Novocastra™ Liquid
Mouse Monoclonal Antibody
Surfactant Protein A
Product Code: NCL-L-SP-A
Leica Biosystems Newcastle Ltd
Balliol Business Park West
Benton Lane
Newcastle Upon Tyne NE12 8EW
United Kingdom
(
+44 191 215 4242
Instructions for Use
Please read before using this product.
Check the integrity of the packaging before use.
IVD
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Novocastra™ Liquid Mouse Monoclonal Antibody
Surfactant Protein A
Product Code: NCL-L-SP-A
Intended Use
For in vitro diagnostic use.
NCL-L-SP-A is intended for the qualitative identification by light microscopy of human surfactant protein A in paraffin sections. The
clinical interpretation of any staining or its absence should be complemented by morphological studies using proper controls and should
be evaluated within the context of the patient’s clinical history and other diagnostic tests by a qualified pathologist.
NCL- L- SP-A is recommended for the assessment of surfactant protein A in normal and neoplastic tissue.
Summary and Explanation
The first immunohistoperoxidase technique was reported by Nakane and Pierce.1 Since then many developments have occurred, leading
to increased sensitivity over earlier techniques. A recent development has been the use of polymeric labeling. This technology has
been applied to both primary antibodies2 and detection systems. The Novolink™ Polymer Detection Systems utilize a novel controlled
polymerization technology to prepare polymeric HRP-linker antibody conjugates. Therefore, the problem of non-specific staining that can
occur with Streptavidin/Biotin detection systems due to endogenous biotin does not occur.
Principle of Procedure
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody
to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody and an enzyme complex with a chromogenic substrate
with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. The
specimen may then be counterstained and coverslipped. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential
diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
Reagent
NCL-L-SP-A is a liquid tissue culture supernatant containing sodium azide as a preservative.
Clone
32E12
Immunogen
Prokaryotic recombinant protein corresponding to the 104–246 amino acid region of the human prosurfactant A molecule.
Specificity
Human surfactant protein A (prosurfactant A).
Ig Class
IgG2a, kappa
Total Protein
Total Protein Concentration
Refer to vial label for lot specific total protein concentration.
Antibody Concentration
Greater than or equal to 35 mg/L as determined by ELISA. Refer to vial label for lot specific Ig concentration.
Warnings and Precautions
This reagent has been prepared from the supernatant of cell culture. As it is a biological product, reasonable care should be taken when
handling it.
This reagent contains sodium azide. A Material Safety Data Sheet is available upon request or available from
Consult federal, state or local regulations for disposal of any potentially toxic components.
Specimens, before and after fixation, and all materials exposed to them, should be handled as if capable of transmitting infection and
disposed of with proper precautions.3 Never pipette reagents by mouth and avoid contacting the skin and mucous membranes with
reagents and specimens. If reagents or specimens come in contact with sensitive areas, wash with copious amounts of water. Seek
medical advice.
Minimize microbial contamination of reagents or an increase in non-specific staining may occur.
Incubation times or temperatures, other than those specified, may give erroneous results. Any such changes must be validated by the
user.
Storage and Stability
Store at 2–8 °C. Do not freeze. Return to 2–8 °C immediately after use. Do not use after expiration date indicated on the vial label.
Storage conditions other than those specified above must be verified by the user.
The signs indicating contamination and/or instability of NCL-L-SP-A are: turbidity of the solution, odor development, and presence of
precipitate.
Specimen Preparation
The recommended fixative is 10% neutral-buffered formalin for paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
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Recommendations On Use
Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections.
Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER): Please follow the instructions for use in Novocastra Epitope Retrieval Solution pH 9.
Suggested dilution: 1:2000 for 30 minutes at 25 °C. This is provided as a guide and users should determine their own optimal working
dilutions.
Visualization: Please follow the instructions for use in the Novolink™ Polymer Detection Systems. For further product information
or support, contact your local distributor or regional office of Leica Biosystems, or alternatively, visit the Leica Biosystems Web site,
The performance of this antibody should be validated when utilized with other manual staining systems or automated platforms.
Materials Provided
See Reagent.
Materials Required But Not Provided
See Novolink™ Polymer Detection Systems Instructions for Use.
Quality Control
Differences in tissue processing and technical procedures in the user’s laboratory may produce significant variability in results,
necessitating regular performance of in-house controls in addition to the following procedures.
Controls should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens, formalin-fixed, processed and paraffin wax-embedded as soon as possible
in the same manner as the patient sample(s).
Positive Tissue Control
Used to indicate correctly prepared tissues and proper staining techniques.
One positive tissue control should be included for each set of test conditions in each staining run.
A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable than a tissue with strong positive staining for optimal quality control and to detect
minor levels of reagent degradation.4
Recommended positive control tissue is lung (pneumocytes).
If the positive tissue control fails to demonstrate positive staining, results with the test specimens should be considered invalid.
Negative Tissue Control
Should be examined after the positive tissue control to verify the specificity of the labeling of the target antigen by the primary antibody.
Recommended negative control tissue is skin.
Alternatively, the variety of different cell types present in most tissue sections frequently offers negative control sites, but this should be
verified by the user.
Non-specific staining, if present, usually has a diffuse appearance. Sporadic staining of connective tissue may also be observed in
sections from excessively formalin-fixed tissues. Use intact cells for interpretation of staining results. Necrotic or degenerated cells often
stain non-specifically.5 False-positive results may be seen due to non-immunological binding of proteins or substrate reaction products.
They may also be caused by endogenous enzymes such as pseudoperoxidase (erythrocytes), endogenous peroxidase
(cytochrome C), or endogenous biotin (eg. liver, breast, brain, kidney) depending on the type of immunostain used. To differentiate
endogenous enzyme activity or non-specific binding of enzymes from specific immunoreactivity, additional patient tissues may be stained
exclusively with substrate chromogen or enzyme complexes (avidin-biotin, streptavidin, labeled polymer) and substrate-chromogen,
respectively. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control, results with the patient specimens should be considered invalid.
Negative Reagent Control
Use a non-specific negative reagent control in place of the primary antibody with a section of each patient specimen to evaluate
non-specific staining and allow better interpretation of specific staining at the antigen site.
Patient Tissue
Examine patient specimens stained with NCL-L-SP-A last. Positive staining intensity should be assessed within the context of any
non-specific background staining of the negative reagent control. As with any immunohistochemical test, a negative result means that
the antigen was not detected, not that the antigen was absent in the cells/tissue assayed. If necessary, use a panel of antibodies to
identify false-negative reactions.
Results Expected
Normal Tissues
Clone 32E12 detected surfactant protein A in the cytoplasm of pneumocytes within lung. (Total number of normal cases evaluated = 53).
Abnormal Tissues
Clone 32E12 stained 8/44 lung tumors (including 8/25 adenocarcinomas, 0/11 squamous cell carcinomas, 0/2 bronchiolalveolar
carcinomas, 0/2 large cell carcinomas, 0/2 large cell necroendocrine carcinomas and 0/2 small cell carcinomas).
No staining was detected in brain tumors (0/2), esophageal tumors (0/2), a laryngeal tumor (0/1), a thymic tumor (0/1), thyroid tumors
(0/3), breast tumors (0/2), gastric tumors (0/2), soft tissue tumors (0/2), tongue tumors (0/2) metastatic tumors of unknown origin (0/2),
liver tumors (0/4), renal tumors (0/2) ovarian tumors (0/4), cervical tumors (0/2), testicular tumors (0/2), colonic tumors (0/2), rectal
tumors (0/2) and skin tumors (0/2). (Total number of tumor cases evaluated = 83).
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General Limitations
Immunohistochemistry is a multistep diagnostic process that consists of specialized training in the selection of the appropriate reagents;
tissue selection, fixation, and processing; preparation of the IHC slide; and interpretation of the staining results.
Tissue staining is dependent on the handling and processing of the tissue prior to staining. Improper fixation, freezing, thawing, washing,
drying, heating, sectioning or contamination with other tissues or fluids may produce artifacts, antibody trapping, or false negative
results. Inconsistent results may be due to variations in fixation and embedding methods, or to inherent irregularities within the tissue.6
Excessive or incomplete counterstaining may compromise proper interpretation of results.
The clinical interpretation of any staining or its absence should be complemented by morphological studies using proper controls and
should be evaluated within the context of the patient’s clinical history and other diagnostic tests by a qualified pathologist.
Antibodies from Leica Biosystems Newcastle Ltd are for use, as indicated, on either frozen or paraffin-embedded sections with specific
fixation requirements. Unexpected antigen expression may occur, especially in neoplasms. The clinical interpretation of any stained
tissue section must include morphological analysis and the evaluation of appropriate controls.
Performance Characteristics
The performance of NCL-L-SP-A has been validated on a range of normal and abnormal tissues. See Results Expected.
Bibliography - General
1. Nakane PK and Pierce GB. Enzyme labeled antibodies : Preparations and applications for the localization of antigens. Journal of
Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 1967; 14:929–931.
2. Tsutsumi Y, Serizawa A and Kawai K. Enhanced polymer one-step staining (EPOS) for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67
antigen-applications to intraoperative frozen diagnosis. Pathology International. 1995; 45(2):108–115.
3. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Protection of laboratory workers from infectious diseases transmitted
by blood and tissue; proposed guideline. Villanova, P.A. 1991; 7(9). Order code M29-P.
4. Battifora H. Diagnostic uses of antibodies to keratins: a review and immunohistochemical comparison of seven monoclonal and
three polyclonal antibodies. Progress in Surgical Pathology. 6:1–15. eds. Fenoglio-Preiser C, Wolff CM, Rilke F. Field & Wood, Inc.,
Philadelphia.
5. Nadji M, Morales AR. Immunoperoxidase, part I: the techniques and pitfalls. Laboratory Medicine. 1983; 14:767.
6. Omata M, Liew CT, Ashcavai M, Peters RL. Nonimmunologic binding of horseradish peroxidase to hepatitis B surface antigen: a
possible source of error in immunohistochemistry. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1980; 73:626.
7. Sorensen GL, Husby S and Holmskov U. Surfactant protein A and surfactant protein D variation in pulmonary disease.
Immunobiology 2007; 212:381-416.
8. Sano H and Kuroki Y. The lung collectins, SP-A and SP-D, modulate pulmonary innate immunity. Molecular Immunology 2005;
42:279-287.
Amendments to Previous Issue
Not applicable.
Date of Issue
18 June 2014
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Leica Biosystems Newcastle Ltd
Balliol Business Park West
Benton Lane
Newcastle Upon Tyne NE12 8EW
United Kingdom
•
•
© Leica Biosystems Newcastle Ltd NCL-L-ENG-U Rev A SP-A-L-U 18/06/2014
(
+44 191 215 4242
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