Hawking Technology Network Card HWUG1A User Manual

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CONTENTS  
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................. 1  
1.1 Features......................................................................................................................... 1  
1.2 Specifications................................................................................................................ 1  
1.3 Package Contents.......................................................................................................... 2  
2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ..................................................... 3  
3 CONFIGURATION UTILITY ......................................................... 8  
3.1 Site Survey.................................................................................................................... 8  
3.2 Profile............................................................................................................................ 9  
3.2.1 Configure the Profile................................................................................................. 10  
System Configuration........................................................................................................... 10  
Authentication vs. Security .................................................................................................. 12  
3.3 Link Status .................................................................................................................. 14  
3.4 Statistics ...................................................................................................................... 16  
3.5 Advanced .................................................................................................................... 17  
3.6 About........................................................................................................................... 18  
4 TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................. 19  
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1 Introduction  
Thank you for purchasing the Hawking Technologies Wireless-108G USB Adapter with Removable  
Antenna. This device complies with the IEEE 802.11g standard, which supports up to 108Mbps  
high-speed wireless networking when paired with the Hawking Wireless-108G router. It is also  
backwards compatible with IEEE 802.11b devices. The HWUG1A is a high quality, high performance  
wireless product that has been designed for improved distance and throughput.  
For wireless security issues, this card supports 64/128-bit WEP data encryption that protects your  
wireless network from eavesdropping. It also supports the WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) security  
standard that combines IEEE 802.1x and TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) technologies. Client  
users are required to authorize before accessing to APs or AP Routers, and the data transmitted in the  
network is encrypted/decrypted by a dynamically changed secret key. This device also has a built-in  
AES engine which ensures the highest degree of security and authenticity for digital information and it  
is the most advanced solution defined by IEEE 802.11i for security in wireless networks.  
The power consumption of the card is also very low. Furthermore, this card provides several levels of  
power saving modes allowing the user to optimize the battery life of their notebooks.  
1.1 Features  
Works with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g products.  
Removable antenna allows for upgrading to Hawking’s diverse line of Hi-GainTM Range  
Extending Antennas  
High-speed transfer data rate - up to108Mbp when paired with a Hawking Wireless-108G  
router  
High throughput allows for the transfer of data heavy multi-media files.  
Supports 64/128-bit WEP, WPA (TKIP with IEEE 802.1x) and AES functions for the highest  
level of security.  
Designed exclusively for Mac operating systems.  
Supports the most popular operating systems: Apple OSX 10.3 - 10.4 “Tiger”.  
USB 2.0 compliant.  
1.2 Specifications  
Standard: IEEE 802.11b/g  
Interface: USB 2.0  
Frequency Band: 2.4000 ~ 2.4835GHz (Industrial Scientific Medical Band)  
Modulation: OFDM with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (11g)  
BPSK, QPSK, CCK (11b)  
Data Rate: 54/48/36/24/18/12/11/9/6/5.5/2/1Mbps auto fallback  
Security: 64/128-bit WEP Data Encryption, WPA, WPA2, AES and IEEE 802.1x  
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Antenna: Hi-Gain Advanced Dual Design 5/5dBi Antenna (Rotate and Swivel)  
Drivers: Mac OSX 10.3 – 10.4 (Supports Tiger OS)  
LEDs: Power, Link  
Transmit Power: 16dBm~18dBm (Before Antenna)  
Power consumption: Tx: 350mA, Rx: 250mA  
Receive Sensitivity: 54Mbps OFDM, 10% PER, -70dBm, 11Mbps CCK, 8% PER, -86dBm,  
1Mbps BPSK, 8% PER, -92dBm  
Dimension: 8(H) x 118(W) x 54(D) mm  
Temperature: 32~131°F (0 ~55°C)  
Humidity: Max. 95% (NonCondensing)  
Certification: FCC, CE, WEEE  
1.3 Package Contents  
Before you begin the installation, please check the items of your package. The package should include  
the following items:  
One Wireless-G USB Adapter For Mac Users  
One Removable External Antenna  
One CD (Driver/Utility/User’s Manual.)  
One Quick Installation Guide  
If any of the above items is missing, contact your supplier as soon as possible.  
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2 Installation Procedure  
Before you proceed with the installation, please notice following descriptions.  
Note1: Please do not install the wireless adapter into your laptop computer before installing the  
software program from the CD.  
Note2: The following installation was operated under Apple OSX 10.3 Panther. (Procedures  
are similar for other operating systems)  
Note3: If you have installed the Wireless adapter driver & utility before, please uninstall the  
older version first.  
A. Insert the Installation CD into your CD-ROM Drive. Power on your Computer and insert the Setup  
CD into your CD-ROM Drive. A folder should automatically open. If there is no folder opening up  
automatically, click on the CD icon on your desktop to manually open the folder.  
i.  
Double click the icon in the folder that is titled “CLICK HERE TO START”  
ii.  
Please select the Mac OS X version you are using—either “OS X 10.4 ‘Tiger’ Setup” or  
“OS X 10.3 Setup.”  
Note: To find out which version of the Mac OS X you are using, click on the Apple icon  
located on the left corner of the menu bar and select “About This Mac.” The version  
number should appear in a pop up window.  
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iii.  
Click Continue to begin  
(Note: the setup wizard may look differ
using. )  
B. Select the location on your computer where you wish to install the software and click “Continue.”  
C. The system will begin to install the software utility for the HWU54DMA. You may be prompted to  
enter your administrator login information. If so please enter your user information and select  
“Continue.”  
D. A window will appear that informs you of a necessary restart of your computer to complete the  
installation. Select continue installation.  
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E. When setup has completed. Click Restart to complete the driver installation.  
F. When your computer has successfully restarted. Insert the Hi-Gain Mini USB Wireless-G Adapter  
into an available USB port on your desktop or notebook computer.  
- Insert the USB adapter firmly into the USB port to ensure a proper connection is made.  
-
When the adapter is inserted carefully lift the antenna unit upright.  
Optional: For better wireless connection, replace the  
standard antenna with the Hawking HAI7MD antenna)  
If You Have a Previously Installed Airport Card  
1) Turning the Airport Card off  
(a) If you have an Airport card installed on your computer, you  
will need to turn it off to use the Hawking Wireless-G adapter.  
To do this, select the Airport Icon on the top right corner of your  
screen and select “TURN OFF AIRPORT”  
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2) System Preferences and Network Settings  
(a) Click the APPLE icon on the top left corner of your desktop and open the SYSTEM PREFERENCES  
menu.  
(b) If this is your first time using the Wireless-G USB adapter on your computer, you will need to enable  
the device before using the Wireless Utility. In the System Preferences page, locate the NETWORK  
icon and double click it to access the control panel.  
(c) The new USB wireless adapter will automatically be detected.  
Click “OK” to continue.  
(d) Click “APPLY NOW” to confirm the selection.  
- If you plan on using a “Static” (Manually entered) IP address for your computer you may do so here by  
double clicking the “USB Wireless Adapter” selection and selecting TCP/IP.  
- If you are using an automatically  
assigned IP address (MOST NETWORKS)  
you do not have to worry about this.  
Simply close the window to proceed.  
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How to Change Your IP Address to Static mode  
-
If your wireless network uses a static IP address or requires manual configuration you may do  
so by highlighting the USB wireless adapter(Shown above).  
-
-
-
-
-
Select “Configure” to enter the configuration menu for the wireless adapter.  
Select the Tab that is named TCP/IP  
Select the menu button for “Configure IPv4” and choose the appropriate selection  
You manually configure your IP Address, DNS Servers and other information here.  
Please contact a network administrator if you are uncertain of the settings that are required to  
connect to your network.  
-
When you have finished select APPLY NOW to continue.  
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3 Configuration Utility  
The Configuration Utility is a powerful application that helps you configure the HWU54DMA and  
monitor the link status and statistics of your wireless connection.  
Each time you insert the Hawking Hi-Gain card the Hawking Wireless Utility should  
automatically load. In the case that it doesn’t you may manually load the Utility by  
using “FINDER” to view your “APPLICATIONS” folder and selecting the Hawking  
Wireless Utility Icon displayed on the left.  
3.1  
Site Survey  
When you open the Configuration Utility, the system will scan all wireless channels to find all access  
points/stations within the accessible range of your card and automatically connect to the wireless  
device with the highest signal strength. When using the “Site Survey” option, all nearby networks will be  
listed. You can change your connection to another network or you may add one of the networks to your  
own profile list.  
Parameter  
AP List  
Description  
This list shows all available wireless networks within range of your  
card. It also displays the information of the networks including the  
SSID, BSSID, Signal Strength, Channel, Encryption,  
Authentication and Network Type. If you want to connect to any  
networks on the list, double-click the item on the list, and the card  
will automatically connect to the selected network.  
Rescan Button  
Click “Rescan” button to collect the information of all the wireless  
networks nearby.  
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Connect Button  
Click “Connect” to connect to the selected network.  
Add the selected network to Profiles list.  
Add to Profile Button  
3.2  
Profile  
The “Profiles List” is for you to manage the networks you connect to frequently. You are able to  
Add/Delete/Edit/Activate a profile.  
Parameter  
Description  
Profiles List  
The profiles list display all the profiles and the relative information  
including Profile Name, SSID, Channel, etc.  
Add/Delete/Edit Button  
Activate Button  
Click these buttons to add/delete/edit the selected profiles.  
Click “Activate” to connect to the selected profile.  
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3.2.1 Configure the Profile  
System Configuration  
Parameter  
Description  
Profile Name  
Define a recognizable profile name for you to identify the different  
networks.  
SSID  
The SSID (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) is the unique  
name identified in a WLAN. The ID prevents the unintentional  
merging of two co-located WLANs.  
You may specify a SSID for the card and then only the device with  
the same SSID can interconnect to the card. If you want to add  
one of the networks nearby to the profile list, pull down the menu,  
all the networks nearby will be listed and you can add one of them  
to the profile list.  
Power Saving Mode  
The power saving function is only available when the network type  
is in Infrastructure.  
CAM(Constantly Awake Mode) – The card will always set in  
active mode.  
Power Saving Mode – Enable the card in the power saving mode  
when it is idle.  
CAM When AC Power – Select this option to automatically switch  
the card from power saving mode to CAM mode while the power  
of your laptop computer is supplied by the AC power but not  
battery.  
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Parameter  
Description  
Network Type  
Infrastructure – This operation mode requires the presence of an  
802.11 Access Point. All communication is done via the Access  
Point or Router.  
Ad-Hoc – Select this mode if you want to connect to another  
wireless station in the Wireless LAN network without going  
through an Access Point or Router. Peer to Peer.  
Transmit Power  
If you wish to lower the transmit power of the card to save the  
power of your system, you can select the lower percentages from  
the list.  
11B Preamble Type  
The preamble defines the length of the CRC block for  
communication among wireless stations. This option is only active  
in the Ad Hoc network.  
There are two modes including Auto and Long Preamble. If  
“Auto“ mode is selected, the card will auto switch the preamble  
mode depending on the wireless stations which the card is  
connecting to.  
RTS Threshold  
Minimum packet size required for an RTS (Request To Send). For  
packets smaller than this threshold, an RTS is not sent and the  
packet is transmitted directly to the wireless network. Select a  
setting within a range of 0 to 2312 bytes. Minor change is  
recommended.  
Fragment Threshold  
The value defines the maximum size of packets; any packet size  
larger than the value will be fragmented. If you have decreased  
this value and experience high packet error rates, you can  
increase it again, but it will likely decrease overall network  
performance. Select a setting within a range of 256 to 2312 bytes.  
Minor change is recommended.  
Channel  
This setting is only available for Ad Hoc mode. Select the number  
of the radio channel used for the networking. The channel setting  
should be the same with the network you are connecting to.  
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Authentication vs. Security  
Parameter  
Description  
Authentication Type  
This setting has to be consistent with the wireless networks that  
the card intends to connect to. All security keys within a network  
must match to allow successful communications.  
None – No authentication is needed among the wireless network.  
Shared – Only wireless stations using a shared key (WEP Key  
identified) are allowed to connecting each other.  
WPA-PSK –It is a special mode designed for home and small  
business users who do not have access to network authentication  
servers. In this mode, known as Pre-Shared Key, the user  
manually enters the starting password in their access point or  
gateway, as well as in each wireless stations in the network. WPA  
takes over automatically from that point, keeping unauthorized  
users that don't have the matching password from joining the  
network, while encrypting the data traveling between authorized  
devices. The encryption methods are including TKIP and AES.  
Note that this option is only available for Windows XP.  
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Parameter  
Description  
Encryption Mode  
None – Disable the WEP Data Encryption.  
WEP – Enable the WEP Data Encryption. When the item is  
selected, you have to continue setting the WEP Encryption keys.  
TKIP – TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) changes the  
temporal key every 10,000 packets (a packet is a kind of message  
transmitted over a network.) This insures much greater security  
than the standard WEP security.  
AES – AES has been developed to ensure the highest degree of  
security and authenticity for digital information and it is the most  
advanced solution defined by IEEE 802.11i for the security in the  
wireless network.  
Note: All devices in the network should use the same encryption  
method to ensure the communication.  
WPA Pre-Shared Key  
The WPA-PSK key can be from eight to 64 characters and can be  
letters or numbers. This same key must be used on all of the  
wireless stations in the network.  
WEP Key  
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data transmitted in the  
wireless network. There are two types of key length: 64-bit and  
128-bit. Select the default encryption key from Key 1 to Key 4 by  
selected the radio button.  
(Key1 ~ Key4)  
Fill the text box by following the rules below.  
64-bit – Input 10-digit Hex values (in the “A-F”, “a-f” and “0-9”  
range) or 5-digit ASCII characters (including “a-z” and “0-9”) as  
the encryption keys. For example: “0123456aef“ or “test1”.  
128-bit – Input 26-digit Hex values (in the “A-F”, “a-f” and “0-9”  
range) or 13-digit ASCII characters (including “a-z” and “0-9”) as  
the encryption keys. For example:  
“01234567890123456789abcdef“ or “administrator”.  
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3.3  
Link Status  
From the “Link Status” option, you can view all the information of the network you are connecting to.  
You can use this tool in while at the same time repositioning the Hi-Gain antenna to find the optimal  
location for antenna placement.  
Parameter  
Status  
Description  
Display the SSID and MAC ID of the network the card is  
connecting to.  
Current Channel  
Display the number of the radio channel and the frequency used  
for the networking.  
Parameter  
Description  
Current Tx Rate  
Display the transmission rate of the network. The maximum  
transmission rate is 54Mbps.  
Throughput (Kbits/sec)  
Link Quality  
Display the speed of data transmitted and received.  
This bar indicates the quality of the link. The higher the  
percentage, the better the quality.  
dBm  
If you want to know the signal strength in the unit of dBm, select  
this check box.  
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Signal Strength  
This bar shows the signal strength level. The higher percentage  
shown in the bar, the more radio signal been received by the card.  
This indicator helps to find the proper position of the wireless  
device for quality network operation.  
Reading the Link Status Page and Obtaining the Strongest  
Connection  
The Link Status page gives you information regarding your current wireless channel,  
transmit rate (speed) and link/signal quality. You will use this utility to figure out which  
antenna position results in the best performance and connection.  
1) First you must determine where the location of your Wireless Access Point is within  
your network.  
2) Position the directional antenna towards the location of the Access Point.  
3) While viewing your Link Status utility, rotate the antenna clockwise and  
counter-clockwise slowly to figure out which position gives you the highest Link  
Quality and Signal Strength. Once you have determined which position gives you  
the best signal, leave the antenna in that orientation  
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3.4  
Statistics  
This option enables you to view the available statistic information with its Tx counts (Tx success, Tx  
error, RTS Success and RTS Failed), and its Rx counts (Rx success, Rx error). You may reset the  
counters by clicking ”Reset Counter”.  
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3.5  
Advanced  
This option enables you to configure more advanced settings, for example: wireless mode, protection  
mode and etc.  
Parameter  
Description  
Wireless Mode  
802.11 B/G mix – If you have a mix of 802.11b and 802.11g  
wireless stations in your network, it is recommended to setting the  
card to this mode. This mode is also the default setting.  
802.11 B only – This card can be compatible with both 802.11g  
and 802.11b wireless stations. If there are only 802.11b wireless  
stations in the network, you can set the card to this mode.  
Tx Burst  
Tx Burst enables the card to deliver the better throughput in the  
same period and environment.  
B/G Protection  
If you have a mix of 802.11b and 802.11g wireless stations in the  
network, it is recommended that you enable the protection  
mechanism. This mechanism can decrease the rate of data  
collisions between 802.11b and 802.11g wireless stations. When  
the protection mode is enabled, the throughput of the card will be  
a little lower due to more complex data packets that must be  
transmitted.  
Auto – Based on the status of the network and automatically  
disable/enable protection mode.  
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On – Always enable the protection mode.  
Off – Always disable the protection mode.  
Parameter  
Description  
ADHOC_OFDM  
When the network type is in Ad Hoc mode, that the card can only  
work in 11b data rate. It is defined by Wi-Fi organization. If you  
want to enable the data rate up to 54Mbps (11g), select  
“ADHOC_OFDM”.  
Tx Rate  
There are several options including  
Auto/1/2/5.5/11/6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54Mbps for you to select.  
When the “Auto” is selected, the device will choose the most  
suitable transmission rate automatically. The higher data rate you  
designated in the network, the shorter distance is allowed  
between the card and the wireless stations.  
When the wireless mode is “802.11 B only”, the maximum data  
rate is 11Mbps (11b) so that there are only “Auto/1/2/5.5/11Mbps”  
options you can select.  
Turn Off RF Button  
If you want to turn off the radio of the card temporarily, click this  
button. To turn on the radio, click this button again.  
3.6  
About  
By choosing this option, you can click the hyperlink to connect to the website for the information of the  
wireless chipset vendor and review basic information about the Utility such as the Driver, Utility and  
EEPROM Version. The MAC Address of the card is displayed in the screen as well.  
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4 Troubleshooting  
This chapter provides solutions to problems usually encountered during the installation and operation  
of the adapter.  
1. What is the IEEE 802.11g standard?  
802.11g is the new IEEE standard for high-speed wireless LAN communications that provides for  
up to 54 Mbps data rate in the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11g is quickly becoming the next mainstream  
wireless LAN technology for the home, office and public networks.  
802.11g defines the use of the same OFDM modulation technique specified in IEEE 802.11a for  
the 5 GHz frequency band and applies it in the same 2.4 GHz frequency band as IEEE 802.11b.  
The 802.11g standard requires backward compatibility with 802.11b.  
The standard specifically calls for:  
A. A new physical layer for the 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) in the 2.4 GHz frequency  
band, known as the extended rate PHY (ERP). The ERP adds OFDM as a mandatory new  
coding scheme for 6, 12 and 24 Mbps (mandatory speeds), and 18, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps  
(optional speeds). The ERP includes the modulation schemes found in 802.11b including  
CCK for 11 and 5.5 Mbps and Barker code modulation for 2 and 1 Mbps.  
B. A protection mechanism called RTS/CTS that governs how 802.11g devices and 802.11b  
devices interoperate.  
2. What is the IEEE 802.11b standard?  
The IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN standard subcommittee, which formulates the standard for the  
industry. The objective is to enable wireless LAN hardware from different manufactures to  
communicate.  
3. What does IEEE 802.11 feature support?  
The product supports the following IEEE 802.11 functions:  
z
z
z
z
z
z
CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge Protocol  
Multi-Channel Roaming  
Automatic Rate Selection  
RTS/CTS Feature  
Fragmentation  
Power Management  
4. What is Ad-hoc?  
An Ad-hoc integrated wireless LAN is a group of computers, each has a Wireless LAN adapter,  
Connected as an independent wireless LAN. Ad hoc wireless LAN is applicable at a  
departmental scale for a branch or SOHO operation.  
5. What is Infrastructure?  
An integrated wireless and wireless and wired LAN is called an Infrastructure configuration.  
Infrastructure is applicable to enterprise scale for wireless access to central database, or  
wireless application for mobile workers.  
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6. What is BSS ID?  
A specific Ad hoc LAN is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). Computers in a BSS must be  
configured with the same BSS ID.  
7. What is WEP?  
WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 40 bit shared key  
algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802 .11 standard.  
8. What is TKIP?  
TKIP is a quick-fix method to quickly overcome the inherent weaknesses in WEP security,  
especially the reuse of encryption keys. TKIP is involved in the IEEE 802.11i WLAN security  
standard, and the specification might be officially released by early 2003.  
9. What is AES?  
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), a chip-based security, has been developed to ensure the  
highest degree of security and authenticity for digital information, wherever and however  
communicated or stored, while making more efficient use of hardware and/or software than  
previous encryption standards. It is also included in IEEE 802.11i standard. Compare with AES,  
TKIP is a temporary protocol for replacing WEP security until manufacturers implement AES at  
the hardware level.  
10. Can Wireless products support printer sharing?  
Wireless products perform the same function as LAN products. Therefore, Wireless products can  
work with Netware, Windows 2000, or other LAN operating systems to support printer or file  
sharing.  
11. Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air?  
WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with Direct Sequence  
Spread Spectrum technology, it has the inherent security feature of scrambling. On the software  
side, WLAN series offer the encryption function (WEP) to enhance security and Access Control.  
Users can set it up depending upon their needs.  
12. What is DSSSWhat is FHSSAnd what are their differences?  
Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequency  
in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized, the net effect  
is to maintain a single logical channel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be  
short-duration impulse noise. Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant  
bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). The  
longer the chip is, the greater the probability that the original data can be recovered. Even if one  
or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the  
radio can recover the original data without-the need for retransmission. To an unintended  
receiver, DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most  
narrowband receivers.  
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13. What is Spread Spectrum?  
Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique developed by the military for  
use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communication systems. It is designed to trade off  
bandwidth efficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is  
consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade off produces a signal that is,  
in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the receiver knows the parameters of the  
spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a  
spread –spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct  
Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).  
14. What is Hi-Gain and dBi?  
Hi-Gain is Hawking Technologies high performance wireless distance extending product line. It  
encompasses a group of products and technologies used to help solve distance issues  
accompanied with WiFi products. A unit of measurement on antenna strength and power is dBi.  
The higher the dBi or gain level of an antenna the more powerful it is.  
15. What is the difference between directional and omni-directional antennas?  
Directional and omni-directional antennas determine the wireless output pattern of antennas. In  
standard installations it is normally the wireless access point that uses the omni-directional  
antenna (360 degree wireless output) whiles the clients (desktop or laptops) that use the  
directional antennas (concentrated narrow wireless signal) to create a stronger link directly to the  
access point.  
16. How do I get an Optimal Wireless Connection with the HWUG1A?  
If pointing the antenna directly at the access point is not providing a sufficient signal connection  
then you can try bouncing the signals off walls. Wireless signals can reflect off walls or through  
windows to get to their desired location so try different positions to find the best antenna orientation  
for your network. Pair the HWUG1A with the Hawking Hi-Gain Wireless Antenna for extended  
range.  
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