Lincoln Electric Home Safety Product IM583 A User Manual

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IM583-A  
December, 1999  
POWER WAVE 455  
For use with machines having Code Numbers:  
10372, 10553, 10555  
Safety Depends on You  
Lincoln arc welding and cutting  
equipment is designed and built  
with safety in mind. However, your  
overall safety can be increased by  
proper installation ... and thought-  
ful operation on your part. DO  
NOT INSTALL, OPERATE OR  
REPAIR THIS EQUIPMENT  
WITHOUT READING THIS  
MANUAL AND THE SAFETY  
PRECAUTIONS CONTAINED  
THROUGHOUT. And, most  
importantly, think before you act  
and be careful.  
Date of Purchase:  
Serial Number:  
Code Number:  
Model:  
Where Purchased:  
R
OPERATOR’S MANUAL  
• World's Leader in Welding and Cutting Products •  
• Sales and Service through Subsidiaries and Distributors Worldwide •  
Cleveland, Ohio 44117-1199 U.S.A. TEL: 216.481.8100 FAX: 216.486.1751 WEB SITE: www.lincolnelectric.com  
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SAFETY  
ARC RAYS can burn.  
ELECTRIC SHOCK can  
4.a. Use a shield with the proper filter and cover  
plates to protect your eyes from sparks and  
the rays of the arc when welding or observing  
open arc welding. Headshield and filter lens  
should conform to ANSI Z87. I standards.  
kill.  
3.a. The electrode and work (or ground) circuits  
are electrically “hot” when the welder is on.  
Do not touch these “hot” parts with your bare  
skin or wet clothing. Wear dry, hole-free  
gloves to insulate hands.  
4.b. Use suitable clothing made from durable flame-resistant  
material to protect your skin and that of your helpers from  
the arc rays.  
3.b. Insulate yourself from work and ground using dry insulation.  
Make certain the insulation is large enough to cover your full  
area of physical contact with work and ground.  
4.c. Protect other nearby personnel with suitable, non-flammable  
screening and/or warn them not to watch the arc nor expose  
themselves to the arc rays or to hot spatter or metal.  
In addition to the normal safety precautions, if welding  
must be performed under electrically hazardous  
conditions (in damp locations or while wearing wet  
clothing; on metal structures such as floors, gratings or  
scaffolds; when in cramped positions such as sitting,  
kneeling or lying, if there is a high risk of unavoidable or  
accidental contact with the workpiece or ground) use  
the following equipment:  
FUMES AND GASES  
can be dangerous.  
5.a. Welding may produce fumes and gases  
hazardous to health. Avoid breathing these  
• Semiautomatic DC Constant Voltage (Wire) Welder.  
• DC Manual (Stick) Welder.  
• AC Welder with Reduced Voltage Control.  
fumes and gases.When welding, keep  
your head out of the fume. Use enough  
ventilation and/or exhaust at the arc to keep  
fumes and gases away from the breathing zone. When  
welding with electrodes which require special  
ventilation such as stainless or hard facing (see  
instructions on container or MSDS) or on lead or  
cadmium plated steel and other metals or coatings  
which produce highly toxic fumes, keep exposure as  
low as possible and below Threshold Limit Values (TLV)  
using local exhaust or mechanical ventilation. In  
confined spaces or in some circumstances, outdoors, a  
respirator may be required. Additional precautions are  
also required when welding on galvanized steel.  
3.c. In semiautomatic or automatic wire welding, the electrode,  
electrode reel, welding head, nozzle or semiautomatic  
welding gun are also electrically “hot”.  
3.d. Always be sure the work cable makes a good electrical  
connection with the metal being welded. The connection  
should be as close as possible to the area being welded.  
3.e. Ground the work or metal to be welded to a good electrical  
(earth) ground.  
5.b. Do not weld in locations near chlorinated hydrocarbon vapors  
coming from degreasing, cleaning or spraying operations.  
The heat and rays of the arc can react with solvent vapors to  
form phosgene, a highly toxic gas, and other irritating  
products.  
3.f. Maintain the electrode holder, work clamp, welding cable and  
welding machine in good, safe operating condition. Replace  
damaged insulation.  
3.g. Never dip the electrode in water for cooling.  
5.c. Shielding gases used for arc welding can displace air and  
cause injury or death. Always use enough ventilation,  
especially in confined areas, to insure breathing air is safe.  
3.h. Never simultaneously touch electrically “hot” parts of  
electrode holders connected to two welders because voltage  
between the two can be the total of the open circuit voltage  
of both welders.  
5.d. Read and understand the manufacturer’s instructions for this  
equipment and the consumables to be used, including the  
material safety data sheet (MSDS) and follow your  
employer’s safety practices. MSDS forms are available from  
your welding distributor or from the manufacturer.  
3.i. When working above floor level, use a safety belt to protect  
yourself from a fall should you get a shock.  
3.j. Also see Items 6.c. and 8.  
5.e. Also see item 1.b.  
Mar ‘95  
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SAFETY  
WELDING SPARKS can  
cause fire or explosion.  
CYLINDER may explode  
if damaged.  
6.a. Remove fire hazards from the welding area.  
If this is not possible, cover them to prevent  
7.a. Use only compressed gas cylinders  
containing the correct shielding gas for the  
the welding sparks from starting a fire.  
Remember that welding sparks and hot  
materials from welding can easily go through small cracks  
and openings to adjacent areas. Avoid welding near  
hydraulic lines. Have a fire extinguisher readily available.  
process used and properly operating  
regulators designed for the gas and  
pressure used. All hoses, fittings, etc. should be suitable for  
the application and maintained in good condition.  
7.b. Always keep cylinders in an upright position securely  
chained to an undercarriage or fixed support.  
6.b. Where compressed gases are to be used at the job site,  
special precautions should be used to prevent hazardous  
situations. Refer to “Safety in Welding and Cutting” (ANSI  
Standard Z49.1) and the operating information for the  
equipment being used.  
7.c. Cylinders should be located:  
Away from areas where they may be struck or subjected to  
physical damage.  
6.c. When not welding, make certain no part of the electrode  
circuit is touching the work or ground. Accidental contact  
can cause overheating and create a fire hazard.  
•A safe distance from arc welding or cutting operations and  
any other source of heat, sparks, or flame.  
7.d. Never allow the electrode, electrode holder or any other  
electrically “hot” parts to touch a cylinder.  
6.d. Do not heat, cut or weld tanks, drums or containers until the  
proper steps have been taken to insure that such procedures  
will not cause flammable or toxic vapors from substances  
inside. They can cause an explosion even though they have  
been “cleaned”. For information, purchase “Recommended  
Safe Practices for the Preparation for Welding and Cutting of  
Containers and Piping That Have Held Hazardous  
Substances”, AWS F4.1 from the American Welding Society  
(see address above).  
7.e. Keep your head and face away from the cylinder valve outlet  
when opening the cylinder valve.  
7.f. Valve protection caps should always be in place and hand  
tight except when the cylinder is in use or connected for  
use.  
7.g. Read and follow the instructions on compressed gas  
cylinders, associated equipment, and CGA publication P-l,  
“Precautions for Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in  
Cylinders,” available from the Compressed Gas Association  
1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.  
6.e. Vent hollow castings or containers before heating, cutting or  
welding. They may explode.  
6.f. Sparks and spatter are thrown from the welding arc. Wear oil  
free protective garments such as leather gloves, heavy shirt,  
cuffless trousers, high shoes and a cap over your hair. Wear  
ear plugs when welding out of position or in confined places.  
Always wear safety glasses with side shields when in a  
welding area.  
FOR ELECTRICALLY  
powered equipment.  
8.a. Turn off input power using the disconnect  
switch at the fuse box before working on  
the equipment.  
6.g. Connect the work cable to the work as close to the welding  
area as practical. Work cables connected to the building  
framework or other locations away from the welding area  
increase the possibility of the welding current passing  
through lifting chains, crane cables or other alternate cir-  
cuits. This can create fire hazards or overheat lifting chains  
or cables until they fail.  
8.b. Install equipment in accordance with the U.S. National  
Electrical Code, all local codes and the manufacturer’s  
recommendations.  
6.h. Also see item 1.c.  
8.c. Ground the equipment in accordance with the U.S. National  
Electrical Code and the manufacturer’s recommendations.  
Mar ‘95  
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SAFETY  
zones où l’on pique le laitier.  
PRÉCAUTIONS DE SÛRETÉ  
Pour votre propre protection lire et observer toutes les instructions  
et les précautions de sûreté specifiques qui parraissent dans ce  
manuel aussi bien que les précautions de sûreté générales suiv-  
antes:  
6. Eloigner les matériaux inflammables ou les recouvrir afin de  
prévenir tout risque d’incendie dû aux étincelles.  
7. Quand on ne soude pas, poser la pince à une endroit isolé de  
la masse. Un court-circuit accidental peut provoquer un  
échauffement et un risque d’incendie.  
Sûreté Pour Soudage A L’Arc  
1. Protegez-vous contre la secousse électrique:  
8. S’assurer que la masse est connectée le plus prés possible  
de la zone de travail qu’il est pratique de le faire. Si on place  
la masse sur la charpente de la construction ou d’autres  
endroits éloignés de la zone de travail, on augmente le risque  
de voir passer le courant de soudage par les chaines de lev-  
age, câbles de grue, ou autres circuits. Cela peut provoquer  
des risques d’incendie ou d’echauffement des chaines et des  
câbles jusqu’à ce qu’ils se rompent.  
a. Les circuits à l’électrode et à la piéce sont sous tension  
quand la machine à souder est en marche. Eviter toujours  
tout contact entre les parties sous tension et la peau nue  
ou les vétements mouillés. Porter des gants secs et sans  
trous pour isoler les mains.  
b. Faire trés attention de bien s’isoler de la masse quand on  
soude dans des endroits humides, ou sur un plancher  
metallique ou des grilles metalliques, principalement dans  
les positions assis ou couché pour lesquelles une grande  
partie du corps peut être en contact avec la masse.  
c. Maintenir le porte-électrode, la pince de masse, le câble  
de soudage et la machine à souder en bon et sûr état  
defonctionnement.  
9. Assurer une ventilation suffisante dans la zone de soudage.  
Ceci est particuliérement important pour le soudage de tôles  
galvanisées plombées, ou cadmiées ou tout autre métal qui  
produit des fumeés toxiques.  
10. Ne pas souder en présence de vapeurs de chlore provenant  
d’opérations de dégraissage, nettoyage ou pistolage. La  
chaleur ou les rayons de l’arc peuvent réagir avec les vapeurs  
du solvant pour produire du phosgéne (gas fortement toxique)  
ou autres produits irritants.  
d.Ne jamais plonger le porte-électrode dans l’eau pour le  
refroidir.  
e. Ne jamais toucher simultanément les parties sous tension  
des porte-électrodes connectés à deux machines à souder  
parce que la tension entre les deux pinces peut être le  
total de la tension à vide des deux machines.  
f. Si on utilise la machine à souder comme une source de  
courant pour soudage semi-automatique, ces precautions  
pour le porte-électrode s’applicuent aussi au pistolet de  
soudage.  
11. Pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements sur la sûreté,  
voir le code “Code for safety in welding and cutting” CSA  
Standard W 117.2-1974.  
2. Dans le cas de travail au dessus du niveau du sol, se protéger  
contre les chutes dans le cas ou on recoit un choc. Ne jamais  
enrouler le câble-électrode autour de n’importe quelle partie  
du corps.  
PRÉCAUTIONS DE SÛRETÉ POUR  
LES MACHINES À SOUDER À  
TRANSFORMATEUR ET À  
REDRESSEUR  
3. Un coup d’arc peut être plus sévère qu’un coup de soliel,  
donc:  
a. Utiliser un bon masque avec un verre filtrant approprié  
ainsi qu’un verre blanc afin de se protéger les yeux du ray-  
onnement de l’arc et des projections quand on soude ou  
quand on regarde l’arc.  
b. Porter des vêtements convenables afin de protéger la  
peau de soudeur et des aides contre le rayonnement de  
l‘arc.  
1. Relier à la terre le chassis du poste conformement au code de  
l’électricité et aux recommendations du fabricant. Le dispositif  
de montage ou la piece à souder doit être branché à une  
bonne mise à la terre.  
2. Autant que possible, I’installation et l’entretien du poste seront  
effectués par un électricien qualifié.  
c. Protéger l’autre personnel travaillant à proximité au  
soudage à l’aide d’écrans appropriés et non-inflammables.  
3. Avant de faires des travaux à l’interieur de poste, la debranch-  
er à l’interrupteur à la boite de fusibles.  
4. Des gouttes de laitier en fusion sont émises de l’arc de  
soudage. Se protéger avec des vêtements de protection libres  
de l’huile, tels que les gants en cuir, chemise épaisse, pan-  
talons sans revers, et chaussures montantes.  
4. Garder tous les couvercles et dispositifs de sûreté à leur  
place.  
5. Toujours porter des lunettes de sécurité dans la zone de  
soudage. Utiliser des lunettes avec écrans lateraux dans les  
Mar. ‘93  
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for selecting a QUALITY product by Lincoln Electric. We want you  
to take pride in operating this Lincoln Electric Company product  
••• as much pride as we have in bringing this product to you!  
Thank You  
Please Examine Carton and Equipment For Damage Immediately  
When this equipment is shipped, title passes to the purchaser upon receipt by the carrier. Consequently, Claims  
for material damaged in shipment must be made by the purchaser against the transportation company at the  
time the shipment is received.  
Please record your equipment identification information below for future reference. This information can be  
found on your machine nameplate.  
Model Name & Number _____________________________________  
Code & Serial Number _____________________________________  
Date of Purchase _____________________________________  
Whenever you request replacement parts for or information on this equipment always supply the information  
you have recorded above.  
Read this Operators Manual completely before attempting to use this equipment. Save this manual and keep it  
handy for quick reference. Pay particular attention to the safety instructions we have provided for your protection.  
The level of seriousness to be applied to each is explained below:  
WARNING  
This statement appears where the information must be followed exactly to avoid serious personal injury or  
loss of life.  
CAUTION  
This statement appears where the information must be followed to avoid minor personal injury or damage to  
this equipment.  
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vi  
TABLE OF CONTENTS  
Page  
Installation .......................................................................................................Section A  
Technical Specifications - Power Wave 455..........................................................A-1  
Safety Precautions.................................................................................................A-2  
Select Suitable Location ........................................................................................A-2  
Stacking ..........................................................................................................A-2  
Environmental Protection................................................................................A-2  
Lifting...............................................................................................................A-2  
Machine Grounding ...............................................................................................A-2  
High Frequency Protection ....................................................................................A-2  
Input Connection....................................................................................................A-2  
Input Fuse and Supply Wire Considerations .........................................................A-3  
Input Voltage Reconnect Procedure......................................................................A-3  
Output Connections...............................................................................................A-3  
Voltage Sensing at the Work Piece.......................................................................A-4  
Power Wave / Power Feed Wire Feeder Interconnections....................................A-4  
Electrode and Work Leads - Electrode Positive Applications .........................A-4  
Electrode and Work Leads - Electrode Negative Applications........................A-4  
Control Cable Connections .............................................................................A-4  
Power Feed Control Box Mounting .................................................................A-4  
Operation .........................................................................................................Section B  
Safety Instructions .................................................................................................B-1  
Graphic Symbols that appear on this machine or in this manual...........................B-2  
General Description...............................................................................................B-3  
Recommended Processes and Equipment ...........................................................B-3  
Design Features and Advantages .........................................................................B-3  
Additional Features................................................................................................B-3  
Welding Capability.................................................................................................B-4  
Limitations..............................................................................................................B-4  
Compatible Lincoln Equipment..............................................................................B-4  
Power Source Operation .......................................................................................B-4  
Duty Cycle and Time Period ...........................................................................B-4  
Case Front Controls........................................................................................B-4  
Welding Adjustments ......................................................................................B-5  
Detailed Weld Mode Descriptions...................................................................B-5  
Accessories.....................................................................................................Section C  
Options / Accessories............................................................................................C-1  
Factory Installed..............................................................................................C-1  
Field Installed..................................................................................................C-1  
Maintenance ....................................................................................................Section D  
Safety Precautions ................................................................................................D-1  
Routine Maintenance.............................................................................................D-1  
Troubleshooting..............................................................................................Section E  
Troubleshooting the Power Wave / Power Feed System using the Status LED ...E-1  
Safety Precautions.................................................................................................E-2  
How to Use Troubleshooting Guide.......................................................................E-2  
Troubleshooting Guide ..........................................................................................E-3  
Wiring Diagram and Dimension Print............................................................Section F  
Parts Lists ....................................................................................................P291 Series  
Nov97  
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A-1  
A-1  
INSTALLATION  
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - POWER WAVE 455  
INPUT AT RATED OUTPUT - THREE PHASE ONLY  
INPUT VOLTS  
OUTPUT  
INPUT  
CURRENT  
OUTPUT  
INPUT  
CONDITIONS  
CONDITIONS  
CURRENT  
208V - 60HZ.  
230V - 60HZ.  
400V - 60HZ.  
460V - 60HZ.  
575V - 60HZ.  
200V - 50HZ.  
220V - 50HZ.  
400V - 50HZ.  
440V - 50HZ.  
550V - 50HZ.  
450A@38V. 100%  
450A@38V. 100%  
450A@38V. 100%  
450A@38V. 100%  
450A@38V. 100%  
400A@36V. 100%  
400A@36V. 100%  
400A@36V. 100%  
400A@36V. 100%  
400A@36V. 100%  
70  
65  
39  
35  
29  
72  
67  
40  
36  
29  
570A@43V. 60%  
570A@43V. 60%  
570A@43V. 60%  
570A@43V. 60%  
570A@43V. 60%  
500A@40V. 60%  
500A@40V. 60%  
500A@40V. 60%  
500A@40V. 60%  
500A@40V. 60%  
87  
82  
50  
48  
38  
79  
74  
45  
41  
33  
OUTPUT  
PULSE  
VOLTAGE  
RANGE  
OPEN  
CIRCUIT  
VOLTAGE  
CURRENT  
RANGE  
PULSE  
FREQUENCY  
PULSE AND  
BACKGROUND  
TIME RANGE  
AUXILIARY  
POWER  
75 VDC  
5 - 570  
0.15 - 1000 Hz  
5 - 55 VDC  
100 MICRO SEC. -  
3.3 SEC.  
40 VDC AT  
10 AMPS  
115 VAC AT  
10 AMPS  
PROCESS CURRENT RANGES (DC)  
CURRENT  
MIG/MAG  
FCAW  
SMAW  
Pulse  
50-570 Amps  
40-570 Amps  
30-570 Amps  
5-750 Amps  
RECOMMENDED INPUT WIRE AND FUSE SIZES  
TYPE 75°C  
TYPE 75°C  
TYPE 75°C  
INPUT  
VOLTAGE /  
FREQUENCY  
OUTPUT AMPS/ INPUT AMPERE  
COPPER WIRE GROUND WIRE (SUPER LAG)  
DUTY  
RATING ON  
IN CONDUIT  
IN CONDUIT  
OR BREAKER  
CYCLE  
NAMEPLATE  
AWG[IEC] SIZES AWG[IEC] SIZES SIZE (AMPS)  
(MM2)  
4 (25)  
4 (25)  
8 (10)  
8 (10)  
8 (10)  
4 (25)  
4 (25)  
8 (10)  
8 (10)  
8 (10)  
(MM2)  
8 (10)  
8 (10)  
10 (6)  
10 (6)  
10 (6)  
8 (10)  
8 (10)  
10 (6)  
10 (6)  
10 (6)  
208/60  
230/60  
400/60  
460/60  
575/60  
200/50  
220/50  
400/50  
440/50  
550/50  
450/100%  
450/100%  
450/100%  
450/100%  
450/100%  
400/100%  
400/100%  
400/100%  
400/100%  
400/100%  
70  
65  
39  
35  
29  
72  
67  
35  
31  
29  
80 AMP  
70 AMP  
50 AMP  
40 AMP  
40 AMP  
80 AMP  
80 AMP  
50 AMP  
40 AMP  
40 AMP  
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS  
HEIGHT  
26.10 in  
663 mm  
WIDTH  
DEPTH  
32.88 in  
835 mm  
WEIGHT  
250 lbs.  
114 kg.  
19.86 in  
505 mm  
TEMPERATURE RANGES  
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE  
STORAGE TEMPERATURE RANGE  
0°C to 40°C  
-50°C to 85°C  
POWER WAVE 455  
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A-2  
A-2  
INSTALLATION  
Read this entire installation section before you  
start installation.  
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION  
The Power Wave power source is rated IP21S and  
should not be subjected to falling water, nor should  
any parts of it be submerged in water. Doing so may  
cause improper operation as well as pose a safety  
hazard. The best practice is to keep the machine in a  
dry, sheltered area.  
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS  
WARNING  
ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.  
• Only qualified personnel should  
perform this installation.  
LIFTING  
• Turn the input power OFF at the  
disconnect switch or fuse box  
before working on this equipment.  
Lift the machine by the lift bail only. The lift bail is  
designed to lift the power source only. Do not attempt  
to lift the Power Wave with accessories attached to it.  
• Do not touch electrically hot parts.  
• Always connect the Power Wave grounding lug  
(located inside the reconnect input access door) to  
a proper safety (Earth) ground.  
MACHINE GROUNDING  
-------------------------------------------------------------  
The frame of the welder must be grounded. A ground  
terminal marked with the symbol  
is located inside  
SELECT SUITABLE LOCATION  
the reconnect/input access door for this purpose. See  
your local and national electrical codes for proper  
grounding methods.  
Place the welder where clean cooling air can freely  
circulate in through the rear louvers and out through  
the case sides and bottom. Dirt, dust, or any foreign  
material that can be drawn into the welder should be  
kept at a minimum. Using filters on the air intake to  
prevent dirt from building up restricts air flow. Do  
not use such filters. Failure to observe these precau-  
tions can result in excessive operating temperatures  
and nuisance shutdowns.  
HIGH FREQUENCY PROTECTION  
If possible, locate the Power Wave away from radio  
controlled machinery. The normal operation of the  
Power Wave may adversely affect the operation of RF  
controlled equipment, which may result in bodily injury  
or damage to the equipment.  
This machine (above code 10500 only) is equipped  
with F.A.N. (fan as needed) circuitry. The fan runs  
whenever the output is enabled, whether under  
loaded or open circuit conditions. The fan also runs for  
a period of time (approximately 5 minutes) after the  
output is disabled, to ensure all components are prop-  
erly cooled.  
INPUT CONNECTION  
WARNING  
If desired, the F.A.N. feature can be disabled (causing  
the fan to run whenever the power source is on). To  
disable F.A.N., connect leads 444 and X3A together  
at the output of the solid state fan control relay, locat-  
ed on the back of the Control PC board enclosure.  
Only a qualified electrician should connect the input  
leads to the Power Wave. Connections should be  
made in accordance with all local and national electri-  
cal codes and the connection diagram located on the  
inside of the reconnect/input access door of the  
machine. Failure to do so may result in bodily injury  
or death.  
STACKING  
Power Wave machines can be stacked to a maximum  
of 3 high. The bottom machine must always be  
placed on a firm, secure, level surface. There is a  
danger of machines toppling over if this precaution is  
not taken.  
-------------------------------------------------------------  
Use a three-phase supply line. A 1.75 inch (45 mm)  
diameter access hole for the input supply is located on  
the upper left case back next to the input access door.  
Connect L1, L2, L3 and ground according to the Input  
Supply Connection Diagram decal located on the  
inside of the input access door or refer to Figure A.1  
following.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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A-3  
A-3  
INSTALLATION  
FIGURE A.1 - CONNECTION DIAGRAM ON RECONNECT/INPUT ACCESS DOOR  
INPUT SUPPLY CONNECTION DIAGRAM  
W / L3  
INPUT SUPPLY CONNECTION DIAGRAM  
VOLTAGE=200-208V  
V / L2  
U / L1  
CR1  
W / L3  
V / L2  
U / L1  
.
.
.
Disconnect input power before  
inspecting or servicing machine.  
200-208V  
220-230V  
380-415V  
440-460V  
CR1  
Do not operate with covers  
removed.  
.
.
.
Disconnect input power before  
inspecting or servicing machine.  
’A’  
Do not touch electrically live parts.  
Do not operate with covers  
removed.  
.
Only qualified persons should install,  
use or service this equipment.  
Do not touch electrically live parts.  
.
Only qualified persons should install,  
use or service this equipment.  
VOLTAGE=440-460V  
VOLTAGE=550-575V  
VOLTAGE=220-230V  
VOLTAGE=380-415V  
VOLTAGE=440-460V  
200-208V  
220-230V  
380-415V  
440-460V  
200-208V  
220-230V  
380-415V  
440-460V  
200-208V  
220-230V  
380-415V  
440-460V  
’A’  
’A’  
’A’  
’A’  
’A’  
440-460V  
550-575V  
440-460V  
550-575V  
NOTE: Turn main input power to the machine OFF before performing reconnect procedure. Failure to do  
so will result in damage to the machine. DO NOT switch the reconnect bar with machine power ON.  
instructions located on the inside of the input access  
INPUT FUSE AND SUPPLY WIRE  
door or in Figure A.1. If the main reconnect switch is  
CONSIDERATIONS  
placed in the wrong position, the welder will not pro-  
duce output power. If the Auxiliary (“A”) lead is placed  
Refer to the Technical Specifications at the beginning  
of this Installation section for recommended fuse and  
wire sizes. Fuse the input circuit with the recommend-  
ed super lag fuse or delay type breakers (also called  
in the wrong position, there are two possible results.  
If the lead is placed in a position higher than the  
applied line voltage, the welder may not come on at  
all. If the Auxiliary (“A”) lead is placed in a position  
“inverse time” or “thermal/magnetic” circuit breakers).  
lower than the applied line voltage, the welder will not  
Choose an input and grounding wire size according to  
come on, and the two circuit breakers in the reconnect  
local or national electrical codes. Using fuses or cir-  
area will open. If this occurs, turn off the input volt-  
cuit breakers smaller than recommended may result in  
age, properly connect the “A” lead, reset the breakers,  
“nuisance” shut-offs from welder inrush currents, even  
and try again.  
if the machine is not being used at high currents.  
OUTPUT CONNECTIONS  
INPUT VOLTAGE RECONNECT  
PROCEDURE  
Use the largest welding (electrode and ground) cables  
possible — at least 2/0, 4/0 preferred, copper wire —  
even if the average output current would not normally  
require it. When pulsing, the pulse current can  
exceeds 650 amps. Voltage drops can become  
excessive, leading to poor welding characteristics, if  
undersized welding cables are used.  
WARNING  
Only a qualified electrician should connect the input  
leads to the Power Wave. Connections should be  
made in accordance with all local and national electri-  
cal codes and the connection diagram located on the  
inside of the reconnect/input access door of the  
machine. Failure to do so may result in bodily injury or  
To avoid interference problems with other equipment  
and to achieve the best possible operation, route all  
cables directly to the work or wire feeder. Avoid  
excessive lengths, bundle the electrode and ground  
cables together where practical, and do not coil  
excess cable.  
death.  
------------------------------------------------------------------------  
Welders are shipped connected for the highest input  
voltage listed on the rating plate. To move this con-  
nection to a different input voltage, refer to reconnect  
POWER WAVE 455  
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A-4  
A-4  
INSTALLATION  
VOLTAGE SENSING AT THE  
WORKPIECE  
POWER WAVE / POWER FEED WIRE  
FEEDER INTERCONNECTIONS  
A four-pin work piece voltage sense lead connector is  
located beneath the output stud cover. The use of a  
work piece sense lead is optional for most welding  
modes, but may be used if desired.  
ELECTRODE & WORK LEADS —  
ELECTRODE POSITIVE APPLICATIONS  
Most welding applications run with the electrode being  
positive (+). For those applications, connect the elec-  
trode cable between the wire feeder and the positive  
(+) output stud on the power source (located beneath  
the spring loaded output cover near the bottom of the  
case front).  
Sense Lead Kits (K490-10, -25 or -50) are available  
for this purpose.  
To enable the work piece voltage sensing lead, a  
jumper must be removed from the Control PC Board  
as follows:  
A work lead must be run from the negative (-) power  
source output stud to the work piece. The work piece  
connection must be firm and secure, especially if  
pulse welding is planned. Excessive voltage drops at  
the work piece connection often result in unsatisfacto-  
ry pulse welding performance.  
1) Turn the Power Wave 455 power OFF.  
2) Remove the front nameplate from the Power Wave  
455 by removing the six screws from the name-  
plate. Save the screws for re-use.  
3) Locate P26, located on the upper right edge of the  
Control PC Board. It is a 16 pin connector with  
only two wires going into it. Unplug P26. It should  
remain attached to the main harness.  
ELECTRODE & WORK LEADS —  
ELECTRODE NEGATIVE APPLICATIONS  
When negative electrode polarity is required, such as  
in some Innershield™ applications, install as above,  
except reverse the output connections at the power  
source (electrode cable to the negative (-) stud, and  
work cable to the positive (+) stud).  
4) Install the front nameplate on the Power Wave 455  
by replacing the six screws saved in Step 2.  
5) Plug a Sense Lead into the Sense Lead  
Receptacle. Note: Only the lead marked ‘WORK’  
is used. The lead marked ‘ELECT’ can be cut off  
and discarded.  
CONTROL CABLE CONNECTIONS  
6) Connect the WORK sense lead clamp to the piece  
being welded.  
Connect the control cable between the wire feeder  
and power source. The power source wire feeder  
connection is located under the spring loaded output  
cover, near the bottom of the case front. The control  
cable is keyed and polarized, so it can be installed in  
only one way.  
The Power Wave 455 will now use the external work  
piece Sense Lead to sense arc voltage in all welding  
modes. If the Sense Lead is enabled but not connect-  
ed to the work piece, extremely high welding output  
currents may result.  
For neatness and convenience sake, both the elec-  
trode and control cables can be routed behind the left  
or right strain reliefs (under the spring loaded output  
cover), and along the channels formed into the base  
of the Power Wave, out the back of the channels, and  
then to the wire feeder.  
To restore normal work piece sensing (at the output  
terminals) reconnect P26 to the Control PC board.  
The Sense Lead can then be disconnected.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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A-5  
A-5  
INSTALLATION  
POWER FEED CONTROL BOX  
MOUNTING  
In some installations, it may be desirable to mount the  
Wire Feeder control box directly to the front of the  
Power Wave power source. (The control box is the  
box containing the knobs, switches and displays nec-  
essary to control the Power Wave / Power Feed weld-  
ing system.) Complete details for separating the con-  
trol box from the wire drive are contained in the Power  
Feed Instruction Manual. Once separated, mounting  
instructions are as follows:  
1. Disconnect the input power from the Power Wave.  
2. Separate the control box from the wire drive on the  
Power Feed wire feeder, and remove the control  
panels (see the Power Feed Instruction Manual for  
details).  
3. Remove the front nameplate from the Power Wave  
by removing six screws from the metal nameplate.  
Save the screws for re-use.  
4. Connect the 6-pin connector that comes out the  
back of the control box to the 6-pin receptacle that  
is tie-wrapped to the harnessing inside the rectan-  
gular opening in the power source. It will be nec-  
essary to remove one or two of the wire ties in  
order to give enough slack to the power source  
connector and leads.  
5. Position the control box over the rectangular hole  
in the Power Wave case front, being careful not to  
pinch any leads between the control box and the  
case front. Align the four holes in the back of the  
control box with the four threaded mounting holes  
in the case front. Secure the control box in place  
with four of the screws saved from the previous  
step.  
6. Reassemble the control box.  
The Power Feed Wire Drive can now be connected to  
the power source wire feeder connector. This con-  
nector is located under the spring loaded output  
cover, near the bottom of the case front. The control  
cable is keyed and polarized, so it can be installed in  
only one way. (To ensure proper electrode voltage  
sensing, always connect the Wire Drive to the Power  
Source wire feeder connector. Do not connect it to  
the optional Output Receptacle which may be present  
on the Power Feed Control Box.)  
POWER WAVE 455  
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B-1  
B-1  
OPERATION  
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS  
Read and understand this entire section of operating  
instructions before operating the machine.  
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS  
WARNING  
ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.  
• Do not touch electrically live parts or  
electrodes with your skin or wet cloth-  
ing.  
• Insulate yourself from the work and ground.  
• Always wear dry insulating gloves.  
FUMES AND GASES can be  
dangerous.  
• Keep your head out of fumes.  
• Use ventilation or exhaust to remove  
fumes from breathing zone.  
WELDING SPARKS can cause  
fire or explosion.  
• Keep flammable material away.  
• Do not weld on containers that have held com-  
bustibles.  
ARC RAYS can burn.  
• Wear eye, ear, and body protection.  
Observe additional Safety Guidelines  
detailed in the beginning of this manual.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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B-2  
B-2  
OPERATION  
GRAPHIC SYMBOLS THAT APPEAR ON  
THIS MACHINE OR IN THIS MANUAL  
SMAW  
INPUT POWER  
ON  
GMAW  
FCAW  
GTAW  
OFF  
HIGH TEMPERATURE  
MACHINE STATUS  
CIRCUIT BREAKER  
WIRE FEEDER  
POSITIVE OUTPUT  
NEGATIVE OUTPUT  
3 PHASE INVERTER  
INPUT POWER  
THREE PHASE  
DIRECT CURRENT  
OPEN CIRCUIT  
VOLTAGE  
U
U
U
I
0
1
2
INPUT VOLTAGE  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE  
INPUT CURRENT  
OUTPUT CURRENT  
1
I
2
PROTECTIVE  
GROUND  
WARNING  
POWER WAVE 455  
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B-3  
B-3  
OPERATION  
Parameter  
Examples  
GENERAL DESCRIPTION  
Welding  
Mode  
Stick Crisp, Stick Soft, Flux Cored with Gas,  
Flux Cored without Gas, CV, Synergic CV,  
.035 Stainless Pulse, .045 Steel Pulse, 5356  
Aluminum Pulse  
The Power Wave 455 is a high performance, digitally  
controlled inverter welding power source capable of  
complex, high-speed waveform control. Properly  
equipped, it can support the GMAW, GMAW-P,  
FCAW, SMAW, GTAW and CAC-A processes.  
Output  
Current (CC modes), Voltage (CV modes),  
Wire Feed Speed (synergic modes)  
Trim  
.500 to 1.500 (only in Pulse modes)  
-10.0 to +10.0  
RECOMMENDED PROCESSES AND  
EQUIPMENT  
Arc Control  
ADDITIONAL DESIGN FEATURES AND  
ADVANTAGES  
RECOMMENDED PROCESSES  
The Power Wave can be set up in a number of config-  
urations, some requiring optional equipment. Each  
machine is factory preprogrammed with multiple weld-  
ing procedures, typically including GMAW, GMAW-P,  
FCAW, SMAW, GTAW and CAC-A, for a variety of  
materials, including mild steel, stainless steel, cored  
wires, and aluminum.  
• Designed to NEMA EW-1, IEC 974-1 and CSA  
Standards.  
• Qualifies for “S” mark on nameplate, which means it  
can be used in areas where there is increased risk  
of electric shock.  
RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT  
• Multiple process output ranges: 5 - 570 amps.  
• Easy access for input connections. Connections  
are simple strip and clamp (no lugs required).  
The Power Wave 455 must be used with the Power  
Feed family of wire feeders. These feeders are  
required to access and make use of the many of the  
welding features contained in the Power Wave 455.  
• F.A.N. (fan as needed). (On codes above 10500  
only) Cooling fan runs only when necessary.  
DESIGN FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES  
• Modular construction for easy servicing.  
• Thermostatically protected.  
A unique feature of the Power Wave is the ability to  
function without any controls, when used with Power  
Feed wire feeders. All power source control informa-  
tion comes to the Power Wave from a Power Feed  
wire feeder.  
• Electronic over current protection.  
• Input over voltage protection.  
The following chart lists the power source parameters  
that can be changed from the Power Feed wire feed-  
er, and gives examples of each. (Optional equipment  
may be required to access some of the following para-  
meters.)  
• Utilizes digital signal processing and microprocessor  
control.  
• Simple, reliable input voltage change over.  
• All system components communicate and transfer  
information.  
• Auto device recognition simplifies accessory cable  
connections.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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B-4  
B-4  
OPERATION  
CASE FRONT CONTROLS  
WELDING CAPABILITY  
All operator controls and adjustments are located on  
the case front of the Power Wave.  
The POWER WAVE 455 is rated at 60 Hz. 450A@  
38V. 100% duty cycle or 570A@ 43V 60% duty cycle -  
50 Hz. 400A@ 36V, 100% duty cycle or 500A@40V  
60% duty cycle. The machine is capable of higher out-  
puts at lower duty cycles.  
1. POWER SWITCH: Controls input power to the  
Power Wave.  
2. STATUS LIGHT: A two color light that indicates  
system errors. Normal operation is a steady green  
light. Error conditions are indicated as follows:  
If the duty cycle is exceeded, a thermostat will shut off  
the output until the machine cools to a reasonable  
operating temperature.  
NOTE: The Power Wave 455 status light will flash  
green, and sometimes red and green, for up to one  
minute when the Power Wave 455 is first turned on.  
This is a normal situation as the machine goes  
through a self test at power up.  
LIMITATIONS  
• The Power Wave is not recommended for process-  
es other than those listed.  
Light  
Meaning  
Condition  
• The Power Wave can only be used with Power  
Feed wire feeders. Other models of Lincoln feed-  
ers, or any models of non-Lincoln wire feeders, can-  
not be used.  
Steady Green System OK. Power source communicating nor-  
mally with wire feeder and its components.  
Blinking  
Green  
Nothing connected to Wire Feeder  
Receptacle.  
Alternating Recoverable system fault.See  
Green and Troubleshooting Section.  
Red  
COMPATIBLE LINCOLN EQUIPMENT  
All Lincoln Power Feed™ Wire Feeders.  
Steady Red  
Non-recoverable system fault. Must turn  
power source off, find source of error, and  
turn power back on to reset. See  
Troubleshooting Section.  
POWER SOURCE OPERATION  
See Troubleshooting Section.  
Blinking Red  
DUTY CYCLE AND TIME PERIOD  
3. HIGH TEMPERATURE LIGHT (thermal overload):  
A yellow light that comes on when an over temper-  
ature situation occurs. Output is disabled until the  
machine cools down. When cool, the light goes  
out and output is enabled.  
The POWER WAVE 455 is rated at 60 Hz. 450A@  
38V. 100% duty cycle or 570A@ 43V 60% duty cycle -  
50 Hz. 400A@ 36V, 100% duty cycle or 500A@40V  
60% duty cycle. The duty cycle is based upon a ten  
minute period. A 60% duty cycle represents 6 minutes  
of welding and 4 minutes of idling in a ten minute peri-  
od.  
4. 10 AMP WIRE FEEDER CIRCUIT BREAKER:  
Protects 40 volt DC wire feeder power supply.  
5. 10 AMP AUXILIARY POWER CIRCUIT BREAK-  
ER: Protects 110 volt AC case front receptacle  
auxiliary supply.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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B-5  
B-5  
OPERATION  
10.0 to +10.0, with a nominal setting of 00.0. (The  
nominal setting of 00.0 may be displayed as OFF  
on some Power Feed wire feeder control panels.)  
See the Welding Mode descriptions, below, for  
detailed explanations of how the Arc Control affects  
each mode.  
WELDING ADJUSTMENTS  
All adjustments are made on the system component  
known as the control box, which contains the switch-  
es, knobs and digital displays necessary to control  
both the Power Wave and a Power Feed wire feeder.  
Typically, the control box is supplied as part of the  
wire feeder. It can be mounted directly on the wire  
feeder itself, or mounted separately, as might be done  
in a welding boom installation.  
DETAILED WELD MODE DESCRIPTIONS  
CONSTANT VOLTAGE (CV/WELD, CV/MIG,  
CV/FLUX CORED) PROCEDURES  
Because the control box can be configured with many  
different options, your system may not have all of the  
following adjustments. Regardless of availability, all  
controls are described below. For further information,  
consult the Power Feed wire feeder instruction manual.  
For each wire feed speed, a corresponding voltage is  
preprogrammed into the machine through special soft-  
wares at the factory. This preprogrammed voltage is  
the best average voltage for the procedure at the  
given wire feed speed. If the wire feed speed is  
changed on the wire feeder, the voltage automatically  
changes with it.  
1. WFS / AMPS:  
In synergic welding modes (synergic CV, pulse  
GMAW) WFS (wire feed speed) is the dominant  
control parameter, controlling all other variables.  
The user adjusts WFS according to factors such as  
weld size, penetration requirements, heat input, etc.  
The Power Wave then uses the WFS setting to  
adjust its output characteristics (output voltage, out-  
put current) according to pre-programmed settings  
contained in the Power Wave. In non-synergic  
modes, the WFS control changes the wire feed  
speed according to the desired procedure.  
In some cases, the operator may want to change the  
preprogrammed voltages; for example, to compensate  
for cable and fixture voltage drops. The preset volt-  
ages can be adjusted on the wire feeder’s Voltage  
display. When a change is made to the voltage at  
one wire feed speed, this change is applied to all  
other wire feed speed settings. For example, if the  
operator turns up the voltage by 10 percent, the  
machine automatically increases the preset voltages  
at all the other wire feed speeds by 10 percent. The  
preset voltage, programmed at the factory, may be  
changed with the wire feeder VOLTS adjustment.  
In constant current modes (stick, TIG) this control  
adjusts the output current, in amps.  
2. VOLTS / TRIM:  
In constant voltage modes (synergic CV, standard  
CV) the control adjusts the welding voltage.  
The Arc Control adjusts the inductance. (This adjust-  
ment is often referred to as “pinch”. Inductance is  
inversely proportional to pinch.) Increasing the Arc  
Control setting decreases the inductance, which  
results in the arc getting colder and pinched tighter.  
Decreasing the Arc Control setting increases the  
inductance, which results in the arc getting wider  
(reduced pinch).  
In pulse synergic welding modes (pulse GMAW  
only) the user can change the Trim setting to adjust  
the arc length. It is adjustable from 0.500 to 1.500.  
A Trim setting of 1.000 is a good starting point for  
most conditions.  
3. WELDING MODE:  
May be selected by name (CV/MIG, CC/Stick Crisp,  
Gouge, etc.) or by a mode number (10, 24, 71, etc.)  
depending on the control box options. Selecting a  
welding mode determines the output characteristics  
of the Power Wave power source. For a more  
complete description of the welding modes avail-  
able in the Power Wave, see the explanation  
below.  
GMAW PULSE PROCEDURES  
In these procedures, the actual voltage greatly  
depends on the waveform used. The peak currents,  
background currents, rise times, fall times, and pulse  
times all affect the actual voltage. The actual voltage  
for a given wire feed speed is not directly predictable  
unless the waveform is known. In this case, it is not  
practical to preset an actual voltage for the procedure.  
Instead, an arc length adjustment is provided. The  
machine “knows” what the best arc length is at the  
given wire feed speed but allows the operator to  
change it.  
4. ARC CONTROL:  
Also known as Inductance or Wave Control. Allows  
operator to vary the arc characteristics from “soft”  
to “harsh” in all weld modes. It is adjustable from -  
POWER WAVE 455  
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B-6  
B-6  
OPERATION  
The arc length trim (usually referred to simply as  
“trim”) can be adjusted between 0.500 and 1.500 on  
the control box’s Volts/Trim display. A Trim of 1.000  
means that no adjustments will be made to the preset  
arc lengths. A Trim greater than 1.000 increases the  
preset arc lengths. A Trim setting less than 1.000  
decreases the preset arc lengths. The arc length trim  
adjustment is factored in at all wire feed speed set-  
tings. Increasing the Trim by 10 percent at a given  
wire feed speed also increases all the other arc length  
trim settings of the procedure by 10 percent.  
ARC GOUGING PROCEDURES  
Arc gouging can be performed by choosing the arc  
gouging weld mode. Doing so automatically ener-  
gizes the output terminals on the Power Wave, mak-  
ing the power source immediately ready to weld. The  
output current is set by the Amps control on the  
Power Weld wire feeder. The Volts/Trim adjustment  
has no effect in this mode.  
The Arc Control adjusts the arc force. Increasing the  
Arc Control setting increases the arc force, making  
the arc more harsh but less likely to stick. Decreasing  
the Arc Control setting decreases the arc force, mak-  
ing the arc softer and smoother.  
The Power Wave utilizes a control scheme known as  
adaptive control in all pulse modes. Because the  
Power Wave utilizes adaptive control, it can adjust the  
pulsing parameters based on changes in the arc due  
to changes in the electrical stickout of the electrode.  
(Electrical stickout is the distance from the contact to  
to the workpiece.) The Power Wave is optimized  
for use with a .75” stickout. The adaptive behavior  
is programmed to support a stickout range from .5” to  
1.25”. In the low and high end of the wire feed speed  
ranges of most processes, the adaptive behavior may  
be restricted. This is a physical restriction due to  
reaching the edge of the operating range for the  
process.  
The Arc Control adjustment allows the pulse frequen-  
cy to be varied. Increasing the Arc Control causes the  
frequency setting to increase, while decreasing the  
Arc Control causes the frequency to decrease.  
Varying the Arc Control, and hence, the pulse fre-  
quency, affects the droplet transfer and allows fine-  
tuning for different welding positions.  
CONSTANT CURRENT (CC/STICK, CC/TIG)  
PROCEDURES  
Stick welding can be performed by choosing one of  
the stick welding modes. Check the Power Feed wire  
feeder Operator’s Manual for instructions on how to  
energize the output terminals on the Power Wave.  
(Certain options energize the terminals automatically  
while other options require a manual adjustment to  
energize the terminals.) The output current is set by  
the Amps control on the Power Feed wire feeder. The  
Volts/Trim adjustment has no effect in this mode.  
The Arc Control adjusts the arc force. Increasing the  
Arc Control setting increases the arc force, making  
the arc more harsh but less likely to stick. Decreasing  
the Arc Control setting decreases the arc force, mak-  
ing the arc softer and smoother.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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C-1  
C-1  
ACCESSORIES  
OPTIONS / ACCESSORIES  
FACTORY INSTALLED  
There are no factory installed options available for the  
Power Wave machines.  
FIELD INSTALLED  
The following options/accessories are available for  
your Power Wave from your local Lincoln Distributor.  
K1570-1 Dual Cylinder Undercarriage  
K940-10 Voltage Sense Lead Kit- 10 foot voltage  
sense lead kit.  
K940-25 Voltage Sense Lead Kit- 25 foot voltage  
sense lead kit, if additional length is required.  
K940-50 Voltage Sense Lead Kit- 50 foot voltage  
sense lead kit, if additional length is required.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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D-1  
D-1  
MAINTENANCE  
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS  
WARNING  
ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.  
• Only Qualified personnel should  
perform this maintenance.  
• Turn the input power OFF at the  
disconnect switch or fuse box  
before working on this equipment.  
Do not touch electrically hot parts.  
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE  
Routine maintenance consists of periodically  
blowing out the machine, using a low pressure  
airstream, to remove accumulated dust and dirt  
from the intake and outlet louvers, and the cooling  
channels in the machine.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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E-1  
E-1  
TROUBLESHOOTING  
color of the Status LED, and refer to the following  
chart to help you determine which system compo-  
nent (power source, wire feeder, wire drive, etc.)  
may be faulty. Replace the components identified  
as potentially faulty with known good compo-  
nents, and the system should operate normally.  
USING THE STATUS LED TO  
TROUBLESHOOT SYSTEM PROBLEMS  
The Status LED on the power source case front  
can help diagnose problems down to the system  
component (power source, wire feeder, wire drive,  
etc.) level. If, for any reason, the system does not  
appear to be working properly, always check the  
Status LED is solid green (no blinking).  
Status LED is blinking green.  
System operating normally.  
1. Normal condition for the first few seconds after the  
power is turned on.  
2. Wire feeder and/or its components are not prop-  
erly configured and/or connected together. Refer  
to wire feeder instruction manual(s) for wire feeder  
configuration information.  
Status LED is solid red (no blinking).  
1. Indicates that nothing is connected to the Wire  
Feeder Receptacle. Connect a Power Feed Wire  
Feeder to the wire feeder receptacle.  
2. Power source cannot communicate with the wire  
feeder and/or its components due to a problem  
within the power source. Contact an authorized  
Lincoln Electric Service facility.  
Status LED is blinking red and green.  
1. If the Thermal LED is also lit, see “Yellow Thermal  
LED Lit” in the Main Troubleshooting Chart.  
2. Input voltage is too high or too low. Make certain  
that input voltage is proper, according to the  
Rating Plate located on the rear of the machine.  
3. Power source is having trouble communicating  
with wire feeder or its components. Turn machine  
off. Disconnect control cable from the Wire  
Feeder Receptacle. Turn power back on. If  
Status LED then blinks green, the problem is with  
the wire feeder. If light is still blinking red and  
green, contact an authorized Lincoln Field Service  
facility.  
Status LED is blinking red.  
1. Error code display. Contact an authroized Lincoln  
Field Service Shop.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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E-2  
E-2  
TROUBLESHOOTING  
HOW TO USE TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE  
WARNING  
This Troubleshooting Guide is designed to be used by the machine Owner/Operator. Unauthorized  
repairs per-formed on this equipment may result in danger to the technician and machine operator and  
will invalidate your factory warranty. For your safety, please observe all safety notes and precautions  
detailed in the Safety Section of this manual to avoid electrical shock or danger while troubleshooting  
this equipment.  
This Troubleshooting Guide is provided to help  
you locate and correct possible machine misad-  
justments. Simply follow the three-step procedure  
listed below.  
Step 3. CONSULT LOCAL AUTHORIZED  
FIELD SERVICE FACILITY  
If you have exhausted all of the recommended  
tests in step 2, consult your local Authorized  
Field Service Facility.  
Step 1. LOCATE PROBLEM (SYMPTOM)  
Look under the column labeled “PROBLEM  
(SYMPTOMS).” This column describes possible  
symptoms that your machine may exhibit. Find  
the listing that best describes the symptom that  
your machine is exhibiting.  
Step 2. PERFORM EXTERNAL RECOMMEND-  
ED TESTS  
The second column labeled “POSSIBLE AREAS  
OF MISADJUSTMENT(S)” lists the obvious  
external possibilities that may contribute to the  
machine symptom. Perform these tests/checks in  
the order listed. In general, these tests can be  
conducted without removing the case wrap-  
around cover.  
CAUTION  
If for any reason you do not understand the test procedures or are unable to perform the tests/repairs  
safely, contact your local authorized Lincoln Electric Field Service Facility for technical assistance.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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E-3  
E-3  
TROUBLESHOOTING  
Observe all Safety Guidelines detailed throughout this manual  
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE  
Observe Safety Guidelines  
detailed in the beginning of this manual.  
PROBLEMS  
(SYMPTOMS)  
POSSIBLE AREAS OF  
MISADJUSTMENT(S)  
RECOMMENDED  
COURSE OF ACTION  
OUTPUT PROBLEMS  
Major physical or electrical damage Contact your local authorized  
is evident when the sheet metal  
covers are removed.  
Lincoln Electric Field Service facili-  
ty for technical assistance.  
Input fuses keep blowing, or input  
breaker keeps tripping.  
1. Make certain that fuses or  
breakers are properly sized.  
See Installation section of this  
manual for recommended  
fuse and breaker sizes.  
2. Welding procedure is drawing  
too much output current, or  
duty cycle is too high.  
Reduce output current, duty  
cycle, or both.  
3. There is internal damage to  
the power source. Contact an  
authorized Lincoln Electric  
Service facility.  
If all recommended possible areas  
of misadjustments have been  
checked and the problem persists,  
contact your local Lincoln  
Authorized Field Service Facility.  
Machine will not power up (no  
lights, no fan, etc.)  
1. Make certain that the Power  
Switch (SW1) is in the “ON”  
position.  
2. Circuit breaker CB4 (in recon-  
nect area) may have opened.  
Reset. Also, check input volt-  
age selection, below.  
3. Input voltage selection made  
improperly. Power down,  
check input voltage reconnect  
according to diagram on  
reconnect cover.  
CAUTION  
If for any reason you do not understand the test procedures or are unable to perform the tests/repairs safely, con-  
tact your local authorized Lincoln Electric Field Service Facility for technical assistance.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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E-4  
E-4  
TROUBLESHOOTING  
Observe all Safety Guidelines detailed throughout this manual  
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE  
Observe Safety Guidelines  
detailed in the beginning of this manual.  
PROBLEMS  
(SYMPTOMS)  
POSSIBLE AREAS OF  
MISADJUSTMENT(S)  
RECOMMENDED  
COURSE OF ACTION  
OUTPUT PROBLEMS  
Wire feeder won’t work. No lights, 1. Circuit breaker CB1 (on case  
apparently no power to wire feeder.  
front) may have opened.  
Reset.  
2. Control cable between the  
power source and wire feeder  
is “open”. Check continuity on  
all 5 leads from end to end in  
the control cable.  
3. Check for 40 volts DC on pins  
D (+40) and E (common) of  
the Wire Feeder Receptacle.  
If 40 volts DC is not present,  
and CB1 is reset, contact an  
authorized Lincoln Electric  
Service facility.  
Thermal LED is lit.  
1.  
2.  
1.  
Fan thermostat has opened. Check  
for proper fan operation. (Fan should  
run whenever main power is on.)  
Check for material blocking intake or  
exhaust louvers, or for excessive dirt  
clogging cooing channels in machine.  
Secondary rectifier thermostat has  
opened. After machine has cooled,  
reduce load, duty cycle, or both.  
Check for material blocking intake or  
exhaust louvers.  
If all recommended possible areas  
of misadjustments have been  
checked and the problem persists,  
contact your local Lincoln  
Authorized Field Service Facility.  
Machine won’t weld, can’t get any  
output. (CR1 will not pull in.)  
Input voltage is too low or too high.  
Make certain that input voltage is  
proper, according to the Rating Plate  
located on the rear of the machine.  
If the Thermal LED is also lit, see  
“Yellow Thermal LED is Lit” section.  
Primary current limit has been  
exceeded. Possible short in output  
circuit. Turn machine off. Remove all  
loads from the output of the machine.  
Turn back on. If condition persists,  
turn power off, and contact an autho-  
rized Lincoln Electric Field Service  
facility.  
2.  
3.  
CAUTION  
If for any reason you do not understand the test procedures or are unable to perform the tests/repairs safely, con-  
tact your local authorized Lincoln Electric Field Service Facility for technical assistance.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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E-5  
E-5  
TROUBLESHOOTING  
Observe all Safety Guidelines detailed throughout this manual  
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE  
Observe Safety Guidelines  
detailed in the beginning of this manual.  
PROBLEMS  
(SYMPTOMS)  
POSSIBLE AREAS OF  
MISADJUSTMENT(S)  
RECOMMENDED  
COURSE OF ACTION  
OUTPUT PROBLEMS  
Machine often “noodle welds” (out- Secondary current limit has been  
put is limited to approximately 100  
amps) when running a particular  
procedure  
exceeded, and the machine has  
phased back to protect itself.  
Adjust procedure or reduce load to  
lower current draw from the  
machine.  
Machine won’t produce full output. 1. Input voltage may be too low,  
limiting output capability of the  
power source. Make certain  
that the input voltage is prop-  
er, according to the Rating  
Plate located on the rear of  
the machine.  
2. Input may be “single phased”.  
Make certain the input voltage  
is proper on all three input  
lines.  
For no apparent reason, the weld- 1. Check for proper Wire Feed  
If all recommended possible areas  
of misadjustments have been  
checked and the problem persists,  
contact your local Lincoln  
ing characteristics have changed.  
Speed setting. In CV MIG  
and FCAW modes, check for  
proper Voltage setting. In the  
MIG/MAG pulse modes,  
check the Trim setting. These  
controls are on the wire feed-  
er.  
Authorized Field Service Facility.  
2. Check for proper shielding  
gas mix and flow.  
3. Check for loose or faulty weld  
cables and cable connections.  
Auxiliary receptacle is “dead” — no 1. Circuit breaker CB2 (on case  
auxiliary voltage .  
front) may have opened.  
Reset.  
2. Circuit breaker CB4 (in recon-  
nect area) may have opened.  
Reset.  
CAUTION  
If for any reason you do not understand the test procedures or are unable to perform the tests/repairs safely, con-  
tact your local authorized Lincoln Electric Field Service Facility for technical assistance.  
POWER WAVE 455  
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F-1  
F-1  
DIAGRAMS  
REAR OF MACHINE  
4 0 6  
4 0 5  
4 0 4  
4 0 3  
6
5
4
3
5 0 6  
2 3 9  
2 3 5  
5 0 3  
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
2 3 3  
1
2 3 4  
+
F R O N T O F M A C H I N E  
POWER WAVE 455  
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F-2  
F-2  
DIAGRAMS  
REAR OF MACHINE  
F R O N T O F M A C H I N E  
POWER WAVE 455  
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F-3  
F-3  
DIAGRAMS  
POWER WAVE 455  
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Now Available...12th Edition  
New Lessons in Arc Welding  
The Procedure Handbook of Arc Welding  
Lessons, simply written, cover manipulatory techniques;  
machine and electrode characteristics; related subjects,  
such as distortion; and supplemental information on arc  
welding applications, speeds and costs. Practice materials,  
exercises, questions and answers are suggested for each  
lesson.  
With over 500,000 copies of previous editions published  
since 1933, the Procedure Handbook is considered by many to  
be the “Bible” of the arc welding industry.  
This printing will go fast so don’t delay. Place your  
order now using the coupon below.  
528 pages, well illustrated, 6” x 9” size, bound in simulated,  
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The hardbound book contains over 750 pages of welding  
information, techniques and procedures. Much of this material  
has never been included in any other book.  
$5.00 postage paid U.S.A. Mainland  
A must for all welders, supervisors, engineers and  
designers. Many welding instructors will want to use the book  
as a reference for all students by taking advantage of the low  
quantity discount prices which include shipping by  
4th class parcel post.  
$15.00 postage paid U.S.A. Mainland  
Need Welding Training?  
The Lincoln Electric Company operates the oldest and  
most respected Arc Welding School in the United States at its  
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“hands on”  
How To Read Shop Drawings  
The book contains the latest information and application  
data on the American Welding Society Standard Welding  
Symbols. Detailed discussion tells how engineers and  
draftsmen use the “short-cut” language of symbols to pass  
on assembly and welding information to shop personnel.  
For details write:  
Lincoln Welding School  
22801 St. Clair Ave.  
Cleveland, Ohio 44117-1199.  
Practical exercises and examples develop the reader’s ability  
to visualize mechanically drawn objects as they will appear  
in their assembled form.  
and ask for bulletin ED-80 or call 216-383-2259 and ask for the  
Welding School Registrar.  
187 pages with more than 100 illustrations. Size 8-1/2” x 11”  
Durable, cloth-covered board binding.  
Lincoln Welding School  
BASIC COURSE  
$700.00  
$4.50 postage paid U.S.A. Mainland  
5 weeks of fundamentals  
There is a 10% discount on all orders of $50.00 or more for shipment at one time to one location.  
Orders of $50 or less before discount or orders outside of North America must be prepaid with charge, check or money order in U.S. Funds Only.  
Prices include shipment by 4thClass Book Rate for U.S.A. Mainland Only. Please allow up to 4 weeks for delivery.  
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For North America invoiced orders over $50.00 & credit card orders, if UPS is requested, it will be invoiced or charged to you at cost.  
Outside U.S.A. Mainland order must be prepaid in U.S. Funds. Please add $2.00 per book for surface mail or $15.00 per book for air parcel post shipment.  
METHOD OF PAYMENT: (Sorry, No C.O.D. Orders)  
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Order from: BOOK DIVISION, The Lincoln Electric Company, 22801 St. Clair Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44117-1199  
Telephone: 216-383-2211 or, for fastest service, FAX this completed form to: 216-361-5901.  
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A New Approach to Industrial Economics $5.00  
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Do not touch electrically live parts or  
electrode with skin or wet clothing.  
Insulate yourself from work and  
ground.  
Keep flammable materials away.  
Wear eye, ear and body protection.  
WARNING  
Spanish  
No toque las partes o los electrodos Mantenga el material combustible  
Protéjase los ojos, los oídos y el  
bajo carga con la piel o ropa moja-  
da.  
Aislese del trabajo y de la tierra.  
fuera del área de trabajo.  
cuerpo.  
AVISO DE  
PRECAUCION  
French  
Ne laissez ni la peau ni des vête-  
ments mouillés entrer en contact  
avec des pièces sous tension.  
Gardez à lécart de tout matériel  
inflammable.  
Protégez vos yeux, vos oreilles et  
votre corps.  
ATTENTION  
Isolez-vous du travail et de la terre.  
German  
Berühren Sie keine stromführenden  
Teile oder Elektroden mit Ihrem  
Körper oder feuchter Kleidung!  
Isolieren Sie sich von den  
Entfernen Sie brennbarres Material! Tragen Sie Augen-, Ohren- und Kör-  
perschutz!  
WARNUNG  
Elektroden und dem Erdboden!  
Portuguese  
Não toque partes elétricas e elec-  
trodos com a pele ou roupa molha-  
da.  
Mantenha inflamáveis bem guarda- Use proteção para a vista, ouvido e  
dos.  
corpo.  
ATENÇÃO  
Isole-se da peça e terra.  
Japanese  
Chinese  
Korean  
Arabic  
READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTION FOR THIS EQUIPMENT AND THE CONSUMABLES TO BE  
USED AND FOLLOW YOUR EMPLOYERS SAFETY PRACTICES.  
SE RECOMIENDA LEER Y ENTENDER LAS INSTRUCCIONES DEL FABRICANTE PARA EL USO DE ESTE EQUIPO Y LOS  
CONSUMIBLES QUE VA A UTILIZAR, SIGA LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD DE SU SUPERVISOR.  
LISEZ ET COMPRENEZ LES INSTRUCTIONS DU FABRICANT EN CE QUI REGARDE CET EQUIPMENT ET LES PRODUITS A  
ETRE EMPLOYES ET SUIVEZ LES PROCEDURES DE SECURITE DE VOTRE EMPLOYEUR.  
LESEN SIE UND BEFOLGEN SIE DIE BETRIEBSANLEITUNG DER ANLAGE UND DEN ELEKTRODENEINSATZ DES HER-  
STELLERS. DIE UNFALLVERHÜTUNGSVORSCHRIFTEN DES ARBEITGEBERS SIND EBENFALLS ZU BEACHTEN.  
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Keep your head out of fumes.  
Use ventilation or exhaust to  
remove fumes from breathing zone.  
Turn power off before servicing.  
Do not operate with panel open or  
guards off.  
WARNING  
Spanish  
Los humos fuera de la zona de res-  
piración.  
Mantenga la cabeza fuera de los  
humos. Utilice ventilación o  
aspiración para gases.  
Desconectar el cable de ali-  
mentación de poder de la máquina  
antes de iniciar cualquier servicio.  
No operar con panel abierto o  
guardas quitadas.  
AVISO DE  
PRECAUCION  
French  
Débranchez le courant avant lentre- Nopérez pas avec les panneaux  
tien.  
Gardez la tête à l’écart des fumées.  
Utilisez un ventilateur ou un aspira-  
teur pour ôter les fumées des zones  
de travail.  
ouverts ou avec les dispositifs de  
protection enlevés.  
ATTENTION  
German  
Strom vor Wartungsarbeiten  
abschalten! (Netzstrom völlig öff-  
nen; Maschine anhalten!)  
Anlage nie ohne Schutzgehäuse  
oder Innenschutzverkleidung in  
Betrieb setzen!  
Vermeiden Sie das Einatmen von  
Schweibrauch!  
Sorgen Sie für gute Be- und  
Entlüftung des Arbeitsplatzes!  
WARNUNG  
Portuguese  
Não opere com as tampas removidas.  
Desligue a corrente antes de fazer  
serviço.  
Mantenha-se afastado das partes  
moventes.  
Não opere com os paineis abertos  
ou guardas removidas.  
Mantenha seu rosto da fumaça.  
Use ventilação e exhaustão para  
remover fumo da zona respiratória.  
ATENÇÃO  
Não toque as partes elétricas nuas.  
Japanese  
Chinese  
Korean  
Arabic  
LEIA E COMPREENDA AS INSTRUÇÕES DO FABRICANTE PARA ESTE EQUIPAMENTO E AS PARTES DE USO, E SIGA AS  
PRÁTICAS DE SEGURANÇA DO EMPREGADOR.  
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• World's Leader in Welding and Cutting Products •  
• Sales and Service through Subsidiaries and Distributors Worldwide •  
Cleveland, Ohio 44117-1199 U.S.A. TEL: 216.481.8100 FAX: 216.486.1751 WEB SITE: www.lincolnelectric.com  
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