MARATHON
FA/FR Series
1-Color Fiber Optic Thermometer
2-Color Fiber Optic Thermometer
Operating Instructions
Rev. G 01/2010
53001
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Contacts
Worldwide Headquarters
Santa Cruz, CA USA
Tel: +1 800 227 – 8074 (USA and Canada only)
+1 831 458 – 3900
Fax: +1 831 458 – 1239
European Headquarters
Berlin, Germany
Tel: +49 30 4 78 00 80
France
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1908 630 800
Fluke Service Center
Beijing, China
Tel: +86 10 6438 691
Tel: +86 10 4008103435 (Service)
Internet: http://www.raytek.com/
the latest updates, enhancements and software upgrades!
© Raytek Corporation
Raytek and the Raytek Logo are registered trademarks of Raytek Corporation.
All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice.
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WARRANTY
The manufacturer warrants this instrument to be free from defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service for the period of two years from date of purchase. This warranty
extends only to the original purchaser. This warranty shall not apply to fuses, batteries, or any
product that has been subject to misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions of operation.
In the event of failure of a product covered by this warranty, the manufacturer will repair the
instrument when it is returned by the purchaser, freight prepaid, to an authorized Service Facility
within the applicable warranty period, provided manufacturer’s examination discloses to its
satisfaction that the product was defective. The manufacturer may, at its option, replace the product in
lieu of repair. With regard to any covered product returned within the applicable warranty period,
repairs or replacement will be made without charge and with return freight paid by the manufacturer,
unless the failure was caused by misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions of operation or
storage, in which case repairs will be billed at a reasonable cost. In such a case, an estimate will be
submitted before work is started, if requested.
THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS, OR ADEQUACY FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE.
THE MANUFACTURER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.
SOFTWARE WARRANTY
The manufacturer does not warrant that the software described herein will function properly in every
hardware and software environment. This software may not work in combination with modified or
emulated versions of Windows operating environments, memory‐resident software, less than 100%
compatible DOS‐compatible systems, or with computers with inadequate memory. The manufacturer
warrants that the program disk is free from defects in material and workmanship, assuming normal
use, for a period of one year. Except for this warranty, the manufacturer makes no warranty or
representation, either expressed or implied, with respect to this software or documentation, including
its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. As a result, this software
and documentation are licensed “as is,” and the licensee (i.e., the User) assumes the entire risk as to its
quality and performance. The liability of the manufacturer under this warranty shall be limited to the
amount paid by the User. In no event shall the manufacturer be liable for any costs including but not
limited to those incurred as a result of lost profits or revenue, loss of use of the computer software,
loss of data, the cost of substitute software, claims by third parties, or for other similar costs.
Manufacturer’s software and documentation are copyrighted with all rights reserved. It is illegal to
make copies for another person.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Declaration of Conformity for the European Community
This instrument conforms to the following standards:
EMC:
Safety:
IEC 61326‐1:2006
IEC 61010‐1:2001
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS..............................................................................................................................1
2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................2
2.1 THEORY OF OPERATION FOR 2‐COLOR SENSORS.........................................................................................2
2.1.1 Partially Obscured Targets...................................................................................................................3
2.1.2 Targets Smaller Than Field of View......................................................................................................3
2.1.3 Low or Changing Emissivities ..............................................................................................................3
3 TECHNICAL DATA.........................................................................................................................................4
3.1 MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................4
3.1.1 FA Models.............................................................................................................................................4
3.1.2 FR Models .............................................................................................................................................4
3.2 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS...........................................................................................................................5
3.3 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................................6
3.4 DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................................................................7
3.5 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................9
3.5.1 FA Models.............................................................................................................................................9
3.5.1.1 Standard Focus..............................................................................................................................9
3.5.1.2 Close Focus ..................................................................................................................................10
3.5.2 FR Models ...........................................................................................................................................11
3.5.2.1 Standard Focus............................................................................................................................11
3.5.2.2 Close Focus ..................................................................................................................................12
3.6 SCOPE OF DELIVERY ...................................................................................................................................12
4 SENSOR LOCATION....................................................................................................................................13
4.1 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE............................................................................................................................13
4.2 ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY ............................................................................................................................13
4.3 ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE.......................................................................................................................13
4.4 DISTANCE TO OBJECT .................................................................................................................................13
4.5 SENSOR PLACEMENT (1‐COLOR MODE) ....................................................................................................14
4.6 SENSOR PLACEMENT (2‐COLOR MODE) ....................................................................................................14
4.7 VIEWING ANGLES.......................................................................................................................................15
5 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................................17
5.1 MOUNTING THE SENSOR............................................................................................................................17
5.2 AIMING .......................................................................................................................................................18
5.3 FIBER OPTIC CABLE ....................................................................................................................................18
5.4 INSTALLING THE ELECTRONICS HOUSING.................................................................................................19
5.5 POWER SUPPLY ...........................................................................................................................................21
5.6 RS232/485 INTERFACE CONVERTER ..........................................................................................................21
5.7 CONNECTING TO A PC...............................................................................................................................21
5.7.1 Multidrop Installation (4‐Wire)..........................................................................................................22
5.7.2 Multidrop Installation (2‐Wire)..........................................................................................................22
5.7.3 Connecting to Terminal Block.............................................................................................................23
5.8 INSTALLING OF MULTIPLE SENSORS IN A NETWORK ................................................................................24
5.8.1 Wiring.................................................................................................................................................24
5.8.2 Addressing ..........................................................................................................................................24
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6 OPERATION................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.1 CONTROL PANEL ....................................................................................................................................... 25
6.2 OPERATION MODES ................................................................................................................................... 26
6.2.1 Temperature Display.......................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.2 Emissivity (1‐Color) ........................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.3 Slope (2‐Color).................................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.4 2C/1C Switch...................................................................................................................................... 28
6.2.5 Peak Hold (PKH)................................................................................................................................ 28
6.2.6 Averaging (AVG) ............................................................................................................................... 28
6.2.7 Valley Hold (VAL).............................................................................................................................. 29
6.2.8 Overview to Hold Functions .............................................................................................................. 29
6.2.9 Setpoints ............................................................................................................................................. 30
6.2.10 Deadband.......................................................................................................................................... 30
6.2.11 Ambient Background Temperature Compensation (FA Models) ..................................................... 31
6.3 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ............................................................................................................................... 31
6.3.1 Milliamp Output................................................................................................................................ 31
6.3.2 Relay Outputs .................................................................................................................................... 31
6.3.3 Trigger................................................................................................................................................ 31
6.4 FACTORY DEFAULTS .................................................................................................................................. 32
7 OPTIONS......................................................................................................................................................... 33
7.1 COOLING PLATFORM FOR ELECTRONICS HOUSING.................................................................................. 33
8 ACCESSORIES............................................................................................................................................... 34
8.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................. 34
8.2 AIR PURGE COLLAR................................................................................................................................... 35
8.3 PROTECTION TUBE ..................................................................................................................................... 35
8.4 FITTING SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 36
8.5 RS232/485 INTERFACE CONVERTER.......................................................................................................... 37
8.6 INDUSTRIAL POWER SUPPLY...................................................................................................................... 38
9 PROGRAMMING GUIDE ........................................................................................................................... 39
9.1 REMOTE VERSUS MANUAL CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................... 39
9.2 COMMAND STRUCTURE............................................................................................................................. 39
9.3 TRANSFER MODES...................................................................................................................................... 40
9.3.1 Poll Mode............................................................................................................................................ 40
9.3.2 Burst Mode......................................................................................................................................... 40
9.4 RESPONSE TIME IN SETUP MODE............................................................................................................... 41
9.5 COMMAND LIST ......................................................................................................................................... 42
9.6 COMMAND EXAMPLES............................................................................................................................... 44
10 MAINTENANCE.......................................................................................................................................... 45
10.1 TROUBLESHOOTING MINOR PROBLEMS .................................................................................................. 45
10.2 FAIL‐SAFE OPERATION ............................................................................................................................ 46
10.3 CLEANING THE LENS ............................................................................................................................... 48
10.4 REPLACING THE FIBER OPTIC CABLE ...................................................................................................... 49
10.4.1 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable....................................................................................................... 49
10.4.1.1 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable from the Optical Head.................................................... 49
10.4.1.2 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable from the Electronics Housing........................................ 50
10.4.2 Mounting the Fiber Optic Cable....................................................................................................... 51
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10.4.2.1 Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Optical Head ..........................................................51
10.4.2.2 Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Electronics Housing ..............................................51
10.4.3 Fiber Calibration ...............................................................................................................................52
11 APPENDIX.....................................................................................................................................................54
11.1 DETERMINATION OF EMISSIVITY..............................................................................................................54
11.2 TYPICAL EMISSIVITY VALUES ...................................................................................................................54
11.3 TYPICAL SLOPES .......................................................................................................................................56
11.4 SIGNAL REDUCTION (FR MODELS)..........................................................................................................57
11.5 ATTENUATION INFLUENCE ON ACCURACY ............................................................................................58
11.6 TRACEABILITY OF INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION .......................................................................................59
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Safety Instructions
1 Safety Instructions
This document contains important information, which should be kept at all times with the instrument
during its operational life. Other users of this instrument should be given these instructions with the
instrument. Eventual updates to this information must be added to the original document. The
instrument can only be operated by trained personnel in accordance with these instructions and local
safety regulations.
Acceptable Operation
This instrument is intended only for the measurement of temperature. The instrument is appropriate
for continuous use. The instrument operates reliably in demanding conditions, such as in high
environmental temperatures, as long as the documented technical specifications for all instrument
components are adhered to. Compliance with the operating instructions is necessary to ensure the
expected results.
Unacceptable Operation
The instrument should not be used for medical diagnosis.
Replacement Parts and Accessories
Use only original parts and accessories approved by the manufacturer. The use of other products can
compromise the operation safety and functionality of the instrument.
Instrument Disposal
Disposal of old instruments should be handled according to professional and
environmental regulations as electronic waste.
Operating Instructions
The following symbols are used to highlight essential safety information in the operation instructions:
Helpful information regarding the optimal use of the instrument.
Warnings concerning operation to avoid instrument damage.
Warnings concerning operation to avoid personal injury.
Incorrect use of 110 / 230 V electrical systems can result in electrical hazards and personal
injury. All instrument parts supplied with electricity must be covered to prevent physical
contact and other hazards at all times.
Marathon Series FA/FR
1
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Product Description
2 Product Description
The Marathon FA/FR fiber optic series of instruments are high‐performance infrared thermometers.
Each has a front end consisting of a small, fixed focus optical head coupled to a rugged fiber optic
cable wrapped with a flexible stainless steel sheath. The fiber optic cable attaches to an electronics
enclosure, which can be mounted away from the hot, hostile environment. The electronics enclosure
can be connected to a computer with its two‐way RS485 interface.
Temperature measurements can be taken using either of the following modes:
•
1‐color mode (FA and FR sensors) – for standard temperature measurements. The 1‐color
mode is best for measuring the temperature of targets in areas where no sighting obstructions,
either solid or gaseous, exist. The 1‐color mode is also best where the target completely fills
the measurement spot and where the background or foreground are higher in temperature
than the target.
•
2‐color mode (FR sensors only) – temperatures are determined from the ratio of two separate
and overlapping infrared bands. The 2‐color mode is best for measuring the temperature of
targets that are partially obscured (either intermittently or permanently) by other objects,
openings, screens, or viewing windows that reduce energy, and by dirt, smoke, or steam in
the atmosphere. The 2‐color mode can also be used on targets that do not completely fill the
measurement spot, provided the background is much cooler than the target.
Each model operates as a temperature measurement subsystem consisting of optical elements, spectral
filters, detector, and digital electronics. All components are water‐tight NEMA‐4 (IEC 529, IP 65) rated
and are built to operate on a 100 percent duty cycle in industrial environments. Simultaneous analog
and digital outputs consist of standardized current signals commonly available for use with
computers, controllers, recorders, alarms, or A/D interfaces.
Model
Description
FA1A, FA1B, FA1C
1-color-sensor in spectral range of 1 µm
different temperature ranges
FA1G
1-color-sensor specifically designed for measuring glass
FA2A, FA2B
1-color-sensor in spectral range of 1.6 µm
different temperature ranges
FR1A, FR1B, FR1C
2-color-sensor in spectral range of 1 µm (nominal)
different temperature ranges
Table 1: Models
2.1 Theory of Operation for 2‐Color Sensors
Two‐color ratio technology makes possible accurate and repeatable temperature measurements that
are free from dependence on absolute radiated energy values. In use, a 2‐color sensor determines
temperature from the ratio of the radiated energies in two separate wavelength bands (colors). The
benefits of 2‐color sensors are that accurate measurements can be made under the following
conditions:
•
•
•
When the field of view to the target is partially blocked or obscured.
When the target is smaller than the sensor’s field of view.
When target emissivities are low or changing by the same factor in both wavelength bands.
2
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Product Description
Another benefit is that 2‐color sensors measure closer to the highest temperature within the measured
spot (spatial peak picking) instead of an average temperature. A 2‐color sensor can be mounted farther
away, even if the target does not fill the resulting spot size. The convenience is that you are not forced
to install the sensor at some specific distance based upon target size and the sensor’s optical
resolution.
2.1.1 Partially Obscured Targets
The radiated energy from a target is, in most cases, equally reduced when objects or atmospheric
materials block some portion of the optical field of view. It follows that the ratio of the energies is
unaffected, and thus the measured temperatures remain accurate. A 2‐color sensor is better than a 1‐
color sensor in the following conditions:
•
•
•
Sighting paths are partially blocked (either intermittently or permanently).
Dirt, smoke, or steam is in the atmosphere between the sensor and target.
Measurements are made through items or areas that reduce emitted energy, such as grills,
screens, small openings, or channels.
•
•
Measurements are made through a viewing window that has unpredictable and changing
infrared transmission due to accumulating dirt and/or moisture on the window surface.
The sensor itself is subject to dirt and/or moisture accumulating on the lens surface.
1‐color sensors see polluted atmosphere and dirty windows and lenses as a reduction in
energy and give much lower than actual temperature readings!
2.1.2 Targets Smaller Than Field of View
When a target is not large enough to fill the field of view, or if the target is moving within the field of
view, radiated energies are equally reduced, but the ratio of the energies is unaffected and measured
temperatures remain accurate. This remains true as long as the background temperature is much
lower than the target’s. The following examples show where 2‐color sensors can be used when targets
are smaller than the field of view:
•
Measuring wire or rod — often too narrow for field of view or moving or vibrating
unpredictably. It is much easier to obtain accurate results because sighting is less critical with
two‐color sensors.
•
Measuring molten glass streams — often narrow and difficult to sight consistently with
single‐wavelength sensors.
2.1.3 Low or Changing Emissivities
If the emissivities in both wavelengths (colors) were the same, as they would be for any blackbody
(emissivity = 1.0) or graybody (emissivity < 1.0 but constant), then their ratio would be 1, and target
emissivity would not be an influence. However, in nature there is no such thing as a greybody. The
emissivity of all real objects changes with wavelength and temperature, at varying degrees, depending
on the material.
When emissivity is uncertain or changing, a 2‐color sensor can be more accurate than a 1‐color
instrument as long as the emissivity changes by the same factor in both wavelength bands. Note,
however, that accurate measurement results are dependent on the application and the type of material
being measured. To determine how to use 2‐color sensors with your application when uncertain or
changing emissivities are a factor, please contact your sales representative.
Marathon Series FA/FR
3
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Technical Data
3 Technical Data
3.1 Measurement Specifications
3.1.1 FA Models
Temperature Range
FA1A
FA1B
FA1C
475 to 900°C (887°F to 1652°F)
800 to 1900°C (1472°F to 3452°F)
1200 to 3000°C (2192°F to 5432°F)
FA1G
FA2A
FA2B
750 to 1675°C (1382°F to 3047°F)
250 to 800°C (482°F to 1472°F)
400 to 1700°C (752°F to 3092°F)
Spectral Response
FA1
FA2
1.0 μm (Si detector)
1.6 μm (InGaAs detector)
System Accuracy
FA1/FA2
FA1G
±(0.3% Tmeas + 2°C), Tmeas in °C
±3°C
Repeatability
±1°C
Temperature Resolution
Current Output
±0.05°C
±0.01°C for FA1G
Display and RS485
Response Time
±1°C
10 msec (95%), selectable to 10 sec
Temperature Coefficient
±0.03% full scale change per 1°C change in ambient
temperature
Noise Equivalent Temp. (NET)
Emissivity
1°C peak to peak, at target emissivity of 1.00
0.10 to 1.00, in 0.01 increments
Signal Processing
Peak Hold, valley hold, averaging
Hold time 0 – 300 sec, in 0.1 sec increments
3.1.2 FR Models
Temperature Range
FR1A
FR1B
FR1C
500 – 1100°C (930°F to 2010°F)
700 – 1500°C (1290°F to 2730°F)
1000 – 2500°C (1830°F to 4530°F)
Spectral Response
1.0 μm nominal (Si/Si sandwich detector)
1
at ambient temperature 23°C ±5°C (73°F ±9°F)
4
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Technical Data
System Accuracy
*
no signal attenuation
up to 95% signal attenuation
up to 95% signal attenuation
±(0.3% Tmeas + 2°C)
*
±(1% Tmeas + 2°C) for FR1A/FR1B
*
±(1.3% Tmeas + 2°C) for FR1C
* Tmeas in °C
±1°C (±2°F)
Repeatability
Temperature Resolution
Response Time
±1°C (±2°F)
10 msec (95%), selectable to 10 sec
±0.1% of reading at ambient temperature from 0 to 60°C
0.10 to 1.00, in 0.01 increments
0.850 to 1.150 in 0.001 increments
Temperature Coefficient
Emissivity (1‐color)
Slope (2‐color)
Max. Signal Reduction
95% at 600°C (1112°F), 50% at 500°C (932°F) for FR1A
95% at 875°C (1607°F), 50% at 700°C (1292°F) for FR1B
95% at 1300°C (2372°F), 50% at 1000°C (1832°F) for FR1C
Signal Processing
Peak Hold, averaging, hold time 0 – 299.9 sec, in 0.1 sec
increments, 300.0 sec ꢀholds with external trigger
3.2 General Specifications
Display
7‐segment LED display, individual LED’s indicate modes
Environmental Rating
NEMA‐4 (IEC 529, IP 65) rated with conduit adapter and
compression fitting (which prevents liquid from entering
through the connector)
Ambient Temperature
Head / Fiber Cable
0 to 200°C (32°F to 360°F)
0 to 60°C (32°F to 140°F), with cooling platform: 150°C (300°F)
Electronics Housing
Storage Temperature
Electronics Housing
‐20 to 70°C (‐4°F to 158°F)
Fiber Cable
rated to 200°C (360°F), stainless steel armour, Viton coated,
NEMA‐4 (IP65)
Relative Humidity
10 to 95%, not condensing at 22°C to 43°C (72°F to 110°F)
Electromagnetic Interference
IEC 61326‐1
Mechanical Shock
Electronics Housing
MIL‐STD‐810D (IEC 68‐2‐27), 50 G, 11 msec duration, any axis
Vibrations
Electronics Housing
MIL‐STD‐810D (IEC 68‐2‐6), 3 G, 11 to 200 Hz any axis
1
at ambient temperature 23°C ±5°C (73°F ±9°F)
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Technical Data
Warm up Period
15 minutes
Weight
Optical Head
Electronics Housing
100 g (3.5 oz)
710 g (9 oz)
3.3 Electrical Specifications
Power Supply
24 VDC ±20%, 500 mA (max 100 mV peak to peak of ripple)
max. 12 W
Power Consumption
Output Isolation
500 V AC or DC provided by manufacturer supplied power
supply accessory
Dielectric Withstand Voltage
500 V
Outputs
Analog
0 ‐ 20 mA, 4 ‐ 20 mA, 16 bit resolution
max current loop impedance: 500 Ω
networkable to 32 sensors
Digital RS485
Baud rate: 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200, 38400 (default)
Adjustable baud rate only available through 2‐way RS485.
Data format: 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit,
Software selectable 4‐wire, full‐duplex non‐multidrop, point‐to‐
point or 2‐wire half duplex multidrop
Contacts max. 48 V, 300 mA, response time < 2 ms, (software
programmable)
Relay
Input
External Reset
TTL input, trigger for resetting peak or valley hold
Sensor
Trigger
GND
Figure 1: External Reset Wiring Diagram
6
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Technical Data
3.4 Dimensions
Fiber Optic Cable
min. bend radius
Figure 2: Dimensions of Optical Head(FA Models)
Fiber Optic Cable
min. bend radius
Figure 3: Dimensions of Optical Head (FR Models)
Mounting hole ∅ 5 mm (0.188)
Max. fastener head 8 mm (0.31)
Hole diameter: 21 mm (0.83)
Figure 4: Dimensions of Electronics Housing
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Technical Data
Figure 5: Adjustable Mounting Bracket for Optical Head
8
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Technical Data
3.5 Optical Specifications
The sensor comes as a standard focus model or one of two close focus models, see following overview
for available options. For one‐color temperature measurements make sure the target completely fills
the measurement spot.
3.5.1 FA Models
3.5.1.1 Standard Focus
[inch]
[inch]
FA1A/FA2A SF
FA1B/FA1C/FA1G SF
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 100:1 at focus point
Distancse D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point
[inch]
FA2B SF
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point
Figure 6: Standard Focus Spot Size Charts for FA models
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Technical Data
3.5.1.2 Close Focus
[inch]
[inch]
FA1A/FA2A CF1
FA1A/FA2A CF2
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point
[inch]
[inch]
FA1B/FA1C CF1
FA1B/FA1C CF2
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 100:1 at focus point
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 100:1 at focus point
[inch]
[inch]
FA2B CF1
FA2B CF2
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point
Figure 7: Close Focus Spot Size Charts for FA models
10
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Technical Data
3.5.2 FR Models
3.5.2.1 Standard Focus
[inch]
[inch]
FR1A SF
FR1B SF
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point
[inch]
FR1C SF
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 65:1 at focus point
Figure 8: Standard Focus Spot Size Charts for FR models
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Technical Data
3.5.2.2 Close Focus
[inch]
[inch]
FR1A CF1
FR1A CF2
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 20:1 at focus point
[inch]
[inch]
FR1B CF1
FR1B CF2
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 40:1 at focus point
[inch]
[inch]
FR1C CF1
FR1C CF2
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 65:1 at focus point
Distance D to Object [mm]
D:S = 65:1 at focus point
Figure 9: Close Focus Spot Size Charts for FR models
3.6 Scope of Delivery
The scope of delivery includes the following:
•
•
•
Marathon FA/FR Documentation and Support CD
Mounting nuts
Adjustable mounting bracket (XXXFOMB)
12
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Sensor Location
4 Sensor Location
Sensor location and configuration depends on the application. Before deciding on a location, you need
to be aware of the ambient temperature of the location, the atmospheric quality of the location
(especially for 1‐color temperature measurements), and the possible electromagnetic interference in
that location (a consideration only for the electronics enclosure). If you plan to use air purging, you
need to have an air connection available. Also, wiring and conduit runs must be considered, including
computer wiring and connections, if used. The following subsections cover topics to consider before
you install the sensor.
4.1 Ambient Temperature
The optical head is designed to operate in ambient temperatures up to 200°C (390°F). The electronics
enclosure is designed to operate in ambient temperatures between 0°C (32°F) and 60°C (140°F). The
internal ambient temperature can vary from 10°C (50°F) to 68°C (154°F). Internal temperatures outside
this range will cause a failsafe error.
4.2 Atmospheric Quality
Smoke, fumes, dust, and other contaminants in the air, as well as a dirty lens are generally not a
problem when using the 2‐color mode (as long as the attenuation is equal in both spectral bands).
However, if the lens gets too dirty, it cannot detect enough infrared energy to measure accurately, and
the instrument will indicate a failure. It is good practice to always keep the lens clean. The Air Purge
Collar helps keep contaminants from building up on the lens. If you use air purging, make sure an air
supply with the correct air pressure is installed before proceeding with the sensor installation.
4.3 Electrical Interference
To minimize electrical or electromagnetic interference or “noise” be aware of the following:
•
Mount the electronics enclosure as far away as possible from potential sources of electrical
interference such as motorized equipment producing large step load changes.
Use shielded wire for all input and output connections.
Make sure the shield wire from the electronics to terminal block cable is earth grounded.
For additional protection, use conduit for the external connections. Solid conduit is better than
flexible conduit in high noise environments.
•
•
•
•
Do not run AC power for other equipment in the same conduit.
When installing the optical head, check for any high‐intensity discharge lamps or
heaters that may be in the field of view (either background or reflected on a shiny
target)! Reflected heat sources can cause a sensor to give erroneous readings.
4.4 Distance to Object
The requested spot size determines the maximum distance to the measurment object and the
necessary focus of the optic. The Standard Focus is set at infinity. The Close Focus optical heads are
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Sensor Location
4.5 Sensor Placement (1‐Color Mode)
Optical head placement for one‐color temperature measurements is more critical than two‐color
measurements. The sensor must have a clear view of the target. There can be no obstructions on the
lens, window, or in the atmosphere. The distance from the target can be anywhere beyond the
minimum requirements, as long as the target completely fills the field of view. The following figure
illustrates proper placement when using the one‐color mode.
best
good
incorrect
Target greater than spot size
Target equal to spot size
Target smaller than spot size
Figure 10: Proper Sensor Placement in 1‐Color Mode
4.6 Sensor Placement (2‐Color Mode)
The following figure shows head placement under various conditions where two‐color temperature
measurements can be taken. Note, however, that if the sensor signal is reduced more than 95%
(including emissivity and obscuration of the target), the sensor accuracy also degrades.
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Sensor Location
Sighting hole smaller than the
sensor’s field of view
Emitted
energy
Dirty lens or dirty sighting window
Emitted
energy
Smoke, steam, dust,
gas in atmosphere
Emitted
energy
Target smaller than field of view
and/or moves or vibrates in and
out of field of view (e.g. wire)
Emitted
energy
Figure 11: Sensor Placement in 2‐Color Mode
4.7 Viewing Angles
The optical head can be placed at any angle from the target up to 30° for one‐color mode, or 45° for
two‐color mode.
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Sensor Location
Best
90° to target
Acceptable
Angles
Good
1-Color Mode: 30° to 90° to target
2-Color Mode: 45° to 90° to target
Bad
1-Color Mode: 0° to 30° to target
2-Color Mode: 0° to 45° to target
Figure 12: Acceptable Sensor Viewing Angles
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Installation
5 Installation
5.1 Mounting the Sensor
After all preparations are complete according to section 4 Sensor Location, page 13 ff., you can install
the sensor.
How and where you anchor the optical head and electronics enclosure depends on the type of surface
and the type of bracket you are using. You can mount the optical head through a hole, on a bracket of
your own design, or on the available bracket accessory.
You may need to “snake” the fiber optic cable through and around any obstacles, such as beams,
walls, support columns, etc., or, if your installation requires, through conduit, before attaching the end
to the electronics enclosure. (Do not attach until you aim the optical head.) The cable can be
disconnected from the electronics box for aiming or threading through conduit during installation.
The cable is keyed and can only be inserted one way into the electronics enclosure.
Tighten only after securing connecting sleeve
Note keyed connecting sleeve (can be
inserted only one way - slot must face mode
switches)
Push connecting sleeve in until it stops
(approx. 15 mm / 0.6 in)
Tighten screw (finger tighten only)
Figure 13: Connecting the Fiber Optic Cable
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5.2 Aiming
An effective aiming technique is to adjust the head until the highest reading is observed on the
internal display. When the highest reading is reached, hold the unit in place and secure the mounting
base. Make sure that the sensor is in 1‐color mode when using this aiming technique!
Another aiming can be done by means of a battery powered aiming light. Simply loosen the
compression sleeve holding the fiber optic cable, loosen the screw at the heater block, and pull the
cable out of the heater block approximately 7 mm (0.25 in), see Figure 13, p. 17. Raise the fiber optic
cable enough to slip the aiming light onto the end. Align the light beam on the target.
5.3 Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cables and optical heads are able to withstand hot ambient temperatures up to 200°C
(390°F), optional even up to 315°C (599°F). They can also operate in areas of high electromagnetic
fields, which would render conventional instruments useless. The small optical head can be mounted
in cramped locations. The fiber optic cable has a small bend radius (36 mm / 1.5 in minimum) and can
be “snaked” around and through machinery, walls, and other obstacles. If the cable needs to be
changed, it is field replaceable. A calibration program for replaced fiber cables is included with your
sensor. Longer fiber optic cables allow the electronics enclosure to be well away from hostile
environments.
The fiber optic cable is field replaceable, see section 10.4 Replacing the Fiber Optic Cable, p. 49. The
fiber optic cable and head are one component. The cable can be disconnected from the electronics box
for aiming or threading through conduit during installation. The cable is keyed and can only be
inserted one way into the electronics enclosure.
The fiber optic cable is a sealed, stainless‐steel armor sheath covering the fiber optic bundle.
Bend Radius of Fiber Bundle: 38 mm (1.5 in) minimum
Cable Diameter:
Ambient Temperature:
Environmental Rating:
6.5 mm (0.25 in)
0 to 200°C (32°F to 392°F), optional up to 315°C (599°F)
Water tightness as per NEMA‐4 (IEC 529, IP 65) hose down test, rated
attached and with protective sleeves, which prevents liquid from
entering through the connectors. The given environmental rating is
not valid for the 315°C (599°F) cables!
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Installation
5.4 Installing the Electronics Housing
The distance between the electronics housing and a computer (via RS485 cable) can be up to 1200 m
(4000 feet). This allows ample distance from the harsh environment where the sensing head is
mounted to a control room or pulpit where the computer is located.
For reliable performance it is recommended that the power supply be no more than
60 m (200 feet) away!
Following you can see installation examples shown with two representative cable types. A 4‐wire
cable is used to wire the 24 VDC power supply and one output of the electronics housing. A coated
12‐wire cable is used to wire all inputs and outputs of the electronics housing.
Sometimes in cable both sets of twisted‐pair wires have drain wires inside their insulation. These
drain wires must be assembled and connected to the terminal labeled SHIELD (bare). Also connect the
earth ground to the SHIELD (bare) terminal. The following figure shows how to configure the drain
wires of both 4‐ and 12‐wire cables before connecting to the sensor and RS485/RS232 converter.
Attach to SHIELD
in electronics housing
Twist braided shield and two drain wires from
the two twisted pairs together
e.g.
To electronics housing
to power supply,
to RS232/485 converter,
other inputs/outputs
12-wire cable
Earth Ground
Attach to SHIELD
in electronics housing
e.g.
To electronics housing
to power supply,
0/4 – 20 mA current output
4-wire cable
Earth Ground
Figure 14: Configuring the Sensor Cable
The complete wiring must have only one common earth ground point!
Cables can be run to the electronics enclosure through conduit or fastened using the a compression
fitting. Once you run the cable into the enclosure, attach the color‐coded bare wires to the terminals.
Use the following figure (or diagram on underside of lid) as a wiring guide. Note that the terminal
blocks in the electronics enclosure can be “popped” out for easy wire connections.
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Installation
12-wire cable
4- wire cable
+24V (red)
GND (black)
+24V (red)
GND (black)
+mA (green)
-mA (brown)
NO/NC (blue)
COM (orange)
TRIG (yellow)
SHIELD (bare)
+mA (green)
-mA (white)
TxA (purple)
TxB (grey)
RxA (black)
RxB (white)
Attention: Do not confuse twisted
pair black wire with single black
power wire
Cable compression
fitting or conduit adapter
Cable compression
fitting or conduit adapter
twisted cable pairs
Figure 15: Electronics Housing Wiring
Incorrect wiring can damage the sensor and void the warranty! Before applying power,
make sure all connections are correct and secure!
The following figure illustrates how to remove the terminal block.
Figure 16: Removing the Terminal Block
The electronics box has two compression fittings to provide water sealing for the fiber optics cable and
the electronics cable. The compression fitting must be tightened with a wrench around the cables to
achieve water sealing. To achieve sealing for the fiber optics cable, hand tighten the compression
fitting around the cable, and then use a wrench to tighten another 1 1/2 to 2 turns. If the cable is too
thin then it may be necessary to add a bushing or heat shrink material to increase the cable diameter in
order to ensure sealing. Hand tighten the compression fitting around the cable, and then use a wrench
to tighten another 1½ to 2 turns.
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Installation
5.5 Power Supply
Connections from a 24 VDC (500 mA or higher) power supply attach to the appropriate terminals on
the electronic enclosure’s terminal strip.
Isolated power is required, and this is provided by the appropriate manufacturer
supplied power supply accessory. Beware of use of other power supplies which may
not provide the necessary isolation and could cause instrument malfunction or damage!
5.6 RS232/485 Interface Converter
To connect to a computer’s RS232 port, you need one of the Interface Converter accessories (similar to
the following figure) and the proper RS232 cable. If your computer has an RS485 interface card, you
can connect the sensor directly to its port (using the proper connector) with wiring from the electronic
enclosure’s terminal block.
Connect the interface converter to an available COM port on your computer, either directly or with an
appropriate serial cable (available from computer supply stores). If your computer has a 9‐pin serial
connector, use the supplied 25‐pin to 9‐pin cable between the interface converter or cable and the
computer.
From electronics housing ...
RS485 25-pin male connector
not
used
RS485 Connector (screw terminals)
Optional power connector
9 VDC as alternative to
24 VDC power supplement
Optional power connector
9 VDC as alternative to
24 VDC power supplement
RS232 25-pin female connector
RS232 25-pin female connector
Figure 17: RS232/485 Interface Converter, with pins (left, XXX485CV…)
or terminal (right, XXX485CVT…)
The RS485 output is as follows:
Baud rate: 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200, 38400 (default)
Note: Adjustable baud rate only available through 2‐way RS485.
Data format: 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit
4‐wire, full duplex, point‐to‐point
5.7 Connecting to a PC
To set up your computer to initialize the sensors, complete the following steps:
1. Remove power from the FA/FR sensor!
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Installation
3. Plug the RS485/RS232 interface converter into your computer’s serial port, or attach it to a
serial cable connected to the computer! Use 9 pin to 25 pin converter if necessary!
4. If the 9 VDC power supply is used, apply power to the RS485/RS232 converter!
5. Apply power to the FA/FR sensor!
6. Turn on your computer!
You need to make sure another serial device (e.g. an internal modem) is not using the
identical COM‐port at the same time!
Always make all electrical connections before applying power to the FA/FR sensor! Do
not change RS485 or power connections on the RS485/RS232 converter while the FA/FR
sensor has power applied, as this may cause damage to the Interface converter!
5.7.1 Multidrop Installation (4‐Wire)
In 4‐wire multidrop installations the data can be transferred in both directions, from sensor to PC and
reverse.
RS232/485
Interface Converter
To Computer
RS232 serial port
XXX485CVT…
from RxB
from RxA
from TxB
from TxA
Ground
+24 VDC (optional)
Electronics Housing
9 VDC power supply or ...
24 VDC power supply
Figure 18: Wiring for 4‐Wire Sensor Setup
5.7.2 Multidrop Installation (2‐Wire)
Using the 2‐wire installation saves 2 wires in comparison to the 4‐wire installation. The disadvantage
is, that the data transfer can be only in one direction at the same time.
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Installation
RS232/485
Interface Converter
To Computer
RS232 serial port
XXX485CVT…
from TxB
from TxA
Ground
+24 VDC (optional)
Electronics Housing
9 VDC power supply or ...
24 VDC power supply
Figure 19: Wiring for 2‐Wire Sensor Setup
5.7.3 Connecting to Terminal Block
If you need to extend the wiring or to have a complete wiring of all inputs/outputs, use the Terminal
Block accessory. Make sure you connect the color‐coded wires correctly.
Terminal Block
(for cable extension)
RS232/485
Interface Converter
XXX485CV…
From electronics housing or
another sensing head
To Computer
RS232 serial port
Electronics Housing
XXX485CVT…
9 VDC power supply or
24 VDC power supply
Figure 20: Connections from Sensor to Computer with the Terminal Block
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Installation
5.8 Installing of Multiple Sensors in a Network
5.8.1 Wiring
For an installation of two or more sensors in a network, each sensor cable is wired to its own terminal
block. The RS485 terminals on each terminal block are wired in parallel.
The following figure illustrates the wiring of sensors in a 4‐wire multidrop installation. A network as a
from additional terminal block
of another sensor
RxB RxA TxB TxA
RS232/485
Interface Converter
XXX485CVT…
from RxB
from RxA
from TxB
from TxA
Ground
+24 VDC
Elektronikbox
Terminal Block
Electronics Housing
9 VDC or ...
24 VDC power supply
Figure 21: 4‐Wire Multidrop Wiring in a Network
5.8.2 Addressing
The addressing of a sensor can be done by means of the Multidrop Software (Menu <Sensor Setup>)
that came with your sensor. As alternative the specific interface commands of the sensor can be used
in conjunction with a standard terminal program (e.g. Windows HyperTerminal), see section 9.5
If you are installing two or more sensors in a multi‐drop configuration, please be aware of the
following:
•
•
Each sensor must have a unique address.
Each sensor must be set to the same baud rate.
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Operation
6 Operation
Once you have the optical head and electronics housing positioned and connected properly, the
system is ready for continuous operation.
The operation of the sensor can be done by means of the control panel in the electronics housing or by
means of the software that came with your sensor.
6.1 Control Panel
The sensor is equipped with a control panel, which has setting/controlling buttons and an LED
display. You can configure sensor settings with the control panel or with a computer. The panel is
used primarily for setting up the instrument. The buttons and LEDs are defined in the following
sections.
Allow the electronics to warm up for 15 minutes before making control panel
adjustments!
Temperature Unit Indicator: °C
or °F
Raises selected function value
°C
°C/°F
MODE
°F
Emissivity
Lowers selected function value
Mode Selection
Є
Peak Hold
PKH
AVG
VAL
Averaging
Valley Hold
Figure 22: Control Panel for FA Model
Temperature Unit Indicator: °C
or °F
°C
°C/°F
Raises selected function value
Lowers selected function value
Mode Selection
°F
E-Slope/Emissivity
Peak Hold
S/Є
PKH
AVG
2C
Averaging
MODE
2C/1C
Mode Indicator: 2C Ratio
or 1C Mono
1C
Switches between 1C and 2C
Figure 23: Control Panel for FR Model
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Operation
The sensor has a remote locking feature that keeps the unit from being accidentally changed from the
control panel (locked by default in multidrop mode). This lockout mode denies access to all the
switches on the control panel. It is available through the RS485 connection and can be unlocked only
by a command from the remote computer.
6.2 Operation Modes
When you first turn the unit on, the display shows the current temperature. Pushing the mode selector
button will change the figures on the display to the current setting for each particular mode. The
following figure illustrates the sequence of operation for the mode selector button when in current
temperature mode.
Display current temperature
Switches between °C and °F
Display/Change emissivity
default: 1.00
Raises and lowers emissivity
Display/Change peak hold setting
default = 0 sec / off
Raises and lowers
peak hold timing
Display/Change averaging setting
default = 0 sec / off
Raises and lowers
averaging time
Display/Change valley hold setting
default = 0 sec / off
Raises and lowers
valley hold timing
Figure 24: Mode Selector Button Sequence (FA Models)
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Operation
Display current temperature
Switches between °C and °F
Display/Change emissivity (1-color mode)
default: 1.00
Display/Change slope (2-color mode)
default: 1.000
Raises and lowers emissivity
or slope
Display/Change peak hold setting
default = 0 sec / off
Raises and lowers
peak hold timing
Display/Change averaging setting
default = 0 sec / off
Raises and lowers
averaging time
Figure 25: Mode Selector Button Sequence (FR Models)
6.2.1 Temperature Display
The temperature display can be set for either °C or °F by pressing the C/F selector button (c – up
arrow), which also doubles as the Increase Value button for the other modes. The Decrease Value
(d – down arrow) button is inactive in this mode. A lit LED shows you whether the measured
temperature is in °C or °F. Note that this setting influences the RS485 output for both target and
internal temperatures.
6.2.2 Emissivity (1‐Color)
You can set the unit up for either 1‐color or 2‐color measurements. The 1C/2C selector button on the
control panel switches between the two functions. One of the red LEDs, labeled 1C and 2C, will show
what function is active.
The emissivity is a calculated ratio of infrared energy emitted by an object to the energy emitted by a
blackbody at the same temperature (a perfect radiator has an emissivity of 1.00). The emissivity is
preset at 1.00. For information on determining an unknown emissivity, and for sample emissivities,
To change the unit’s emissivity setting, complete the following:
1. Make sure the 1C LED is lit.
2. Press the Mode button until the Є LED is lit. The current emissivity value shows on the
display.
3. Press the c or d button to change the value.
4. Press the Mode button several times until the C or F LED is lit. The displayed temperature
will now be based on the new emissivity value.
6.2.3 Slope (2‐Color)
The slope is the quotient of the emissivities based on the narrow and the wide spectral range (first and
second wavelength). The slope is preset at the factory at 1.000.
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Operation
The slope is the deciding parameter for measurements in 2‐color mode! The emissivity
affects only measurements in 1‐color mode.
For information on determining an unknown slope, and for sample slopes, refer to section 11.3 Typical
To change the unit’s slope setting, complete the following:
1. Make sure the 2C LED is lit.
2. Press the Mode button until the Є LED is lit. The current slope value shows on the display.
3. Press the c or d button to change the value.
4. Press the Mode button several times until the C or F LED is lit. The displayed temperature
will now be based on the new slope value.
6.2.4 2C/1C Switch
To switch between 2‐color and 1‐color temperature measurement push the 2C/1C selector button. A lit
LED indicates the active measurement method. Switching affects the LED display and analog out but
not the RS485 out.
6.2.5 Peak Hold (PKH)
With Peak Hold, the respective last peak value is held for the duration of Hold Time.
To set and activate Peak Hold, do the following:
1. Press the Mode button until the PKH LED is lit.
2. Press thec button to both set and activate. The display reads in 0.1 seconds. Set Peak Hold
from 0.1 to 299.9 seconds. If Peak Hold is set to 300.0 seconds, a hardware reset is needed to
trigger another reading. If Peak Hold is set to 0.0 seconds, the function is deactivated.
3. Press the Mode button until the C or F LED is lit. If Peak Hold has been activated, the Peak
LED will stay lit.
Once Peak Hold is set above 0, it automatically activates. The output signal remains the same until one
of two things happens:
•
•
The peak hold time runs out. In this case, the signal reverts to actual temperature.
The actual temperature goes above the hold temperature. In this case, starts holding new
peak.
Note that other hold functions (like Valley Hold or Averaging) cannot be used concurrently.
By means of the software other hold functions are adjustable (e.g. Advanced Peak Hold).
6.2.6 Averaging (AVG)
Averaging can be useful when an average temperature over a specific duration is desired, or when a
smoothing of fluctuating temperatures is required.
The averaging algorithm simulates a first order low pass RC filter whose time constant can be
adjusted to match the user’s averaging needs. The following figure illustrates an averaging output
signal.
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Operation
Hot objects moving on a production line
Standard output signal
Average output signal
Figure 26: Averaging Example
To set and activate Averaging, do the following:
1. Press the Mode button until the AVG LED is lit.
2. Press thec button to both set and activate. The display reads in 0.1 seconds. Set Average
anywhere from 0.1 to 300.0 seconds. If Average is set to 0.0 seconds, the function is
deactivated.
3. Press the Mode button until the C or F LED is lit. If Average has been activated, the AVG LED
will stay lit.
Once Averaging is set above 0, it automatically activates. Note that other hold functions (like Peak
Hold or Valley Hold) cannot be used concurrently.
6.2.7 Valley Hold (VAL)
With Valley Hold, the respective last valley value is held for the duration of Hold Time.
Function and setting for valley hold corresponds to the already described Peak Hold function, see
6.2.8 Overview to Hold Functions
The following table lists the various Hold functions along with their resets and timing values. Use this
table as a guide for programming your sensor and adjusting the Hold times.
Please note, the setting of some commands is not possible by using of the control panel, these
commands are only available by means of the software.
Hold Function
RESET by
Peak Time
Valley Time
Threshold Hysteresis Decay Rate
Protocol code
P
000.0
000.1-299.9
300.0**
F
C
-*
000.0
000.0
XY
-*
-*
XE
-*
000.0
000.0
none
Peak Hold
Peak Hold
none
timer
trigger
000.0
000.0
000.0
-*
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Operation
Peak Hold with decay
Advanced Peak Hold
timer
000.1-299.9
300.0
000.0
000.0
000.0
0250-3000
-*
-*
0001-9999
0000
trigger or
threshold
timer or
threshold
Advanced Peak Hold
000.1-299.9
000.1-299.9
000.0
000.0
0250-3000
0250-3000
-*
-*
0000
Advanced Peak Hold with timer or
0001-9999
decay
threshold
Valley Hold***
Valley Hold***
Valley Hold with decay*** timer
Advanced Valley Hold*** trigger or
threshold
timer
trigger
000.0
000.0
000.0
000.0
000.1-299.9
300.0**
000.1-299.9
300.0
000.0
000.0
000.0
0250-3000
-*
-*
-*
-*
000.0
000.0
0001-9999
0000
Advanced Valley Hold*** timer or
threshold
000.0
000.0
000.1-299.9
000.1-299.9
0250-3000
0250-3000
-*
-*
0000
Advanced Valley Hold
with decay***
timer or
threshold
0001-9999
Table 2: Hold Functions
* Value does not affect the function type
** Holds indefinitely or until triggered
*** Function available only for FA Models
6.2.9 Setpoints
The two Setpoints are deactivated by default (alarm mode). Activating and adjusting the Setpoints is
accomplished through software. Once one or both Setpoints are activated the relay changes state as
the current temperature passes the setpoint temperature.
6.2.10 Deadband
Deadband is a zone of flexibility around the Setpoint. The alarm does not go abnormal until the
temperature exceeds the Setpoint value by the number of set deadband degrees. Thereafter, it does not
go normal until the temperature is below the Setpoint by the number of set deadband degrees. The
Deadband is factory preset to ± 2° C or F of Setpoint value. Adjusting to other values is accomplished
through software. For information on the sensor’s communication protocols, see section
Setpoint temperature of 960°C (1760°F).
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Operation
Relay Changes State
962°C
Setpoint: 960°C
958°C
Time
Normal State
Alarm
Normal State
Alarm
Figure 27: Deadband Example
6.2.11 Ambient Background Temperature Compensation (FA Models)
The FA model is capable of improving the accuracy of target temperature measurements by taking
into account the ambient, or background, temperature. This feature is useful when the target
emissivity is below 1.0 and the background temperature is not significantly lower than the target
temperature. To utilize this feature, you must enable the sensor with the background temperature
feature via the DataTemp Software.
6.3 Inputs and Outputs
6.3.1 Milliamp Output
The milliamp output is an analog output you can connect directly to a recording device (e.g., chart
recorder), PLC, or controller. The analog output resolution for all models is 0.5°C or 1°F. The mA
output can be forced to a specific value, underrange, or overrange with a 2‐ way RS485 command.
This feature is useful for testing or calibrating connected equipment.
6.3.2 Relay Outputs
The relay output is used as an alarm for failsafe conditions or as a setpoint relay, refer to section 10.2
display. The relay output can be used to indicate an alarm state or to control external actions. The
relay can be set to either NO (Normally Open) or NC (Normally Closed) with a 2‐ way RS485
command (depending on the compatibility requirements of connected equipment). The relay can be
forced on or off via the 2‐way for testing connected equipment.
6.3.3 Trigger
Peak Hold and Valley Hold can be Reset by shorting the Trigger input (labeled TRIG) to Ground
(labeled GND) for a minimum of 10 msec. This can be done either with a momentary switch or a relay.
Both Peak Hold and Valley Hold have to be set to 300.0 seconds to recognize this Reset. The Reset
signal will cause the peak or valley reading that the sensor is holding to change immediately to the
current target temperature.
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Operation
6.4 Factory Defaults
To globally reset the unit to its factory default settings, press the c and d buttons at the same time for
approximately 2 seconds. The baud rate will not change from the last value when this is done.
Parameter
Display mode
Emissivity
Slope
FA (1-color unit)
FR (2-color unit)
°C, TEMP- Display
2C, °C, TEMP- Display
1.00
1.00
-
1.000
PKH
0.0 s
0.0 s
AVG
0.0 s
0.0 s
VAL
0.0 s
-
Baud rate
Relay alarm output
Current Output
38400
38400
controlled by unit
4 – 20 mA
controlled by unit
4 – 20 mA
Temperature setting for 4 mA FA1A:
475°C (887°F)
800°C (1472°F)
1200°C (2192°F)
750°C (1382°F)
250°C (482°F)
400°C (752°F)
FR1A:
FR1B:
FR1C:
500°C (932°F)
700°C (1290°F)
1000°C (1830°F)
FA1B:
FA1C:
FA1G:
FA2A:
FA2B:
Temperature setting for 20 mA FA1A:
900°C (1652°F)
1900°C (3452°F)
3000°C (5432°F)
1675°C (3047°F)
800°C (1472°F)
1700°C (3092°F)
FR1A:
FR1B:
FR1C:
1100°C (2012°F)
1500°C (2732°F)
2500°C (4532°F)
FA1B:
FA1C:
FA1G:
FA2A:
FA2B:
Panel Control
unlocked
4-wire, non multidrop
Burst-Modus
unlocked
Serial Communication
Transfer modus RS485
4-wire, non multidrop
Burst-Modus
Output string
(RS485)
UTEI = temperature unit, 1C temperature, UTEI = temperature unit, 2C temperature,
emissivity, internal temperature emissivity, internal temperature
Figure 28: Factory Defaults
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Options
7 Options
Options are items that are factory installed and must be specified at time of order. The following are
available:
•
•
•
•
•
Fiber optic cable lengths: 1, 3, 6, 10 m (3, 10, 20, 33 ft), 22 m (72 ft) for selected models
ISO Calibration Certificate, based on NIST/DKD certified probes (XXXFR1CERT)
High Temperature Fiber Cable (…H), rated to 315°C (600°F), not available on FA2 models
Laser Sighting (…L) only on FA1A/FA2A and FR1A/FR1B models
Cooling Platform for Electronics Housing (...W)
The High Temperature Fiber Cable excludes Viton coating and IP65 (NEMA‐4) rating!
7.1 Cooling Platform for Electronics Housing
The cooling platform for the electronics housing can be used for ambient temperatures up to 150°C
(302°F). For an efficient cooling a water flow of 2 l (0.53 gallons) per minute is recommended at a
water temperature of 16°C (61°F).
Mounting hole: Ø 5 mm (0.188); max. fastener head: 8 mm (0.31)
Figure 30: Cooling Platform for Electronics Housing
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Accessories
8 Accessories
8.1 Overview
A full range of accessories for various applications and industrial environments are available.
Accessories include items that may be ordered at any time and added on‐site. These include the
following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Air Purge Collar with protection tube for optical head (XXXFOHAPA)
Protection Tube (XXXFOSTCA)
RS232/485 Interface Converter (XXX485CV…)
Industrial Power Supply (XXXSYSPS)
Terminal Block (XXX2CTB)
Terminal Block including 24 VDC power supply and NEMA‐4 (IP 65) rated housing
(RAYMAPB)
•
High intensity aiming light 150 W, (XXXHIALFA1: 110 VAC powered, XXXHIALFA2:
230 VAC powered)
2 x Mounting nuts
Optical head
Adjustable mounting
bracket
Air purge collar
Table 3: Accessories (selection)
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Accessories
8.2 Air Purge Collar
The Air Purge Collar accessory is used to keep dust, moisture, airborne particles, and vapors away
from the optical headʹs lens. It can be installed before or after the bracket. It must be screwed in fully.
Air flows into the 1/8” NPT fitting and out the front aperture. Air flow should be a maximum of 0.5 ‐
1.5 liters/sec (1 ‐ 3 cfm). Clean (filtered) or “instrument” air is recommended to avoid contaminants
from settling on the lens. Do not use chilled air below 10°C (50°F). Also provided is a stainless steel
protection tube, 150 mm (6 inches) long by 25 mm (1 inch) diameter that threads onto the front of the
air purge collar.
Figure 31: Air Purge Collar and Protection Tube (XXXFOHAPA)
8.3 Protection Tube
The protection tube is available as an accessory. It is 305 mm (12 in.) long and 32 mm (1.26 in.) in
diameter and comes with ¾” NPT external thread at one end. The optical head is threaded with the
protection tube. The use of the air purge collar in the same time is possible.
Figure 32: Protection Tube for Optical Head
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Accessories
8.4 Fitting System
Flexible accessory selections allow you to pick and choose the accessories you need.
Item 1
Stainless steel air purge with quick release fitting
and Sapphire window
Air connector: ¼“ NPT
Item 2
Stainless steel tube 203 mm (8 in)
Item 3
Stainless steel 4-bolt mounting flange
Item 4
Stainless steel gravity-held mounting base
Figure 33: Flexible Fitting System
Part number
XXXFORFQP
XXXFORFAP
XXXFORFMF
XXXFORFMC
Description
Item 1
Item 1 + Item 2
Item 1 + Item 2 + Item 3
Item 1 + Item 2 + Item 4
Figure 34: Dimension for 4‐Bolt Mounting Flange
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Accessories
8.5 RS232/485 Interface Converter
The RS232/485 interface converters have built‐in smart switching and have been designed to be fast,
allowing for use in either 2‐wire or 4‐wire mode, in either multi‐drop or stand‐alone mode. The
RS232/485 interface converter is required for multi‐drop communications.
Do not use other commercially available converters, they do not have the necessary
features!
Order number
Model
25 pin to terminal strip interface converter, recommended for direct
wiring between a serial interface and the terminal block
XXX485CVT
XXX485CVT1
XXX485CVT2
XXX485CV
XXX485CVT with 110 VAC power adapter
XXX485CVT with 230 VAC power adapter
25 pin to 25 pin interface converter
XXX485CV1
XXX485CV2
XXX485CV with 110 VAC power adapter
XXX485CV with 230 VAC power adapter
Table 4: Available RS232/485 Interface Converters
For more information regarding the wiring of the RS232/485 interface converter, see section 5.6
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Accessories
8.6 Industrial Power Supply
The DIN‐rail mount industrial power supply transforms an input voltage of 85 – 264 VAC into an
output voltage of 24 VDC / 1.25 A. The power supply provides short circuit and overload protection.
To prevent electrical shocks, the power supply must be used in protected environments
(cabinets)!
Technical data:
Protection class
class II as per IEC/EN 61140
IP20
‐25°C to 70°C (‐13°F to 158°F)
L, N
Environmental protection
Operating temperature range
AC Input
wire size: 0.5 to 2 mm² (AWG 24 to 12)
+ ‒
DC Output
wire size: 0.5 to 2 mm² (AWG 24 to 12)
Figure 35: Dimension of Industrial Power Supply
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Programming Guide
9 Programming Guide
This section explains the sensor’s communication protocol. Use them when writing custom programs
for your applications or when communicating with your sensor with a terminal program.
9.1 Remote versus Manual Considerations
Since the sensor includes a local user interface, the possibility exists for a person to make manual
changes to parameter settings. To resolve conflicts between inputs to the sensor, it observes the
following rules:
•
•
•
Command precedence: the most recent parameter change is valid, whether originating from
manual or remote.
If a manual parameter change is made, the sensor will transmit a “notification” string to the
host. (Notification strings are suppressed in multidrop mode.)
A manual lockout command is available in the protocols set so the host can render the user
interface “display only,” if desired.
All parameters set via the 2‐way interface are retained in the sensor’s nonvolatile memory.
When a unit is placed in multidrop mode its manual user interface is automatically
locked! It can be unlocked with the command XXXJ=U <CR>, where XXX is the
multidrop address.
9.2 Command Structure
Protocols are the set of commands that define all possible communications with the sensor. The
commands are described in the following sections along with their associated ASCII command
characters and related message format information. Types of commands include the following:
1. A request for the current value of a parameter
2. A change in the setting of a parameter
3. Defining the information contents of a string (either continuously output or periodically
polled at the option of the user)
The sensor will respond to every command with either an “acknowledge” or a “not acknowledge”
string. Acknowledge strings begin with the exclamation mark ! and are either verification of a set
command or a parameter value. If the unit is in multidrop mode the 3‐digit address can be sent out
before the exclamation mark.
For a change in the setting of a parameter, the range of possible setting values is defined, and, if the
host inputs a value outside the allowed range, an appropriate “error” response character shall be
transmitted back by the sensor.
All commands must be entered in upper case (capital) letters. Also note that leading
and trailing zeros are necessary!
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Programming Guide
Example: Send E=0.90 instead of E=0.9; send P=001.2 instead of P=1.2
After transmitting one command, the host has to wait for the response from the unit before sending
another. A response from the sensor is guaranteed within 4 seconds in Poll mode and 8 seconds in
Burst mode at 300 baud. The response is faster at higher baud rates.
An asterisk * will be transmitted back to the host in the event of an “illegal” instruction. An illegal
instruction is considered to be one of the following:
•
•
•
•
Any non‐used or non‐allowed character (unknown command)
An “out‐of‐range” parameter value
A value entered in the incorrect format (syntax error)
Lower case character(s) entered (all characters must be upper case)
9.3 Transfer Modes
The protocol allows the use of two different modes: the Poll Mode and the Burst Mode
9.3.1 Poll Mode
The current value of any individual parameter can be requested by the host. The unit responds once
with the value at the selected baud rate. Additionally, the user‐defined output string can be polled.
9.3.2 Burst Mode
The unit transmits the user‐defined output string (continuously, at the selected baud rate), which may
contain all of the parameters. Parameters may also be polled for while the instrument is in burst mode.
The poll string will be inserted in the burst‐mode stream.
The sensor transmits the parameters in a fixed order, regardless of the order in which they are
specified. This order is as follows:
1. Temperature unit
2. Target temperature
3. Power
4. Emissivity
5. Peak hold time
6. Average time
7. Mode (Setup/Fast)
8. Internal temperature
9. Temperature setting for 20 mA
10. Temperature setting for 0 mA / 4 mA
11. Output current (specified values, in mA, or controlled by sensor)
12. Multidrop address
13. Trigger status
14. Multidrop address
15. Initialization flag
The following items cannot be placed in the burst output string:
•
•
•
Poll/Burst Mode
Baud rate
Manual Lockout/Unlock
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Programming Guide
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sensor Model Type
Sensor Serial Number
Relay Control
Laser status
Setpoints
Deadband
Current Output Mode (0 ‐ 20 mA or 4 ‐ 20 mA)
The following items cannot be polled:
•
•
•
•
Poll/Burst Mode
Baud rate
Relay control
Set current output
An example string for command $=UTQEGH<CR>
The default string is as follows: C T1250 Q0400.023 E1.00 G005.5 H1400 <CR><LF>
9.4 Response Time in Setup Mode
The analog output response time is not guaranteed while a parameter value is being changed or if
there is a continuous stream of commands from the host.
The digital response time specifies how quickly the unit can report a temperature change via RS485 in
burst mode. (Digital response time is not defined for polled mode.) The digital response time is
defined as the time that elapses between a change in target temperature and the transmission of a
burst string reporting the new temperature. Actual digital response time can vary from one reading to
the next, so the digital response time is defined as the “average digital response time.”
The average digital response time depends on the number of characters requested in the output string
and with the baud rate. It may be computed as the following:
n ⋅15000
t = 9.9 +
b
where:
t = average response time in ms
n = the number of characters in the string including <CR> and <LF>
b = the baud rate
Example:
With a baud rate of 38400, and an output string containing temperature units, 2‐color temperature and
ambient (20 characters), the average digital response time would be the following:
20⋅15000
38400
t = 9.9 +
= 17.7ms
Note that the analog output response time is not affected by baud rate or the number of characters
transmitted in the burst string.
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Programming Guide
9.5 Command List
In depending from the specific commands, the following characters are used:
? ... host (e.g. PC) requests for a parameter value of the unit
! ... unit acknowledges a valid parameter request and responses with the parameter value
= ... host forces the unit to set a certain parameter
# ... unit informs the host, a parameter was set on the control panel manually
* ... unit’s error response
Description
Char
Format (2) P (1) B (1) S (1) N (1) Legal Values
Factory Default
UTSI
Burst string format
$
(3)
√
√
√
√
(3)
Ambient radiation correction
(FA only)
A
nnnn
0000-3000°C
0000
Measured attenuation
Advanced Hold Threshold
Baud rate (5)
B
C
D
nn
√
√
√
0 to 99
nnnn
nnn
√
√
0000-3000°C
003=300 baud
012=1200 baud
024=2400 baud
096=9600 baud
192=19200 baud
384=38400 baud
0.10-1.00
0000 = no advanced hold
38400
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Emissivity
E
F
G
H
I
n.nn
nnn.n
nnn.n
nnnn
nnn
X
√
√
√
√
√
1.00
Valley hold time (FA only)
Average time (4)
√
√
√
√
√
000.0-300.0 s
000.0
Top of mA range
0000-9999 (°C/°F)
High end of sensor range
Sensor internal ambient
Switch panel lock
J
√
√
L = locked, U = unlocked
unlocked
2
Relay alarm output control
K
n
0 = off
1 = on
2 = normally open
3 = normally closed
Bottom of mA range
Mode (FR only)
L
nnnn
n
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
0000-9999 (°C/°F)
(6)
2
M
N
√
√
1 = 1-color, 2 = 2-color
Target temperature
1-color (FR only)
nnnn
Output current
O
nn
√
√
00 = controlled by unit
02 = under range
00
21 = over range
00-20 = current in mA
Peak hold time (4)
P
nnn.n
√
√
√
√
000.0-300.0 s
0000.0
Table 5: Command List
(1) P = Poll Mode (Request for a parameters), B = Burst Mode (continuous sending of parameters in the burst string), S = Set
(Command for setting a parameters), N = Notification (Acknowledgment for setting a parameter)
(2) n = number, X = uppercase letter
(4) Setting peak hold cancels average, and vice‐versa. 300.0 means reset only with external trigger
(5) The sensor restarts after a baud rate change.
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Description
Char
Format (2)
P
B
S
N
Legal Values
Factory Default
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Wide Power
Q
R
S
T
nnnn.nnn
nnnn.nnn
n.nnn
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
0000.000-9999.999
0000.000-9999.999
0.850-1.150
Narrow Power (FR only)
Slope (FR only)
√
√
√
1.000
Target temperature
FR series: 2-color
nnnn
(4)
Temperature unit
Poll/Burst mode
U
V
X
√
√
√
√
√
√
C or F
USA: F, Foreign: C
Burst
X
P = Poll, B = Burst
(4)
Target temperature
W
nnnn
FR series: 2-color wide
Burst string contents (5)
Multidrop address
Low temperature limit
Deadband (6)
X$
XA
XB
XD
XE
XF
XH
XI
√
√
√
√
√
nnn
nnnn
nn
√
√
000 to 032
000
0000-9999 (4)
01 - 55 in °C
0000-5555°C
set at factory calibration
√
√
√
02
Decay rate
nnnn
0000
Restore factory defaults (8)
High temperature limit
Sensor initialization
√
nnnn
n
√
√
0000-9999 (4)
set at factory calibration
1
√
√
√
√
√
0 = Flag reset
1 = Flag set
Laser (optional)
XL
X
√
0 = off, 1 = on
0
H = overheat (off)
N = no laser built in
Sensor model type
Output current
XM
XO
XP
XR
XS
XT
XU
XV
XY
Y
X
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
A, B, C
set at factory calibration
n
√
√
0=0 - 20 mA, 4=4 - 20 mA
0000 to 5432 (11)
4
Second setpoint
Sensor revision
nnnn
Xn
nnnn
n
0000
set at factory calibration
0000
Setpoint / relay function
Trigger
√
0000 to 5432 (9)
√
√
XT0=inactive, XT1= active
Identify unit
!XUFR1A
Sensor serial number
Hysteresis Advanced Hold
Xnnnnnn
nnnn
set at factory calibration
√
√
0000-3000°C
0 to 95%
0002
95%
Attenuation to activate relay (10)
(FR only)
nn
√
√
Attenuation for failsafe (FR only)
Z
nn
√
√
0 to 99%
95%
Table 6: Command List (continued)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
in current scale (°C or °F)
no effect if relay in alarm mode
N = no laser built in
Note that this command has a special effect on the “Bottom of mA range” parameter, as noted above in (6)
0000 places unit in alarm mode. Non‐zero setpoint value puts unit in Setpoint mode. Setpoint is in current scale (°C or °F).
Must be within unit’s temperature range.
(10) Relay goes to abnormal, display and analog out continue to provide temperature.
(11) XP = 000 means only 1 setpoint or no setpoint is used. XS <> 0000 and XP <> 0000 means 2 setpoints are used. (XS defines
the first setpoint. XP defines the second setpoint.)
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Programming Guide
9.6 Command Examples
HOST
SENSOR
Answer
HOST
SENSOR
WHERE USED (1)
Description
Query ꢀ
001?$
001?
Set ꢀ
Notification
P
√
√
√
B
S
N
Burst string format
Show list of commands
Measured attenuation
Baud rate
001!$UTSI
001$=UTSI
√
001?B
001!B12
√
001!D384
001!E0.95
001!G001.2
001!H2000
001!I028
001D=384
001E=0.95
001G=001.2
001H=2000
√
√
√
√
Emissivity
001?E
001?G
001?H
001?I
001#E0.95
001#G001.2
001#H2000
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Average time
Top of mA range
Sensor internal ambient
Switch panel lock
Relay alarm output control
Bottom of mA range
Mode – FR series
Target temperature, 1-color narrow
Output current
001?J
001!IJL
001J=L
√
√
√
√
001!K0
001K=0
001?L
001?M
001?N
001!L1200
001!M1
001L=1200
001M=1
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
001#M1
√
√
001!N1158
001!O10
001O=10
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Peak hold time
001?P
001?Q
001?R
001?S
001?T
001?U
001!P005.6
001!Q0036.102
001!R0002.890
001!S0.850
001!T1225
001!UC
001P=005.6
001#P005.6
Power
Narrow Power
Slope
001S=0.850
001#S0.850
001#UC
√
√
√
Target temperature, 2-color (FR only)
Temperature units
Poll/Burst mode
001U=C
001V=P
√
√
001!VP
Target temperature, 1-color wide
Burst string contents
Multidrop address
Low temperature limit
Deadband
001?W
001?X$
001?XA
001?XB
001?XD
001!W1210
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
001!XA013
001!XB
001XA=013
√
001!XD12
001!XF
001XD=12
XF
√
√
Restore factory defaults
High temperature limit
Sensor initialization
Laser
001#XF
√
001?XH
001?XI
001?XL
001?XM
001?XO
001?XP
001?XR
001?XS
001?XT
001?XU
001?XV
001?Y
001!XH1400
001!XI0
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
001XI=0
001XL=1
001#XI
√
√
√
√
√
001!XL1
001#XL1
Sensor model type
0-20 mA or 4 - 20 mA analog output
Second setpoint
001!XR
001!XO4
001XO=4
√
√
001!XP1234
001!XRF1
001!XS1234
001!XT0
001XP=1234
Sensor revision
Setpoint / relay function
Trigger
001XS=1234
√
001#XT0
√
√
Identify unit
001!XUFR1
001!XVA099901
001!Y95
Sensor serial number
Attenuation to activate relay
Attenuation for failsafe
001Y=95
001Z=99
√
√
√
√
001?Z
001!Z99
Table 7: Command Examples
(1)
P = Poll Mode (Request for a parameters), B = Burst Mode (continuous sending of parameters in the burst string), S = Set
(Command for setting a parameters), N = Notification (Acknowledgment for setting a parameter)
The given examples are related to a unit in a network addressed with address 001. Stand‐alone
units are requested without having an address information in the command.
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Maintenance
10 Maintenance
Our sales representatives and customer service are always at your disposal for questions regarding
application assistance, calibration, repair, and solutions to specific problems. Please contact your local
sales representative if you need assistance. In many cases, problems can be solved over the telephone.
If you need to return equipment for servicing, calibration, or repair, please contact our Service
Department before shipping. Phone numbers are listed at the beginning of this document.
10.1 Troubleshooting Minor Problems
Symptom
Probable Cause
Solution
No output
No power to instrument
Check the power supply
Verify cable continuity
Remove the obstruction
Clean the lens
Erroneous temperature Faulty sensor cable
Erroneous temperature Field of view obstruction
Erroneous temperature Window lens
Erroneous temperature Wrong slope or emissivity
Temperature fluctuates Wrong signal processing
Correct the setting
Correct Peak/Valley Hold or Average settings
Table 8: Troubleshooting
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Maintenance
10.2 Fail‐Safe Operation
The Fail‐Safe system is designed to alert the operator and provide a safe output in case of any system
failure. Basically, it is designed to shutdown the process in the event of a set‐up error, system error, or
a failure in the sensor electronics.
The Fail‐Safe circuit should never be relied on exclusively to protect critical heating
processes. Other safety devices should also be used to supplement this function!
When an error or failure does occur, the display indicates the possible failure area, and the output
circuits automatically adjust to their lowest or highest preset level. The following table shows the
values displayed on the LED display and transmitted over the 2‐way interface.
Symptom
Error Code Priority
Heater control temperature over range ECHH
Heater control temperature under range ECUU
1 (high)
2
Internal temperature over range
Internal temperature under range
Temperature under range
EIHH
EIUU
EUUU
EHHH
3
4
5
Temperature over range
6 (low)
Table 9: Error Codes in 1‐Color Mode (FA models)
Condition
2-Color
1-Color
1-Color*
Priority
(wide band)** (narrow band)**
Heater control temperature over range
ECHH
ECHH
ECUU
EIHH
ECHH
1 (high)
Heater control temperature under range ECUU
ECUU
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Internal temperature over range
Internal temperature under range
Wide band detector failure
Narrow band detector failure
Energy too low
EIHH
EIHH
EIUU
EIUU
EIUU
EHHH
EHHH
EUUU
EAAA
EHHH
<temperature>
<temperature> EHHH
<temperature> <temperature>
<temperature> <temperature>
Attenuation too high (>98%)
Attenuation too high >95%
("dirty lens", relay will go to “alarm” state)
<temperature> <temperature> <temperature>
2-color temperature under range
2-color temperature over range
EUUU
EHHH
<temperature> <temperature> 10
<temperature> <temperature> 11
1-color temperature (wide) under range
1-color temperature (wide) over range
<temperature> EUUU
<temperature> EHHH
<temperature> 12
<temperature> 13
1-color temperature (narrow) under range <temperature> <temperature> EUUU
1-color temperature (narrow) over range <temperature> <temperature> EHHH
14
15 (low)
* only available through RS485
** Wide and narrow band stands for the first and the second wavelength in 2-color mode
Table 10: Error Codes in 2‐Color Mode (FR models)
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Maintenance
The relay is controlled by the temperature selected on the display. If any failsafe code appears on the
display, the relay changes to the “abnormal” state. The exception is the “dirty window” condition.
This causes the relay to change state, leaving a normal numerical temperature output. The dirty
window is detected in either 1‐color or 2‐color mode.
Error Code
no error
ECHH
ECUU
EIHH
0 – 20 mA Output
4 – 20 mA Output
according to temperature according to temperature
21 to 24 mA
0 mA
21 to 24 mA
2 to 3 mA
21 to 24 mA
0 mA
21 to 24 mA
2 to 3 mA
EIUU
EUUU
EHHH
EAAA
0 mA
2 to 3 mA
21 to 24 mA
0 mA
21 to 24 mA
2 to 3 mA
Table 11: Current Output Values in accordance to an Error
If two errors occur simultaneously, the higher priority error is the one that is presented on the LED’s
digital and analog outputs. For example, in 2‐color mode, if the internal ambient is too high and the
attenuation is too high, the unit outputs EIHH on the LED’s and digital output and 21 mA on the
analog output. However, since 2‐color wide band and narrow band temperatures may all be
presented simultaneously through RS485, their over and under range conditions are independent.
Examples of failsafe conditions:
1. One‐color temperature is selected for display on the LED’s. Two‐color temperature is
transmitted in burst mode. Wide band temperature is under range. Two‐color temperature is
999°C.
Outputs:
Display:
RS485:
Analog:
Relay:
EUUU
C T0999
2 to 3 mA
abnormal state
2. Two‐color temperature is selected for display on LED’s. All three temperatures are
transmitted in burst mode. Two‐color temperature is 1021°C. Wide band temperature is
703°C. Narrow band temperature is 685°C. Attenuation is above 95%, the “dirty window”
threshold.
Outputs:
Display:
RS485:
Analog:
Relay:
1021
C T1021 W0703 N0685
scaled to temperature, between 4 and 20 mA
abnormal state
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Maintenance
10.3 Cleaning the Lens
Keep the lens clean at all times. Any foreign matter on the window will affect 1‐color measurement
accuracy and may affect two‐color accuracy. However, care should be taken when cleaning the lens.
To clean the window, do the following:
1. Lightly blow off loose particles with “canned” air (used for cleaning computer equipment) or
a small squeeze bellows (used for cleaning camera lenses).
2. Gently brush off any remaining particles with a soft camel hair brush or a soft lens tissue
(available from camera supply stores).
3. Clean remaining “dirt” using a cotton swab or soft lens tissue dampened in distilled water.
Do not scratch the surface.
For finger prints or other grease, use any of the following:
•
•
Denatured alcohol
Ethanol
Apply one of the above to the lens. Wipe gently with a soft, clean cloth until you see colors on the
surface, then allow to air dry. Do not wipe the surface dry, this may scratch the surface.
If silicones (used in hand creams) get on the window, gently wipe the surface with Hexane. Allow to
air dry.
Do not use any ammonia or any cleaners containing ammonia to clean the lens. This
may result in permanent damage to the lens’ surface!
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Maintenance
10.4 Replacing the Fiber Optic Cable
FA fiber cable assemblies are not field ʺreplaceableʺ without blackbody recalibration!
As such, spare FA fiber cable assemblies are not available!
If the fiber optic cable ever needs to be removed or replaced, it can be removed from both the optical
head and electronics enclosure without demounting them from their brackets.
Please be aware of the following when removing or installing cables:
•
Make sure cable connectors at the sensing head and electronics enclosure are clean before
removing and/or replacing the fiber optic cable.
•
Replacement fiber optic cables of the same length can be recalibrated in the field by using the
supplied Fiber Replacement Calibration software. Replacement fiber optic cables of different
lengths require recalibration at the factory, or at a factory‐authorized service center. Contact
your sales representative for details.
Always clean the area around the fiber optic cable connectors before disconnecting. If any
contaminants get into the open connectors, the sensor’s accuracy will be compromised. After
removing the cable, or before installing a new cable, the ends must be protected at all times until
connected to the sensing head and electronics enclosure. Cables are shipped with protective end caps.
Always save these caps for use whenever the fiber optic cable must be disconnected. Any
contamination to the fiber optic cable ends will degrade performance. To replace the fiber optic cable,
you will need to disconnect it from both the optical head and the electronics enclosure. The following
instructions will guide you through the process.
10.4.1 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable
10.4.1.1 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable from the Optical Head
Complete the following steps to disconnect the fiber optic cable from the optical head:
1. Thoroughly clean the area around the optical head.
2. Insert a 1.3 mm (0.050”) hex wrench into the optical head’s hex screw and turn counter
clockwise until the cable is loose.
3. Draw the fiber optic cable out of the optical head.
4. Important – If you plan to reconnect the same cable, immediately cover the end with a slip‐on
end cap to prevent contamination. Do not use any adhesive tape over the cable end.
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Maintenance
Turn 1.3 mm (0.050“) hex
wrench counter clockwise
until cable is loose
Put cable out
Figure 36: Removing the Fiber optic Cable from the Optical Head
10.4.1.2 Removing the Fiber Optic Cable from the Electronics Housing
Complete the following steps to disconnect the fiber optic cable from the electronics housing:
1. First loosen the cable connecting sleeve.
2. Loosen the cable receptacle screw to release the cable.
3. Pull cable from electronics enclosure, and immediately place a protective cap over the end of
the fiber optic cable. Do not use adhesive tape on the cable end.
First loosen cable
connecting sleeve
Then loosen screw and pull
cable from coupling.
Figure 37: Removing the Fiber optic Cable from the Electronics Housing
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Maintenance
10.4.2 Mounting the Fiber Optic Cable
10.4.2.1 Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Optical Head
Complete the following steps to attach the fiber optic cable to the optical head:
1. The fiber optic cable ferrule has a key slot on its surface. Insert the ferrule into the rear of the
optical head. Turn the head until the key on the ferrule’s key slot engages the key pin inside
the head.
2. Make sure cable is pushed in all the way before tightening hex screw! Tighten the hex screw
with the 1.3 mm (0.050”) hex wrench until snug. Do not over tighten!
Key pin inside
Key slot
Figure 38: Attaching the Fiber optic Cable to the Optical Head
10.4.2.2 Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Electronics Housing
Complete the following steps to attach the fiber optic cable to the electronics housing:
1. Insert the tip of the fiber optic cable into the mating receptacle on the electronics enclosure.
The cable ferrule is keyed and can go in only one way.
3. Tighten the screw (finger tighten only) on the mating receptacle.
4. Tighten the cable’s compression fitting.
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Maintenance
Tighten only after securing connecting sleeve
Note keyed connecting sleeve (can be
inserted only one way - slot must face mode
switches)
Push connecting sleeve in until it stops,
approx. 15 mm (0.6 in)
Tighten screw (finger tighten only)
Figure 39: Attaching the Fiber Optic Cable to the Electronics Housing
10.4.3 Fiber Calibration
Each replacement fiber optic cable is calibrated at the factory before shipping. The calibration
constants are sent along with a label mounted on the cable. So you have to enter them into the
appropriate Fiber Calibration software program. This program sends the new calibration constants,
through the RS485 connection, to the sensor’s electronics.
The Fiber Calibration program comes with the other software programs you received. To run the
program and enter new cable calibration constants, complete the following:
1. The program can not be launched from the CD. Thus you have to copy the file
MARATHFC.EXE from the software CD to the hard disk of your computer, e.g. by means of
the Windows Explorer.
2. For launching the program you have to select the file and to push the <Enter> button.
3. In the following dialog you are requested to select the right COM port with the plugged unit.
For establishing the communication click on the <Done> button.
4. The main screen appears. Click on the <Fiber ID> button.
5. In the following dialog you are requested to input the calibration constants for the fiber cable.
The dialog must be closed with clicking on the <Finish> button.
6. The transmission of the new calibration constants to the unit is initialized by clicking on the
<Download Calibration Constants> button. Attention: Do not interrupt the data transmission!
7. The click on the <Exit> button completes the recalibration of the fiber cable.
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Maintenance
Figure 40: Dialog for the Calibration of the Fiber Cable
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Appendix
11 Appendix
11.1 Determination of Emissivity
Emissivity is a measure of an object’s ability to absorb and emit infrared energy. It can have a value
between 0 and 1.0. For example a mirror has an emissivity of 0.1, while the so‐called “Blackbody“
reaches an emissivity value of 1.0. If a higher than actual emissivity value is set, the output will read
low, provided the target temperature is above its ambient temperature. For example, if you have set
0.95 and the actual emissivity is 0.9, the temperature reading will be lower than the true temperature.
An object’s emissivity can be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Determine the actual temperature of the material using an RTD (PT100), a thermocouple, or any
other suitable method. Next, measure the object’s temperature and adjust emissivity setting until
the correct temperature value is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured material.
2. If possible, apply flat black paint to a portion of the surface of the object. The emissivity of the
paint must be above 0.98. Next, measure the temperature of the painted area using an emissivity
setting of 0.98. Finally, measure the temperature of an adjacent area on the object and adjust the
emissivity until the same temperature is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured
material.
11.2 Typical Emissivity Values
The following table provides a brief reference guide for determining emissivity and can be used when
one of the above methods is not practical. Emissivity values shown in the table are only approximate,
since several parameters may affect the emissivity of a material. These include the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Temperature
Angle of measurement
Geometry (plane, concave, convex)
Thickness
Surface quality (polished, rough, oxidized, sandblasted)
Spectral range of measurement
Transmissivity (e.g. thin films plastics)
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Appendix
EMISSIVITY AT 1 µM FOR METALS
Aluminum
unoxidized
Iron, cast
oxidized
0.1-0.2
0.4
0.9
oxidized
unoxidized
molten
0.35
roughened
polished
0.2-0.8
0.1-0.2
0.35
Magnesium
0.3-0.8
Brass
Molybdenum
oxidized
polished
0.35
0.65
0.4
0.5-0.9
0.25-0.35
0.3
Burnished
unoxidized
Monel (Ni-Cu)
Nickel
Chromium
Copper
polished
0.05
oxidized
0.8-0.9
0.2-0.4
0.04
roughened
oxidized
0.05-0.2
0.2-0.8
0.3
electrolytic
Silver
Gold
Steel
Haynes
Alloy
cold rolled
0.8-0.9
0.35
0.5-0.9
polished sheet
Inconel
molten
oxidized
stainless
Tin (unoxidized)
Titan
0.35
oxidized
0.4-0.9
0.3-0.4
0.2-0.5
0.8-0.9
0.35
sandblasted
electropolished
0.25
Iron
oxidized
unoxidized
rusted
0.7-0.9
0.35
polished
Zinc
0.5-0.75
0.35
oxidized
polished
0.6
0.5
Table 12: Typical Emissivity Values (Metals)
EMISSIVITY AT 1 µM FOR NON-METALS
Asbestos
Ceramic
Concrete
Carbon
0.9
0.4
0.65
unoxidized
Graphite
0.8-0.95
0.8-0.9
Table 13: Typical Emissivity Values (Non‐Metals)
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Appendix
11.3 Typical Slopes
The following slope settings are approximate and will vary depending on the metal alloy and surface
finish, as well as the application. These are supplied here as examples.
Set the slope to approximately 1.000 for measuring the following metals with oxidized surfaces:
• Stainless Steel • Cobalt
• Iron • Nickel
• Steel
Set the slope to approximately 1.060 for measuring the following metals with smooth, clean,
unoxidized surfaces:
• Iron
• Nickel
• Tantalum
• Tungsten
• Stainless Steel • Rhodium
• Cobalt
• Molybdenum
• Steel
• Platinum
Molten iron also has an approximate slope setting of 1.060.
How to determine slope?
The most effective way to determine and adjust the slope is to take the temperature of the material
using a probe sensor such as an RTD, thermocouple, or other suitable method. Once you determine
the actual temperature, adjust the slope setting until the sensor’s temperature reads the same as the
actual temperature reading. This is the correct slope for the measured material.
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Appendix
11.4 Signal Reduction (FR Models)
The following figures show each sensor model’s typical percentage of allowed signal reduction at all
temperatures. Refer to these graphs to estimate what percentage of target area must be visible to the
sensor at temperatures below the minimum temperature (95% attenuation).
Target Temperature
Figure 41: Typical Percentage of Allowed Signal Reduction (FR1A Models)
Target Temperature
Figure 42: Typical Percentage of Allowed Signal Reduction (FR1B Models)
Target Temperature
Figure 43: Typical Percentage of Allowed Signal Reduction (FR1C Models)
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Appendix
11.5 Attenuation Influence on Accuracy
The ability of the FR ratio instruments to accurately measure the temperature of targets smaller than
the field‐of‐view (FOV) is a key feature. As the target size becomes smaller than the FOV (thus
attenuating the signal) this may cause a slight inaccuracy in the reading. The following figure presents
typical measured data for an FR1C unit showing how this degradation in reading accuracy depends
upon both the amount of geometrical attenuation and the target temperature. Notice that the worst
inaccuracies occur at the highest target temperatures and the highest attenuations.
The worst inaccuracy (at the highest temperature and the highest geometrical attenuation) is the value
guaranteed in our specifications. However, notice that the accuracy of the instrument is approximately
a factor of two or more better than our specification over the majority of the usable temperature and
attenuation combinations, i.e., for all geometrical attenuations less than approximately 80%! Thus, by
choosing the sensor‐to‐target distance properly so that the target fills at least 20% of the FOV
(attenuation < 80%) the sensor performance will be significantly improved.
Max
⏐UT⏐
±% Tabs
Target temperature [°C]
Geometrical Attenuation [%]
Figure 44: Maximum Error
1
Geometrical Attenuation (%) is defined as [1 ‐ (Small Target Signal / Target Signal when target fills FOV)] x 100. Thus, if the
signal from the target is only 30% of the value when the target fills the FOV, then the Geometrical Attenuation = [1 ‐ 0.3] x 100 =
70%.
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