Nady Systems Microphone XR 61 User Manual

Nady wireless systems are type accepted under FCC rules  
parts 90, 74, and 15.  
This device complies with RSS-210 of Industry & Science  
Canada.  
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this  
device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device  
must accept any interference received, including interference  
that may cause undesired operation.  
NADY XR-61  
VHF DigiTRU Diversity™ System  
XR PRO SERIES  
WIRELESS MICROPHONE SYSTEM  
OWNER’S MANUAL  
NADY SYSTEMS, INC. • 6701 SHELLMOUND STREET, EMERYVILLE, CA 94608  
Tel: 510.652.2411 • Fax: 510.652.5075 • www.nadywireless.com  
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INTRODUCTION  
XR-61 RECEIVER  
Reception Mode  
Controls  
DigiTRU Diversity™  
Power ON/OFF, volume control, mute control  
Thank you for purchasing a Nady XR Pro Series XR-61 Diversity Wireless Microphone  
System and congratulations on your choice. Also available is the XR-62, which is a single  
rackmount unit with dual receivers for operation of 2 channels simultaneously. The XR Pro  
Series systems are loaded with top professional operating features and are the best per-  
formance and price values available in VHF diversity rackmount wireless systems.  
Connectors  
Balanced XLR and unbalanced adjustable  
1/4" audio out jacks, 2.1 mm barrel-type DC  
input jack  
LED Indicators  
Diversity Dimensions (Max.)  
Weight  
Power ON, 5-LED RF & AF level displays, A/B  
1.75" x 7.5" x 16.5" (4.4 x 19 x 42 cm)  
3.82 lbs (1.73 kg)  
Power Requirements  
12V @ 400mA, nominal, AC/DC adapter  
supplied  
Antenna  
Antenna Connectors  
11.2" (28.5 cm), dual telescopic  
dual SO-239 jacks  
USING THIS MANUAL  
This booklet gives instructions for the operation of the XR-61 single channel VHF wireless,  
including handheld, instrument, lavalier, headmic and plug-in transmitter systems. Please  
read the instructions for your system completely before operating unit.  
This manual will first list the features of the XR-61 Pro Series System and then will take you  
step by step in explaining how to operate your new system. After reading the receiver  
instructions, turn to the section of the booklet that covers the type of transmitter used with  
your new system. Each section will give you detailed operating instructions. Also included in  
this manual are system specifications and servicing information.  
SERVICE  
(U.S.) Should your Nady XR-61 Pro Series Wireless Microphone System require service,  
please contact the Nady Service Department via telephone at (510) 652-2411 or e-mail to  
[email protected] for a Return Authorization (R/A) Number and a service quote (if  
out of warranty). Make sure the R/A Number is clearly marked on the outside of the pack-  
age and enclose a cashier's check or money order (if not prepaid with a credit card). Ship  
the unit prepaid to: Nady Systems, Inc., Service Department, 6701 Shellmound Street,  
Emeryville, CA 94608. Include a brief description of the problems you are experiencing.  
The warranty card enclosed with this system contains additional valuable warranty and  
service information. Keep it in a safe place for future possible reference. Do not attempt  
to service this unit yourself as it will void the warranty.  
(International) For service, please contact the Nady distributor in your country through the  
dealer from whom you purchased this product.  
3
18  
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SYSTEM FEATURES  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Available on selected frequencies in the VHF high band  
(171-216 MHz) for interference-free, long-range performance  
Proprietary companding circuitry for an industry-best 120dB  
Dynamic Range, and the clearest, most natural sound available  
Operating Range: Up to 250 feet typical (depending on site conditions)-up  
to 500+ feet line-of-sight  
XR PRO SERIES OVERALL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE  
Frequency Response  
25-20,000 Hz, +/-3dB  
Dynamic Range  
120dB  
Total Harmonic Distortion  
RF Carrier Frequency Range  
Frequency Stability  
Modulation  
<0.3%  
169-216 MHz  
+/- 0.005%, crystal controlled  
FM (F3E), +/-20KHz max.  
Up to 250 ft. typical (depending on site  
conditions); up to 500+ feet optimum line-of-sight  
Noise-free transmitter ON-OFF operation  
Operating Range  
XR-61 RECEIVER  
Rugged single rack space metal housing  
Dual antennas and Nadys advanced DigiTRU Diversity(tm) digital processing  
circuitry for maximum dropout protection and operating range  
RF and AF 5-LED displays for monitoring incoming signal strength and audio level  
Convenient, front mounted recessed antenna jacks for either onboard or remote  
antennas  
Balanced microphone level XLR output and 1/4” adjustable line level output for  
maximum versatility  
Easy access volume control for adjustable audio output  
Mute (squelch) adjust control  
Externally powered by AC/DC power adaptor  
TRANSMITTERS  
Audio Inputs  
• WHT-15  
• WLT-15/WGT-15  
Nady DM-10D neodymium dynamic cartridge  
3.5mm mono locking jack for connecting to omni  
or unidirectional lavalier mic or unidirectional  
headworn mic, with phantom power (WLT-15);  
or connecting to instrument cable (WGT-15)  
Locking XLR jack for connecting to microphone or  
cable, with selectable phantom power  
• LINK 2™  
Controls  
• WHT-15  
WHT-15 HANDHELD MIC TRANSMITTER  
OFF/STANDBY/ON switch  
OFF/STANDBY/ON switch, input level adjust  
OFF/STANDBY/ON, LO/HI Level, and ON/OFF  
Phantom power switch  
Unit "ON" (single flash), Low Battery Alert  
(steady)  
50mW (Max. allowed by FCC)  
>-40dB  
9V Alkaline  
Features the Nady DM -10D unidirectional neodymium dynamic cartridge  
for optimum true sound, maximum feedback rejection and minimal handling noise  
OFF/STANDBY/ON switch allows convenient audio muting with the  
transmitter “ON”  
Low battery LED indicator flashes once for unit “ON”; lights steady for low  
battery alert  
• WLT-15/WGT-15  
• LINK 2™  
LED Indicator  
RF Power Out  
Harmonic & Spurious Emissions  
Battery  
Rubber, easy-mount” mic clip included  
WGT-15 & WLT-15 BODYPACK TRANSMITTERS  
Choice of instrument (WGT-15) or headworn/lavalier microphone (WLT-15)  
bodypack transmitter  
OFF/STANDBY/ON switch allows convenient audio muting with the  
transmitter “ON”  
Low battery LED indicator flashes once for unit “ON”; lights steady for low  
battery alert  
Locking 3.5mm mini-jack provides secure connection for removable microphone  
or instrument cable  
Battery Life  
Dimensions  
• WHT-15  
• WLT-15/WGT-15  
• LINK 2™  
Weight (w/o battery)  
• WHT-15  
• WLT-15/WGT-15  
• LINK 2™  
Up to 15 hours  
9.5" X 1.4" Diam. (24.1 X 3.5 cm)  
4.1" X 2.4"X 0.8" (10.4 X 6.1 X 2.0 cm)  
4.5" X 1.5" X 1.25" (11.4 X 3.8 X 3.2 cm)  
6.9 oz (193 g)  
3.6 oz (101 g)  
2.6 oz (71 g)  
Easily accessible input level adjust control for optimum sound  
LINK 2™ PLUG-IN TRANSMITTER  
Plug-in transmitter converts your favorite XLR handheld or lavalier microphone  
to wireless instantly  
Rugged construction and positive locking connector for reliable performance  
Selectable phantom power and LO/HI audio input level  
Optional leatherette pouch with clip available for use as bodypack  
4
17  
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OPERATION  
XR-61 RECEIVER  
38  
1. Rackmounting the Receiver  
The XR-61 receiver is supplied with RACK EARS (1) which can be attached with the screws  
provided on the front of the side panels to enable rackmounting the receiver. (Note: Do not  
mount the receiver in a rack directly above an amplifier or other source of high heat-this  
could degrade the performance of the XR-61/62. Always ensure adequate airflow and  
heat dissipation in any rack configuration.)  
44  
2. Powering the Receiver  
43  
Plug the 12V AC/DC ADAPTER (2) provided into the DC INPUT JACK (3) on the back of the  
receiver. Then plug the power supply into an AC outlet. (Note: Any 12V DC source with  
400mA capability can also be used.) Press the POWER SWITCH (4) once to turn on the  
receiver. The POWER ON LED (5) integrated into the switch will now light and the receiver  
is operational.  
41  
36  
3. Antennas  
37  
Connect the front panel TELESCOPIC ANTENNAS (5) or optional remote antennas to the  
ANTENNA JACKS (6). Extend the antennas fully to obtain maximum range. Optimal  
antenna position is 45 degrees from the receiver (at 90 degrees from each other). For max-  
imum range, it is always best to maintain a line of sight (no obstructions) between the  
receiver antennas and the transmitter at all times whenever possible  
40  
42  
45  
39  
4. Mute (Squelch) Adjustment  
In normal operation, the MUTE CONTROL (7) should be set fully counterclockwise to the  
factory preset minimum RF level. However, in areas of high RF activity, the mute (or  
squelch, as it is sometimes called) may need to be adjusted to compensate for the adverse  
conditions in a particular location. If, with the transmitter off, the receivers A and/or B  
DIVERSITY LED INDICATORS (8) and/or one or more LEDs of the 5 LED RF LEVEL DISPLAY  
(9) flicker or stay on, the squelch control should be turned clockwise until the LEDs extin-  
guish. When the squelch is properly adjusted, the A and/or B LEDs or the RF LEVEL LED  
displays will only light when the system transmitter is turned on. Turning the squelch control  
too far clockwise will reduce the range, but yield a quieter mute (squelch) function. During  
operation, especially at ranges greater than 75 feet, one or the other of the A or B LEDs  
may extinguish briefly. This is normal-the units DigiTRU Diversity™ reception ensures that  
the received audio will not be interrupted. When both the A/B DIVERSITY LEDs and the 5  
LED RF LEVEL display extinguish, the transmitter is out of range for that given location, and  
the user should move closer to the receiver to re-establish the radio link.  
36  
XLR Connector – Connects microphone to the transmitter module for signal input  
Locking Ring – Locks microphone to the transmitter  
37  
38  
Optional Pouch – For lavalier bodypack operation (with beltclip and strap ring for  
securing)  
39  
Gain Control Switch – Adjusts the input sensitivity (LO or HI)  
40 Low Battery LED – Single flash (power on), lit steady (low battery)  
41  
Power Switch - Turns the power ON/STANDBY/OFF. In standby position, the power is  
on and the audio is off.  
42  
43  
44  
45  
Phantom Power ON/OFF Switch Turns the phantom power ON/OFF  
Battery Compartment  
Release Button – Press to release XLR connector  
9V Alkaline Battery  
5
16  
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4. Microphone Operation  
5. Connecting the Audio Output  
a. Turn on The Link 2 by sliding the ON/STANDBY/OFF SWITCH (41) to the STANDBY  
position (transmitter on, audio muted) or the ON position (transmitter and audio both on).  
The LOW BATTERY INDICATOR LED (40) will give a single quick flash, indicating usable  
battery strength. In case of dead or low battery, the indicator will either not go on at all or  
stay on continuously, indicating a battery voltage below 7V. If this occurs, replace with  
fresh 9V battery. Remember to turn the transmitter off when not in use.  
The XR-61 receiver provides both a fixed mic level BALANCED AUDIO OUTPUT XLR (10)  
and an adjustable line level UNBALANCED AUDIO OUTPUT 1/4” JACK (11). The level  
from the UNBALANCED OUTPUT is controlled by the rear panel VOLUME CONTROL (12).  
(Note: As when making any connection, make sure the amplifier or mixing board volume is  
at the minimum level before plugging in the receiver to avoid possible sound system dam-  
age. Also make sure that the phantom power on the input of the mixer is turned OFF  
before making connection to the receiver.)  
b. The Link 2 is now ready to use. The A and/or B DIVERSITY LED INDICATORS (8) and  
most or all of the RF DISPLAY LEDs (9) on the XR-61 receiver should now be lit, indicating  
a received signal from the transmitter. When ready to speak, slide the transmitter switch to  
the ON position and adjust the volume of the receiver as per the Audio Output  
Microphone Connection section of the above XR-61 receiver instructions. The AF LEVEL LED  
DISPLAY (13) on the XR-61 receiver will light up to 5 LEDs (4 green and 1 red) for all  
input signals. Occasional flickering on and off during use of the top red LED  
indicator in this display is normal, however if the red LED stays on continuously, it means  
the signal is too loud and there is the possibility of overload distortion. Re-position the  
microphone farther from the source or adjust the Link 2 transmitter gain with the VOLUME  
LO/HI GAIN SWITCH (39). Set for the maximum possible level without noticeable distortion  
on the high level peaks. Set the GAIN SWITCH to LO to decrease the audio level, and set  
the GAIN SWITCH to HI to increase the audio level. The red LED indicator should flicker  
only on the loudest inputs.  
a. Instrument Connection (using the WGT-15 instrument transmitter)  
Insert an audio cord with a 1/4” mono phone plug in the UNBALANCED OUTPUT  
JACK (11) on the rear panel of the receiver. Plug the other end of the cord into an  
amplifier, effects, or mixing board. Adjust the VOLUME CONTROL (12) on the XR-61  
receiver clockwise to about 3/4 rotation, until the volume level is comfortable for your  
application. This setting is roughly equivalent to a direct instrument cord connection.  
Turning the volume up to maximum will provide 4dB gain over a cord.  
b. Microphone Connection (using the WLT-15 transmitter with either a headset or  
lavalier microphone or the WHT-15 handheld microphone transmitter)  
For microphone use, either the BALANCED MIC AUDIO OUTPUT XLR (10) or the 1/4”  
line level UNBALANCED OUTPUT (11) can be used. The XLR output is set at a non-  
adjustable microphone level, similar to hardwired mic levels. Plug an XLR  
connector into the XLR output jack on the rear of the unit and plug the other end  
into your amplifier or mixing board. (Note: Make sure the phantom power on your  
mixing board is turned off and the volume is turned down when making connections.)  
For your convenience, the XLR output level is preset at the factory and is not adjustable  
with the receiver volume control. To use the 1/4” UNBALANCED OUTPUT JACK (11),  
follow the instructions for the Instrument Connection (above), except start with the  
receiver volume at 1/2 MAX and adjust the volume control until the volume level is  
optimal. If the volume control is set too high, you may overload your mixer or amp.  
[Note: Observe care in selecting P.A. volume, transmitter location and speaker placement  
so that acoustic feedback (howling and screeching) will be avoided. Please also observe  
the pickup patterns of the microphone selected: omnidirectional mics pick up sound equally  
from all directions and are prone to feedback if not used carefully. Unidirectional mics are  
more resistant to feedback, but pick up sound sources best that are directly in front of the  
mic. Also, mics that are farther from the sound source, such as lavaliers, require more  
acoustic gain and thus are also more prone to feedback than close-source mics such as  
handheld or headworn mics that are used close to the mouth.]  
(Note: Microphone elements can easily be destroyed by the buildup of salts and minerals  
from perspiration and saliva. It is good practice to put a windscreen on the mic element at  
all times to protect it.)  
6
15  
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THE LINK 2™ PLUG-IN TRANSMITTER  
1. Transmitter Set-Up  
First, slide open the BATTERY COMPARTMENT DOOR (43) to expose compartment. Insert a  
fresh 9V ALKALINE BATTERY (45), observing polarity. Close the battery compartment door.  
2. Handheld Microphone Installatio  
• Step 1 - Rotate the transmitters threaded LOCKING RING (37) clockwise toward the  
XLR CONNECTOR (36) until it stops.  
• Step 2 - Hold your mic in one hand and The Link 2 in the other.  
• Step 3 - Plug your mic into the XLR CONNECTOR.  
XR-61 Receiver  
1
1
• Step 4 - Lock the mic into place with the adjustable threaded LOCKING RING by  
rotating the ring, counterclockwise, to the top of the transmitter.  
• Step 5 - To release the XLR CONNECTOR, turn the threaded LOCKING RING clock  
wise and press the RELEASE BUTTON (44).  
4
3. Lavalier Microphone Installation  
6
8
9
13  
The lavalier microphone you are using must terminate with an XLR connector and conform  
to the pin assignments shown below. If they do not conform, you must use an appropriate  
adapter or the lav mic may not work with the Link 2. If you have any questions, please con-  
tact your Nady dealer or Nady Systems’ Customer Service Department.  
6
5
5
Note: the pin assignments on The Link 2s XLR connector are as shown:  
7
11  
12  
10  
3
2
Note: Select phantom power, as needed, with the PHANTOM POWER ON/OFF SWITCH (42)  
14  
7
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WHT-15 HANDHELD MICROPHONE TRANSMITTER  
1. Unscrew the BATTERY COMPARTMENT COVER (17) and remove, exposing the BATTERY  
HOLDER (18). Insert a fresh 9V ALKALINE BATTERY (19), observing the correct polarity as  
marked, and screw the cover back on to the microphone. Make sure the cover is screwed  
on completely. A fresh alkaline battery can last up to 16 hours in use, but in order to  
ensure optimum performance, it is recommended that you replace the battery after every  
10 hours of use.  
35  
32  
34  
33  
2. Turn on the WHT-15 by sliding the OFF/STANDBY/ON SWITCH (20) to the STANDBY  
position (transmitter on, audio muted) or the ON position (transmitter and audio both on).  
The BATTERY INDICATOR LED (21) will give a single quick flash, indicating usable battery  
strength. In the case of a dead or low battery, the LED will either not go on at all or will  
stay on continuously, indicating that the battery should be replaced with a fresh one. To  
preserve battery life, turn the transmitter off when not in use.  
32  
30  
3. The microphone is now ready to use. The A and/or B DIVERSITY LED INDICATORS (8)  
and most or all of the RF LEVEL DISPLAY LEDs (9) on the XR-61 receiver should now be lit,  
indicating a received signal from the transmitter. When ready to speak, slide the transmitter  
switch to the ON position. Adjust the volume of the receiver as per the Audio Output  
Microphone Connection section of the above XR-61 receiver instructions. The AF LEVEL  
LED DISPLAY (13) on the XR-61 receiver will light up to 5 LEDs (4 green and 1 red) for all  
input signals. Occasional flickering on and off during use of the top red LED indicator in  
this display is normal, however if the red LED stays on continuously, it means the signal is  
too loud and there is the possibility of overload distortion. Back off from the microphone  
until the red LED indicator only flickers on peaks.  
[Note: Observe care in selecting P.A. volume, transmitter location and speaker placement  
so that acoustic feedback (howling or screeching) will be avoided.]  
30  
[Note: Microphone elements can easily be destroyed by the buildup of salts and minerals  
from perspiration and saliva. It is good practice to put a windscreen on the mic element at  
all times to protect it.]  
31  
8
13  
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WGT-15 INSTRUMENT BODYPACK TRANSMITTER  
1. Snap open the BATTERY COMPARTMENT (30) and insert a fresh 9V BATTERY (31),  
observing the correct polarity. Close the compartment. The WGT-15 is provided with a  
3.5 mm LOCKING JACK (32) for connecting the INSTRUMENT CABLE (35). To secure the  
connection, turn the metal slip ring on the plug clockwise to thread it on to the jack. To  
unplug, reverse the process. Slip the transmitter into a pocket or clip on to your clothes or  
instrument strap. (Note: As the cord to the instrument also serves as the antenna, be sure to  
extend it fully for maximum range. Rolling up or shortening the cord may reduce the effec-  
tive operating range.)  
2. Turn on the WGT-15 by sliding the OFF/STANDBY/ON SWITCH (32) to the STANDBY  
position (transmitter on, audio muted) or the ON position (transmitter and audio both on).  
The BATTERY INDICATOR LED (33) will give a single quick flash, indicating usable battery  
strength. In the case of a dead or low battery, the LED either will not go on at all or will  
stay on continuously, indicating that the battery should be replaced with a fresh one.  
3. The WGT-15 transmitter is now ready to use. The A and/or B DIVERSITY LED INDICA-  
TORS (8) and most or all of the RF DISPLAY LEDs (9) on the XR-61 receiver should now be  
lit, indicating a received signal from the transmitter. Adjust the volume of the receiver as per  
the Audio Output Instrument Connections section of the above XR-61 receiver instructions.  
For optimum performance, an INPUT LEVEL CONTROL (34) is provided on the top panel of  
the WGT-15. Adjust the gain by turning the control with a small slot head screwdriver. It is  
recommended that this control be turned to maximum gain. However, for ultra high-gain  
instrument sources such as active bass pickups or even extra hot guitar pickups, turning the  
level down slightly will create a cleaner sound.  
20  
21  
17  
21  
20  
(Note: Turning down the input gain too much can compromise the signal-to-noise ratio and  
is not recommended. Set for the maximum possible gain and headroom without noticeable  
distortion on the high level peaks).  
18  
The AF LEVEL LED DISPLAY (13) on the XR-61 receiver will light up to 5 LEDs (4 green and  
1 red) for all input signals. Occasional flickering on and off during use of the top red LED  
indicator in this display is normal, however if the red LED stays on continuously, turn down  
the instrument volume or adjust the INPUT LEVEL CONTROL (34) on the WGT-15 transmit-  
ter, or noticeable distortion may result.  
17  
19  
(Note: Scratchy noises can sometimes occur when some electric guitars/basses with dirty  
pots or connections are used with any wireless system. For this reason, the supplied  
INSTRUMENT CORD (35) has a factory installed capacitor inside the 1/4” plug. This  
capacitor provides first order filtering of the RF signal from the cord into the guitar and  
eliminates virtually all scratchy noises. Should your equipment still give you scratchy noises,  
we suggest these steps to eliminate them:  
1) Make sure all guitar volume and tone pots are clean and all contacts are  
solid-this is very important.  
2) Provide extra filtering with a 220 pF capacitor soldered across the hot to ground  
terminals of the guitars volume and tone pots.)  
12  
9
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WLT-15 LAVALIER/LAPEL OR HEADWORN MICROPHONE BODYPACK TRANSMITTER  
24  
1. Snap open the BATTERY COMPARTMENT (22) and insert a fresh 9V BATTERY (23),  
observing the correct polarity. Close the compartment.  
2. The WLT-15 is provided with a 3.5 mm LOCKING JACK (24) for connecting the micro-  
phone. Plug in either the LAVALIER/LAPEL (25) or the HEADWORN MICROPHONE (26), as  
supplied. To secure the connection, turn the metal slip ring on the plug clockwise to thread  
it on to the jack. To unplug, reverse the process. Slip the transmitter into a pocket or clip  
on to your clothes. To use the lavalier mic, attach it at chest level. Do not place too close  
to the mouth-a distance of about six inches usually works best. To use the headworn mic,  
place it on the head and adjust the mic boom so that the mic is about one inch to the side  
of the front of the mouth. (Note: The lavalier or headworn mic wire is also the transmit  
antenna, and rolling up or shortening the wire may reduce the effective operating range.  
Extend the wire fully during use, and keep it as straight as possible.)  
29  
28  
27  
22  
25  
3. Turn on the WLT-15 by sliding the OFF/STANDBY/ON SWITCH (27) to the STANDBY  
position (transmitter on, audio muted) or the ON position (transmitter and audio both on).  
The BATTERY INDICATOR LED (28) will give a single quick flash, indicating usable battery  
strength. In the case of a dead or low battery, the LED either will not go on at all or will  
stay on continuously, indicating that the battery should be replaced with a fresh one.  
4. The microphone is now ready to use. The A and/or B DIVERSITY LED INDICATORS (8)  
and most or all of the RF DISPLAY LEDs (9) on the XR-61 receiver should now be lit, indicat-  
ing a received signal from the transmitter. When ready to speak, slide the transmitter switch  
to the ON position and adjust the volume of the receiver as per the Audio Output  
Microphone Connection section of the above XR-61 receiver instructions. The AF LEVEL  
LED DISPLAY (13) on the XR-61 receiver will light up to 5 LEDs (4 green and 1 red) for all  
input signals. Occasional flickering on and off during use of the top red LED indicator in  
this display is normal, however if the red LED stays on continuously, it means the signal is  
too loud and there is the possibility of overload distortion. Re-position the microphone far-  
ther from the source or adjust the AUDIO INPUT LEVEL CONTROL (29) until the red LED  
indicator flickers only on the loudest inputs.  
26  
22  
[Note: Observe care in selecting P.A. volume, transmitter location and speaker placement  
so that acoustic feedback (howling and screeching) will be avoided. Please also observe  
the pickup patterns of the microphone selected: omnidirectional mics pick up sound equally  
from all directions and are prone to feedback if not used carefully. Unidirectional mics are  
more resistant to feedback, but pick up sound sources best that are directly in front of the  
mic. Also, mics that are farther from the sound source, such as lavaliers, require more  
acoustic gain and thus are also more prone to feedback than close-source mics such as  
handheld or headworn mics that are used close to the mouth.]  
23  
(Note: Microphone elements can easily be destroyed by the buildup of salts and minerals  
from perspiration and saliva. It is good practice to put a windscreen on the mic element at  
all times to protect it.)  
10  
11  
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