8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch
ATM OC-3c Module
User’s Guide
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Logging On 7-3
4
PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER
Logging Off 7-4
Planning Your Network 4-1
ATM Configuration Rules 4-2
Extending VLANs Through the ATM Network 4-2
ATM Connections Within Your Network 4-3
8
MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
Configuring an ATM Port 8-2
Extending VLANs into the ATM Network 8-4
Displaying all VLANs 8-5
5
6
NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES
ATM Backbone in the Building 5-1
Campus Configuration 5-2
ATM Port Setup 8-6
Mapping Far End MAC Addresses 8-8
Creating a MAC Address to ATM Entry 8-9
Finding an Address Entry 8-10
Updating Address Entries 8-10
Deleting an Address Entry 8-10
Finding an ATM Connection 8-11
Updating Address Entries 8-11
Setting Up Resilient Links 8-11
Upgrading Software 8-12
Making a Building Resilient to Network Failure 5-4
INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE
Following Safety Information 6-1
Pre-installation Procedure 6-3
Check the Power Supply 6-3
Installation 6-4
Connecting a cable to the ATM Port 6-5
Powering Up the Switch 6-5
Power On Self Test (POST) 6-5
Post-Installation Checks 6-5
LED Summary 6-6
Error Messages 8-13
Status Messages 8-14
9
MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
Checking the Power Supply 6-7
Checking the Physical Connections 6-7
Statistics Overview 9-2
ATM Port Statistics 9-3
ATM VLAN LEC Status 9-5
ATM Physical Layer Statistics 9-10
Using Physical Layer Statistics to Troubleshoot 9-12
7
ACCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES
Screen Map 7-1
Keyboard Shortcuts 7-1
Correcting Text Entry 7-1
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A
F
NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES
Safety Notices A-1
Trademarks F-1
World Trade Safety Information A-1
Statement of Limited Warranty F-2
Production Status F-2
The IBM Warranty for Machines F-2
Warranty Service F-3
B
C
SCREEN ACCESS RIGHTS
Extent of Warranty F-3
ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Limitation of Liability F-4
Electronic Emission Notices F-5
Environmental Specifications C-1
ATM Cable Specification C-1
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
F-5
Does the Cable Provide Sufficient Bandwidth? C-2
Canadian Department of Communications (DOC)
Compliance Statement F-5
D
TROUBLESHOOTING
Communications du Canada F-5
How to Use this Guide to Troubleshoot D-1
Using LEDs D-2
European Union (EU) Statement F-6
Identifying the Problem D-3
Japanese Voluntary Control Council for Interference
(VCCI) Statement Class B F-7
ELAN Configuration Problems D-15
Solving Known Problems D-17
Power Supply Problems D-18
Power On Self Test (POST) Failure D-19
Cable Connection Problems D-20
ATM Problems D-21
Korean Communications Statement F-7
Information To The User F-7
GLOSSARY
VLAN or ELAN Problems D-22
Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors D-24
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 1
LAN Emulation (LANE) 1
E
TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICE
Electronic Support E-1
WWW E-1
INDEX
FTP E-1
IBM Bulletin Board System E-1
Voice Support E-1
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ABOUT THIS GUIDE
The device into which the ATM Module is fitted, is
known simply as the Switch. An example of a Switch
is the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch
Model 624.
Introduction
This guide provides the information that you need to
install and configure the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet
LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module (agent software
version 1.05) within an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet
LAN switch which has version 3.1 agent software
installed.
This type of Switch is often referred to as an
edge-device, edge-switch or boundary switch.
The term ATM Switch is used to identify the ATM
This guide is intended for use by network administrators
who are responsible for installing and setting up
networking equipment. It assumes a basic working
knowledge of Local Area Networks.
device to which the edge-switch is connected.
Switches in IBM’s 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch
device range provide support for the ATM Module.
This guide explains Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
and LAN Emulation (LANE) concepts, and provides a
Bibliography for further reading.
ATM Terminology
This user guide uses the term Network-To-Network
Interface (NNI). You may know this protocol by its
alternative name, Network-to-Node Interface (NNI).
Additional ATM definitions can be found in the
Glossary at the end of this guide.
The Release Notes shipped with the ATM Module may
contain information that updates or overrides
information in this guide. You should always follow
the information in the Release Notes if it is different
from the information given in this guide.
Terminology
In this User’s Guide the term ATM Module is used when
referring to the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch
ATM OC-3c Module.
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2
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
Finding Information in This Guide
Conventions
The following table shows you where to find specific
information within this guide.
Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used
throughout this guide.
Table 1 Notice Icons
Task
Location
Icon
Notice Type
Alerts you to...
Learning
concepts
Chapter 1, ‘Features and Benefits”
Chapter 2, ‘Network Layer Concepts”
Chapter 3, ‘Virtual LAN Concepts”
Information
note
Important features or instructions
Planning your
network
Chapter 1, ‘Features and Benefits”
ATTENTION
Risk of system damage or data loss
Chapter 4, ‘Putting Your ATM Network Together”
Conditions or procedures that can cause
personal injury that is neither lethal nor
extremely hazardous
Upgrading
Software
Installing the
ATM Module
Chapter 6, ‘Installing and Setting Up the Module”
Appendix A, ‘Safety Information”
DANGER
Conditions or procedures that can result in
death or severe personal injury
Accessing screens Chapter 7, ‘Accessing Management Features”
Appendix B, ‘Screen Access Rights”
Table 2 Text Conventions
Managing
the ATM Module
Chapter 8, ‘Managing the ATM Module”
Chapter 9, ‘Monitoring the ATM Module”
Appendix D, ‘Troubleshooting”
Convention
Description
Monitoring
the ATM Module
Screen
display
This typeface represents information as it appears on
the screen.
Troubleshooting
The words
“Enter” and
“Type”
The word “enter” means type something and then
press the Return or Enter key. Do not press the Return
or Enter key when an instruction simply says “type.”
Getting Technical Appendix E, ‘Technical Support and Service”
Support
Identifying terms ‘Glossary”
[Key] names
Key names appear in text in one of two ways:
Further reading
‘Bibliography”
■
Referred to by their labels, such as “the Return
key” or “the Escape key”.
■
Enclosed within brackets, such as [Return] or [Esc].
If you must press two or more keys simultaneously,
the key names are linked with a plus sign (+). For
example: Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].
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Related Documentation
3
Table 2 Text Conventions (continued)
Convention
Description
Words in
Italics
Italics emphasize a point or denote new terms at the
place where they are defined in the text.
Words in
Bold text denotes key features.
bold
Related Documentation
The ATM OC-3c Module documetation set includes:
■ IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c
Module Quick Reference Guide.
Part Number 02L1333
■ IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c
Module Release Notes.
Part Number 02L1334
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4
ABOUT THIS GUIDE
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FEATURES AND BENEFITS
1
This chapter describes the main features of the IBM
8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c
Module and the benefits of ATM within your
network.
ATM Benefits
ATM is the only technology specifically designed to
carry voice, video and data traffic simultaneously and
to provide the required level of service that these
different applications need in order to run effectively
across a network. ATM provides the following
benefits:
The ATM Module provides a high-speed ATM
connection between your IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet
LAN Switch and the ATM network.
■ It is easy and low cost to add additional services to
Positioned within a workgroup or departmental LAN,
the ATM Module provides a fast ATM downlink to the
building or ATM campus.
the ATM network.
■ Services can be added as and when they are
needed. It is easier to scale ATM networks
compared to other network technologies.
Resilient links protect your Switch from network and
equipment failure, while the software upgrade
feature future-proofs your Switch by allowing you to
add new features as they become available.
■ ATM devices interoperate with your existing
network. LAN Emulation (LANE) is a standards
based technology specifically designed to provide
interoperability between existing Ethernet/Fast
Ethernet networks and ATM networks. LANE
allows users to interoperate with ATM or
traditional LAN based servers over ATM for higher
performance and functionality.
Additional features are provided by the Switch, and
you should refer to the guide that accompanies your
Switch for more details. The Release Notes that
accompany the ATM Module list the IBM 8271 Nways
Ethernet LAN Switches that support the ATM Module.
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1-2
CHAPTER 1: FEATURES AND BENEFITS
■
High performance with fast data transfer
ATM Module Features
Wire Rate Transmission
■
on ATM port
The following list summarizes the ATM Module
features. These features are described in more detail
in this guide.
■
Low Latency (68 microseconds when using
Store and Forward traffic management between
ATM and Ethernet components)
■
Conforms to ATM Forum Standards
■
Resilient Links protect your network against cable
and equipment failure
■
OC-3c 155Mbps Interface
■
SONET (STS 3c) and SDH (STM-1) compliant
Multi-mode Fiber, SC connectors
■
■
SNMP management
■
Telnet and local management (using VT100
screens)
■ LAN Emulation (LANE)
version 1.0
16 Emulated LAN Clients
■
■
■
Cabling and environmental specifications are listed in
Appendix C, ‘ATM Module Technical Specifications”.
512 Virtual Circuits
1024 remote MAC Addresses
■ User-To-Network Interface (UNI)
version 3.0 and 3.1
■ Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)
■
AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer
■
16 Virtual LANs (VLANs)
■
RMON per Emulated LAN. RMON Groups supported:
■
■
■
■
Alarms
Events
Statistics
History
■
Data buffer to store 40,000 ATM cells
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NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
2
This guide contains several chapters that describe the
basic concepts behind ATM technology, and
integrating ATM into your existing network:
Each of the layers in discussed in turn; starting with
the Upper Layer and working down to the Physical
Layer.
■ This chapter describes some of the concepts
behind the network layer architecture of a typical
ATM network.
■ Chapter 3, “Virtual LAN Concepts” describes how
network.
■ Chapter 4, “Putting Your ATM Network Together”
describes how to plan your ATM network.
■ Chapter 5, “Network Configuration Examples”
provides some examples of how you can use the
If you are already familiar with these concepts, refer
to Chapter 6, “Installing and Setting Up the Module”.
If you have read the concepts chapters and still
require a more in-depth explanation, refer to the
technical publications listed in the Bibliography.
The Layered Netw ork Architecture
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is only part of a
layered network architecture. This architecture is
shown in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1 Network Layer Architecture
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2-2
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
Traffic from one ELAN is not seen on another ELAN, as
they are logically separate broadcast domains. If devices
from different ELANs need to communicate with each
other, they must do so using an ATM router.
Upper Layer Protocols
Upper Layer
The
is the layer in the network architecture
that relates to user applications and service requests.
For example, an application could be file transfer
software, and the service request could be a request to
transfer a file from a user’s PC to a shared file server.
LAN emulation software is contained within ATM
devices which can be added to your existing network.
LANE allows you to add ATM to your network
without having to replace or upgrade the whole of
your underlying technology. LANE allows you to do
this because it is completely transparent to the ATM
network and to the traditional LAN network,
end-users, operating systems and applications.
User data and control information is passed down the
network layers in the source device, and passed up
the layers at the destination device.
What is LAN Emulation (LANE)?
LAN Emulation (LANE)
Token Ring, and other traditional LAN networks, to
communicate with each other over an ATM network.
allows users on Ethernet,
LAN Emulation allows users on traditional LANs to
communicate over ATM by performing the following
tasks:
LANE emulates the broadcast nature of traditional
LANs. Each LANE broadcast domain is known as an
■
Emulates the broadcast nature of LANs.
■
Maps MAC addresses to ATM addresses.
Emulated LAN (ELAN)
.
■
Maps upper layer connection-less technologies to
Each ELAN can only carry one type of traffic. For
example, an ELAN could carry either Ethernet frames
or Token Ring frames, but not both.
connection-oriented
the
ATM network.
Although LAN Emulation emulates a range of
network technologies, all examples in this guide are
be based on an Ethernet network.
There can be several ELANs on a single ATM network.
Some of these ELANs could be carrying Ethernet
traffic and others could be carrying Token Ring traffic.
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What is LAN Emulation (LANE)?
2-3
Broadcast and Unknow n Server (BUS)
LAN Emulation Components
Each Emulated LAN (ELAN) is composed of a set of
LAN Emulation components. This section describes
each of these components.
Each ELAN has a Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS).
The BUS forwards frames that it receives from any
client to all of the clients in the ELAN. The BUS is used
to forward broadcast and multicast frames so that they
are flooded throughout the ELAN. The BUS also floods
unicast frames if the location of the destination MAC
address is unknown.
LAN Emulation Client (LEC)
Each ATM device has a number of LAN Emulation
clients. Each LAN Emulation Client (LEC) is responsible
for taking Ethernet frames and passing them through
the ATM network to the LEC serving the destination
address. The destination LEC is responsible for receiving
the frame from the ATM network and passing it to the
local Ethernet network, where it can be delivered to the
destination address.
LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS)
The LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS) is an
optional component, and is not essential for the
normal running of an ELAN.
The LECS stores the names of all the ELANs that have
been set up on the ATM network, and the address of
the LAN Emulation Server (LES) that serves each of
these ELANs.
LAN Emulation Server (LES)
Each LAN Emulation Server (LES) controls a single
Emulated LAN (ELAN). The purpose of the LES is to
store address and control information for the ELAN it
is serving, and to pass this information onto the
clients and other components within the ELAN.
If there is an LECS on the network, any client can
interrogate the LECS to find the address of the server
associated with the ELAN they wish to join. The
clients may also get ELAN configuration information
from the LECS.
The LES, therefore, needs to know the address of
every client and component in the ELAN.
If a LECS is not present on the ATM network, the server
address to be used by the client must be specified using
the management software on that client’s ATM device.
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2-4
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
The router shown in Figure 2-2 is not a LAN
Emulation component, but would be required should
a device on one Emulated LAN need to communicate
with a device on another Emulated LAN.
LAN Emulation Components in Your Netw ork
LANE Service
Each Emulated LAN consists of a single
,
and a number of LAN Emulation clients.
A LANE Service consists of:
You may wish to have more than one LECS on your
network for security reasons. For example, you may
wish the Finance department to be controlled by one
LECS and the rest of your network to be controlled by
a different LECS.
■
■
■
LAN Emulation Server (LES)
A
Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS)
A
LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS)
Optional
.
Figure 2-2 shows a logical view of a typical ELAN.
LAN Emulation and IBM Devices
LAN Emulation components are implemented in ATM
devices. The LAN Emulation standards (referenced in
the Bibliography) do not specify how each vendor
implements each of these components.
Figure 2-2 LAN Emulation Components
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What is LAN Emulation (LANE)?
2-5
Locating the LECS
Joining the ELAN
Before a LAN Emulation Client (LEC) can transmit any
Before the LEC can ask the LECS for the address of
the LES, the LEC must first locate the LECS. There are
three ways in which the LEC can locate the LECS, and
the LEC tries these methods in the following order:
Ethernet frames onto the ATM network it must first
join an ELAN. To join the ELAN:
1
2
The LEC must know the name of the ELAN it is to
join.
■ The LEC can ask the adjacent ATM Switch using
the Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI).
The ELAN name is specified through the management
software on the Switch.
■ The LEC can use a well known ATM address that is
reserved for the LECS. The well known address is
pre-programmed into most LECS devices. The well
known address is:
The LEC must communicate w ith the LAN
Emulation Server (LES) that is serving that ELAN.
47007900000000000000000000:00A03E000001:00
To communicate with the LES, the LEC must first
locate the LES. The LEC can find the ATM address of
the LES in one of the following ways:
■ The LEC can use a reserved Permanent Virtual
Circuit (PVC) which the ATM Switch has already
routed to the LECS. The reserved PVC is
VPI 0, VCI 17.
■ If there is a LAN Emulation Configuration Server
(LECS) on the network, the LEC gets the address of
the LES from the LECS.
The way in which the LECS determines which LES
the LEC needs to communicate with, depends on
the policy that the LECS is running. Refer to the
user guide that accompanies your LECS for more
details of the policies your LECS uses.
■ If the network does not have a LECS, the LEC gets
the LES address from the management software
on the ATM device.
3
The LEC must have a connection to the
Broadcast and Unknow n Server (BUS).
When the LEC has joined the LES, the LES helps the
LEC locate the Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS)
associated with that ELAN.
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2-6
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
Address Resolution
Mapping Ethernet and ATM Addresses
Each device connected to an Ethernet port has one or
more MAC addresses.
The process by which a LEC associates a LAN
destination address with the ATM address of another
Address Resolution
LEC (or the BUS) is known as
.
Each ATM device has a number of LAN Emulation
LAN Emulation Client (LEC)
clients, and each
has an
ARP Table
Each LEC keeps a LAN Emulation
(which
ATM address. An example of this is shown in Figure 2-3.
.
should not to be confused with the IP ARP Table) The
ARP Table lists the remote destination MAC addresses
and the ATM address of the LEC though which each
destination MAC address can be reached.
Prior to sending a frame with a known destination,
the LEC checks the ARP Table to see if the destination
MAC address of the frame is listed in the ARP Table.
The action the LEC then takes depends on whether
the MAC address is listed in the ARP Table:
■
If the destination MAC address is listed in the
ARP Table:
■
■
and there is an ATM connection to that LEC, the
frame is sent directly to that LEC.
and an ATM connection has not already been
set up, the LEC sets up an ATM connection.
Figure 2-3 LAN Emulation Clients and Ethernet Hosts
These clients represent (act as a proxy) for devices
connected to the Ethernet ports.
■
If the destination MAC address is not listed in
the ARP Table, the LEC sends the frame to the
BUS. The BUS then sends the frame to all LECs on
the Emulated LAN.
Whenever an Ethernet device wants to communicate
with another device over the ATM network, the LEC
must first discover the ATM address of the LEC that is
acting as a proxy for the destination MAC address.
The LEC must do this for each unicast Ethernet frame
Sending a frame to every LEC is an inefficient use
of resources, so the LEC also tries to locate the
MAC address for future use.
Address Resolution.
sent. The process is known as
To discover the correct address, the LEC uses a
LAN Emulation Address Resolution
process called
Protocol (LE_ARP)
.
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What is LAN Emulation (LANE)?
2-7
In addition the sending LEC attempts to locate the
LEC serving the destination address. It does this
using the LE_ARP process, described in “LAN
Emulation Address Resolution Protocol (LE_ARP)”.
LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol
(LE_ARP)
An LE_ARP request is sent to the LES to locate the
destination MAC address. The LES in turn sends the
LE_ARP request to all of the LECs in the Emulated LAN.
What Happens to Broadcast and Multicast Frames?
LECs represent (act as a proxy) for MAC address
devices connected to the Ethernet ports. When a LEC
receives an LE_ARP request it checks whether the
MAC address is on its Switch. It does this by checking
the entries in the Switch database.
Each Emulated LAN (ELAN) acts as a broadcast
domain. When a broadcast or multicast frame is
passed to the LEC for transmission, the frame is sent
to the Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS).
When the LEC receives a broadcast, multicast, or
unicast frame it checks to see if it originally sent the
frame, and then does the following:
If the MAC address belongs to one of the devices
connected to an Ethernet port, the LEC sends an
LE_ARP response to the LEC that sent the original
LE_ARP request.
■ If the LEC sent the frame, it discards the frame.
■ If the LEC did not send the frame, the LEC passes
the frame to the Ethernet device so that it can be
forwarded to the appropriate port(s).
The LEC that sent the LE_ARP request adds this
information to its ARP Table. The LEC then sets up a
direct connection through the ATM network to the
appropriate LEC, so that subsequent frames are
forwarded more efficiently.
Unlike broadcast and multicast frames, the number of
unicast frames that can be sent to the BUS every
second is limited so as not to overload the BUS and
LECs with too much traffic.
What Happens to Unicast Frames?
The path a unicast frame takes through the ATM
network depends on whether the location of the
destination address is known to the sending LEC.
■
If the location of the destination address is
, the LEC sets up a direct connection to the
know n
LEC serving the destination address.
■
If the location of the destination address is
, a unicast frame is sent to the Broadcast
unknow n
and Unknown Server (BUS); where it is treated in
the same way as a broadcast or multicast frame.
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2-8
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
oriented transmission protocol that has the following
features:
is a connection-
Ethernet frames can be between 64 and 1514 bytes
cells
in length. ATM transmits data in fixed length
Each cell contains 48 bytes of user data. The
.
ATM
Adaptation Layer (AAL)
Ethernet and ATM formats.
■ ATM uses the Signalling Protocol (Q.2931) to
dynamically create, maintain and clear ATM
connections between end-systems.
converts data between the
Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR)
The AAL has a
■
cells
, and
ATM uses fixed length packets known as
sub-layer that does the conversion.
each cell identifies the connection to be used.
In the sending device the LEC passes the Ethernet
frames to the SAR. The SAR converts the user data
into fixed length cells, and passes these cells to the
ATM Layer for transmission across the ATM network.
■
ATM is transparent to the multiple services it
supports and can carry cells from different
applications over the same physical connection.
■
ATM has well-defined user and network interfaces.
In the receiving device, the SAR converts the ATM
cells back into the appropriate user data again, and
passes this data to the LEC.
ATM is Cell-based
ATM uses fixed length packets called
cell header
cells
. The cell header
. The first
five bytes of the cell is the
As ATM can carry different traffic types (for example,
voice, video, and other data), several Adaptation
Layer protocols have been defined. These protocols
operate simultaneously within the Adaptation Layer,
and allow the ATM Layer to support different
applications and traffic types.
contains the information necessary to deliver the cell
to the correct destination.
Fixed-length cells offer smaller and more predictable
switching delays, because cell switching is less
complex than variable-length packet switching.
The IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM
OC-3c Module uses the AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer
protocol, which is a data-oriented protocol. The ATM
Module will only work with other AAL5 devices.
Having all the data in the same cell format also
dramatically increases the speed of transmission, by
eliminating the need for protocol recognition and
decoding. A good analogy is containerized shipping,
where uniform shape and weight containers with
standardized labelling, ease and speed up processing.
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer
2-9
ATM is Service Transparent
ATM is Connection-oriented
ATM allows for the high speed transfer of a wide range
of user traffic, including voice, video and other data.
ATM is a connection-oriented transport service that
requires a communication channel to be set up
between the ATM source and destination end-systems
before ATM cells can pass between them.
The cell format means that more than one service
(traffic type) can be multiplexed over the same
physical line, see Figure 2-4.
Before a direct data connection can be set up
between two end-systems, a number of control
connections are set up. These control connections are
beyond the scope of this guide. If you require further
information about control connections, refer to the
ATM Forum’s “LAN Emulation Over ATM” document.
Figure 2-5 shows the logical structure of a
communication channel.
Figure 2-4 Service Processing
Cells are de-multiplexed at the other end of the
connection and forwarded to the correct service
destination.
Figure 2-5 Communication Channels
Several communication channels can operate over the
same physical link. Each Virtual Path Connection (VPC)
contains several communication channels known as
Virtual Channel Connections (VCCs).
Multi-service processing promotes scalability by
significantly reducing the number of changes needed
to add new service traffic types to your network.
The ATM Module only manages Virtual Channel
Connections (VCC).
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2-10
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
A VCC is defined as spanning end-to-end, whereas a
Virtual Channel (VC)
is the name given to a section of
the VCC, refer to Figure 2-6.
Figure 2-7 on page 2-11 shows how ATM cells are
switched through the ATM network using the VPI/VCI
values.
Instead of containing the ATM address of the final
destination device, each cell header contains the
VPI/VCI values associated with the virtual channel it is
going to take to get to the next ATM Switch in the
connection.
Each ATM switch knows that when it receives a cell
with a particular VPI/VCI value on one port that it must
transmit the cell on another port with another VPI/VCI.
Cells are switched through the network based on
these VPI/VCI values, and switching is performed
independently for every cell. Each cell can be thought
of as taking a virtual channel connection.
Many virtual channels can exist on the same physical
link. Each virtual channel is identified by a pair of
numbers:
The VPI/VCI values are only meaningful in the context
of that user-to-switch, or switch-to-switch, interface.
Identical VPI/VCI values can exist on different
interfaces within the network.
■
Virtual Path Identifier (VPI)
The
The
and
Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI)
■
.
Connections that are established dynamically using the
Switched Virtual
Signalling protocol are known as
Any end-system that wishes to communicate with
Circuits (SVCs) Switched Virtual Circuits
.
are described
Signalling
another end-system must first use the
protocol to set up the VCC.
in “Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)” on page 2-12.
ATM connections can also be established via
management, and these type of connections are
Signalling
The
protocol negotiates with each ATM
device between the end-systems to set up a series of
virtual channels. Each of these virtual channels is
identified using the VPI and VCI values.
Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)
known as
.
Permanent Virtual Circuits
are described in
“Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)” on page 2-12.
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2-12
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
Sw itched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)
ATM Interfaces
ATM technology is implemented in ATM edge-devices
and ATM Switches.
SVCs use the signalling protocol to dynamically define
connections as they are needed and to release them
when they are no longer needed.
User-to-Network Interface
ATM provides a
(UNI). The
User-to-Network Interface (UNI) is used to connect an
ATM edge device to an ATM switch that is managed
as part of the same network.
SVCs use signalling for:
■
Connections initiated by the user/application.
■
Connections established and dropped dynamically.
Network-to-Network Interface (NNI)
that is typically used to interconnect two ATM switches
managed as part of the same network.
ATM also provides a
■
Varied connection time.
■
Connections not automatically re-established after
network failure.
The ATM Interfaces are shown in Figure 2-8.
Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)
The most basic connection setup requires the
definition of each connection via management. These
type of connections generally remain established for
long periods of time.
PVC attributes include:
■
Connections initiated by network management.
■
Long-term connection duration.
Figure 2-8 ATM Interfaces
■
Automatically re-established after network failure.
■
Supported by MIB or other management entity.
The User-to-Network Interface (UNI) is managed by the
Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)
protocol.
The ATM Module does not support PVCs.
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Layer
2-13
Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)
ATM Address Registration
The ATM Forum produced the Interim Local
In order to establish an ATM connection, both the
user and the network must know the ATM addresses
used at that User-to-Network Interface (UNI). An
example of an ATM address is shown below.
Management Interface (ILMI) to increase monitoring
and diagnostic facilities, and to provide ATM address
registration at the User-to-Network Interface (UNI).
ILMI uses a Management Information Base (MIB) and
the SNMP protocol.
47007900000000000000000000:00A03E000001:00
An ATM address consists of three sections of
information and is 20 bytes in length:
Each device that provides ILMI support contains a
access management information stored in the ILMI
MIB of the adjacent switch, see Figure 2-9.
netw ork:host:identifier
Where
is a network prefix assigned to the
netw ork
device by the ATM Switch, and is 13 bytes long.
Where
is the edge-device identifier, and is 6
host
bytes long.
Where
identifies the client within the
identifier
edge-device, and is 1 byte long.
Figure 2-9 UNI Management Entities
ILMI provides a mechanism for the edge-device (in
this case the ATM Module) to inform the ATM Switch
of the addresses it represents.
When the ATM Module initializes, the ATM Switch
sends a network prefix to the ATM Module. The ATM
Module then tries to register itself with the ATM
Switch by attaching the prefix to the front of its MAC
address, and an identifier to the end of the address. It
then sends this back to the ATM switch. If acceptable,
the ATM Switch registers the address as the ATM
Module’s ATM address.
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2-14
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
The ATM cell header consists of the following fields:
The ATM Layer and Cell Structure
This section describes the cell structure, and how the
ATM Layer uses the information stored in the cell
header to perform each of its tasks.
Generic Flow Control (GFC) — Provides local
functions, such as flow control over the
User-to Network Interface (UNI)
. The value encoded in
The ATM Layer’s primary responsibility is to manage
the sending and receiving of cells between the user
and the network.
the GFC is not carried end-to-end and can be
overwritten by the ATM Switch.
Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel
Identifier (VCI) — The VPI/VCI values allow the
network to associate a cell with a given connection,
so that the cell can be switched to its destination.
The ATM Layer accepts the user data and control
information from the ATM Adaptation Layer, adds the
cell header, and passes the resulting 53 byte cell to
the physical layer.
Payload Type Identifier (PTI) — The PTI is used to
indicate whether the cell contains user information,
or management information. The management
information is used for resource and network
congestion management.
In addition, it also receives cells from the physical
layer, strips off the cell header and passes the
remaining 48 bytes to the higher layer protocols.
The ATM cell has 48 bytes of payload (information to
be carried) and five bytes of header information,
making the cell 53 bytes in length.
Cell
Cell Loss Priority (CLP) — The purpose of the
Loss Priority (CLP)
bit in the ATM cell is to indicate that
cells with this bit set should be discarded before cells
which do not have the CLP bit set. Cells can be
discarded based on CLP condition and according to
the network load. When the network overloads, a
discard mechanism, based on the value of the CLP bit
in the cell header, may come into operation.
The cell header contains the information used by the
network to forward each cell to its destination. The
ATM cell structure is shown in Figure 2-10.
Header Error Check (HEC) — The HEC field is used
for detecting bit errors in the cell header. It is also
used for cell delineation, defining where the cell
begins in a SONET frame.
Figure 2-10 ATM Cell Structure
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Physical Layer
2-15
SONET STS-3c
Physical Layer
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is the physical
layer most often associated with ATM. SONET provides,
through a framing structure, the mechanism for the
transport of ATM cells. Data can be transferred at
155.52Mbps.
The physical layer is responsible for transmitting and
receiving ATM cells over a physical medium. It is also
responsible for checking the integrity of the bits being
transferred over a physical media, and for making
sure that they are error-free.
SDH STM-1
The ATM Module is compliant with both SONET STS-3c
and SDH STM-1 physical layer standards.
SDH STM-1 is a physical layer similar to the SONET layer,
but with some differences in frame fields. SDH STM-1 is
the physical layer commonly used in Europe.
These standards are similar, and most devices allow
you to use either framing standard on each link in the
ATM network.The same framing standard must be
used at each end of the link.
The physical layer and ATM layers in the network
provide simple performance monitoring functions
between ATM devices; providing basic information
about the health of the link. These functions are
known as “Operation and Maintenance (OAM)”
functions.
Many users prefer to use the same framing standard
throughout their network (for example SONET STS-3c).
The physical layer is sub-divided into:
■
— SONET and SDH are capable of carrying
Path
traffic for a number of uppers layers, and ATM is
only one of those layers. Each upper layer uses its
own Path through the SONET/SDH layer.
■
■
— A line is the whole path between one ATM
device and the adjacent ATM switch or ATM
end-station.
Line
— When ATM is used for telephone
Section
networks, a line may cover a large distance,
requiring optical repeaters to boost the signal
along its way. The part of a line between an optical
repeater and the adjacent repeater or switch is
known as a section.
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2-16
CHAPTER 2: NETWORK LAYER CONCEPTS
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VIRTUAL LAN CONCEPTS
3
This chapter provides a brief overview of
Virtual LAN (VLAN) concepts, and describes how to
Creating Inter-sw itch VLANs
extend VLANs into the ATM network.
You can create inter-switch VLANs using Virtual LAN
Trunks (VLTs) on Fast Ethernet connections, as shown
in Figure 3-1.
This user guide does not describe how to create or
configure VLANs. VLAN configuration is described in
the user guide that accompanies your Switch.
What is a Virtual LAN (VLAN)?
A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a flexible, location and topology
independent group of end-stations communicating as
if they are on a common physical LAN.
You can create VLANs that closely correspond to how
your network and business functions. For example,
marketing personnel in different physical locations
could be part of one VLAN and finance personnel
could be in another VLAN.
VLANs provide the following benefits:
Figure 3-1 Inter-switch VLANs
■ VLANs make moves and changes simple.
■ As each VLAN is a common broadcast domain, you
can erect firewalls against broadcast storms.
■ VLANs improve security.
For a full description of VLAN functionality, refer to
the user guide that accompanies your Switch.
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3-2
CHAPTER 3: VIRTUAL LAN CONCEPTS
Extending VLANs into the ATM Netw ork
You can use LAN Emulation to define and extend
VLANs seamlessly through the ATM network, as
shown in the example in Figure 3-3.
Emulated LAN (ELAN)
Traffic from one
is not seen on
another ELAN as they are logically separate domains.
For this reason, when you plan your network, you
should consider what ELANs you require, and how
the VLANs will map to these ELANs.
The ATM Module has a LEC for each of the Switch’s 16
VLANS, and each VLAN/LEC can be mapped onto an
mapped to an ELAN by a VLAN-to-LEC association. The
mapping of VLANs to ELANs is shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2 VLAN to ELAN Mapping
When an Ethernet device attached to a Switch
generates traffic, the Switch forwards the frames to
the appropriate port.
A unicast frame is only forwarded to a port if the
address of the destination device is known to be on
that port and the destination port is in the same
VLAN as the source port. If a unicast frame is
forwarded to the ATM port, the ATM port uses the
destination MAC address to identify the ATM
connection to use.
A broadcast or multicast frame is forwarded to all
ports in the same VLAN as the source port. If a frame
is received by the ATM port, the ATM port forwards it
to the BUS for the associated VLAN.
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3-4
CHAPTER 3: VIRTUAL LAN CONCEPTS
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PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER
4
This chapter takes you through the process of
planning your network. Topics include:
■ Does your existing ATM netw ork have
sufficient resources?
■ Planning and tracking your network configuration.
■ ATM Configuration Rules.
Consider the capacity of:
Your ATM Switches, and the number of
■
additional connections your ATM device requires.
■ Extending Virtual LANs (VLANs) into the ATM
network.
Your LAN Emulation services, and the number
■
of additional LAN Emulation Clients (LECs) your
ATM edge-device will attempt to join.
■ ATM connection types.
■ Can your ATM devices communicate w ith each
Planning Your Netw ork
other?
Before installing your ATM devices you should spend
some time planning your network structure. This
section lists some of the points you should consider.
Ensure that all of your ATM equipment is using
the same line framing and signalling protocols.
■
Ensure that all inter-switch routes are configured
■
■ Are routes defined w ithin your ATM netw ork
so that your ATM devices can connect to your
LAN Emulation services?
correctly.
■ How do you intend to manage the ATM
netw ork?
Examine your existing network topology and
decide if further configuration is required. In
particular, you should consider the location of your
LAN Emulation services.
Can the network manager communicate with the
ATM devices you wish to manage? Check the
routing tables.
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4-2
CHAPTER 4: PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER
■
■
Does your netw ork meet safety specifications?
Ensure that you have sufficient bandw idth.
You should always follow safety requirements and
ensure that your device environment meets all
technical specifications.
Refer to Appendix C, “ATM Module Technical
Specifications” for more details.
You cannot connect an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet
LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module to another IBM 8271
Nways Ethernet LAN Switch ATM OC-3c Module; this
is due to the signalling requirements used by ATM
and LANE. There must be a standards-based ATM
Switch between the two modules for them to operate
correctly.
For the ATM Module these requirements are specified
in Appendix A. For other devices, refer to the user
guides that accompany those devices.
■
Does your netw ork conform to the ATM
configuration rules?
Make sure that your network meets the configuration
Extending VLANs Through the ATM Netw ork
When setting up VLANs and extending them into the
ATM network you should consider the following:
ATM Configuration Rules
There are several things that you should consider
before configuring your network:
■
What logical netw ork domains, VLANs, do
you w ish to set up?
■
Your cables and equipment must meet all of
the technical specifications.
Emulated LAN (ELAN)
Traffic from one
will not be
seen on another ELAN (unless a router is used), as
they are logically separate domains. For this reason
you should consider:
must conform to the Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF-PMD)
standard defined by ANSI x.3-166-1992.
■
■
■
What ELANs you require.
3Com supports 62.5/125mm multi-mode fiber
(MMF-PMD) cable. The maximum inter-station
distance (including device-to-network connectors)
should not exceed 2km (1.25 miles).
How the VLANs will map to the ELANs.
If you need to route between any of your ELANs.
■
Will you have sufficient ELAN resources?
■
Allow for attenuation (w eakening of signal)
w hen calculating cable lengths.
When calculating the resources you require, you
should consider the number of:
■
ELANs that your LAN Emulation services can
support.
■
VLANs/ELANs that each edge-device can support.
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ATM Connections Within Your Network
4-3
■
■
Virtual circuits required.
Alternatively, if your LEC will not be using a LECS
and is being configured manually, ensure that:
MAC addresses that can be held in the device
LAN Emulation ARP Table.
■
The LES address that the LEC is using has been
correctly entered via the local management
screens.
When a LAN Emulation Client (LEC) joins an ELAN,
up to five control connections may be required
before any data is transferred over a separate data
connection (VCC). Each time a LEC connects to
another LEC a further connection is required. You
should keep this in mind when calculating the
number of connections you require.
■
The LES is active.
For the ATM Module, you can enter these settings
using the Port Configuration screen described in
“Displaying an ATM Connection”, on page 8-10.
The ATM Module provides the following resources:
ATM Connections Within Your Netw ork
■
Up to 16 LECs to extend VLANs into the ATM
network over ELANs.
ATM connections in your ATM network can be
established dynamically by the Signalling protocol
(Switched Virtual Circuit), or through management
(Permanent Virtual Circuit).
■
■
512 Virtual Circuits to/from the ATM network.
1024 remote MAC Addresses.
The ATM Module supports only 16 LECs, but this does
not limit your network to 16 ELANs.
The ATM Module does not support PVC
connections. All ATM Module connections are SVCs.
This network concepts section includes PVC
configuration concepts for completeness.
■
Are the LAN Emulation services configured
correctly?
Is the LAN Emulation service that the LAN Emulation
Client (LEC) is going to join configured correctly?
■
— SVCs are set
Sw itched Virtual Circuits (SVC)
up dynamically by the signalling protocol. SVCs
require very little configuration, and only use the
resources you need. For these reasons, SVCs are
commonly used in the LAN environment.
For example, if your network uses a LAN Emulation
Client Server (LECS), does the LECS know about
the LES, and is the LES active? Have you supplied a
valid ELAN name?
■
— You may
Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC)
need to use a PVC within your network when a
remote edge-device does not support Switched
Virtual Circuits. For example, remote edge-devices
in Wide Area Networks (WANs) often use PVCs.
Configuring the LECS and LES is outside of the scope
of this user guide. Consult the user guide that
accompanies the device implementing the LECS or LES.
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4-4
CHAPTER 4: PUTTING YOUR ATM NETWORK TOGETHER
Figure 4-1 shows an example of a network
configuration where a remote edge-device does
not support LAN Emulation based on SVCs (it only
supports PVC LAN Emulation).
Figure 4-1 SVC Signalling Not Supported in Remote Edge-device
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NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES
5
This chapter provides examples of possible network
configurations using the ATM Module. If you are
Network Together”.
ATM Backbone in the Building
This section gives an example of an ATM backbone
In this case, the Ethernet Switch on each floor is
provided with a high speed (155Mbps) full duplex link
to the backbone. Using ATM as a backbone
technology removes bottlenecks by providing scalable
Ethernet VLANs can be extended into the ATM
network using Emulated LANs (ELANs). Ethernet
packets are then switched between Ethernet to ATM
transparently.
As well as providing a fast switched backbone
between Ethernet LANs, ATM equipped file servers
and services may be directly attached to the ATM
network; giving improved performance to the
Ethernet desktop.
Further advantages are gained in multi-media
Figure 5-1 ATM Backbone in the Building
applications, due to ATM’s built-in quality of service.
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5-2
CHAPTER 5: NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES
Campus Configuration
The section gives an example of ATM within a campus
environment. The diagram shown in Figure 5-2 on
page 5-3 demonstrates a balance between cost and
performance requirements.
Building A shows how you can concentrate IBM
8721 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 612 and
Switch Model 712. All traffic internal to Building A is
switched over Fast Ethernet. In addition, an ATM link
to the campus backbone provides high speed access
to remote services.
Building B shows how you can configure a building
in a cost efficient manner, while retaining connectivity
to the campus ATM network.
Only one ATM Module is required to connect the IBM
8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch Model 624 and
Switch Model 524 devices to the ATM network. This
provides connectivity for 48 Ethernet ports to the ATM
backbone.
Building C shows you a building similar to Building A,
but with additional campus-wide, high performance
access to directly connected ATM servers.
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5-4
CHAPTER 5: NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES
Making a Building Resilient to Network Failure
You can build resilience into your building backbone
as shown in Figure 5-3. The provision of resilient links
protects your network against cable and network
failure by using a main and a standby link. Should the
main link fail, a standby link automatically takes over
the function of the main link.
In this example, the ATM Module fiber link provides
the main link in the resilient link pair, and the Fast
Ethernet fiber or copper link acts as the standby link.
This configuration ensures that all devices have access
to a high-speed backbone connection at all times.
Figure 5-3 Resilient Link Configuration
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INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE
6
Perigo: Antes de instalar ou remover qualquer
componente de um dispositivo, ou executar qualquer
trabalho de manutenção, você deve ler as
informações sobre segurança fornecidas no Apêndice
A, “Informaçõíes de Segurança” deste guia.
Follow ing Safety Information
ATTENTION: Only hold the ATM Module by the
edges to avoid damage from static. Do not touch the
top or bottom of the circuit board.
Fare: Læ s sikkerhedsforskrifterne i tillæ g A,
“SafetyInformation”, i denne vejledning, inden du
installerer ellerafmonterer en enheds komponenter
eller udfører vedligeholdelsesopgaver.
DANGER: Before installing or removing
anycomponents of a device, or carrying out
anymaintenance work, you must read the safety
informationprovided in Appendix A, “Safety
Information” of this guide.
Gevaar: Voordat u onderhoudswerk uitvoertof
componenten van een apparaat installeert of
verwijdert,dient u eerst de veiligheidsvoorschriften te
lezen in Appendix A, “Safety Information” van deze
handleiding.
Danger: Avant d’installer ou de retirer les
composantsd’une unité, ou de procéder à une
opération de maintenance,vous devez prendre
connaissance des consignes de sécurité figurant à
l'annexe A, “Consignes de sécurité” du présent
manuel.
Pericolo: Prima di installare o di rimuovere qualunque
componente di un dispositivo e prima di eseguire
qualunque intervento di manutenzione, bisogna
leggere le informazioni relative alla sicurezza fornite
nell'Appendice A di questaguida.
Achtung: Vor dem Installieren oder Entfernen von
Komponenten einer Einheit, bzw. vor dem Ausführen
von Wartungsarbeiten unbedingt die
Sicherheitshinweise in Anhang A,
“Sicherheitshinweise”, dieses Handbuchs lesen.
Fare: Før du installerer eller fjerner komponenter i en
enhet eller utfører vedlikeholdsarbeid, må du lese
sikkerhetsinformasjonen i Appendix A, “Safety
Information” i denne boken.
Gevaar! Alvorens een component van een apparaat
te installeren of te verwijderen, of alvorens een
onderhoudstaak uit te voeren, moet u de
veiligheidsrichtlijnen lezen in Appendix A, “Safety
Information”, van deze handleiding.
Perigo: Antes de instalar ou remover qualquer
componente de um dispositivo ou de executar
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6-2
CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE
qualquer trabalho de manutenção, deve ler o
conteúdo do Apêndice A, “Informações sobre
Segurança”, deste manual.
Peligro:
Antes de instalar o extraer
cualquiercomponente de un dispositivo, o realizar
cualquier trabajo de mantenimiento, debe leer la
información de seguridad incluída en el Apéndice,
“Información de Seguridad” de esta guía.
FARA:
Lãs avsnittet “Safety Information” i Appendix
A i det här dokumentet innan du utför
underhållsarbete eller installerar/demonterar
komponenter.
VAARA
: Ennen kuin asennat laitteeseen osia tai
irrotat niitä siitä tai teet huoltotoimia, lue tämän
julkaisun liitteessä A, “Safety Information”, olevat
turvaohjeet.
Опасно:
Перед установкой или удалением какого-либо элемента
устройства и проведением технического обслуживания
необходимо ознакомиться с информацией по технике
безопасности, приведенной в Приложении А,
"Информация по технике безопасности".
Nebezpečenstvo:
Pred inštaláciou alebo odobratí ktorej koWvek jednotky, alebo inej
práce spojene s daným zariadením, musíte si prečítaÝ bezpečnostné
predpisy v Appendixe A, "Bezpečnostné predpisy" v tejto knihe.
Nebezpečí:
Před instalací nebo odstraněním libovolné komponenty ze zařízení
nebo před prováděním údržby si musíte přečíst bezpečnostní
informace z této publikace (Appendix A, "Safety Information").
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Device Support
6-3
Device Support
The ATM Module allows you to connect your IBM
8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch to an ATM
network. Switches that support the ATM Module are
listed in the “Release Notes” that accompany your
ATM Module.
Pre-installation Procedure
This section describes the procedures you need to
perform before installing the ATM Module.
Check the Pow er Supply
Before installing the ATM Module ensure that you
have sufficient power supply to power the Switch and
ATM Module. Refer to the Release Notes for details
about power supplies.
.
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6-4
CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE
4
5
Use the guide rails within the Switch slot to align the
ATM Module. The location of the guide rails and the
correct positioning of the ATM Module is shown in
Figure 6-1.
Installation
This section describes how to install the ATM Module
using the example of an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet
LAN Switch Model 624 device. Installation is similar
for all devices compatible with this ATM Module.
Slide the ATM Module into the slot without touching
the top or bottom of the circuit board. Ensure that
the module is pushed fully into the unit.
1
If the Switch is connected to the network, turn off the
power to the switch and disconnect the switch from
the main power supply and the network.
6
7
8
9
Use the thumb screws attached to the ATM Module
to fix the module firmly into place.
2
3
Place the Switch on a flat, clean, hard, working surface.
Connect the Switch to the ATM network as described
in “Connecting a cable to the ATM Port” on page 6-5.
Locate and remove the blanking plate which covers
the ATM Module slot. Retain the blanking plate and
the screws for future use.
Power up the Switch as described in “Powering Up
the Switch” on page 6-5
Refer to the manual which accompanies your Switch
to locate the slot where the ATM Module is located.
Follow the post-installation checks, as described in
“Post-Installation Checks” on page 6-5.
Figure 6-1 Fitting the ATM Module
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Post-Installation Checks
6-5
System timer test.
■
■
■
■
■
Connecting a cable to the ATM Port
1 Ensure that the cable you wish to connect to the port
meets the correct specification. For cable
specifications, refer to “ATM Cable Specification” on
page C-1.
CAM (Contents Addressable Memory) tests.
Console Port tests.
Internal packet forwarding tests.
Switch and ATM Module ASIC (Application
Specific Integrated Circuit) tests.
2 Each end of the fiber cable has a transmit (Tx) and
receive (Rx) connector. Connect the Rx connector to
the port’s Tx socket. Connect the Tx connector to the
port’s Rx socket. Do the same at the other end of the
connection.
Switch and ATM Module ASIC memory tests.
ATM Module interface tests.
■
■
ATM Module packet forwarding tests.
■
Pow ering Up the Sw itch
■
— more extensive testing which
Extended POST
takes between 50 and 225 seconds to complete
and includes all of the Normal POST tests plus more
extensive system memory and ASIC memory tests.
The Switch does not have an On/Off button, so the
only way to power up the Switch is to connect it to
the main power supply using a power cable.
When a new Switch is powered-up for the first time, it
performs a Normal POST, which is the default setting.
Connecting a power supply and safety information is
described in the user guide that accompanies your
Switch.
If you suspect that there is a problem with your device
which has not been detected by the Normal POST, run
the Extended POST. Configuring POST is described in
the user guide that accompanies your Switch.
Pow er On Self Test (POST)
enter a Power On Self Test (POST). The type of tests
performed depend on how POST has been configured
for the Switch. Two types of POST are available:
The LEDs used to indicate POST failure and other
post-installation checks are described in
“Post-Installation Checks”.
■
— a basic confidence check which
Normal POST
takes between 10 and 20 seconds to complete, and
includes:
Post-Installation Checks
Checksum tests of boot and system areas of
■
This section describes the LEDs and basic checks that
you can use to verify your installation, and to ensure
that the Switch and ATM Module are operating
correctly.
Flash memory.
System memory tests.
■
MAC address verification test.
■
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6-6
CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE
LED Summary
This section describes the LEDs that provide status
Table 6-2 LEDs on the ATM Module
and troubleshooting information. Table 6-1 lists the
Switch LEDs, and Table 6-2 lists ATM Module LEDs.
LED Name
Color/State
Green
Indicates
Far End Status
(On ATM Module)
The ATM Switch has not
detected an error on the ATM
Module’s transmit link.
Table 6-1 LEDs on the Switch
LED Name
Color/State Indicates
The ATM Switch at the far end
of the connection has detected a
problem with the ATM Module’s
MGMT
(On the front of
the Switch)
Green
Switch and ATM Module are
OFF
(and Link
operating normally.
Status LED is transmit connection, and
Green
Switch or ATM Module is either
Green)
notified the ATM Module. For
example, the transmit half of the
ATM Module’s cable has been
disconnected at either the ATM
Module end or ATM Switch end
of the connection.
downloading software or initializing,
(which includes a Power On Self Test).
Yellow
Switch has failed its Power On Self
Test (POST)
Yellow
flashing
ATM Module failed its Power On Self
Test (POST).
The cable between the ATM
Module and ATM Switch has
been disconnected.
OFF
(and Link
Status LED is
OFF)
OFF
No power to the Switch.
Module
Green
ATM port enabled; link present.
(On the front of
the Switch)
Link Status
(On ATM Module)
Green
A link is present on the ATM
port, and the port is receiving
valid SONET frames.
Green
flashing
ATM port disabled; link present.
Green
(long on,
short off)
This LED will flash until all configured
LECs have successfully joined their
ELANs.
OFF
The Link is not present on the
ATM Port.
TX
Yellow
The ATM port is transmitting
Ethernet, LANE, Signalling or
control frames.
Yellow
ATM agent software is not installed
correctly, or the ATM Module has
failed its POST (if the MGMT LED is
flashing yellow).
(On ATM Module)
OFF
The ATM port is not
transmitting cells.
Yellow
flashing
Switch has not recognized the ATM
Module.
RX
Yellow
The ATM port is receiving data
cells.
(On ATM Module)
OFF
The ATM Module is not installed, or a
link is not present on the ATM port,
or the ATM Switch is not on.
OFF
The ATM port is not receiving
incoming cells.
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Post-Installation Checks
6-7
If the ATM CONFIGURATION option does not appear:
Checking the Pow er Supply
Check the MGMT LED on the Switch. If the MGMT
LED is not lit there is a power supply problem. Try the
following troubleshooting procedures:
■ You may have an incompatible version of the
software. Refer to the “Release Notes” for details
of which version of the software should be
downloaded.
1 Check that the power supply is plugged into the
device, using a power outlet that is known to be
working.
■ It could be that the ATM Module is still initializing.
If the ATM Module is still initializing, the MGMT
LED flashes green.
2 Check that the main power supply switch on the wall
is set to the ON position.
3 Check and if necessary change the fuse on the Switch
or plug, and then power-up the Switch. Refer to the
user guide that accompanies your Switch for details
about fuses and safety instructions.
This section assumes that the ATM Module is correctly
installed.
Check that the Link Status and Far End Status LEDs on
the ATM Module are lit green. If one or both of the
connection. Follow the troubleshooting information
below:
4 Replace the power cable with a cable known to be
working, and power-up the Switch.
5 Contact Technical Support. Refer to Appendix E.
Checking that the ATM Module is Installed Correctly
1 Ensure that both devices are powered-up, and that
Power up the Switch and check that the Module LED
(or Downlink Status LED) on the front of the Switch is
lit green.
the ports at both ends of the link are enabled.
2 Ensure that the cable is securely connected to the
port at both ends of the link.
If the MGMT LED is not lit green, you should remove
and then re-install the ATM module.
3 Check each end of the cable to ensure that each of
the fiber connectors is correctly connected. If your
cable connectors can be reversed, you may need to
reverse the TX and RX cable connectors at one end of
the link.
You can confirm that the ATM Module is installed
correctly by accessing the local management screens, as
described in “Logging On” on page 7-3. If the ATM
Module is installed correctly, the ATM CONFIGURATION
option appears in the Main Menu.
Some cable connectors have been designed so that
they cannot be fitted incorrectly. Never use excessive
force to connect cables.
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6-8
CHAPTER 6: INSTALLING AND SETTING UP THE MODULE
4
5
Remove any objects obstructing the cable and
straighten out any kinks in the cable.
If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is dirty,
refer to “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors” on
page D-24.
6
7
8
Check that your cable meets the specifications
again.
Contact IBM Technical Support; refer to Appendix E.
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ACCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES
7
The menu-driven user interface built into the device is
known as the VT100 or Local Management interface.
The VT100 management interface has a forms-based
structure with pre-defined security levels, enabling
access to be restricted to particular users.
Correcting Text Entry
Use [Delete] on a VT100 terminal or [Backspace] on a
PC. This moves the cursor one space to the left and
deletes a character.
Accessing and navigating the local screens is
described in the manual which accompanies your IBM
8271 Nways Ethernet LAN switch.
If you are using Telnet or a terminal emulation
program you may find that some of the Control keys
do not operate or that they activate other functions.
Check carefully in the manual accompanying your
Telnet or terminal emulation software before using
the Control keys.
Screen Map
Figure 7-1 on page 7-2 provides a map of available
local management screens. The screens shaded gray
appear when the ATM Module is installed. If these
screens do not appear, your ATM Module is not
installed correctly.
Keyboard Shortcuts
There are several special characters or combinations
of keyboard characters that allow you to navigate
within the screens.
[Ctrl] + [K] displays a list of the available key strokes.
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Logging On
7-3
If your terminal is already setup with these values, the
Main Banner will appear as soon as power-up is
complete.
Logging On
1 Connect your terminal to the Console port using a
cross-over cable for a serial line connection.
3 At the Main Banner, press [Return] to display the
Logon screen, as shown in Figure 7-3.
2 At your terminal, press [Return] two or more times
until the Main Banner is displayed, as shown in
Figure 7-2.
Figure 7-3 Logon Screen
Figure 7-2 Main Banner
4 Type in your user name and password. Note that they
are both case-sensitive:
The Console port will automatically detect the
line-speed (baud rate), and use the following default
settings:
■ If you are logging on for the first time (after
installation or initialization), use a default user
name and password to match your access
requirements. We recommend that you use the
default user security so that you can access all
functions. The default users are shown in Table 7-1
on page 7-4.
■ auto-baud
■ 8 character size (data bits)
■ 1 stop bit
■ no parity
■ If you have been assigned a user name, access level
and password, type in these details.
Character size, stop bit, flow control, and parity
values cannot be changed.
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7-4
CHAPTER 7: ACCESSING MANAGEMENT FEATURES
Table 7-1 Default Users
Logging Off
User Name
Default
Passw ord
Access Level
When you have finished using the facility, select the
LOGOFF option from the bottom of the Main Menu.
If you accessed the facility using a Telnet session or
modem, the connection will be closed automatically.
monitor
monitor
monitor — this user can view, but
not change settings on the screens
they can access.
manager
manager
manager — this user can view and
change the operational parameters
(but not the special/security
features) on the screens they can
access.
security
admin
security
security — this user can view and
change all manageable parameters
on the screens they can access.
(no password) security — this user can view and
change all manageable parameters
on the screens they can access.
Figure 7-4 Main Screen
To find out which ATM screens can be accessed for
each of the security levels, refer to Appendix B,
“Screen Access Rights”.
Automatic Logout
There is a built-in security timeout on the VT100
For access rights to Switch screens, see the user guide
that accompanies your Switch.
interface. If you do not press any keys for three
minutes, a message warns you that the inactivity
timer is about to expire. If you do not press a key
within 10 seconds, the timer will expire and the
screen will be locked; any displayed statistics will
continue to be updated. When you next press any
key, the display changes to the Auto Logout screen.
When you have logged on, the Main Menu screen is
displayed, as shown in Figure 7-4.
The Auto Logout screen asks you to enter your
password again. If the password is correctly entered,
the screen that was active when the timer expired is
re-displayed. If you make a mistake entering your
password, you are returned to the Logon screen.
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MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
8
Module. If you wish to view statistics, refer to Chapter
9, “Monitoring the ATM Module”.
Figure 8-1 shows the screen map. Management
features are shown in gray to help you locate the
screen you need.
Figure 8-1 Management Screen Map
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8-2
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
Configuring an ATM Port
The ATM Module Configuration Screen shows the
settings and standards used by the ATM Module to
communicate with other devices on the ATM
network.
It is unlikely that you will need to change the value of
these settings once they have been set.
ATTENTION: If you need to change the value of any
of the settings, you may experience a temporary loss
of communication while the device resets. If you do
not need to make any changes, select the CANCEL
button and not the OK button. Selecting the OK
button resets the device.
Figure 8-2 ATM Module Configuration Screen
Ensure that the ATM Module and the ATM Switch it is
connected to are set up to use the same signalling
and SONET/SDH standards. The two devices should
MAX VPI Bits and MAX VCI Bits. If the devices do not
use the same standards, they cannot communicate
with each other.
The ATM Module Configuration screen can be
accessed from the Main Menu or from the ATM Port
Setup screen:
■
Select the ATM CONFIGURATION option from the
Main Menu.
■
Alternatively, if you are already in the ATM Port
Setup Screen, as described in “ATM Port Setup” on
page 8-6, you can select the CONFIG button.
The following fields are shown on the screen:
ATM Mode
LAN Emulation Version 1
ATM Mode Shows the
which is set to
of operation,
ATM
. The
An example of the ATM Module Configuration screen
is shown in Figure 8-2.
Mode
cannot be changed in this release.
User-to-Network Interface (UNI)
Signalling Specifies the
Signalling
protocol used to communicate with other
uni3.0
uni3.1
standards. The
devices. Select either
or
uni3.1
default is
.
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Configuring an ATM Port
8-3
Specifies the framing used. Select either
SONET STS-3c or SDH STM-1. The default is SONET
SONET/SDH
Table 8-1 VPI and Bit Settings
STS-3c.
Desired Value of VPI
Number of bits
required
The
and
fields described
MAX VCI Bits
MAX VPI Bits
0
0
below, are used to determine how many bits can be
used within each cell header to define the value of
the VPI and VCI. The value of the VPI and VCI fields
identify the connection.
0 or 1
1
within the range 0–3
within the range 0–7
within the range 0–15
2
3 (default)
4
MAX VPI Bits can be used to identify which WAN
connection to use. If you have several remote sites
(London, Manchester and Leeds) you can specify a
unique VPI value which identifies traffic going to that
site. For example, the VPI value for London could be = 1,
Manchester could be = 2, and Leeds could be = 3.
The number of bits available for the
Max VCI Bits
equation:
MAX VCI Bits = (11 minus the value of Max VPI Bits)
There are 11 bits available to be shared between the
VPI and VCI. The default is 3 VPI bits and 8 VCI bits.
You should not normally need to change the default
settings. The adjacent ATM Switch can read the
settings of these fields via ILMI and normally
This number identifies the connection used
ILMI VCC
for Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI) requests.
The first field identifies the Virtual Path and the second
field identifies the Virtual Channel.
negotiates with the devices to use the lowest common
denominator. If the ATM Switch is non-standard, you
may need to amend the MAX VPI Bits (0–4) field.
You should only change the ILMI VCC if the ATM
switch connected to ATM Module does not use the
default ILMI VCC (VPI = 0, VCI = 16).
–
Shows the number of bits available
MAX VPI Bits (0 4)
VCC connections with values 0 (zero) to 31 are
reserved for standard connections and you should
avoid using these values wherever possible.
in the cell header that can be used to determine the
value of the VPI. Up to 4 bits are available for use. The
number of bits set offers a range of possible values for
the VPI (as shown within Table 8-1).
Shows the version number of the
Hardw are Version
ATM Module hardware.
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8-4
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
Upgradable Softw are Version Shows the version
number of agent software stored on the ATM Module
An example of the ATM LEC Setup screen is shown in
Figure 8-3.
Flash EPROM
(in
).
Boot Softw are Version This is the version number
of the boot software stored on the ATM Module.
You should keep a copy of these version numbers, in
case you need to contact IBM technical support.
ATM LEC SETUP This button takes you to the ATM
LEC Setup Screen (as shown in Figure 8-3) which
Extending VLANs into the ATM Netw ork
Figure 8-3 ATM LEC Setup Screen
This section describes how to extend VLANs into the
ATM network. The ATM port can be in one or more
VLANs. Each VLAN is associated with a LEC on the ATM
Module, and each LEC is mapped to an ATM ELAN.
Each time you complete the entry fields for a VLAN
you must select APPLY to apply the changes. As soon
as you select a different VLAN using the VLAN field
are lost.
There are two ways to access the ATM LEC Setup
screen:
■
Select the ATM CONFIGURATION option from the
Main Menu. The ATM Module Configuration
screen is displayed, as shown in Figure 8-2 on page
8-2. Select the ATM LEC SETUP button.
1
Select the VLAN that you wish to configure. Enter the
number associated with the VLAN in the designated
field. VLAN to LEC mappings are shown in “ATM Port
Setup” on page 8-6. The default VLAN is VLAN 1, the
■
Alternatively, if you are already in the ATM Port
Setup Screen, as described in “ATM Port Setup” on
page 8-6, you can select the CONFIG button to
display the ATM Module Configuration screen. An
example of the ATM Configuration screen is shown
in Figure 8-2 on page 8-2. Select the ATM LEC
SETUP button.
admin
VLAN.
You cannot configure VLAN 15 or VLAN 16 when
these VLANs are being used for Auto-Select VLANs
and Spanning Tree, respectively.
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Extending VLANs into the ATM Network
8-5
2 If the VLAN is to be connected to an ELAN, select Yes.
If you do not wish the VLAN to be connected to an
ELAN, select No.
Displaying all VLANs
If you wish to display the VLAN membership for all
ports on the Switch, complete the following steps. If
you wish to configure VLANs for the ATM Module
you should use the ATM VLAN Setup screen, as
described in “Extending VLANs into the ATM
Network” on page 8-4.
3 If there is a LECS controlling ELANs on your network,
it should automatically supply the LES address for the
ELAN, and you should select the LECS option.
Only select the Manual option if:
1 Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from the
Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is
displayed, as shown in Figure 8-4.
■ A LECS is not in use on the network, or
■ The LECS is unaware of the existence of the ELAN
to be joined, or
■ You do not wish the LEC to join a LES controlled by
a specific LECS.
If Manual is selected, the LES address field is displayed
on the screen, and you should enter the ATM address
of the LES associated with the selected VLAN/ELAN.
4 Enter the name of the ELAN that the VLAN is to join.
The ELAN must have already been set up in the ATM
network and be operational.
5 Select the APPLY button.
If the LEC associated with the VLAN is active when
APPLY is selected, it will temporarily become inactive
while the changes are applied, and you may
experience a brief loss of communication on that
connection.
Figure 8-4 Switch Management Screen
2 For the Management Level field, select the VLAN
option and press the [TAB] key. The screen shown in
Figure 8-5 on page 8-6 is displayed.
3 Select the SETUP button to display the VLAN Setup
screen.
An example of the VLAN Setup screen is shown in
Figure 8-6 on page 8-6.
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8-6
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
ATM Port Setup
The ATM Port Setup screen allows you to switch the
ATM port on or off, and provides status information
about the state of the port, and the LECs associated
with each of the VLANs. To display the screen:
1
From the Main Menu select SWITCH MANAGEMENT.
The Switch Management screen is displayed, as
shown in Figure 8-4 on page 8-5.
2
3
Management Level
Port
option.
For the
field, select the
Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the
Port ID
field. For example the ATM port is:
Figure 8-5 VLAN Selected Screen
■
Port 13 on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN
Switch Model 612 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet
LAN Switch Model 712
■
Port 25 on IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch
Model 624 and IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN
Switch Model 524
4
Select the SETUP button to display ATM port setup
information. An example of the ATM Port Setup
screen is shown in Figure 8-7 on page 8-7.
Figure 8-6 Switch VLAN Setup Screen
Use [Ctrl]+[D] keys to scroll down the list box to view
the rest of the list, including the ATM port.
ATM
Type
field, or as
The ATM port is shown as
in the
ATM Bp
if it has been set up as a backbone port.
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ATM Port Setup
8-7
Not Available
If the link is
and both devices are
powered-up and operational, there is a physical
problem with your connection. For information about
the cause of problems and possible solutions, see
Table 8-2.
Table 8-2 Link State Troubleshooting Summary
Problem
Solution
The connectors at either
Ensure that the cable is
end of the link have come securely connected to the
loose, or been accidently port at both ends of the link.
pulled out.
Figure 8-7 ATM Port Setup Screen
The port at the far end of Enable the far end port.
the link is disabled.
The screen shows the following fields:
If you have fiber cable
with connectors that can connector is connected to the
be reversed; the two correct port socket. You may
connectors at one end of need to reverse the TX and RX
the fiber cable may be cable connectors at one end of
Check that each cable
Port Identifies the selected port.
Port Speed Shows the speed of the port connection.
plugged into the port the the link.
wrong way around.
Port State Allows you to turn the port on and off. If
you wish to allow traffic to pass through this port,
The cable is caught under Remove any obstructions and
a heavy object or become straighten out any kinks in the
Enable
through the port, select
select the
option. To prevent traffic passing
Disable
bent out of shape.
cable.
.
The connector itself is
physically damaged.
Contact your repair center for
advice. Refer to Appendix E,
“Technical Support and
Link State Indicates whether the communication link
connected to the port is capable of transmitting and
receiving traffic. The states are:
Service” for more details.
Port State
Present
must be .
To transmit traffic the port must have a
of
Present
— the link is capable of transferring traffic; if
Enabled
Link State
and the
enabled
the ports are also turned on (
).
Not Available
— the link is not capable of transferring
traffic.
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8-8
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
Lost Links The number of times a link was unable to
transmit traffic, that is, the number of times (since the
Mapping Far End MAC Addresses
Link State
Not
became
device was reset) that the
Available
To communicate with a device, the software must be
able to map the MAC address of the destination
device to the destination edge-device’s ATM address.
.
LEC States Shows the status of the LEC for each
VLAN. The state can be:
This mapping is normally performed by the LEC, and
for the vast majority of devices you do not need to
map MAC addresses to ATM addresses.
LEC Active
— traffic is passing through the LEC.
LEC Inactive
— traffic is not passing through the LEC.
LEC Not in Use
The MAC address and ATM address mappings are
ARP Table
(which should
— you have decided not to connect
not be confused with the IP ARP Table).
this VLAN to the ATM network. The VLAN may still be
in operation within the Switch.
To access the ATM ARP Table screen access the ATM
Port Setup screen, as described in “ATM Port Setup”
on page 8-6, and then select the ARP TABLE button.
An example of the ATM ARP Table screen is shown in
Figure 8-8.
CONFIG This button takes you to the ATM Module
Configuration screen, which allows you to monitor
and set the standards used by the ATM Module to
communicate with other ATM devices.
The ATM Module Configuration screen is described in
“Configuring an ATM Port” on page 8-2.
ARP TABLE This button takes you to the ARP Table
screen, which allows you to displays the ATM and
MAC addresses on remote devices. The ARP Table
screen is described in “Mapping Far End MAC
Addresses” on this page.
CONNECTION TABLE This button takes you to the
ATM Connection Table screen, which allows you to
display ATM connection details. The ATM Connection
Table is described in “Displaying an ATM Connection”
on page 8-10.
Figure 8-8 ATM ARP Table Screen
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Mapping Far End MAC Addresses
8-9
Allows you to select a VLAN, and display
This button allows you to locate
VLAN
FIND ATM ADDRESS
address information about remote systems connected
to that VLAN.
the ATM address mapped to a specified MAC address.
This button updates the view of the ARP
REFRESH
Identifies the selected port.
Table to include the latest available information.
Port
Shows the MAC Address on the
This button allows you to create a MAC
Far MAC Address
INSERT
edge-device at the far end of the connection.
Address to ATM address mapping in the ARP Table.
Shows the ATM Address for the
This button allows you to delete a MAC
DELETE
Far ATM Address
LEC on the edge-device at the far end of the
connection.
address to ATM address mapping in the ARP Table.
Creating a MAC Address to ATM Entry
The address entry can be:
Type
An easy way to edit an entry is to select a similar entry
from the listbox using the spacebar. The far end ATM
and MAC addresses of that entry are shown in the
edit fields. You can then edit the addresses (without
losing or changing the original entry) and select the
INSERT button to create a new entry.
Permanent — The address entries are retained even if
the device is reset or a power-off/on cycle occurs. All
entries made through this screen are stored as
Permanent entries.
Dynamic — The address entries are aged out after a
If you cannot select an entry in the listbox (because
you are creating the first entry), use the following
method:
set period of time.
Static — The address entries are discarded when the
switch is reset.
1 In the Far MAC Address field, type in the MAC
The following fields are used in conjunction with the
buttons at the bottom of the screen:
address of the device to be added to the database.
2 In the Far ATM Address field, type in the far end ATM
address.
Allows you to type in the MAC
Far MAC Address
address of end-stations in the network.
3 Select the INSERT button.
Allows you to type in the ATM
Far ATM Address
address of the far end LEC associated with the far end
MAC address.
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8-10
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
Finding an Address Entry
1
Far MAC Address
field, type in the MAC
In the
address associated with the ATM address you are
trying to locate.
2
Select the FIND ATM ADDRESS button. An asterisk (*)
is shown next to the entry in the database listbox.
Updating Address Entries
To view up-to-date ARP Table entries, select the
REFRESH button.
Deleting an Address Entry
Figure 8-9 ATM Connection Table Screen
1
Within the listbox, use the spacebar to select the
entry you wish to delete.
The following fields apply to the listbox:
2
Select the DELETE button.
Port Identifies the selected port.
the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Circuit Identifier.
Displaying an ATM Connection
This section describes how to create and view ATM
connections in the ATM Connection Table.
End Identifies whether the near or far end LEC ATM
address is displayed. The options are:
To access the ATM Connection Table screen, access
the ATM Port Setup screen, as described in “ATM Port
Setup” on page 8-6, and then select the
CONNECTION TABLE button. An example of the ATM
Connection Table screen is shown in Figure 8-9.
Near
Far
— the details are for the LEC at the far end of the
connection, for example a LEC in an ATM Switch or
attached ATM device.
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Setting Up Resilient Links
8-11
Shows the ATM address of LEC for
ATM Address
Finding an ATM Connection
either the ATM Module or the ATM Switch.
1 In the VPI:VCI field, type in the ATM Connection you
wish to view.
If Near is shown in the End field, the address is the
2 Select the FIND ATM ADDRESS button.
address of the LEC in the ATM Module.
If Far is shown in the End field, it is the address of the
LEC in the ATM Switch or attached ATM device at the
far end of the connection.
Updating Address Entries
To view up-to-date ATM Connection Table details,
select the REFRESH button.
shows the connection type. The connection
Type
types can be:
Setting Up Resilient Links
Incoming — the switched virtual circuit was set up by
the Far End LEC.
You can protect a critical communication link against
failure by ensuring that, should the main communication
link fail, a standby duplicate communication link
immediately and automatically takes over the task of
the main link.
Outgoing — the switched virtual circuit was set up by
the Near End LEC.
Reserved — a permanent virtual circuit has been set up.
Each main and standby link pair is referred to as a
resilient link pair.
Allows you to specify the ATM connection by
VPI:VCI
■ If you wish to setup an ATM port as part of a
resilient link, the other port in the resilient link
must be a Virtual LAN Trunk (a member of all
VLANs).
typing in the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Channel
Identifier labels. Alternatively, you can use the spacebar
to select and copy a VPI:VCI entry from the listbox.
This button allows you to find
FIND ATM ADDRESS
an ATM Address.
■ Typically the ATM Module port is paired with a Fast
Ethernet port on the ATM Switch.
This button allows you to update the view
REFRESH
of ATM connection details.
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8-12
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
Every 2 minutes the Switch checks the resilient links
to ensure that the fastest link is the Main (active) link
in the resilient link pair. If the fastest link is not the
Main (active) link, the Switch automatically makes it
the Main (active) link, on the condition that:
■
Lost Links
within the last
There have not been any
2 minutes on the faster link that will become the
Main (active) link.
■
The faster link has been up for 2 minutes.
See the guide which accompanies your Switch for
more details about setting up resilient links.
Figure 8-10 Software Upgrade Screen
Complete the following fields:
Upgrading Softw are
Destination Specify the type of device which you
wish to receive the upgraded software. If you are
upgrading the software on the ATM Module, select
the ATM Module option.
The ATM Module has its own software which is
upgraded independently of the Switch software.
You may need to upgrade the software on the ATM
Module or Switch if IBM produces a new version of the
code, or if the existing code has somehow become
corrupted.
File Name Specify the name of the upgrade file held
on the server for this type of device.
Server Address Specify the IP (or IPX) address of the
server holding the upgrade file.
The replacement software image must be held or
placed on a local server which supports the
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
.
If the upgrade is interrupted, due to a power failure
for example, when the device powers up again, the
MGMT LED is lit green and flashes to indicate that an
upgrade is taking place, and the Module LED on the
Switch is lit Yellow. The device attempts to download
the last specified software image file.
Select the SOFTWARE UPGRADE option from the
Main Menu. An example of the Software Upgrade
screen is shown in Figure 8-10.
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Upgrading Software
8-13
When the OK button is selected, the status of the
upgrade is displayed. The following error and status
messages are available:
The file you want to download may have been
corrupted. You should obtain a valid file and try
again.
The record type is not recognized
Error Messages
The file you want to download may have been
This section lists error messages that may appear if an
error occurs while downloading a new software
image, and suggests solutions to the problem.
corrupted, or is not the correct type of file for the
selected device. You should obtain a valid file and try
again.
File Not Found
Record checksum error
The file you require is not on the specified TFTP server.
You need to specify a different TFTP server or transfer
the file you require to the correct directory on the
TFTP server and try again.
The file you want to download has been corrupted. In
this case you should either retry with the current file,
or obtain a valid file and try again.
The device type in the file is incorrect
Access Violation
The file you are trying to download is not suitable for
the selected device. Ensure that you select either a
different file or a different device, before you try again.
You do not have access permissions to this file or
directory. Ensure that the access permissions are
changed.
The softw are image is not suitable for this
version of the hardw are
Load server failed to respond
Communication with the TFTP server could not be
established. Ensure that the workstation on which the
TFTP server is set up is operating and that the network
connection has been set up correctly.
The file you are trying to download is not suitable for
the selected device. Ensure that you select either a
different file or a different device, before you try again.
Timeout
The dow nload could not be started because of a
lack of resources
The operation to download the software failed after
the operation timed-out. This may be due to a poor
network connection, so try again.
You are trying to download a file which requires more
memory than is available.
If you see any other messages you should make a
note of the message and contact your supplier.
The record length differs from that implied by the
value of the record length field.
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8-14
CHAPTER 8: MANAGING THE ATM MODULE
Status Messages
This section lists status messages that can appear
when you download new software images to a device.
Active
The file is currently being downloaded to the selected
device. Allow time for the download to complete.
Dow nload successful
The file you chose to download to the selected device
was downloaded successfully.
Load Paused
The download failed and another attempt will be
made. The download may have failed due to network
re-configuration.
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MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
9
This chapter describes how to monitor the status and
performance of your ATM Module.
Figure 9-1 shows the screen map. Monitoring screens
are shaded gray to help you locate the screens you
need.
Figure 9-1 Status Monitoring Screen Map
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9-2
CHAPTER 9: MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
Table 9-1 Statistics and Status Summary
Statistics Overview
Monitoring
VLAN/ELAN
Use
This section provides a brief overview of the additional
ATM VLAN LEC Status Screen:
statistics that are available when you install an ATM
Module. Refer to the user guide that accompanies the
Switch for information about the statistics that are
provided by the Switch software.
To monitor the state of the
LEC to LES set up process.
■
■
■
■
■
LEC State
LEC ELAN Name
LEC ATM Address
Last LEC Failure Reason
LEC Operation at Failure
Table 9-1 groups the available statistics into logical
categories, and tells you where each statistic is located.
■
■
■
■
Frames Received
Frames Transmitted
Octets Received
To monitor Ethernet traffic
on the VLAN.
Table 9-1 Statistics and Status Summary
Monitoring
Backbone
Use
ATM Port Statistics screen:
Octets Transmitted
To estimate the amount of
traffic down the backbone.
■
Transmit Bandwidth Used
Receive Bandwidth Used
ATM
ATM Port Statistics screen:
■
To monitor ATM traffic.
■
■
■
■
Cells Received
Physical Connection
ATM Physical Layer Statistics
screen:
Cells Transmitted
Errored Cells
To check that the physical
connection is operational.
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Errored Seconds (Near)
Errored Seconds (Far)
Bad VCC Received
AAL5
ATM Port Statistics screen:
Severe Errored Sec (Near)
Severe Errored Sec (Far)
Coding Violations (Far)
Unavailable Seconds (Near)
Unavailable Seconds (Far)
To monitor AAL5 traffic.
■
■
■
■
■
■
Frames Received
Frames Transmitted
Octets Received
Octets Transmitted
Errored Frames
Discarded Frames
ATM Port Statistics screen:
Receive Errors
ATM Module statistics screens are updated every 2
seconds to show the latest information.
■
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ATM Port Statistics
9-3
3 Select the STATS button to display the ATM Port
ATM Port Statistics
Statistics screen.
The ATM Port Statistics screen provides a top level
4 An example of the ATM Port Statistics screen is shown
summary of traffic levels on the ATM Port. You can
use the summary to estimate the amount of traffic on
your network backbone, and to check the health of
the incoming connection. Statistics are grouped into:
in Figure 9-3.
■ ATM Port Bandwidth use and incoming connection
health.
■ AAL5 layer health and use.
■ ATM layer health and use.
To view the ATM Port statistics:
1 Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from the
Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is
displayed, as shown in Figure 9-2.
Figure 9-3 ATM Port Statistics Screen
The figures shown for each statistic on this screen
include ATM management traffic and normal
Ethernet traffic.
The ATM Port Statistics screen displays the following
fields:
Identifies the currently selected port.
Port ID
Shows the percentage of
Transmit Bandw idth Used
available transmit bandwidth that is currently being
used by transmit cells.
Figure 9-2 Switch Management Screen
Shows the percentage of
available receive bandwidth that is currently being
used by received cells.
Receive Bandw idth Used
2 Enter the number of the ATM port in the Port ID field.
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9-4
CHAPTER 9: MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
Receive Errors Shows the percentage of cells
received that have errors. For example, cells received
Header Error
with corrupted header information (
Control – HEC
).
The screen also shows the AAL5 layer statistics. AAL is
a set of protocols that translate user traffic from
higher-layer applications/protocols into small, fixed
size cells, and reassembles them into the higher level
frame format at the destination device. The ATM
Module supports AAL5. The screen shows the
following AAL5 Layer statistics:
Receive Errors indicate that there is something wrong
with the link, and you should check for the following
faults:
Frames Received The number of frames received per
second at the AAL5 interface for all traffic types (data
and control).
■
Technical Support, as described in Appendix E.
■
The optic fiber cable is too long or does not meet
Frames Transmitted The number of frames
transmitted per second at the AAL5 interface for all
traffic types (data and control).
against the technical specification given in
Appendix C, “ATM Module Technical Specifications”.
■
The optic fiber connectors are dirty. To clean the
Errored Frames The number of frames received that
connectors, follow the instructions given in
“Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors”, on page
D-24.
contain an error.
Octets Received The number of Ethernet octets
received at the AAL5 interface.
■
If there is no traffic on the port, but there are
Scramble
Receive Errors, the SONET
techniques on
Octets Transmitted The number of Ethernet octets
the ATM Module and ATM Switch are probably
used are the same for the ATM Module and the
ATM Switch.
transmitted at the AAL5 interface.
Discarded Frames The number of frames discarded
at the AAL5 interface due to lack of resources.
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ATM VLAN LEC Status
9-5
The screen also shows the following ATM statistics:
ATM VLAN LEC Status
The number of ATM cells received by
Cells Received
the port.
The ATM VLAN LEC Status screen shows LEC statistics
for the ATM port. You can use the status information
to monitor the health of a VLAN’s LEC and to track
down the cause of any problems. You can also monitor
the amount of Ethernet traffic on the selected VLAN.
The number of ATM cells
Cells Transmitted
transmitted per second by the port.
The number of ATM cells that contain
an error, for example, cells that have Header Error
Control (HEC) errors.
Errored Cells
To access VLAN statistics, first access the ATM Port
Statistics screen, as described in “ATM Port Statistics”
on page 9-3, and then select the LEC button.
The number of cells received
Bad VCC Received
An example of the ATM VLAN LEC Status screen is
shown in Figure 9-4.
where the specified connection is not recognized by
the ATM Module (that is, the connection is not shown
in the ATM Module Connection Table).
The following buttons are available on this screen:
To make it easier to note
CLEAR SCREEN COUNTERS
the changes in statistic values, you can use this button
to reset the value of statistics shown on the screen to
zero. Resetting the values shown on the screen does
not reset the statistic values stored on this device.
This button takes you to the ATM VLAN LEC
LEC
Status screen, which allows you to monitor the health
of LECs and identifies the cause of any connection
failures. The ATM VLAN LEC Status screen is described
in “ATM VLAN LEC Status” on this page.
Figure 9-4 ATM VLAN LEC Status Screen
This button takes you to the Physical Layer
PHYSICAL
Statistics Screen, which allows you to monitor the
health of the physical connection, and is more useful
in a WAN environment. The Physical Layer Statistics
Screen is described in “ATM Physical Layer Statistics”
on page 9-10.
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9-6
CHAPTER 9: MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
Port ID Identifies the currently selected port.
Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason
State
None
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
VLAN Allows you to select the VLAN you wish to
monitor. The default is VLAN 1. If you wish to review
the state of all VLANs on the ATM Module, see “ATM
Port Setup” on page 8-6.
The LEC is either
inactive or has
successfully completed
None required.
the operation.
Timeout
The software has been If there is a LECS on
set up to use a LECS, your network, ensure
but a LECS is either not that it is operational
present on the network and on part of the
A task could not be
completed within
its allotted time
frame.
Table 9-2 LEC State Summary
or broken.
network that can be
accessed by the ATM
Module.
LEC State
Active
Description
The LEC is in use.
If a LECS is not present
on the network, you
must enter the LES
Address for each ELAN
manually using the ATM
VLAN Setup Screen
(see “Extending VLANs
into the ATM Network”
on page 8-4).
Inactive
The LEC is not in use. The LEC may be
inactive because it has not been able
to establish communication with the
LES and BUS, or because the ATM port
Not in Use
You have specified that the LEC is not
required at the present time.
LEC ELAN Name Shows the name of the ELAN that
The LES for the ELAN is Contact Technical
not functioning
correctly
Support.
the VLAN/LEC has joined.
LEC associated with the selected VLAN.
Undefined Error
Unknown.
Contact Technical
Support.
An error has
occurred but no
cause can be
identified.
Last LEC Failure Reason If the LEC configuration
fails, the last know failure state is shown. The failure
state can be used to identify the cause of the failure.
The failure state and possible causes are shown in
Table 9-3.
Version Not
Supported
The LANE services you Ensure that the LANE
are trying to connect
to, do not support
LANE version 1.0.
Services use LANE 1.0.
LANE 1.0 not
supported.
(continued)
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ATM VLAN LEC Status
9-7
Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason
Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Invalid Request
Parameters
The LEC may be
Check the underlying
media for both the
ELAN and the LEC
Duplicated ATM
Address
The LES has received a Ensure that ATM
requesting a resource
that is on an ELAN
which has a different
LAN type to the LEC.
request from a LEC addresses are unique.
which contains an ATM Check the LES
address already database for duplicate
addresses.
The LES/LECS has
rejected a request
from the LEC
requesting the service.
A source ATM
address duplicates a registered to another
previously
LEC on the same ELAN.
because the request The frame size used
Check the frame sizes
being used.
registered ATM
address.
parameters were
incompatible with
the ELAN.
could be wrong.
For example, if a LES is
faulty, when a LEC
disconnects from the
LES, the LES might fail
to register the change.
When the LEC tries to
rejoin the LES, the LES
still has that LEC’s ATM
address in its database,
and thinks that two
devices have the same
ATM address.
Duplicate LAN
Destination
The LES has received a Ensure that MAC
request from a LEC
addresses are unique.
which contains a MAC
A destination source address already
MAC address
duplicates a
previously registered
MAC address.
registered to another
LEC on the same ELAN.
You may have
accidentally entered the
same MAC addresses
twice.
You may have
accidentally entered
the same ATM
addresses twice.
(continued)
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9-8
CHAPTER 9: MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason
Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Insufficient
Resources
Too many connections You may wish to
Invalid
Requestor ID
There is a problem with Contact 3Com
have been requested
consider extending or
the LEC software.
Support.
and the tables used by restructuring your
There are
insufficient
resources to grant a cannot be set up.
request.
the LES may be full,
and the connection
network.
The LEC Identifier
(LECID) is not zero,
or is not recognized
as this LEC’s LECID.
The ATM Switch is busy Use a separate ATM
Invalid LAN
Destination
You may have
Check that the Local
Administration
Address is valid.
and cannot provide
LECS functionality.
Switch for LECS
functionality.
configured an illegal
Local Administration
Address.
You are trying to
register a multicast
address with the LES.
There is a mismatch
between the VPI/VCI
range supported by
adjacent ATM devices.
Make the MAX VPI/VCI
Bits compatible.
Local Administration
Address setup is
beyond the scope of
this guide.
Example:
Invalid ATM
Address
The ATM address field Contact your supplier
may have been or 3Com Technical
corrupted or not in the Support.
correct format.
If Switch A supports
VPI/VCI values 7:511
and Switch B only
supports values up to
7:255, when Signalling
tries to set up a
connection using the
VPI/VCI value 7:256,
Switch B rejects the
connection.
Source or
destination ATM
address is not in a
For example, it may be
recognized format. in E.164 when OSI
N-SAP address coding
is required.
No Configuration
The MAC address may Check that each MAC
be invalid.
address on your
network is unique.
Access Denied
The LEC is trying to join Check your LANE
an ELAN that it is not Services setup.
The LECS/LES does
not recognize the
LEC or the
The LES has denied allowed to access.
the LEC access to
the ELAN for
The LEC may be
Check the LAN type
used.
requested ELAN
requesting a resource
that is on an ELAN
which has a different
LAN type to the LEC.
security reasons.
(continued)
You may have entered Check that the ELAN
an invalid ELAN name. name is correct, and
the ELAN has been set
up correctly.
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ATM VLAN LEC Status
9-9
Table 9-3 Last LEC Failure Reason
Table 9-4 LEC Operation at Failure
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Operation
None
Description
LE_CONFIGURE
Error
The information
provided by the LEC
may be invalid.
As this state is used to
indicate a range of
problems, you should
check the other states
and solutions
described in this table.
If this does not resolve
the problem contact
3Com Technical
There are no known operation failures.
Calling LECS
The LEC is trying to connect to the
LECS to receive LANE configuration
information.
This state may be
given to refuse a
service without
giving a specific
reason.
Reading
Configuration
from LECS
The LEC receives configuration
information from the LECS in
preparation for joining the LES.
Support.
Joining LES
The LEC is trying to join the ELAN by
registering itself with the LES that
controls that ELAN.
You may have entered Check that the ELAN
an invalid ELAN name. name is correct, and
the ELAN has been set
When the LEC has joined the LES, it is
given a unique LAN Emulation Client
Identifier (LECID), knows the Emulated
LAN’s maximum frame size, and knows
its LAN type (either Ethernet or Token
Ring).
up correctly.
Insufficient
Information
The MAC address may Check that each MAC
be invalid.
address on your
network is unique.
The LEC has not
provided sufficient
information to
allow the LECS to
assign it to a specific which has a different
Initial Registration After joining, a LEC can register any
number of MAC addresses and/or
Route Descriptors (for Token Ring
implementations).
The LEC may be
requesting a resource
that is on an ELAN
Check the LAN type
used.
ELAN. LAN type to the LEC.
Connecting to BUS In order to establish a connection to
(BUS) the LEC requires the broadcast
address. It requests the broadcast
You may have entered Check that the ELAN
an invalid ELAN name. name is correct, and
the ELAN has been set
address from the LES.
up correctly.
Operational
The LEC is now part of the ELAN.
Identifies the operation
LEC Operation at Failure
that was being carried out when the LEC setup failed.
This field should be used in conjunction with the Last
LEC Failure Reason to identify the cause of the
problem. The possible operations are shown in
Table 9-4.
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9-10
CHAPTER 9: MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
Frames Received The number of Ethernet frames
received by the LEC.
ATM Physical Layer Statistics
SONET STS-3c
error statistics. These statistics are used
to track down problems with the physical connection,
and are more useful in a WAN environment.
The Physical Layer Statistics screen shows
Frames Transmitted The number of Ethernet frames
transmitted by the LEC.
SDH STM-1
and
Octets Received The number of Ethernet octets
received by the LEC.
To access Physical Layer statistics, first access the ATM
Port Statistics screen, as described in “ATM Port
Statistics” on page 9-3, and then select the PHYSICAL
button.
Octets Transmitted The number of Ethernet octets
transmitted by the LEC.
If you see the following symptoms, there may be a
problem at the ATM Switch end of the connection:
An example of the Physical Layer Statistics screen is
shown in Figure 9-5 on page 9-11, and the statistics
are described in the following text.
active
LEC Operation at Failure
is
The LEC is
and the
None
zero.
, but the frames or octets counters are showing
Port Identifies the currently selected port.
Out of Cell Delineation (OCD)
OCD State Shows the
If you have followed the troubleshooting instructions
in this section and within Appendix D, and you still
have a problem, contact IBM Technical Support. Refer
to Appendix E for details.
Fail
state. The OCD State is set to
when seven
consecutive cells have had Header Error Control
violations. This implies that the cell has been
problem with the ATM Module or ATM Switch.
The following button is available on this screen:
OK
The OCD State is only set to
when six good cells
CLEAR SCREEN COUNTERS To make it easier to note
the changes in statistic values, you can use this button
to reset the value of statistics shown on the screen to
zero. Resetting the values shown on the screen does
not reset the statistic values stored on this device.
are received by the ATM Module followed by
approximately 10 seconds of good signal from the
ATM fiber optic cable.
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ATM Physical Layer Statistics
9-11
Physical Layer statistics are broken down into the
following layers:
■
■
■
— The Path Layer deals with the mapping of
ATM cells to SONET or SDH frames. The ATM
Module supports 1 path.
Path
Line
— The Line Layer provides synchronization
and multiplexing functions for the Path Layer
across the physical medium.
Section
— The Section Layer deals with framing,
scrambling, and section error monitoring.
Physical Layer errors are measured in units called
Figure 9-5 Physical Layer Statistics
Seconds:
Second
.
each
is a second in time
Current Sample Specifies the number of seconds
elapsed within the current sampling period.
second
Coding Violation
In the following statistics a
is considered
errored if it contains a
coding violation
.
SONET/SDH counters are accumulated over a period
of 15 minutes (900 seconds). At the end of the 15
minute sampling period, the software stores the
results of the current sampling period, and resets the
values shown on the screen to zero.
A
occurs when the parity check in
the SONET or SDH frame indicates that the cell
payload has been corrupted.
second
A
is considered severely errored if it contains
coding violations
16
for a path or section, or 32
The results of the previous 96 sampling periods can
be accessed through the SONET MIB using a MIB
Browser.
coding violations
for a line counter.
second
A
is unavailable if 10 continuous severely
seconds
errored
are seen at the ATM interface.
second
A
becomes available again, when 10
seconds
consecutive
errored.
are received that are not severely
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9-12
CHAPTER 9: MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
The following statistics are available:
Using Physical Layer Statistics to Troubleshoot
This section describes how to use the physical layer
statistics to track and resolve problems.
Errored Seconds (Near) The number of errored
seconds
at the ATM Module end of the connection.
If no values are shown on the screen, the problem
probably lies with the ATM Switch rather than the
ATM Module. Follow the troubleshooting information
in the user guide that accompanies your ATM Switch.
seconds
Errored Seconds (Far) The number of
ATM Switch end of the connection.
at the
Severe Errored Sec (Near) The number of severely
seconds
errored
connection.
at the ATM Module end of the
High values usually indicate that the SONET standards
are incompatible, or that there is a fault on the cable.
Use the following troubleshooting suggestions to try
and resolve the problem:
Severe Errored Sec (Far) The number of severely
seconds
errored
connection.
at the ATM Switch end of the
1
2
3
Check that the ports at both end of the link are
enabled
.
oding
Coding Violations (Near) The number of c
violations
that have occurred at the ATM Module end
Check that the cable is securely connected to the port
at both ends of the link.
of the connection.
Check each end of the cable to ensure that each of
the fiber connectors is correctly connected. If you
have connectors that can be reversed, you may need
to reverse the TX and RX cable connectors at one end
of the link.
coding
Coding Violations (Far) The number of
violations
of the physical connection.
that have occurred at the ATM Switch end
Unavailable Seconds (Near) The number of
seconds
on the ATM Module.
that were unavailable at the ATM interface
4
Make sure that the cable does not exceed the cable
length or other technical specifications. Check the
cable against the technical specification given in
Appendix C.
seconds
Unavailable Seconds (Far) The number of
that were unavailable at the ATM interface on the
ATM Switch.
5
6
Remove any obstructions and straighten out any kinks
in the cable.
If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is dirty,
refer to “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors” on
page D-24.
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ATM Physical Layer Statistics
9-13
7 If you suspect that the fiber optic cable is not
working, replace the cable with a cable known to be
working, and check the Link Status LED.
8 Check that the cable has not been accidently plugged
into an FDDI connector at one end of the connection.
9 Check that the ATM Module and ATM Switch are
using compatible transmit clocking options.
10 Check that the Line Rate settings on the two devices
are compatible.
11 If there is still a problem, contact your repair center
for advice. For more details, refer to Appendix E.
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9-14
CHAPTER 9: MONITORING THE ATM MODULE
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SAFETY INFORMATION
A
You must read the following safety information
before carrying out any installation or removal of
components, or any maintenance procedures on
the Switch.
Varning — livsfara: Innan du börja installera den
här produkten bör du läsa säkerhetsinformtionen i
dokumentet Varning: Säkerhetsföreskrifter – Läs
detta först, SD21-0030. Där beskrivs hur du på ett
säkert sätt ansluter elektrisk utrustning.
Fare: Før du begynner å installere dette produktet,
må du lese sikkerhetsinformasjonen i Advarsel: Sik-
kerhetsinformasjon – Les dette først, SD21-0030
som beskriver sikkerhetsrutinene for kabling og
tilkobling av elektrisk utstyr.
Safety Notices
Safety notices are printed throughout this manual.
DANGER notices warn you of conditions or proce-
dures that can result in death or severe personal
injury. CAUTION notices warn you of conditions or
procedures that can cause personal injury that is nei-
ther lethal not extremely hazardous.
Fare: Før du installerer dette produkt, skal du læ se
sikkerhedsforskrifterne i NB: Sikkerhedsforskrifter –
Læs dette først, SD21-0030. Vejiedningen beskriver
den fremgangsmåde, du skal bruge ved tilslutning
af kabier og udstyr.
World Trade Safety Information
Some countries require the safety information con-
tained in publications to be presented in their
national languages. Before using an English-lan-
guage publication to set up, install, or operate this
IBM product, you first should become familiar with
the related safety information.
Gevarr: Voordat u begint met de installatie van dit
produkt, moet u eerst de veiligheidsinstructies lezen
in de brochure PAS OP! Veiligheidsinstructies – Lees
dit eerst, SD21-0030. Hierin wordt beschreven hoe u
electrische apparatuur op een veilige manier moet
bekabelen en aansluiten.
DANGER: Before you begin to install this product,
read the safety information in Caution: Safety Infor-
mation – Read This First, SD21-0030. This booklet
describes safe procedures for cabling and plugging
in electrical equipment.
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A-2
APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION
Gevarr:
Perigo:
Voordat u begint met het installeren van dit
Antes de iniciar a instalação deste produto,
leia as informações de segurança Cuidado: Infor-
mações de Segurança – Leia Primeiro
produkt, dient u eerst de veiligheidsrichtlijnen te
lezen die zijn vermeld in de publikatie
Caution:
, SD21-0030.
Safety Informtion – Read This First
dit boekje vindt u veilige procedures voor het
aansluiten van elektrische appratuur.
, SD21-0030. In
Este documento descreve como efectuar, de um
modo seguro, as ligações eléctricas dos equipamen-
tos.
Vorsicht: Bevor mit der Installation des Produktes
Peligro: Antes de empezar a instalar este producto,
Achtung:
Atención: Infor-
begonnen wird, die Sicherheitshinweise in
lea la información de seguridad en
Sicherheitsinformationen – Bitte zuerst lesen
mación de Seguridad – Lea Esto Primero
, IBM
,
Form SD21-0030. Diese Veröffentlichung bes-
chreibt die Sicherheitsvorkehrungen für das Verka-
beln und Anschließen elktrischer Geräte.
SD21-0030. Este documento describe los proced-
imientos de seguridad para cablear y enchufar equi-
pos eléctricos.
Danger:
Perigo:
Antes de começar a instalar este produto,
Avant d'installer le présent produit, con-
Attention: Informations pour la sécu-
sultez le livret
leia as informações de segurança contidas em
Cuidado: Informações Sobre Segurança – Leia Isto
Primeiro, SD21-0030. Esse folheto descreve procedi-
mentos de segurança para a instalação de cabos e
conexões em equipamentos elétricos.
rité – Lisez-moi d'abord,
SD21-0030, qui décrit les
procédures à respecter pour effectuer les opérations
de câblage et brancher les équipements électriques
en toute sécurité.
Danger:
VARRA:
Avant de procéder à l'installation de ce
produit, lisez d'abord les consignes de sécurité dans
ATTENTION: Consignes de sécurité – A
Ennen kuin aloitat tämän tuotteen asen-
nuksen, lue julkaisussa Varoitus: Turvaohjeet – Lue
tämä ensin
la brochure
lire au préalable
les procédures pour câbler et connecter les appar-
eils électriques en toute sécurité.
, SD21-0030, olevat turvaohjeet. Tässä
, SD21-0030. Cette brochure décrit
kirjasessa on ohjeet siitä, miten sähkölaitteet kaape-
loidaan ja kytketään turvallisesti.
Pericolo:
prima di iniziare l'installazione di questo
prodotto, leggere le informazioni relative alla
Attenzion: Infor-
sicurezza riportate nell'opuscolo
mazioni di sicurezza – Prime informazioni da leggere
in cui sono descritte le procedure per il cablaggio ed
il collegamento di apparecchiature elettriche.
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Safety Notices
A-3
Vigyázat: Mielôtt megkezdi a berendezés üzembe
helyezését, olvassa el a Caution: Safety Information
– Read This First, SD21-0030 könyvecskében leírt
biztonsági információkat. Ez a könyv leírja, milyen
biztonsági intézkedéseket kell megtenni az elektro-
mos berendezés huzalozásakor illetve csatlakoz-
tatásakor.
Pozor: Preden zaènete z instalacijo tega produkta
prebertte poglavje: 'Opozorilo: Informacije o
varnem rokovanju - preberi pred uporabo,”
SD21-0030. To poglavje opisuje pravilne postopke
za kabliranje,
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A-4
APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION
ATTENTION
Verra:
Yksikön saavat asentaa ja irrottaa vain tähän
koulutetut henkilöt.
LED
Klasse 1
Class 1
LED Product
Pericolo:
L’installazione e la rimozione dell’unità
devono essere eseguite esclusivamente da person-
ale specializzato.
Fare:
Det er bare kvalifisert personale som kan
Luokan 1
LEDLAITE
Appareiil a LED
de Classe 1
installere og ta ut enheten.
Perigo:
A instalação e a remoção da unidade
devem ser efectuadas apenas por pessoal qualifi-
cado.
Peligro:
La instalación y extracción de la unidad
DANGER:
Installation and removal of the unit must
debe efectuarseúnicamente por personal cualificado.
be carried out by qualified personnel only.
Fara:
Installation och flyttning av enheten måste
DANGER:
L'installation et l'enlèvement de l'unité
utföras av utbildad personal.
doivent être faits seulement par le personnel quali-
fié.
DANGER:
Ein- und Ausbau des Gerätes ist nur von
Fachpersonal vorzunehmen.
Gevaar!
De eenheid mag alleen worden geïn-
stalleerd of verwijderd doorbevoegde personen.
Perigo:
A instalação e remoção da unidade deve ser
Neodstraňujte desky modulů, pokud je připojeno napájení.
feita apenas porpessoal especializado.
Fare!
Installation og afmontering af enheden skal
udføres afuddannet personale.
Gevaar:
Installatie en verwijdering van de eenheid
moet uitsluitend worden uitgevoerd door getraind
personeel.
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Safety Notices
A-5
DANGER: This unit operates under SELV conditions
(Safety Extra Low Voltage) according to IEC 950, the
conditions of which are maintained only if the
equipment to which it is connected is also opera-
tional under SELV.
DANGER: Cette unité marche sous les conditions
SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) conformément à IEC
950, ces conditions sont maintenues seulement si le
matériel auquel elle est branchée, est aussi en
exploitation sous SELV.
DANGER: Das Gerät wird mit Sicherheits-Kleinspan-
nung nach IEC 950 (SELV = Safety Extra Low Volt-
age) betrieben. Angeschloßen werden können nur
Geräte, die ebenfalls nach SELV betrieben werden.
Монтаж и демонтаж оборудования должен выполнять
только квалифицированный персонал.
Gevarr: Deze eenheid werkt onder SELV (Safety
Extra Low Voltage) volgens IEC 950, waarvan de
voorwaarden alleen behouden blijven indien de
apparatuur waarop het is aangesloten, ook onder
SELV werkt.
Perigo: Esta unidade funciona sob condições SELV
(Safety Extra Low Voltage) de acordo com IEC 950
mas, essa situação é mantida apenas se oequipa-
mento ao qual ela est conectada também funcionar
sob a condição SELV.
Fare! Denne enhed fungerer ved svagstrøm i hen-
hold til betingelsernei IEC 950. Disse betingelser
overholdes kun, hvis det udstyr, enheden er sluttet
til, også fungerer ved svagstrøm.
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A-6
APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION
Gervaar:
Deze eenheid werkt onder extra lage
Peligro: Esta unidad opera bajo condiciones SELV
(Safety Extra Low Voltage /Voltaje Extra Bajo de Seg-
uridad) de acuerdo a la norma IEC 950, sibien tales
condiciones únicamente se mantienen si el equipo
alque se conectan es asimismo operacional bajo
SELV.
spanning (SELV, Safety Extra Low Voltage) volgens
norm IEC 950. Er wordt uitsluitend aan deze norm
voldaan zolang de apparatuur waarmee de eenheid
is verbonden, ook werkt onder SELV.
Vaara:
Tämä yksikkö sisältää kansainvälisen turva-
standardin IEC 950 mukaisia SELV (Safety Extra Low-
Voltage) -suojajännitepiirejä. Yksikkö täyttää
standardissa kuvatut ehdot vain, jos laite, johonyk-
sikkö liitetään, käyttää SELV-piirejä.
Fara: Den här enheten arbetar under villkoren för
kyddsklenspänning (Safety Extra Low Voltage) enligt
IEC 950. Dessa villkor uppfylls endast om utrustning
till vilken enheten ansluts också arbetar med sky-
ddsklenspänning.
Pericolo:
Questa unità funziona in condizioni di
bassissima tensionedi sicurezza (SELV, Safety Extra
Low Voltage) secondo l’IEC 950.Tali condizioni sono
rispettate solo se anche l’apparecchiaturaa cui
l’unità è collegata funziona in SELV.
Fare:
Dette utstyret drives med strøm fra kretser
med ekstra lav spenning (SELV-kretser) i henhold til
standarden IEC 950. Denne spenningen
opprettholdes kun dersom utstyret som det er
koblet til, også drives av såkalte SELV-kretser.
Perigo:
Esta unidade funciona sob condições SELV
(Safety Extra LowVoltage - Tensão Muito Baixa, de
Segurança), de acordo com anorma IEC 950. O
estabelecido nesta norma só poderá ser mantidose o
equipamento ao qual a unidade for ligada também
funcionarsob aquelas condições SELV.
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Safety Notices
A-7
Это устройство работает по стандарту IEC 950 в условиях
Безопасно низкого напряжения (SELV) только при условии,
что все оборудование в цепи отвечает стандартам SELV.
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A-8
APPENDIX A: SAFETY INFORMATION
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SCREEN ACCESS RIGHTS
B
This appendix lists the security access level you must
have to be able to access the ATM Module local
management screens, and lists the type of action that
can be performed for each security level.
Table B-1 Access Rights
Screen
Available to access level...
ATM Module
Configuration
Manager
Security
This appendix only covers screens specifically
associated with ATM functionality. Refer to the user
guide which accompanies your IBM 8271 Nways
Ethernet LAN Switch for additional screen access
rights.
ATM LEC Setup
Security
Manager
ATM ARP Table
Manager
Monitor
Security
ATM Port Setup
Manager
Monitor
Security
The general actions that can be performed by users
for each of the security access levels is as follows:
ATM Connection Table
ATM Port Statistics
ATM VLAN LEC Status
Manager
Monitor
Security
Security/Specialist — read and write
Manager — read and write
Monitor/Secure Monitor — read only
Manager
Monitor
Security
Table B-1 shows the access rights required for each of
the ATM screens.
Manager
Monitor
Security
Manager
Monitor
Security
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B-2
APPENDIX B: SCREEN ACCESS RIGHTS
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ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
C
Environmental Specifications
ATM Cable Specification
The environmental specifications for the ATM Module
are shown in Table C-1.
In addition to adhering to your local standards, all
cables must conform to:
Table C-1 Environmental Specifications
The American National Standard ATM Physical Layer
Medium Dependent (PMD) standard,
ISO.166-1990,
Operating Temperature
Operating Humidity
0 to 50° C / 32 to 122°F
10–95% relative humidity,
non-condensing
American National Standards Institute.
Standards
EN60068 (IEC68)
The ATM cable you connect to the ATM Module must
conform to the Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF-PMD)
standard defined by ANSI x.3-166-1992.
Safety
Agency Certifications
UL 1950,
EN60950,
CSA 22.2 No. 950,
ECMA 97
IBM supports 62.5/125mm Multi-Mode Fiber
(MMF-PMD). The maximum inter-station distance
(including device-to-network connectors) should not
exceed 2 kilometers (1.25 miles).
Table C-2 on page C-2 shows the cable specifications
for standard multi-mode cabling.
Electromagnetic Emissions
(Agency Certification)
EN55022 Class B,
FCC Part 15 Class A,
C108.8-M1983 Class A,
EN 50082-1 (IEC801 Parts 2-5),
EN60555 Part 2
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C-2
APPENDIX C: ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table C-2 Standard Multi-mode Cable Specifications
Table C-3 Alternative Multi-mode Cable Specifications
Specification
Core
Description
Core ( m)
Cladding ( m)
Numerical Aperture
62.5µm diameter
50
125
125
125
140
0.20
0.22
0.28
0.29
Cladding
125µm diameter nominal
122µm minimum
128µm maximum
50
85
100
Numerical aperture
0.275
Maximum attenuation
11dB (including 1dB allowed for
reflection and dispersion penalties)
If you are using fiber with a diameter of 50mm and
have IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN Switch
Modal bandwidth
500 MHz.km
equipment at both ends of the link, substitute 8.0dB
for the maximum attenuation. If IBM 8271 Nways
Ethernet LAN Switch equipment is only at one end,
substitute 6.0dB for the maximum attenuation value.
Maximum distance between
nodes
2km (1.25 miles)
Output power (from transceiver) -20dB minimum
-14dB maximum
Receiver power
-31dB minimum sensitivity
-14dB maximum sensitivity
If you are using equipment at the end of the link from
a vendor other than IBM, you must perform a
separate loss budget analysis. Contact the vendor(s)
for values to use in your analysis.
Maximum attenuation includes attenuation and the
loss induced by other components such as
connectors, splices, and the mating of unlike fiber
types. Although some 2km (1.25 miles) cables have a
total attenuation of less than 11dB, the 2km (1.25
miles) inter-station distance must be maintained to
comply with modal bandwidth requirements.
Does the Cable Provide Sufficient Bandw idth?
modal bandwidth because it varies with the modal
field (or core diameter) of the fiber.
Modal bandwidth is specified in units of MHz.km,
which indicates the amount of bandwidth supported
by the fiber for a 1km (0.625 miles) distance. Your
cable must have a Modal bandwidth of 500MHz,
which allows the cable to support end-to-end
bandwidth of 250MHz at the maximum 2km (1.25
miles) distance.
The maximum attenuation value in this table is based
on a cable diameter of 62.5, 80 or 100mm.
Table C-3 shows the alternative Multi-Mode fiber
types that can be used.
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ATM Cable Specification
C-3
To check that the bandwidth of your fiber is within an
acceptable range:
1 Divide the amount of bandwidth available according
to the fiber specification by the total length of fiber
(km).
2 If the result is lower than 250MHz, the link may be
prone to bit errors. You should shorten the length of
the fiber or use a different fiber until the result of the
calculation reaches 250MHz.
Example:
A cable with modal bandwidth of 500 MHz.km will
have 250 MHz of bandwidth at 2km (1.25 miles).
The same cable would have a 500MHz of bandwidth
at 1km (0.625 miles).
A fiber cable with a bandwidth specification of
200 MHz.km would have only 100MHz of bandwidth
at 2km (1.25 miles), which would not support ATM.
In this case, another type of fiber which has a
bandwidth of 155MHz would be required.
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C-4
APPENDIX C: ATM MODULE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
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TROUBLESHOOTING
D
If you have problems that are not addressed by
troubleshooting information in this guide, contact
IBM Technical Support, or your service person. For
Technical Support information refer to Appendix E.
How to Use this Guide to Troubleshoot
This troubleshooting section describes how to identify
the cause of a problem and suggests possible
solutions. Troubleshooting has been divided into four
sections.
■ Using LEDs
LEDs on the Switch and ATM Module provide
valuable status information that can be used for
troubleshooting. You may find it useful to
familiarize yourself with these LEDs before reading
the troubleshooting suggestions in the following
sections.
■ Identify the Problem
Use this section when you do not know the cause
of the problem.
■ Solving a know n Problem
Use this section when you have detected a
problem, and want to look up possible solutions.
You should read this troubleshooting information
in conjunction with the troubleshooting provided
in the user guide that accompanies your Switch.
■ Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors
This section tells you how to clean the fiber optic
connectors on the ATM Module and connecting
cables.
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D-2
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Using LEDs
Table D-2 LEDs on the ATM Module
Table D-1 describes the LEDs on the Switch, and Table
D-2 describes the LEDs on the ATM Module.
LED Name
Color/State
Green
Indicates
Far End Status
(On ATM Module)
The ATM Switch has not
detected an error on the ATM
Module’s transmit link.
Table D-1 LEDs on the Switch
LED Name
Green
Indicates
The ATM Switch at the far end
of the connection has detected a
problem with the ATM Module’s
MGMT
(On the front of
the Switch)
Switch and ATM Module are
operating normally.
OFF
(and Link
Status LED is transmit connection, and
Green
flashing
Switch or ATM Module is either
downloading software or initializing,
(which includes a Power On Self Test).
Green)
notified the ATM Module. For
example, the transmit half of the
ATM Module’s cable has been
disconnected at either the ATM
Module end or ATM Switch end
of the connection.
Yellow
Switch has failed its Power On Self
Test (POST)
Yellow
flashing
ATM Module failed its Power On Self
Test (POST).
The cable between the ATM
Module and ATM Switch has
been disconnected.
OFF
(and Link
Status LED is
OFF)
OFF
No power to the Switch.
Module
Green
ATM port enabled; link present.
(On the front of
the Switch)
Link Status
(On ATM Module)
Green
A link is present on the ATM
port, and the port is receiving
valid SONET frames.
Green
flashing
ATM port disabled; link present.
Green
(long on,
short off)
This LED will flash until all configured
LECs have successfully joined their
ELANs.
OFF
The Link is not present on the
ATM Port.
TX
Yellow
The ATM port is transmitting
Ethernet, LANE, Signalling or
control frames.
(On ATM Module)
Yellow
ATM agent software is not installed
correctly, or the ATM Module has
failed its POST (if the MGMT LED is
flashing yellow).
OFF
The ATM port is not transmitting
cells.
Yellow
flashing
Switch has not recognized the ATM
Module.
RX
Yellow
The ATM port is receiving data
cells.
(On ATM Module)
OFF
The ATM Module is not installed, or a
link is not present on the ATM port,
or the ATM Switch is not on.
OFF
The ATM port is not receiving
incoming cells.
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Identifying the Problem
D-3
Identifying the Problem
This section describes how to identify problems, and
suggests possible solutions. Flow diagrams have been
used to summarize the process, and each step shown
in the flow diagrams is described in more detail in the
text.
This section assumes that the following conditions
have been met:
■ The ATM Module has been installed correctly, as
described in Chapter 6, “Installing and Setting Up
the Module”.
■ The device is “alive” when pinged, and can be
■ Both the ATM Module and the ATM Switch or
attached ATM device are using the same physical
standard; either SONET STS-3c or SDH STM-1.
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Identifying the Problem
D-5
The numbered steps in this section relate to the
numbered steps shown in Figure D-1.
Access the Physical Layer Statistics Screen
a
Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from
the Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is
displayed.
b Ensure that the Port option is selected in the
Management Level field.
c
Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the
Figure D-2 ATM Physical Layer Statistics
■
■
Port
on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN
13
Switch Model 612 and IBM 8271 Nways
Ethernet LAN Switch Model 712
Are there Physical Layer Errors?
Port
on an IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN
25
a
If the OCD State field is set to Fail, there is a
Switch Model 624 and IBM 8271 Nways
Ethernet LAN Switch Model 524
problem with the physical connection.
b If there are a lot of errors, there is a problem with
d Select the STATS button. The ATM Port Statistics
the physical connection.
screen is displayed.
Is the error rate high?
e
Select the PHYSICAL button to display the SONET or
SDH physical layer statistics. An example of the
Physical Layer Statistics screen is shown in Figure D-2.
— go to step 3.
— go to step 4.
Yes
No
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D-6
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Check the Physical Connections
Access the ATM Port Setup Screen
a
Check that the Link Status and Far End Status LEDs on
the ATM Module are ON and lit green. If one or both
of the LEDs is not lit, there is a problem with the
physical connection. Follow the troubleshooting
information below:
Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from
the Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is
displayed.
b
c
Port
Ensure that the
option is selected in the
field.
a
b
c
Ensure that both devices are powered-up, and that
the ports at both ends of the link are enabled.
Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the
Port ID
field. For example the ATM port is:
■
Ensure that the cable is securely connected to the
port at both ends of the link.
Switch Model 612 and IBM 8271 Nways
Ethernet LAN Switch Model 712
Check each end of the cable to ensure that each of
the fiber connectors is correctly connected. If your
connectors can be reversed, you may need to
reverse the TX and RX cable connectors at one end
of the link.
■
Switch Model 624 and IBM 8271 Nways
Ethernet LAN Switch Model 524
d
Select the SETUP button to display ATM port setup
information. An example of the The ATM Port
Setup screen is shown in Figure D-3.
d
e
Remove any objects obstructing the cable and
straighten out any kinks in the cable.
If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is
dirty, see “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors”
in this section.
f
Check that your cable meets the specifications
described in “ATM Cable Specification” on page
C-1
g
h
Replace the cable with a cable known to be
working, and check the Link Status LED again.
If there is still a problem, contact your repair center
for advice. For more details, see Appendix E.
Figure D-3 ATM Port Setup Screen
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Identifying the Problem
D-7
Is the ATM Port Enabled?
Is the Port State field set to Enable?
— go to step 7.
— go to step 6.
Yes
No
Enable the ATM Port
Set the Port State field to Enable.
a
b Select the OK button.
Access the ATM Port Statistics Screen
Figure D-4 ATM Port Statistics
a
Select the SWITCH MANAGEMENT option from
the Main Menu. The Switch Management screen is
displayed.
Are Cells being transmitted and received?
b Ensure that the Port option is selected in the
Management Level field.
ATM generates a continuous stream of cells. If the
ATM port has been set up correctly, you should
always see cells being transmitted and received on
the ATM port (regardless of whether you are
transmitting or receiving data).
c
Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the
Port ID field.
d Select the STATS button. The ATM Port Statistics
screen is displayed. An example of the Port
Statistics screen is shown in Figure D-4.
Check the Cells Received and Frames Transmitted
statistics to see if there is ATM traffic on the
connection.
Is there ATM traffic on the port?
— go to step 9.
— Contact Technical Support.
Yes
No
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D-8
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Access the ATM VLAN LEC Status Screen
Is the LEC ATM Address Valid for the Default
VLAN?
a
From the Main Menu select the SWITCH
MANAGEMENT option. The Switch Management
screen is displayed.
Check that the ATM address in the LEC ATM Address
field is valid. For example, if the first part of the
address (the network prefix) is all zeros the ATM
Switch has not registered the ATM Module’s LEC.
b
c
d
e
Port
Ensure that the
option is selected in the
Management Level
field.
Ensure that the ATM port number is entered in the
Port ID
You can confirm that the ATM address of the LEC for
the default VLAN is registered by checking the
registered address table on the adjacent ATM Switch.
field.
Select the STATS button. The ATM Port Statistics
screen is displayed.
Is the ATM address valid and registered with the ATM
Switch?
Select the LEC button to display the ATM VLAN
LEC Status screen. An example of the ATM VLAN
LEC Status screen is shown in Figure D-5.
Yes — go to step 22.
No — go to step 11.
Is the ATM Sw itch Using AAL5?
It is very unlikely that your network has been
configured to use incompatible devices, but to rule
out the possibility, check that the ATM Switch uses
the AAL5 protocol.
Does the ATM Switch also use AAL5?
Yes — go to step 13.
No — go to step 12.
Figure D-5 ATM VLAN LEC Status Screen
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Identifying the Problem
D-9
Both Devices Must be AAL5 Compliant
The ATM Module is compatible with AAL5 ATM
devices. If the ATM Switch connected to the ATM
Module does not support AAL5, you will not be able
to get the two devices to communicate. Re-configure
your network to ensure that the ATM devices are
compatible.
Is ILMI Turned On?
Some devices enable you to turn the Interim Local
Management Interface (ILMI) on and off. ILMI on the
ATM Module is set to ON and cannot be configured
through the local management screens.
Figure D-6 ATM Module Configuration Screen
Is Signalling Compatible?
Check the user guides that accompany your ATM
Switch, to see if you can configure ILMI, and check to
see if it is turned on.
Signalling must be the same on both devices, and
must be either 3.0 or 3.1. The default on the ATM
Module is 3.1.
Is ILMI turned on at the ATM Switch?
Is the Signalling compatible?
— go to Step 15.
— go to Step 14.
Yes
No
— go to 18.
— go to 17.
Yes
No
Turn ILMI On
Make Signalling Compatible
Turn ILMI on at the ATM Switch. Refer to the user
guide that accompanies your ATM Switch.
Ensure that the Signalling mode is the same on the
ATM Module and the ATM Switch.
Access the ATM Module Configuration Screen
From the Main Menu select the ATM CONFIGURATION
option. An example of the ATM Module Configuration
screen is shown in Figure D-6.
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D-10
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Is the ILMI Connection Set Up Correctly?
Some ATM devices automatically negotiate the
number of bits used for the VPI and VCI fields. In this
situation you would only change the number of bits if
you want to increase the number of bits used by both
ATM devices.
To communicate with each other, edge-devices must
Interim Local Management Interface
connection.
use the same
(ILMI)
On the ATM Module the ILMI connection is specified in
ILMI VCC
On the ATM Module these settings are shown on the
ATM Module Configuration screen, see Figure D-6 on
the
MAX VPI Bits
page D-9. The default setting for
MAX VCI Bits
is 3,
Consult the user guide that accompanies the ATM
Switch to find out where the ILMI connection is
specified.
and 8 for
.
Refer to the ATM Switch user guide to find out how
to locate these settings on your ATM Switch.
Is the ILMI connection the same for the ATM Module
and the ATM Switch?
Are the settings compatible?
Yes — go to step 20.
No — go to step 19.
Yes — If you are still experiencing problems, contact
Technical support.
Make ILMI VPI/VCI Same at Both Ends of the Link
No — go to step 21.
Ensure that the ILMI VPI and VCI values are the same
on both the ATM Module and the relevant ATM
Switch port.
Make the MAX VPI and VCI Bits Compatible
MAX VPI Bits
MAX VCI Bits
and
Ensure that the
settings are compatible.
In most cases you should probably use the standard
ILMI VPI/VCI values: VPI = 0, VCI = 16.
Is the LEC Operational?
Are the MAX VPI and VCI Bits Compatible?
Using the ATM VLAN LEC Status screen, described in
Last LEC Failure Reason
step 9, check the
.
To communicate with each other, edge-devices must
MAX VPI Bits
MAX VCI Bits
use compatible
settings. The
and
MAX VCI Bits
settings
Last LEC Failure Reason
None
Is the
field set to
?
MAX VPI Bits
and
determine how many bits are used within each cell
header to define the value of the VPI and VCI. The VPI
and VCI values identify the connection.
Yes — the LEC is operational. Go to step 25.
No — go to step 23.
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Identifying the Problem
D-11
Why has the LEC Operation Failed?
Table D-3 LEC Operation at Failure
Operation
None
Description
There are two fields on the ATM VLAN LEC Status
screen, described in step 9, that can be used to
troubleshoot LEC failure problems. The LEC Operation
place when the LEC failed to successfully join the
Emulated LAN Services. The Last LEC Failure Reason
field identifies the probable cause of the problem.
There are no known operation failures.
Calling LECS
The LEC is trying to connect to the
LECS to receive LANE configuration
information.
Reading
Configuration
from LECS
The LEC receives configuration
information from the LECS in
preparation for joining the LES.
Use Table D-3, in conjunction with Table D-4 on page
D-12 to try and resolve the problem.
Joining LES
The LEC is trying to join the ELAN by
registering itself with the LES that
controls that ELAN.
When the LEC has joined the LES, it is
given a unique LAN Emulation Client
Identifier (LECID), knows the Emulated
LAN’s maximum frame size, and knows
its LAN type (either Ethernet or Token
Ring).
Initial Registration After joining, a LEC can register any
number of MAC addresses and/or
Route Descriptors (for Token Ring
implementations).
Connecting to BUS In order to establish a connection to
the Broadcast and Unknown Server
(BUS) the LEC requires the broadcast
address. It requests the broadcast
address from the LES.
Operational
The LEC is now part of the ELAN.
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D-12
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued)
Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
State
None
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Invalid Request
Parameters
The LEC may be
Check the underlying
media for both the
ELAN and the LEC
The LEC is either
inactive or has
successfully completed
None required.
requesting a resource
that is on an ELAN
which has a different
LAN type to the LEC.
The LES/LECS has
rejected a request
from the LEC
requesting the service.
the operation.
Timeout
The software has been If there is a LECS on
set up to use a LECS, your network, ensure
but a LECS is either not that it is operational
present on the network and on part of the
because the request The frame size used
Check the frame sizes
being used.
A task could not be
completed within
its allotted time
frame.
parameters were
incompatible with
could be wrong.
or broken.
network that can be
accessed by the ATM
Module.
Duplicate LAN
Destination
The LES has received a Ensure that MAC
request from a LEC
addresses are unique.
which contains a MAC
A destination source address already
If a LECS is not present
on the network, you
must enter the LES
Address for each ELAN
manually using the ATM
VLAN Setup Screen
(see “Extending VLANs
into the ATM Network”
on page 8-4).
MAC address
duplicates a
previously registered
MAC address.
registered to another
LEC on the same ELAN.
You may have
accidentally entered the
same MAC addresses
twice.
(continued)
The LES for the ELAN is Contact Technical
not functioning
correctly
Support.
Undefined Error
Unknown.
Contact Technical
Support.
An error has
occurred but no
cause can be
identified.
Version Not
Supported
The LANE services you Ensure that the LANE
are trying to connect
to, do not support
LANE version 1.0.
Services use LANE 1.0.
LANE 1.0 not
supported.
(continued)
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Identifying the Problem
D-13
Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued)
Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued)
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Duplicated ATM
Address
The LES has received a Ensure that ATM
Insufficient
Resources
Too many connections You may wish to
have been requested consider extending or
and the tables used by restructuring your
request from a LEC addresses are unique.
which contains an ATM Check the LES
address already database for duplicate
addresses.
A source ATM
There are
insufficient
the LES may be full,
and the connection
network.
address duplicates a registered to another
previously
registered ATM
LEC on the same ELAN.
resources to grant a cannot be set up.
request.
address.
For example, if a LES is
faulty, when a LEC
The ATM Switch is busy Use a separate ATM
and cannot provide
LECS functionality.
Switch for LECS
functionality.
disconnects from the
LES, the LES might fail
to register the change.
When the LEC tries to
rejoin the LES, the LES
still has that LEC’s ATM
address in its database,
and thinks that two
devices have the same
ATM address.
There is a mismatch
between the VPI/VCI
range supported by
adjacent ATM devices.
Make the MAX VPI/VCI
Bits compatible.
Example:
If Switch A supports
VPI/VCI values 7:511
and Switch B only
supports values up to
7:255, when Signalling
tries to set up a
You may have
accidentally entered
the same ATM
connection using the
VPI/VCI value 7:256,
Switch B rejects the
connection.
addresses twice.
(continued)
Access Denied
The LEC is trying to join Check your LANE
an ELAN that it is not Services setup.
The LES has denied allowed to access.
the LEC access to
the ELAN for
security reasons.
(continued)
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D-14
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued)
Table D-4 Last LEC Failure Reason (continued)
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
State
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Invalid
Requestor ID
There is a problem with Contact Technical
LE_CONFIGURE
Error
The information
provided by the LEC
may be invalid.
As this state is used to
indicate a range of
problems, you should
check the other states
and solutions
described in this table.
If this does not resolve
the problem contact
Technical Support.
the LEC software.
Support.
The LEC Identifier
(LECID) is not zero,
or is not recognized
as this LEC’s LECID.
This state may be
given to refuse a
service without
giving a specific
reason.
Invalid LAN
Destination
You may have
Check that the Local
Administration
Address is valid.
configured an illegal
Local Administration
Address.
Check that the ELAN
You are trying to
register a multicast
address with the LES.
You may have entered name is correct, and
an invalid ELAN name. the ELAN has been set
up correctly.
Local Administration
Address setup is
beyond the scope of
this guide.
Insufficient
Information
The MAC address may Check that each MAC
be invalid.
address on your
network is unique.
Invalid ATM
Address
The ATM address field Contact your supplier
may have been
or Technical Support.
The LEC has not
provided sufficient
information to
allow the LECS to
assign it to a specific which has a different
ELAN. LAN type to the LEC.
corrupted or not in the
correct format.
The LEC may be
requesting a resource
that is on an ELAN
Check the LAN type
used.
Source or
destination ATM
address is not in a
For example, it may be
recognized format. in E.164 when OSI
N-SAP address coding
is required.
You may have entered Check that the ELAN
an invalid ELAN name. name is correct, and
the ELAN has been set
No Configuration The MAC address may Check that each MAC
be invalid.
address on your
network is unique.
The LECS/LES does
not recognize the
LEC or the
up correctly.
The LEC may be
Check the LAN type
used.
requested ELAN
requesting a resource
that is on an ELAN
which has a different
LAN type to the LEC.
Is the LEC Operational Now ?
Yes — Go to step 25.
No — Contact Technical Support. Refer to Appendix E.
You may have entered Check that the ELAN
an invalid ELAN name. name is correct, and
the ELAN has been set
up correctly.
(continued)
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Identifying the Problem
D-15
Has the Problem been Solved?
Are the LECs on the Same Emulated LAN?
— No further action is required.
— There may be a configuration problem with
your network, see “ELAN Configuration Problems”.
Check that the LECs on the ATM devices that wish to
communicate are on the same Emulated LAN, and
that they are on the same LAN technology. If the LECs
are not on the same ELAN and LAN type, they will not
be able to communicate (except through the use of a
routing protocol).
Yes
No
ELAN Configuration Problems
Figure D-7 shows a flow diagram to help you resolve
problems associated with Emulated LAN (ELAN)
configuration. The steps shown in the flow diagram
Are the LECs on the same ELAN and LAN type?
— go to step 3.
— go to step 2.
Yes
No
Re-map or Route the LEC
Devices will not be able to communicate with each
other if they are on different ELANs or use different
LAN types, for example, if one device is on a Fast
Ethernet LAN and the other is on a Token Ring LAN.
Check that you really wish the end-devices to
communicate with each other and that they use the
same LAN type. If the answer is yes you should either
move one of the LECs or use routing, as described
below:
Move one of the LECs
Move one of the LECs onto the same ELAN as the
other LEC. On the ATM Module you can assign a LEC
to a different ELAN as follows:
Figure D-7 ELAN Configuration Flow Diagram
a
Select the ATM CONFIGURATION option from the
Main Menu. The ATM Module Configuration screen
is displayed, as shown in Figure D-6. Select the
ATM LEC SETUP button.
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D-16
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
An example of the ATM LEC Setup screen is shown
in Figure D-8.
Is the MAC Address in the Sw itch Database?
If the MAC Address of a device connected to an
Ethernet port on the Switch is not entered in the
Switch Database, none of the LECs on the Switch can
act as a proxy for that device. All LE_ARP requests will
fail to locate the MAC address, and the requesting
LEC will not be able to map an ATM address to that
MAC address.
b
c
d
Select the VLAN associated with the LEC that you
wish to move.
Either enter the ATM address of the LES that the
LEC is going to join, or select LECS.
In the ELAN name field, enter the name of the
ELAN that the LEC is now to join and select the
APPLY button.
If a LEC fails to map an ATM address to a MAC
address, locate the device with that MAC address.
Is the MAC address in the Switch Database of the
Switch connected to the device with that MAC
address?
Yes — Go to step 5.
No — Go to step 4.
Enter the MAC Address in the Sw itch Database
There are several reasons why the MAC address is not
in the Switch Database:
■
The Switch Database is full.
Figure D-8 ATM VLAN LEC Setup
■
The entry may have timed-out.
■
There may have been a problem with the physical
connection between the device and the Ethernet
port on the Switch.
Use routing
Devices on one Emulated LAN can only communicate
with devices on another Emulated LAN using routing
protocols. Routing is outside the scope of this user
guide. Consult the user guide that accompanies your
router.
Identify the problem, and ensure that the MAC
address is added to the Switch Database.
Is There Still a Problem?
Yes — Contact Technical Support. Refer to Appendix E.
No — No further action is required.
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Solving Known Problems
D-17
Solving Know n Problems
Use this section if you have already pin-pointed the
problem, and wish to look up possible solutions.
Solutions are presented as a series of tables, and each
table relates to a logical problem area:
■ Power Supply problems
■ Power On Self Test (POST) failure
■ Cable connection problems
■ ATM problems
■ VLAN or ELAN problems
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D-18
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Pow er Supply Problems
Table D-5 Power Supply Problems
Problem
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Sw itch does not pow er up
■
Insufficient power supply to the Switch
■
If the Switch does not power-up correctly when the
ATM Module is installed, you may require a different
power supply. Refer to the Release Notes for
information about IBM power supplies.
■
■
■
System is not receiving power
Power supply malfunction
Blown fuse
■
■
■
Check that the power supply is plugged into the
device and power outlet.
Check that the main power supply switch on the wall
is set to the ON position.
Check, and if necessary change, the fuse. Refer to
the user guide that accompanies your Switch for
details about changing fuses and safety instructions.
■
■
Replace the power cable.
Contact IBM Technical Support.
Sw itch pow ers up but then
shuts itself dow n after a
few minutes
■
Insufficient power supply.
■
If the Switch powered-up correctly before the ATM
Module was installed, there may be insufficient
power available to power the Switch under heavy
traffic conditions. Refer to the Release Notes.
■
■
■
Wiring closet is too hot
Vents are blocked
■
Check that the room temperature does not exceed
50°C (122°F), and that the Switch is positioned
correctly so that it has adequate ventilation.
If the temperature exceeds the recommendations,
lower the thermostat and wait for the room to reach
the correct temperature range.
System fans are not operating
Restart the Switch. If the Switch turns itself off again,
contact IBM Technical Support.
Circuit breaker trips
■
■
External wiring problem
Power supply failure
■
Turn the Switch off.
Check with your local electricity supplier or company
electrician that there is not an external electricity
problem.
If you suspect the problem is caused by an IBM
device, contact IBM Technical Support.
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Solving Known Problems
D-19
Pow er On Self Test (POST) Failure
Table D-6 Power On Self Test (POST) Failure
Problem
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Sw itch Fails Pow er On Self
Test (POST)
MGMT LED is Yellow
■
■
The version of software on your Switch
is not correct.
■
Upgrade the version of software on the Switch.
There is a hardware problem with the
Switch.
■
Contact Technical Support.
ATM Module Fails Pow er ON
Self Test (POST)
MGMT LED is Yellow flashing
■
■
The version of software on your ATM
Module is not correct or has become
corrupted.
■
■
Upgrade the version of software on the ATM
Module.
There is a hardware problem with the
ATM Module.
Contact Technical Support.
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D-20
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
Cable Connection Problems
Table D-7 Cable Connection Problems
Problem
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
Link Status LED indicates that
there is a problem with a link.
■
One or both of the ATM ports forming
the connection are turned off (disabled).
■
Ensure that both ports are enabled.
Far End Status LED indicates
that there is a problem with the
ATM Module’s transmit
connection.
■
The cable at either end of the link has
become loose or accidentally
disconnected.
■
Ensure that the cable is securely connected to the
port at both ends of the link.
■
The two connectors at one end of the
fiber cable may be plugged into the port
the wrong way around.
■
Check each end of the cable to ensure that each of
the fiber connectors is correctly connected. You may
need to reverse the TX and RX cable connectors at
one end of the connection.
■
■
The fiber optic is caught under a heavy
object or become bent out of shape.
■
■
Remove any obstructions and straighten out any
kinks in the cable.
The cable connector may be dirty.
If you suspect that the fiber optic connector is dirty,
refer to “Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors” in
this chapter.
■
■
The cable may be broken.
■
■
Replace the cable, and check the LED again.
The connector itself is physically
damaged.
Contact your repair center for advice. For more
details, refer to Appendix E.
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Solving Known Problems
D-21
ATM Problems
Table D-8 ATM Problems
Problem
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
The ATM Connection Table is
only show ing reserved ATM
Connections
■
The ATM Switch connected to the ATM
Module is using a different VPI:VCI value
for ILMI.
■
Check that the devices at both ends of the
connection are using the same ILMI VPI:VCI.
■
Check version of signalling in use. The ATM Switch
must use version 3.0 or 3.1 to be able to
communicate with the ATM Module.
Symptoms:
■
The VLAN LEC Status screen,
described in “ATM VLAN
LEC Status” on page 9-5,
shows that the LEC is
Inactive and there is no
network prefix for the LEC
ATM address.
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D-22
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
VLAN or ELAN Problems
Table D-9 VLAN or ELAN Problems
Problem
Possible Causes
Possible Solutions
The configured LECs cannot
communicate w ith each
other
■
The devices that need to communicate
are not in the same VLAN/ELAN.
■
■
Check that the ELAN name has been set up correctly.
Check LAN Emulation supported on the ATM Switch.
The ATM Switch must use LAN Emulation Version 1.0.
Possible symptom:
■
Check that the correct VPI/VCI are used and that
there they have not been mismatched. Refer to
“Intermittent failure of a configured LEC to connect
to the LECS or LES” below.
The Last LEC Failure Reasons,
described in Table D-4 on page
D-12, is LE_CONFIGURE or
similar error type.
■
■
Ensure that both LECs are within the same
VLAN/ELAN. LECs not in the same VLAN/ELAN can
only communicate using a router.
Insufficient Resources
■
■
Excessive traffic is overloading the ATM
device, and it does not have sufficient
You may need to reconfigure or restructure your
network. For example, you may wish to use a
separate ATM Switch for LECS functionality.
A LEC requires a separate connection for
each LEC with which it needs to
the connections at the same time, the
ATM Module may run out of connections.
■
■
Do not try to bring up too many connections at the
same time.
You may need to reconfigure or restructure your
network.
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Solving Known Problems
D-23
Table D-9 VLAN or ELAN Problems
Intermittent failure of a
configured LEC to connect to
the LECS or LES
■
The MAX VPI Bits and MAX VCI Bits
settings are incompatible between ATM following steps should be carried out in order:
devices. For example, if auto-
configuration is not enabled, and the
Identify the connection that is causing the problem. The
1 Check that the MAX VPI/VCI Bits are compatible on
the edge-device to ATM Switch User-to-Network
Symptom:
MAX VPI/VCI Bits have been set up
interface (UNI).
■
Insufficient resource error
message.
incorrectly.
2 Check that the MAX VPI/VCI Bit settings are
■
Each ATM device supports a separate
■
LECs fail but seem to
automatically recover.
and sometimes different pre-set range
and the LECS.
of VPI/VCI values. When Signalling tries
3 Check that the MAX VPI/VCI Bit settings are
compatible on all ATM devices between the LEC and
the LES.
to set up the VPI/VCI values for a
connection, it automatically suggests the
next available value in a pre-set range of
values supported by the source Switch.
If the adjacent ATM Switch does not
support these values, it rejects the
connection, and an insufficient resource
error message is displayed.
When you have identified the connection, manually
reconfigure the VPI/VCI values to make them
compatible.
Example:
If Switch A supports VPI/VCI values 7:511
and Switch B only supports values up to
7:255, when Signalling tries to set up a
connection using the VPI/VCI value 7:256,
Switch B rejects the connection.
If you have problems that are not addressed by
troubleshooting information in this guide, contact
Technical Support, or your service person. For
Technical Support information refer to Appendix E.
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D-24
APPENDIX D: TROUBLESHOOTING
To clean the cable connectors:
Cleaning Dirty Fiber Optic Connectors
1
2
Gently wipe the port with a lint-free, non-abrasive
swab.
To prevent dirt and dust from collecting on the fiber
optic connectors, avoid touching all surfaces after
cleaning the connectors, and keep all unused ports
covered.
Gently wipe the connectors with a lint-free,
non-abrasive wipe or pad.
Fiber optic transceivers are sensitive optical devices
that need to be handled carefully. If dirt collects on
the fiber optic connectors, you may notice the
following:
■
The Link Status LED (for the receive fiber) on the
ATM Module does not light.
■
The Far End Status LED does light.
■
Degraded performance on that port, indicated by
an increase in the Errors Received statistic counter.
The Errors Received statistic counter is described in
“ATM Port Statistics” on page 9-3.
To clean fiber optic connectors on the ATM Module:
1
2
Remove any accumulated dust or debris from the
connector by blowing canned air over all surfaces.
Do not use commercial compressed air or house air,
because of the risk of oil contamination.
Reconnect the cable to the port to see if the dusting
corrected the problem.
If the LED still indicates a problem, clean the cable
connectors.
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TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICE
E
This appendix provides contacts for help if you have
questions about the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet LAN
Switch products or if the IBM 8271 Nways Ethernet
LAN Switch products are not working correctly. It
also explains how to access the IBM electronic sites
to obtain the latest versions of microcode and
release notes.
IBM Bulletin Board System
Using a modem you can access the IBM BSS to
obtain the latest versions of software. Set your
modem and communications software to:
8 data bits
no parity
1 stop bit
Electronic Support
Dial one of the following numbers:
United States: (919) 517-0001
Toronto (905) 316-4255
This section explains how to access the IBM elec-
tronic site to obtain the latest version of microcode,
drivers, and software by using the Internet World
Wide Web, FTP, or the IBM BSS.
Vancouver: (604) 664-6464
Montreal: (514) 938-3022
WWW
http://www.networking.ibm.com/
This is the IBM Networking home page. From here,
you can access product announcements, publica-
tions, and other information regarding hardware
and software updates, and a technical support infor-
mation database. The direct path to the support
area is:
Voice Support
IBM Network Hardware support: 1-800-772-2227.
Follow the menu prompts for Network Hardware.
For support outside of the United States, please
contact your IBM marketing representative or IBM
reseller.
http://www.networking.ibm.com/
nes/neshome.html
FTP
lansupport.raleigh.ibm.com
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E-2
APPENDIX E: TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICE
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NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES
F
References in this publication to IBM products, pro-
grams, or services do not imply that IBM intends to
make these available in all countries in which IBM
operates. Any reference to an IBM product, pro-
gram, or service is not intended to state or imply
that only IBM’s product, program, or service may be
used. Any functionally equivalent product, program,
or service that does not infringe any of IBM’s intel-
lectual property rights may be used instead of the
IBM product, program, or service. Evaluation and
verification of operation in conjunction with other
products, except those expressly designated by IBM,
are the user’s responsibility.
Trademarks
The following terms are trademarks of the IBM Cor-
poration in the United States or other countries or
both:
IBM, Nways
SmartAgent is a registered trademark, and PACE is a
trademark, of 3Com Corporation.**
VT100 is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corpora-
tion.
Novell is a registered trademark of Novell, Incorpo-
rated. IPX is a trademark of Novell, Incorporated.
IBM may have patents or pending patent applica-
tions covering subject matter in this document. The
furnishing of this document does not give you any
license to these patents. You can send license inquir-
ies, in writing, to the IBM Director of Licensing, IBM
Corporation, 500 Columbus Avenue, THORNWOOD
NY 10594 USA.
Other company, product, and service names, which
may be denoted by a double asterisk (**), may be
trademarks or service marks of others.
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F-2
APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES
The IBM Warranty for Machines
Statement of Limited Warranty
IBM warrants that each Machine 1) is free from
defects in materials and workmanship and
2) conforms to IBM's Official Published Specifica-
tions. The warranty period for a Machine is a speci-
fied, fixed period commencing on its Date of
Installation. The date on your receipt is the Date of
Installation, unless IBM or your reseller informs you
otherwise.
The warranties provided by IBM in this State-
ment of Limited Warranty apply only to
Machines you originally purchase for your use,
and not for resale, from IBM or your reseller.
The term "Machine" means an IBM machine, its
features, conversions, upgrades, elements, or
accessories, or any combination of them. Unless
IBM specifies otherwise, the following warran-
ties apply only in the country where you
During the warranty period IBM or your reseller, if
authorized by IBM, will provide warranty service
under the type of service designated for the
Machine and will manage and install engineering
changes that apply to the Machine.
acquire the Machine. If you have any questions,
.
contact IBM or your reseller
Machine: IBM 8271 Nw ays Ethernet LAN
Sw itch ATM OC-3c Module
For IBM or your reseller to provide warranty service
for a feature, conversion, or upgrade, IBM or your
reseller may require that the Machine on which it is
installed be 1) for certain Machines, the designated,
serial-numbered Machine and 2) at an engineer-
ing-change level compatible with the feature, con-
version, or upgrade. Many of these transactions
involve the removal of parts and their return to IBM.
that are provided on an exchange basis. You repre-
sent that all removed parts are genuine and unal-
tered. A part that replaces a removed part will
assume the warranty service status of the replaced
part.
Warranty Period*: 1 Year
*Contact your place of purchase for warranty
service information.
Production Status
Each Machine is manufactured from new parts, or
new and used parts. In some cases, the Machine
may not be new and may have been previously
installed. Regardless of the Machine's production
status, IBM's warranty terms apply.
If a Machine does not function as warranted during
the warranty period, IBM or your reseller will repair
or replace it with one that is at least functionally
equivalent, without charge. The replacement may
not be new, but it will be in good working order. If
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Statement of Limited Warranty
F-3
IBM or your reseller is unable to repair or replace
the Machine, you may return it to your place of pur-
chase and your money will be refunded.
ations, and attachments not under warranty ser-
vice. You also agree to ensure that the Machine is
free of any legal obligations or restrictions that pre-
vent its exchange.
If you transfer a Machine to another user, warranty
service is available to that user for the remainder of
the warranty period. You should give your proof of
purchase and this Statement to that user. However,
for machines which have a life-time warranty, this
warranty is not transferable.
You agree to:
1 obtain authorization from the owner to have IBM or
your reseller service a Machine that you do not
own; and
2 where applicable, before service is provided —
a
follow the problem determination, problem analy-
sis, and service request procedures that IBM or
your reseller provide,
Warranty Service
To obtain warranty service for the Machine, you
should contact your reseller or call IBM. In the
United States, call IBM at 1-800-IBM-SERV
(426-7378). In Canada, call IBM at
b secure all programs, data, and funds contained in
a Machine, and
1-800-465-6666. You may be required to present
proof of purchase.
c
inform IBM or your reseller of changes in a
Machine's location.
IBM or your reseller will provide certain types of
repair and exchange service, either at your location
or at IBM’s or your reseller’s service center, to restore
a Machine to good working order.
IBM is responsible for loss of, or damage to, a
Machine while it is 1) in IBM’s possession or 2) in
transit in those cases where IBM is responsible for
the transportation charges.
When a type of service involves the exchange of a
Machine or part, the item IBM or your reseller
replaces becomes its property and the replacement
becomes yours. You represent that all removed
items are genuine and unaltered. The replacement
may not be new, but will be in good working order
and at least functionally equivalent to the item
replaced. The replacement assumes the warranty
service status of the replaced item. Before IBM or
your reseller exchanges a Machine or part, you
agree to remove all features, parts, options, alter-
Extent of Warranty
IBM does not warrant uninterrupted or error-free
operation of a Machine.
The warranties may be voided by misuse, accident,
modification, unsuitable physical or operating envi-
ronment, improper maintenance by you, removal or
alteration of Machine or parts identification labels,
or failure caused by a product for which IBM is not
responsible.
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F-4
APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES
THESE WARRANTIES REPLACE ALL OTHER WARRAN-
TIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABIL-
ITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
THESE WARRANTIES GIVE YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL
RIGHTS AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS
WHICH VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO JURISDIC-
TION. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE
EXCLUSION OF EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION MAY
NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN THAT EVENT SUCH WAR-
RANTIES ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE WAR-
RANTY PERIOD. NO WARRANTIES APPLY AFTER
THAT PERIOD.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS IBM LIABLE FOR
ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: 1) THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS
AGAINST YOU FOR LOSSES OR DAMAGES (OTHER
THAN THOSE UNDER THE FIRST ITEM LISTED
ABOVE); 2) LOSS OF, OR DAMAGE TO, YOUR
RECORDS OR DATA; OR 3) SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
OR INDIRECT DAMAGES OR FOR ANY ECONOMIC
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST
PROFITS OR SAVINGS), EVEN IF IBM OR YOUR
RESELLER IS INFORMED OF THEIR POSSIBILITY. SOME
JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION
OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUEN-
TIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION OR
LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you
may also have other rights which vary from jurisdic-
tion to jurisdiction.
Limitation of Liability
Circumstances may arise where, because of a
default on IBM's part or other liability (including
negligence and misrepresentation), you are entitled
to recover damages from IBM. In each such
instance, regardless of the basis on which you are
entitled to claim damages from IBM (including fun-
damental breach, negligence, misrepresentation, or
other contract or tort claim), IBM is liable only for:
1
2
Damages for bodily injury (including death) and
damage to real property and tangible personal prop-
erty; and
The amount of any other actual direct damages or
loss, up to the greater of US$100,000 or the
charges (if recurring, 12 months’ charges apply) for
the Machine that is the subject of the claim.
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Electronic Emission Notices
F-5
Canadian Department of Communications (DOC)
Compliance Statement
Electronic Emission Notices
This equipment does not exceed Class A limits per
radio noise emissions for digital apparatus, set out
in the Radio Interference Regulation of the Cana-
dian Department of Communications. Operation in
a residential area may cause unacceptable interfer-
ence to radio and TV reception requiring the owner
or operator to take whatever steps are necessary to
correct the interference.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to
comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equip-
ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fre-
quency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Oper-
ation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause harmful interference, in which case the
user will be required to correct the interference at
his own expense.
Avis de conformite aux normes du ministere des
Communications du Canada
Cet equipment ne depasse pas les limits de Classe A
d'emission de bruits radioelectriques pour les appar-
eils numeriques, telles que prescrites par le Regle-
ment sur le brouillage radioelectrique etabli par le
ministere des Communications du Canada. L'exploi-
tation faite en milieu residentiel peut entrainer le
brouillage des receptions radio et tele, ce qui oblig-
erait le proprietaire ou l'operateur a prendre les dis-
positions necessaires pour en eleminer les causes.
Properly shielded and grounded cables and connec-
tors must be used in order to meet FCC emission
limits. IBM is not responsible for any radio or televi-
sion interference caused by using other than recom-
mended cables and connectors or by unauthorized
changes or modifications to this equipment. Unau-
thorized changes or modifications could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
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F-6
APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES
European Union (EU) Statement
Das Gerät erfüllt die Schutzanforderungen nach
EN.50082-1 und EN 55022 Klasse B.
This product is in conformity with the protection
requirements of EU Council Directive 89/336.EEC
on the approximation of the laws of the Member
States relating to electromagnetic compatibility. IBM
cannot accept responsibility for any failure to satisfy
the protection requirements resulting from a
non-recommended modification of the product,
including the fitting of non-IBM option cards.
EN 50082-1 Hinweis:
“Wird dieses Geräte in einer industriellen Umge-
bung betrieben (wie in EN 50082-2 festgelegt),
dann kann es dabei eventuell gest
ö werden. In solch
einem Fall ist der Abstand bzw. die Abschirmung zu
der industriellen Störquelle zu verö
Anmerkung:
ßern.
This product has been tested and found to comply
with the limits for Class B Information Technology
Equipment according to CISPR22/European Stan-
dard EN 55022. The limits for Class B equipment
were derived for typical residential environments to
provide reasonable protection against interference
with licensed communication devices.
Um die Einhaltung des EMVG sicherzusellen sind
die Geräte, wie in den IBM Handüchern angege-
ben, zu installieren und zu betreiben.
Properly shielded and grounded cables and connec-
tors must be used in order to reduce the potential
for causing interference to radio and TV communi-
cations and to other electrical or electronic equip-
ment. Such cables and connectors are available from
IBM authorized dealers. IBM cannot accept responsi-
bility for any interference caused by using, other
than recommended cables and connectors
Zulassungsbescheinigung Laut dem Deutschen
Gesetz über die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit
von Geräten (EMVG) vom 30, August 1995 (bzw.
der EMC EG Richlinie 89/336)
Dieses Gerät ist berechtigt in Übereinstimmung mit
dem Deutschen EMVG das EG-Konformitätszeichen
- CE - zu führen.
Verantworlich für die Konformitätserklärung nach
Paragraph 5 des EMVG ist die IBM Corporation.
Deutschland Informationssysteme GmbH, 70548
Stuttgart.
Informationen in Hinsicht EMVG Paragraph 3 Abs.
(2) 2:
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Electronic Emission Notices
F-7
Japanese Voluntary Control Council for Interference
(VCCI) Statement Class B
Information To The User
If this equipment does cause interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by
one or more of the following measures:
This is a Class B product based on the standard of
the Voluntary Control Council for Interference from
Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this
equipment is used near a radio or television
receiver in a domestic environment, it may cause
radio interference. Install and use the equipment
according to the instruction manual.
Reorient the receiving antenna.
Relocate the equipment with respect to the
receiver.
Move the equipment away from the receiver.
Plug the equipment into a different outlet so that
equipment and receiver are on different branch
circuits.
Korean Communications Statement
Please note that this device has been approved for
business purpose with regard to electromagnetic
interference. If you find this is not suitable for your
use, you may exchange it for a non-business pur-
pose one.
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F-8
APPENDIX F: NOTICES, TRADEMARKS, AND WARRANTIES
If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an
experienced radio/television technician for addi-
tional suggestions. The user may find the following
booklet prepared by the Federal Communications
Commission helpful:
How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference
Problems
This booklet is available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No.
004-000-00345-4.
In order to meet FCC emissions limits, this equip-
ment must be used only with cables which comply
with IEEE 802.3.
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GLOSSARY
AAL
ATM Forum
A consortium of organizations representing vendors,
ATM Adaptation Layer — A set of protocols that
translate user higher-layer protocols into ATM cell
format. The AAL is divided into the Convergence
Sublayer (CS) and the Segmentation and Reassembly
(SAR) sublayer.
manufacturers, carriers, service providers, universities,
research groups, consultants and users.
The ATM Forum recommends and defines
specifications for ATM standards, promotes industry
cooperation in the implementation of ATM
technologies, and encourages the use of ATM
products and services.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute. A United
States technology standards organization.
ATM Sw itch
ARP
An ATM device responsible for switching the cells.
Address Resolution Protocol — See LE_ARP.
Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
B-ISDN
ASIC
ATM
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network — A
protocol platform to support the integrated,
high-speed transmission of data, audio and video in a
seamless fashion. ATM emerged as a suitable
transport standard.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode — A connection
oriented transmission protocol based on fixed length
cells (packets) of 53 bytes (including a 5-byte cell
header) in length.
BUS
Broadcast and Unknown Server — A server that
forwards multicast, broadcast and unknown
destination address traffic to the LECs attached to the
Emulated LAN.
The ATM concept was defined by ANSI and ITU
(formerly CCITT) for carrying a complete range of user
traffic, including voice, data and video signals, on any
User-To-Network Interface (UNI).
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2
GLOSSARY
Byte
Cell
E.164
EFCI
An Octet or 8 bits of data.
An 8-byte address format. In ATM it is typically used
in public networks and it is provided by the
telecommunication carriers, while 20-byte NSAP
(Network Service Access Point) format addresses are
used within private networks.
Basic ATM transmission unit. It is a 53-byte packet,
consisting of a 5-byte header and a 48-byte payload.
User traffic is segmented into cells at the source and
reassembled at the destination.
Explicit Forward Congestion Indication — A 1-bit field
in the PTI that contains information about whether
congestion at an intermediate node has been
experienced. The EFCI bit is set when a threshold (for
example, buffer contents) has been exceeded.
Cell Header
The 5-byte ATM cell header contains control
information regarding the destination path and flow
control.
ELAN
More specifically it contains the following fields: GFG,
VPI, VCI, PTI, CLP and HEC.
LAN Emulation
Emulated LAN — See
.
CLP
firew all
Cell Loss Priority — A 1-bit field in the ATM cell
header that corresponds to the loss priority of a cell.
Lower priority (CLP = 1) cells can be discarded under
congestion situations.
Isolation of LAN segments from each other to protect
data resources and help manage traffic.
Flash EPROM
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
technology providing non-volatile storage that can be
electrically erased in the circuit and reprogrammed;
developed by Intel and licensed to other
connectionless
Communications service where packets are
transferred from source to destination without the
need for a pre-established connection.
semi-conductor companies.
connection oriented
Flow Control
Communications service where an initial connection
between the end points (source and destination) must
be set up prior to data transmission. ATM and Frame
Relay are Connection Oriented.
A method used in networking for congestion
avoidance and traffic regulation.
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GLOSSARY
3
GFC
HEC
ILMI
LEC
Generic Flow Control — A 4-bit field in the ATM cell
header in order to support multiplexing functions. Its
default value is ‘0000’, when the GFC protocol is not
enforced. The GFC mechanism is intended to support
simple flow control in ATM connections.
LAN Emulation Client — Typically located in an ATM
end-system (for example, an ATM Module or ATM
Switch), its task is to maintain address resolution
tables and to forward data traffic. It is uniquely
associated with an ATM address.
LECS
LES
Header Error Control or Header Error Check — A
1-byte field in the cell header used for the header
error detection and correction. Due to the importance
of the information contained in the header, HEC is a
useful and important field.
LAN Emulation Configuration Server — A server
whose main function is to provide configuration
information to a LEC (such as the ELAN it belongs to
or its LES).
LAN Emulation Server — A server that provides
support for the LAN Emulation address resolution
protocol (LE_ARP). The LECs register their own ATM
and MAC addresses with the LES. A LES is uniquely
identified by an ATM address.
Interim Local Management Interface — Published by
the ATM Forum, this standard provides extra
diagnostic, monitoring and configuration services at
the User-to-Network Interface (UNI). It uses the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and a MIB.
link
LAN Emulation (LANE)
A technique that specifies the interfaces and
Physical connection between two nodes in a network.
It can consist of a data communication circuit or a
direct channel (cable) connection.
protocols needed for providing LAN-supported
functionality and connectivity in an ATM Environment.
LANE allows existing LAN protocols to interoperable
with the ATM protocols, interfaces and devices.
MIB
Management Information Base — A data structure
that defines objects for referencing variables such as
integers and strings. In general, it contains
LE_ARP
LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol — The
ARP used in LAN Emulation for binding a requested
ATM address to the MAC address.
information regarding a network’s management and
performance, for example, traffic parameters.
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4
GLOSSARY
multiplex
PVC
In this user guide, multiplexing means to take packets
from several sources and interleave them into one
connection. For example, packets from data, voice,
and video sources can be fed down one connection.
Permanent Virtual Circuit — A virtual connection
established by network management between two
points that is permanently available.
routing
NNI
A network management function responsible for
forwarding packets from their source to their
destination. A number of routing algorithms exist to
suit different network topologies and requirements.
Network Node Interface — Sometimes known as
Network-to-Network Interface.
OAM
SAR
Operations and Maintenance — A set of
administration and supervisory actions regarding
network performance monitoring, failure detection
and system protection. Special type cells are used to
carry OAM-related information.
Segmentation and Reassembly — Partitions
(segments) information frames into cells at the source
and reassembles these cells back into information
frames at the destination. These activities occur at the
lower half of the AAL. It inserts the data from the
information frames into the cell. It adds any necessary
header or trailer bits to the data and passes the
48-octet to the ATM Layer. Each AAL type has its own
SAR format. At the destination, the cell payload is
extracted and converted to the appropriate
information frame.
Octet
OC-n
8 bits or 1 byte.
Optical Carrier-n — The physical interface for
transmission over optical fiber at n times 51.84Mbps
(for example, OC-3 is at 155.52Mbps, OC-12 at
622.08Mbps, OC-48 at 2.488Gbps).
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy — A hierarchy that
determines signal interfaces for very high speed
digital transmission over optical fiber links.
Payload
Part of the ATM cell, it contains the actual
information to be carried, and occupies 48 bytes. Also
see PTI.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol — A standard
defined for handling management information.
PTI
Payload Type Identifier — A 3-bit cell header field for
encoding information regarding AAL and EFCI.
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GLOSSARY
5
SONET
SVC
UNI 3.1
Synchronous Optical Network — An ANSI-defined
standard for high speed and high quality digital
optical transmission. It has been recognized as the
North American standard for SDH.
A corrected version of UNI 3.0, this specification also
includes Service Specific Connection-Oriented
Protocol (SSCOP) for error detection and correction.
UNI 4.0
This UNI specification refers to signalling issues.
Switched Virtual Circuit — A connection where
control signalling is used to dynamically establish the
connection and remove it when no longer required.
For example, telephone lines, ISDN and X.25.
VC
Virtual Channel — Describes unidirectional flow of
ATM cells between connection (switching or
end-user) points that share the common identifier
number (VCI).
Telnet
UME
An asynchronous, virtual terminal protocol that allows
for remote access.
Virtual Connection — A connection established
between end-users (source and destination), where
packets are forwarded along the same path and
bandwidth is not permanently allocated until it is
used.
User-to-Network Interface Management Entity —
Software at the UNIs for providing the ILMI functions.
Virtual Circuit — A connection set up across the
network between a source and destination where a
fixed route is chosen for the entire session and
bandwidth is dynamically allocated.
UNI
User-to-Network Interface — The interface between
the user and the ATM switch.
UNI 2.0
VCC
ATM Forum UNI specification for the physical and
ATM Layers, the ILMI, OAM and PVC support.
Virtual Channel Connection — The end-to-end
connection between two ATM end users is known as
the Virtual Channel Connection. Also defined as a
concatenation of virtual channel link. The VCC used is
identified using two labels: the Virtual Path Identifier
and the Virtual Channel Identifier.
UNI 3.0
An upgrade of UNI 2.0. with traffic control for the
Peak Cell Rate parameter and the operation over
current transmission systems as some of the
additional features.
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6
GLOSSARY
VCI
VPI
Virtual Channel Identifier — A 16-bit value in the
ATM cell header that provides a unique identifier for
the virtual channel (VC) that carries that particular
cell.
Virtual Path Identifier — An 8-bit value in the cell
header that identifies the connection to which the cell
belongs.
Virtual Channel
VC
See
.
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network — A group of location
and topology independent devices that communicate
as if they are on the same physical LAN.
VLT
Virtual LAN Trunk — A connection which carries
traffic for more than one VLAN. A port which is part
of a VLT connection may be a member of all VLANs.
VP
Virtual Path — Describes a set of virtual channels
(VCs) between switches, grouped together.
VPC
Virtual Path Connection — A concatenation of VP
links.
VPCI/VCI
Virtual Path Connection Identifier/Virtual Channel
Identifier — A combination of two numbers, one for
identifying the VP and one for the VCI.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
LAN Emulation (LANE)
Books
Standards
“ATM Foundation for Broadband Networks”
Author: Uyless Black.
ATM Forum — LAN Emulation Over ATM (Version 1.0
or later).
Published by: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-13-297178-X
Standards
ATM Forum —- Integrated Local Management
Interface (ILMI) Specification (Version 3.1 or later).
ATM Forum — ATM User-Network Interface
Specification (Version 3.1 or later).
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2
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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INDEX
Network Examples 5-1
ATM Cell
Benefits of use 2-8
Boot software version number 8-4
Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS) 3-2
Broadcast packets 3-2
A
Address resolution 2-6, 2-13
ARP Table 8-8
Cell header 2-14
Creating an entry 8-9
Deleting entries 8-10
Entry type 8-9
Locating an entry 8-10
Updating entries 8-10
Asynchronous Transfer Mode 2-8
ATM
Address resolution 2-6, 2-13
ATM Layer 2-14
Benefits 1-1
Cell Loss Priority (CLP) 2-14
Generic Flow Control (GFC) 2-14
Header Error Check (HEC) 2-14
Out of Cell Delineation State 9-10
Payload Type Identifier (PTI) 2-14
Structure 2-14
VCI field 2-14
ATM Layer 2-14
ATM Module
Boot software version number 8-4
Connecting a cable 6-5
Features summary 1-2
Hardware version number 8-3
Installing 6-4
Software version number 8-4
ATM Port
Configuration 8-2
C
Cables
Cleaning connectors D-24
Connecting to the ATM Module 6-5
Technical Specification C-1
Cell Loss Priority (CLP) 2-14
Cell structure 2-14
Cleaning Connectors D-24
Clearing screen counters 9-5, 9-10
Coding Violations 9-11
Configuration rules for ATM 4-2
Connections
Configuration examples 5-1
Building backbone 5-1
Campus 5-2
Resilient Links 5-4
Connecting cables 6-5
Control connections 4-3
Data connections 2-7, 4-3
Finding 8-11
Mapping MAC addresses 8-9
Multiplexing and de-multiplexing 2-14
Required per ELAN 4-3
Troubleshooting 6-7
Configuration rules 4-2
Control connections 4-3
Mode 8-2
Network limitations 4-3
Number of connections per ELAN 4-3
Planning your network 4-1
Resilient Links 5-4
Statistics 9-1
Link State 8-7
Lost Links 8-8
Port Speed 8-7
Port State 8-7
Statistics 9-3
Automatic logout 7-4
Control connections 4-3
Conventions in text
Terminology
1
2
What is it? 2-8
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 2-8
Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) 2-8
ATM address
Displaying 8-11
Far end 8-9
Format 2-13
LEC 9-6
LES 8-5
ATM Backbone Switch
D
De-multiplexing 2-14
Device support 6-3
B
Bandwidth
Calculation C-1
Statistics 9-3
Discarding cells
Cell Loss Priority (CLP) 2-14
Downloading software 8-12
Bibliography
1
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2
INDEX
Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)
Defined 2-13
E
M
electronic emmission notices F-5
Emulated LAN (ELAN)
ATM Module 4-3
MAC address
Far end 8-9
Finding 8-10
VCC Connection 8-3
Manual configuration 8-5
Mapping to VLANs 3-2, 4-2
Resource planning 4-2
Services 4-2
Environmental Specifications C-1
Error detection
Header Error Check (HEC) 2-14
Error messages
Software upgrade 8-13
Number of addresses supported 4-3
Proxy 2-6, 2-7
L
LAN Emulation (LANE)
Benefits 1-1
Components 2-3
LAN Emulation Client (LEC) 2-3
LAN Emulation Configuration Server
(LECS) 2-3
LAN Emulation Server (LES) 2-3
LE_ARP 2-7
Manual
Finding information
Planning 4-3
2
MAX VCI Bits 8-3
MAX VPI Bits 8-3
Multicast packets 3-2
Multiplexing 2-14
Error statistics 9-3
Within 3Com devices 2-4
LAN Emulation Client (LEC) 2-3
ATM address 9-6
F
O
Far end
Last LEC Failure Reason 9-6
LEC Operation at Failure 9-9
LEC State 8-8, 9-6
ATM address 8-9
MAC address 8-9
Fiber Optic Connectors
Cleaning D-24
FTP, support site E-1
Operation and Maintenance (OAM) 2-15
Out of Cell Delineation State 9-10
MAC address proxy 2-6, 2-7
Mapping to ELAN 9-6
LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS)
P
Defined 2-3
LAN Emulation Server (LES) 2-3
ATM address 8-5
Joining 9-6
LAN Emulation Service 2-4
Last LEC Failure Reason 9-6
LEC Operation at Failure 9-9
LEC State 8-8, 9-6
Default passwords 7-3, 7-4
Payload 2-14
Payload Type Identifier (PTI) 2-14
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) 2-12
Displaying PVC connections 8-11
When to use 4-3
G
Generic Flow Control (GFC) 2-14
Glossary
1
Physical Layer 2-15
Line rate 9-13
H
Hardware version number 8-3
Header Error Check (HEC) 2-14
LEDs
Path, line and section 2-15, 9-11
Scrambling 9-11
SDH STM-1 2-15, 8-3
SONET STS-3c 2-15, 8-3
Statistics 9-10
Summary 6-6, D-2
Link State 8-7
Logging off 7-4
Lost Links 8-8
I
IBM Bulletin Board System E-1
Installing the ATM Module 6-4
Post installation checks 6-6
Transmit clock 9-13
Planning your network 4-1
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INDEX
3
Port
Configuration 8-2
Setup 8-6
Speed 8-7
Cells Received 9-5
Cells Transmitted 9-5
Errored Cells 9-5
U
Unicast packets 3-2
Finding information
Clearing screen counters 9-5, 9-10
Ethernet
2
State 8-7
Users
Statistics 9-3
Power supply 6-3, 6-7
PTI 2-14
Frames Received 9-10
Octets Received 9-10
Octets Transmitted 9-10
Lost Links 8-8
Default users 7-3
Screen access rights B-1
R
Overview 9-2
Physical Layer 9-10
V
Resilient Links 8-11
Configuration example 5-4
Routing 2-4, D-15
Rules for ATM configuration 4-2
Virtual Channel 2-10
Coding Violations 9-11
Errored Seconds 9-12
OCD 9-10
Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) 2-9
ILMI VCC 8-3
Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) 2-10, 8-10
Field in ATM cell 2-14
Virtual LAN
Severe Errored Seconds 9-12
Troubleshooting 9-12
Receive Bandwidth Used 9-3
Receive Errors 9-4
Sampling period 9-2, 9-11
Screen map 9-1
SDH 9-10
SONET 9-10
S
See VLAN 3-1
Safety information 6-1
Screen access rights B-1
SDH 2-15
Virtual Path 2-9
Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) 2-10, 8-10
Field in ATM cell 2-14
VLAN
Configuring 8-3
Statistics 9-10
Inter-switch VLANs 3-1
LEC Status 8-8
Mapping to ELAN 3-2, 4-2, 8-4
Statistics 9-5
service, technical E-1
Signalling 2-8, 2-10, 8-2
Software upgrade
Error messages 8-13
Status messages 8-14
Software version number 8-4
SONET 2-15
Transmit Bandwidth Used 9-3
VLAN 9-5
support, technical E-1
Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC) 2-12, 4-3
Setting up a SVC 8-8
When to use 4-3
Voice support E-1
W
Configuring 8-3
Statistics 9-10
Statistics
World Wide Web (WWW)
IBM Networking home page E-1
AAL5
T
Discarded Frames 9-4
Errored Frames 9-4
Frames Received 9-4
Frames Transmitted 9-4
Octets Received 9-4
Octets Transmitted 9-4
ATM
Technical Specifications
Bandwidth calculation C-2
Cabling C-1
Environment C-1
Technical support and service E-1
Terminology
Troubleshooting D-1
1
Using LEDs 6-5, D-2
Using Physical Layer statistics 9-12
Bad VCC Received 9-5
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4
INDEX
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