Kodak Film Camera P 255 User Manual

June 2003 P-255  
TECHNICAL DATA / BLACK-AND-WHITE FILM  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical  
Pan Film  
• Laser recording  
• Other applications such as slide making, copying, and  
microfilming that require high or moderately high  
contrast combined with fine grain and high resolving  
power  
—NOTICE—  
Discontinuance of  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film is being  
discontinued due to steadily declining demand over the recent  
years. Changes in product components and our manufacturing  
processes make it impractical to continue to support this  
product at its current low levels.  
SIZES AVAILABLE  
Sizes and CAT numbers may differ from country to country.  
See your dealer who supplies KODAK PROFESSIONAL  
Products.  
The last Tech Pan coating was several years ago. Since that  
time, the old coating room has been shut down, the gels used  
in the product formulation have become obsolete, and we no  
longer manufacture the ESTAR support on which the 35 mm  
product was coated. There would be considerable cost to  
recreate the product, with no guarantee that it would look and  
act the same as the Tech Pan Film of old.  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film 2415  
Size  
mm x ft Code  
Film  
Letter  
Code  
Base  
Sp No.  
CAT No.  
4-mil  
Technical Pan Film will continue to be available until the  
existing inventory has been depleted.  
35 x 150 2415 (0.10 mm)  
442  
TP  
129 9916  
ESTAR-AH  
While there is no direct replacement for Tech Pan Film, you  
may find KODAK PROFESSIONAL T-MAX 100 Film in  
combination with specific B&W Developers to be a viable  
alternative for some applications.  
Film  
Code  
Letter  
Code  
Size  
Base  
4-mil  
CAT No.  
135-36  
2415  
(0.10 mm)  
ESTAR-AH  
TP  
129 7563  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film is Kodak’s  
slowest and finest-grained black-and-white film for pictorial  
photography (when developed in KODAK TECHNIDOL  
Liquid Developer). It is a variable-contrast panchromatic  
film with extended red sensitivity; because of its extended  
red sensitivity, it yields prints with a gray-tone rendering  
slightly different from that produced by other panchromatic  
films. (This is most noticeable in portraits, in which it  
suppresses blemishes.)  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan 4415  
Sheets  
Per  
Package  
Sizes  
Film  
Base  
CAT No.  
882 6596  
852 1817  
(inches) Code/Notch  
50  
4 x 5  
7-mil  
(0.18 mm)  
ESTAR  
Thick  
50  
8 x 10  
Use this film for pictorial, scientific, technical, and  
reversal-processing applications. It is an excellent choice for  
making big enlargements or murals.  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film 6415  
Film  
Code  
Letter  
Code  
Size  
Base  
CAT No.  
APPLICATIONS  
You can vary the contrast of KODAK PROFESSIONAL  
Technical Pan Film by modifying development. The wide  
range of contrast levels, along with the spectral sensitization  
and combination of speed and image-structure properties,  
makes this film unusually versatile and suitable for many  
applications:  
3.6-mil  
(0.091 mm)  
acetate  
120  
6415  
TP  
151 1054  
Because 2415 Film has a thinner base than conventional  
35 mm picture-taking films, 150-foot rolls finished to Sp 442  
will fit in bulk-film loaders designed to accept 100-foot rolls.  
Other sizes are available on a special-order basis, subject  
to manufacturing limitations and current minimum-order  
requirements. Minimum-order quantities for special-order  
sizes are generally 750 square feet (70 square metres) of  
film.  
• Pictorial photography  
• Photomicrography  
• Microphotography (Microfilming)  
• Solar photography  
• Photographing electrophoretic gels  
©Eastman Kodak Company, 2000  
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Adjustments for Long and Short Exposures  
Compensate for the reciprocity characteristics of this film by  
increasing exposure and adjusting the development as  
shown.  
DARKROOM RECOMMENDATIONS  
Handle unprocessed film in total darkness. After  
development is half completed, you can use a KODAK  
3 Safelight Filter (dark green) in a suitable safelight lamp  
with a 15-watt bulb. Keep the safelight at least  
4 feet (1.2 metres) from the film.  
This  
If Indicated  
Exposure  
Time Is  
Use This  
Lens-  
Aperture  
AND  
Use This  
Development  
Adjustment  
Adjusted  
Exposure  
Time  
For information on safelight testing, see KODAK  
Publication K-4, How Safe Is Your Safelight?  
OR  
(seconds) Adjustment  
(seconds)  
1/10,000  
1/1,000  
1/100  
1/10  
None  
None  
None  
None  
None  
None  
None  
15  
+30%  
+20%  
None  
None  
–10%  
–10%  
None  
None  
1
None  
+12 stop  
10  
Adjust  
aperture  
100  
+112 stops  
None  
Exposure- and Contrast-Index Values for Processing in the  
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11  
Development Machine  
Exposure  
Index  
ISO/DIN*  
Contrast  
Index  
KODAK  
Developer  
Developer  
Racks  
Temperature  
°F (°C)  
Speed  
(ft/min)  
2.20  
1.40  
1.40  
VERSAMAT 885  
VERSAMAT 641  
DURAFLO RT  
85 (29.4)  
85 (29.4)  
80 (26.5)  
10  
10  
10  
1
1
2
160/23°  
125/22°  
160/23°  
* Based on a 1/25-second daylight exposure  
Changes in Speed and Contrast  
Due to Long- and Short-Exposure Adjustments  
Camera  
Stops  
Log  
Exposure  
0.10  
0.00  
0.10  
0.20  
0.30  
0.40  
SPEED SHIFT  
0
1
2
3
3
1
3
Exposure: Tungsten or Daylight  
11  
12  
Process: KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),  
3
8 minutes at 68 F (20 C)  
C.I.  
0.10  
0.00  
0.10  
0.20  
CONTRAST-INDEX SHIFT  
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2 4 810 32 100  
10000 2500  
1
500  
100  
25 10  
5
2
1
1
1
5000  
1000  
250  
50  
Time (seconds)  
F002_0195AC  
P-255 P-255  
3
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Starting-Point Exposures for Making Reverse-Text  
Slides: With exposure meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN)  
speeds or exposure indexes, use these film-speed values:  
SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS  
Pictorial Photography  
These films produce high-quality pictorial negatives when  
processed in KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer. (See  
“PROCESSING.”) Conventional developers generally  
produce contrast too high for normal pictorial photography.  
Process the film according to the instructions for KODAK  
TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer.  
In pictorial applications, the fine grain permits  
enlargements at magnifications of 25X or more with little  
perceptible grain. The extended red sensitivity has a  
haze-cutting effect in photographs of distant landscapes and  
in aerial shots.  
• Tungsten 200/24°—for incident-light readings or for  
reflected-light readings from a gray card (18-percent  
reflectance) at the copyboard.  
• Tungsten 40/17°—for reflected-light readings from a  
matte white card (90-percent reflectance) at the  
copyboard.  
Note: These values for reverse-text slides are based on  
development in KODAK DEKTOL Developer for 3 minutes  
at 68°F (20°C).  
The exposure index is based on the formula EI = 10/H,  
where H is the 1-second exposure in lux-seconds required to  
produce a density of 0.60 above minimum density with the  
indicated development.  
Use an exposure index of 25 for trial exposures.  
Copy Applications  
You can use these films for copying printed material, making  
reverse-text title slides, and copying continuous-tone  
photographs.  
Use two lamps. Place one on each side of the copy  
material so that each light strikes the material at about a  
45-degree angle. For originals larger than 16 x 20 inches  
(40 x 50 cm), you may need four lamps (two on each side)  
for uniform illumination. Determine the exposure with a  
meter.  
If you use a camera with a through-the-lens meter, take the  
reading from a gray card in the copy position. The meter  
could give you an incorrect reading from the copy itself,  
depending on the amount of text.  
If you do not use an exposure meter, try these starting  
points: With two No. 2 photolamps in matte-surface  
reflectors at about 4 feet (1.2 metres) from the copyboard,  
use 1/60 second at ƒ/8. With two No. 1 photolamps, increase  
the exposure by one stop.  
Copying Continuous-Tone Photographs: To copy  
continuous-tone photographs, use an exposure-index value  
to achieve a gamma value between 0.6 and 1.0, depending on  
the contrast of the original. For low-contrast originals, you  
can try KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dilution B) for  
6 minutes (EI 160); for higher-contrast originals, use  
KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer for 9 minutes  
(EI 25).  
Microphotography (Microfilming)  
The resolving power of Technical Pan Film allows  
microfilming of most documents at reductions of up to 20X,  
assuming that the copying lens is of high quality and is  
carefully focused. The film plane and the plane of the  
copyboard must be parallel to provide sharp focus over the  
whole image area. When you photograph black-and-white  
originals, use a green filter such as a KODAK WRATTEN  
Gelatin Filter No. 58 or 61. This will help suppress the  
chromatic aberrations found in most lenses that would be  
emphasized by the extended red sensitivity of the film.  
For optimum image quality, adjust the exposure to  
achieve a negative density of 1.20 in the areas that  
correspond to the white or light-colored areas of the original.  
Process the film to a gamma of 2.0 in KODAK HC-110  
Developer (Dilution D) for 8 minutes at 68° F (20°C)  
(EI 125).  
With meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN) speeds or exposure  
indexes, use these film-speed values:  
Starting-Point Exposures for Copying Printed  
Materials: With meters marked for ISO (ASA/DIN) speeds  
or exposure indexes, use these film-speed values:  
• Tungsten 320/26°—for incident-light readings or for  
reflected-light readings from a gray card (18-percent  
reflectance) at the copyboard.  
• Tungsten 64/19°—for reflected-light readings from a  
matte white card (90-percent reflectance) at the  
copyboard.  
Photographing Electrophoretic Gels  
Electrophoretic gels are often photographed to produce  
prints for information storage, analysis, display, and  
publication. KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan  
Films yield high-quality black-and-white negatives from  
which you can make high-quality prints of these gels. Adjust  
exposure carefully to minimize the appearance of the gel  
background tint in the prints.  
Make tests to determine exposures for your lighting  
conditions. Develop the film for 4 minutes in KODAK  
HC-110 Developer (Dilution D) at 68°F (20°C) (EI 80).  
TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer may also work with your  
setup.  
Note: These values are based on small-tank development in  
KODAK Developer D-19 for 4 minutes at 68°F (20°C) with  
agitation at 30-second intervals.  
The exposure index is based on the formula EI = 36/H,  
where H is the 1-second exposure in lux-seconds required to  
produce a density of 1.20 above minimum density with the  
indicated development.  
4
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Photomicrography  
Astronomical Photography  
The low contrast of most microscopic subjects often requires  
a contrast-enhancing film-and-developer combination and  
(with stained specimens) a contrast-enhancing filter. For  
routine photomicrography of H and E-stained tissue, try a  
broad-band yellow-green filter (e.g., a KODAK WRATTEN  
Gelatin Filter No. 11) at a tungsten exposure index of 50,  
developed in HC-110 Developer (Dilution B) for 8 minutes  
at 68°F (20°C). Negatives should print easily and with good  
contrast on normal-contrast paper. (If negatives are too  
dense, use a higher exposure index; if too thin, use a lower  
one. If contrast is too low, increase the development time; if  
too high, decrease the time.)  
For phase-contrast and differential-contrast techniques,  
try a tungsten exposure index of 100, and develop in HC-110  
Developer (Dilution D) for 6 minutes at 68°F (20°C). (If  
necessary, adjust the exposure index or development as  
described above.) This method may also be suitable for  
banding techniques in chromosome photomicrography.  
When you want maximum contrast, as in older karyotyping  
methods, use a tungsten exposure index of about 125, and  
develop in Developer D-19 for 4 minutes at 68°F (20°C).  
(Because of the differing spectral sensitivities of microscope  
photocells and the special characteristics of Technical Pan  
Films, these exposure index recommendations cannot be  
exact.)  
The extended red sensitivity of Technical Pan Films makes  
them especially suited to solar photography at the H-alpha  
line (656 nm), and their reasonably uniform spectral  
sensitivity over the visible region of the spectrum makes them  
most useful for solar filtergrams. They are also useful for  
lunar and planetary photography. The extremely fine grain  
and high resolving power, coupled with high-contrast  
development (with Developer D-19, for example) permits  
reproduction of very fine detail on objects in the solar system.  
You can use these films for stellar photography, but first  
hypersensitize them with forming gas or silver nitrate to  
improve the film response with the long exposures required.  
(For information on hypersensitization of Technical Pan  
Films, see the American Astronomical Society  
Photo-Bulletin, Issue No. 24, 1980, No. 2.)  
Laser Photography  
The extended red sensitivity of these films makes them very  
useful in applications in which the exposing radiation is from  
helium-neon lasers (633 nm) or red-light-emitting diodes  
(typically 640 to 650 nm).  
For example, Technical Pan Films are frequently  
recommended for photographing holograms reconstructed  
with the helium-neon lasers. Since the range of scene  
brightnesses that can be recorded and reconstructed  
holographically is inherently great, it is sometimes  
appropriate to process the film to a low contrast (contrast  
index of 0.5 to 0.6). However, in holographic interferometry,  
processing the film to a contrast index of 1.5 or more will  
enhance the visibility of the interferometric fringe by  
increasing its modulation. Try HC-110 Developer  
(Dilution B).  
Metallographers can easily select development conditions  
from the characteristic curves shown in this pamphlet, based  
on the contrast index they have used successfully with other  
materials.  
Electron Micrography  
Use Technical Pan Film to record the output of the  
fiber-optic faceplate in transmission electron microscopes  
and to provide optimum contrast and resolution for  
biological specimens.  
Make tests to determine exposures for the accelerating  
voltage and magnification. Develop for 512 minutes in  
Developer D-19 (1:2) at 68°F (20°C) or for 4 minutes in  
Developer D-19 (full strength) at 68°F (20°C). For less  
contrast, process for 8 to 12 minutes in HC-110 Developer  
(Dilution B) at 68°F (20°C).  
In image-recording or plotting applications, you can  
control the film contrast during processing to convert the  
modulation range of the recorder to the density range you  
want on the film.  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film P-255  
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PROCESSING  
Development Times for  
KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer  
in Stainless-Steel 8- or 16- oz  
or Plastic 10- or 20-oz Tanks  
Handle unprocessed film in total darkness. After  
development is half complete, you can use a suitable a  
safelight lamp equipped with a KODAK 3 Safelight Filter  
(dark green) and a 15-watt bulb for a few seconds. Keep the  
safelight at least 4 feet (1.2 metres) from the film.  
When you use these films for pictorial applications, you  
must select a film-and-developer combination carefully.  
With 35 mm Technical Pan Film, use TECHNIDOL Liquid  
Developer. With Technical Pan Film / 4415 and 6415 (sheets  
and 120 size), use only TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer.  
Observe the precautionary information on the developer  
packaging.  
Temperature 68°F (20°C)  
Time 9 minutes  
* With 35 mm film only  
77°F (25°C)  
712 minutes  
86°F (30°C)*  
612 minutes  
1. Fill the tank with developer adjusted to one of the  
temperatures in the table.  
2. In total darkness, drop the loaded reels into the tank of  
solution and attach the top to the tank.  
3. Firmly tap the bottom of the tank on the top of the work  
surface to dislodge any air bubbles. (You can then turn  
on the room lights.)  
KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer  
Small-Tank Processing (rolls)  
4. Provide immediate agitation by shaking the tank  
vigorously up and down 10 to 12 times for 2 seconds.  
Do not rotate the tank.  
You can process roll film in small 8- or 16-ounce  
stainless-steel or 10- or 20-ounce plastic tanks with spiral  
reels using the following instructions. With some spiral reels,  
the 35 mm film may be susceptible to nonuniform processing  
effects if agitation is not carefully controlled. Pouring the  
developer on dry film through the light trap in the tank top  
can also produce nonuniformity. To avoid processing  
problems, pour the developer into the tank before you insert  
the loaded reel, and follow the agitation recommendations  
below.  
Liquid Developer Agitation Technique  
Preparing a Working Solution: Mix your liquid developer  
according to the instructions packaged with the developer.  
Use water at 68 to 86°F (20 to 30°C).  
To process one roll of 135-36 film, make 8 fl oz (237 mL)  
of developer solution. Stir until the solution is completely  
mixed. To process one 120-size roll or two 135-36 rolls of  
film in the same process, prepare one pint (16 fl oz [473 mL])  
of developer.  
You can reuse the developer if you increase the  
development time of the second process by 1 minute. Store  
the developer in an air-tight bottle, and use it within a week.  
F002_0196AC  
Processing with TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer in a  
Small Tank: The following procedure may vary from the  
instructions provided with your tank, but you must follow it  
to obtain good results.  
Develop roll film for the amount of time in the table below,  
according to the developer temperature you choose.  
5. Let the tank sit for 30 seconds, and then start the next  
2-second agitation.  
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 every 30 seconds for the remainder  
of the development time.  
6
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Final Steps in Tank Processing—  
68 to 86°F (20 to 30°C)  
Processing with TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer in a  
Tray: Use the special agitation procedure described below  
for best processing uniformity in a tray.  
Time  
(min:sec)  
Step/Solution  
Presoak the film in water at 68°F (20°C) for approximately  
212 minutes.  
1. Locate the code notch and identify the emulsion side of  
the film. Turn the first sheet so that the emulsion side  
faces up and the code notch is in the lower left-hand  
corner; place the sheet in the water presoak.  
Rinse — with agitation:  
KODAK Indicator Stop Bath  
KODAK EKTAFLO Stop Bath  
Fix — with frequent agitation:  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Fixer  
KODAK Rapid Fixer  
KODAFIX Solution  
0:15 to 0:30  
0:15 to 0:30  
2:00 to 4:00  
1:30 to 3:00  
2:00 to 4:00  
2. Agitate the film for 5 seconds. Place the next sheet of  
film on top with the emulsion side up and the code notch  
in the upper right-hand corner. (This will help you  
identify the first sheet of film later.) Repeat this step for  
the remaining sheets.  
Wash:  
Running water  
5:00 to 15:00  
—OR—  
3. When all the sheets are in the presoak, begin timing for  
212 minutes. Agitate carefully by pulling the bottom  
sheet out every 5 seconds and placing it on top. Be sure  
to keep the film emulsion side up and to keep the stack  
immersed.  
4. After 212 minutes, locate the first sheet, remove it, and  
allow it to drain. Using the same code-notch orientation,  
quickly place the sheet in the developer and agitate for  
about 10 seconds. Move the remaining sheets to the  
developer one at a time, agitating each for 10 seconds.  
Be careful that they don’t scratch each other.  
Rinse with water  
KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent  
Running water  
0:15  
1:30  
5:00  
Final rinse:  
KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution  
Dry — in a dust-free place  
0:30  
Note: Keep the rinse and fix temperatures within 3°F (1.7°C)  
of the developer temperature, and the wash temperature  
within 5°F (3°C) of the developer temperature.  
Rinse the film in KODAK Indicator Stop Bath or KODAK  
EKTAFLO Stop Bath for 15 to 30 seconds. Use running  
water for 30 seconds if you don’t use a stop bath.  
Fix the film with frequent agitation in KODAK Rapid Fixer  
for 112 to 3 minutes. Or use KODAK PROFESSIONAL  
Fixer or KODAFIX Solution for 2 to 4 minutes.  
Develop at 68°F (20°C) for 8 minutes. Be sure the developer  
is at 68°F (20°C). Agitate the film in the developer as you did  
in the presoak. However, increase the rate of the initial  
agitation by going through the stack of film four times in the  
first minute of development. After 1 minute, take the entire  
stack of film and turn it 180 degrees. Continue the agitation  
at the normal rate of going through the stack twice per  
minute for the rest of the development time. Continue  
rotating the film as follows:  
Wash the film in clean running water for 5 to 15 minutes.  
To save time and conserve water, use KODAK Hypo  
Clearing Agent. Rinse the fixed film in running water for  
15 seconds. Bathe the film in KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent  
for 1 to 2 minutes with agitation. Then wash the film for  
5 minutes in running water, providing at least one change of  
water during the 5 minutes.  
After this  
many minutes  
Rotate  
the stack  
To the  
2
3
4
5
6
7
90°  
180°  
90°  
left  
left  
Dry the film in a dust-free place. To minimize drying marks,  
treat the film with KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution after  
washing, or wipe the surface carefully with a soft viscose  
sponge.  
You can use heated forced air at 100°F (38°C) to reduce  
drying time.  
right  
right  
left  
180°  
90°  
180°  
left  
Tray Processing (sheets)  
Mix 1 quart (32 fl oz [946]) of TECHNIDOL Liquid  
Developer at one-half the working strength you’d use for roll  
films. That is, use 2 packets of developer concentrate and add  
enough water at 68°F (20°C) to make 1 quart. Stir until the  
developer is completely mixed.  
You can develop the equivalent of twelve 4 x 5-inch  
sheets of film in this amount of solution. Do not reuse this  
solution for a second batch even if your first batch consisted  
of fewer than twelve sheets.  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film P-255  
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Final Steps in Tray Processing—  
65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C)  
Other KODAK Developers  
To process these films in the other developers listed in the  
table Exposure- and Contrast-Index Values for Various  
Development Conditions or the Quick Reference Guide to  
Developers, follow the instructions for your tank.  
Before using any developer, make sure that the solution is  
free of small air bubbles. If bubbles adhere to the emulsion,  
they may cause small undeveloped clear spots on the film  
(dark spots on the print). Bubbles may form more easily if  
you mix cold and hot water. If bubbles do form, let the  
developer stand until they dissipate. Attaching an aerator to  
the water supply will help eliminate small bubbles.  
Develop to the contrast index for your application; see  
“Exposure” and the characteristic curves. The contrast index  
depends primarily on the developer, temperature, dilution,  
and processing technique. It is affected less by exposure time  
and normal product variability.  
Time  
(min:sec)  
Step/Solution  
Rinse — with agitation:  
KODAK Indicator Stop Bath  
KODAK EKTAFLO Stop Bath  
Fix — with frequent agitation:  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Fixer  
KODAK Rapid Fixer  
KODAFIX Solution  
0:15 to 0:30  
0:15 to 0:30  
2:00 to 4:00  
2:00 to 4:00  
2:00 to 4:00  
Wash:  
Running water  
5:00 to 15:00  
—OR—  
Rinse with water  
KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent  
Running water  
0:15  
1:30  
5:00  
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Replenisher  
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Starter  
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Fixer and Replenisher  
Final rinse:  
KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution  
Dry — in a dust-free place  
0:30  
Processing Sequence  
No. of  
Racks  
Path  
Length  
Step  
Develop  
Fix  
Temperature  
Rinse the film at 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) in KODAK  
Indicator Stop Bath or KODAK EKTAFLO Stop Bath for  
15 to 30 seconds. Use running water for 30 seconds if no stop  
bath is available.  
Put the first sheet into the stop bath and agitate vigorously.  
Put the remaining sheets into the stop bath one at a time, and  
agitate each vigorously for about 5 seconds. Go through the  
stack at the normal pace.  
85 ±0.5°F  
(29.4 ±0.3°C)  
1
3
4 ft (1.2 m)  
12 ft (3.8 m)  
8 ft (2.4 m)  
8 ft (2.4 m)  
85°F (29°C)  
nominal  
75 to 80°F  
(24 to 27°C)  
Wash  
Dry  
2
135 to 140°F  
(57 to 60°C)  
To produce a contrast index of about 1.4, start with a machine  
speed of 10 feet per minute (3.05 m/min).  
Fix the film at 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C) in KODAK  
PROFESSIONAL Fixer, KODAK Rapid Fixer, or  
KODAFIX Solution for 2 to 4 minutes. Move the sheets to  
the fixer one at a time. Continue the agitation.  
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Replenisher  
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Starter  
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Fixer and Replenisher  
Wash the film in running water at 65 to 70°F (18 to 21°C)  
for 5 to 15 minutes. To save time and conserve water, you can  
use KODAK Hypo Clearing Agent. First rinse the film in  
running water for 15 seconds. Transfer the stack of film to  
the hypo clearing agent solution and agitate for 112 minutes.  
Then wash the film for 5 minutes in running water, providing  
at least one change of water during this time. Treat the film  
with KODAK PHOTO-FLO Solution and hang it up to dry;  
do not squeegee.  
Processing Sequence  
No. of  
Racks  
Path  
Step  
Develop  
Fix  
Temperature  
Length  
85 ±0.5°F  
(29.4 ±0.3°C)  
1
3
4 ft (1.2 m)  
12 ft (3.8 m)  
8 ft (2.4 m)  
8 ft (2.4 m)  
85°F (29°C)  
nominal  
75 to 80°F  
(24 to 27°C)  
Wash  
Dry  
2
135 to 140°F  
(57 to 60°C)  
To produce a contrast index of about 2.2, start with a machine  
speed of 10 feet per minute (3.05 m/min). You will obtain  
adequate washing at speeds up to 15 feet per minute  
(4.5 m/min).  
8
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Spectral-Sensitivity Curves  
KODAK DURAFLO RT Developer Replenisher  
KODAK DURAFLO RT Developer Starter  
KODAK Rapid Fixer  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
Effective Exposure:1.4 sec visible, 0.2 sec ultraviolet  
Process:  
KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),  
8 minutes at 68 F (20 C)  
Processing Sequence  
No. of  
Racks  
Path  
Length  
Diffuse Density=  
0.3 above D-min  
Step  
Develop  
Temperature  
80 ±0.5°F  
(27 ±0.3°C)  
1
3
8 ft (2.4 m)  
12 ft (3.8 m)  
8 ft (2.4 m)  
8 ft (2.4 m)  
80°F (27°C)  
nominal  
Fix  
0.0  
1.0  
Diffuse Density=  
1.0 above D-min  
70 to 75°F  
(21 to 24°C)  
Wash  
Dry  
2
135 to 140°F*  
(57 to 60°C)  
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750  
WAVELENGTH (nm)  
To produce a contrast index of about 1.4, start with a machine  
speed of 8 feet per minute (2.4 m/min). Washing at this speed will  
not provide archival quality, but it should be adequate for many  
scientific recording applications.  
*Sensitivity = reciprocal of exposure (erg/cm2 ) required  
F002_0194AC  
to produce specified density  
* Use a lower dryer temperature (95 to 110°F or 35 to 44°C) with 2415  
Film if spots form due to rapid drying. Lower temperatures may also be  
adequate if you are drying only roll film.  
Modulation-Transfer Curves  
200  
100  
70  
50  
PRINTING  
The 0.1 neutral density built into the ESTAR-AH Base is  
one-half to one-third that found in conventional 35 mm  
picture-taking films. Correctly exposed and processed  
pictorial negatives may appear to be “thinner” than normal.  
It is important to take this into account when you judge the  
printability of negatives.  
30  
20  
Exposure: Tungsten  
Process: Small tank,  
KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),  
10  
7
8 minutes at 68 F (20 C);  
KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer,  
8 minutes at 68 F (20 C);  
5
The micro-fine grain of Technical Pan Film makes  
possible printing at higher magnifications than are usually  
acceptable with conventional picture-taking films.  
Enlargements made at magnifications greater than 25X with  
highly specular (point-source) enlargers may show a random  
distribution of poorly defined white specks in otherwise  
dense areas. The specks are caused by tiny matte particles  
coated on the back surface of the film. You can mask the  
specks, with little loss in the overall sharpness of the image,  
by using an enlarger with a diffuse or semi-diffuse light  
source.  
3
2
1
1
2
3
4 5  
10  
20  
50  
100 200  
600  
SPATIAL FREQUENCY (cycles/mm)  
F002_0180AC  
NOTICE: The sensitometric curves and data in this  
publication represent product tested under the conditions of  
exposure and processing specified. They are representative  
of production coatings, and therefore do not apply directly to  
a particular box or roll of photographic material. They do not  
represent standards or specifications that must be met by  
Eastman Kodak Company. The company reserves the right  
to change and improve product characteristics at any time.  
IMAGE-STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS  
The data in this section are based on development at  
68°F (20°C) in KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dilution D) for  
8 minutes or KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer for  
9 minutes.  
KODAK Developer  
HC-110 (Dilution D) TECHNIDOL Liquid  
Diffuse rms  
Granularity*  
8 Extremely fine  
5 Micro fine  
* Read at a net diffuse density of 1.0 using a 48-micrometre aperture  
and 12X magnification.  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film P-255  
9
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Characteristic Curves  
Exposure: Tungsten, 1/25 second  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
Process: Small tank, KODAK DEKTOL  
Developer, 3 minutes at 68 F (20 C),  
agitation at 30-second intervals  
Exposure Index: 200  
Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second  
Process: Small tank, KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil B),  
4, 6, 8, and 12 minutes at 68 F (20 C),  
agitation at 30-second intervals  
Contrast Index: 2.50  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
2.00  
1.80  
1.60  
1.40  
1.20  
250  
200  
150  
100  
=3.60  
12 min =2.70  
8 min =2.05  
4
6
8
10 12  
DEVELOPMENT TIME  
(minutes)  
6 min =1.60  
4 min =1.40  
0.0  
0.0  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
3.0  
3.0  
3.5  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0185AC  
F002_0188AC  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
Exposure: Tungsten, 1 second  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
Process: Small tank, KODAK Developer D-19;  
2, 4, and 8 minutes at 68 F (20 C),  
agitation at 30-second intervals  
Exposure: Tungsten, 1/25 second  
Process: Small tank, KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil D),  
4, 6, and 8 minutes at 68 F (20 C),  
agitation at 30-second intervals  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
150  
3.00  
2.50  
200  
150  
1.80  
1.60  
1.40  
100  
2.00  
100  
8 min =3.50  
4 min =2.90  
2 min =2.80  
2
4
6
8
8 min =2.00  
6 min =1.65  
50  
8
1.20  
4
DEVELOPMENT TIME  
(minutes)  
5
6
7
DEVELOPMENT TIME  
(minutes)  
4 min =1.35  
0.0  
4.0  
0.0  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0182AC  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0183AC  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
Exposure: Tungsten, 1 second  
Process: Small tank, KODAK Developer  
D-19 (1:2), 4, 51  
, and 7 minutes at  
68 F (20 C), agitation at  
30-second intervals  
Exposure: Tungsten, 1 second  
Process: Small tank, KODAK HC-110 Developer (Dil F),  
6, 8, and 10 minutes at 68 F (20 C),  
2
agitation at 30-second intervals  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
3.00  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
0.95  
0.90  
0.85  
0.80  
60  
50  
40  
30  
200  
2.80  
2.60  
2.40  
2.20  
150  
100  
7 min =3.60  
51  
min =3.50  
4 min =3.20  
6
8
10  
2
DEVELOPMENT TIME  
(minutes)  
10 min =1.30  
8 min =1.20  
4
5
6
7
DEVELOPMENT TIME  
(minutes)  
6 min =1.05  
0.0  
0.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0189AC  
2.5  
1.5  
0.5  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
F002_0184AC  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
10  
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4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second  
Process: Small tank, KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid  
Developer 5, 7, 9, and 11 minutes at  
Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second  
Process: KODAK VERSAMAT 885  
Chemicals at 85 F (29.4 C); KODAK  
VERSAMAT Film Processor,  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
68 F (20 C), agitation at 30-second intervals  
Model 11; 1 developer rack  
Developing Exposure Contrast  
Time (min)  
Index  
16  
20  
25  
25  
Index  
0.48  
0.58  
0.64  
0.70  
5
7
9
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
0.70  
0.60  
0.50  
11  
2.60  
2.20  
1.80  
1.40  
250  
200  
150  
100  
11 min =0.70  
9 min =0.65  
5 fpm =3.60  
10 fpm =2.80  
15 fpm =2.20  
20 fpm =1.60  
25 fpm =1.35  
0.40  
1.00  
5
10 15 20 25  
5
7
9
11  
MACHINE SPEED  
(fpm)  
DEVELOPMENT TIME  
(minutes)  
1.0  
7 min =0.60  
5 min =0.50  
0.0  
4.0  
0.0  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0193AC  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0190AC  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second  
Exposure: Tungsten, 1/25 second  
Process: KODAK DURAFLO RT Developer at  
5, 10, 15, and 20 ft/min at 85 F (29.4 C);  
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,  
Model 11; 2 developer racks  
Process: Small tank, KODAK Developer D-76;  
6, 8, 10, and 12 minutes at 68 F (20 C),  
agitation at 30-second intervals  
5 fpm =2.40  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
2.20  
1.80  
1.40  
1.00  
200  
150  
100  
50  
2.00  
1.75  
1.50  
1.25  
125  
100  
75  
50  
0.60  
5
10 15 20  
1.00  
6
12 min =2.50  
8
10 12  
MACHINE SPEED  
(fpm)  
DEVELOPMENT TIME  
(minutes)  
10 min =2.00  
8 min =1.50  
10 fpm =1.60  
15 fpm =1.00  
20 fpm =0.80  
6 min =1.20  
0.0  
0.0  
3.0  
F002_0186AC  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0192AC  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
Exposure: Daylight, 1/25 second  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
Process: KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals at  
5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ft/min at 85 F (29.4 C);  
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,  
Model 11; 1 developer rack  
5 fpm =2.90  
CONTRAST  
INDEX  
EXPOSURE  
INDEX  
2.20  
1.80  
1.40  
1.00  
200  
150  
100  
50  
0.60  
5
10 15 20 25  
MACHINE SPEED  
(fpm)  
10 fpm =1.55  
15 fpm =1.30  
20 fpm =1.05  
25 fpm =0.85  
0.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
F002_0191AC  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film P-255  
11  
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QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TO DEVELOPERS  
KODAK Developer to Use for–  
KODAK  
PROFESSIONAL  
Technical Pan Film  
(sizes)  
Reverse-  
Text  
Slides  
Copying  
Printed  
Material  
Copying  
Micro-  
photo-  
graphy  
Electro-  
phoretic  
Gels  
Photo- Electron  
microg- Microg-  
Astro-  
nomical  
Pictorial  
Continuous-  
Tone Photos  
Laser  
raphy  
raphy  
2415  
(135 and long rolls)  
TECHNIDOL  
Liquid  
HC-110  
(Dil D)  
D-19  
HC-110  
(Dil B),  
D-19,  
D-19  
HC-110  
(Dil B),  
TECHNIDOL  
Liquid  
HC-110  
(Dil B),  
TECHNIDOL  
Liquid  
4415  
HC-110  
(Dil B)  
HC-110  
(Dil B) or  
TECHNIDOL  
Liquid  
HC-110  
(Dil D) or  
TECHNIDOL  
Liquid  
(4 x 5- and  
8 x 10-inch)  
DEKTOL  
D-19, or (1:2), or  
D-19  
TECHNIDOL  
Liquid  
HC-110  
(Dil D)  
HC-110  
(Dil B)  
6415  
(120)  
MORE INFORMATION  
Kodak has many publications to assist you with information on Kodak products, equipment, and materials.  
Additional information is available on the Kodak website and through the U.S.A./Canada faxback system.  
The following publications are available from dealers who  
sell Kodak products, or you can contact Kodak in your  
country for more information.  
For the latest version of technical support publications for  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Products, visit Kodak on-line at:  
E-30  
Storage and Care of KODAK Photographic  
If you have questions about KODAK PROFESSIONAL  
Products,  
Materials—Before and After Processing  
F-2  
Pathways to Black and White  
call Kodak.  
E103BF KODAK PROFESSIONAL Black-and-White Films  
In the U.S.A.:  
E103CF Chemicals for KODAK PROFESSIONAL  
1-800-242-2424, Ext. 19, Monday–Friday  
9 a.m.–7 p.m. (Eastern time)  
In Canada:  
Black-and-White Films  
1-800-465-6325, Monday–Friday  
8 a.m.–5 p.m. (Eastern time)  
Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication for use  
with KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical Pan Film are  
available from dealers who supply KODAK PROFESSIONAL  
Products. You can use other materials, but you may not obtain  
similar results.  
Minor Revision 6-03  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Technical  
Pan Film  
KODAK Publication No. P-255  
Kodak, D-19, D-76, Dektol, Duraflo, Ektaflo, Estar,  
HC-110, Kodafix, Microdol-X, Photo-Flo, Technidol,  
Printed in U.S.A.  
T-Max, Versamat, and Wratten are trademark  
CAT 817 2785  
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