Quantum Audio Network Card STT2401A User Guide

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STT2401A, STT3401A

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Travan 40 tape drive

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Product Manual

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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FCC Notice

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used properly—that is, in strict

accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions—may cause interference to radio communications or radio and

television reception. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance

with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such

interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular

installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by

turning the equipment on and off, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following

measures:

Reorient the receiving antenna.

Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver.

Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You

may find the booklet, How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems, prepared by the Federal

Communications Commission, helpful. This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Warning. Changes or modifications made to this equipment, which have not been expressly approved by Seagate,

may cause radio and television interference problems that could void the user’s authority to operate the

equipment.

Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus in accordance with Canadian Radio

Interference Regulations ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme a la norme NMB-003 du Canda.

Important Information About This Manual

Seagate provides this manual “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited

to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Seagate reserves the right to change,

without notification, the specifications contained in this manual.

Seagate assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any

problem that may arise from the use of the information in this manual.

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Table of Contents

Introduction

Drive overview..............................................................................................................1

Key features ..........................................................................................................1

Typical system configurations......................................................................................2

Minicartridge technology overview...............................................................................3

Flash EEPROM............................................................................................................4

References...................................................................................................................4

Specifications

Performance specifications..........................................................................................5

Recording Specifications .............................................................................................5

Physical specifications.................................................................................................6

Power supply specifications.........................................................................................7

Current and power requirements...........................................................................7

Power connector ...................................................................................................8

Environmental requirements........................................................................................8

Reliability......................................................................................................................9

Mean-Time-Between-Failures...............................................................................9

Mean-Time-To-Repair...........................................................................................9

Tape compatibility......................................................................................................10

Regulatory compliance ..............................................................................................10

Installation

Before you begin........................................................................................................11

Handling guidelines .............................................................................................11

Setting jumpers..........................................................................................................11

Installing the drive......................................................................................................13

Mounting dimensions.................................................................................................14

Drive operation and maintenance

Introduction ................................................................................................................16

Front panel LED.........................................................................................................16

Using Travan cartridges.............................................................................................17

Loading cartridges...............................................................................................17

Unloading cartridges ...........................................................................................17

Emergency cartridge removal .............................................................................18

Forcing cartridge ejection .............................................................................18

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Table of Contents

Manual ejection.............................................................................................18

Setting the write-protect switch ...........................................................................19

Drive maintenance.....................................................................................................20

Caring for tape cartridges....................................................................................20

Cleaning the drive read/write head......................................................................20

Troubleshooting.........................................................................................................21

Initial checks........................................................................................................21

No drive response, front panel LED does not light..............................................21

Front panel LED blinks rapidly following power-up self-test................................21

Drive does not come ready .................................................................................22

Motor starts to drive cartridge but stops immediately..........................................22

Drive will not write but will read previously written tapes.....................................22

Tape does not stream .........................................................................................22

Drive not seen during boot-up.............................................................................23

Drive not seen by OS after boot-up.....................................................................23

Tape won’t load...................................................................................................23

Back-up program “freezes” or “locks up” ............................................................23

“Bad blocks,” media errors, etc...........................................................................24

Slow backups......................................................................................................24

Tape won’t eject..................................................................................................24

“Incompatible format,” “Won’t write on this tape”................................................24

Loading revised firmware via Seagate firmware cartridge.........................................25

ATAPI interface

Introduction................................................................................................................27

ATA-2 Interface pin assignments ..............................................................................27

ATAPI commands......................................................................................................28

Specification compliance...........................................................................................29

ERASE (Group 0, Op. Code 19)................................................................................30

INQUIRY (Group 0, Op. Code 12).............................................................................31

LOAD/UNLOAD (Group 0, Op. Code 1B)..................................................................33

LOCATE (Group 1, Op. Code 2B).............................................................................35

LOG SELECT (Group 2, Code 4C) ...........................................................................36

LOG SENSE (Group 2, Op. Code 4D) ......................................................................37

Page 00h—Supported Log Page ........................................................................38

Page 03h—Error Counter for READ (ATAPI) .....................................................38

Page 03—Error Counter for READ definitions .............................................39

Page 2Eh—TapeAlert Diagnostic .......................................................................40

Page 31h—Tape Capacity Page.........................................................................45

Page 31h—Special Information ..........................................................................46

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Table of Contents

Page 31h—Special Information Definitions ..................................................46

Page 33h—Special Information in STT31401A mode ........................................47

Page 33h—Special Information Definitions ..................................................48

Page 3Eh—Report Check-Sum of FLASH-RAM (LOG SENSE only).................49

Page 3Eh—Report Check-Sum Definitions..................................................49

MODE SELECT (Group 0, Op. Code 15) ..................................................................51

CDB for MODE SELECT Command...................................................................51

MODE SENSE (Group 0, Op. Code 1A)....................................................................61

PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL (Group 0, Op. Code 1E)..............................66

READ (Group 0, Op. Code 08) ..................................................................................67

READ BUFFER (Group 1, Op. Code 3C)..................................................................69

READ POSITION (Group 1, Op. Code 34)................................................................71

REQUEST SENSE (Group 0, Op. Code 03) .............................................................73

Request Sense Keys...........................................................................................76

Sense Code (ASC) and ASC Qualifier Assignments ..........................................77

REWIND (Group 0, Op Code 01) ..............................................................................80

SEND DIAGNOSTIC (Group 0, Code 1D).................................................................81

SPACE (Group 0, Op. Code 11)................................................................................82

TEST UNIT READY (Group 0, Op Code 00).............................................................84

VERIFY (Group 0, Op. Code 13) ...............................................................................85

WRITE (Group 0, Op. Code 0A)................................................................................86

WRITE BUFFER (Group 1, Op. Code 3B) ................................................................87

WRITE FILEMARK (Group 0, Op. Code 10) .............................................................89

ATA Command Descriptions .....................................................................................91

CHECK POWER MODE (ATA Command E5) ..........................................................93

DEVICE RESET (ATA Command 08) .......................................................................94

EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC (ATA Command 90)...........................................95

IDENTIFY DEVICE (ATA Command EC)..................................................................97

IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE (ATA Command A1) ...................................................98

IDLE (ATA Command E3) .......................................................................................105

IDLE IMMEDIATE (ATA Command E1) ..................................................................106

NOP (ATA Command 00)........................................................................................107

PACKET (ATA Command A0).................................................................................108

SET FEATURES (ATA Command EF)....................................................................109

SLEEP (ATA Command E6)....................................................................................111

STANDBY (ATA Command E2) ..............................................................................112

STANDBY IMMEDIATE (ATA Command E0) .........................................................113

Travan 40 tape format

114

Introduction ..............................................................................................................114

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Table of Contents

Tape partitioning......................................................................................................114

Track positions ........................................................................................................114

Track numbering......................................................................................................115

Track format ............................................................................................................115

Frames..............................................................................................................115

Blocks................................................................................................................117

Tape reference servo pattern ..................................................................................117

Write equalization ....................................................................................................118

Randomization.........................................................................................................118

Theory of operations

119

Overview..................................................................................................................119

Block diagram..........................................................................................................119

Drive mechanisms...................................................................................................120

Mechanics.........................................................................................................120

Cartridge-load mechanism................................................................................120

Capstan/drive-motor assembly .........................................................................120

Chassis .............................................................................................................120

Control circuits.........................................................................................................120

Head design.............................................................................................................121

Flash EEPROM .......................................................................................................121

Sensors and switches..............................................................................................121

Drive media (Travan minicartridges) .......................................................................122

Glossary

123

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Introduction

Chapter 1

Introduction

Drive overview

The Seagate® STT3401A and STT2401A extend the Seagate family of one-inch

high Travan drives that feature high performance, high reliability, and quiet operation.

The drives transfer data at up to 120 megabytes per minute (Mbytes/min) without

compression.

With optimal system resources and compressible data structures, nominal transfer

rates of up to 240 Mbytes per minute can be obtained using software data

compression (assuming a 2:1 compression ratio). The compression ratio is

dependent on the specific system and the nature of the files being compressed.

These drives are internal devices, providing affordable storage in either 3.5-inch

(STT3401A) or half-high 5.25-inch (STT2401A) form factors, for easy installation in

today's computers.

Key features

Automated cartridge loading: When a cartridge is inserted into the drive, it is

automatically drawn into the drive mechanism. The cartridge is fully loaded within

the drive and does not extend beyond the front of the bezel during operation.

Pressing the Eject button causes the drive to unload the cartridge until it extends

out about one inch beyond the bezel.

Backward read-compatible with Industry Standard QIC-3220-MC Travan 5 Data

Format

Selectable sustained data transfer rate of 2.0 Mbytes per second (compressed)

or 1.22 Mbytes per second (native), to support various host systems

Auto-Throttle™ tape speed adjusts to sustain streaming operation with the Host

transfer rates.

ATAPI interface

Servo-burst-controlled high-resolution head positioning system

Available in either 3.5-inch, 1-inch high or 5.25-inch half-height form factors

Data integrity of less than 1 hard read error in 10¹⁷bits, with automatic retry

algorithm

8-Mbyte data buffer

High-speed, 110 inch-per-second tape rewind

EEPROM containing non-volatile option settings and diagnostic results

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Chapter 1

Introduction

With the availability of greater capacity disc drives and the growth of small networks,

the need for cost-effective, high-capacity storage has grown. The STT3401A is ideal

for standalone computers, workstations, and small networks.

Figure 1 shows the STT3401A 3.5-inch internal drive. Figure 2 shows the

STT2401A, which comes with brackets for mounting in 5.25-inch drive bays.

Figure 1

STT3401A 3.5-inch internal drive

Figure 2

STT2401A 5.25-inch internal drives

Typical system configurations

The Enhanced IDE standard supports up to four ATAPI peripherals: two devices on

the primary port and two devices on the secondary port. Of the two devices on each

port, one must be designated master and the other must be designated slave. Figure

3 on the following page shows sample configurations for two ATAPI systems.

Page 2

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Introduction

Chapter 1

Figure 3

Sample ATAPI configurations

Minicartridge technology overview

Having evolved from the original mass-storage medium—reel-to-reel, one-half-inch

tape storage—the minicartridge technology of today offers fast, efficient, high-

capacity storage in a compact, easily-removable hard-shell package. In little more

than a decade, storage capacities have increased from some 60 megabytes

(Mbytes) on 9 tracks (QIC-24, 1982) to the 40-Gbyte (compressed) capacity

achievable with a single Travan 40 cartridge.

The streaming-tape intelligence in the Travan drive provides a continuous tape

motion with an uninterrupted, precisely coordinated flow of data to and from the

minicartridge. This "streaming" motion combined with the "serpentine" recording

method is one element that contributes to the increased storage capacities,

efficiency, and speed of today's minicartridge technology.

Use of the "serpentine" recording method exploits the bi-directional capabilities of the

cartridge. With this method, the tape is not rewound at the end of a track. Instead,

the write-read heads are logically or mechanically switched to a different position on

the tape and another track is written or read in the reverse direction. That is, the

drive first records track 1 in one direction and when the end of the tape is reached,

the head is moved and the direction of tape motion is reversed to record track 2.

This serpentine process continues until the entire tape is recorded. The individual

tracks are sequential to minimize the amount of head motion as the heads change

position for each track.

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Chapter 1

Introduction

Flash EEPROM

The Seagate Travan drives incorporate leading-edge technology in the flash

EEPROM, which is useful should the drive's firmware need to be upgraded. With the

permanently installed, electrically upgradeable, flash EEPROM memory, revised

firmware for the drive can be loaded using a Seagate OEM firmware cartridge or

through the host IDE bus.

This feature enables qualified OEMs needing to revise the drive firmware to do so

rapidly and at a reduced cost. Flash EEPROM should also prolong the life cycle of a

drive because many new techniques—such as increasing the capacity of the drive

through support for longer tapes—may require only a firmware upgrade.

References

The following standards documents describe some of the technology incorporated in

the drives referenced in this manual.

QIC-170—Preformatted magnetic minicartridge

QIC-157—ATAPI command set for streaming tape

QIC-3220-MC—Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge (TR-5)

Travan 640 —Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge (Travan 40 or 40GB)

Tape Alert Specification 3.0

For more information about a particular QIC standard, contact Quarter-Inch

Cartridge Standards, Inc., c/o Freeman Associates, 311 East Carrillo Street, Santa

Barbara, California 93101.

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Specifications

Chapter 2

Specifications

Performance specifications

The following table lists the performance specifications for the Seagate STT2401A

and STT3401A tape drives.

Feature

Specification

20.0 Gbytes—Travan 40 cartridge (native)

(40.0 Gbytes, assuming 2:1 compression)

Capacity

up to 120 Mbytes per minute native;

Sustained backup rate

up to 240 Mbytes per minute with 2:1 compression

Tape speed

Read/Write

92 inches per second

(56 inches per second throttle-down speed)

110 inches per second

Fast Forward/Rewind

Load time

< 2 seconds (mechanical load)

<18 seconds to READY (from Beginning of Tape)

< 2 seconds (mechanical unload)

Unload time

<10 seconds (plus rewind time to Beginning of Tape)

Recording Specifications

Serpentine

Travan 640

Recording method

Recording format

Recording code

Head configuration

Recording media

Cartridge size

Data density

VRR

Wide write/narrow read

1650-Oe 750' Travan 40 or 40 Gbytes (20 Gbytes native)

3.2 in. × 2.4 in. × 0.4 in. (81 mm × 61 mm)

192,000 bits per inch

108 data tracks, one (1) directory track

Tracks

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Chapter 2

Specifications

Physical specifications

The physical specifications of the STT3401A and STT2401A are listed in the

following table.

Specification

Drive for 3.5-inch mount

Drive for 5.25-inch mount

1.0 in / 25.4 mm

1.625 in (max) / 41.3 mm

including bezel

Height

Width

4.0 in / 101.6 mm

6.4 in (max) / 161.5 mm

1.0 lbs / 0.45 kg

5.875 in / 149.2 mm

including bezel

6.5 in (max) / 165.1 mm

including bezel

Length

Weight

1.6 lbs / 0.72 kg

Figures 4 and 5 show the general dimensions of the 3.5-inch STT3401A (without

mounting brackets) and the 5.25-inch STT2401A (with mounting brackets).

Figure 4

STT3401A (3.5-inch mount) general dimensions

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Specifications

Chapter 2

Figure 5

STT2401A (5.25-inch mount) general dimensions

Power supply specifications

The following table lists the power supply requirements for the Travan 40 drives.

Power specifications are measured at the tape drive power connector and are

nominal values.

Current and power requirements

Specification

Power supply requirement

+12V DC supply

+5V DC supply

±10%

±5%

Voltage tolerance

Current requirements

Seek

0.8 amps rms

2.0 amps rms (<200 ms)

0.03 amps rms

0.8 amps rms

0.6 amps rms

1.0 amps rms

0.5 amps rms

Load/unload

Capstan startup

Standby

Ripple (peak to peak)

£200 mV max

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Chapter 2

Specifications

Power use

Seek

9.6 watts

38 watts

0.4 watts

4.0 watts

3.0 watts

6.0 watts

2.3 watts

Load/unload

Capstan startup

Standby

Power connector

The following table lists pin assignments for the power connector for the drive.

Assignment

+12V DC

+12 return

+5 return

+5V DC

Environmental requirements

The following table lists the environmental specifications for the Seagate STT2401A

and STT3401A. All specifications apply to the drive mechanism unless otherwise

noted.

Specification

Operational

Non-operational

–40° to +149^oF

(–40° to +65^oC)

Temperature

Drive

+41° to +104°F

(+5° to +40°C)

Cartridge at baseplate

+41° to +134°F

(+5° to +57°C)

5°C per hour

(18° F per hour)

Thermal gradient

Relative humidity

20% to 80%

5% to 95%

non-condensing

78.8°F (26°C)

No condensation

Maximum wet bulb temperature

Altitude

–1,000 to +15,000 feet

(–305 to 4,572 meters)

–1,000 to +50,000 feet

(–305 to 15,240 meters)

Vibration:

Peak to peak displacement

0.005 in. max.

(5 to 54 Hz)

0.1 in. max.

(5 to 17 Hz)

0.75 G rms

(54 to 500 Hz)

1.5 G rms

(17 to 500 Hz)

Peak Acceleration

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Specifications

Chapter 2

7Gs peak, 11 msec

50 Gs peak, 11 msec

Shock (1/2 sine wave)

(retries may be occur)

55 dBA maximum

(measured at operator

position, per ISO 7779)

—

Acoustic level operational

(A-wt sum)

2.5 Gs peak, 11 msec

100 Gs peak, 11 msec

Shock (1/2 sine wave)

Reliability

The STT3401A is designed for maximum reliability and data integrity. The following

table summarizes the reliability specifications.

Feature

Specification

Non-recoverable (hard) error rate

Correctable (soft) error rate

< 1 in 10¹⁷bits

< 1 in 10⁷bits

Error recovery and control

methods

Write Equalization;

Data Randomization;

Retry on read;

Reed-Solomon Error Correction Code

Mean-Time-Between-Failures

(MTBF)

More than 200,000 hours (20% duty rate)

Less than 0.5 hour

Mean-Time-To-Repair (MTTR)

Mean-Time-Between-Failures

The Mean-Time-Between-Failures (MTBF) is greater than 250,000 hours. This

specification includes all power-on and operational time but excludes maintenance

periods. Operational time is assumed to be 20% of the power-on time. Operational

time is the time the tape is loaded.

Note: Seagate does not warrant the stated MTBF as representative of any

particular unit installed for customer use. The failure rate quoted here is

derived from a large database of test samples. Actual rates may vary from

unit to unit.

Mean-Time-To-Repair

The Mean-Time-To-Repair (MTTR) is the average time required by a qualified

service technician to diagnose a defective drive and install a replacement drive. The

MTTR for the drive is less than 0.5 hour (30 minutes).

Seagate Travan drives are field-replaceable. If a problem occurs with a subassembly

or component in the drive, the entire unit should be replaced. The faulty drive should

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Chapter 2

Specifications

be returned to the factory in its original packaging. Contact your distributor, dealer,

your computer system company, or your Seagate sales representative to arrange the

return.

Tape compatibility

The table below summarizes the types of tape cartridges that can be used with the

Seagate Travan 40 drives. All other tape formats are incompatible. The Travan 40

drives can read any NS20 or Travan 5 cartridge written per the QIC-3220-MC

standard. Travan 40 cartridges used by the drive must be preformatted in

accordance with the QIC-180 standard.

Note. If Travan tapes are magnetically erased, they cannot be reformatted and

become unusable.

Capacity*

(Gbytes)

Length

(feet)

Seagate part

number

Cartridge format

750

740

STTM40

STTM20

Travan 40

Travan NS20

Travan 5 (QIC-3220-MC)

*Note. The capacities shown above are based on 2:1 data compression.

Uncompressed values are one half as high. Capacities, backup speeds and

transfer rates will vary with file type and system configuration.

Regulatory compliance

The Seagate Travan 40 drive complies with the regulations listed in the following

table.

Agency

Regulation

C22.2, No. 950-M89

EN 60 950/IEC 950

1950

CSA

TUV & IEC-RHEINLAND

Class B

Canadian Dept. of Communications

Class B

EN55022 (CISPR-22)

with additional CE-Mark test requirements

Class B, Part 15

FCC

Use these drives only in equipment where the combination has been determined to

be suitable by an appropriate certification organization (for example, Underwriters

Laboratories Inc. or the Canadian Standards Association in North America). You

should also consider the following safety points.

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Specifications

Chapter 2

Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user's access to live parts, gives

adequate system stability, and provides the necessary grounding for the drive.

Provide the correct voltages (+5V DC and +12V DC) based on the regulation

applied—Extra Low Voltage (SEC) for UL and CSA and Safety Extra Low

Voltage for BSI and VDE (if applicable).

Installation

This chapter explains how to install the Seagate STT3401A and STT2401A drives. It

also describes how to set the master/slave jumpers and presents details of the

drive's power and ATAPI interface connectors.

Before you begin

Handling guidelines

Because the drive's electronic components can be damaged by electrostatic

discharge, use an electrostatic grounding strap when handling the drive. This strap

prevents an electrostatic discharge from damaging the electronic components on or

in the drive unit.

If you do not have an electrostatic grounding strap, perform the installation at a

static-safe workstation. If one is not available, follow these guidelines as you install

the drive unit:

Work in an uncarpeted area.

To protect the drive from static electricity, DO NOT remove the drive from its

anti-static bag until you are ready to install it.

Before you remove the drive from the anti-static bag, touch a metal or grounded

surface to discharge any static electricity buildup from your body.

Caution: If you touch static-sensitive parts of the drive (such as the printed circuit

board) electronic components may be damaged.

Hold the drive by the edges only. Avoid direct contact with any printed circuit

board.

Lay the drive only on top of its anti-static bag or return the drive to its bag when

you need to lay the drive down.

Setting jumpers

In ATAPI systems, where two devices attached to a single interface cable, one of the

drives must be configured as "master" and the other must be configured as "slave."

In some cases, the assignment of master and slave can be made using a special

cable, as long as the devices provide a "cable select" setting.

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Chapter 4

Drive operation and maintenance

Before installing the Seagate Travan 40 drive make sure that the jumpers are

properly configured for your system. Figure 6 shows the location of the jumper block,

as well as master/slave jumper settings for various configurations.

Note: Record your jumper settings prior to installation. The jumpers are not visible

after the drive has been installed.

Figure 6

Jumper block settings for STT3401A and ST2401A

These jumper settings are explained in further detail below.

Jumpers 1 and 2 are reserved for factory use. Do not install a jumper on these

pins.

Cable Select: When the CSEL jumper is off, the device address (Master or

Slave) is determined by the setting of the "Master" jumper. When the CSEL

jumper is on, the Master jumper is ignored and the device address is defined by

the CSEL signal in the Host cable. If CSEL is tied to ground, the device address

is Device 0 (Master). If the signal is tied high (or open), the device address is

Device 1 (Slave).

Master/Slave: When this jumper is on, drive will act as Master on the ATA port.

An ATAPI device cannot be a Master to an ATA device, only other ATAPI

devices. If there is no jumper on the Master or CSEL jumper blocks, the drive is

configured as a slave. See table below:

"CSEL"

"Master"

jumper block

Drive's master/slave setting

Device is Master (Device 0)

Device is Slave (Device 1)

Off

On or Off

Device is Master or Slave depending

on CSEL signal level

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Drive operation and maintenance

Chapter 4

Installing the drive

The STT3401A can be installed in a one-half-inch high by 3.5-inch form factor drive

bay or in a one-inch high by 5.25-inch form factor (with mounting brackets). The

drive can be installed in three different orientations: horizontally (LED to the left) and

vertically (on either side).

The following section provides directions for mounting the drive in either a 3.5-inch

enclosure or in a 5.25-inch enclosure.

1. Before you install the drive, write down the serial number and model number

shown on the drive and store this information in a safe place. You need this

information if you ever call for service.

2. With the computer cover removed, remove the faceplate from the drive bay in

which you plan to install the drive. Refer to the manual that you received with

your computer for instructions about removing the computer's faceplate.

Note: If devices are installed in any drive bays adjacent to the one you are using

for the internal drive, partially removing those devices might give you more

working space.

3. Attach any special mounting hardware to the drive that your system might

require. Refer to the manual that you received with your computer for

requirements.

4. Locate the mounting screw holes in the drive brackets. Each side contains two

sets of holes. Use the set that aligns the drive properly within the drive bay.

5. Slide the tape drive into the computer so that the drive bezel and the computer

faceplate are flush. Figure 7 shows the screws used to mount the STT2401A in

a 5.25-inch drive bay.

Figure 7

Mounting the STT2401A in a 5.25-inch drive bay

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Chapter 4

Drive operation and maintenance

6. Secure the drive using the mounting screws. The threaded mounting brackets

are designed for M3.0 metric screws. If you are mounting the drive in a 3.5-inch

bay, use the screw supplied with the drive. Do not substitute other screws. Using

longer screws may damage the drive. If slide rails are needed, use the plastic

slide rails (supplied with the drive in some configurations).

7. Connect an available power cable to the power connector on the drive. Figure 6

on page 12 shows the location of the power connector. The recommended

power mating connector should have an AMP 1-48024-0 housing with AMP

60617-1 pins or equivalent.

Note: Turn off all power before attaching power or interface connectors.

8. Connect the interface cable with the connector on the rear of the unit. When you

make the connection, be sure pin 1 of the connector aligns with pin 1 on the

cable connector. See Figure 6 on page 12 for the location of the connector and

the Pin 1 location.

Note: Pin 1 on the connector on the rear of the drive is to your right as you look at

the back of the drive (right side up). (See Figure 5.) Your cable should have

Pin 1 highlighted by a color or dark strip. Be sure to mate Pin 1 on the cable

to Pin 1 on the drive. Failure to do so could make the drive inoperative. Also,

the cable is keyed to prevent incorrect installation. Make sure that the

blocked pin in the cable connector coincides with the missing pin on the

connector on the rear of the drive. (See Figure 6.)

9. Replace the computer cover. Be sure to reconnect any peripherals that you

disconnected during the installation.

10. Plug the computer and any peripherals into an AC power outlet.

11. Start the computer and install your tape backup software.

Mounting dimensions

Figures 8 and 9, respectively, show the location of the mounting holes for the

STT3401A and STT2401A.

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Chapter 4

Figure 8

Mounting holes on STT3401A (without mounting brackets)

Figure 9

Mounting holes on STT2401A (with mounting bracket

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Chapter 4

Drive operation and maintenance

Introduction

This chapter describes important operational procedures for the STT3401A and

STT2401A. It covers the following topics:

The front panel LED (Drive Activity Light/Eject Button)

Using Travan 40 cartridges

Drive maintenance and troubleshooting instructions.

Loading revised firmware (updating flash EEPROM)

Front panel LED

As shown in Figure 10, the front panel of the Travan 40 drive contains the cartridge

opening and one light-emitting diode (LED), which doubles as an eject button.

The LED on the front of the drive may blink to indicate various drive conditions. The

basic blink patterns are shown below. See page 21 for a listing of diagnostic blink

patterns that may occur during drive startup.

LED blink pattern

On continuously

Slow blinking

Drive status

Drive is ready; cartridge is loaded and initialized

Drive is active OR

a cartridge is being initialized

Fast blinking

A drive fault has occurred OR

drive firmware is being downloaded or updated

Figure 10

Front Panel LED on the STT3401A (STT2401A is similar)

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Drive operation and maintenance

Chapter 4

Using Travan cartridges

The minicartridges recommended for use with the Travan 40 drive are listed in

Chapter 2. This section describes some operations using the cartridges.

Loading cartridges

Your tape drive has a flip-up door that covers the cartridge opening when a tape

cartridge is not installed in the drive. The cartridge must be inserted into the drive

with the metal base plate down and the write-protect switch on the left. Inserting a

cartridge activates the drive's motorized “soft-load” mechanism, which draws the

cartridge all the way into the drive. Figure 11 shows the proper orientation of a

cartridge during loading.

Figure 11

Loading a Travan cartridge

Unloading cartridges

To unload a cartridge, wait until the drive activity LED is OFF and then press the

Drive-activity Light/Eject button. The drive automatically unloads and ejects a

cartridge when the Eject button is pressed or when the drive receives an Unload

command from the Host. The cartridge is unloaded until it extends about 22 mm

beyond the bezel. At this point, you can pull the cartridge straight out, as shown in

Figure 12.

Alternatively, use the eject command from the backup software to eject the tape if

the drive LED does not turn off after the backup. Refer to your software

documentation to find the eject command for your particular software.

Note. The drive may retain the cartridge for up to 2 minutes after the Eject button

is pressed in order to complete the current operation, rewind, and update the

cartridge directory track.

Caution: Under normal circumstances, you should never attempt to remove the

cartridge manually or while the drive is active.

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Chapter 4

Drive operation and maintenance

Figure 12

Unloading a Tape cartridge

After removing the cartridge from the drive, place the cartridge in its protective case

and store it in a cool, dry location.

Emergency cartridge removal

Forcing cartridge ejection

If the drive will not eject a cartridge during normal operation, but you still have power

to the drive, try the following steps to force the drive to eject the cartridge:

1. Remove power from the drive.

2. Press and hold the eject button.

3. Power up the drive, while holding down the Eject button. The cartridge will be

ejected (unloaded).

As soon as the cartridge is unloaded, grasp the cartridge and pull it from the drive.

Manual ejection

If the power fails with a cartridge in the drive, and the procedure above does not

work, you may be able to remove the cartridge manually. However, there is a risk of

damaging the drive or the cartridge.

Note. Do not attempt to remove the cartridge while the drive is powered-on and

tape is in motion. This may result in an incomplete tape operation.

Take a small straight screwdriver and insert it into the notch in the lower left side of

the bezel below the cartridge. Make sure that the screwdriver is inserted straight into

the drive. The screwdriver will hit a stop. Push on the stop with a firm force. As the

stop is gradually pushed into the drive, the cartridge will come out of the drive.

Continue to push with the screwdriver until the edges of the cartridge can be

grasped. Then grasp the cartridge and pull it firmly from the drive.

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Drive operation and maintenance

Chapter 4

Caution. After using the emergency ejection procedure to remove a cartridge, you

must restart the drive before inserting a new cartridge. Power must be

reapplied to the drive before it will move the loading mechanism into

position for inserting a new cartridge.

Setting the write-protect switch

Travan minicartridges feature a sliding write protect tab located in the upper left

corner of the cartridge. You can set the tab to keep data from being written on the

tape. Use this switch when you want to make sure that important data on the tape

will not be overwritten.

Figure 13 shows the cartridge with the switch in the non-protected (read/write) or

unlocked position.

Figure 13

Travan cartridge write-protect switch—unlocked position

Figure 14 shows the tab in the protected (read only) or locked position.

Figure 14

Travan cartridge write-protect switch—locked position

To return a cartridge to the "writeable" state, push the switch toward the end of the

cartridge or to the unlocked position.

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Chapter 4

Drive operation and maintenance

Drive maintenance

Minimal maintenance is needed to ensure that your Travan 40 drive operates at peak

condition. This section explains how to care for tape cartridges, how to clean the

drive head, and what to do if you experience problems with the drive.

Caring for tape cartridges

Although Travan tape cartridges are ruggedly built, they must be handled with care to

preserve the data they contain. The following points are guidelines for storing and

using minicartridges.

Do not open the tape access door of the cartridge or touch the tape itself. One

fingerprint can prevent the drive from reading the tape.

Keep the cartridge away from sources of electromagnetic fields, such as

telephones, dictation equipment, mechanical or printing calculators, motors, and

bulk erasers. Do not lay cartridges on the computer monitor or on the base unit

of the computer.

Keep the cartridge away from direct sunlight and heat sources, such as radiators

or warm air ducts.

Keep the cartridge free of moisture. Do not wet or submerge a cartridge in any

liquid.

Do not expose the cartridge to temperature extremes. Allow the cartridge to

assume room temperature slowly.

Retensioning the tape cartridge is always recommended for optimal

performance, particularly after exposure of the cartridge to temperature changes

or shock. Retensioning restores the proper tape tension to the media.

Cleaning the drive read/write head

Caution. Never clean the read/write head of the drive with anything other than a

Seagate-approved dry-process cleaning cartridge.

To properly maintain the tape drive, you should periodically clean the read/write

head. No other periodic maintenance is required.

Follow these guidelines to help ensure that your drive provides long, reliable service:

Operate the drive in a clean, dust-free environment.

Never apply a lubricant to the drive.

Generally Travan drives are highly reliable and require little user maintenance.

For normal operations cleaning once per month is quite adequate.

For new cartridges, clean the head after two hours of tape movement. Thereafter

the drive can be cleaned as per normal operations.

Generally, the more severe the operating conditions (the greater the amount of dust

or moisture in the air), the more often the drive should be cleaned. Be sure to clean

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Drive operation and maintenance

Chapter 4

the drive immediately if you observe an increase in the number of errors while

running your backup software, or if a TapeAlert cleaning message is displayed.

With the newer generation of Travan tape drive heads used in these drives, only the

dry-process cleaning cartridge method is recommended. This method does not

involve any flammable materials and provides a clean recording surface by wiping

away debris as the cleaning material passes across the recording head. Residents of

the U.S. can purchase Travan cleaning cartridges (model number STTMCL) directly

from Seagate on the web at: http://buytape.seagate.com.

Troubleshooting

If you experience problems after you install the drive, read through this section, and

try the remedies suggested here. If problems persist, contact your tape drive supplier

or Seagate technical support, as described below:

US and Canada

1-800-SEAGATE (1-800-732-4283)

1-405-936-1234

Outside US and Canada

Seagate web site

http://www.seagate.com

Before you call technical support, be sure that you have the documentation for your

computer and for all installed peripheral devices.

Initial checks

Prior to performing detailed troubleshooting, check the drive and associated system

components for any obvious problems:

Check that all connections are secure.

Check the drive to be sure the jumper settings are correct.

The following paragraphs describe some possible drive problems and the

recommended procedure for addressing each problem.

No drive response, front panel LED does not light

Verify that +5V DC and/or +12V DC is applied to the drive. Insure that the power

supply connector is installed properly.

Front panel LED blinks rapidly following power-up self-test

If a drive failure is detected during the power-up self-test, the front panel LED blinks

rapidly a specific number of times, followed by a pause. This pattern is repeated until

power is removed from the drive. The number of blinks indicates the type of problem

with the drive, as shown in the table below. If you experience this problem, return the

drive to an authorized Seagate repair center.

Number of

LED blinks

Drive status

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Drive operation and maintenance

DRAM Write Miscompare

DRAM Write Timed Out

DRAM Read Timed Out

DMA Timed Out

ATAPI Interface Failed

SRAM Self Test Failed

DRAM/SRAM Self Test Failed

Serial ASIC Failed

Buffer Manager ASIC Failed

Stepper Motor Test Failed

Transport Motor Test Failed

Attempt to install incompatible firmware

Transfer timeout

Load operation failed

Drive does not come ready

Insure the cartridge is properly oriented and fully inserted.

Insure the cartridge is not broken and the tape appears in good condition.

Motor starts to drive cartridge but stops immediately

Check the cartridge for tape run-off, or excessive torque. Replace cartridge if

required.

Drive will not write but will read previously written tapes

Make sure the cartridge is not write-protected.

Make sure the cartridge is a Travan 40 cartridge, not a Travan 5 or older Travan

cartridge.

Verify proper cable attachment to the host PC.

If this does not correct the problem, contact Seagate Technical Support (see

page 21).

Tape does not stream

Host data handshake may be too slow. Check BIOS setting for ATAPI interface

mode; the interface chipset may not be capable of high speed PIO mode. Some

backup application software is capable of higher transfer rates than others. Other

Host activity could restrict backup operation transfer rate.

If a power interruption occurs during a backup or restore operation, start over when

the power is restored.

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Drive operation and maintenance

Chapter 4

Drive not seen during boot-up

Ensure that 5/12 volt power is plugged into tape drive. Insert tape:

– If soft load receives tape and tape movement back and forth occurs—power is

OK.

– If no tape movement occurs—power down system and use power plug from

other device such as CD-ROM. If soft load receives tape and tape movement

back and forth occurs—power plug is bad. If no tape movement occurs (soft

load does not receive and load tape)—return drive for repair.

Check Master/Slave jumper settings; refer to Seagate Travan 40 User Guide for

installation possibilities.

Check system BIOS settings and ensure that ATAPI is set for the Travan 40

channel.

Check that Transfer Mode in BIOS is set for PIO Mode.

Drive not seen by OS after boot-up

Ensure that correct drivers are installed for Windows operating systems. Refer to

Seagate PowerPoint presentation for loading Windows drivers.

For Windows 2000/XP look for tape drive in Device Manager. If shown as

Unknown Device, use procedures to cause drive to be seen as a tape drive. Add

device driver as necessary.

Tape won’t load

Ensure that 5/12 volt power is plugged into tape drive. Insert tape:

– If soft load receives tape and tape movement back and forth occurs—power is

OK.

– If no tape movement occurs—power down system and use power plug from

other device such as CD-ROM. If soft load receives tape and tape movement

back and forth occurs—power plug is bad.

Remove ATAPI bus cable and insert tape:

– If no tape movement occurs (soft load does not receive and load tape)—return

drive for repair.

– If tape movement back and forth occurs—check Master/Slave jumper settings;

refer to Seagate Travan 40 User Guide.

Back-up program “freezes” or “locks up”

Check that the system meets the hardware requirements for both the tape drive

and backup software.

Check for any changes to the computer that may have caused IRQ, DMA, or

Address conflicts.

Check that the system is not set to Boot from CD-ROM with tape as a master.

Check available hard drive space on the drive where the software is installed.

The backup software may need to temporarily use hard drive space to function

correctly.

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Chapter 4

Drive operation and maintenance

Hard disc problems can also cause system lock up. Run a hard disc diagnostic

utility such as CHKDSK or SCANDISK and repair any error it might find.

Not enough system resources or a misbehaving memory resident program may

cause erratic system behavior. In some instances, files in some third party

Recycle Bins have caused the backup software to lock up. Try emptying the

Recycle Bin before attempting a backup.

Disable anti-virus programs and Advanced Power Management (especially for

laptops).

“Bad blocks,” media errors, etc.

Retensioning tape before every backup is recommended.

Check for automatic retension capability in backup software.

Use Seagate Stdiag tool to perform write/read test. Retension the tape with

Stdiag program. Stdiag write/read test will overwrite data on the tape. Set “Test

Size” to minimum of 100MB.

– If test write/read fails—replace tape with new tape and retry Stdiag test.

– If test write/read passes—retry backup. If backup fails, replace the tape.

Slow backups

Check installation configuration per Seagate Travan 40 User Guide. Tape drive

and hard drive should never be on the same IDE connector.

Check that system has enough memory available for backup software to

operate.

Is backup from local hard drives or over a network? Backups over a network

connection can often be slower than local hard drives. Attempt backup over local

hard drive and see if backup is faster.

Disable memory resident programs such as fax software, Internet connections,

anti-virus programs, screen savers, and others that are not essential to system

operation.

Run tests with software compression on and off. Use the setting that will obtain

the best backup throughput.

Tape won’t eject

Ensure unit is powered on.

Ensure tape is allowed to eject. Backup software often issues commands to

prevent tape from being ejected via pushbutton. Issue the command from the

backup software to allow tape removal, if necessary.

“Incompatible format,” “Won’t write on this tape”

Ensure that tape is a Travan 40 cartridge.

Ensure that the tape is not write protected.

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Drive operation and maintenance

Chapter 4

Use Stdiag to perform a write/read test. Retension the tape with Stdiag program.

The Stdiag write/read test will overwrite data on the tape. Set “Test Size” to

minimum of 100MB.

– If test write/read fails—replace tape with new tape and retry backup.

– If test write/read passes—retry backup. If backup fails, replace the tape.

Sometimes not being able to write to a specific tape is due to backup software

configuration, especially with Media Pools setup. Read the software

documentation carefully.

Loading revised firmware via Seagate firmware cartridge

The Travan 40 drive uses flash EEPROM. Flash EEPROM enables you to download

new firmware when revisions to firmware are released. Firmware revisions are

released on specially encoded cartridges that are automatically recognized by these

drives. These firmware revisions are available for qualified OEMs only from Seagate

Removable Storage Solutions®.

To load a firmware upgrade tape, follow these steps.

1. Power on the host system and the Travan drive. Allow the system boot up

process to reach the point where there is no ATAPI bus activity.

2. Place the firmware upgrade cartridge record switch to the non-record position.

Insert the firmware upgrade cartridge in the drive and observe the green LED

light on the front of the drive.

3. Once the upgrade cartridge is inserted, tape motion begins. The drive LED

flashes on and off. Approximately 15 seconds later, tape motion stops and the

LED continues to flash.

4. The LED flashes on and off at a steady rate as the firmware upgrade continues.

Approximately 45 seconds later, the drive resets internally, and the tape moves

back and forth, then stops.

5. The LED light will go off and remain off. Double check that the LED remains off.

Make sure that there is no further tape motion. Remove the upgrade cartridge.

6. The firmware is now upgraded to the new revision. The drive is operational and

the new firmware is active. Turning power off at this time does not affect the

firmware revision level.

Note: Once the firmware upgrade cartridge is inserted in the drive, it is important

that no power interruption occurs while the firmware is loading. DO NOT

POWER OFF THE DRIVE AT THIS TIME. If a power interruption occurs, the

firmware may not be loaded correctly, and the drive may not operate

properly.

If a problem occurs during the firmware loading process, the LED on the front panel

goes out. In that case, the firmware upgrade cartridge may be defective, or the drive

may not be operating correctly.

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Chapter 4

Drive operation and maintenance

If after a repeat loading of the firmware cartridge the same condition is observed,

contact your Seagate sales representative.

Firmware upgrade cartridges are available to qualified Seagate OEM customers.

Contact your Seagate sales representative for information.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

ATAPI interface

Introduction

The Seagate Travan 40 drives come with an ATA Packet Interface (ATAPI)

controller for communications between the host computer and the drive. The drive

supports the QIC-157 standard interface.

Note: Refer to the QIC-157 Standard for detailed information about this interface.

This chapter clarifies the use of several ATA-2 signals and ATAPI commands that

are either vague or optional in the QIC-157 specification.

ATA-2 Interface pin assignments

The Seagate Travan drives provide a standard ATA-2 connector. The pin

assignments for this connector are listed in the following table for your reference.

Assignment

Description

Source

RESET

Gnd

Reset

Host

Ground

N/A

DD7

DD8

DD6

DD9

DD5

DD10

DD4

DD11

DD3

DD12

DD2

DD13

DD1

DD14

DD0

DD15

GND

—

Data Bus bit 7

Data Bus bit 8

Data Bus bit 6

Data Bus bit 9

Data Bus bit 5

Data Bus bit 10

Data Bus bit 4

Data Bus bit 11

Data Bus bit 3

Data Bus bit 12

Data Bus bit 2

Data Bus bit 13

Data Bus bit 1

Data Bus bit 14

Data Bus bit 0

Data Bus bit 15

Ground

Host/Device

N/A

Key pin

N/A

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

Assignment

Description

Source

DMARQ

GND

DMA Request

Ground

Device

N/A

DIOW-

–REQ

–I/O

I/O Write

Host

Ground

N/A

I/O Read

Host

GND

Ground

N/A

IORDY

CSEL

DMACK

GND

I/O Ready

Device

Host

Cable Select

DMA Acknowledge

Ground

N/A

INTRQ

10CS16-

DA1

Interrupt Request

16-Bit I/O

Device

Host

Device Address Bit 1

Passed Diagnostics

Device Address Bit 0

Device Address Bit 2

Chip Select 0

Chip Select 1

PDIAG

DA0

Device

Host

DA2

Host

CS0-

Host

CD1-

Host

DASP-

Device Active or Slave

Present

Device

Ground

N/A

ATAPI commands

This section describes the ATAPI commands as implemented by the STT2401A and

ST3401A. The table below lists the commands in the order of their Operation Code,

and identifies the page number where the command is described in this manual.

Op Code (Hex)

Command

TEST UNIT READY

REWIND

See Page

REQUEST SENSE

READ

WRITE

WRITE FILEMARK

SPACE

INQUIRY

VERIFY

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

Op Code (Hex)

Command

See Page

MODE SELECT

RELEASE UNIT

ERASE

MODE SENSE

LOAD / UNLOAD

SEND DIAGNOSTIC

PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL

LOCATE

READ POSITION

WRITE BUFFER

READ BUFFER

LOG SELECT

LOG SENSE

Specification compliance

The STT3401A complies with the following specifications. Where conflicts occur, the

first listed document takes priority.

This product description manual

QIC-157 revision D

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

ERASE (Group 0, Op. Code 19)

The ERASE command will erase the entire tape if the tape is positioned at BOT.

Both the Directory and the Data Partitions will be erased. If the drive is in the

Directory Partition when the ERASE command is received, the drive will remain in

the Directory Partition after the operation is completed. The drive performs a Logical

Erase by rewriting the directory information; the data on the tape is not physically

erased or overwritten.

If the ERASE command is issued when the drive is not at BOT, no erase operation

will be performed and the drive will return an Illegal Request Sense Key.

This command is used to erase previously written data.

Command Descriptor Block for ERASE Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

IMM

LONG

NOTE: The ATAPI interface does not have an IMM bit or functional equivalent. The

DSC and BUSY bits in the Host taskfile status register indicate bus and

command status.

LONG: Use of the LONG bit is optional. Drive operation is the same whether

LONG = 0 or LONG = 1.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

INQUIRY (Group 0, Op. Code 12)

The INQUIRY command allows the Host to determine the configuration of the tape

drive connected to the bus.

CDB for INQUIRY Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Allocation Length

Allocation Length: This field may specify up to 54 bytes (36h) of data to be sent to

the Host. Any value greater than 36h sends 36h (54d) bytes. A 0 indicates no data is

to be sent and is not considered an error.

INQUIRY Data Block Format

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Peripheral Qualifier

RMB

ISO Version

SCSI Device Type

Reserved

ECMA Version

ANSI Version

Response Data Format

TrmIOP

Additional Length

Reserved

Sync

8-0F

10-1F

20-23

24-2D

2E-35

Vendor Name in ASCII

Product Name in ASCII

Firmware Revision Level in ASCII

Reserved

ASCII

Reserved

SCSI-2 Format—INQUIRY Data Block

Peripheral Qualifier: This field is set to 000b, unless an illegal LUN is specified, in

which case it is set to 011b.

SCSI Device Type: The Device Type 01h represents a sequential access device.

RMB: The Removable Media Bit is always set indicating that removable media is

used by the device.

ISO Version: This field is 00b, indicating that the drive does not comply with ISO

version ISO DP 9316.

ECMA Version: This field is 000b, indicating that the drive does not comply with

ECMA version ECMA-111.

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

ANSI Version: This field indicates the ANSI compliance level. A value of 001b

indicates compliance with SCSI Standard X3.131-1986. A value of 010b indicates

compliance with QIC-121 (SCSI-2).

TrmIOP: Terminate I/O message is supported. The Term I/O bit shall be set to 1.

Response Data Format: This field will have a value of 2h to indicate compliance

with the QIC-121 (SCSI-2) inquiry data format, or a value of 1h to indicate the

SCSI-1 option has been selected.

Additional Length: This field indicates that there are 31 (1Fh) bytes following this

byte.

Sync: The Sync bit is always set to 1, indicating the drive supports synchronous data

transfer.

Vendor Name: Bytes 8-0Fh are set to the ASCII values for the Vendor Name per the

table below.

Product Name: Bytes 10-1Fh are set to ASCII values for the Product Name. See the

table below.

Vendor name

( _ = space)

Product name

“STT3401A”

Drive description

Travan 40 drive

“Seagate_”

Firmware Revision Level: Bytes 20h-23h contain Firmware Revision.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

LOAD/UNLOAD (Group 0, Op. Code 1B)

This command has three functions.

To position (LOAD) a tape cartridge to BOT

To eject (UNLOAD) a cartridge

To retension the installed cartridge in conjunction with a Load/Unload operation

Note. The Imation Travan Mini Cartridge specification requires cartridge

conditioning under specified conditions. Conditioning is achieved by running

the tape three complete end-to-end passes, and retensioning a cartridge

when loading is recommended.

While loading or unloading, the LED blinks slowly.

When an UNLOAD command is received, if the previous WRITE command

terminated with a Check Condition, any buffered data that cannot be written to tape

will be lost. All media access commands will be terminated with a Check Condition

and the Sense Key will be set to 2h (Not Ready) after successful execution of an

UNLOAD command.

CDB for LOAD/UNLOAD Command

Data Bits

Byte

IMM

LOA

Hex

RET

NOTE: The ATAPI interface does not have an IMM bit or functional equivalent. The

DSC and BUSY bits in the Host taskfile status register indicate bus and

command status. See the ATAPI note on page 80.

RET: The retension bit determines whether a retension operation is to be performed

as a part of the LOAD/UNLOAD command or not. A Retension operation is

performed by running the tape to EOT, then back to BOT. It is recommended to

retension the tape before every read/write of the tape. When set to 0, no retension

takes place. When set to 1, a tape retension is performed.

LOA: The LOA bit determines whether it is a LOAD or UNLOAD command. When

set to 0, an UNLOAD command is designated. When set to 1, a LOAD command is

designated.

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LOAD/UNLOAD Command (EOT, RET and LOA Bits)

Initial State

EOT

RET

LOA

Action

Final State

Loaded, Ready

Position to BOT and set Unload

status

Unloaded, Not Ready

Loaded, Ready

Position to BOT

Ready

Retension, Position to BOT and set

Unload status

Unloaded, Not Ready

Loaded, Ready

Retension and Position to BOT

Set Unload status

Ready

Unloaded, Not Ready

Same as Initial

Unloaded, Not Ready

Ready

Check Condition, Illegal Request

Retension and set Unload status

Check Condition, Not Ready

Load cartridge and Position to BOT

Loaded, Ready

Unloaded, NR

Load cartridge, Retension and

Position to BOT

Ready

Additional Sense Bits: CNI—Cartridge Not in Place, WP—Cartridge Write

Protected, EOM—End-of-Media, BOM—Beginning-Of-Media.

NOTE: Log Select page 32h (byte 17h bit 4) defines the action of the UNLOAD

command. If the bit is 1, the Unload command will eject the cartridge. If the

bit is 0, the Eject button must be pushed to eject the cartridge.

NOTE: If a cartridge has been ejected but not removed from the drive, a LOAD

command will draw the cartridge into the drive.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

LOCATE (Group 1, Op. Code 2B)

The LOCATE command causes the target to position the logical unit to the specified

block address in a specified partition. Upon completion, the logical position will be

before the specified location so that the specified block will be the next to be read, or

will be the append point if it follows an “Appendable Point” (see WRITE command).

Prior to performing the locate operation, the target shall ensure that all buffered data

and filemarks have been transferred to the media.

If the specified block is not found in the current partition, then a Check Condition

status is returned, the Sense Key is set to Blank Check (8h), the BNL bit is set in

byte 12h of the Sense Data, and the tape will be positioned at EOD.

CDB for LOCATE Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

MSB

Block Address

LSB

Partition

CP: The Change Partition bit determines if a partition change is required before

positioning to the requested block. When set to 1, the partition specified in the

Partition field is selected. If necessary, the drive will change partitions before

positioning to the requested block. This is only allowed if the FDP bit in the Media

Partition Page (MODE SENSE Page 11h) has been set to 1. A CP bit of 0 indicates

no partition change required. The partition field is ignored.

Block Address: The Block Address field specifies the logical block address at which

the target shall be located.

Partition: The Partition field specifies which partition to select (if the CP bit is 1).

When set to 0, the Data Partition is selected. When set to 1, the Directory Partition is

selected.

Application Notes:

The CP field is one of two methods to change the active partition between the Data

and Directory Partitions. The second method is to use the Device Configuration Page

of the MODE SELECT command.

The Travan 40 format specifies that there will always be two partitions physically on

the tape.

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LOG SELECT (Group 2, Code 4C)

The LOG SELECT command provides a means for the Initiator to manage statistical

information maintained by the tape drive about itself.

CDB for LOG SELECT Command

Data Bits

Byte

PCR

Hex

MSB

Parameter List Length

LSB

PCR: The Parameter Code Reset (PCR) bit shall be set to 1 with the parameter list

length equal to 0 to reset CERTAIN FIELDS OF Log Sense Page 03h (see their

respective definitions). If PCR bit is 1, and the parameter list length is greater than 0,

the command will terminate with Check Condition status. The Sense Key will be set

to Illegal Request and the additional Sense Code will be set to Invalid Field in CDB.

SP: The Save Parameters (SP) bit must be set to 0.

PC: The Page Control (PC) field must be set to 01b. This field defines the type of

parameter values to be selected. The Cumulative Values parameter is the only one

supported.

Parameter Length: This field must be set to 0 when the PCR bit is set to 1 to cause

the parameters to be reset. This field must be set to the appropriate size when using

page 32 to modify the configuration and the PCR bit must be 0 when sending

parameters.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

LOG SENSE (Group 2, Op. Code 4D)

The LOG SENSE command provides a means for the Initiator to retrieve statistical

information maintained by the tape drive about the tape drive.

CDB for LOG SENSE Command

Data Bits

Byte

PPC

Hex

Page Code

MSB

Parameter Pointer

LSB

MSB

Parameter List Length

LSB

PPC: The Parameter Pointer Control (PPC) bit shall be set to 0 with the Parameter

Pointer field 0. This will cause all available log parameters for the specified log page

to be returned to the Initiator subject to the specified allocation length. If the PPC bit

is set to 1 or if the PPC is set to 0 with the Parameter Pointer field other than 0, the

command is terminated with Check Condition status. The Sense Key will be set to

Illegal Request and the additional Sense Code will be set to Invalid Field in CDB.

SP: The Save Parameters bit must be set to 0.

PC: The Page Control field must be set to 01b. This field defines the type of

parameter values to be selected. The Cumulative Values parameter is the only one

supported.

Page Code: The Page Code field indicates which page of log data is being

requested. The supported Page Codes are:

Code

Page Description

Supported Log Pages

Ref Page

00h

03h

2Eh

Error Counter For Read

TapeAlert if enabled via Log Select page 32,

byte 17, bit 7)

31h

3Eh

Tape Capacity, Special Information)

Firmware Checksum

Parameter Pointer: Shall be set to 0. See PPC.

Parameter List Length: Specifies the number of bytes allocated for Log data. The

number of bytes returned in the Data-In Phase will be the lesser of the Parameter

List Length or the data available in the specified page.

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ATAPI Interface

Page 00h—Supported Log Page

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

MSB

Additional Page Length

LSB

Supported Page List

Supported Log Page: The Supported Log Page provides a list of supported log

pages other than itself. Bytes 4-9 are coded as shown, indicating the valid page

codes.

Code

00h

Page Description

Supported Log Pages

Error Counter For Read

03h

2Eh

31h

33h

3Eh

TapeAlert if enabled via Log Select page 32, byte 17, bit 7

Tape Capacity, Special Information

Special Information

Firmware Checksum

Page 03h—Error Counter for READ (ATAPI)

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

MSB

Additional Page Length

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Total Blocks Recovered by ECC

LSB

MSB

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Total Errors Corrected

LSB

NOTE: (Total Blocks Recovered by ECC) + Total Errors Corrected = Total Blocks Read

Page 03—Error Counter for READ definitions

Byte

Set to 03h.

Page Code

Reserved

Set to 00h.

Set to 1Ch.

02-03 Additional Page Length

04-05 Parameter Code

0000h—# of block recovered by ECC alone

0001h—# of blocks recovered without using ECC

0002h—total # of rereads

0003h—total errors corrected

0004h—# of frames corrected by ECC alone

0005h—total # of bytes processed

8004h—total # of bytes corrected by ECC

The Disable Update bit is always set to 0, indicating the drive

updates parameter values for all events.

The Disable Save bit is always set to 1, indicating the drive

does not save parameter values.

The Target Save Disable bit is always set to 0 indicating the

drive defines a method for saving log parameters.

TSD

ETC

The Enable Threshold Comparison bit is always set to 0,

indicating comparison to the threshold value is not performed

whenever the cumulative value is updated.

The Threshold Met Criteria bits are used with the ETC bit and

are always set to 0.

TMC

The List Parameters bit is always set to 0, indicating all

parameters are data counters.

Set to 02h, indicating 2 bytes in the counter.

Parameter Length

Total number of uncorrectable frames. An uncorrectable

frame will generate a Re-Read recovery sequence.

08-09 Total Re-Reads (*)

…

Total number of frames corrected is the sum of the number of

frames corrected by ECC plus the number of frames corrected

by the Re-Read recovery procedure.

0E-10 Total Errors Corrected

(*)

…

The total number of frames containing one or more blocks that

failed the CRC check. For the total number of blocks, see

REQUEST SENSE.

15-16 Frames Corrected By

ECC Alone (*)

…

The transfer length of all Fixed Block Mode READ commands

times the block length specified in Mode Data plus the total

transfer length of all Variable Block Mode READ commands.

1B-1F Total Bytes Processed

(*)

…

The total number of bytes corrected by ECC during all READ

commands.

1B-1F Total Bytes Corrected

by ECC (*)

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

Note:

Fields marked with (*) will reset on power cycle, SCSI reset, cartridge insertion, rewind, or

PCR.

Page 2Eh—TapeAlert Diagnostic

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

Reserved

MSB

Page Length

LSB

140

TapeAlert Flags

5n-1

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

5n+1

5n+2

5n+3

TSD

ETC

Parameter Length

Value of Flag (set when bit 0 = 1)

TMC

Res

TapeAlert Diagnostic page conforms to TapeAlert Specification 2.0. This page is

supported when LOG SELECT page 32, byte 17, bit 7 is set to enable TapeAlert

Diagnostic reporting.

TapeAlert is a tape drive status monitoring and messaging standard that detects

problems that could have an impact on backup quality. TapeAlert provides easy-to-

understand warnings of errors as they arise, and suggests a course of action to

remedy the problem. The TapeAlert standard has been designed to allow easy

integration into backup applications from any software vendor.

To take advantage of TapeAlert, you need TapeAlert-compatible tape drives and

TapeAlert-compatible backup software.

TapeAlert firmware constantly monitors the drive hardware and the media, checking

for errors and potential difficulties. Any problems identified are flagged on the

TapeAlert Diagnostic page, where 64 bytes have been reserved for use by

TapeAlert.

After a backup has been completed, the TapeAlert-compatible backup application

will automatically read the drive’s TapeAlert log page to check for any problems. If an

error is flagged, the backup software displays a clear warning message on the user’s

screen, and adds the TapeAlert messages to its logs. These messages are standard

across all applications that support TapeAlert, and are designed to give clear

explanation of the problem and suggested resolution. For example, a user

attempting to backup onto an expired tape would encounter the message:

WARNING:

The tape cartridge has reached the end of

its useful life:

1.Copy any data you need to another tape

2.Discard the old tape

TapeAlert currently checks for errors occurring in the following main categories:

Drive recoverable and unrecoverable read problems

Drive recoverable and unrecoverable write problems

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

Drive hardware defects

Worn out media or wrong media

Expired cleaning tapes

Abnormal error conditions

The TapeAlert information is accessed via a Log Sense page, and configuration is

via a MODE SELECT page. The Mode Sense/Select configuration of the TapeAlert

interface is compatible with the SMART diagnostic standard for disc drives. The Host

software should first check the tape drive/library to determine whether it supports the

TapeAlert Log Sense page 0x2e. By default the Host software access to the

TapeAlert Log Sense page is via polling.

The TapeAlert Log Sense page is read from a tape drive/autoloader device at the

following times as a minimum:

At the beginning of a write/read job, even if media is not loaded

Immediately after a fatal error during the write/read job

At the end of each tape when the write/read job spans multiple tapes. If the tape

is to be ejected then the Log Sense page must be read BEFORE this.

At the end of a write/read job

Each time the Host software reads the TapeAlert Log page, it should check all 64

flags to discover which are set (there may be more than one). The definitions of the

64 flags are device type specific, so that there is one definition for tape

drive/autoloader devices, and a different definition for stand-alone changer devices

(in libraries). For each set flag, the Host software should communicate the defined

error message and severity for that flag to the user, and also log it. If multiple flags

are set simultaneously, they will be displayed together in ascending order of severity.

At the beginning of each set of TapeAlert error messages, the tape device/library that

initiated them must be identified. For the tape drive media-related flags (flags 4, 7

and 14) the software label of the media should be included in the TapeAlert error

messages so that the user is aware what piece of media the error refers to. Such

information could also be displayed with the messages for other flags as well, if

required. The information read in the TapeAlert flags should not in itself cause the

software to stop a current backup/restore job.

Each flag will be cleared to 0 in the following circumstances:

At drive power on

When the TapeAlert Log page is read

When specified corrective action has been taken (such as using a cleaning

cartridge)

On ATAPI bus reset

On Log Select reset

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NOTE: When a flag is cleared by reading the TapeAlert Log page, a flag cannot be

set again until the error condition is removed (e.g., the specified corrective

action has been taken). So, for example, if the cartridge in the drive is not

data grade, once flag 8 has been cleared by the Host software reading the

Log page it cannot be set again until the cartridge has been removed. All

other methods of clearing allow the flag to be set again.

There are three types of flags, listed below in order of increasing severity:

Severity

Urgent User

Intervention

Risk of Data

Loss

Explanations

Critical

Warning

Information

The definitions of the 64 alert flags in the Log page vary depending on the device

type. The following table details ONLY those TapeAlert error flags supported by the

Seagate STT3401A drive.

The tape drive/autoloader flag definitions are grouped as follows:

Flags 1 to 19:

Flags 20 to 25:

Flags 26 to 39:

Flags 40 to 64:

For tape drive write/read management

For cleaning management

For tape drive hardware errors

For tape autoloader errors

TapeAlert Flags

No.

Flag

Type

Required Host Message

Cause

Read

Warning

The tape drive is having problems reading data.

No data has been lost, but there has been a

reduction in the performance of the tape.

The drive is having severe

trouble reading.

Write

Warning

The tape drive is having problems writing data. No

data has been lost, but there has been a reduction

in the capacity of the tape.

The drive is having severe

trouble writing.

Hard Error

Media

The operation has stopped because an error has

occurred while reading or writing data that the drive write error.

cannot correct.

The drive had a hard read or

Your data is at risk:

Media can no longer be

1. Copy any data you require from this tape.

written/read, or performance is

severely degraded.

2. Do not use this tape again.

3. Restart the operation with a different tape.

Read Failure

Write Failure

The tape is damaged or the drive is faulty. Call the

tape drive supplier helpline.

The drive can no longer read

data from the tape.

The tape is from a faulty batch or the tape drive is

faulty:

The drive can no longer write

data to the tape.

1. Use a good tape to test the drive.

2. If the problem persists, call the tape drive

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

No.

Flag

Type

Required Host Message

supplier helpline.

Cause

Media Life

The tape cartridge has reached the end of its

calculated useful life:

The media has exceeded its

specified life.

1. Copy any data you need to another tape

2. Discard the old tape.

Write Protect

No Removal

You are trying to write to a write-protected

cartridge.

WRITE command is attempted

to a write-protected tape.

Remove the write-protection or use another tape.

You cannot eject the cartridge because the tape is

in use. Wait until the operation is complete before

ejecting the cartridge.

Manual unload attempted

when prevent media removal

is on.

Cleaning

Media

The tape in the drive is a cleaning cartridge.

Cleaning tape encountered

during backup or restore.

If you want to back up or restore, insert a data-

grade tape.

Unsupported

Format

You have tried to load a cartridge of a type that is

not supported by this drive.

e.g., TR3 cartridge is not

supported

Recoverable

Snapped

Tape

The operation has failed because the tape in the

drive has snapped:

1. Discard the old tape.

Tape snapped/cut in the drive

where media can be ejected

2. Restart the operation with a different tape.

Forced Eject

The operation has failed because the tape

cartridge was manually ejected while the tape drive drive actively writing or reading

was actively writing or reading.

Manual or forced eject while

Read Only

Format

You have loaded a cartridge of a type that is read-

only in this drive. The cartridge will appear as write only

protected.

e.g., NS8 cartridge is read

Tape

Directory

Corrupted

The directory on the tape cartridge has been

corrupted.

Directory data stored on tape

has been corrupted.

File search performance will be degraded.

Expired

Media

The tape cartridge is nearing the end of calculated

life. It is recommended that:

Media exceeded number of

recommended passes.

1. Another cartridge be used for storing data

2. This cartridge be stored for archival recovery

The tape drive is due for routine cleaning:

1. Wait for the current operation to finish.

2. Then use a cleaning cartridge.

Clean

Periodic

The drive is ready for a

periodic clean

The drive must be cleaning using a cleaning

cartridge to clear this flag.

Drive

Maintenance

Preventive maintenance of the drive is required.

Check the tape drive users manual for device

specific preventive maintenance tasks or call the

tape drive supplier help line.

The drive requires preventive

maintenance (not cleaning)

Hardware A

The tape drive has a hardware fault:

1. Eject the tape cartridge.

2. Reset the drive.

The drive has a hardware fault

that requires reset to recover.

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ATAPI Interface

No.

Flag

Type

Required Host Message

3. Restart the operation.

Cause

Hardware B

The tape drive has a hardware fault:

1. Turn the tape drive off and on again.

2. Restart the operation.

The drive has a hardware fault

that is not read/write related or

requires a power cycle to

recover.

3. If the problem persists, call the tape drive

supplier helpline. Check the tape drive users

manual for device-specific instructions on turning

the device power on and off.

Interface

The tape drive has a problem with the Host

interface:

The drive has identified an

interfacing fault.

1. Check the cables and cable connections.

2. Restart the operation.

The operation has failed:

1. Eject the tape.

Eject Media

Error recovery action

2. Insert the tape again.

3. Restart the operation.

Download

Fail

The firmware download has failed because you

have tried to use the incorrect firmware for this

tape drive. Obtain the correct firmware and try

again.

Firmware download failed.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

Page 31h—Tape Capacity Page

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

MSB

Additional Page Length

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Remaining Capacity Data Partition

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Remaining Capacity Directory Partition

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Maximum Capacity Data Partition

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Maximum Capacity Directory Partition

LSB

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Page 31h—Special Information

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

MSB

Additional Page Length

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Unit Serial Number

LSB

Page 31h—Special Information Definitions

Byte

Page Code

Reserved

Set to 31h.

Set to 00h

Set to 1Eh.

Additional Page Length

Parameter Code

02-03

04-05

Set to 00 00h, indicating the first parameter follows.

The Disable Update bit is always set to 1.

The Disable Save bit is always set to 1, indicating the drive

does not save parameter values.

TSD

ETC

The Target Save Disable bit is always set to 1, indicating the

drive does not provide a target defined method for saving log

parameters.

The Enable Threshold Comparison bit is always set to 0,

indicating comparison to the threshold value is not performed

whenever the cumulative value is updated.

TMC

The Threshold Met Criteria bits are used with the ETC bit and

are always set to 0.

The List Parameters bit is always set to 1, indicating the

parameter is a list parameter.

Parameter Length

Unit Serial Number

Set to 0Ch, indicating 12 bytes in the counter.

Set to the ASCII value of the drives ten-digit serial number.

08-13

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

Page 33h—Special Information in STT31401A mode

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

MSB

Additional Page Length

LSB

MSB

140

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Unit Serial Number

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Cartridge Insertions

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Tape Moved

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Number of Cleanings

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Time Since Last Cleaning

(in Minutes)

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

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Chapter 5

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Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Parameter Length

MSB

Longest Time Between Cleanings

(in Minutes)

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Cleaning Interval (in Minutes)

LSB

Page 33h—Special Information Definitions

Byte

Set to 31h.

Set to 00h

Set to 1Eh.

Page Code

Reserved

02-03 Additional Page

Length

Set to 00 00h, indicating the first parameter follows.

04-05 Parameter Code

The Disable Update bit must be set to 0, indicating the drive

updates parameter values for all events.

The Disable Save bit is always set to 1, indicating the drive does

not save parameter values.

The Target Save Disable bit is always set to 0 indicating the

drive defines a method for saving log parameters.

TSD

ETC

The Enable Threshold Comparison bit is always set to 0,

indicating comparison to the threshold value is not performed

whenever the cumulative value is updated.

The Threshold Met Criteria bits are used with the ETC bit and

are always set to 0.

TMC

The List Parameters bit is always set to 1, indicating the

parameter is a list parameter.

Set to 0Ch, indicating 12 bytes in the counter.

Parameter Length

Set to the ASCII value of the drive’s ten-digit serial number. The

ten-digit value is interpreted as follows: PPSYWWNNNN.

08-13 Unit Serial Number

Where: PP is the product code, i.e., TG is NS20 SCSI.

S is the manufacture location, i.e., T is Thailand.

Y is the last digit of the calendar year, i.e., 8 is 1998.

WW is the calendar week.

NNNN is the alphanumeric serial number.

(The serial number markings are detailed in document 44872.)

…

The number of physical loads of any cartridge type during the

life of the drive. The number of cartridge loads includes cleaning

cartridge loads and failed load attempts. The field is never reset.

18-1A Cartridge Insertions

…

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Chapter 5

The length of tape (estimated in feet) passed over the head

1F-22 Tape Moved

since the last head cleaning. The field is incremented by 740

feet at EOT and BOT when tape motion is reversed. It is only

incremented when the full length of the tape has been traversed

and the direction of tape motion is reversed. The field is reset if

a cleaning operation is performed successfully.

…

The number of successful cleanings performed during the life of

the drive. If a cleaning cartridge is inserted and does not

complete the cleaning cycle, this field will not increment. The

field is never reset.

27-28 Number of Cleanings

…

The calculated time in minutes (1.5 minutes per full track) since

the last cleaning was performed. The field is reset if a cleaning

operation is performed successfully.

2D-30 Time Since Last

Cleaning

…

The longest calculated time interval in minutes between cleaning

cycles. It is compared to the “Time Since Last Cleaning” value

after every successful cleaning cycle and the greatest value is

retained. The field is never reset.

35-38 Longest Time

Between Cleanings

…

The interval in minutes (3000 minutes = 50 hours) for setting the

TapeAlert cleaning flag. This field is only changeable at the

factory. In the field the value will remain the same.

3C-

Cleaning Interval

Note:

Fields on page 33h are not reset on power cycle.

Page 3Eh—Report Check-Sum of FLASH-RAM (LOG SENSE only)

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

MSB

Additional Page Length

LSB

MSB

Parameter Code

LSB

TSD

ETC

TMC

Parameter Length

MSB

Existing Check-Sum

LSB

MSB

Calculated Check-Sum

LSB

Page 3Eh—Report Check-Sum Definitions

Byte

The Report Check Sum of Flash-RAM (core firmware for

TRAVAN 6/7) Page Code is set to 3E.

Page Code

Set to 00h.

Reserved

Set to 08h.

2-3

4-5

Additional Page Length

Parameter Code

Set to 00 00h, to indicate the first (and only) parameter

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follows.

The Disable Update bit must be set to 0, indicating the drive

updates parameter values for all events.

The Disable Save bit is always set to 1, indicating the drive

does not save parameter values.

The Target Save Disable bit is always set to 0 indicating the

drive defines a method for saving log parameters.

TSD

ETC

The Enable Threshold Comparison bit is always set to 0,

indicating comparison to the threshold value is not performed

whenever the cumulative value is updated.

The Threshold Met Criteria bits are used with the ETC bit and

are always set to 00b.

TMC

The List Parameters bit is always set to 1.

Set to 04h, indicating 04 bytes of parameter data.

Parameter Length

Existing Check-Sum

2-byte check-sum value that is hard coded in the firmware and

stored in the EEPROM.

8-9

2-byte check-sum value that is calculated when this Log

Sense page is requested.

0A-

Calculated Check-Sum

NOTE: When the existing and calculated check sums are equal, the firmware load

was successful.

NOTE: The existing check sum is saved into EEPROM.

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Chapter 5

MODE SELECT (Group 0, Op. Code 15)

The Host issues the MODE SELECT command to establish certain drive

parameters. These parameters are sent to the drive as data. The parameters

established by this command are not unique to the Initiator issuing the command. If a

second Initiator changes the parameters at any time, these new parameters are

used for all Hosts communicating with the drive. After accepting the MODE SELECT

parameters from the Initiator, the drive sets Unit Attention condition for all other

Initiators. The unit will accept this command when positioned anywhere on tape.

CDB for MODE SELECT Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Parameter List Length

PF (Page Format): A PF bit of 1 indicates that MODE SELECT Parameters

following header and block descriptor are structured as pages of related parameters.

Only the following pages are valid: Page 01h (Error Recovery and Reporting

Parameter), Page 02h (Disconnect/Reconnect Control Parameters), Page 10h

(Device Configuration Parameters), Page 11h (Media Partition Parameters), Page

0Fh (Data Compression Parameters), and Page 20h (Forced Streaming

Parameters).

Parameter List Length (PLL): This field specifies the number of bytes for the

Parameter List to be transferred from the Host. When 0, no bytes are transferred

and this is not considered an error. When greater than 12h and PF is set to 1, the

data following the Block Descriptor is in Page Format.

NOTE: This field is 2 bytes in length.

Parameter List: The first four bytes of the Parameter List comprise the Header,

while the remaining bytes comprise the Block Descriptor.

Header Data Bits

Byte

Hex

BUFM

Block Descriptor Length

Speed Code

BUFM: The BUFM enables the Buffered Mode for WRITE commands. If BUFM is

set to 0, Buffered Mode is disabled for all WRITE commands, which do not terminate

and send a Good Sense until the last data block has been written onto the tape by

the drive. If BUFM is set to 1, Buffered Mode is enabled. WRITE commands

terminate and return a Good Status as soon as the Host places the last data block in

the buffer. If an error occurs while writing data after the command terminates, the

drive returns a Check Condition Status on the next command received from the

Host. The Host must then issue a REQUEST SENSE command to determine the

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cause of the error. While writing, the drive will revert to Unbuffered Mode when

Logical Early Warning (LEW) is reached. A REWIND issued at this point will cause

the drive to rewind to BOT and return to Buffered Mode.

Speed Code: The values of speed codes are given in the table below. The Speed

Code may be set explicitly by MODE SELECT command, or implicitly when AVC

(Auto-Throttle) is set to 1 (bit 4, byte 8 of page code 10h). If AVC is set to 1, MODE

SENSE will report the actual speed selected to optimize data throughput.

Code

Meaning

Use default speed.

Tape Speed

Transfer Rate

92 ips

2.0 MBps

Use lowest tape speed.

Use highest tape speed.

56 ips

92 ips

1.2 MBps

2.0 MBps

2h-Fh

Block Descriptor Length: Specifies the number of bytes in the Block Descriptor.

This value is 08.

Block Descriptor

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

45h

Density Code

MSB

Number of Blocks

LSB

MSB

Block Length

LSB

Density Code: This byte identifies the bit density and format of the media used by

the drive. The value returned by this field is determined by the last MODE SELECT

command, or is the default value based on the cartridge type and/or previously

recorded density following a power-up reset. See MODE SELECT for a table of valid

Density Codes.

Number of Blocks: This field must be 0.

Block Length: This field specifies the block length and mode. If this field is 00h, the

drive operates in variable length block mode. If this field is non-0, the drive operates

in fixed length block mode and the logical block length is equal to the value of this

field. The STT3401A default block length is 512 bytes.

Page Code 01h is used to specify target Error Recovery and Reporting parameters.

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Page Code 01h—Error Recovery and Reporting Parameters

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

Additional Page Length

EER

PER

DTE

DCR

Read Retry Count

Write Retry Count

TB: A Transfer Block bit of 1 indicates that a data block not recovered in a READ

operation within the recovery limits specified shall be transferred to the Initiator. A TB

bit of 0 indicates that the failing data block shall not be transferred to the Initiator.

The default value on power-up / reset condition is zero. This value is changeable by

the Host.

EER: An Enable Error Recovery bit of 1 instructs the drive to apply ECC before

attempting read retries. A 0 instructs the drive to exhaust the read retry count first

then apply ECC. The power-up default is 1 and may not be changed by the Host.

PER: A Post Error Reporting bit of 1 instructs the drive to report Check Condition

status on a recovered error. A 0 instructs the drive not to report Check Condition

status on a recovered error. The power-up default is 0. The value may be changed,

but the drive always operates as though the value is 0.

DTE: The Disable Transfer on Error bit is valid only if PER is set to 1. A 1 instructs

the drive not to transfer recovered data. A 0 instructs the drive to transfer recovered

data. The power-up default is 0. The value may be changed, but the drive always

operates as though the value is 0.

DCR: The Disable Correction bit is valid only if EER is 0. A 1 instructs the drive not to

apply ECC on a block in error; the drive will do a retry instead. A 0 instructs the drive

to apply ECC on a block in error. The power-up default is 0. The value may be

changed, but the drive always operates as though the value is 0.

Read Retry Count: Specifies the number of times that the target should attempt its

read recovery algorithm. The Read Retry Count depends upon the format being

written. Its value is not changeable by the Host.

Write Retry Count: This count is ignored and is not used by the drive.

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Page Code 10h—Device Configuration Parameters

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code (10h)

Additional Page Length

CAF Active Format

Active Partition

Write Buffer Full Ratio

CAP

Read Buffer Empty Ratio

MSB

Write Delay Time

LSB

DBR

BIS

RSMK

AVC

Gap Size

EEG SEW

MSB

SOCF

RBO

REW

EOD Defined

Buffer Size At Early Warning

LSB

Additional Page Length: Set to 0Eh to specify the length of the Device

Configuration page.

CAP: Change Active Partition bit, set to 1, will set the logical partition to the one

specified by the active partition field. This is only allowed if the FDP bit in the Media

Partition Page (MODE SELECT/Sense Page 11h) has been set to 1. A CAP bit set to

0 indicates no partition change is specified. The default value is 0. This value is

changeable by the Host.

CAF: The Change Active Format field shall always be set to 0, which specifies no

change to format. The Density Code in the Block Descriptor is used to specify the

format.

Active Format: The field specifies the format to be sued when the tape is positioned

at BOT and CAF is set to 1. Refer to Density Code field for valid format values. The

power-up default is 00h. This value is not changeable by the Host.

Active Partition: The field contains the partition number, which will become active

when the CAP bit is set to 1. The drive supports 2 partitions: When set to 0, the Data

Partition is selected. When set to 1, the Directory Partition is selected. To set the

Active Partition to one, FDP must also be set in Page 11h.

Write Buffer Full Ratio: On WRITE commands, this field indicates to the target how

full the buffer shall be before writing data to the media. This field is not changeable

and is ignored. The drive buffer will hold up to 28 frames of user data. When writing,

the drive will start tape motion when 10 frames hare assembled in the buffer.

Read Buffer Empty Ratio: On READ commands, this field indicates to the target

how empty the buffer shall be before retrieving additional data from the media. This

field is not changeable and is ignored. The drive buffer will hold up to 28 frames of

user data. When reading, the drive will start tape movement when the buffer has free

space for a minimum of 16 frames.

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Write Delay Time: This field indicates the maximum time, in 100 millisecond

increments, that the drive shall retain buffered data without subsequent write or

synchronizing commands before forcing it to the media. Filler blocks containing

invalid filler data required to fill out ECC frames will accompany data forced to tape.

A value of 00 00h indicates data will never be forced to tape. Valid values are 00 00h

and up to 10 00h (27.3 minutes). Invalid values will be rounded up. The default value

is 00 00h and this field is changeable.

Data Buffer Recovery is set to 0 and the RECOVER BUFFERED DATA command

is not supported and will not be accepted.

BIS: A Block Identifiers Supported (BIS) bit is reported as 1 in MODE SENSE. This

field is non-changeable.

RSMK: The Report Setmark (RSMK) bit, if set to 1, instructs the drive to report

Setmarks by the same rules applying to Filemarks. If set to 0, Setmarks will be

ignored when reading, and commands to write Setmarks will not be accepted. This

value is 0 by default and is not changeable. Setmarks are not supported

AVC: The Automatic Velocity Control (AVC) bit enables the Auto-Throttle feature.

When set to 0, the tape speed is set by the speed code in the device specific

parameter byte. When set to 1, the drive uses Auto-Throttle to reduce tape speed

from the Speed Code setting to minimize repositioning of the tape. The adjusted tape

speed will be reported in MODE SENSE.

NOTE: If Speed Code 0h is used with AVC on, the drive will default to 92 ips (2.0

Mbytes/Sec native transfer rate). If the system is unable to sustain streaming

at that rate, the drive will Auto-Throttle to the lower speed (56 ips). At the

beginning of each track, the drive will increase speed to 92 ips in an attempt

to increase throughput.

SOCF: Stop On Consecutive Filemarks bit is not a supported function and must be

set to 00b.

BRO: Recover Buffered Order bit determines the order in which data will be returned

to the Host for a RECOVER BUFFERED DATA command. When set to 1, the data

blocks will be returned to in LIFO order. When set to 0, FIFO order will be utilized.

Only a value of 0 is supported. This field is non-changeable.

REW: A Report Early-Warning bit of 1 indicates the target shall return Check

Condition status with the EOM bit set to 1 when the logical early-warning position is

encountered during Read and Write operations. A REW bit of 0 indicates the target

shall not report this condition for read operations (but it shall report the early warning

for write operations). The default value is 0b. This field is not changeable.

NOTE: Early Warning is reported only on WRITE commands.

Gap Size field value determines the size of the inter-block gap while writing data and

must be set to 0. This field is non-changeable.

End-of-Data (EOD) Defined: This field indicates which format type the logical unit

shall use to detect and generate the EOD area. The only type supported is 000b,

indicating a device default EOD definition per QIC format standard. Values 001b to

111b are reserved. This field is non-changeable.

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EEG: Enable EOD Generation—When set to 1, this bit indicates that the logical unit

shall generate the appropriate EOD area, as determined by the EOD Defined field. A

value of 0 indicates that EOD generation is disabled. 1 is the value supported. This

field is non-changeable.

SEW: Synchronize at Early Warning (SEW)—When set to 1, and Logical Early

Warning is encountered during a WRITE operation, the tape drive will truncate the

current command, write any buffered data to the tape, and return a Check Condition

with EOM set in the Sense Data. 1 is the value supported. This field is non-

changeable.

NOTE: When Logical Early Warning is detected, the drive will not interrupt the

current DMA, which will be 64Kbytes or less. Notification will be given when

the current command completes, or if the data left to be written is to large

notification will be given on the maximum burst DMA boundary.

Buffer Size at Early Warning is always 0, indicating the buffer size is device

specific.

Page Code 11h—Media Partition Page

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

Additional Page Length

Maximum Additional Partitions

Additional Partitions Defined

IDP

Media Format Recognition

FDP

SDP

PSUM

Additional Page Length shall be set to 6.

Maximum Additional Partitions field indicates the maximum umber of additional

partitions supported by the drive. The value of this field is returned during a MODE

SENSE command. It will always be set to 0, indicating the drive supports one data

partition consistent with QIC-157D, table 5-44. This parameter is not changeable.

Additional Partitions Defined field specifies the number of additional partitions to

be defined for a volume when SCP or IDP is set to 1. This field must be set to 0, and

is not changeable.

FDP: Fixed Data Partition bit may be changed by a MODE SELECT command only

when the drive is positioned to BOT. When set to 0, the drive considers the entire

media as a single partition. When FDP is set to 1 the drive is in dual partition mode.

FDP does not cause the selected partition to change. CAP in page 10h is used for

that function. The FDP bit default value is 1 and it is not changeable in STT3401A

mode.

Select Data Partition (SDP), Initiator-Defined Partitions (IDP), and Partitions

Size Unit of Measure (PSUM) fields shall be set to 0, indicating that the STT3401A

drive assigns partitions base on its pre-defined definition of the data and directory

partitions. These values are not changeable by the Host.

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Media Format Recognition field is intended for use by the MODE SENSE

command, in which it is set to 03h, indicating that the drive is capable of recognizing

the format and partition of the tape automatically. This is per QIC-157D, table 5-45.

This field is ignored in MODE SELECT commands.

Page Code 1Ch is used for TapeAlert Diagnostics.

Page Code 1Ch—TapeAlert Diagnostics

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code

Page Length

Dexcpt

Perf

Reserved

Test

Resrvd LgErr

Reserved

MRIE

Interval Timer

Report Count / Test Flag Number

The Page Code is set to 1Ch. The purpose of the TapeAlert Mode page is similar to

the SMART disc diagnostic interface. The TapeAlert Mode page will return to the

default settings when a bus reset is received. The following fields are in the Mode

page:

Dexcpt (Default set to 1): When this bit is set to 0 the reporting method indicated by

the MRIE field is used. When this bit is set to 1 this indicates that the target shall

disable all information exception operations, ignoring the MRIE field (in this mode the

software must poll the TapeAlert Log page). Thus to enable “Check Condition”

mode, set the bit to 0.

LogErr (Default set to 0): When this bit is set to 0, this indicates that the logging of

informational exception conditions within a target is vendor specific. When this bit is

set to 1, the target shall log informational exception conditions.

Perf (Default set to 0): When this bit is set to 0, this indicates that informational

exception operations that can cause delays are acceptable. When this bit is set to 1,

the target shall not cause delays while doing informational exception operations (may

cause the target to disable some or all of the informational exception operations).

Test (Default set to 0): When this bit is set to 0, this indicates that the target shall

not generate any false/test informational exception conditions.

When this bit is set to one and Test Flag Number is set to 0, the target will generate

a false informational exception condition based on the MRIE field (the Interval Timer

field is ignored and the Report Count field is used as the Test Flag Number). When a

false information exception condition is posted, the TapeAlert flags in the Log page

are not modified. However, real informational exception conditions have priority over

false informational exception conditions. The Test bit will be automatically cleared

when the false information exception condition is posted on the first command

(excluding Inquiry and Request Sense) that is received with no real information

exception condition pending. The false informational exception condition will then be

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reported in the method specified by the MRIE value, except with the additional Sense

Code set to 0x5DFF. If both the Test and Dexcpt bits are set to 1 and Test Flag

Number set to 0, then the MODE SELECT command will return Check Condition,

with Sense Key set to Illegal Request and extended sense set to Invalid Field in

Parameter List.

When the Test bit is set to 1 and the Test Flag Number is set to valid non-0 value,

the target will generate/clear a test informational exception condition. The value of

the Test bit returned by a Mode Sense command will remain at 0. The test action is

based on the Test Flag Number value:

1 to 64: This will set in the Log page the TapeAlert flag indicated by the Test Flag

Number. Once the TapeAlert flag is set it is processed normally based on the

Dexcpt, MRIE, Interval Count and Report Count values.

–1 to –64: This will clear the TapeAlert flag indicated by the absolute value of the

Test Flag Number. Clearing the flag in this way is equivalent to performing the

specified corrective action for that flag, thus allowing a real information exception

condition to be set if the real error condition occurs for that flag.

32767 (0x7FFF): This will set all of the TapeAlert flags in the Log Page that are

supported by the target. Once the supported TapeAlert flags are set they are

processed normally based on the Dexcpt, MRIE, Interval Count and Report Count

values.

Interval Timer (Default set to 0): When this field is set to 0, this indicates that the

target shall only report the informational exception condition one time. When this

field is set to non-0, the value indicates the period in 100 millisecond increments for

reporting that an informational exception condition has occurred. The target shall not

report informational exception conditions more frequently than the specified timer

interval and as soon as possible after the timer interval has elapsed. A value of

0xFFFFFFFF in the field indicates the timer interval is vendor specific.

Report Count/Test Flag Number (Default set to 0): This field has a dual purpose.

When the Test bit is set to 0, then the value of this field in the MODE SELECT data

represents the Report Count, which is what is always returned in response to a Mode

Sense command. When the Report Count field is set to 0, this indicates that there is

no limit on the number of times the target shall report the informational exception

condition (assuming that Interval Timer is set to non-0). When the Report Count field

is set to non-0 this indicates the number of times to report an informational exception

condition. If multiple TapeAlert flags are set simultaneously, these are reported as a

single informational exception condition. The report count is controlled by the most

recent flag set.

When a MODE SELECT command is sent with the Test bit is set to 1, then the value

of this field in the MODE SELECT data represents the Test Flag Number, which is

never returned in response to a Mode Sense command. Valid vales of the Test Flag

Number are –64 to 64 and 32677 (0x7FFF). Negative numbers are represented

using the 2’s complement method. If the Test Flag Number is set to an invalid value,

then the MODE SELECT command will return Check Condition, with Sense Key set

to Illegal Request and extended sense set to Invalid Field in Parameter List. If the

device does not support Test Flag Number, then when the Test bit is set to 1 and the

Test Flag Number is set to non-0, the MODE SELECT command will return Check

Condition. The Sense Key is set to Illegal Request and extended sense set to Invalid

Field in Parameter List.

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MRIE (Default set to 0x3): This field indicates the method used by the target to

report informational exception conditions (note that this is standard SCSI terminology

and is not related in any way to the “Information” severity level for the flags). The

priority of reporting informational exception conditions is vendor specific. If the

informational exception condition was generated by an event that caused a real

Check Condition to occur, then this real Check Condition will over-ride (i.e. be used

instead of) the Check Condition defined in MRIE modes 0x1 to 0x5. The values

defined for this field are:

0×0:

No reporting of informational exception conditions. This method

instructs the device server to not report information exception conditions

0×1:

Asynchronous Event Reporting. This method instructs the device server

to report information exception conditions by using the rules for asynchronous event

reporting as described in the SCSI-3 Architecture Model and the relevant protocol

standard. The Sense Key shall be set to RECOVERED ERROR and the additional

Sense Code shall indicate the cause of the information exception condition (which is

5D00 for a TapeAlert event).

0×2:

Generate Unit Attention. This method instructs the device server to report

information exception conditions by returning a Check Condition status on the next

SCSI command (excluding Inquiry and Request Sense) after an informational

exception condition was detected. The Sense Key shall be set to Unit Attention and

the additional Sense Code shall indicate the cause of the information exception

condition (which is 5D00 for a TapeAlert event). The command that has the Check

Condition shall NOT be executed before the informational exception condition is

reported (and thus needs to be repeated).

0×3:

Conditionally generate Recovered Error. This method instructs the device

server to report information exception conditions, if reporting of recovered errors is

allowed, by returning a Check Condition status on the next SCSI command

(excluding Inquiry and Request Sense) after an informational exception condition

was detected. The Sense Key shall be set to RECOVERED ERROR and the

additional Sense Code shall indicate the cause of the information exception condition

(which is 5D00 for a TapeAlert event). The command that has the Check Condition

shall complete without error before any exception condition may be reported (and

thus does NOT need to be repeated).

0×4:

Unconditionally generate Recovered Error. This method instructs the

device server to report information exception conditions, regardless of the value of

the per bit of the error recovery parameters mode page, by returning a Check

Condition status on the next SCSI command (excluding Inquiry and Request Sense)

after an informational exception condition was detected. The Sense Key shall be set

to Recovered Error and the additional Sense Code shall indicate the cause of the

information exception condition (which is 5D00 for a TapeAlert event). The command

that has the Check Condition shall complete without error before any exception

condition may be reported (and thus does NOT need to be repeated).

0×5:

Generate No Sense. This method instructs the device server to report

information exception conditions by returning a Check Condition status on the next

SCSI command (excluding Inquiry and Request Sense) after an informational

exception condition was detected. The Sense Key shall be set to No Sense and the

additional Sense Code shall indicate the cause of the information exception condition

(which is 5D00 for a TapeAlert event). The command that has the Check Condition

shall complete without error before any exception condition may be reported (and

thus does NOT need to be repeated).

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0×6:

Only report informational exception condition on request. This method

instructs the device server to preserve information exception(s) information. To find

out about information exception conditions the application client polls the device

server by issuing an unsolicited REQUEST SENSE command. The Sense Key shall

be set to No Sense and the additional Sense Code shall indicate the cause of the

informational exception condition (which is 5D00 for a TapeAlert event).

With MRIE modes 0x1 to 0x6, the additional Sense Code of 5D00 indicates that a

TapeAlert event has occurred on the device, and detailed information about this

event is stored in the TapeAlert Log page. Note that the MRIE modes do not affect

the logging of events in the TapeAlert Log page.

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MODE SENSE (Group 0, Op. Code 1A)

The MODE SENSE command provides the Host with information pertaining to the configuration of the drive. The drive

does not disconnect from the Initiator while executing this command.

CDB for MODE SENSE Command

Data Bits

Byte

DBD

Page Code

Hex

Allocation Length

DBD—Disable Block Descriptor: A DBD bit of 0 will enable transfer of the block

descriptor. A DBD bit of 1 will disable transfer of block descriptor parameters.

PC—Page Control: PC field as described below defines the type of values to be

returned for Parameter Page.

Bit 7

Bit 6

Type of Parameter Values to be Returned

Current Values

Changeable Values ²

Default Values ²

Saved Values ^1,2

Note:

1) This is not supported by the drive. If PC=11b, the command will result in

an Illegal Request (Sense Key 5).

2) With the ATAPI interface drive, PC must equal 00b. Other values will

return an Illegal Request (Sense Key 5)

Page Code: The Page Code field specifies which Parameter Page(s) is (are) to be

returned. Any Page Code value other than listed below will result in an Illegal

Request.

Page Code

01h

Description

Error Recovery and Reporting Parameter Page will Be Returned

Disconnect / Reconnect Control Parameter Page Will Be Returned

Device Configuration Parameter Page Will Be Returned

Media Partition Page Will Be Returned

02h

10h

11h

TapeAlert Diagnostics Page Will Be Returned

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Page Code

20h

Description

Forced Streaming Page Will Be Returned

Capabilities and Mechanical Status Page

All Pages (01h through 3Fh) Will Be Returned

2Ah

3Fh

Refer to MODE SELECT command for a description of the Parameter Pages.

Allocation Length: This field specifies the number of bytes requested from the

Parameter List. A maximum of 12 (0Ch) may be returned. When set to 0, no bytes

are transferred and this is not considered an error.

Parameter List: The first four bytes of the Parameter List comprise the Header,

while the remaining bytes comprise the Block Descriptor.

Header Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Sense Data Length

Media Type

BUFM

Speed Code

Block Descriptor Length

Sense Data Length: The Sense Data Length of 11 (0Bh) includes the four-byte

Header and eight-byte Block Descriptor.

Media Type: This byte identifies the cartridge type installed in the drive. 00h

indicates no cartridge or unknown cartridge. See table below for valid cartridge

codes.

Code

00h

Cartridge Type

No cartridge, cleaning cartridge, or type unknown

85h

Travan 5

Travan 7

95h

WP: When this bit is 1, the cartridge installed in the drive is Write Protected.

BUFM: The BUFM bit indicates the Buffered Mode is enabled for WRITE

commands. If set to 0, Buffered Mode is disabled for the WRITE command. The

command does not terminate and send a Good Sense until the last data block has

been written onto the tape by the drive. If BUFM is set to 1, the Buffered Mode is

enabled. The WRITE command terminates and returns a Good Status as soon as

the Host places the last data block in the buffer. If an error occurs while writing data

after the command terminates, the drive returns a Check Condition Status on the

next command received from the Host. The Host must then issue a REQUEST

SENSE command to determine the cause of the error. While writing, the drive will

revert to Unbuffered Mode when Logical Early Warning (LEW) is reached. A

REWIND issued at this point will cause the drive to rewind the BOT and return to

Buffered Mode.

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Speed Code: Speed code values are listed in the table below. The Speed Code may

be set explicitly by MODE SELECT command, or implicitly when AVC ( Auto-

Throttle) is set to 1 (bit 4, byte 8 of page code 10h). If AVC is set to 1, MODE SENSE

will report the actual speed selected to optimize data throughput.

Code

Meaning

Use default speed.

Use lowest tape speed.

Use highest tape speed

2h-Fh

Block Descriptor Length: Specifies the number of bytes in the Block Descriptor.

This value is 08.

Block Descriptor

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

XXh

Density Code

MSB

Number Of Blocks

LSB

MSB

Block Length

LSB

Density Code: This byte identifies the bit density and format of the media used by

the drive. The value returned by this field is determined by the last MODE SELECT

command, or is the default value based on cartridge type and/or previously recorded

density following a power-up reset.

Density Code

QIC Reference

Travan 5, QIC-3220-MC

Travan 40

Read

Yes

Write

***

Yes

Number of Blocks: This field must be 0.

Block Length: This field indicates the selected block length and mode. The

STT3401A default block length is 512 bytes. The maximum fixed block length is

1024 bytes.

Parameters: MODE Sense Data pages are as specified in the MODE SELECT

commands. See Section 0 for page, field, and bit specifications.

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Page Code 2A Capabilities and Mechanical Status Page

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Page Code (2A)

Page Length (12h)

Reserved

Rsvd

ECC

Rsvd

QFA

Rsvd

SPREV

Rsvd

RO ¹

Rsvd

20 or 21

Rsvd

EFMT

CMPRS

DIS-

CONNECT

Rsvd

EJECT ¹PREVENT LOCKED ¹LOCK

Rsvd

BLK1024 BLK512

Rsvd

MSB

Maximum Speed Supported (in KBps)

LSB

MSB

Reserved

LSB

MSB

Continuous Transfer Limit (in blocks)

LSB

MSB

Current Speed Selected (in KBps)

LSB

MSB

Buffer Size (in 512 byte units)

LSB

MSB

Reserved

LSB

NOTE: 1) These values may change depending on cartridge type and drive status.

SPREV: If the SPREV bit is set, the device supports SPACE in the reverse direction.

RO: If the RO bit is set, the device is operating in read-only mode. This bit does not

reflect the state of the write protect flag on the cartridge which is indicated by the WP

bit in the Mode Page Header.

QFA: If the QFA bit is set, the device supports a two-partition format, which may be

used for quick file access.

EFMT: If the EFMT bit is set, the device supports ERASE command initiated

formatting.

CMPRS: If the CMPRS bit is set, the device supports data compression.

ECC: If the ECC bit is set, the device performs error correction.

DISCONNECT: If the DISCONNECT bit is set, the device can break up data

transfers without the need to restrict transfer lengths to the Continuous Transfer

Limit.

EJECT: If the Eject bit is set, the device can mechanically unload the cartridge with

the LOAD / UNLOAD command.

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PREVENT: If the PREVENT bit is set, the device defaults to the Prevent state after

power-up.

LOCKED: If the LOCKED bit is set, the volume is locked.

LOCK: If the LOCK bit is set, the device supports locking the volume using the

PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL command.

BLK1024: If the BLK1024 bit is set, the device is capable of using a 1024-byte block

size.

BLK512: If the BLK512 bit is set, the device is capable of using a 512-byte block

size.

Maximum Speed Supported: This field indicates the maximum data rate the device

supports. This value is the maximum sustained native data transfer rate of the

device returned in 1000 byte per second units.

Continuous Transfer Limit: This field indicates the number of blocks (of the current

block size) that can be transferred without delay due to a buffer limitation. When

DISCONNECT is set to 0, transfers restricted to the Continuous Transfer Limit will

result in efficient use of the bus. When DISCONNECT is set to 1, this field is ignored.

Current Speed Selected: This field indicates the actual data rate the device is

currently using. This value is returned in 1000 byte per second units.

Buffer Size: This field is an estimate of the read and write buffer size in 512-byte

units.

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PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL (Group 0, Op. Code 1E)

This command is used to prevent or allow the removal of the tape cartridge.

CDB for PREVENT/ALLOW MEDIA REMOVAL Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

PRE

PRE: When set to 0, an ALLOW command is indicated. Following this command,

cartridge unloading via the front panel Eject button or the UNLOAD command is

allowed.

When set to 1, a PREVENT command is indicated. Following this command, an

UNLOAD command or an Eject button push will be rejected. An UNLOAD command

will be terminated with Check Condition Status. The Sense Key will be set to 5h

(Illegal Request), and the ASC and ASCQ codes will be set to 53/02h (Media

Removal Prevented). This command is canceled by a hard reset or a

PREVENT/ALLOW command with the PRE bit set to 0. The drive does not

disconnect from the Initiator while executing this command. A PREVENT command

can be cleared by an ALLOW command only if sent by the same Initiator.

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READ (Group 0, Op. Code 08)

The READ command transfers the specified amount of data from the tape drive to

the Initiator. The command terminates when one of the following conditions occurs:

The Transfer length specified in the CDB has been satisfied.

A Filemark or Setmark has been read.

Logical Early Warning or physical End-of-Media has been reached.

An unrecoverable read error has occurred (i.e., a command was issued to Read

data that could not be recovered by ECC or rereading).

An Illegal Length indication occurred (unless the SILI bit is set and the Illegal

Length is an under length condition).

End of Recorded Data is encountered.

When the command terminates for a reason other than the first, the residue can be

obtained with a REQUEST SENSE command.

CDB for READ Command

Data Bits

Byte

SILI

FBM

Hex

MSB

Transfer Length

LSB

SILI: Suppress Illegal Length Indicator (SILI) applies only to the variable block length

mode, which is not supported by ATAPI-interface tape drives. The combination of the

SILI bit and the FBM bit both set to 1 causes Illegal Request (Sense Key 5h).

NOTE: If ILI condition exists for a Fixed Block Transfer, the Illegal Length block will

not be transferred.

FBM: Fixed Block Mode (FBM) is associated with the Transfer Length field. When

set to 1, the transfer length is given in blocks as specified in the MODE SELECT

data.

NOTE: If the block length on tape is different than the block length specified in

MODE SELECT data, an Illegal Length error is declared.

Transfer Length: If FBM is set to 1, this field specifies the number of blocks to be

transferred to the Initiator.

When Reading, the STT3401A keeps track of “soft” read errors (corrected blocks)

and data overruns. These error counters are available by means of the REQUEST

SENSE command.

Data Error Counter: This counter is incremented each time a block must be

corrected using ECC. It is cleared when any command is issued that terminates the

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READ process (e.g., REWIND). See REQUEST SENSE, bytes 14-15 and LOG

SENSE, Page 3.

Data Under-Run Counter: This counter is incremented each time a buffer overrun

causes the tape to reposition. The counter is cleared when the READ process is

terminated. See REQUEST SENSE, bytes 16-17.

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READ BUFFER (Group 1, Op. Code 3C)

The READ BUFFER command will cause the contents of the drive’s data buffer to be

returned to the Host and is intended to be used in conjunction with the WRITE

BUFFER command as a Diagnostic tool. Using Buffer I.D. and Buffer Offset, the

data transfer may be started from any location in the buffer. This command tests the

ATAPI Bus and the drive’s Data Buffer. The tape is not affected.

CDB for READ BUFFER Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Mode

Buffer I.D.

MSB

Buffer Offset

LSB

MSB

Transfer Length

LSB

MODE: The Mode field determines the format of the data that is returned to the

Host.

Mode

0-1h

Type

Description

Reserved

Data Only Mode The drive will send the data only, and no header.

Reserved

3-7h

Buffer I.D.: The data buffer is divided into 256 equal segments of 2048 bytes each.

The number of each segment is specified by the Buffer I.D. To perform a read buffer

at the first segment (or beginning) of the buffer, a Buffer I.D. of 00h must be

specified. To perform a read buffer at the 128^thsegment, a Buffer I.D. of 7Fh must

be specified (etc.).

Buffer Offset: This field specifies the byte location in the specified buffer in which

the first data byte to be transferred to the Host will be found. Offset values greater

than 7FFh will cause Check Condition, Illegal Request.

Transfer Length: This field specifies the number of bytes to be read from the Buffer

by the Host. The value includes the four-byte Header.

NOTE: The STT3401A has an 8 MB buffer. Each segment, as defined by Buffer

I.D., will be 2K bytes in size and the maximum offset will be 7ffh.

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READ BUFFER Header (Mode 00h)

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

MSB

Buffer Capacity

LSB

Buffer Capacity: This field specifies the total number of bytes in the drive’s buffer.

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Chapter 5

READ POSITION (Group 1, Op. Code 34)

The READ POSITION command reports the current position of the logical unit and

any data blocks in the buffer. No tape movement shall occur as a result of the

command. The drive may disconnect during this command.

CDB for READ POSITION Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

BT: The Block Address Type bit determines the reporting method of the block

location field. If 0, the logical addresses are returned for current block and the last

block in the data buffer. If set to 1, the physical block address is returned for the first

block location and the last block in the data buffer. Information is returned to the host

in the format shown below.

READ POSITION Data Format

Data Bits

Byte

BOP

EOP

BPU

Hex

Partition Number

MSB

First Block Location

LSB

MSB

Last Block Location

LSB

MSB

Number of Blocks in Buffer

LSB

MSB

Number of Bytes in Buffer

LSB

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BOP: The Beginning Of Partition bit, if set to 1, indicates that the logical unit is at the

beginning-of-partition in the current partition.

EOP: The End Of Partition bit, if set to 1, indicates that the logical unit is at the end-

of-partition in the current partition.

BPU: A Block Position Unknown bit of 1 indicates that the first and last block

locations are not known or cannot be obtained.

Partition Number: The Partition Number reports the current partition position. 00h

indicates the Data partition, 01h indicates the Directory Partition.

First Block Location: The First Block Location reports the current tape block

address (i.e., the next to be read to the Host for READ command).

Last Block Location: The Last Block Location reports the last tape block address to

be written to tape from the buffer for the WRITE command. This field is 0 if the

previous command was READ, VERIFY, SEEK, SPACE, or LOCATE.

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Chapter 5

REQUEST SENSE (Group 0, Op. Code 03)

Information pertinent to the completion of a command is obtained by the REQUEST

SENSE command. Although a REQUEST SENSE command may be issued at any

time, it is typically issued immediately following a command that has resulted in a

Check Condition (Status 02h). Sense Data remains valid until reset by a subsequent

command issued by the same Initiator selecting the same LUN as the one that

resulted in the Check Condition. In the case of the single Initiator option, the drive will

assume that the REQUEST SENSE command is from the same Initiator. A

REQUEST SENSE command also resets the Sense Data and Sense information

(byte 0 to 11h). All other sense information is preserves, or in the case of Data Error

and Under-run Counters, updates may occur.

CDB for REQUEST SENSE Command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Transfer Length

The REQUEST SENSE command returns a Check Condition status only upon a

catastrophic failure in reporting the Sense Data. For example, a 1 bit in a reserved

field of the CDB or repeated bus parity errors. Under these conditions it is likely that

the Sense Data returned is not valid.

Transfer Length: Specifies the number of sense bytes requested by the Host. The

command terminates when either the number of bytes requested or all available

bytes are transferred whichever is less.

The following figure represents the Sense Byte Format.

Sense Data Format (for all Sense Keys except 0Ah—Copy Aborted)

Data Bits

Byte

–

AVF

Hex

Error Code (70h or 71h)

ILI

EOM

Sense Key

MSB

Sense Information

LSB

Additional Sense Length (56 bytes)

MSB

Command Specific Information

LSB

Additional Sense Code

Additional Sense Code Qualifier

Field Replaceable Unit Code

SKSV

C/D

BPV

MSB

Bit Pointer

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Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Field Pointer

LSB

CNI

PEO

UDE

BPE

BNL

FIL

NDT

BOM

MSB

Data Error Counter

LSB

MSB

Data Overrun/Under-run Counter

LSB

Track Number

Cartridge Type

MSB

Filemark Count

LSB

MSB

Physical Block Number

LSB

Tape Module Error Code (High Byte)

Tape Module Error Code (Low Byte)

Reserved

Least

Last 10 Commands

Most

–

Reserved

AVF: Address Valid Flag. When the AVF is 1, the Sense Information (bytes 3-6)

contains valid information.

FM: When the Filemark bit is set to 1, a Filemark has been encountered during a

read operation.

EOM: The End-of-Media bit, when set to 1, indicates the tape has reached the

Logical Early Warning Point.

ILI: The Illegal Length Indicator, when set to 1, indicates that the length of the block

read from the media does not match the block length specified by the READ or

COPY command, or the length specified by MODE SELECT.

Sense Key: Defines the type of failure associated with the current Check Condition

(02h Status). The Sense Keys are defined in the following table.

Sense Information: When the AVF bit is 1, the Sense Information bytes represent

the difference between the Transfer Length requested by the command and the

actual number of blocks or bytes transferred (i.e., the residue).

Additional Sense Length: The Additional Sense Length specifies the number of

bytes to follow this byte. For all commands except the COPY command, this field is

38h.

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Command Specific Information: This field contains information that depends on

the command that was last executed. Further meaning for this field is defined within

the command description.

Additional Sense Code & Qualifier: Specifies detailed information related to the

additional Sense Code. If the error or exception condition is reportable by the device

the value returned will be as specified. If the condition is not reportable by the device,

a value of 00h is used.

Field Replaceable Unit: The value of this field will be 0, indicating that no specific

mechanism or unit has been identified to fail or that the data is not available. There

are no FRUs in the drive.

SKSV: The Sense Key Specific Valid bit of 1 indicates that the Sense Key Specific

fields (bytes 0Fh, 10h & 11h) are valid. This bit is 0, not supported.

The following fields are not cleared by a REQUEST SENSE command.

CNI: Cartridge Not In Place.

WP: Cartridge Write Protected.

PEOM: Physical-End-of-Media—Indicates the position is past the Physical Early

Warning hole on the tape. (Note that the EOM bit in byte 02h denotes the Logical

Early Warning Point).

UDE: Unrecoverable Data Error.

BNL: Block Not Located. (Cleared by a successful MEDIA ACCESS command.)

FIL: Filemark Detected (Same as FM). (Cleared by a successful MEDIA ACCESS

command.)

NDT: No Data Detected. Same as Sense Key 8h. (Cleared by a successful MEDIA

ACCESS command.)

BOM: Physical Beginning-Of-Media (Beginning of Partition).

BPE: Not applicable

Data Error Counter: For write operations, this is the number of blocks since the

start of the current write operation re-written because they were detected to be in

error by the READ-WHILE-WRITE check. For read operations, this is the number of

blocks recovered by ECC or read-retry since the tape was last at BOT.

Buffer Overrun / Under-run Counter: For write operations, this is the number of

times that the under-run logic was forced to rewrite a data block in and under-run

condition. (An under-run can occur without tape reposition.) For read operations, this

is the number of times a reposition cycle was required due to buffer overrun.

Track Number: The track number that the read/write head is currently positioned to.

Cartridge Type: The allowable cartridge types are listed below.

Cartridge Type Codes

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Code

Travan 7

Cartridge Type

Compatibility

00h

85h

95h

N/A

No cartridge, cleaning cartridge, or type unknown

Read / Write

N/A

Travan 5, NS20

Travan 7

Filemark Count: This is the number of Filemarks encountered since the tape was

last at BOM. This counter is not reset by a REQUEST SENSE command, but is reset

when tape is positioned back to BOM.

Physical Block Number: The number of the next physical block to be read/written

by the Host.

Tape Module Error Code (TMC): Vendor unique error codes provided for firmware

and drive-related diagnostic purposes.

Last 10 Commands: This field shows the last 10 CDBs received by the drive from

the host.

Request Sense Keys

Sense Key

(hex value) Type

Meaning

Indicates that there is no specific Sense Key information to

be reported. This would be the case for a successful

command or a command that received Check Condition or

command Terminated status because one of the Filemark,

EOM, or ILI bits is set to 1.

No Sense

Indicates that the last command completed successfully

with some recovery action performed by the target. Details

may be determined by examining the additional sense bytes

and the information bytes. When multiple recovered errors

occur during one command, the choice of which error to

report (first, last, most severe, etc.) is device specific.

Recovered

Data

The tape drive cannot be accessed. Operator intervention

may be required.

Not Ready

An unrecoverable error occurred that was caused by either

a flow in the media, or an error in the recorded data.

Media Error

The drive detected an unrecoverable hardware failure

during the performance of a command or internal

diagnostics.

Hardware

Error

There was an illegal parameter in the command Description

block or associated additional parameters or an

inappropriate sequence of commands was issued.

Illegal

Request

The tape cartridge may have been changed or the drive

Reset since the last command was issued. This error is

reported by the first command following this condition and

the function of this condition is not performed. The Unit

Attention is reported to all Initiators that subsequently issue

commands to the drive.

Unit

Attention

A write or erase operation was attempted on a device with

the cartridge in the Safe state.

Data Protect

Blank Check

The drive encountered the End-of-Recorded Media. This is

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Sense Key

(hex value) Type

Meaning

not the same as the physical EOM.

This Sense Key is available for reporting vendor unique

conditions (Not Used).

Vendor

Unique

A COPY command was aborted due to an error on the

source or destination device (Not Supported).

Copy

Aborted

The drive aborted the command either at the request of the

Initiator or due to a hardware failure, such as the removal of

a cartridge during a read or write operation. The Initiator

may recover by trying the command again.

Aborted

Command

(Not Used)

Reserved

The physical End-of-Media has been reached. The data

remaining in the buffer may be read with a Recover Buffer

Data command.

Volume

Overflow

Indicates that the source data did not match the data read

from the media.

Miscompare

Reserved

Sense Code (ASC) and ASC Qualifier Assignments

Sense Key ASC

ASCQ Meaning

Normal

Illegal length

Busy

Command failed because of reservation conflict

Filemark found

Early EOM detected

Blank check (EOD reached)

SCSI terminated I/O message response

Tape Alert - no sense

Tape Alert- triggered by previous command

Not ready, but is coming ready

Unknown cartridge type or cartridge type is incompatible (ex.

compressed data on tape, but compression hardware option

not installed)

No media in drive

Media is present, but is not ready

Media error on write command

Media error on read command

Write denied due to incompatible cartridge type

Seek error, failed to reach target track

Bad checksum detected while attempting to update flash

Power On Self Test failed

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Sense Key ASC

ASCQ Meaning

Hardware error occurred

Fan error

SCSI parity error non-command state

SCSI parity error in command state

Attempted to erase tape when not at BOT

Invalid CDB opcode

Invalid LBA

Invalid function requested

Invalid data byte in CDB

Invalid LUN

Invalid parameter in data

Log select failed

SCSI bad id

SCSI parity error in identify message

SCSI LUN is non-zero (in msg)

Attempted to write when not at either BOT or EOD

Command not allowed because of previous Prevent/Allow

CDB command

Media just came ready, normal status after cartridge

insertion

Drive was just initialized, normal status after power-on

Mode select parameters changed

Log select parameters changed

Tape alert- unit attention

Tape alert- bad mode

Attempted to write on a write-protected cartridge

Read or located into EOD: blank check

Host aborted the command

Command was aborted

ATA 'nop' command

Cartridge was removed before a medium operation was

completed

SCSI error - extended message

SCSI error - bad message (not in command state)

Fatal drive firmware error occurred

SCSI error (received bad message while in command state

Command was aborted because of attempted command

overlap condition

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Sense Key ASC

0D 00

ASCQ Meaning

00 Physical end of medium detected

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REWIND (Group 0, Op Code 01)

When operating in single partition mode, the REWIND command causes the drive to

rewind the tape to the physical Beginning-Of-Partition (BOP) or load point.

CDB for REWIND command

Data Bits

Byte

IMM

Hex

IMM—Immediate: Not applicable for ATAPI drives

Application Note: When Writing in Buffered Mode, the target shall discard any

buffered data after a REWIND command is validated if the previous command was

terminated with a Check Condition status, and the drive is unable to write the data to

tape (as when a “hard” write error occurred).

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Chapter 5

SEND DIAGNOSTIC (Group 0, Code 1D)

The SEND DIAGNOSTIC command requests the target to perform diagnostic tests

on it. Except when the Self-Test bit is one, this command is usually followed by a

Receive Diagnostic Results command.

CDB for SEND DIAGNOSTIC command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

MSB

Parameter List Length

LSB

Parameter List Length: The Parameter List must be set to 0.

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SPACE (Group 0, Op. Code 11)

The SPACE command provides a means of positioning the tape forward or reverse

of the current position. The command can space over data blocks, filemarks,

sequential filemarks, or to the End-of-Data.

CDB for SPACE command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

DFE

MSB

Count

LSB

DFE—Data, Filemarks, End-of-Data: The DFE field determines the type of blocks

to be spaced over.

Bit 1

Bit 0

Description

Data (Logical) Blocks

Filemarks

Consecutive Filemarks

End of Recorded Data

Count: The Count Field specifies the number of data blocks, filemarks or

consecutive filemarks to be spaced over. A value of 0 results in no tape movement

and is not considered an error. A negative value -N (2’s complement notation) results

in a logical reverse space over N blocks or filemarks ending on the BOM side of the

last block or filemark.

Spacing Over Data Blocks: The number of logical (not physical) data blocks to be

spaced over is determined by the Count Field. If a Filemark or EOD is encountered

while spacing over data blocks, tape movement is stopped and the command

terminates with a Check Condition (Status 02h). The number of data blocks

remaining to be spaced over is located in the Sense Information bytes. If termination

was caused by a Filemark, the tape is positioned following the Filemark, the Sense

Key is set to 0h (No Sense) and the FM flag bit is set. If termination was caused by

EOD (End of Recorded Data), the Sense Key will be set to Blank Check (8h). If

Logical Early Warning is encountered, the command will complete normally, but

Check Condition Status will be reported. The Sense Key will be set to No Sense (0h)

and the EOM flag bit will be set. Bad data blocks will not be reported.

Spacing Over Filemark Blocks: In Space Over Filemark mode, data blocks are

ignored. When the command terminates normally, the tape is positioned following

the last Filemark read. If EOD s encountered, the command terminates with a Check

Condition (Status 02h) and the number of Filemarks remaining to be spaced over is

located in the Sense Information bytes returned by a REQUEST SENSE command.

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If Logical Early Warning is encountered, the command continues to normal

completion, then reports Check Condition with No Sense and EOM set in the Sense

Data.

NOTE: If RSMK is set in Mode Data Page 10h, Byte 8, Bit 5, Set Marks will be

treated as Filemarks when spacing over data.

Spacing Over Consecutive Filemark Blocks: The number of consecutive

filemarks to be spaced over is specified in the Count Field. The tape is positioned

following the last Filemark in the sequence. If a data block is encountered, the count

is restored to its original value and the space operation continues, following the data

block. If Logical Early Warning is encountered, the command continues to normal

completion, then reports Check Condition with No Sense and EOM set in the Sense

Data.

Spacing to the End-of-Data: When spacing to the End-of-Data, the Count Field is

ignored. The drive will take the most direct route available to position the tape at

EOD.

When Logical Early Warning is encountered during the SPACE EOD operation, the

drive will complete the command normally, except that it will send back a Check

Condition, No Sense, and the EOM bit set in the Sense Key byte.

NOTE: The drive may accept a non-media command while DSC is 0 and if BUSY is

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TEST UNIT READY (Group 0, Op Code 00)

This command performs a test to ensure that the tape drive is ready and a tape

cartridge is installed. TEST UNIT READY does not initiate the internal diagnostic

self-test. The drive does not disconnect during execution of this command.

CDB for TEST UNIT READY command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

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Chapter 5

VERIFY (Group 0, Op. Code 13)

The VERIFY command performs a Verification Check on a specified number of data

blocks on the tape without involving the Host. Verification starts at the present

position of the tape and continues for the specified number of blocks. If a data block

cannot be verified by CRC recovery then ECC and read retries will be employed in

an attempt to recover the data. The command terminates as a result of one of the

following conditions:

The specified number of blocks has been verified.

A Filemark or Setmark has been detected.

The End-of-Data has been reached.

A Verification failure occurred.

Upon termination, the tape is positioned to read the block following the last data

block or Filemark read correctly.

CDB for VERIFY command

Data Bits

Byte

IMM

FBM

Hex

BytCmp

MSB

Length Of Verification

LSB

IMM: When the IMMEDIATE bit is set to 0, status will be returned to the Host when

the VERIFY operation is completed. When set to 1, the status will be returned to the

Host as soon as the VERIFY operation is initiated.

NOTE: The ATAPI interface does not have an IMM bit or functional equivalent. The

DSC and BUSY bits in the Host taskfile status register indicate bus and

command status.

BytCmp: When the Byte Compare bit is set to 0, the drive will perform a media data

recoverability verification only. A Byte Compare bit set to 1 indicates the drive will

perform a byte-by-byte compare between data read from the media and data sent

from the Host. BytCmp=1 is not supported.

FBM: The Fixed Block Mode bit (FMB) set to 1 indicates fixed block mode operation.

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WRITE (Group 0, Op. Code 0A)

The WRITE command transfers the specified amount of data from the Initiator to the

tape drive. A rewind or other Write process terminating command (e.g., WRITE

FILEMARK with length set to 0) must be issued after the last write command to allow

the drive to finish writing all buffered data.

NOTE: The Imation Travan Cartridge specification requires cartridge conditioning

under specified conditions. Conditioning is achieved by running the tape one

complete end-to-end pass, and retensioning a cartridge when loading is

recommended.

The command terminates when one of the following conditions occurs.

The Transfer length field in the CDB has been satisfied and the data has been

transferred to the tape drive’s buffer (Buffered Mode).

The drive failed to find the append point.

An unrecoverable write error occurred. (Failed after 16 attempts to write the

block correctly.)

The physical or logical End-of-Media has been reached.

When the command terminates for a reason other than the first, the residue can be

obtained with a REQUEST SENSE command.

CDB for WRITE command

Data Bits

Byte

FMB

Hex

MSB

Transfer Length

LSB

Fixed Block Mode: The Fixed Block Mode (FBM) bit is associated with the Transfer

length field, as indicated below.

Transfer Length: If FBM is set to 1, this number specifies the number of blocks to

be transferred from the Initiator.

NOTE: The drive writes a “frame-oriented” recording format to tape. Data which

does not fill a frame will be retained in the buffer until:

1) enough additional data to fill a frame is received,

2) a terminating command to the WRITE process is received, or

3) Write Buffer Delay Time expires (see MODE SELECT).

Terminating commands are WRITE FILEMARK with IMM set to 0, REWIND,

SPACE, LOCATE, or Load/Unload.

The STT3401A drive will only accept WRITE commands at the Beginning-of-Tape

(BOT), Beginning-of-Partition (BOP) and End-of-Recorded-Data (EOD).

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

WRITE BUFFER (Group 1, Op. Code 3B)

The WRITE BUFFER command is used in conjunction with the READ BUFFER

command as a diagnostic tool or for downloading firmware. This command tests the

ATAPI Bus and the drive’s Data Buffer. The tape is not affected. Using Buffer ID and

Buffer Offset, data can be placed in any location in the buffer.

CDB for WRITE BUFFER command

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

Mode

Buffer I.D.

MSB

Buffer Offset

LSB

MSB

Transfer Length

LSB

MODE: The Mode Bits determine the operation and format as indicated in the table

below.

Mode Bits

Description

Reserved

Data only is written, no header.

Download firmware segments 1 through (N-1). Firmware is not

saved in EEPROM.

Download firmware segment N (last segment). Firmware is

saved (“flashed”) into EEPROM.

Reserved

Buffer I.D.: The Data Buffer is divided into 256 equal segments. (If the buffer size is

512KB, each segment is 2K). The Buffer ID specifies the segment into which the first

byte of data transferred by the Host is to be placed.

NOTE: If the buffer size is 2048KB, each segment will be 8K bytes in size and the

maximum offset will be 09ffh.

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Buffer Offset: This field specifies where the first data byte received from the Host is

to be placed in the Buffer specified by the Buffer ID field. Values greater than 07FFh

will give Check Condition, Illegal Request.

Transfer Length: This field specifies the number of bytes to be written into the

Buffer by the Host. The value includes the four-byte Header.

WRITE BUFFER Header (Mode 000b)

Data Bits

Byte

Hex

MSB

Buffer Capacity

LSB

Buffer Capacity: All bytes of this field must be set to 00h or the command will

terminate with an Illegal Request (Sense Key 5).

When Firmware is downloaded and saved to “Flash” EPROM, it is possible to verify

the check-sum stored in the firmware against the check-sum calculated as the

firmware was loaded. See LOG SENSE command page 3E.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

WRITE FILEMARK (Group 0, Op. Code 10)

This command writes a specified number of Filemark blocks to the tape.

CDB for WRITE FILEMARK command

Data Bits

Byte

IMM

Hex

WSMK

MSB

Transfer Length

LSB

WSMK—Write Setmarks: This bit must be set to 0. Writing Setmarks is not

supported. If RSMK is set to 0 in Mode Data page 10h, Byte 8, Bit 5, Illegal Request

will result when this bit is set in the CDB. Reading Setmarks is supported and

Setmarks are treated as Filemarks, but Setmarks are counted separately.

IMM—Immediate: When IMM is set to 1, the drive returns status upon verification of

the CDB. When IMM is set to 0, the drive writes all buffered data to the tape

including the specified number of filemarks, prior to sending command Complete

with “Good” status. Filemarks written in Immediate mode do not interrupt streaming.

NOTE: The ATAPI interface does not have an IMM bit or functional equivalent. IMM

is assumed to be set (1).

Transfer Length: Specifies the number of Filemark blocks to be written. When this

value is 0 (and IMM = 0), the drive writes all data in the Data Buffer to tape and no

Filemarks are written, but an EOD frame will be written. If it is successful, the drive

issues a Good Status. If not, it issues a Check Condition (Status 02). The Sense

Information Bytes returned by the REQUEST SENSE command reflect the number

of blocks remaining in the Data Buffer.

NOTE: The STT3401A maintains the total number of filemarks written in a session.

The counter may be read by means of the REQUEST SENSE command. If

the Immediate bit is set to 0, streaming will be interrupted when the last

block is written and the data buffer is flushed.

The locations of the filemarks are recorded in the media header. If the tape

is not rewound after the last WRITE command or WRITE FILEMARK

command, the media header will not be updated and it will not be accurate. If

the Eject button is pressed, the cartridge will be rewound and the media

header will be updated. If AutoPark is enabled, the drive will rewind the

cartridge and update the media header after the drive is idle for several

minutes.

If AutoPark is not enabled and the cartridge is not ejected, the cartridge in

the drive is vulnerable to a power shutdown or a power failure causing the

drive to leave the cartridge with an old version of the media header. The

cartridge will be useable, but the lack of an accurate header will cause

substantial delays during a SPACE or LOCATE command. This problem can

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ATAPI Interface

be avoided by simply insuring the cartridge is removed from the drive

following any WRITE or WRITE FILEMARK operations

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

ATA Command Descriptions

The following ATA commands are supported.

General Feature Set

EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC

IDENTIFY DEVICE

NOP

SET FEATURES

ATAPI Feature Set

ATAPI ‘DEVICE’ RESET

IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE

PACKET

Power Management Feature Set

CHECK POWER MODE

IDLE

IDLE IMMEDIATE

SLEEP

STANDBY

STANDBY IMMEDIATE

Much of this section is taken directly from the ATA-4 specification. Information that is

not relevant to this device has been omitted.

Opcode (Hex)

Command

Ref. page

NOP

107

DEVICE RESET

EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC

PACKET

108

IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE

STANDBY IMMEDIATE

IDLE IMMEDIATE

113

106

112

STANDBY

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Opcode (Hex)

Command

Ref. page

IDLE

105

CHECK POWER MODE

SLEEP

111

IDENTIFY DEVICE

SET FEATURES

109

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

CHECK POWER MODE (ATA Command E5)

The CHECK POWER MODE command allows the Host to determine the power

mode of the selected device. The device does not disconnect from the bus while

executing this command.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Sector Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Command

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Host Taskfile Registers—Normal Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd

tag type (not supported)

MCH

N/A

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

N/A

Sector Number result value

00h

device is in Standby mode

device is in Idle mode

80h

FFh

device is in Active or Idle mode

Byte Count

High

N/A

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Status

rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

RDY

DRQ

CHK

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DEVICE RESET (ATA Command 08)

The Device Reset command enables the Host to reset an individual device without

affecting the other device on the same IDE cable. This command shall be accepted

when BSY or DRQ is set to one, DRDY is cleared to 0, or DMARQ is asserted. This

command shall be accepted when in Sleep mode. The command will never end in an

error condition.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Sector

Number

Byte Count

High

N/A

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Command

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd

tag type (not supported)

MCH

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

ATAPI ‘signature’

Sector

Number

Byte Count

High

ATAPI ‘signature’

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

Status

RDY

DRQ

CHK

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC (ATA Command 90)

This command shall perform the internal diagnostic tests implemented by the device.

The DEV bit in the Device/Head register is ignored. Both devices, if present, shall

execute this command regardless of which device is selected.

If the Host issues an EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command while a device is

in or going to a power management mode except Sleep, then the device shall

execute its EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC sequence.

Error information is returned as a diagnostic code in the Error register.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host

HEX

Taskfile

Features

Sector Count

Sector

N/A

Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Command

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

SAM LUN (not used)

command

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host

HEX

Taskfile

Error

Sector Count

Sector

diagnostic code (see below)

ATAPI ‘signature’

Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

ATAPI ‘signature’

Device/Head

Status

BSY

RDY

rsvd

DSC DRQ

Corr

rsvd

CHK

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Diagnostic Code:

When this code is in the Error register of Device 0:

Code (hex) Device 0 Meaning

Device 1 Meaning

00, 02-7F

Failed. Bits 6:1 contain an error

Passed or is not present

code

Passed

Passed or is not present

Failed. See the Error register of Device 1

for details.

80, 82-FF

Failed. Bits 6:1 contain an error

code

Failed. See the Error register of Device 1

for details.

When this code is in the Error register of Device 1:

Code (hex) Device 0 Meaning Device 1 Meaning

00, 02-7F

N/A

Failed. Bits 6:1 contain an error code

Passed

N/A

80, 82-FF

N/A

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

IDENTIFY DEVICE (ATA Command EC)

This command allows an ATA (not ATAPI) device to report its capabilities to the

Host.

Since this device supports the PACKET feature set, this command will be aborted.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

Features

Sector Count

Sector

HEX

N/A

Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Command

rsvd LBA rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

Error

HEX

Rsv

tag type (not

supported)

MCH ABRT EOM

ILI

Sector Count

Sector

ATAPI ‘signature’

Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

ATAPI ‘signature’

Device/Head

Status

rsvd LBA rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

BSY

rsvd

DRQ

CHK

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ATAPI Interface

IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE (ATA Command A1)

This command allows an ATAPI (not ATA) device to report its capabilities to the

Host.

The data returned are very extensive and detailed. Please refer to the ATA-4

document for complete details. Many details that are not relevant to this device have

been omitted.

The result data returned to the Host will always be 512 bytes long.

Some parameters are defined as 32-bit values (e.g., words 57 and 58). Such fields

are transferred using two word transfers. The device shall first transfer the least

significant bits, bits 15 through 0 of the value, on (bus) bits DD (15:0) respectively.

After the least significant bits have been transferred, the most significant bits, bits 31

through 16 of the value, shall be transferred on DD (15:0) respectively.

Some parameters are defined as a string of ASCII characters. For the string

“Copyright,” the character “C” is the first byte; the character “o” is the 2^ndbyte, etc.

When such fields are transferred, the order of transmission is:

1. The 1^stcharacter (“C”) is on bits DD (15:8) of the first word

2. The 2^ndcharacter (“o”) is on bits DD (7:0) of the first word

3. The 3^rdcharacter (“p”) is on bits DD (15:8) of the second word

4. The 4^thcharacter (“y”) is on bits DD (7:0) of the second word

etc.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

Features

Sector Count

Sector

HEX

N/A

Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Command

rsvd LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

Error

HEX

rsvd

tag type (not

supported)

MCH ABRT EOM

ILI

Sector Count

Sector

N/A

Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

residual byte count (15 : 8)

residual byte count ( 7 : 0)

Device/Head

Status

rsvd LBA

BSY RDY

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

DRQ

CHK

40 or 50

IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE Data Returned to Host

Starting Offset

Word(s)

(hex)

Description of Contents

Value (hex)

General configuration bit-significant information:

81C0

15-14 10=ATAPI device

11=reserved

reserved

12-8 command packet set supported by the device

(01h = sequential access device)

6-5

1=removable media device

Method device uses when ready for Host to xfer

packet data

00=Microprocessor DRQ

(within 3 ms of receiving a PACKET command:

device shall set DRQ=1)

01=Interrupt DRQ

(sometime (no limit specified) after receiving

a PACKET command:

device shall assert INTRQ when DRQ=1

10=Accelerated DRQ

(within 50 microsecs of receiving a Packet

command: device shall set DRQ=1)

11=reserved

4-2

1-0

reserved

command packet size

00=12 byte command packet

01=16 byte command packet

1X=reserved

1-9

reserved

0000

varies

0000

10-19

20-22

23-26

27-46

47-48

Serial number (20 ASCII characters)

reserved

Firmware revision (8 ASCII characters)

Model number (40 ASCII characters) “Seagate STT3401A”

reserved

varies

0000

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Starting Offset

(hex)

Word(s)

Description of Contents

Value (hex)

Capabilities:

0A00

1=interleaved DMA support

1=command queuing supported

1=overlap operation supported

1=ATA software reset required (obsolete)

1=IORDY supported (must be set if device supports

PIO mode 3 or higher)

1=IORDY may be disabled (via the SET FEATURES

command)

1=LBA supported

0=DMA supported

7-0

vendor specific

reserved

0000

0200

15-8 PIO data transfer mode number

00h

01h

02h

PIO mode 0

PIO mode 1

PIO mode 2

03h-FFh reserved

7-0 vendor specific

reserved

0000

0002

Indicates which optional words are valid:

15-3 reserved

1=the fields reported in word 88 are valid

1=the fields reported in words 64-70 are valid

1=the fields reported in words 54-58 are valid

54-62

reserved for ATA devices

0000

Only one mode may be selected at a time. If an UltraDMA mode is selected,

then bits 15-8 must be 0.

multiword DMA transfer MODE SELECTed

15-11 reserved

10 1=multiword DMA mode 2 is selected

1=multiword DMA mode 1 is selected

1=multiword DMA mode 0 is selected

multiword DMA transfer modes supported

7-3 reserved

1=multiword DMA mode 2 is supported

1=multiword DMA mode 1 is supported

1=multiword DMA mode 0 is supported

15-8 reserved

advanced PIO transfer modes supported

7-2 reserved

0002

1=PIO mode 4 is supported

1=PIO mode 3 is supported

15-0 minimum multiword DMA transfer cycle time per word (nanosecs)

multiword DMA mode 2: 120 = 0078h

***01E0

multiword DMA mode 1: 150 = 0096h

multiword DMA mode 0: 480 = 01E0h

15-0 manufacturer’s recommended multiword DMA transfer cycle time

(nanosecs)

01E0

00B4

15-0 minimum PIO transfer cycle time without IORDY flow control (nanosecs)

PIO mode 4: 120 = 0078h

PIO mode 3: 180 = 00B4h

PIO mode 2: 240 = 00F0h

PIO mode 1: 383 = 017Fh

PIO mode 0: 600 = 0258h

15-0 minimum PIO transfer cycle time with IORDY flow control (nanosecs)

reserved

00B4

0000

69-70

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

Starting Offset

Word(s)

(hex)

Description of Contents

Value (hex)

15-0 typical time (3 sigma) from receipt of Packet command to release

0000

(nanosecs)

(not supported)

15-0 typical time (3 sigma) from receipt of Service command to BSY cleared to 0

0000

(nanosecs)

(not supported)

73-74

reserved

0000

Queue depth (not supported)

15-5 reserved

4-0 maximum queue depth supported

76-70

reserved

0000

001E

Major version number

15-5 reserved

1=supports ATA/ATAPI-4

1=supports ATA-3

1=supports ATA-2

1=supports ATA-1

reserved

Minor version number

000F

4278

000Fh =ATA/ATAPI-4 T13 1153D revision 7

Command and feature sets supported.

If words 82 and 83=0000h or FFFFh, then command set notification is not

supported.

15 1=IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA command is supported

14 1=NOP command is supported

13 1=READ BUFFER command is supported

12 1=WRITE BUFFER command is supported

11 1=WRITE VERIFY command is supported

10 1=Host Protected Area feature set is supported

1=DEVICE RESET command is supported

1=SERVICE interrupt is supported

1=release interrupt is supported

1=look-ahead is supported

1=write cache is supported

1=PACKET command feature set is supported

1=Power management feature set is supported

1=Removable Media feature set is supported

1=Security Mode feature set is supported

1=SMART feature set is supported

Command sets supported.

0000

If words 82 and 83=0000h or FFFFh, then command set notification is not

supported.

15 shall be cleared to 0

14 shall be set to one

13-3 reserved

1=Compact Flash feature set is supported

1=Read/Write DMA QUEUED command is supported

1=DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command is supported

Command set/feature supported extension.

4000

If words 82, 83, and 84 = 0000h or FFFFh, then command set notification extension

is not supported.

15 shall be cleared to 0

14 shall be set to one

13-0 reserved

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Starting Offset

(hex)

Word(s)

Description of Contents

Command and feature sets enabled.

Value (hex)

4278

If words 82 and 83=0000h or FFFFh, then command set notification is not enabled.

15 1=IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA command is enabled

14 1=NOP command is enabled

13 1=READ BUFFER command is enabled

12 1=WRITE BUFFER command is enabled

11 1=WRITE VERIFY command is enabled

10 1=Host Protected Area feature set is enabled

1=DEVICE RESET command is enabled

1=SERVICE interrupt is enabled

1=release interrupt is enabled

1=look-ahead is enabled

1=write cache is enabled

1=PACKET command feature set is enabled

1=Power management feature set is enabled

1=Removable Media feature set is enabled

1=Security Mode feature set is enabled

1=SMART feature set is enabled

Command sets supported.

0000

If words 82 and 83=0000h or FFFFh, then command set notification is not supported.

15 shall be cleared to 0

14 shall be set to one

13-3 reserved

1=Compact Flash feature set is enabled

1=Read/Write DMA QUEUED command is enabled

1=DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command is enabled

Command set/feature enabled default.

If words 82, 83, and 84 = 0000h or FFFFh, then command set notification extension

is not supported.

15 shall be cleared to 0

14 shall be set to one

13-0 reserved

4000

0000

Supported and selected UltraDMA modes

(not supported)

15-11 reserved

10 1=UltraDMA mode 2 is selected

1=UltraDMA mode 1 is selected

1=UltraDMA mode 0 is selected

7-3 reserved

1=UltraDMA mode 2 and below are supported

1=UltraDMA mode 1 and below are supported

1=UltraDMA mode 0 is supported

Time required for Security erase unit completion

(not supported)

0000

Time required for Enhanced security erase unit completion

(not supported)

Current advanced power management value

Master Password Revision Code

0000

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Chapter 5

Starting Offset

(hex)

Word(s)

Description of Contents

Value (hex)

Hardware reset result. The contents of bits 12-0 of this word shall change only during

the execution of a hardware reset.

varies

Shall be cleared to zero.

Shall be set to one.

1 = device detected CBLID- above ViH

0 = device detected CBLID- below ViL

Device 1 hardware reset result. Device 0 shall clear these bits to

zero. Device 1 shall set these bits as follows:

12-8

Reserved.

0 = Device 1 did not assert PDIAG-.

1 = Device 1 asserted PDIAG-.

These bits indicate how Device 1 determined the

10-9

Device number:

00 = Reserved.

01 = a jumper was used.

10 = the CSEL signal was used.

11 = some other method was used or the method is

unknown.

Shall be set to one.

7-0

Device 0 hardware reset result. Device 1 shall clear these bits to

zero. Device 0 shall set these bits as follows:

7 Reserved.

0 = Device 0 does not respond when Device 1 is

selected.

1 = Device 0 responds when Device 1 is selected.

0 = Device 0 did not detect the assertion of DASP-.

1 = Device 0 detected the assertion of DASP-.

0 = Device 0 did not detect the assertion of PDIAG-.

1 = Device 0 detected the assertion of PDIAG-.

0 = Device 0 failed diagnostics.

1 = Device 0 passed diagnostics.

2-1

These bits indicate how Device 0 determined the

device number:

00 = Reserved.

01 = a jumper was used.

10 = the CSEL signal was used.

11 = some other method was used or the method is

unknown.

Shall be set to one.

94-126

127

Reserved

Removable Media Status Notification feature set support

0000

15-2

1-0

Reserved

00 = Removable Media Status Notification feature set not

supported

01 = Removable Media Status Notification feature supported

10 = Reserved

11 = Reserved

128

Security status

15-9

7-6

Reserved

Security level 0 = High, 1 = Maximum

Reserved

1 = Enhanced security erase supported

1 = Security count expired

1 = Security frozen

1 = Security locked

1 = Security enabled

1 = Security supported

129-159

vendor specific

0000

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ATAPI Interface

Starting Offset

(hex)

Word(s)

Description of Contents

Value (hex)

160

CFA power mode 1

Word 160 supported

Reserved

CFA power mode 1 is required for one or more commands

implemented by the device

CFA power mode 1 disabled

Maximum current in ma

11-0

161-175

176-254

255

Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash Association

Reserved

Integrity word

XXXX

15-8

7-0

Checksum

Signature

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

IDLE (ATA Command E3)

This command is accepted but performs no function. This command normally allows

the Host to place the device in Idle mode using the standby timer. INTRQ is asserted

even though the device may not have fully transitioned to Idle mode.

If the Sector Count register is non-0, then the Standby timer shall be enabled. The

value in the Sector Count register shall be used to determine the time programmed

into the Standby timer.

If the Sector Count register is 0, then the Standby timer is disabled.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Standby timer setting:

00h timeout disabled

01h-F0h timeout= (value * 5) secs

F1h-FBh timeout= ( (value-240) * 30) min

FCh

FDh

FEh

FFh

timeout= 21 minutes

timeout= period between 8 and 12 hours

reserved

timeout= 21 min 15 sec

Sector Number

Byte Count High

Byte Count Low

Device/Head

N/A

rsvd

LBA rsvd

DEV

SAM LUN (not used)

Command

command

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd tag type (not supported)

MCH

N/A

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

Sector Number

Byte Count High

Byte Count Low

Device/Head

Status

N/A

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd CHK

BSY RDY

DRQ

40 or 50

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

IDLE IMMEDIATE (ATA Command E1)

This command is accepted but performs no function. This command allows the Host

to immediately place the device in Idle mode. INTRQ is asserted even though the

device may not have fully transitioned to Idle mode.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Sector

Number

Byte Count

High

N/A

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Command

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd

tag type (not supported)

MCH

N/A

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

N/A

Sector

Number

N/A

Byte Count

High

N/A

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Status

rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

RDY

DRQ

CHK

40 or 50

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

NOP (ATA Command 00)

This command allows a Host that only performs 16-bit register accesses, to check

device status.

If this command is supported, the drive shall respond, as it does to an unrecognized

command by setting the ABRT bit to 1 in the Error register, setting the Error bit in

the Status Register, clearing the BSY to 0 in the Status Register, and asserting

INTRQ signal.

This command is not supported. The device will abort the command.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Sector

Number

Byte Count

High

N/A

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Command

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd

tag type (not supported)

MCH

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

not changed

Sector

Number

Byte Count

High

not changed

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Status

rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

RDY

DRQ

CHK

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

PACKET (ATA Command A0)

The PACKET command is used to transfer a device command via a command

packet.

See the section ATAPI Packet Protocol, above for details.

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

SET FEATURES (ATA Command EF)

This command is used by the Host to establish parameters that affect the execution

of certain device features.

At power on, or after a hardware reset, the default setting of the functions specified

by the subcommands are vendor specific. If any subcommand input value is not

supported or is invalid, the device posts an Aborted command error.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

Subcommand code

Subcommand specific

Sector Count

Sector

Number

Byte Count

High

Subcommand specific

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Command

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Supported Subcommands

Value

Description

03h

66h

Set transfer mode, based on the value in the Sector Count register.

Disable revert to POR values

Set Transfer Mode Values

Mode

PIO default mode

Bits 7:3

00000b

00001b

00010b

00100b

01000b

Bits 2:0

000b

PIO default mode, disable IORDY (not supported)

PIO flow control transfer mode

(retired)

001b

mode

N/A

Multiword DMA mode

Ultra DMA mode

mode

(not supported)

Reserved

10000b

N/A

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd

tag type (not supported)

MCH

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

Sector Number

N/A

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Status

rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

RDY

DRQ

CHK

40 or 50

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

SLEEP (ATA Command E6)

This command provides the only way for the device to enter Sleep mode.

It causes the device to set the BSY bit to one, prepare to enter Sleep mode, clear the

BSY bit to 0 and assert INTRQ. The Host shall read the Status register in order to

clear the interrupt and allow the device to enter Sleep mode. In Sleep mode, the

interface becomes inactive without affecting the operation of the interface. The Host

shall not attempt to access the Command Block registers while the device is in Sleep

mode.

Because some Host systems may not read the Status register and clear the

interrupt, a device may automatically de-assert INTRQ and enter Sleep mode after a

vendor specific time period of not less that 2 seconds. The only way to recover from

Sleep mode is with a SOFTWARE RESET (SRST), a HARDWARE RESET, or a

DEVICE RESET command.

A device shall not power on in Sleep mode nor remain in Sleep mode following a

reset sequence.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Sector Number

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Command

Rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

Rsvd tag type (not supported)

MCH

N/A

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

Sector Number

N/A

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

N/A

Device/Head

Status

Rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

RDY

DRQ

CHK

40 or 50

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Chapter 5

ATAPI Interface

STANDBY (ATA Command E2)

This command is accepted but performs no function. This command causes the

device to enter the Standby mode.

If the Sector Count register is non-0, then the Standby timer shall be enabled. The

value in the Sector Count register shall be used to determine the time programmed

into the Standby timer.

If the Sector Count register is 0, then the Standby timer is disabled.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Standby timer setting:

00h timeout disabled

01h-F0h timeout= (value * 5) sec

F1h-FBh timeout= ( (value-240) * 30) min

FCh

FDh

FEh

FFh

timeout= 21 minutes

timeout= period between 8 and 12 hours

reserved

timeout= 21 min 15 sec

Sector

Number

N/A

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Command

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd

tag type (not supported)

MCH

N/A

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

N/A

Sector

Number

N/A

Byte Count

High

N/A

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Status

rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

RDY

DRQ

CHK

40 or 50

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ATAPI Interface

Chapter 5

STANDBY IMMEDIATE (ATA Command E0)

This command is accepted but performs no function. This command causes the

device to immediately enter the Standby mode.

Host Taskfile Registers—Inputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Features

N/A

Sector Count

Sector

Number

Byte Count

High

N/A

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Command

rsvd

LBA

rsvd

DEV

command

SAM LUN (not used)

Host Taskfile Registers—Outputs

Data Bits

Host Taskfile

HEX

Error

rsvd

tag type (not supported)

MCH

N/A

ABRT

EOM

ILI

Sector Count

N/A

Sector

Number

N/A

Byte Count

High

Byte Count

Low

Device/Head

Status

rsvd

BSY

LBA

rsvd

DEV

DSC

SAM LUN (not used)

Corr rsvd

RDY

DRQ

CHK

40 or 50

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Chapter 6

Travan 40 tape format

Introduction

The Seagate Travan 40 drives conform to the Travan 640 and the QIC-3220-MC

recording format standards. These formats are for streaming magnetic tape in a

minicartridge that is to be used for information interchange among information

processing systems, communication systems, and associated equipment.

This chapter provides an overview of the Travan 40 tape format.

Tape partitioning

The drive uses factory pre-written Travan 40 media. The tape is always divided into

two partitions:

Partition 1 is the directory partition and is recorded on the Directory track only.

Partition 0 contains the data (tracks 0 through 107) and is recorded on all tracks

except the Directory track.

Recording data at 192,000 bits per inch (BPI), the drive can store 20 Gbytes of data

on a Travan 40 cartridge. Using software data compression, these capabilities are

typically doubled.

The recording format and partitioning support Quick File Access (QFA).

Track positions

Each track is written referenced to servo patterns written between the BOT holes

and Load Point on the BOT end of the tape, and between EOT and EW on the EOT

end of the Tape. The servo pattern is written across the entire width of the tape. The

Directory Track has larger guard bands on both sides to allow it to be written without

interfering with its adjacent tracks.

The data tracks are divided into 4 bands with 3 sub-bands each to reduce the time

required to change from track to track. Tracks are grouped into bands, as shown in

the following table:

Band

Starting Track

Ending Track

Direction

Forward

Reverse

Forward

Reverse

106

107

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Travan 40 tape format

Chapter 6

The tracks and bands are arranged to allow approximately constant distance

between all sequential tracks. Band 1 is located nearest the bottom edge of tape.

Band 2 is located above band 1. Continuing up sequentially is band 3 and band 4

(nearest the top edge of tape). The directory track is located between bands 2 and 3.

Track numbering

All even numbered tracks, and the Directory Track, are recorded in the forward

direction (the direction from the BOT marker to the EOT marker). All odd numbered

tracks are recorded in the reverse direction (the direction from the EOT marker to

the BOT marker). All even numbered tracks are located below the Directory Track;

all odd numbered tracks are above it.

Track format

Tracks are recorded sequentially beginning with track 0, then track 1, and so on.

Before recording, data are grouped into blocks, and blocks are grouped into frames

with 510 blocks per frame.

Two numbering methods are used for blocks: physical numbering and logical

numbering. Both numbers start from 0 at the beginning of each partition.

Physical numbering is related directly to the recorded block on the tape. Each

new block is given a unique physical number, regardless of its contents.

Logical numbering does not relate to the blocks physically recorded on the tape;

rather, this type of numbering is the block numbering system used by the host

computer. Often the host system operates with logical blocks that are a different

size from the 512-byte blocks that are physically recorded on the tape.

The host blocks can be larger or smaller than 512-bytes and can also be fixed or

variable. Fixed host blocks contain the same number of data bytes in each block.

Variable host blocks may contain a different number of data bytes in each block.

The format provides both a physical block number for each block recorded on the

tape and a logical block number that can span more than one physical block. These

two numbers are recorded in the control field of every block.

Frames

Every track on the tape is recorded in blocks that contain 512 data bytes. The data

bytes are 8-bit bytes, which are numbered b0 to b7 with b7 being the most significant

bit.

A frame is made up of 510 blocks—470 data blocks plus 40 error-correction code

(ECC) blocks. Figure 16 illustrates the general track layout of sequentially recorded

frames.

Frame N

Frame N+1 Frame N+2 Frame N+3 Frame N+4

Figure 16

General track layout

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Chapter 6

Travan 40 tape format

Frames are numbered indirectly using the 26 most significant bits of the Physical

Block Address. Frame operation is controlled by the drive and generally invisible to

the host. Frames are used primarily as a means to control the error correction

operations.

Frames can be overwritten with new data frames or an End-of-Data (EOD) frame.

Append operations can only begin at EOD.

An underrun is not allowed in the middle of a frame, regardless of the frame type.

Filler blocks can be used to complete a frame as long as they are not used interior to

a logical block.

A frame that cannot be completed on one track is rewritten in its entirety at the

beginning of the following track. Frames are not split around corner turns.

The general frame layout—470 data blocks and 40 ECC blocks—is illustrated in the

table below.

Data

Block

Data

Block

Data

Block

...

Data

Block

470

ECC

Block

ECC

Block

...

ECC

Block

The four types of frames are as follows:

Data frames contain data and information blocks in addition to ECC blocks.

The Media Header frame contains only Media Header blocks and ECC blocks.

This frame is recorded as the first frame on the Directory Track.

Track ID frames are recorded as part of the pre-formatting process of the

cartridge. These frames are easily distinguished from other frame types because

they reside entirely outside of the data region of the tape.

An EOD frame is an absolute indicator of the end of the recorded data. It is

recorded after the last frame containing host data upon terminating a Write

process.

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Travan 40 tape format

Chapter 6

Blocks

Information in the Block Control byte determines the type of block being recorded

except for ECC blocks, which are recognized by their block numbers. Also,

information about the number of user data bytes available in each data block is

recorded in the Block Control byte of the block.

The Data Field of the blocks always contains 512 bytes. However, the number of

valid data bytes in the block may be less than 512.

The seven different types of blocks are as follows:

Data blocks contain user data. A full Data block contains 512 bytes; however,

data block can contain from 1 through 511 valid data bytes depending on the

selected logical block size of the host.

Media Header blocks contain specific host, drive, and vendor information as

well as the Volume Directory. The first frame on the Directory Track is the Media

Header Frame. This frame contains 470 Media Header blocks (plus the normal

40 ECC blocks).

Information blocks—Filemark blocks, Setmark blocks, and Cancelmark

blocks—contain specific types of information. Filemark blocks are physical

blocks written to tape in response to a host WRITE FILEMARKS command.

Setmark blocks are physical blocks written to tape in response to a host WRITE

SETMARKS command. Cancelmark blocks are physical blocks written to tape

under firmware control.

Filler blocks contain no valid information in the data area. These blocks are

used to fill incomplete frames.

EOD blocks are absolute indicators of the end of recorded data.

ECC blocks contain error correction parity bytes that are used to ensure data

integrity during read operations.

Track ID blocks are recorded as part of the pre-formatting process of the

cartridge.

Tape reference servo pattern

To increase track density, a track servo reference pattern is prerecorded on the tape

at the factory. The pattern is recorded referenced to servo patterns in the region

between the beginning-of-tape (BOT) hole and the load point market (LP) hole. The

same pattern is recorded between the end-of-tape (EOT) hole and the early warning

(EW) hole. The servo pattern is written across the entire width of the tape.

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Chapter 6

Travan 40 tape format

Write equalization

The drive uses the technique of write equalization. Write equalization inserts short

pulses in the write current to break up the long spacing intervals. These pulses are

too short to be detected in the read process but result in significant improvement in

read-back resolution.

On 1650-Oersted media, write equalization provides the benefit of compatibility with

Magneto-Resistive (MR) heads. MR heads are prone to saturation by low frequency

flux with high energy content. Equalization redistributes this energy to higher

frequencies and eliminates the problem.

Randomization

To reduce problems resulting from long strings of repetitive data with a bad peak

shift or amplitude characteristics, a data randomizer algorithm is used on all bytes in

the data and control area of each block. This randomizing takes place prior to the

encoding of the data.

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Theory of operations

Chapter 7

Theory of operations

Overview

The Seagate Travan 40 drives provide a low-cost, high-performance minicartridge

backup system that is ideal for stand-alone users or small network computer

systems. With capacities of 20.0 Gbytes to 40.0 Gbytes dependent upon media and

data compression, this drive offers quick, efficient backup and restore operations. Its

throttle feature automatically selects the appropriate transfer rate—1.2 Mbytes per

second or 2.0 Mbytes per second—based on the speed of the operating system.

The Travan 40 drives are based on proven Seagate designs, Seagate firmware, and

the latest technology. This drive uses second generation, custom LSIs for efficient

circuit layout and increased reliability with low power consumption. The drives also

use flash EEPROM devices for easy firmware upgrades.

This chapter describes the drive in more detail and explains implementation specific

information.

Block diagram

The electronics of the STT2401A and STT3401A are laid out on one main printed

circuit board (PCB). Figure 18 shows a simplified block diagram of the drive.

256KB

EEPROM

(5 volt)

V20 uP

(10 MHz)

Head,

Non RWW

Read Channel

Write Driver

40 MHz

Crystal

Stepper

Motor

Control Logic Module

Digital ASIC

buffer mgr.

ECC

IDE

Interface

Capstan

Motor

Control

RWW

IDE ONLY

Sensors:

-cartridge present

-write protect

-tape hole

512KB

DRAM

Figure 18 Simplified block diagram for STT2401A and STT3401A

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Chapter 7

Theory of operations

Drive mechanisms

This section generally describes the hardware design features of the Seagate Travan

40 drive. You may want to refer to the block diagrams referenced previously as you

read this information.

Mechanics

The mechanical package for the Travan 40 drive was designed to provide you with

all the advantages of easy cartridge loading and unloading while maintaining the

positioning accuracy necessary for high-density data recording. The orientation of the

cartridge is the same as the majority of Travan minicartridge drives in the field.

Cartridge-load mechanism

The cartridge is inserted in the drive by sliding it through the aperture in the bezel

and into a tray mechanism. When fully inserted the back portion of the cartridge

protrudes about 3/4-inch from the aperture. A switch is actuated at this point that

causes a microprocessor to complete the loading operation.

When the tape is in motion, the green LED on the front panel flashes. The LED is not

lit when the tape is positioned at BOT.

Capstan/drive-motor assembly

In the Travan drive, the capstan/belt motor assembly drives the cartridge, which is on

a linear slide. The cartridge is loaded against the cartridge drive roller, which exerts a

net radial dynamic force of 17 to 19 ounces. The motor is a brushless DC drive

motor with integral capstan, which is designed to provide maximum reliability.

The motor operates from the 12V nominal supply and moves the tape at speeds

from 56 to 110 inches per second (IPS).

Chassis

The drive mechanism is mounted in a molded frame that provides the mounting

holes for the industry standard 3.5-inch by 1-inch form factor. A 5.25-inch mounting

kit is an available option. The bezel is a simple snap-on design that is available in

several standard and custom colors. The front-panel LED is green and indicates tape

activity.

Control circuits

The control logic module shown in Figure 18 includes a buffer manager to handle

data movement between the controller, the buffer, and the tape formatter. This

module also includes logic to perform ECC and CRC generation and testing,

WRITE/READ data formatting, head stepper control, and drive motor control.

The microprocessor directs all functions performed by the control logic. The

instructions are read from a flash EEPROM, which can be updated with new

firmware through a specially written tape cartridge.

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Theory of operations

Chapter 7

The 8-Mbyte DRAM data buffer allows the drive to maintain streaming when the host

cannot provide data continuously at the tape-streaming rate.

The write driver receives data from the write formatter and generates write current,

causing data to be written on tape by the tape head.

The read channel amplifies and conditions the signal from the tape head and passes

it back to the read formatter.

The head stepper and drive motor both receive current from the control logic to

control the stepping of the head from track to track and to move the tape forward and

back across the tape head.

Head design

The recording/playback head is a state-of-the art, thin-film design—a thin-film

inductive write head paired with an advanced magneto-resistive read head. This

head design provides the drive with exceptional performance and reliability. The

material composition of the head also results in exceptional wear characteristics,

resulting in stable performance throughout the life of the drive.

Flash EEPROM

Because the drive uses flash EEPROM (electronically erasable, programmable read-

only memory), the drive firmware can be easily upgraded when new revisions of the

firmware are released. The circuitry includes 2 Mbytes of flash EEPROM.

You can load new firmware by using a specially encoded firmware upgrade cartridge.

Refer to chapter 4 for information about loading new firmware using a Seagate

firmware upgrade cartridge.

Sensors and switches

A number of mechanical and optical sensors and switches are integrated in the drive

design. The Cartridge In switch detects when a cartridge is fully loaded and

positioned against the A-plane datum of the cartridge. The Unsafe switch senses the

position of the SAFE indicator on the cartridge and disables writing of write-protected

(SAFE) cartridges. A temperature sensor reduces the tape speed when excessive

ambient temperatures are detected

The Head-Position Sensor is an electro-optical assembly (LED and photo-transistor)

to determine the approximate head position.

The drive has an electro-optical sensor assembly comprised of a solid-state light

source (LED) and a photo-sensor (photo-transistor) that sense the beginning-of-tape

(BOT), end-of-tape (EOT), load point, and early warning holes of the cartridge.

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Chapter 7

Theory of operations

Drive media (Travan minicartridges)

The drive is designed to use Travan 40 cartridges. These small (approximately 2

inches by 3 inches by 0.4 inch) cartridges house 1650-Oersted Gamma Ferric Oxide

magnetic tape. Figure 19 shows a Travan minicartridge.

Figure 19

Travan minicartridge

The cartridge also provides for write protection so that existing data on the cartridge

is not overwritten. A write-protected cartridge allows the existing data to be read but

does not allow new data to be written to the tape. The position of the sliding write-

protect tab on the cartridge determines whether or not data can be written to the

tape. See chapter 4 for illustrations of the write-protect position.

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Glossary

Appendix A

Glossary

This section defines some of the acronyms and technical terms used in this manual.

ABRT

ANSI

Status register bit: command has been aborted

American National Standards Institute

AT (bus) Attachment

ATA

ATA-1

ATA-2

ATA-3

ATA-4

ATAPI

The first defined standard for ATA devices.

Revision 2 of ATA-1

Revision 3 of ATA-1

Revision 4 of ATA-1. This revision introduced UltraDMA

ATA Packet Interface—The interface providing for communications

between the host computer and the drive (standard QIC-157). This is

a protocol defined for devices that physically attach to the AT bus, but

which store parameters in command packets instead of using the

Host taskfile registers.

AZIMUTH

The angular deviation, in minutes of arc, of the mean flux transition

line from the normal to the cartridge reference plane.

BEZEL

BIOS

Front panel of drive

Basic I/O Subsystem

BIT

A single digit in binary number system.

BIT CELL

A length of magnetic recording tape within which the occurrence of a

flux transition signifies a “one” bit and the absence signifies a “0” bit.

BMIDE

BLOCK

Bus Master IDE

A group of 512 consecutive data bytes plus additional control bytes

recorded as a unit.

BOM

BOP

Beginning of Media

Beginning of Partition. The position at the beginning of the permissible

recording region of a partition.

BOT

Beginning of tape marker indicating beginning of tape.

Bits per inch

BPI

BRIDGE

An electronic device that physically connects two or more dissimilar

busses, perhaps including complex behaviors or translations.

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Appendix A

Glossary

BSY

Status register bit: device is busy

BUFFER

Intermediate storage space used to hold data between two processes

that proceed at different rates.

BUFFER

OVERRUN

A condition developed when the Host is unable to receive data at the

rate required by the tape streaming operation when reading.

BUFFER

UNDERRUN

A condition developed when Host transmits or receives data at a rate

less than that required by the tape streaming operation when

recording.

BUS

MASTERING

This is an implementation of DMA where a device other than the Host

processor is in control of the DMA hardware

BYTE

A group of 8 binary (10 GCR) bits operated on as a unit.

CABLE SELECT

This is a signal within the IDE cable. It may optionally be used to

determine the logical addresses of devices connected to the cable.

CANCELMARK

CARTRIDGE

A "negative" Filemark or Setmark. When a Cancelmark follows as the

first block in the next frame after a Filemark or Setmark, the drive when

reading the tape will logically ignore the Cancelmark and the Filemark

or Setmark it cancels.

A Travan cartridge or DC2000 Minicartridge containing 8-mm wide

magnetic tape wound on two co-planar hubs and driven by an internal

belt which is coupled by an internal belt capstan to the external drive.

The term may also refer to a cartridge enclosing a cleaning tape.

CDB

Command Descriptor Block

CHIPSET

A set of electronic devices that provide critical bus connection and

protocol functions on the motherboard of a computer.

CHK

Status register bit: a Check Condition (error) has occurred

COD BIT

CRC

Interrupt Reason register bit: Command / Data. 1=Command. 0=Data

Cyclical Redundancy Check. A two byte code derived from information

contained in the data block and block number byte and recorded after

the data block and block number byte for Read and Read After Write

verification.

CSA

Canadian Standard Association

See CABLE SELECT

CSEL

DATA BLOCK

A block containing user valid data in its data field

DATA

COMPRESSION

The process of removing redundant data from a data stream before

recording the data to tape. Compressed data requires less storage

space than uncompressed data.

DENSITY

DEV BIT

The maximum allowable flux transitions per unit length for a specific

recording standard.

ATAPI Drive/Head register bit: Device selector. 1=select drive 1

(slave). 0=select drive 0 (master)

Page 124

Seagate Travan 40 Product Manual

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Glossary

Appendix A

(slave). 0=select drive 0 (master)