Radian Series Inverter/Charger
GS8048
Operator’s Manual
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Important Safety Instructions
READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS!
This manual contains important safety instructions for the Radian Series Inverter/Charger. Read all
instructions and cautionary markings on the inverter and on any accessories or additional equipment
included in the installation. Failure to adhere to these instructions could result in severe shock or
possible electrocution. Exercise extreme caution at all times to prevent accidents.
Audience
This manual is intended for anyone required to operate the Radian Series Inverter/Charger. Operators
must be familiar with all the safety regulations pertaining to operating this kind of equipment as
dictated by local code. Operators must also have a complete understanding of this equipment’s
features and functions. Do not use this product unless it has been installed by a qualified installer in
accordance with the Radian Series Inverter/Charger Installation Manual.
Symbols Used
WARNING: Hazard to Human Life
This type of notation indicates that the hazard could be harmful to human life.
CAUTION: Hazard to Equipment
This type of notation indicates that the hazard may cause damage to the equipment.
IMPORTANT:
This type of notation indicates that the information provided is important to
the installation, operation and/or maintenance of the equipment. Failure to
follow the recommendations in such a notation could result in voiding the
equipment warranty.
Definitions
The following is a list of initials, terms, and definitions used in conjunction with this product.
Table 1
Definition
Terms and Definitions
Term
12V AUX
AC
Auxiliary connection that supplies 12 Vdc to control external devices.
Alternating Current; refers to voltage produced by the inverter, utility grid, or generator
Advanced Generator Start
AGS
CSA
Canadian Standards Association; establishes Canadian national standards and the Canadian
Electrical Code, including C22.1 and C22.2
DC
Direct Current; refers to voltage produced by the batteries or renewable source
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Important Safety Instructions
Table 1
Terms and Definitions
Term
DVM
ETL
Definition
Digital Voltmeter
Electrical Testing Laboratories; short for the company ETL Semko; refers to a certification issued by
ETL to OutBack products indicating that they meet certain UL standards
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
GND
Ground; a permanent conductive connection to earth for safety reasons; also known as Chassis
Ground, Protective Earth, PE, Grounding Electrode Conductor, and GEC
Grid-interactive,
grid-intertie, grid-tie
Utility grid power is available for use and the inverter is a model capable of returning (selling)
electricity back to the utility grid
HBX
IEEE
High Battery Transfer; a function of the remote system display
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; refers to a series of standards and practices for the
testing of electrical products
LBCO
Low Battery Cut-Out; set point at which the inverter shuts down due to low voltage
Light-Emitting Diode
LED
NEC
National Electric Code
NEU
AC Neutral; also known as Common
Off-grid
PV
Utility grid power
Photovoltaic
available for use
is not
RELAY AUX
RTS
Auxiliary connection that uses switch (relay) contacts to control external devices.
Remote Temperature Sensor; accessory that measures battery temperature for charging
Split-phase
A type of utility electrical system with 2 “hot” lines that are 120 Vac with respect to neutral and 240
Vac between the “hot” lines; common in North America
System display
Remote interface device (such as the MATE3), used for monitoring, programming and
communicating with the inverter; also called “remote system display”
UL
Underwriters Laboratories; refers to a set of safety standards governing electrical products
Utility grid
The electrical service and infrastructure supported by the electrical or utility company; also called
“mains”, “utility service”, or “grid”
General Safety
WARNING: Limitations on Use
This equipment is NOT intended for use with life support equipment or other medical
equipment or devices.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Only use components or accessories recommended or sold by OutBack Power
Technologies or its authorized agents.
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Table of Contents
Important Safety Instructions ........................................................................1
Audience .................................................................................................................................................................................1
Symbols Used ........................................................................................................................................................................1
Definitions...............................................................................................................................................................................1
General Safety .......................................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.................................................................................................5
Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies.................................................................................................................5
MATE3 System Display and Controller.........................................................................................................................6
Commissioning ............................................................................................7
Functional Test......................................................................................................................................................................7
Pre-startup Procedures ..................................................................................................................................................................7
Startup.................................................................................................................................................................................................7
Powering Down................................................................................................................................................................................8
Adding New Devices.......................................................................................................................................................................8
Firmware Updates ...........................................................................................................................................................................8
Operation ....................................................................................................9
Input Modes ...........................................................................................................................................................................9
Generator............................................................................................................................................................................................9
Support..............................................................................................................................................................................................10
Grid Tied............................................................................................................................................................................................11
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply).......................................................................................................................................12
Backup ...............................................................................................................................................................................................13
Mini Grid............................................................................................................................................................................................13
Functions.............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Inverting............................................................................................................................................................................................15
Search ................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Input...................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Generator..........................................................................................................................................................................................18
Transfer..............................................................................................................................................................................................18
Offset..................................................................................................................................................................................................19
Battery Charging ............................................................................................................................................................................20
Charging Steps................................................................................................................................................................................20
Equalization .....................................................................................................................................................................................24
Battery Temperature Compensation.......................................................................................................................................24
Multiple-Inverter Installations (Stacking)...............................................................................................................................26
Power Save Levels..........................................................................................................................................................................28
Auxiliary Terminals ........................................................................................................................................................................29
System Display-Based Functions................................................................................................................................. 32
Advanced Generator Start (AGS) ..............................................................................................................................................32
High Battery Transfer....................................................................................................................................................................32
Grid Use Time ..................................................................................................................................................................................32
Troubleshooting.........................................................................................33
Basic Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Error Messages ................................................................................................................................................................... 39
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Table of Contents
Warning Messages............................................................................................................................................................ 40
Disconnect Messages ...................................................................................................................................................... 42
Sell Status............................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Specifications .............................................................................................45
Specifications for Model GS8048................................................................................................................................. 45
Environmental Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Regulatory Specifications............................................................................................................................................... 46
Firmware Revision............................................................................................................................................................. 47
Default Settings and Ranges......................................................................................................................................... 47
Product Registration ...................................................................................49
Extended Warranty........................................................................................................................................................... 50
Warranty....................................................................................................51
How to Arrange for Warranty Service ........................................................................................................................ 52
Contacting OutBack......................................................................................................................................................................52
Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................................................................................52
Return Material Authorization (RMA)......................................................................................................................................52
Returning Product to OutBack ..................................................................................................................................................53
Out of Warranty..............................................................................................................................................................................53
Index .........................................................................................................55
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11
Terms and Definitions ...................................................................................................................................................1
Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................................................33
Error Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................................39
Warning Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................................40
Disconnect Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................42
Sell Status Messages ....................................................................................................................................................43
Electrical Specifications for Model GS8048..........................................................................................................45
Mechanical Specifications for Model GS8048 .....................................................................................................45
Environmental Specifications for All Models.......................................................................................................46
Radian Series Interconnection Response Times to Abnormal Voltages or Frequencies (per leg).....46
GS8048 Inverter Settings............................................................................................................................................47
List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
GS8048 Inverter/Charger .............................................................................................................................................5
MATE3 System Display and Controller ....................................................................................................................6
Charging Stages Over Time ....................................................................................................................................21
Charging Stages Over Time (Generator mode) ..................................................................................................21
Repeated Charging Cycles.........................................................................................................................................23
OutBack HUB4 and MATE3 ........................................................................................................................................26
Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)........................................................................27
AC Test Points ................................................................................................................................................................33
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Introduction
Welcome to OutBack Power Technologies
Thank you for purchasing the OutBack Radian Series Inverter/Charger. This product offers a complete
power conversion system between batteries and AC power. It can provide backup power, sell power
back to the utility grid or provide complete stand-alone off-grid service.
ꢀ Battery-to-AC inverting which delivers split-phase
120/240 Vac at 60 Hz
ꢀ AC-to-battery charging from any AC source
ꢀ Uses energy from photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, and
other renewable resources. Use of OutBack FLEXmax
charge controllers will optimize power production from
PV sources.
ꢀ Dual AC inputs allow direct connection to utility grid and
AC generator
ꢀ Rapid transfer between AC source and inverter output
with minimal delay time
ꢀ Six selectable input modes for different applications
∼
∼
∼
∼
∼
∼
Generator
Support
Grid Tied
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
Backup
Mini Grid
ꢀ 8000 watts (8 kW) continuous power at 48 Vdc
ꢀ 16.97 kVA peak surge capacity
ꢀ Stackable in parallel configuration up to 10 inverters
ꢀ Modular internal design allows low idle consumption and
high efficiency at both high and low power operation
ꢀ Field-upgradeable firmware
ꢀ Certified by ETL to UL1741 and CSA C22.2
ꢀ Uses MATE3 System Display and Controller
Figure 1 GS8048 Inverter/Charger
IMPORTANT:
The Radian Series Inverter/Charger is not intended for use with the OutBack MATE or
MATE2 System Display and Controller. It is only compatible with the MATE3 System
Display and Controller.
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Introduction
MATE3 System Display and Controller
The Radian inverter/charger has no external controls. It can operate normally without an external
control or interface. Basic modes and settings are pre-programmed at the factory. (See page 47 for
default settings.) The Radian inverter has no display or LED indicators. It is not possible to monitor its
status or operating mode without a metering device.
The MATE3 System Display and Controller (sold separately) is an OutBack product designed to
accommodate programming and monitoring of an OutBack power system. The MATE3 provides the
means to adjust the factory default settings to correctly match the installation where needed. It also
provides the means to monitor system performance and troubleshoot fault or shutdown conditions.
Once settings are modified using a MATE3, the MATE3 can be removed from the installation. The
settings are stored in the non-volatile memory of the Radian. However, it is highly recommended to
include a MATE3 as part of the system. This provides the means to monitor system performance and
respond quickly should it be necessary to correct a fault or shutdown condition.
The MATE3’s Configuration Wizard is capable of automatically configuring inverters to a series of
preset values. This is often more efficient than attempting to manually program each setting in each
inverter. Affected fields include system type, battery charging, and AC source configuration. (For
more information, see the MATE3 Owner’s Manual).
The Radian Series Inverter/Charger can only be used with MATE3 firmware revision
NOTE:
002.005.xxx or higher.
IMPORTANT:
Some functions are not based in the inverter, but are part of the MATE3
system display’s firmware. They will not function if the system display is
removed. These functions are listed beginning on page 32. For a detailed
description of functions and programming, please see the MATE3 Owner’s
Manual.
Figure 2 MATE3 System Display and Controller
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Commissioning
Functional Test
WARNING: Shock Hazard and Equipment Damage
It is necessary to remove the cover of the Radian inverter to perform these tests. The components are close
together and carry hazardous voltages. Use appropriate care to avoid the risk of electric shock or
equipment damage.
Pre-startup Procedures
1. Ensure all DC and AC overcurrent devices are opened, disconnected, or turned off.
2. Double-check all wiring connections.
3. Inspect the work area to ensure tools or debris have not been left inside.
4. Using a digital voltmeter (DVM) or standard voltmeter, verify battery voltage. Confirm the
voltage is correct for the inverter model. Confirm the polarity.
5. Connect the MATE3 system display, if present.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Incorrect battery polarity will damage the inverter. Excessive battery voltage also may damage the inverter.
This damage is not covered by the warranty.
Startup
If steps are inapplicable, they can be omitted. However, it is highly recommended that all applicable
steps be performed in the following order.
If the results of any step do not match the description, see the Troubleshooting section on page 33.
To start the system:
1. Close the main DC circuit breakers (or connect the fuses) from the battery bank to the inverter.
Repeat for every inverter present.
2. Confirm that the MATE3 is operational, if present. (See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual for a
description of the menu items that appear on a correctly functioning display.)
3. Turn on the inverter using the MATE3 or external switch. Unlike previous OutBack inverters, this
product’s default condition is Off.
4. Using a DVM, verify 120 Vac between the L1 OUT and NEU terminals, and between the L2 OUT and
NEU terminals. Verify 240 Vac between the L1 OUT and L2 OUT terminals. Do not turn on any AC
circuit breakers at this time. (See page 33 for an illustration of AC test points.)
5. Using the MATE3, perform all programming for input modes, stacking, battery charging, AC
current, generator starting, and any other functions. Refer to the Input Modes section beginning
on page 9 and the Functions section beginning on page 15. Also refer to the MATE3 Owner’s
Manual and any other literature as needed.
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Commissioning
After programming (if any) is completed, perform the following steps:
1. If other inverters are on the system, use a DVM to verify correct voltage from the L1 OUT terminal
on one inverter to the next. When stacked in parallel, the wires from one inverter to the next
should read 0 Vac (although individually they should still read 120 Vac with respect to neutral).
Repeat for the L2 OUT terminal.
2. Close the AC output circuit breakers. If AC bypass switches are present, place them in the normal
(non-bypass) position. Do not connect an AC input source or close any AC input circuits.
3. Use a DVM to verify correct voltage at the AC load panel.
4. Connect a small AC load and test for proper functionality.
5. Close the AC input circuit breakers and connect an AC source. Using a DVM, check the appropriate
L1 and L2 IN terminals for 120 and 240 Vac. If a MATE3 system display is present, confirm that the
inverter accepts the AC source as appropriate for its programming. Check the system display
indicators for correct behavior.
6. If the battery charger has been enabled, confirm that it is charging by using the MATE3. The
inverter will perform a full battery charge when first powered up. This may take several hours. If
restarted after a temporary shutdown, the inverter may skip most or all of the charging cycle.
7. Test other functions which have been enabled, such as generator start, selling, or search mode.
8. Compare the DVM’s readings with the MATE3 meter readings. If necessary, the system display’s
readings can be calibrated to match the DVM more accurately. AC input voltage, AC output
voltage, and battery voltage can be calibrated.
Powering Down
If steps are inapplicable, they can be omitted. However, it is highly recommended that all applicable
steps be performed in the following order.
To Power Down the System:
1. Turn off all load circuits and AC input sources.
2. Turn off all renewable energy circuits.
3. Turn each inverter OFF using the MATE3 system display or external switch.
4. Turn off the main DC overcurrent devices for each inverter.
Adding New Devices
When adding new devices to the system, first power down the system according to the preceding
instructions. After adding new devices, perform another functional test, including programming.
Firmware Updates
Updates to the Radian’s internal programming are periodically available. If multiple inverters are used
in a system, all units must be upgraded at the same time. See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual for details.
IMPORTANT:
All inverters will shut down during software updates. If it is necessary to run loads
while updating the firmware, bypass the inverter with a maintenance bypass switch
(if present). During this time, communication cables must remain connected and DC
power must remain on. Lack of network communication will cause the update to fail
and the inverter(s) may not work afterward. Inverters automatically update one at a
time. Updating each inverter requires about 5 minutes.
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Operation
Input Modes
The Radian inverter has two sets of input connections for multiple AC sources. (See the Radian Series
Inverter/Charger Installation Manual for more information.) With the MATE3, each input can be
programmed to a particular operating mode. Six modes are available, each with certain advantages
which make it ideal for a particular application. Some modes contain functions unique to that mode.
Both of the Radian’s inputs can be programmed for separate modes. The mode for the “Grid” input
can be set in the
menu. The second, “Gen”, input can be set in the
Grid AC Input Mode and Limits
menu.
Gen AC Input Mode and Limits
The input terminals are labeled for grid and generator due to common conventions, not
NOTE:
because of inverter requirements. Each input can accept any AC source as long as it meets the
requirements of the Radian inverter and the selected input mode. If necessary, the
accept grid power. The opposite is also true.
terminals can
Gen
When multiple inverters are stacked together (see page 26), the master inverter’s input mode is
imposed on all slave inverters. The slave menu settings are not changed; they retain any input mode
that was previously programmed. However, the slave will ignore its own input mode and use that of
the master. This also applies to any parameters in the mode menu (
so on).
,
, and
Voltage Limit Connect Delay
The following pages compare the various features of each input mode.
Generator
This mode allows the use of any generator, even one with a rough or imperfect AC waveform. In other
modes, a “noisy” or irregular waveform may not be accepted by the inverter. This mode allows these
waveforms to be accepted. The charging algorithm of this mode is designed to work well with any AC
generator regardless of power quality or regulation mechanism. The generator must still comply with
the inverter’s nominal input specifications in the Input section of this manual. See page 16.
:
CHARGING
In this mode, when the charger is enabled, the Radian will use the AC source to charge the battery
bank. (See page 20.) It will proceed through the battery charging cycle until it reaches the Float stage.
It will then remain in the Float stage and maintain the batteries for as long as the AC source is present.
:
BENEFITS
The Radian inverter will charge the batteries from the generator even when the generator is undersized, of
low quality, or has other problems. The recommended parameters for sizing a generator are listed on
page 18.
In cases where utility grid power is unstable or unreliable,
mode may allow the Radian inverter to
Generator
accept the power.
This mode has a programmable delay time which will allow a generator to stabilize before connection. In the
MATE3, this menu item is
Gen AC Input Mode and Limits
. It is available in either the
Connect Delay
or the
Grid AC Input Mode and Limits
menu, depending on which input is being programmed.
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Operation
:
NOTES
The Support, Offset, and grid-interactive functions of the Radian are unavailable in this mode.
Any AC fluctuations that are accepted by the inverter will be transferred to the output. The loads will be
exposed to these fluctuations. It may not be advisable to install senstive loads under these conditions.
In this mode, the Radian inverter’s maximum charge rate is limited to 20 Aac (80 Adc).
While charging, the charger will not go silent (see page 22). After completing the charge, it will remain in the
Float charging stage unless this generator is stopped (either automatically or manually) or AC input power is
otherwise removed.
Support
This mode is intended for systems that use the utility grid or a generator. In some cases, the amount
of current available from the source is limited due to size, wiring, or other reasons. If large loads need
to be run, the Radian inverter augments (supports) the AC source, adding inverter and battery power
to ensure that the loads receive the power they demand.
In the MATE3 system display, the
dictates the maximum AC draw for the Grid
Grid Input AC Limit
sets the maximum draw for the Gen input. This function takes effect if
input. The
Gen Input AC Limit
the AC draw on the appropriate input exceeds its setting.
:
CHARGING
In this mode, when the charger is enabled, the Radian will use the AC source to charge the battery
bank. (See page 20.) It will proceed through the entire battery charging cycle. After the end of the
Float timer, it will continue to alternate between Silent and Re-Float stages.
:
BENEFITS
The large loads on the system can be powered while staying connected to the input, even if the input is
limited. Battery power prevents overload of the input source, while at the same time limiting the amount of
battery power used.
In this mode, the inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the
batteries. (See page 19 for more information on the Offset function.)
This mode has a programmable delay time which will allow an AC source to stabilize before connection. In
the MATE3, this menu item is
. It is available in either the
or
Grid AC Input Mode and Limits
Connect Delay
menu, depending on which input is being programmed.
the
Gen AC Input Mode and Limits
:
NOTES
IMPORTANT:
If the AC loads exceed the amperage limit setting, the inverter will draw energy from the
batteries. If the loads are sustained, the batteries may discharge to the point of Low
Battery Cut-Out and the inverter may shut down with a Low Battery error. (See pages 15
and 39.) To prevent the loss of backup power, load use should be planned accordingly.
The grid-interactive function of the Radian inverter is unavailable in this mode.
Because the inverter limits the current draw from the AC source, it will reduce the charge rate as necessary to
support the loads. If the loads equal the amperage setting, the charge rate will be zero.
If the AC loads
the amperage setting, the charger will begin operating in reverse. It will take power
exceed
the batteries and use it to support the incoming AC current.
from
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Operation
Grid Tied
IMPORTANT:
Selling power to the utility company requires the authorization of the local
electric jurisdiction. The method used by the local utility company to
accommodate this will depend on their policies on this issue. Some may pay
for power sold; others may issue credit. Some policies may prohibit the use of
this mode altogether. Please check with the utility company and obtain their
permission before using this mode.
The Grid Tied mode allows the Radian inverter to become grid-interactive. This means that in addition
to using power from the utility grid for charging and loads, it can also convert excess battery power
and sell it to the utility grid. Excess battery power usually comes from renewable energy sources, such
as PV arrays, hydroelectric turbines, and wind turbines.
In this mode, the inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the
batteries. (See page 19 for more information on the Offset function.) If additional energy is available
beyond what is consumed by the loads, the energy will be sold to the utility grid.
The grid-interactive function is referenced heavily in the Battery Charging section, as it is integrally
tied with the battery charger. Where the charger draws power from the AC input and puts it into the
batteries, the grid-interactive function removes power from the batteries (or the DC system) and
returns it to the AC input. When a renewable source of energy raises the batteries above a designated
reference point (or “target”), the inverter exports power in order to bring the voltage back down or to
prevent it from rising further.
The inverter uses several set points as targets for selling, particularly the battery charger settings. In the
MATE3, the
,
, and
settings are all used as target voltages.
Absorb Voltage Float Voltage
Equalize Voltage
If the battery charger is not active, the target voltage used by the Radian inverter is
in the
Sell Voltage
menu. (See page 21 for more information on charging and selling. See the MATE3 Owner’s
Grid-Tie Sell
Manual to change any of these settings.)
Unlike the other target voltages, the Radian inverter cannot import AC power to raise the batteries to the
set point. It can only use excess DC power, if it is available, and export it as AC power.
Sell Voltage
:
CHARGING
In this mode, when the charger is enabled, the Radian will use the AC source to charge the battery
bank. (See page 20.) It will proceed through the entire battery charging cycle. After the end of the
Float timer, it will continue to alternate between Silent and Re-Float stages, entering the Selling stage
as appropriate.
:
BENEFITS
The most obvious advantage of this mode is the ability to return power to the utility grid.
:
NOTES
The Support function of the Radian inverter is unavailable in this mode.
The inverter has a minimum five-minute delay before selling will begin. Upon initial connection to the utility
grid, the inverter may be required to perform a full battery charge. This may delay the operation of the
grid-interactive feature.
The grid-interactive function only operates when excess DC (renewable) power is available.
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Operation
The grid-interactive function can only operate while the utility grid power is stable and within specific limits.
If the AC voltage or frequency vary outside these limits, the inverter will stop selling. If the inverter
stops selling, the MATE3 will show the reason. Sell Status messages are listed on page 43.
If the AC voltage or frequency vary outside the maximum limits, the inverter will also disconnect from
the utility grid. The Radian inverter’s grid-interactive limits are specified on page 46. The AC source
acceptance limits are specified on page 17. These numbers are not necessarily the same.
When power is returned to the utility grid, it may possible to make the utility meter run backwards. The net
result would be to sell power to the utility company. However, this depends on whether there are other
loads in the system. Loads on the main panel (not on the inverter’s output) may consume this power as fast
as it is generated, preventing the meter from running backwards. In this case, the result of selling would be
to reduce the consumption of AC power, not reverse it.
The amount of power an inverter can sell is not equal to its specified output wattage. Its maximum selling
output is 7.68 kW. However, output will vary with inverter temperature, battery type, and other conditions.
A good guideline is that the renewable source should be sized to continuously deliver no more than
85% of the inverter’s specified wattage (per inverter, in a multi-inverter system).
This recommendation is specifically for the inverter’s grid-interactive feature. In some cases, the source
may be sized larger to account for environmental conditions or the presence of DC loads. This depends
on individual site requirements.
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
In the event of utility grid failure, UPS mode allows the inverter to switch to its inverting mode almost
instantaneously. This allows the system to support sensitive AC loads without interruption.
The transfer speed in this mode has been reduced so that if the AC input power is disconnected or a
scheduled disconnect occurs, the transfer speed will be less than 4 milliseconds.
:
CHARGING
In this mode, when the charger is enabled, the Radian will use the AC source to charge the battery
bank. (See page 20.) It will proceed through the entire battery charging cycle. After the end of the
Float timer, it will continue to alternate between Silent and Re-Float stages.
:
BENEFITS
This mode will maintain constant power to the loads with virtually no drop in voltage or current.
In this mode, the inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the
batteries. (See page 19 for more information on the Offset function.)
:
NOTES
The Support and grid-interactive functions of the Radian inverter are unavailable in this mode.
Due to the need for the Radian inverter to react quickly to AC source fluctuations, it must remain fully active
at all times. The inverter requires a continuous consumption of 42 watts.
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Operation
Backup
This mode is intended for systems that have utility grid available as the primary AC source. This
source will pass through the Radian inverter’s transfer circuit and will power the loads unless utility
power is lost. If utility grid power is lost, then the Radian inverter will supply energy to the loads from
the battery bank. When the utility power returns, it will be used to power the loads again.
:
CHARGING
In this mode, when the charger is enabled, the Radian will use the AC source to charge the battery
bank. (See page 20.) It will proceed through the entire battery charging cycle. After the end of the
Float timer, it will continue to alternate between Silent and Re-Float stages.
:
BENEFITS
In this mode, the inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the
batteries. (See page 19 for more information on the Offset function.)
This mode will continuously maintain the batteries in a fully-charged state, unlike the Support mode, and
does not have the overhead consumption of the UPS mode.
:
NOTES
The Support and grid-interactive functions of the Radian inverter are unavailable in this mode.
Mini Grid
The Radian inverter can be programmed to automatically reject an AC source and run solely from
battery (and renewable) energy. In
mode, the inverter only connects to the AC source
Mini Grid
(usually the utility grid) when the batteries run too low.
In this mode, the Radian inverter runs on battery-supplied power for as long as the batteries can be
sustained. It is expected that the batteries will also be charged from renewable sources such as PV.
When the batteries become depleted, the system reconnects to the utility grid to operate the loads.
The inverter will reconnect to the utility grid if the battery voltage decreases to either the
Re-Float
set point (see page 22), or the Rebulk voltage (see page 23). Once it reconnects to the utility
Voltage
grid, if the charger is turned off, the Radian will use its transfer circuit to send grid power to the loads.
If the charger is turned on, it will use the grid to charge the battery, as well as powering the loads.
While connected to the utility grid, any excess energy from the renewable source will be sent to the
loads and used to “offset” the use of grid power. When the renewable energy is equal to or greater
than the load demand, the utility grid will no longer be required. The Radian inverter will then
disconnect from the utility grid and begin running from batteries again. It will not disconnect until
these conditions are met.
:
CHARGING
In this mode, the Radian inverter will wait for the batteries to pass through the charging stages until
certain internal charger settings are met (see below). This is true regardless of whether the Radian or
the renewable source is charging. This means that the regulator for the renewable source must be set
to the same settings as the Radian (or higher). See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual to locate the exact
settings of the Radian inverter.
If the reconnection was triggered by the
set point, the inverter will only require the
settings (as well as Offset.) The inverter
Float Time
Re-Float Voltage
and
batteries to pass through the
Float Voltage
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Operation
will then enter Silent (see page 22) and continue repeating this part of the charging cycle until it
disconnects from the utility grid.
If the reconnection was triggered by the Rebulk voltage setting, the inverter will require the charger to
pass through the entire charge cycle, including the
Float Time
,
,
, and
Absorb Voltage Absorb Time Float Voltage
settings (as well as Offset). The inverter will continue repeating the Float part of the
charging cycle until it disconnects from the utility grid.
See page 20 for more information on the battery charging cycle.
:
BENEFITS
mode allows a system to take full advantage of renewable energy. Dependence on the utility grid
Mini Grid
can be minimized or eliminated.
In this mode, the inverter will offset the loads with excess renewable energy if it is available from the
batteries. (See the previous page and page 19 for more information on the Offset function.)
This mode is similar to to the high-battery transfer (HBX) mode used by the MATE3 system display, but it has
several differences (see below).
:
NOTES
The Support and grid-interactive functions of the Radian inverter are unavailable in this mode.
This mode has similar priorities to the high-battery transfer (HBX) mode used by the MATE3 system display.
However, it is not compatible with HBX mode and cannot be used at the same time. When using
mode, HBX mode should be disabled to prevent conflicts.
Mini Grid
When deciding whether to use
mode or HBX, the user should consider various advantages of each.
Mini Grid
Mini Grid logic is based in the Radian inverter and can function in the absence of the MATE3. HBX logic
is based in the MATE3 and cannot function unless the MATE3 is installed and operating.
Mini Grid can use utility grid power to fully recharge the batteries on reconnection. HBX can only do so
under specific circumstances.
HBX set points have a wide range of settings. Mini Grid uses settings which tend to prevent the
batteries from excessive discharge; however, most of its settings are automatic and do not allow
customization.
HBX works more efficiently when the renewable source is larger, but there is no specific requirement for
renewable size. Mini Grid is unable to work properly unless the renewable source is larger than the size
of the loads. (See previous page.) If this condition is not met, Mini Grid will not disconnect the inverter
from the utility grid.
HBX can be combined with the settings of any other Radian input mode (Generator, UPS, etc.). The
Mini Grid input mode is naturally limited to its own settings and does not have access to certain
functions of other modes. (See the first bullet above.)
See page 32 and the MATE3 Owner’s Manual for more information on HBX.
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Operation
Functions
The items in this section are states of operation common to all Radian inverters. These functions can
be used in most or all of the input modes described in the preceding section. Some can be manually
selected or enabled; others are automatic.
All items identified as settable or adjustable have set points which can be accessed using the remote
system display. (See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual for instructions on locating these set points.) The
default settings and ranges of adjustment are listed beginning on page 47 of this manual.
Inverting
The Radian inverter converts DC voltage from batteries into AC voltage that is usable by AC
appliances. It will continue to do this as long as the batteries have sufficient energy. The batteries can
be supplied or recharged from other sources, such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power.
The inverter’s design uses two transformers and two high-frequency H-Bridge FET modules to achieve
the required high-wattage output. When not in use, the dual design allows half the inverter to shut
down for lower idle consumption.
. Other sources may not maintain DC voltages
The Radian inverter requires batteries to operate
that are consistent enough for the inverter to operate reliably.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Do not substitute other DC sources in place of the batteries. High or irregular voltages
may damage the inverter. It is normal to use other DC sources in conjunction with the
batteries and the inverter, but not in place of the batteries.
Certain features will affect the inverter’s operation. These features only operate when the inverter is
generating AC power on its own. They do not function when the inverter is being supplied by an
AC source.
: This feature prevents the inverter from draining the batteries completely. It will stop
Low Battery Cut-Out
functioning and give a
error when the DC voltage drops below a specified level for 5 minutes.
Low Battery V
This appears as an Event on the MATE3 system display, as described in the MATE3 Owner’s Manual. It is one of
the Error messages described on page 39. This function is intended to protect both the batteries and the
inverter’s output. (Continuing to invert on a low DC voltage may produce a distorted waveform.) This item is
adjustable.
: The recovery point from Low Battery Cut-Out. When the DC voltage rises above a
specified level for 10 minutes, the low battery error will clear and the inverter will resume functioning. This
item is adjustable.
Low Battery Cut-In
Connecting an AC source to charge the batteries will also clear a low battery error.
: The inverter’s AC output voltage can be adjusted up or down by a certain amount, to allow
Output Voltage
for conditions. This item is adjustable.
The inverter is also controlled by a high battery cut-out function. If the DC voltage rises above a specified
level, the inverter will immediately stop functioning and give a error. This appears as an
High Battery V
Event on the MATE3 system display, as described in the MATE3 Owner’s Manual. This is one of the Error
messages displayed on page 39 of this manual. (If the voltage drops below this point, the inverter
automatically recovers.)
For the standard GS8048 inverter, the high battery cut-out voltage is 68 volts. It cannot be changed.
This function is intended to protect the inverter’s output and loads. Continuing to invert on a high DC
voltage may produce a distorted waveform. Note that the inverter’s high battery cut-out does not alleviate
or solve the high battery condition itself; the cause is an external condition.
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Operation
Search
An automated search circuit is available to minimize the power draw when no loads are present.
When enabled, the inverter does not always deliver full output. The output is reduced to brief pulses
with a delay between them. These pulses are sent down the output lines to see if a resistance is
present. Basically, the pulses “search” for a load. If a load is detected on either the L1 or L2 outputs,
the inverter’s output increases to full voltage so that it can power the load. When the load is turned
off, the inverter “goes to sleep” and begins searching again.
The sensitivity of Search mode is in increments of approximately 0.1 Aac. The default is 6 increments,
or about 0.6 Aac. A load which draws this amount or greater will “wake up” the inverter.
Due to load characteristics, these increments are only approximate and may not function
NOTE:
exactly as listed.
The pulse duration and the delay both have a time period that is measured in AC cycles. These two
items and the load detection threshold are adjustable.
Search mode may not be useful in larger systems with loads that require continuous power (e.g., clocks,
answering machines, fax machines). Search mode may cause nuisance shutdowns, or it may sleep so rarely
that there is no benefit.
Some devices may not be easily detected by Search mode.
Input
When the Radian inverter input terminals are connected to a stable AC source, the inverter will
synchronize itself with that source and use it as the primary source of AC power. (See AC Source
Acceptance on page 17.) Its transfer relay will engage, linking the AC source directly with the
inverter’s output. It can also use the source to charge batteries. (See Transfer on page 18 and Battery
Charging on page 20.)
Two sets of AC input terminals are available. Both inputs are identical and can be used for any AC source.
However, for easy reference, the first input has been labeled GRID (for the utility grid). The second input is
labeled GEN (for a generator). These designations are also used in the menus of the MATE3 system display.
Each input has a separate set of input criteria and input modes. The programming for each input also has
identical content.
The independent inputs are intended to simplify the connection to multiple AC sources; however, only one
input can be used at a time. If both inputs are powered, the default setting is for the inverter to accept the
GRID input. This can be changed. In the MATE3 system display, these priorities are selected using
Input
in the
menu.
AC Input and Current Limit
Priority
Six input modes are available which affect the Radian inverter’s interactions with AC input sources. The
mode allows the Radian to sell power using the input connection. The mode can use
Grid Tied
Support
battery power to assist a smaller AC source. See page 9 for descriptions of these and other input modes.
There are a number of considerations when selecting the type and size of an AC generator. (See the section
entitled Generator on page 18.)
The AC input current is used to power both loads and battery charging. The combined amount should not
exceed the size of the AC overcurrent device or AC source. These devices should be sized appropriately
during planning. (See AC Current Settings on the next page. See the Radian Series Inverter/Charger
Installation Manual for more information.)
The loads powered by the inverter
exceed the size of the inverter’s transfer relay. (See the section
must not
entitled “Transfer” on page 18.)
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Current draw in excess of the inverter’s transfer relay rating can damage the transfer
relay. This damage is not covered by warranty.
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Operation
AC Current Settings
The AC current settings control the amount of current that the inverter draws from the source(s). The
amount of current is controlled by the grid or generator limit settings. These settings should be
adjusted to match the size of the input circuit breaker. In the MATE3 system display, if the
Inverter
, the inverter uses the grid settings.
or
Input Priority AC Input and Current Limit
menus are set to
Grid
, the inverter uses the generator settings.
If the menus are set to
Gen
This is intended to protect a generator or source that may not be large enough to supply enough current for
both charging and loads. If the combined charging and loads exceed this setting, the inverter will reduce its
charge rate and give priority to the loads. If the loads exceed this number on their own, the charge rate will
be reduced to zero.
The
input mode allows the Radian inverter to support the AC source with power from the batteries.
Support
See page 10.
If multiple parallel inverters are installed with an AC source of limited amperage, the total combined
amperage settings for all units must be less than the AC input circuit. The Configuration Wizard in the MATE3
can perform this calculation. However, the inverters do not perform this calculation. If the MATE3 or the
Configuration Wizard are not used, it is necessary to divide the input size by the number of inverters and
assign an equal part of the amperage to each port.
AC Source Acceptance
The input source must meet the following specifications to be accepted:
L1 (to neutral) 120 Vac, 12 Vac (default setting), and
L2 (to neutral) 120 Vac, 12 Vac (default setting), and
60 Hz, 6 Hz
When these conditions are met, the inverter will close its transfer relay and accept the input source.
This occurs after a delay which is specified below. If the conditions are not met, the inverter will not
accept the source. If it was previously accepted and then rejected, the inverter will open the relay and
return to inverting power from the batteries.
The voltage limits can be adjusted to allow (or exclude) a source with weak or irregular voltages. These
items are adjustable in the appropriate menu of the MATE3 (
or
Grid AC Input Mode and Limits Gen AC
). The settings are titled
Input Mode and Limits
and . When this setting is
Voltage Limit Lower
Upper
adjusted, it applies equally to L1 and L2.
There can be side effects to changing the range of allowed voltages. See page 18.
Each of the AC inputs has a settable connection delay. This is intended as a warmup period which allows
an input source to stabilize before connection.
The default setting for the Grid input is 0.2 minutes (12 seconds).
The default setting for the Gen input is 0.5 minutes (30 seconds).
These items are adjustable in the appropriate menu of the MATE3 (Grid AC Input Mode and Limits or Gen
AC Input Mode and Limits).
NOTES:
Certain input modes uch as
may prevent the inverter from accepting AC power even if electrical
s
Mini Grid
conditions are met. (See page 13.)
Several items external to the inverter may prevent the inverter from accepting AC power even if electrical
conditions are met. One is the High Battery Transfer mode, which is operated by the MATE3 system display.
(See page 32 and the MATE3 Owner’s Manual.) Another is the MATE3’s
hot key menu, which can
AC INPUT
. (See the MATE3 manual.)
order all inverters to disconnect when set to
Drop
The inverter has additional criteria that control whether it sells power. The inverter may accept AC power but
refuse to sell if the acceptance criteria are met, but the grid-interactive criteria are not. (See the
input mode on page 11.)
Grid Tied
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Operation
Generator
A generator should be sized to provide enough power for all inverters, both for loads and for battery
charging.
It is usually recommended that the generator be sized at twice the wattage of the inverter system.
Many generators may not be able to maintain AC voltage or frequency for long periods of time if they
are loaded more than 80% of rated capacity.
The generator is required to have a stable output before its power is accepted by the inverter. Some
generators with less stable or uneven outputs may not be accepted. The use of the
mode may assist with this problem.
input
Generator
Transfer
The inverter uses a transfer relay to alternate between the states of inverting and of accepting an AC
source. Until the relay energizes, the L1 and L2 output terminals are electrically isolated from the
input that is in use. When it closes, the L1 input and output terminals become electrically common.
The same is true for the L2 input and output terminals. (The terminals for the unused input remain
isolated during this time.) When the relay changes states, the physical transfer delay is approximately
12 milliseconds (with the exception of the
input mode).
UPS
The relay contacts are limited to 55 amps per phase or leg. The continuous loads on that output
should never exceed this number. When connected to an AC source, the Radian inverter cannot limit
the load current. An overload condition is possible.
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
Current draw in excess of the inverter’s transfer relay rating can damage the transfer
relay. This damage is not covered by warranty.
The inverter does not filter or clean up the power from the AC source. The voltage and power quality
received by the output loads is the same as that of the source. If the voltage or quality do not meet
the inverter’s input requirements (see page 17), it will disconnect and return to the inverting mode.
If the AC source meets the inverter’s requirements but is irregular, any fluctuations will be transferred to the
loads. If the loads are sensitive, it may be necessary to improve the quality of the AC source.
To ensure a smoother transition, it may be advisable to raise the inverter’s lower acceptance limit. The
default setting is 108 Vac on each leg. A higher setting will cause the inverter to transfer sooner in the event
of a quality problem.
The
input mode is intended to accept irregular or unfiltered AC sources and is more likely to do so
Generator
than other modes. Since it will transfer the irregular power to the output as noted above, this should be
considered before using this mode with sensitive loads. (See page 9.)
In a stacked system, slaves are ordered to transfer at the same time as the master. If a slave does not
sense an AC source at the same time as the master, it will continue inverting, and will experience a
error (see page 39). This appears as an Event on the MATE3 system display, as described
Phase Loss
in the MATE3 Owner’s Manual.
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Operation
Offset
This function is designed to use excess battery energy to power the loads, even when an AC source is
present. This allows the system to take advantage of renewable energy sources, in effect “offsetting”
dependence on the AC source.
When a renewable source of energy raises the batteries above a designated reference point (or
“target”), the inverter exports power to the loads in order to bring the voltage back down or to
prevent it from rising further.
The inverter uses several set points as targets for the offset function, particularly the battery charger
settings. In the MATE3, the
,
, and
settings are all used
Equalize Voltage
Absorb Voltage Float Voltage
as reference voltages. While the battery charger is operating, it will regulate the voltage at a level
appropriate for the target setting.
If none of the battery charger’s timers are active, the target voltage used by the Radian inverter is
in the
menu. Unlike the other target voltages, the Radian inverter cannot
Grid-Tie Sell
Sell Voltage
import AC power to raise the batteries to the
if it is available, and export it as AC power.
set point. It can only use excess DC power,
Sell Voltage
(See page 21 for more information on how Offset relates to the battery charger. See the MATE3
Owner’s Manual to change any of these settings.)
:
NOTES
If the Radian inverter is in the
input mode and more renewable energy is available than can be
Grid Tied
offset by the loads, the inverter will sell the remainder to the utility grid. Although the inverter can use the
setting as a target in most input modes (see below), it is unable to sell power to the utility grid
Sell Voltage
unless the
mode is selected.
Grid Tied
If the inverter is in the
,
,
, or
input modes and more renewable energy is
Mini Grid
Support UPS Backup
available than can be offset by the loads, it means the inverter is capable of running all of its loads using
renewable energy. The inverter will disconnect from the AC source as long as the excess renewable energy
is present.
The Offset function is not active when the
input mode is selected.
Generator
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Operation
Battery Charging
IMPORTANT:
Battery charger settings need to be correct for a given battery type. Always follow
battery manufacturer recommendations. Making incorrect settings, or leaving them at
factory default settings, may cause the batteries to be undercharged or overcharged.
The inverter uses a “three-stage” battery charging process. The three stages are Bulk, Absorption, and
Float. These stages follow a series of steps, which are shown on graphs (see page 21).
:
NOTES
The process shown in Figure 3 also includes the step of selling power back to the utility, as this is integrally
tied with the battery charger. This step, and Figure 3, are only applicable when the Radian inverter is in the
input mode.
Grid Tied
The process shown in Figure 4 eliminates Silent, Float Timer, and other parts of the process. Figure 4 is only
applicable when the Radian inverter is in the input mode.
Generator
The target points and time limits cited under various steps are also used by the inverter’s Offset function.
(See page 19.) These items are settable using the MATE3 system display. (See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual.)
Charging Steps
No Charging
If the inverter is not charging, any of the following conditions may apply:
The unit is inverting or not connected to a qualified AC source.
The unit is connected to an AC source but is in a mode or stage that does not use the charger. (Silent mode is
one example.)
The unit is connected to an AC source but the charger has been turned off.
Bulk Stage
This stage activates the charger. This is the first stage in the three-stage charge cycle. It is a
constant-current stage which drives the battery voltage up. This stage typically leaves the batteries at
75% – 90% of their capacity, depending on conditions.
setting. The default setting is 57.6 Vdc.
Target point: Absorb Voltage
The initial DC current is the maximum current the charger can deliver. It will begin at the charger’s
specified maximum, but will gradually decrease as the voltage increases. This is a tradeoff in wattage
and is normal for the charger.
Absorption Stage
This is the second stage of charging. It is a constant-voltage stage. Current varies as needed to
maintain the voltage, but will typically decrease to a very low number over time. This “tops off the
tank”, leaving the batteries at essentially 100% of capacity.
setting.
Target point: Absorb Voltage
setting. This timer counts down from the inception of the Absorption stage
Time limit: Absorb Time
until it reaches zero. The timer can be viewed. (See the MATE3 manual.)
For multiple inverters only:
The charging of multiple stacked inverters is synchronized and is governed by the master. When the
master inverter reaches the end of Absorption (and other stages), the slaves will exit Absorption as
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Operation
Voltage
Absorption Set Point
Absorption
Float Set Point
Sell Set Point
Float Timer
Offset
Offset
Re-Float Set Point
Float
Silent
Silent
Bulk
No
Charge
Time
1
Figure 3 Charging Stages Over Time
Voltage
Absorption Set Point
Absorption
Float Set Point
Float
Bulk
No
No Charge
Charge
Time
1
Figure 4 Charging Stages Over Time (Generator mode)
well, even if their timers have not expired. The remaining time for the slaves will be retained in the
timer for each inverter.
The Absorption timer does not reset to zero when AC power is disconnected or reconnected. It only
resets to zero if it runs out, or if an external STOP BULK command is sent. The rest of the time, it retains
any remaining time. It adds more time to the Absorption period whenever the batteries fall below a
certain voltage. (See page 23 for more information on how the timer works.)
Offset
This is not a charging stage. The Offset function is designed to use excess battery energy to power the
loads, even when an AC source is present. Offset can operate in any stage of charging, but is shown in
Figure 3 to display the function when no charging stages or timers are active. This function is
described more fully on page 19.
Offset is a constant-voltage mode of operation. The inverter cannot import current to charge the
batteries to a target voltage, but it can export any excess current to constantly hold them at this value.
The target voltage used when no other stages are active, as shown in Figure 3, is the
Sell Voltage
setting. (Excess current typically comes into the batteries from a PV array, wind turbine, or similar
renewable energy source.)
setting. The default setting is 52.0 Vdc.
Target point: Sell Voltage
1The points where the dark blue line intersects the vertical dotted line indicate a change from one step to the next. The
points where they also intersect with a horizontal dotted line indicate that the charger has switched to a new target voltage.
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Operation
This setting is typically lower than the Float voltage setting. Although the batteries are not
discharged, they are maintained at a somewhat lower voltage so that the maximum amount of power
can be exported. It is recommended that this item be set at the batteries’ natural rest voltage.
In the
input mode, excess power is sent first to any loads on the inverter’s output, using the
Grid Tied
Offset function (see page 19). If the exported power exceeds the load requirements, the excess is sold
back to the utility grid, using the inverter’s AC input terminals. The unit will maintain this activity for
as long as excess power is available. See page 11 for more notes on the
input mode.
Grid Tied
Regardless of the input mode setting, if no renewable energy is present, the inverter will exit (or skip)
this step and enter Silent.
Silent
This is not a charging stage, but a quiescent period between stages. The inverter remains on the AC
source, but the charger is inactive. It enters this condition upon completing the Absorption stage and
concluding (or skipping) Offset operation.
In Silent, the batteries are not in significant use by the inverter, but they are also not being charged.
The battery voltage will naturally decrease when not maintained by another means such as a
renewable source.
The term “Silent” is also used in the context of stacking inverters and Power Save levels. See page 28.
setting. When the battery voltage decreases to this point, the
Target point: Re-Float Voltage
charger becomes active again. The default set point is 50.0 Vdc.
If the Radian inverter is placed in the input mode, the charger skips Silent and
NOTE:
Generator
proceeds directly to Float stage (see Figure 4 on page 21). It will remain in Float until AC power is
disconnected, which usually means that the generator was stopped manually or automatically.
See page 9 for more information on this mode.
Float Stage
This is the third stage of charging. It is a constant-voltage stage. Current varies as needed to maintain
the voltage, but typically drops to a low number. This stage offsets the batteries’ tendency to
self-discharge (as well as offsetting the draw of any other DC loads), and maintains them at 100% of
capacity.
setting. The default set point is 54.4 Vdc.
Target point: Float Voltage
setting.
Time limit: Float Time
The remaining stages below do not apply in the
input mode. The next activity that
Generator
NOTE:
can occur is a new charging cycle. The criteria for beginning a new cycle are described on page 23.
Float Timer
This is part of Float stage and is not a separate stage of charging. On the charts on page 21, it is
marked as a separate step to note that the timer only begins running upon reaching the Float set
point. It does
begin running at the beginning of Float stage. (The Float timer is reset to its
not
maximum amount whenever the batteries drop to the Re-Float voltage.)
Repeated Silent
The unit re-enters the Silent stage as it did previously. The unit remains on the AC source, but the
charger is inactive.
setting. The default set point is 50.0 Vdc.
Target point: Re-Float Voltage
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Operation
The unit will continue cycling between Float and Silent for as long as the AC source is present.
However, if excess DC power is available and the battery voltage rises above the
point, the unit can resume Offset activity as described on page 21.
set
Sell Voltage
The unit can only enter Offset when none of the timers are active. If any of the timers have accumulated
time while in Silent, the unit will enter the highest stage with accumulated time and proceed from
that point.
Voltage
Absorption
Absorption
Absorption Set Point
Float Set Point
Float
Sell Set Point
Timer
Offset
Offset
Refloat Set Point
Rebulk Point
Float
Silent
AC Loss
Bulk
No
Bulk
Charge
Time
Figure 5 Repeated Charging Cycles
New Charging Cycle
If the AC source is lost or disconnected, the unit will return to inverting mode if enabled. The battery
voltage will begin to decrease due to loads or natural loss. When the AC source is restored, the
inverter will return to the charging cycle. If the batteries drop below the Rebulk voltage (see below),
the inverter will restart the cycle, beginning at Bulk stage. If the batteries do not drop below Rebulk,
the charger will not enter the Bulk stage and will return to its previous stage.
New Absorption Stage
When entering the second stage, Absorption, the charger will not necessarily run through its full
duration. The timer will count down whatever time remains from the previous cycle, or whatever time
it has accumulated since then.
Absorption Timer
The Absorption timer does not reset to its maximum like the Float timer does. Instead, the timer
counts upward (gaining time) whenever the battery voltage drops below the Rebulk point. This
means that the Absorption period may not always be the same, depending on how much time it
has acquired.
The Rebulk voltage is 48.8 Vdc. This is a fixed setting and cannot be changed. For as long as the
inverter remains below this voltage, the Absorption timer will gain an equal amount of time. This
dictates the duration of the Absorption stage. Note that in Figure 5, the duration of time spent below
the Rebulk voltage is the same as the subsequent Absorption period (as shown by the small arrows).
If the battery voltage drops below 48.0 Vdc, the timer increments (counts upward) at double the
normal rate. For example, if the batteries spent 8 minutes below this voltage, 16 minutes would be
added to the Absorption timer. Similarly, if the battery voltage drops below 47.2 Vdc, the timer
increments at quadruple the normal rate.
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Operation
The Absorption timer continues this behavior even if the charger is still on. For example, if the charger
is in Float stage and there is a significant battery drain, the charger may not be able to maintain the
batteries at the Float voltage. Once the batteries fall below the Rebulk point, the Absorption timer will
begin accumulating time. (However, the accumulation will be minor, as this will also cause the
charger to re-enter the Bulk stage.)
The timer will stop incrementing when it reaches the
setting. This is the maximum
Absorb Time
duration of the Absorption stage. This means that regardless of the voltage, the timer will always run
for the full Absorption period if the batteries dropped below the appropriate voltage for that amount
of time. If significant battery drain caused the batteries to drop below the set points for doubling or
quadrupling the rate, the charger may run for the full Absorption period even after a lesser amount
of time.
The rest of the charging stages will proceed as described on the previous few pages.
Equalization
Equalization is a controlled overcharge that is part of regular battery maintenance. Equalization
brings the batteries to a much higher voltage than usual and maintains this high voltage for a period
of time. This has the result of removing inert compounds from the battery plates, and reducing
stratification in the electrolyte.
Equalization follows the same pattern as standard three-stage charging, as shown in the figures on
page 21. However, instead of the Absorption voltage and time set points, it is controlled by the
and
settings in the MATE3.
Equalize Time
Equalize Voltage
This process must be started manually using the MATE3. The inverter cannot be programmed for
automatic battery equalization. This is a safety measure.
Equalization is normally performed only on flooded lead-acid batteries. The schedule for equalization
varies with battery use and type, but it is usually performed every few months. If performed correctly,
this process can extend battery life by a considerable amount.
Equalization is not normally performed on nickel-technology batteries or any sort of sealed battery.
CAUTION: Battery Damage
Do not equalize any sealed battery types (VRLA, AGM, Gel, or other) unless
approved by the manufacturer. Some batteries may suffer severe damage
from equalization.
Contact the battery manufacturer for recommendations on equalization
voltage, duration, schedule, and/or advisability. Always follow
manufacturer recommendations for equalization.
Battery Temperature Compensation
Temperature compensation is a process that corrects for changes in battery performance caused by
varying temperature.
When batteries are cooler than room temperature (77°F or 25°C), the electrolyte reaction slows down.
This causes the battery to accept charging energy less readily. Delivering the usual amount of energy
that would fully recharge a battery at room temperature will undercharge a cool one.
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Operation
Conversely, when batteries are warmer than room temperature, the electrolyte reaction is somewhat
hyper-reactive. It takes less energy than usual to charge them. Delivering the full (room-temperature)
amount of energy would overcharge them and can be hard on them over time.
The Radian inverter, when equipped with the Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) will compensate for
changes in temperature. The RTS is attached to a single battery near the center of the bank, to achieve
a representative temperature. If installed in a multiple-inverter system, only a single RTS is necessary.
It must be plugged into the master inverter and will control the charging of all slaves and all charge
controllers. (See the Radian Series Inverter/Charger Installation Manual for locating the RTS port.) This
process is automatic.
When charging, an inverter system with an RTS will increase or decrease the charge voltage by 5 mV
per degree Celsius per battery cell. This setting affects the Absorption, Float, and Equalization set
points. The Sell Voltage and Re-Float Voltage set points are not temperature compensated. The
Equalization set points are not compensated in OutBack charge controllers.
In a 48 Vdc system (24 cells, 2 volts each), this means 0.12 volts per degree Celsius above or below 25°C.
Maximum compensation is 2.4 Vdc.
EXAMPLES:
A 48 Vdc system with batteries at 15°C will compensate its charging to 1.2 Vdc
A 48 Vdc system with batteries at 40°C will compensate its charging to 1.8 Vdc
than the set points.
higher
than the set points.
lower
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Operation
Multiple-Inverter Installations (Stacking)
Multiple inverters in a single system can support larger loads than a single inverter can handle.
Installing inverters in this configuration is called “stacking”. Stacking inverters does not refer to
physically placing one on top of another. It refers to how they are wired within the system and then
programmed to coordinate activity. Stacking allows all units to work together as one system.
The Radian inverter can be stacked in parallel to increase capacity. Up to ten units can be stacked to
operate in a single system. Each inverter is programmed to operate at certain times.
Stacking requires an OutBack HUB product, as well as a MATE3 system display (sold separately). A
system of four or fewer units may use the HUB4. Systems of up to ten units require the HUB10. All
interconnections are made using CAT5 non-crossover cable. (See the Radian SeriesInverter/Charger
Installation Manual for more stacking instructions.)
Each inverter needs to be assigned a status — “master” or “slave”. The master is the primary and most
heavily used unit. Slave inverters provide assistance when the loads are more than the master can
handle alone. Programming involves using the MATE3 to assign a status and stacking value to the
inverter on each port. See the MATE3 and HUB manuals for programming instructions.
HUB4
Additional Ports
Port 1
MATE Port
MATE3
Figure 6 OutBack HUB4 and MATE3
IMPORTANT:
ꢀ The master inverter must always be connected to port 1 on the HUB. Connecting
it elsewhere, or connecting a slave to port 1, will result in backfeed or output
voltage errors which will shut the system down immediately.
ꢀ Installing multiple inverters without stacking them (or stacking them incorrectly)
will result in similar errors and shutdown.
ꢀ Although stacking allows greater capacity, the loads, wiring, and overcurrent
devices must still be sized appropriately. Additional terminations and bus bars
may be required. Overloading may cause circuit breakers to open or the inverters
to shut down.
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Operation
In parallel stacking, two or more inverters are stacked to create a single, common 120/240 Vac bus.
The master provides the primary output. The slaves are connected to the same output and assist the master.
The slave inverters can be programmed to activate on demand, reducing idle-power consumption. They will
remain off until the loads exceed a certain threshold.
A two-inverter system can continuously power 16 kVA of loads.
Up to ten inverters may be installed in a parallel arrangement.
24 kVA
120/240 Vac
8 kVA
120/240 Vac
8 kVA
120/240 Vac
8 kVA
120/240 Vac
Figure 7 Example of Parallel Stacking Arrangement (Three Inverters)
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Operation
Power Save Levels
Each inverter consumes approximately 30 watts of idle power while it remains on, even if it is not
actively inverting or charging. The Power Save function allows the option to put some or all slave
inverters into a quiescent state known as Silent mode. This mode minimizes the inverter’s idle
consumption. The inverters will come on again when the loads require power. (The term “Silent” is
also used in the context of battery charging. See page 22.)
The master inverter remains active unless specifically ordered to turn off. It does not enter Silent mode.
When the majority of the inverter’s wattage is consumed by loads, the master turns on one or more slaves
for assistance. When the load drops back to a lesser wattage (as detected by the master), the slaves return
to Silent mode.
The order in which slaves turn on (or return to Silent mode) is controlled by programming in the MATE3. The
slaves are given a “rank”, or level number. The lower the number, the sooner a slave will be turned on.
IMPORTANT:
It is highly recommended to use the MATE3 Configuration Wizard to set up this function.
It is essential to set the slave Power Save Levels in sequential order. Failure to set them
up correctly will cause erratic system behavior. The Configuration Wizard automatically
programs the correct priorities. (See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual.)
If it is necessary to set these items manually:
In the MATE3 system display, the
screen contains two
menu
Power Save Level
Inverter Stacking
. Both items have a settable range of values. (See the MATE3
items. These are
and
Slave
Master
manual for more information.)
The first item,
, must only be used when port P01 is selected with the
Master Power Save Level
<PORT>
navigation key. This should be the master inverter. Although the item is still visible when other (slave) ports
are available, it should not be programmed when other ports are selected. The range of rank numbers is
0 to 31. The default value is 0. The master is normally left at this value.
The second item,
, must only be used when ports other than P01 are selected.
Slave Power Save Level
Although the item is still visible when the P01 (master) port is selected, it should not be programmed for
P01. The range of rank numbers is 1 to 31. The default value for all ports is 1.
The ranks are prioritized so that lower-numbered ranks turn on sooner and higher ranks turn on later. The
lowest-ranked unit will not go silent and will remain on unless ordered otherwise. The lowest-ranked unit is
expected to be the master. The priorities are the same across both screens; thus, if P01 (master) is set at 0
and P02 (slave) is set at 1, the slave will turn on later. Since the
item is the only one that goes to 0, it
Master
is easy to ensure that all other units besides the master go silent.
Leaving the master at 0
It is highly recommended to rank the slave inverters in order (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.).
automatically makes 4 kW of power instantly available (from the master). If a slave is prioritized higher than
the master (by raising the master level to 2 and the slave to 1, for example), that slave will not go silent. This
will keep the power save mode from functioning. In general, setting the number higher than 0 will activate
an additional 4 kW of power for every increment. If the slave settings have not been programmed correctly,
the master may override them and begin turning on unnecessary slaves. This defeats the purpose of the
Power Save feature.
It is also recommended that slaves do not share rank numbers. If, for example, multiple slaves were all
ranked at 1, they would all come on at the same time. Once they came on, the divided load would cause the
master to detect a minimal load on its output, so it would shut off all the slaves, at which point the master
would read a high load again. This could quickly escalate into a rapid on/off cycling of inverters and could
cause long-term system problems.
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Operation
Auxiliary Terminals
The Radian inverter has two sets of terminals which can respond to different criteria and control many
functions. The 12V AUX terminals provide a 12 Vdc output that can deliver up to 0.7 Adc to control
external loads. The RELAY AUX terminals are “dry” relay contacts with no voltage. Each set of
terminals has its own set of programmed criteria. Each has identical options available. (When the
options described below refer generically to the “AUX output”, it can mean either set of terminals.)
Each AUX output has three states available: continuous
, continuous , and
Off On
, which allows
Auto
that output to be activated using the automatic auxiliary functions. (All functions on both sets of
terminals are defaulted to .) These functions are based in the Radian inverter and accessed using
Off
the MATE3. The MATE3 and other devices also have programming, such as AGS, that can control the
AUX outputs. To avoid conflicts, the output should be turned
(See page 32.)
when the AGS function is active.
Off
For the Radian automatic functions, typical applications include signaling a generator to start, sending
a fault alarm signal, or running a small fan to ventilate the batteries. See the Radian Series
Inverter/Charger Installation Manual for more information on hooking up each set of terminals. See the
MATE3 Owner’s Manual for instructions on programming each function.
The AUX terminals have a series of set points which are used by various functions. Both sets of
terminals have the same options available, but they are programmed independently. Not all set
points are used by all functions. Each AUX mode description below will detail the set points that are
used for that mode.
Low DC voltage settings
High DC voltage settings
On delay settings, in increments of 0.1 minutes
Off delay settings, in increments of 0.1 minutes
There are nine functions, each geared toward a different application. The first item on this list may not
be the default function displayed in either menu.
can perform load management. When battery voltage rises above a settable high voltage level,
Load Shed
the AUX output is activated after a settable delay. The AUX output is used to energize a relay, which is
connected to non-vital loads. The AUX output will be deactivated once the battery voltage falls below a low
voltage setting for a settable delay period.
will turn off when the inverter enters a high-temperature condition or when the AC output
Load Shed
voltage drops below 105 Vac for more than three seconds. It will also turn off if the input current exceeds the
setting while the inverter is using an AC source.
Input AC Limit
Parameters include:
Low and high DC voltage
On and off delay
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is used as a controller for an AC generator with a remote start feature, although it has limited
Gen Alert
functionality. (The generator recharges batteries using the inverter’s battery charger.) When the battery
voltage falls to a low set point for a settable delay, the AUX output is activated. The AUX output is used to
energize a relay. The relay contacts then activate the remote start/stop circuit on the generator. This is
illustrated in the Radian Series Inverter/Charger Installation Manual.) The AUX output will be deactivated once
the battery voltage rises to a high voltage setting for a settable delay period.
Parameters include:
Low and high DC voltage
On and off delay
Gen Alert control logic is located in the inverter. It has the advantage of functioning when the system
display is removed. However, it may not completely charge the batteries and does not have all the
advantages of the Advanced Generator Start (AGS) feature that is found in the system display. For many
users, the AGS feature may prove more useful than Gen Alert. Gen Alert, however, could be used as a literal
“Generator Alert”, a signal to the user to manually start a generator.
enables the AUX output when the inverter shuts down due to an error condition (see page 39). It can
activate a light or alarm to show that the inverter has failed. With the appropriate devices, it could send an
alarm signal through a radio, pager, or telephone dialer.
Fault
This function does not have settable parameters.
This function is not triggered by the Phase Loss error, as that error does not shut down the inverter.
enables the AUX output in response to a high DC (battery) voltage set point. It can run a small fan
Vent Fan
to ventilate the battery compartment to eliminate gases that result from battery charging. When the
voltage falls below this set point for a settable delay period, the AUX output turns off.
Parameters include:
High DC voltage
Off delay
enables the AUX output when the inverter reaches a high internal temperature. It is intended to
trigger a small external fan for additional cooling. See the Warning Troubleshooting table on page 40 for a
description of the fan criteria.
Cool Fan
This function does not have settable parameters.
enables the AUX output to divert excess renewable energy to a DC load, such as a resistor, a
DC Divert
heater, or a fuel cell. When battery voltage rises above a settable high voltage level, the AUX output is
activated after a settable delay. The AUX output controls a larger relay, which allows current to flow from the
batteries to a dedicated DC load when energized. (This is illustrated in the Radian Series Inverter/Charger
Installation Manual.) Diversion is activated by high DC voltage and is usually used to regulate battery
charging. The resistor must be sized to dissipate all of the energy from the renewable source if necessary.
Diversion will turn off following a delay when a low DC voltage setting is reached.
Parameters include:
Low and high DC voltage
On and off delay
enables the AUX function as an alert that the utility grid does not meet IEEE parameters for the
IEEE
grid-interactive function (see page 46). It can activate a light or alarm to show that the grid-interactive
function has shut down and that there may be problems with the grid. The AUX output will cycle on and off
if IEEE parameters are met and the IEEE timer is counting down.
This function does not have settable parameters.
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enables the AUX output whenever the inverter accepts an AC source. It can activate a light or
alarm to show that the utility grid is present or that a generator has started. Alternately, it could be used to
show that the source has disconnected.
Source Status
This function does not have settable parameters.
enables the AUX output to divert excess renewable energy to an AC load, usually an AC device
AC Divert
powered by the inverter itself. When battery voltage rises above a settable high voltage level, the AUX
output is activated after a settable delay. The AUX output controls a larger relay, which allows current to flow
from the batteries to a dedicated AC load when energized. Diversion is activated by high DC voltage
following a delay. This function is usually used to regulate battery charging. The AC device is usually wired
to the output or load panel and must be left on. It must be sized to dissipate all of the energy from the
renewable source if necessary. Diversion will turn off following a delay when a low DC voltage setting is
reached.
The AUX output will automatically turn on to run the loads if the inverter accepts an AC source.
Parameters include:
Low and high DC voltage
On and off delay
During variable conditions, the AUX output is triggered no more than once per minute (if voltage conditions
are still met). This prevents rapid nuisance cycling of the AC load in the event of rapidly changing
conditions.
AC Divert should not be used as the sole source of battery regulation. If the inverter shuts down or fails, the
batteries could suffer severe damage. This function should be supported by an external regulator.
If the inverter shuts down due to overload, the AUX output will also shut down. If the inverter load
exceeds 30 Aac, the AUX output will turn off to prevent an overload condition.
If either the FETs or the capacitors (see page 40) become too hot, the AUX will turn off due to
diminished inverter wattage capacity.
Note that even if every function in the menu is set to
external function such as AGS (see page 32).
, the AUX output may still be triggered by an
Off
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Operation
System Display-Based Functions
Advanced Generator Start (AGS)
As noted under the
feature (see page 31), the system is capable of starting a generator.
Gen Alert
simply starts and stops the generator based on battery voltage. For more advanced control,
Gen Alert
the inverter system can use the Advanced Generator Start (AGS) feature, which runs through the
entire three-stage charging cycle. It can start according to battery voltage, inverter load, time of day,
and other criteria. It has a quiet time feature which restricts the generator from starting at
inconvenient times. Additional features are also available.
Because this is an advanced function with capabilities beyond the inverter’s
, the control
Gen Alert
logic for AGS is based in the MATE3 system display, not the inverter. See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual
for more information on programming and using the AGS mode.
High Battery Transfer
In High Battery Transfer mode, the system is connected to an AC source such as the utility grid;
however, it will use battery power as the first priority. The AC source is locked out until needed.
In this mode, the system runs on battery-supplied power for as long as the batteries can be sustained.
It is expected that the system will be supplied by renewable sources such as PV power. When the
batteries become depleted, the system reconnects to the AC source to operate the loads.
The batteries may be recharged during this time using the renewable source. When the batteries are
recharged to a high enough voltage, the system transfers back to the batteries as the primary source
(hence the name High Battery Transfer).
The inverter’s charger should be off. High Battery Transfer mode is intended to use only the
NOTE:
renewable source for charging batteries. Renewable charging is the motivator for returning to battery
(and renewable) operation. Use of the inverter’s charger interferes with this priority. It also may not
charge effectively.
This mode has similar priorities to the
input mode contained within the Radian inverter.
Mini Grid
Either mode may achieve similar results, but they are not identical. See page 14 for the advantages
and disadvantages of each mode.
Because this is a system-wide function and not a function of individual inverters, the control logic for
High Battery Transfer is based in the MATE3 system display. See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual for more
information.
Grid Use Time
The inverter system is capable of connecting to, or disconnecting from, the utility grid based on time
of day. It can also be programmed to connect at different times on weekdays and on weekends.
Because this is a system-wide function and not a function of individual inverters, the control logic for
Grid Use Time is based in the MATE3 system display. See the MATE3 Owner’s Manual for more
information.
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Troubleshooting
Basic Troubleshooting
Table 2 is organized in order of common symptoms, with a series of possible causes. Each possible
cause also shows possible troubleshooting remedies, including system display checks where
appropriate.
In troubleshooting, AC
voltages can be measured
at this series of test points
using a narrow probe
Figure 8 AC Test Points
Table 2
Possible Cause
Troubleshooting
Possible Remedy
Symptom
No DC Voltage.
Use a DC voltmeter to check the voltage directly on the DC
terminals. If not present, the problem is external. If present, the
inverter could be damaged. Contact OutBack Technical Support
(see inside front cover of this manual).
Jumper J3 missing.
See the Installation Manual for the location of J3. Confirm the
jumper is present. If missing, replace the jumper. Or follow the
Installation Manual instructions to install an external switch.
No AC output
(will not invert).
Unit defaulted off
(No MATE3 present; initial
install; J3 confirmed present).
The Radian inverter is given an initial OFF command in the
factory. With DC present, use narrow pliers to remove jumper J3
from its pins. Once removed, install it again. This is the
equivalent of “jiggling the switch.”
INVERTER
hot key.
Inverter set to
.
MATE3 system display only: Set to
with the
Off
On
Inverter set to
mode).
(Search
MATE3 system display only: If constant power is required, set to
Search
On
INVERTER
with the
hot key. (If this setting was intentional, then
no action is required.)
One or more
Unit is slave and is in Power
Save mode.
MATE3 system display only: Check Power Save levels in the
menu and test with loads. Determine if the
inverter comes on at the appropriate levels. (If this setting was
intentional, then no action is required.)
inverters will not
invert while others
do (in multi-inverter
system).
Inverter Stacking
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Troubleshooting
Table 2
Possible Cause
Troubleshooting
Possible Remedy
Symptom
No AC input.
Check the AC voltage on the inverter’s input test points. (See
page 33.) If not present, the problem is external. If present, the
inverter could be damaged. Contact OutBack Technical Support
(see inside front cover of this manual).
AC input not connected on
both L1 and L2.
Check the AC voltage on the inverter’s input test points. (See
page 33.) Both L1 and L2 must have voltage. The inverter will not
accept an input from only one leg.
AC source is not 120/240 Vac
split-phase, or the AC source
Confirm the nature of the AC source. Check the AC voltage
between L1, L2, and neutral on the inverter’s input test points.
neutral is not connected to the (See page 33.) L1-neutral and L2-neutral voltages should be
inverter.
120 Vac. L1-L2 voltage should be 240 Vac. Other voltages or
combinations, such as two phases of a three-phase source
(208 Vac), or 240 Vac without a neutral, will not be accepted.
Inverter’s L1 output has been
Disconnect the wires from the inverter’s AC input terminals or AC
connected to its L2 input, or the output terminals, or both. If the problem immediately disappears,
other way around. This
problem is accompanied by
shifts in frequency.
it is an external wiring issue. The inverter’s input and output
terminals must remain isolated from each other.
AC source does not meet
requirements.
MATE3 system display only: Check the
screen
Last AC Disconnect
hot key and the selection) for the
AC INPUT
(using the
reason for disconnection. If the unit never originally connected,
check the menu (using the Inverter soft key from the
Discon
Warning
Home screen). Confirm source voltage and frequency.
Will not connect to
the AC source.
AC source meets requirements
but is “noisy” or irregular.
MATE3 system display only: The
irregular AC power. Select that mode for that input.
input mode can accept
Generator
Inverter was manually set to
disconnect from AC.
MATE3 system display only: Change the AC Input Control setting
from
to with the AC INPUThot key. (If this setting
Drop Use
was intentional, then no action is required.)
Grid use function has
disconnected from AC.
MATE3 system display only: If activated prematurely, check both
the MATE3’s
settings and the MATE3 clock settings
Grid Use Time
menu. (If this setting was intentional, then no
in the
System
action is required.)
AC INPUT
hot key screen
High Battery Transfer (HBX)
mode has disconnected from
AC.
MATE3 system display only: Check the
to see if HBX mode is in use. If activated prematurely, check the
settings of HBX mode. (If this setting was intentional, then no
action is required.)
input mode has
disconnected from AC.
MATE3 system display only: Check the
part of the
Settings
Mini Grid
Inverter
mode is in use. If activated prematurely,
menu to see if
Mini Grid
check the settings of
mode. (If this setting was
Mini Grid
intentional, then no action is required.)
Offset function has caused the
The Offset function sends excess renewable energy to the loads
inverter to disconnect from AC. to augment the AC source. If more renewable energy is produced
(
,
,
, and
than the loads can consume, the AC source is judged unnecessary
and the inverter disconnects from it. (See page 19.)
Support Backup UPS
input modes.)
Mini Grid
Conflicting programming.
MATE3 system display only: Check to see if more than one of the
following are enabled:
, HBX, Grid Use Time. These have
Mini Grid
conflicting priorities and only one can be used at a time.
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Troubleshooting
Table 2
Possible Cause
Troubleshooting
Possible Remedy
Symptom
Charge complete or nearly
complete.
Check the DC voltage and charging stage using the MATE3, if
present. Confirm with DC voltmeter.
MATE3’s DC meter reads
Check the DC voltage on the inverter’s DC terminals. If different
significantly higher than actual from the MATE3 reading, the inverter could be damaged.
battery voltage.
Otherwise, check the DC voltage on batteries with a voltmeter. If
different from the reading on the inverter, this could be a DC
connection problem.
Low charge rate.
High output loads. If total loads Turn off some of the output loads and test the charge rate again.
and charge exceed the AC input
setting, charge rate decreases
to give priority to the loads.
input mode in use.
Radian charge rate is limited in this mode (see page 9.)
See “Will not connect to AC” category.
Generator
No AC input.
Will not charge.
Charger set to
.
MATE3 system display only: Check the
screen with
Off
Charger Mode
or . (If this setting was
CHARGER
the
hot key and set to
On Auto
intentional, then no action is required.)
Unusual voltage on System neutral and ground may Test L1 OUT, L2 OUT, and NEU test points with AC voltmeter. (See
hot or neutral
output line.
not be bonded.
page 33.) These measurements should give full voltage. Test NEU
and ground connections. This measurement should read zero
volts. Any other result means neutral and ground are not bonded
correctly. If this is the case, usually the hot line reads 60-75 Vac
and the neutral reads 45-60 Vac, with respect to ground.
Unusual and
different voltages
on AC hot input
lines.
Input neutral is not connected
correctly. The inverter also may input and NEU connections with AC voltmeter. (This can be on
not connect to the AC source.
Test L1 input and NEU connections with AC voltmeter. Test L2
Grid or Gen input, depending where the symptoms appear.) Test
L1 to L2 input. From hot to neutral should be approximately
120 Vac. L1 to L2 should be approximately 240 Vac. If the two
legs are different voltages but still add up to 240 Vac, the neutral
is not connected to the inverter.
Grid-tied function has been
manually disabled.
MATE3 system display only: Check the
setting in
Grid-Tie Enable
menu. Confirm it is set to
the
.
Y
Grid-Tie Sell
mode not in use on
the appropriate input.
MATE3 system display only: Check the
menu to see if
Grid Tied
part of the
Settings
Grid Tied
Inverter
mode is in use. Confirm that it has been
selected for the correct Radian input terminals.
AC source does not meet
requirements.
Verify grid voltage and frequency. Determine if they are within
the inverter’s approved limits. If not, the inverter is behaving
correctly. Contact the utility company if necessary.
Will not sell power
to the utility grid.
MATE3 system display only: The program selections for limits are
or
. They are found in the inverter’s
menu.
IEEE user
Grid-Tie Sell
Inverter priority.
MATE3 system display only: Check
screen using the
Sell Status
Home screen’s soft keys. The inverter may be behaving correctly.
High output loads will consume Turn off some output loads and observe the sell function.
power before it is returned to
the utility grid.
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Troubleshooting
Table 2
Possible Cause
Troubleshooting
Possible Remedy
Symptom
Reduced power sold AC source voltage is driven high When the inverter senses a rise in grid voltage while selling, it
to the utility grid.
when the inverter sells large
amounts of power.
reduces the sell current, to avoid forcing the voltage to
unacceptable levels. Check AC input voltage while selling. The
inverter may be behaving correctly.
Erratic AC source voltage.
Check AC voltage on the inverter’s input test points. (See page
33.) If not consistent, the problem is external.
MATE3 system display only: AC source voltage may have dipped or
hovered at a low enough point to crash a sensitive load before
the inverter could take over. This can happen if the inverter’s
Grid
were
or
AC Input Voltage Limits Gen AC Input Voltage Limits
turned down to accommodate a problematic AC source. To make
the inverter respond sooner, raise the lower limit setting in the
appropriate menu. (If this setting was intentional, then no action
is required.)
Inverter set to
mode).
(Search
The unit will take a moment to come out of Search mode after
transferring.
Search
Loads drop out or
crash during
transfer.
MATE3 system display only: If constant power is required, set to
INVERTER
with the
hot key. (If this setting was intentional,
ON
then no action is required.)
Loads sensitive to inverter’s
transfer time.
MATE3 system display only: Most of the inverter’s input modes
mode not in feature an approximately 12 ms transfer time. Certain loads (such
UPS
as highly sensitive computers) may not respond well. The
use on the appropriate input.
UPS
input mode has a transfer time of less than 4 ms. Select this mode
for the appropriate input. (See page 12.)
Loads too large.
The unit can transfer more power than it can invert. If loads are
oversized, the unit will falter or crash when switching to batteries.
Reduce the size of the loads.
Undersized battery cables.
Battery cables smaller than recommended will cause a significant
voltage drop when switching to batteries, acting like either an
overload or a low-battery condition. Size all cables correctly.
Unit reads AC input, Internal transfer relay may be
Disconnect AC input wires and turn inverter on. Test the AC input
and neutral test points with an AC voltmeter. (See page 33.) If
voltage appears there, the transfer relay may be jammed. Contact
OutBack Technical Support (see inside front cover of this manual).
This problem is not common. If this occurs, it will likely occur on
only the Grid or Gen input — not both.
even though no
source is present.
damaged.
Inverter’s output has been
Disconnect the wires from the inverter’s AC input or AC output
connected to its input. Voltage terminals, or both. If the problem immediately disappears, it is an
shifts are the result of trying to
external wiring issue. The inverter’s AC HOT IN and AC HOT OUT
match its own voltage.
must remain isolated from each other.
Inverter clicks
repeatedly. AC
output voltage rises
or drops to unusual
levels with every
click.
Low AC input voltage. Can be
caused by weak AC source, or
by faulty input connection.
Test AC hot and neutral input test points with an AC voltmeter.
(See page 33.) If low or fluctuating, this is an external problem.
A generator is connected to the The inverter is not intended to sell power to a generator. The
input terminals while the unit is selling activity will drive the generator voltage up to the
in the Grid Tied input mode.
disconnection point. It will then reconnect to the generator and
try again. Change input modes, or move the generator to an
input with a different mode selected.
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Troubleshooting
Table 2
Possible Cause
Troubleshooting
Possible Remedy
Symptom
Inverter output is being fed
with an external AC source that the problem clears, reconnect the AC output wires. If the
Disconnect AC output wires. Turn the inverter off and then on. If
Inverter hums
loudly. System
is out of phase.
problem recurs when reconnected, an external AC source is
connected to the output.
display may show
messages for high
battery voltage,
low battery voltage,
or backfeed error.
Inverter has been incorrectly
stacked with another unit on
the same output. All units
come defaulted as master.
Check HUB ports and make certain the master inverter is plugged
into port 1.
MATE3 system display only: Check stacking settings in the
Inverter
menu. Only one master is allowed per system.
Stacking
AUX output is not connected.
Test the generator or device to confirm functionality. Test the
appropriate AUX terminals with a DVM. (If the RELAY AUX
terminals are in use, test for continuity. If the 12V AUX terminals
are in use, test for 12 Vdc.) If the proper results are present when
the menu indicates the function is
(and the device still does
On
not work), then there is an external connection problem. If the
proper results are not present with the function , the AUX
On
Generator, external
fan, etc. fails to start
when triggered by
AUX output.
circuit may be damaged. Contact OutBack Technical Support (see
inside front cover of this manual).
Wrong AUX terminals have
been programmed.
MATE3 system display only: Confirm that the AUX menu that was
programmed matches the terminals that are in use. The
Auxiliary
Auxiliary
menu programs the 12V AUX terminals. The
Output
menu programs the RELAY AUX terminals.
Relay
Wrong AUX terminals are in use. If generator or external device requires 12 Vdc, confirm the 12V
AUX terminals have been connected. The RELAY AUX terminals
do not provide voltage.
Automatic
MATE3 system display only: AGS Check both inputs for a second AC source (utility grid). If the
Generator Start fails function does not work if a valid inverter detects an acceptable AC source, it will not allow AGS.
to trigger when
conditions are met
(or starts when
conditions are not
met).
input is present.
This is true even if it is internally disconnected from the source
(due to HBX mode, mode, or similar programming).
Mini Grid
MATE3 system display is not
present.
AGS programming is located in MATE3 and cannot function if it is
removed.
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Troubleshooting
Error Messages
An Error is caused by a critical fault. In most cases when this occurs, the unit will shut down. The
MATE3 system display will show an Event and a specific Error message. This screen is viewed using the
MATE3 Home screen’s soft keys. (See the MATE3 manual for more instructions.) One or more
messages will display (yes). If a message says (no), it is not the cause of the error.
Y
N
The Radian series has no external indicators and requires a system display to identify an Error.
NOTE:
It is possible to clear an error by resetting the inverter. The inverter must be turned off, and then on,
to reset it. Other possible steps are shown below (although it is still necessary to reset the inverter).
Table 3 Error Troubleshooting
Message
Causes
Possible Remedy
Inverter’s AC regulation cannot be maintained
under high load conditions.
Check loads and measure current draw.
Remove loads as necessary.
Low Output Voltage
Inverter exceeded its maximum surge current
due to severe overload.
Check the loads and wiring. This issue is usually
the result of a wiring problem (a short), as
opposed to a poorly-sized load.
AC Output Shorted
AC Output Backfeed
Stacking Error
Usually indicates another AC power source (out
of phase with the inverter) was connected to
the unit’s AC output.
Disconnect the AC OUT wires from the inverter.
Check the wires (not the inverter) with an AC
voltmeter. If an AC source is present, shut it off.
Programming problem among stacked units.
(Often occurs if there is no master.)
Check stacking programming and designation
of master. (See page 25.)
Can also occur when
occurs.
Check for output backfeed from an external
source. Donnect output if necessary.
AC Output Backfeed
DC voltage is below low battery cut-out set
point, usually due to battery discharge.
If this error accompanies other errors, treat
those conditions as appropriate.
Low Battery V
High Battery V
If it occurs by itself: Recharge the batteries. The
error will clear automatically if an external AC
source is connected and the inverter’s charger
comes on.
This error can be triggered by other causes. It
can appear along with
,
Low Output Voltage AC
errors.
AC Output Backfeed
, or
Output Shorted
DC voltage exceeded acceptable level (specified Check the charging source. This problem is
on page 15).
usually the result of external charging. This
error will clear automatically if conditions are
removed.
Inverter has exceeded its maximum allowed
operating temperature.
Allow the inverter to remain off for a short time
to reduce the temperature, or add external
cooling.
Over Temperature
Phase Loss
A slave was ordered to transfer to AC by the
master, but no AC is present. The unit continues terminals. If AC voltage is not present, problem
Check the AC voltage on the inverter input
inverting. This is the only “Error” that is not
accompanied by a shutdown.
is external. If AC voltage is present, the unit may
be damaged. Contact OutBack Technical
Support (see inside front cover of this manual).
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Troubleshooting
Warning Messages
A Warning message is caused by a non-critical fault. When this occurs, the unit will not shut down, but
the MATE3 system display will show an Event and a specific Warning message. This screen is viewed
using the MATE3 Home screen’s soft keys. (See the MATE3 manual for more instructions.) One or
more messages will display (yes). If a message says (no), it is not the cause of the warning.
Y
N
The Radian series has no external indicators and requires the MATE3 system display to identify
NOTE:
a Warning.
Some warnings can become errors if left unattended. Frequency and voltage warnings are meant to
warn of a problematic AC source. Often the inverter will disconnect from the source. This will occur if
the condition lasts longer than the inverter’s transfer delay settings. If the inverter disconnects, the
warning will display as long as the source is present, accompanied by a Disconnect message. (See
next page.)
Warning screens can only display warnings; they cannot clear them. The way to correct the fault may
be obvious from the message.
Table 4 Warning Troubleshooting
Message
Definition
Possible Remedy
The AC source is above the upper acceptable
frequency limit (66 Hz) and prevents
connection.
Check the AC source. If it is a generator, reduce
its speed.
AC Freq Too High
The AC source is below the lower acceptable
frequency limit (54 Hz) and prevents
connection.
Check the AC source. If it is a generator, increase
its speed.
AC Freq Too Low
Voltage Too High
The AC source is above the upper acceptable
voltage limit on either L1 or L2 (132 Vac
default setting) and prevents connection.
Check the AC source. The inverter’s acceptance
range is adjustable.
Adjusting the range may accommodate a
NOTE:
problematic AC source, but it will not fix it.
The AC source is below the lower acceptable
voltage limit on either L1 or L2 (108 Vac
default setting) and prevents connection.
Check the AC source. Check the AC wiring. The
inverter’s acceptance range is adjustable.
Voltage Too Low
Input Amps > Max
Adjusting the range may accommodate a
NOTE:
problematic AC source, but it will not fix it.
AC loads are drawing more current from the
AC source than allowed by the input setting.
Check the loads. Oversized loads can open circuit
breakers. If they exceed the inverter’s transfer
relay size, the relay can be damaged.
This issue is usually the result of a poorly-sized
load, as opposed to a wiring problem.
An internal inverter temperature sensor may
be malfunctioning. One of the three internal
sensor meters may give an unusual reading.
In the MATE3, the three readings are labeled
Temp Sensor Bad
Comm Fault
and
.
Capacitors
Transformer, Output FETs,
These values are given in degrees Celsius. See
next page.
The inverter has suffered an internal
communication failure.
Unit still functions, but may require repair.
Contact OutBack Technical Support (see inside
front cover of this manual).
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Troubleshooting
Table 4 Warning Troubleshooting
Message
Definition
Possible Remedy
The inverter’s internal cooling fan is not
operating properly. Lack of cooling may
result in derated inverter output wattage.
Turn the battery disconnect off, and then on, to
determine if the fan self-tests. After this test,
contact OutBack Technical Support for the next
step. (The next step will depend on the results of
the test.)
Fan Failure
The system can continue to operate if the
NOTE:
inverter can be run at reasonable levels. External
cooling may also be applied.
D
isplays the ambient temperature around the
In the MATE3, these values are given in degrees
Celsius.
Transformer
inverter’s transformer.
(in
menu)
Temps
If any reading does not seem to reflect the
inverter’s temperature or conditions, contact
OutBack Technical Support (see inside front cover
of this manual).
Displays the temperature of the FETs (Field
Effect Transistors) and heat sink.
Output FETs
(in menu)
Temps
Displays the temperature of the inverter’s
ripple capacitors.
Capacitors
(in menu)
Temps
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Troubleshooting
Disconnect Messages
Disconnect messages explain the reason that the inverter rejected an AC source. The unit returns to
AC INPUT
inverting mode if turned on. This screen is viewed using the
hot key on the MATE3. (See
the MATE3 manual for more instructions.) One or more messages will display (yes). If a message
Y
says (no), it is not the cause of the disconnect. The MATE3 system display may generate a
N
concurrent Event and Warning message following the disconnect. (See previous page.) If the AC
source is removed, the Warning will be blank, but the cause of the last disconnect will remain.
Disconnect messages only display the reason for the disconnection; they cannot correct it. It is usually
the result of external conditions, not an inverter fault. If the condition is corrected, the inverter will
reconnect. A few settings can be changed to accommodate problems with the AC source.
The reasons shown in the Sell Status menu for ceasing to sell power (see next page) are not the same
as disconnect messages, although they may be caused by the same circumstance. A grid-interactive
unit can stop selling and still remain connected to the utility grid.
Table 5 Disconnect Troubleshooting
Message
Definition
Possible Remedy
The AC source has exceeded
66 Hz.
Check AC source. If it is a generator, reduce speed.
Frequency Too High
The AC source has dropped below Check AC source. If it is a generator, increase speed.
54 Hz.
Frequency Too Low
Voltage > Maximum
The AC source has exceeded
140 Vac (default value) on either
L1 or L2.
Check AC source. The inverter’s acceptance range
is adjustable.
Adjusting the range may accommodate a
NOTE:
problematic AC source, but it will not fix it.
The AC source has dropped below Check AC source. The inverter’s acceptance range
Voltage < Minimum
Backfeed
108 Vac (default value) on either
L1 or L2.
is adjustable.
Adjusting the range may accommodate a
NOTE:
problematic AC source, but it will not fix it.
Usually indicates another AC
power source (out of phase with
Disconnect the AC OUT wires. Check the wires
(not the inverter) with an AC voltmeter. If an AC
the inverter) was connected to the source is present, shut it off. (This is more often
unit’s AC output.
accompanied by an
error.)
AC Output Backfeed
Check input source and wiring. This can be caused
by a source with phase problems. It can also be
caused by transferring from one AC source to
another before the inverter can synchronize itself.
Can also occur if an out-of-phase
AC source is connected to the
inverter’s AC input.
The unit cannot remain in phase
with an erratic AC source.
Check AC source. This can be caused by a
Phase Lock
generator with a poorly regulated output. Some
generators behave this way when running out of
fuel. If necessary, set the Radian inverter to the
This is not an “Error” as
NOTE:
defined on page 39 and is not
accompanied by a shutdown.
input mode. (See page 9.)
Generator
The unit detects something other
than normal grid conditions. This
is usually the result of an open AC
input circuit.
Check all input circuit breakers for an open circuit.
This may (rarely) happen with a generator. If
Island Detect
necessary, set the inverter to the
input
Generator
mode. (See page 9.)
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Troubleshooting
Sell Status
Sell Status messages describe conditions relating to the inverter’s grid-interactive mode. This screen is
viewed using the MATE3 Home screen’s soft keys. (See the MATE3 manual for more instructions.) One
or more messages will display (yes). If a message says (no), it is not the cause of the disconnect.
Y
N
If the inverter has stopped selling or charging unexpectedly, this screen may identify the reason. More
often these messages are used by a normally functioning inverter to identify external conditions that
are preventing selling or charging. (If nothing has stopped, the messages will indicate that as well.)
The acceptable limits for AC source voltage and frequency are displayed on page 47. If the AC source
exceeds these limits, the inverter will stop selling and display the appropriate code. After the source
returns to the acceptable range, the screen will begin a 5-minute timer. When the timer expires, the
inverter will begin selling power again.
If the AC source is unstable, it may become unacceptable before the timer expires. This may cause the
timer to continually reset. It is possible for brief fluctuations to occur that are too fast to be seen on a
DVM. If this happens, the appropriate message will still appear on the system display for a short time
to help troubleshoot the problem.
Additionally, undersized wires or bad connections can result in local voltage problems. If a
Voltage
message is accompanied by voltage changes that do not appear at the
or
Too Low Voltage Too High
main utility connection, check the wiring.
Table 6
Sell Status Messages
Definition
Sell Status
The
command has been set to (no).
Grid-Tie Enable
N
Selling Disabled
Qualifying Grid
All utility grid conditions are acceptable. The inverter is running
a 5-minute test during which it confirms the grid quality. The
timer is shown on the screen. At the end of that time, the
inverter may be ready to sell.
The utility grid’s AC frequency is below the acceptable range for
selling. (See page 47.)
Frequency Too Low
Frequency Too High
Voltage Too Low
Voltage Too High
Battery < Target
The utility grid’s AC frequency is above the acceptable range for
selling. (See page 47.)
The utility grid’s AC voltage is below the acceptable range for
selling. (See page 47.)
The utility grid’s AC voltage is above the acceptable range for
selling. (See page 47.)
The battery voltage is below the target voltage for that stage
(Float, Selling, etc.). No excess energy is available to sell.
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Specifications
Specifications for Model GS8048
Table 7 Electrical Specifications for Model GS8048
Specification
Nominal DC Input Voltage
Value
48 Vdc
8000 VA
120/240 Vac
60 hz
Continuous Output Power at 25°C
AC Output Voltage
AC Output Frequency
33.3 Aac at 240 Vac
True Sinewave
90%
Continuous AC Output Current at 25°C
Waveform
CEC Weighted Efficiency
< 5%
< 2%
Total Harmonic Distortion (maximum)
Harmonic Distortion (maximum single voltage)
Output Voltage Regulation
2 %
100 Aac at 240 Vac, 200 Aac at 120 Vac
70.7 Aac at 240 Vac
16.97 kVA
12 kVA
9 kVA
30 watts
9.9 watts
(L1 or L2) 108 – 132 Vac
54 – 66 Hz
Maximum Output Current (1 ms peak)
Maximum Output Current (100 ms RMS)
Overload Capability (100 ms surge)
Overload Capability (5 second)
Overload Capability (30 minute)
Idle Consumption - Invert mode, no load
Idle Consumption - Search Mode
AC Input Voltage Range (Adjustable)
AC Input Frequency Range
55 Aac at 240 Vac
(L1 or L2) 108 – 132 Vac
(L1 or L2) 59.3 – 60.5 Hz
30 Aac at 240 Vac
115 Adc
AC Input Current (Maximum)
Grid-Interactive Voltage Range (Default)
Grid-Interactive Frequency Range (Default)
Battery Charger Maximum AC Input
Battery Charger Maximum DC Output
DC Input Voltage Range
40 – 64 Vdc
200 Adc
424.2 Adc
0.7 Adc at 12 Vdc
10 A at 250 Vac or 30 Vdc
DC Input Current at Rated Power
Maximum DC Input Current on Surge
Auxiliary Output
Auxiliary Relay
Table 8 Mechanical Specifications for Model GS8048
Specification
Inverter Dimensions (H x W x L)
Shipping Dimensions (H x W x L)
Inverter Weight
Value
16” x 28” x 8.75” (40.6 cm x 71.1 cm x 22.2 cm)
21” x 34.5” x 14.5” (53.3 cm x 87.6 cm x 36.8 cm)
125 lbs (56.8 kg)
140 lbs (64 kg)
Shipping Weight
RJ11 (batt temp) and RJ45 (remote)
Accessory Ports
Yes
No
Vented
Non-volatile Memory
Neutral-Ground Bond Switching
Chassis Type
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Specifications
Environmental Specifications
Table 9 Environmental Specifications for All Models
Specification
Rated Temperature Range (meets all specifications)
Value
32°F to 122°F
(0°C to 50°C)
Operational Temperature Range (functions, but does not necessarily meet all specifications) –40°F to 140°F
(–40°C to 60°C)
Storage Temperature Range
–40°F to 140°F
(–40°C to 60°C)
Regulatory Specifications
Canadian Electrical Code, Part I (CSA C22.2 No. 107.1-01 (R2006)
UL 1741, 2nd Edition, Revised January 28, 2010, Static Inverter and Charge Controllers for Use in Photovoltaic
Power Systems
Inverters intended for grid-interactive use in the United States and Canada must comply with the
established standards of UL 1741 and IEEE 1547 and 1547.1. These standards provide regulation for
acceptable output voltage ranges, acceptable output frequency, total harmonic distortion (THD) and
anti-islanding performance when the inverter is exporting power to a utility source.
The OutBack grid-interactive models are tested using the procedures listed in IEEE 1547.1 to the
standards listed in both UL 1741 and IEEE 1547. The following specifications have been validated
through compliance testing and refer to exporting power to a simulated utility source of less than
1% voltage total harmonic distortion (THD).
The output of the Radian series exceeds the minimum power factor of 0.85 with a typical power factor of 0.96
or better.
The individual harmonics do not exceed the limits specified in Table 3 of IEEE 1547 Section 4.3.3. The THD of
the root mean square (RMS) current is less than 5%.
The Radian inverters cease to export power to the simulated utility source under islanding conditions
specified in IEEE 1547 Section 4.4.1.
The Radian inverters also cease to export power to the simulated utility source after the output voltage or
frequency of the simulated utility source are adjusted to each of the conditions specified in IEEE 1547 Section
4.2.3 Table 1 and Section 4.2.4 Table 2 within the times specified in those tables. All Radian inverters
manufactured for use in the United States and Canada are tested to comply with the table below.
Table 10 Radian Series Interconnection Response Times to
Abnormal Voltages or Frequencies (per leg)
Voltage Range
Frequency
Seconds
Cycles
(AC Volts)
(Hz)
Allowed
Allowed
V < 60.0
60.0
0.16
9.6
120.0
no cessation
60.0
60.0 < V < 105.6
105.6 < V < 132.0
132.0 < V < 144.0
V > 144.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
2.0
no cessation
1.0
0.16
9.6
120.0
120.0
< 59.3
> 60.5
0.16
0.16
9.6
9.6
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Specifications
The acceptance ranges are selected using the system display. In the MATE3, the options are
IEEE
and
user.
The
option allows a range of 108 – 132 Vac at 59.3 – 60.5 Hz
IEEE
user
The
option does not have a fixed voltage setting. It follows the upper and lower limit settings in the
Grid AC Input Mode and Limits menu. The default is a range of 108 – 132 Vac.
Reconnection delay is 6 seconds. Sell delay is 5 minutes. These settings are not adjustable.
Firmware Revision
This manual applies to Radian series inverter/chargers with a firmware version of 001.000.xxx
or higher.
Default Settings and Ranges
Table 11 GS8048 Inverter Settings
Field
Item
Default
Off
Minimum
Maximum
INVERTER
Hot Key Inverter Mode
On, Off, or Search
CHARGER
Hot Key Charger Control
On
On or Off
AC Input
Hot Key
AC Input Mode
Use
Drop or Use
Sensitivity (see page 16 for increments)
Pulse Length
10
0
250
Search
8 AC cycles
60 AC cycles
Grid
4 AC cycles
4 AC cycles
20 AC cycles
120 AC cycles
Pulse Spacing
Input Priority
Grid or Gen
AC Input and
Current Limit
Grid Input AC Limit
Gen Input AC Limit
Charger AC Limit
50 Aac
50 Aac
30 Aac
5 Aac
5 Aac
0 Aac
55 Aac
55 Aac
30 Aac
Generator, Support, Grid Tied, UPS, Backup,
Mini Grid
Input Mode
Grid Tied
Voltage Limit Lower
(Voltage Limit)Upper
Transfer Delay
108 Vac
132 Vac
70 Vac
110 Vac
Grid AC Input
Mode and Limits
125 Vac
140 Vac
6 AC cycles
0.2 minutes
0 AC cycles
0.2 minutes
240 AC cycles
15 minutes
Connect Delay
Generator, Support, Grid Tied, UPS, Backup,
Mini Grid
Input Mode
Generator
Voltage Limit Lower
(Voltage Limit) Upper
Transfer Delay
108 Vac
140 Vac
70 Vac
125 Vac
110 Vac
140 Vac
Gen AC Input
Mode and Limits
6 AC cycles
0.5 minutes
240 Vac
0 AC cycles
0.2 minutes
220 Vac
240 AC cycles
15 minutes
260 Vac
Connect Delay
Output Voltage
AC Output
Cut-Out Voltage
Cut-In Voltage
Absorb Voltage
(Absorb) Time
Float Voltage
(Float) Time
42 Vdc
50 Vdc
36 Vdc
40 Vdc
48 Vdc
56 Vdc
Low Battery
57.6 Vdc
1.0 hours
54.4 Vdc
1.0 hours
50 Vdc
52 Vdc
64 Vdc
0.0 hours
48 Vdc
24.0 hours
60 Vdc
Battery Charger
0.0 hours
48 Vdc
24.0 hours
52 Vdc
Re-Float Voltage
Equalize Voltage
(Equalize) Time
58.4 Vdc
1.0 hours
56 Vdc
0.0 hours
68 Vdc
24.0 hours
Battery Equalize
900-0020-01-00 Rev A
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Specifications
Table 11 GS8048 Inverter Settings
Field
Item
Default
Minimum
Off, Auto or On
Load Shed, Gen Alert, Fault, Vent Fan, Cool Fan,
DC Divert, IEEE, Source Status, AC Divert
Maximum
Aux Control
Aux Mode
Off
Vent Fan
(Load Shed) ON: Batt >
(Load Shed ON) Delay
(Load Shed) OFF: Batt <
(Load Shed OFF) Delay
(Gen Alert) ON: Batt <
(Gen Alert ON) Delay
(Gen Alert) OFF: Batt >
(Gen Alert OFF) Delay
(Vent Fan) ON: Batt >
(Vent Fan) Off Delay
(DC Divert) ON: Batt >
(DC Divert ON) Delay
(DC Divert) OFF: Batt <
(DC Divert OFF) Delay
(AC Divert) ON: Batt >
(AC Divert ON) Delay
(AC Divert) OFF: Batt <
(AC Divert OFF) Delay
Aux Control
56 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
18 Secs
44 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
18 Secs
56 Vdc
30 Secs
44 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
30 Secs
44 Vdc
30 Secs
40 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
40 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
40 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
40 vdc
6 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
56 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
Auxiliary Output
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
56 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
56 Vdc
1500 Secs
Off
Off, Auto or On
Load Shed, Gen Alert, Fault, Vent Fan, Cool Fan,
DC Divert, IEEE, Source Status, AC Divert
Aux Mode
Gen Alert
(Load Shed) ON: Batt >
(Load Shed ON) Delay
(Load Shed) OFF: Batt <
(Load Shed OFF) Delay
(Gen Alert) ON: Batt <
(Gen Alert ON) Delay
(Gen Alert) OFF: Batt >
(Gen Alert OFF) Delay
(Vent Fan) ON: Batt >
(Vent Fan) Off Delay
(DC Divert) ON: Batt >
(DC Divert ON) Delay
(DC Divert) OFF: Batt <
(DC Divert OFF) Delay
(AC Divert) ON: Batt >
(AC Divert ON) Delay
(AC Divert) OFF: Batt <
(AC Divert OFF) Delay
56 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
18 Secs
44 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
18 Secs
56 Vdc
30 Secs
44 Vdc
30 Secs
56 Vdc
30 Secs
44 Vdc
30 Secs
40 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
40 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
40 Vdc
6 Secs
48 Vdc
6 Secs
40 vdc
6 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
56 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
Auxiliary
Relay
1500 Secs
56 Vdc
1500 Secs
72 Vdc
1500 Secs
56 Vdc
1500 Secs
Stack Mode
Master
Master, Slave
Inverter Stacking
Master Power Save Level
Slave Power Save Level
Grid-Tie Enable
0
1
0
1
31
31
Power Save
(in Stacking Menu)
Y
Y or N
Grid-Tie Sell
Calibrate
Sell Voltage
Grid-Tie Window
Input Voltage
Output Voltage
Battery Voltage
52 Vdc
40 Vdc
60 Vdc
IEEE
IEEE or user
0
0
0
-7
-7
-0.8
7
7
0.8
48
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Product Registration
The purchase of an OutBack Power Technologies product is an important investment. Registering the
products will help us maintain the standard of excellence you expect from us in terms of performance,
quality and reliability.
Please take a moment to register and provide us with some important information.
Registration can be done as follows:
Go to the following web site.
or
Fill out the information on this form (pages 49 and 50) and return a paper copy using a postal service to the
following address:
OutBack Power Technologies
Attn: Warranty Registration
5917 – 195th Street N.E., #7
Arlington, WA 98223 USA
Be sure to keep a copy for your records.
SYSTEM OWNER
Name
Address
City, State,
Postal or Zip Code
Country
Telephone Number
E-mail
SYSTEM PURCHASE
Product Model Number
Product Serial Number
Sold by
Purchase Date
900-0020-01-00 Rev A
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Product Registration
INSTALLATION INFORMATION
System Install/Commission Date
System Array Size
System Array Nominal Voltage
Type of PV Modules
System Battery Bank Size (Amp-Hours)
Brand and Model of Batteries
Does this system include an auxiliary AC generator?
If yes, please specify brand and model of generator
INSTALLER INFORMATION
Contractor Number
Installer Name
Installer Address
Installer City, State, Postal or Zip Code, Country
Installer Telephone/E-mail
Please check ALL factors affecting purchase decision:
Grid-Interactive Capability
Product Reputation
Back-up Capability
Reputation of OutBack Power Technologies
Value
Looks
Other
Extended Warranty
For areas where it is a requirement of local programs, OutBack Power Technologies offers a five-year
(5) extension to the standard five-year (5) Limited Warranty for the Radian Series Inverter/Charger. To
request a 5-year limited warranty extension for a total effective warranty coverage period of ten (10)
years, please include a payment in the amount of
USD per inverter, payable to OutBack Power
$899
Technologies, Inc. along with the Product Registration. Please submit within 90 days of the first retail
sale of the inverter(s). Please indicate the quantity of each product.
Be sure to keep a copy for your records.
50
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Warranty
5-Year Limited Warranty for Radian Products
OutBack Power Technologies, Inc. (“OutBack”) provides a five-year (5) limited warranty (“Warranty”)
against defects in materials and workmanship for its Radian Series products (“Product”) if installed in
fixed location applications.
The term of this Warranty begins on the Product(s) initial purchase date, or the date of receipt of the
Product(s) by the end user, whichever is later. This must be indicated on the invoice, bill of sale,
and/or warranty registration card submitted to OutBack. This Warranty applies to the original OutBack
Product purchaser, and is transferable only if the Product remains installed in the original use location.
The warranty does not apply to any Product or Product part that has been modified or damaged by
the following:
Installation or Removal;
Alteration or Disassembly;
Normal Wear and Tear;
Accident or Abuse;
Corrosion;
Lightning;
Repair or service provided by an unauthorized repair facility;
Operation or installation contrary to manufacturer product instructions;
Fire, Floods or Acts of God;
Shipping or Transportation;
Incidental or consequential damage caused by other components of the power system;
Any product whose serial number has been altered, defaced or removed;
Any other event not foreseeable by OutBack.
OutBack’s liability for any defective Product, or any Product part, shall be limited to the repair or
replacement of the Product, at OutBack’s discretion. OutBack does not warrant or guarantee
workmanship performed by any person or firm installing its Products. This Warranty does not cover
the costs of installation, removal, shipping (except as described below), or reinstallation of Products or
parts of Products.
THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY APPLICABLE TO OUTBACK PRODUCTS.
OUTBACK EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ITS PRODUCTS,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. OUTBACK ALSO EXPRESSLY LIMITS ITS LIABILITY IN THE EVENT OF A PRODUCT
DEFECT TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY
AND EXCLUDES ALL LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY LIABILITY FOR PRODUCTS NOT BEING AVAILABLE FOR USE OR LOST
REVENUES OR PROFITS, EVEN IF IT IS MADE AWARE OF SUCH POTENTIAL DAMAGES. IF YOU ARE A
CONSUMER THAT PURCHASED THIS PRODUCT IN A MEMBER STATE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, YOU
MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL STATUTORY RIGHTS UNDER DIRECTIVE 1999/44/EC. THESE RIGHTS MAY VARY
FROM EU MEMBER STATE TO EU MEMBER STATE. SOME STATES (OR JURISDICTIONS) MAY NOT ALLOW
THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF WARRANTIES OR DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSIONS OR
LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
900-0020-01-00 Rev A
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Warranty
How to Arrange for Warranty Service
During the warranty period beginning on the invoice date, OutBack Power Technologies will repair or
replace products covered under this limited warranty that are returned to OutBack Power
Technologies’ facility or to an OutBack Power Technologies authorized repair facility, or that are
repaired on site by an OutBack Power Technologies authorized repair person.
IMPORTANT:
For full Warranty description, see previous page.
Contacting OutBack
To request warranty service, contact OutBack Technical Support at
or
+1.360.618.4363 [email protected]
or direct at
+1.360.435.6030
. To ensure warranty coverage, this contact must
be within the effective warranty period. If service is required, the OutBack Technical Support
representative will issue a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.
Troubleshooting
In the event of a Product failure, the customer will need to work with an OutBack Technical Support
representative to perform the necessary troubleshooting. This is a required step before a return can
be performed. Troubleshooting requires a qualified technician to be present at the site of the Product,
with a quality voltmeter that measures both DC and AC. The OutBack representative will request
voltmeter readings, Product error messages, and other information. Many, many problems can be
resolved on-site. If the customer is not willing or able to provide these readings (or is not willing or
able to visit the site), and the Product is found to have no problems upon return, OutBack may choose
to charge additional labor and handling fees up to $180.00 U.S.
Return Material Authorization (RMA)
A request for an RMA number requires all of the following information:
1. Product model and serial number;
2. Proof-of-purchase in the form of a copy of the original Product purchase invoice or receipt
confirming the Product model number and serial number;
3. Description of the problem; and
4. Shipping address for the repaired or replacement equipment.
Upon receiving this information, the OutBack representative can issue an RMA number.
52
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Warranty
Returning Product to OutBack
After receiving the RMA number, the customer must pack the Product(s) authorized for return, along
with a copy of the original purchase invoice and warranty certificate, in the original Product shipping
container(s) or packaging providing equivalent or reasonable protection. The RMA number must be
written on the outside of the packaging where it is clearly visible.
If Product is within the warranty period, OutBack will cover pre-paid shipping with prior arrangement.
The Product(s) must be shipped back to OutBack Power Technologies in their original or equivalent
packaging, to the following address:
OutBack Power Technologies
RMA # ____________________
6115 192nd Street NE
Arlington, WA 98223 USA
The customer must insure the shipment, or accept the risk of loss or damage during shipment. If a
shipping box is needed for return of a Product, OutBack will send a shipping box upon request.
IMPORTANT:
OutBack is not responsible for shipping damage caused by improperly packaged
Products, the repairs this damage might require, or the costs of these repairs.
If, upon receipt of the Product, OutBack determines the Product or Product part is defective and that
the defect is covered under the terms of this Warranty, OutBack will then, and only then, ship a
repaired or replacement Product or Product part to the purchaser freight prepaid, non-expedited,
using a carrier of OutBack’s choice, where applicable.
If Product fails in ninety (90) or fewer days from original purchase date, OutBack will replace with a
new Product. If Product fails after ninety (90) days and up to expiration of warranty, OutBack will, at its
discretion, either repair and return a Product, or ship a replacement Product. OutBack will determine
whether a Product is to be repaired or replaced in accordance with Product age and model. OutBack
will authorize advance shipment of a replacement based on Product age and model.
In cases where an OutBack dealer or distributor replaces a Product more than ninety (90) days old with
a new Product, OutBack will NOT compensate that dealer or distributor with new stock unless the
exchange was authorized in advance by OutBack.
Out of Warranty
If Product is out of warranty, OutBack will repair and return Product for a fee. Alternately, if applicable,
OutBack will advance-ship replacement parts for a fee upon request.
If a shipping box is needed for return of out-of-warranty Product, OutBack will send a shipping box
upon request. The customer is responsible for paying shipping to OutBack.
The warranty period of any repaired or replacement Product or Product part is ninety (90) days from
the date of shipment from OutBack, or the remainder of the initial warranty term, whichever is greater.
This Warranty is void for any Product that has been modified by the customer without authorization
by OutBack. A Product with a voided warranty will be treated the same as one with an expired
warranty.
900-0020-01-00 Rev A
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Warranty
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54
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Index
1
D
10-year Warranty ...............................................................50
12V AUX................................................................................30
Default Settings .................................................................47
Definitions..............................................................................2
Design ...................................................................................16
Disconnect...........................................................................42
Diversion ..............................................................................30
DVM................................................................................... 9, 10
A
Absorption Stage...............................................................21
AC Drop ................................................................................31
AC Input,...............................................................................17
AC Source Acceptance..............................................18, 47
AC Test Points.....................................................................33
Adding New Devices........................................................10
AGS.........................................................................................32
Audience ................................................................................1
AUX...........................................................................................2
AUX ........................................................................................30
AUX Functions
E
Equalization.........................................................................25
Errors......................................................................................39
ETL ........................................................................................2, 7
Extended Warranty...........................................................50
F
AC Drop...........................................................................31
Cool Fan ..........................................................................30
Diversion.........................................................................30
Fault..................................................................................31
GenAlert...................................................................31, 32
LoadShed........................................................................31
Remote............................................................................31
Vent Fan..........................................................................31
Features ..................................................................................7
Float Stage...........................................................................23
Functional Test.....................................................................9
Functions
AC Input Limit...............................................................17
AC Transfer.....................................................................19
Battery Charging..........................................................22
Inverting..........................................................................16
LBCO.................................................................................16
Offset................................................................................20
Search ..............................................................................17
B
Backup...................................................................................14
Battery Charging.........................................................21, 22
Battery Charging Graph ..................................................22
G
GenAlert.........................................................................31, 32
Generator .............................................................................11
Sizing................................................................................19
Grid Tied ...............................................................................12
Grid Use Timer....................................................................32
Grid-Interactive ....................................................................2
C
Charging
Absorption Stage.........................................................21
Float Stage .....................................................................23
Float Timer .....................................................................24
New Bulk.........................................................................24
None.................................................................................21
Compliance Testing..........................................................46
Cool Fan................................................................................30
CSA .................................................................................... 2, 46
H
HBX.........................................................................................32
High Battery Cut-Out........................................................16
High Battery Transfer (HBX) ...........................................15
900-0020-01-00 Rev A
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Index
I
Settings.................................................................................47
Silent...............................................................................23, 29
Specifications
IEEE.................................................................................... 2, 46
Input Modes........................................7, 11, 17, 20, 22, 23
Input Priorities....................................................................17
Inverting ...............................................................................16
Electrical..........................................................................45
Mechanical.....................................................................45
Environmental ..............................................................46
Regulatory......................................................................46
Stacking ................................................................................27
Parallel.............................................................................28
Startup.....................................................................................9
Support.................................................................................12
Symbols Used .......................................................................1
System Display .................................................................2, 8
L
LBCO (Low Battery Cut-Out) ..........................................16
Levels, Power Save............................................................29
LoadShed .............................................................................31
M
T
MATE or MATE2....................................................................7
MATE3 .....................................................................................8
Minigrid..........................................................................15, 32
Modes......................................................................................7
Backup.............................................................................14
Generator .......................................................................11
Grid Tied..........................................................................12
Minigrid....................................................................15, 32
Support ...........................................................................12
UP......................................................................................14
Target ....................................................................................20
Temperature ................................................................40, 46
Temperature Compensation .........................................26
Terms and Definitions........................................................2
Test Points............................................................................33
Three-Stage Charging......................................................22
Timers
Absorption ..............................................................21, 24
Equalize...........................................................................25
Float..................................................................................24
Transfer Relay...............................................................17, 19
Troubleshooting.........................................................33, 52
Disconnect Messages.................................................42
Error Messages..............................................................39
Sell Status Messages...................................................43
Warning Messages ......................................................40
O
Offset .....................................................................................20
P
Parallel Stacking.................................................................28
Power Save ..........................................................................29
Powering Down .................................................................10
U
UL...................................................................................3, 7, 46
UP (Uninterruptible Power)............................................14
Utility Grid..............................................................................3
R
Registration .........................................................................49
Regulatory............................................................................46
RELAY AUX...........................................................................30
Remote System Display.....................................................2
Remote Temperature Sensor (RTS) .............................26
Response Times .................................................................46
RTS............................................................................................2
V
Vent Fan Control................................................................31
W
Warnings .............................................................................40
Warranty...............................................................................51
10-Year ............................................................................50
Contacting .....................................................................52
Extended.........................................................................50
Registration....................................................................49
RMA ..................................................................................52
Shipping..........................................................................53
S
Safety.......................................................................................1
General..............................................................................3
Search....................................................................................17
Sell Status.............................................................................43
56
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North America:
5917 – 195th St NE, #7
Arlington, WA 98223 USA
+1.360.435.6030
900-0020-01-00 Rev A
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