AlterPath Console Server
User Manual
A reference guide for users and systems administrators
of Cyclades AlterPath Console Server - Web Management Service.
Product Version 2.3.0
Document Revision 1.6
This document contains proprietary information of Cyclades and is not to be disclosed
or used except in accordance with applicable contracts or agreements.
©Cyclades Corporation, 2004
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Table of Contents
Audience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Document Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Typographical Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Document Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cross References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Audience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Product Models and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ACS Setup Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Package Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Rack Mounting the ACS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Using the Web Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Using the Command Line Interface (CLI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Wizard Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Expert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Step 2: Port Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Step 3: Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Configuring in Expert Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
What is VPN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Firewall Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
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Safety Precautions for Operating the ACS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Installing JRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
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Before You Begin
Before You Begin
WELCOME to the AlterPath Console Server User Guide! This manual is
designed to guide you in installing and configuring the AlterPath Console
Server through the ACS web user interface, as well as other necessary
information to guide you in your day-to-day operations of the ACS.
Audience
This manual is intended for System administrators and regular users who are
responsible for the daily administration and operation of the AlterPath
Console Server, using the web application interface.
While users may use any available method to configure the ACS, the ACS
web interface is primarily designed for users who are new to Linux or UNIX
with a primarily PC/Microsoft background.
The user is expected to have a basic knowledge of networking and using a
graphical user interface.
For users who wish to configure ACS using vi, Wizard, or Command Line
Interface (CLI), or read about other advanced features of the ACS, please
refer to the ACS Reference Guide.
Document Organization
This manual is organized as follows:
1: Introduction
Defines and explains the overall product features
and uses of ACS.
2: Installing the ACS
Explains the procedure for installing and setting
up ACS.
3: Using the Web Interface Explains how to access devices and operate the
web interface. This chapter is designed for the
ACS regular user.
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Before You Begin
4: Configuring the Web
Interface
Presents the procedures for configuring the
ACS, using the web interface. All the procedures
follows the menu structure of the entire web
interface in Wizard Mode and Expert Mode.
Appendix A
Summarizes the Hardware Specifications of the
AlterPath Console Server, and lists the PCMCIA
cards that the ACS supports.
Appendix B
Appendix C
Outlines the Safety Considerations for
installing and handling the ACS.
Lists the latest Web Browsers that ACS
supports, and explains the procedure for
installing JRE on your PC.
Glossary
Index
Contains a glossary of terms and acronyms used
in the manual.
Index of key words or subjects.
Typographical Conventions
Form/Window labels
Words that appear on forms, windows, or any
part of the user interface are typed in boldface.
Examples:
The Add User dialog box; the Password field.
Hypertext links
With the exception of headings and the Table of
Contents (which are already linked), all
underlined words are hypertext links.
Important words
Menu selections
For emphasis, important words are italicized.
The order in which you select a menu is indicated
by the “greater than” symbol (>).
Example: Network > Access Method.
Screen words
Words that appear as part of the graphical user
interface are typed in boldface.
Examples: The Configuration window; the
Password field.
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Before You Begin
Untitled Data Fields
Some data entry fields of the GUI windows or
forms do not have titles. When this field is
described in any field definition section of the
manual, the field is indicated as untitled,
enclosed in angled brackets.
Example:
[untitled] Type in the port number in this field.
Untitled forms
While most forms are identified by it’s menu
selection, some forms do not bear the title. The
manual uses initial capitals to refer to their
names or titles.
Examples:
The Data Buffering form; the VPN Connections
form; the Active Ports Session form.
User entry words
Window levels
Words or characters that you would type in are
shown in courier.
Example: myPas8worD
Screen levels are also indicated by the “greater
than” symbol (>), starting from parent to child to
grandchild and so forth. In ACS, the navigable
window types are the forms and the dialog boxes.
Example: Security > Users and Groups > Add
Naming Conventions
ACS
Short name for the Cyclades AlterPath Console
Server.
Dialog box
The dialog box is a pop up window that appears
and prompts for user input as part of the process
for completing a form in order to configure the
ACS.
Form
The form is the largest part of the user interface;
it contains the user selection or input fields for
each selected item in the menu.
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Before You Begin
Form names
Select
The name or title of a form may not necessarily
appear on the actual form. When this is the case,
the form is named after its menu selection or
form function.
To select is the same as to click your mouse.
Document Symbols
This manual uses graphical symbols that are associated with specific types of
note or information to indicate the following:
Reference to another page or document.
Note
Important
Danger or Warning
Cross References
The ACS User Manual cross-references the following Cyclades documents:
•
•
•
ACS Reference Guide
AlterPath Manager Manual
Cyclades Power Management Manual
To access Cyclades product documentation, including release notes and
updates, please visit the Cyclades web site at:
www.cyclades.com/support/downloads.php
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Introduction
The AlterPath Console Server (ACS) comes from Cyclades’ line of Console
Access and Terminal Servers designed to allow local and dial-in access for in-
band and out-of-band network management.
Modeled after the Cyclades-TS line of console server, the ACS adds the
following advanced features:
•
PCMCIA slots that support standard interface cards (Ethernet, Modem,
and wireless LAN).
•
•
Optional dual entry redundant power supply (AC/DC) for extra reliability.
Secure clustering for up to 1024 devices, SSH v2, RADIUS
authentication, IPSec, IP filtering, and user access lists per port.
•
•
Console management supports Windows Server 2003 EMS protocols.
Data buffering, Event notification, and a selection of direct access
methods to serial ports.
The Alterpath ACS is available in 1, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 48-port models that fit in
1U of rack space. As with most Cyclades products, the ACS runs an
embedded version of the Linux operating system.
Audience
This manual is designed primarily for system administrators and regular users
who configure and operate the ACS using the web browser, and who are
fairly new to Linux.
For all configurations that involve using the VI text editor or command line
interface (CLI), please refer to the ACS Reference Guide.
ACS Access and Configuration
You can access the ACS using any of the following three methods:
•
•
Web Browser
Console directly connected to the ACS
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1: Introduction
•
Telnet/SSH over a network
You can configure ACS by using any of the following user interfaces:
•
•
•
•
Web Browser
VI Editor
Wizard
Command Line Interface (CLI)
With the ACS set up as a Console Access Server, you can access a server
connected to the ACS through the server’s serial console port from a
workstation on the LAN or WAN.
There is no authentication by default; you can configure the system for
authentication to be performed by a Radius server, a TacacsPlus server, or
even by a local database. You can use either Telnet or ssh (a secure shell
session).
Product Models and Components
There are two models of the ACS based on the type of power supply:
•
•
ACS with a dual power supply and two PCMCIA slots
ACS with a single power supply and two PCMCIA slots.
There are six models of the ACS based on the number of serial ports:
•
•
•
•
•
•
ACS48
ACS32
ACS16
ACS8
ACS4
ACS1
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1: Introduction
The figure below shows AlterPath ACS1 through ACS48.
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Chapter 2
Installing the ACS
Chapter 2 - Installing the ACS
This chapter presents the procedures for installing and setting up the ACS,
and is organized as follows:
•
•
•
Package Contents
Rack Installation
Installation and Configuration Process
For configuration procedures using vi or CLI, refer to the
ACS Reference Guide.
Package Contents
There are six models of the AlterPath Console Server based on the number of
serial ports:
•
•
•
•
•
•
ACS48
ACS32
ACS16
ACS8
ACS4
ACS1
All models come with either a single (A/C or VDC) or double (A/C or -48
VDC) power supply.
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2: Installing the ACS
Package Contents: ACS4 through ACS48
Typically, the product package for ACS4 through ACS48 contains the
following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ACS Box
Power Cable(s)
ADB0017 - DB25F Console Adapter
ADB0025 - DB25M Console Adapter
ADB0036 - DB9F Console Adapter
ADB0039 - Sun/Netra Adapter
CAB0018 - RJ45 CAT-5 Cable
CAB0025 - DB25M Straight-Through Cable
CON0071 - DB25F Loopback Connector
Rack-Mounting Kit
ACS User Manual and ACS QuickStart Guide
ACS Reference Manual CD
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2: Installing the ACS
Package Contents: ACS1
The ACS1 Package contains the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ACS1 Box
Power Cable
Power Supply +5V / 2.5A
CAB0042 - DB25F / DB9F Cross Cable
CAB0018 - RJ45 / RJ45 CAT5 Cable
CON0071 - DB25F Loopback Connector
ADB0036 - RJ45 to DB9F Adapter
CON0093 - DB9F to DB25M Connector
ACS User Manual and ACS QuickStart Guide
ACS Reference Manual CD
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2: Installing the ACS
Although the ACS unit in the figures are shown with a dual power supply (A/C
or -48VDC), some models may have a single power supply. The single power
units will have just one power cable.
(ACS48 supports -48VDC.)
Rack Mounting the ACS
To rack-mount and connect the ACS to your network, perform the following
steps:
1. Install the brackets onto the front corners of the box using a screw driver
and the screws and bolts provided with the mounting kit.
2. Mount the ACS box in a secure position.
Refer to Appendix B: Safety Guidelines section of this manual to ensure
safety.
Important! Install your AlterPath Console Server near the power
managed equipment and in an easily accessible location.
Important! Install the AlterPath Console Server in a location where
there is an adjacent and accessible wall socket outlet.
3. Proceed to the Installation and Configuration section of this chapter.
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2: Installing the ACS
System Requirements
To configure the ACS, Cyclades recommends any of the following hardware
specifications:
•
•
•
Workstation with a console serial port or,
Workstation with Ethernet and TCP/IP topology or,
Cyclades AlterPath Manager.
The hardware connectivity required for each configuration method:
Hardware Connectivity
Configuration Method
Workstation, Hub Ethernet Cables.
Web browser, vi, Wizard, or CLI
Console, Console Cable (constructed from RJ45 vi, Wizard, or CLI.
straight-through cable + adapter
Workstation, Hub Ethernet Cables.
This manual is designed primarily for web browser users. If you will use vi,
the wizard (CLI version) or CLI, refer to the ACS Reference Guide.
To install ACS with AlterPath Manager, refer to the AlterPath
Manager Manual and configure the device using the Manager.
Default Configuration Parameters
•
DHCP enabled (if there is no DHCP Server, IP for Ethernet is
192.168.160.10 with a Netmask of 255.255.255.0)
CAS configuration
Socket_server in all ports (access method is telnet)
9600 bps, 8N1
•
•
•
•
No Authentication
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2: Installing the ACS
Pre-Install Checklist
Before you install and configure the ACS, ensure that you have the following:
Root Access
You will need Root Access on your local UNIX
machine in order to use the serial port.
HyperTerminal, Kermit,
or Minicom
If you are using a PC, ensure that HyperTerminal
is set up on your Windows operating system. If
you have a UNIX operating system, you will be
using Kermit or Minicom.
IP Address of:
PC or terminal,
You will need to locate the IP address of your PC
or workstation, the ACS, and the machine that
AlterPath Console Server, resolves names on your network. Your Network
NameServer, and Gateway Administrator can supply you with these. If there
is outside access to the LAN that the ACS will be
connected with, you will need the gateway IP
address.
Network Access
Java 2 JRE
You must have a NIC card installed in your PC to
provide an Ethernet port, and have network
access.
You must have Java 2 Runtime Environment
(JRE) version 1.4.2 (which can be found at http://
java.sun.com/) installed on your PC with your
browser acknowledged to use it.
Ensure that the browser you are using
acknowledges the Java version by following the
procedures given in Appendix C: Supported
Browsers and JRE.
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2: Installing the ACS
Installation and Configuration Process
The installation and configuration process is divided into six distinct tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Task 1: Install ACS and connect to the network.
Task 2: Configure the network settings (using the console port).
Task 3: Configure ACS by using the web in Wizard Mode.
Task 4: Test Configuration.
Task 5: Customize configuration by using the web in Expert Mode.
Task 6: Save Changes.
You can configure ACS using the command line interface alone.
See the ACS Reference Guide to configure ACS in CLI.
Task 1: Install ACS and connect to the network
1. Plug the power cable into the ACS.
(When using an external power source. Optional.) Insert the female end of
the black power cable into the power socket on the ACS and the 3-prong
end into a wall outlet.
DANGER! To help prevent electric shock, plug the ACS into a properly
grounded power source. The cable is equipped with a 3-prong plug to help
ensure proper grounding. Do not use adapter plugs or remove the grounding
prong from the cable. If you use an extension cable, use a 3-wire cable with
properly grounded plugs.
IMPORTANT! The AlterPath Console Server must be plugged into a
receptacle protected by an appropriate, listed circuit breaker.
2. Connect the console cable.
Construct a Console Cable out of the RJ-45 straight-through cable and the
appropriate adapter provided in the product box. (All adapters have an RJ-45
connector on one end, and either a DB25 or DB9 connector on the other end,
male or female). Connect this cable to the port labeled “Console” on the ACS
with the RJ-45 connector end, and connect the adapter end to your PC’s
available COM port.
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2: Installing the ACS
The modem cable is not necessary for a standard installation and
configuration. Use it when the configuration is complete and you
want to access the box remotely through a serial port.
3. Connect to the Network.
Connect the ACS network port to the Ethernet hub switch.
Task 2: Configure network settings
This step is necessary to make ACS visible on the network. The configuration
can be done using the console port of the Cyclades ACS or via the network
using the default network settings.
Initial Configuration Using the ACS Console Port
1. Install and launch your serial communication software (e.g.,
HyperTerminal, Kermit or Minicom).
You can obtain the latest update to HyperTerminal from:
http://www.hilgraeve.com/htpe/download.html.
If you are using a PC, use HyperTerminal to perform the initial
configuration of the ACS directly through your PC’s COM port connected
with the ACS. HyperTerminal, which comes with Windows 95, 98, Me,
NT, 2K, and XP is often located under Start > Program > Accessories.
HyperTerminal emulates a dumb terminal when your PC connects to the
serial port (console port) of the ACS.
2. Select available COM port.
In HyperTerminal (Start > Program > Accessories), select File >
Properties, and click the Connect To tab. Select the available COM port
number from the Connection dropdown list box.
3. Configure COM port using the following values:
•
•
•
•
•
9600 bps
8 data bits
No parity
1 stop bit
No flow control
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2: Installing the ACS
4. Power on the ACS.
Click OK on the Properties window.
You will see the ACS booting on your screen. After it finishes booting,
you will see a login prompt.
5. Connect COM Port to the ACS Console.
Login as root, and enter the default password, tslinux.
6. Type in: wiz
As shown in the sample screen below, the system brings up the
configuration wizard banner and begins running the wizard. Follow the
system prompts to either accept the default values or enter them manually.
For the procedure on how to configure the ACS from wiz to support
Kerberos tickets, refer to the ACS Reference Guide.
7. Proceed to Task 3.
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2: Installing the ACS
After the initial configuration, you can configure the network further by using
any of the following methods:
•
•
•
Web Interface
Command Line Interface via SSH
AlterPath Manager, if installed in your network
To use the ACS web management interface, ask your System
Administrator for the IP address. By default, ACS uses the IP
address provided by the DHCP server. If your network doesn’t have
DHCP, then ACS will default to 192.168.160.10. Configure your
ACS to connect to this address and run the web interface.
Task 3: Configure via Web Wizard
Proceed to Chapter 4: Configuring the Web Interface, and complete the
procedure for configuring ACS in Wizard Mode.
Task 4: Test Configuration
Log in as a regular user and connect to a port.
Check the other features (e.g., Data Buffering, Management, etc.) as
discussed in Chapter 3: Using the ACS.
To create new users, see Wizard Mode Step 3: Access (page 4-10) of
Chapter 4: Configuring the Web Interface.
Task 5: Configure the web interface in Expert Mode
Return to Chapter 4: Configuring the Web Interface and continue with
configuration using the Expert Mode.
Task 6: Save Changes
Click on the Apply Changes button located on the bottom of the ACS Web
Configuration screen when done to save your configuration to Flash.
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Chapter 3
Using the Web Interface
Chapter 3 - Using theTWhebisInctehrafapceter presents the methods for accessing serial ports and the basic
operations for using ACS. Addressed to the ACS end user, the chapter is
divided into the following topics:
•
•
•
•
•
Using the Web Interface
Using the Command Line Interface
Using Telnet
Using the TS Menu
Power Management
Using the Web Interface
Refer to Appendix B for a description of the web requirements for
connecting to a serial port.
To use the web interface to connect to a serial port, follow the following
procedure:
1. Connect your web browser to the ACS by typing in the Console
Access Server’s IP address (e.g., https://10.10.10.10) provided to
you by your system administrator in the address field of your
internet browser.
2. Press Enter.
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3: Using the Web Interface
The system brings up the ACS Web Application Login Window:
3. To log in, type in your username and password as provided to you
by your system administrator.
4. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the left menu panel,
select Connect.
The system brings up the Port Selection form:
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3: Using the Web Interface
5. To connect to a port (by default, the radio button is already selected
for connecting to a port), select from the drop down menu the port
to which you wish to connect, and then click on Connect.
- OR -
To connect to the ACS box, select the radio button for Connect to
ACS Box, and then click on Connect.
Depending on your selection, the system either opens a Java
connection to the port selected, or launches an SSHv2 connection to
the ACS box.
In the sample screen below, the system dispalys a Java window
after connecting to a chosen server.
Using the Command Line Interface (CLI)
Operating the terminal varies according to whether the selected port is
configured for Telnet access or for SSH access.
To log in, see the log in instructions for Telnet or SSH in the next section of
this chapter.
Click in the terminal window and start entering commands.
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3: Using the Web Interface
To send a break to the terminal, click on the SndBreak button.
The upper right hand corner of the browser (Java window) shows two icons:
Refresh and Disconnect.
Select the left icon to refresh or reconnect to the server; select the right icon to
end the session or disconnect from the Java window.
Logging onto the Terminal
Telnet Access
To open a telnet session to a serial port, enter the following command:
telnet<hostname or IP address> <TCP port number>
Press ENTER
Where:
<hostname> is the hostname configured in the workstation where the telnet
client will run (through /etc/hosts or DNS table). Or it can just be the IP
address of the AlterPath ACS (Ethernet's interface) as configured by the user
or as learned from DHCP.
<TCP port number> is the number associated to the serial port. The factory
values, 7001 corresponds to serial port 1, 7002 to serial port 2 and so forth,
and 3000 is a pool with all serial ports.
To close the telnet session, just press the telnet hot key configured in the telnet
client application (usually it's "Ctrl-]").
SSH Access
Secure Shell (SSH) is a command interface and protocol often used by
network administrators to connect securely to a remote computer. SSH
replaces its non-secure counterpart rsh and rlogin. There are two versions of
the protocol, ssh and ssh2. The AlterPath Console Server offers both.
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3: Using the Web Interface
To open a ssh session to a serial port or the next free serial port from a pool,
issue the command:
ssh -l <username>:<server> <hostname or IP address>
Where:
<username> is the user configured to access that serial port. It is present either
in the local CAS database or in a Radius/Tacacs/LDAP/Kerberos, etc
database.
<Server> can be just the TCP port number assigned for that serial port (7001,
7002, etc), (3000, etc), the alias for the server connected to that serial port.
<hostname or IP address> is the hostname configured in the workstation
where the ssh client will run (through /etc/hosts or DNS table). It can also be
just the IP address of the AlterPath ACS (Ethernet's interface) configured by
the user or learned from DHCP.
To exit the ssh session, press the hot key configured for that ssh client (usually
"~.").
ts_menu Access
To access the serial port (telnet or ssh) using the ts_menu, login to the CAS
unit and, after receiving the shell prompt, type in:
ts_menu
If configured, the menu will display the servername otherwise it defaults to
the serial port number. See the sample menu below:
Serial Console Server Connection Menu for your Master
Terminal Server
1 ttyS1 2 ttyS2 3 ttyS3 4 ttyS4
5 ttyS5 6 ttyS6 7 ttyS7 8 ttyS8
Type 'q' to quit, a valid option[1-8], or anything else
to refresh:
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Closing the session from ts_menu (from the console of your unit)
1. Enter the escape character.
The escape character is shown when you first connect to the port.
In character/text Mode, the Escape character is ^] (caret and bracket, for
telnet) or ~. (tilde and period, for SSH).
After entering the escape character, the following menu is shown:
Console escape. Commands are:
l go to line mode
c go to character mode
z suspend telnet
b send break
t toggle binary
e exit telnet
2. Press “e” to exit from the session and return to the original menu.
Select the exit option and you will return to the shell prompt.
Closing the session from ts_menu
From Telnet
You have to be sure that a different escape character is used for exiting your
telnet session; otherwise, if you were to exit from the session created through
the ts_menu, you will close your entire telnet session to your unit.
To do this, when you first telnet to your unit, use the “-e” option.
Example: to set Ctrl-? as the escape character, type:
telnet -e ^? 192.168.160.10
To exit from the session created through the ts_menu, just follow Step 1 from
above. To exit from the entire telnet session to your unit, type the escape
character you had set.
From SSH
If you use SSH to make the first connection to the ACS, then the escape
character for each session becomes: ~~. (tilde, tilde, period)
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Power Management
The Power Management forms (Application > Power Management >
Outlets Manager or View IPDUs Info) allows you to manage the power
outlets on the Cyclades AlterPath PM family of Intelligent Power Distribution
Units (IPDUs) or view information about the IPDUs connected to the ACS.
The Outlets Manager form is used to power remote machines on and off,
check the status and lock the power outlet in the on or off state to prevent
accidental changes. The View IPDUs Info is used to view information about
the status of the IPDU units.
For information on how to configure Power Management, refer to the Power
Management section of Chapter 4: Configuring the Web Interface.
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Security
The Security form allows you to change your password.
1. From the menu panel, select Security.
The system brings up the Security form.
2. From the Security form enter your current password and new
password (twice).
3. Select OK when done.
4. Log out and log in using your new password to verify your
password change.
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Chapter 4
Configuring the Web Interface
Chapter 4 - Configuring the Web Interface
This chapter presents the procedures for configuring ACS using the web
interface. It is organized as follows:
Overview
Logging In
ACS Web Interface: GUI Elements
Configuring in Wizard Mode
Step 1: Network Settings
Step 2: Port Profile
Step 3: Access
Step 4: Data Buffering
Step 5: System Log
Configuring in Expert Mode
Applications
Network
Security
Ports
Administration
Overview
This chapter addresses the System Administrator who is responsible for
configuring the ACS web interface and its users. For information on how to
configure ACS using vi or Command Line Interface (CLI), please consult the
ACS Reference Guide.
The ACS web configuration interface provides two modes of operation:
Wizard and Expert. The organization of the chapter follows, in sequential
order, the two modes and the menu selections available from each mode.
If you are a regular user, refer to Chapter 3: Using the Web Interface.
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Logging In
1. Connect your internet browser to the Console Server by typing in the
Console Access Server’s IP address (e.g., http://10.0.0.0) in the browser’s
address (URL) field.
To determine the IP address of the ACS, switch on the ACS connected
to the Ethernet where there is a DHCP server. When you inquire,
based on the MAC address (the 12-digit hexadecimal number located
at the bottom of the ACS unit), the server will provide the appropriate
IP address. If there is no DHCP server, use the default static IP
address that is pre-configured in the ACS: 192.168.160.10.
For more detailed information, see Chapter 2.
The system brings up the AlterPath ACS Login page:
2. Log in as root and type in the Web root password configured by the Web
server.
The system brings up the ACS Web management page.
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4: Configuring the Web Interface
If another administrator is using the system, the following message
appears:
3. Click on the appropriate radio button and then click on the Apply button.
IMPORTANT: Take note of this login procedure. All subsequent online
procedures in this chapter assume that you are already logged in.
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ACS Web Interface: GUI Elements
The ACS web interface operates on two modes:
•
•
Wizard
Expert
Wizard Mode
The wizard is designed to simplify configuration by providing users the
default parameter values. The system will prompt you for the necessary fields,
give instructions during the process and, in some cases, populate the fields
automatically.
Designed for the novice, the wizard mode allows you to perform the basic
configuration necessary to set up ACS and users in the quickest possible way.
When you log in to ACS, the system brings up by default the Expert Mode
screen. To change to the Wizard Mode, click on the button located in the left
bottom corner of the screen labeled Wizard.
Logout button and IP/Hostname Info
User Entry Panel or Form
Menu
Panel
Unsaved Data
Indicator
Control Buttons
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Shown above is a typical page of the ACS web interface in Wizard Mode. The
user entry panel or form varies depending on the selected menu item. The
ACS uses forms and dialog boxes (i.e., pop-up windows that prompt you for
an answer or command) for data entry.
Expert Mode
Designed for advanced users, this is the default mode when you log in the
ACS. You can also change to this mode by clicking the Expert button at the
bottom of the menu panel switches the web interface from Wizard to Expert
Mode. Shown below is a typical ACS screen in Expert Mode. A main
difference between the two modes is the addition of a top menu bar in the
Expert Mode to support a wider array of menu choices.
The top menu bar is the primary menu; the left menu panel is the secondary
menu. Based on what you select from the top menu bar, the left menu
selections will change accordingly..
Logout button and
Top Menu Bar
Form Tabs
IP/Hostname Info
Menu
Panel
Control Buttons
Unsaved Data
Indicator
User Entry Panel
or Form
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4: Configuring the Web Interface
Occasionally, an Expert Mode menu selection will comprise multiple forms
(such as the one shown above). These forms are identified by their tabs. Select
the tab to access the desired form.
Button Functions
The control buttons located on the bottom of the ACS Web Configuration
window provide you the following functions for operating the interface.
Button Name
Use this button to:
Wizard / Expert
Wizard / Expert Switch the ACS Web Configuration
Screen to either Expert or Wizard Mode. The Expert
Mode is the default mode; in this mode, the Wizard
button is visible and vice versa.
Help?
Back
Invoke the online help sub window which provides
help information relating to the current form.
Traverse to the previous form (i.e., the form
preceding the current form as it appears in the
menu).
Try Changes
Test or run the system based on the settings from the
current form without having to save the
configuration.
Cancel Changes
Cancel your changes or reverts back to the original
configuration values.
Apply Changes
Next
Save your changes to the ACS Flash card.
Traverse to the next form (i.e., the form succeeding
the current form as it appears in the menu).
Saving Your Configuration
The Unsaved Changes indicator on the lower right hand corner of the ACS
web configuration window serves to remind you that you have made a
configuration entry or change which has not been saved.
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Unless you do not need to save your configuration, be sure to select the
Apply Changes button to ensure that your changes are saved to Flash.
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Configuring in Wizard Mode
As shown in the menu, the Wizard Mode configuration is composed of five
steps:
Step 1: Network Settings
Step 2: Port Profile
Step 3: Access
Step 4: Data Buffering
Step 5: System Log
Step 1: Network Settings
To configure the network settings for the ACS, follow the following steps:
1. From the main menu of the web interface, select Step 1: Network
Settings.
The system brings up the DHCP page (shown below). By default, the
DHCP checkbox is check marked, which means that the system is
already configured to use the DHCP server.
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2. If you are using DHCP, proceed to Step 2: Port Profile; if not, click on
the checkbox to deselect DHCP and enter your network settings
manually.
The Network Settings entry fields should appear as follows:
3. Type in the network information in the corresponding entry fields, and
then select Apply Changes.
If the meaning of a field is unclear, select the Help button for a definition
of the field.
4. Select the Next button OR proceed to Step 2: Port Profile section.
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4: Configuring the Web Interface
Step 2: Port Profile
The Port Profile configures your Console Access Profile (CAS), defining the
protocol and type of command line interface you will use to access the ACS.
The Port Profile controls the speed, data size, parity, and stop bits of all ports.
It sets the flow control to hardware, software, or none; and sets the DCD
signal and tty after the system establishes a socket connection to that serial
port.
In Wizard mode the system assumes that all devices will be connected at the
same parameter values.
If you need to configure different values to specific devices, then you
must click on the Expert mode button and select Ports > Physical
Ports to enter these values.
1. From the main menu of the web interface, select Step 2: Network
Settings.
The system displays the Port Profile form:
2. From the Port Profile form, complete the necessary fields.
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Definition
Field Name
Connection Protocol
The method you will use to access the serial ports.
Cyclades recommend SSH to ensure that all data and
authentication information are encrypted. Other
options are Telnet and Raw Data (for un-negotiated
plain socket connections).
Flow Control
Baud Rate
The method of flow control used by the attached
devices (Hardware, Software, or None).
The serial speed on each console port, which should
match the equipment you will connect to. The
recommended Baud Rate is 9600.
Data Size
Parity
Number of data bits used by the attached devices (5,
6, 7 or 8).
Parity used by the attached devices (None, Odd, or
Even).
Stop Bits
Number of stop bits used by the attached devices.
Authentication Req’d
Selecting this checkbox sets the system to require
authentication to access the ports. This is done in the
local database in the ACS.
If you require port authentication, then you must add users through
Wizard Step 3: Access.
To configure other authentication methods (e.g., LDAP, RADIUS,
TACACS), select the Expert button to switch to Expert Mode and
select: Security > Authentication.
3. Select Apply Changes to save configuration to Flash.
4. Select the Next button or proceed to the next section, Step 3: Access.
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Step 3: Access
The Wizard configuration of the Access form enables you to configure the
general access rights of users and groups to the ACS or systems which ACS
controls.
To grant users access to specific ports, switch to the Expert Mode,
then go to Security > Users and Groups.
From this window, you can:
•
•
•
Change a User Password
Add a user
Delete a user
1. If you haven’t opened the Access Form, from the menu panel, select Step
3: Access.
The system brings up the Access form:
2. To complete your User Access configuration, proceed to the appropriate
subheadings of this section: Changing a User Password, Adding a User,
or Deleting a User.
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Changing a User Password
If you haven’t changed your root administration password, now is
the time to change it using the Change User Password dialog box.
1. From the Users scrollable field box of the Access window, select the user
whose password you want to change, and then select the Change
Password button.
The system brings up the Change User Password dialog box:
2. Type in the new password in the two entry fields of the dialog box, and
then click on the OK button.
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Adding a User
1. If you haven’t opened the Access form, select Step 3: Access from the
menu panel.
The system brings up the Access form.
2. From the Access form, select the Add button.
The system brings up the Add User dialog box:
3. Enter the necessary User information into the following fields:
Field Name
Definition
User Name
Name of the ACS user.
Password
Password to be used by the user to access ACS.
Re-type the password.
Repeat Password
Group
Select the user group to which the user belongs.
There are two default groups with the following
associated access rights:
Admin (Read/Write)
Regular User (Read Only)
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Definition
Field Name
[dropdown list]
Select whether the user of this group is a NonBio
or a BioUser. The NonBio group, is the correct
choice for regular users. The BioUser group
should only be selected if authentication will be
made through the Cyclades AlterPath Bio
(biometric authentication).
Shell
Text string you wish to use as part of the shell
prompt for the current user.
Comments
Comments about the current user.
To define a new group, select the Expert button to switch to the
Expert Mode, and then select Security > Users and Groups.
4. Select the OK button when done.
5. From the bottom of the main window, select the Apply Changes button.
Deleting a User
1. From the Users scrollable field box of the Access form, select the user
that you wish to delete.
2. Select the Delete button.
3. Select Apply Changes.
For information on how to configure users and groups, see Users and Groups
under configuring ACS in expert mode.
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Step 4: Data Buffering
This step configures the data buffering file and mode for all ports that ACS
controls.
You can set data buffering to be done in local files or in remote files through
NFS. When using remote files, the remote server’s disk/partition space
imposes a limitation and the data is kept in linear (or sequential) files in the
remote Server. When using local files, the size of the available RAMdisk also
imposes a limitation. You can have data buffering done in file, syslog or both.
If you accept the default configuration values for data buffering, skip this step
and proceed to Step 5: System Log. Do not click on the Enable Data
Buffering checkbox.
1. From the menu panel, select Step 4: Data Buffering.
The system brings up the Data Buffering form:
2. Select the Enable Data Buffering checkbox, if unselected.
The system invokes the Data Buffering input fields.
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Definition
3. Complete the input fields as follows:
Field Name
Destination
Destination of the buffer files: Local (i.e.,
Ramdisk) or Remote.
Mode
If you selected Local destination, choose the file
sort mode. Select Linear for sequential files,
Circular for non-sequential files.
File Size (Bytes)
If you selected Local destination, the value for this
field cannot be zero.
Record the time stamp... Commands the system to include a time stamp in
the buffer.
Data Buffering file
Show Menu
Name of the buffer file.
Defines what you want to show in the menu of the
buffer file. Select from: Show all options, No,
Show data buffering file only, and Show without
the erase options.
4. If you selected Remote from the Destination field, type in the NFS File
Path from the resulting form (i.e., specify the NFS mount point. The NFS
server must be already configured, and the mount point exported):
5. Click on the Apply Changes button.
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The system can filter messages based on their content and perform an action
(e.g. to send an e-mail or pager message). To configure data buffering to send
a notification alarm, you must use the Notifications form (Go to Expert
Mode: Administration > Notifications).
Step 5: System Log
The System Log form allows you to configure one or more syslog servers to
receive syslog messages that are generated by the ACS. The ACS sends
syslog messages to all syslog servers that are defined here.
To configure syslog with data buffering features for specific ports,
switch to the Expert Mode, and then go to Ports > Physical Ports >
Data Buffering.
1. From the menu panel, select System Log.
The system brings up the System Log form:
2. From the System Log form, select the Syslog facility number that the
ACS will use to send out syslog messages.
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3. To add a new syslog server, type in the IP address in the New Syslog
Server field, and click Add. (Repeat step for as many syslog servers you
need to add.)
OR
4. To delete a syslog server, select the Syslog server to be deleted from the
Syslog Servers scrollable list box, and then click Delete.
5. Click on the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the main panel.
Configuring in Expert Mode
This section presents the procedures for configuring the ACS web interface in
Expert Mode. This mode is designed for the advanced user who needs to
configure the ACS beyond the capabilities of the basic wizard mode.
As indicated in the top menu bar, there are five additional areas of ACS
configuration in Expert mode:
•
•
•
•
•
Applications
Network
Security
Ports
Administration
Expert Mode Menu
Each top menu option provides additional side menu selections. Their
functions are as follows:
Applications
Menu Selection
Connect
Use this menu to:
Select and connect to a port.
Power Management
View and edit IPDU settings.This menu comprises
five tabbed forms: Outlets Manager, View IPDUs
Info, Users Manager, Configuration, and Software
Upgrade.
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Menu Selection
Use this menu to:
Terminal Profile Menu
Create command menu for a terminal (i.e., CLI or
VI).
Most of the fields for each form are defined in the procedure. For a
more detailed definition of these field names or terms, however, refer
to the Glossary of this manual.
Network
Menu Selection
Use this menu to:
Host Settings
Configure host connections, including: Ethernet Port
connections, DNS Service, and Name Service
Access.
Syslog
Define the Syslog Servers to enable system logging.
PCMCIA Management
Enable the insertion or ejection of PCMCIA cards;
configure the type of access and connection (e.g.,
Modem, ISDN, Ethernet) to ACS.
VPN Connections
Configure IPsec tunnels to establish a secure
connection between ACS and a security gateway
machine.
SNMP Daemon Settings
Services
Configure the SNMP server to manage complex
networks.
Define or activate the method of access (i.e., Telnet,
SSH, SNMP, Client, or NTP).
Firewall Configuration
Host Table
Configure static IP tables
View table of hosts; create, edit, and delete hosts.
View, create and delete routes from the table.
Static Routes
Security
Menu Selection
Use this menu to:
Users and Groups
Create/edit users and groups, establish/change their
passwords, access rights and privileges.
Active Port Sessions
View the status of all active port sessions.
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Ports
Menu Selection
Use this menu to:
Physical Ports
Modify ports settings for individual or all ports.
Physical Ports is composed of five configuration
forms as identified by their tab names: General,
Access, Data Buffering, Multi-User,
Power Management and Other.
Virtual Ports
Port Status
Add, edit or delete port slaves.
Shows the current status of each port. The
information provided here are: RS232 Signal Status
and user connected to each port.
Administration
Menu Selection
Use this menu to:
System Information
View summary information about the system (e.g.,
Kernel, CPU, memory, etc.).
Notifications
Configure the system to deliver alarm notification by
email, pager, or snmp trap; define alarm triggers; set
data buffering to send notification.
Time/Date
Set the unit’s date and time.
Boot Configuration
Defines the settings for loading the operating system
in the event that the ACS fails to boot successfully.
Backup Configuration
Use a FTP server to save and retrieve your ACS
configuration; use a storage device to store your
configuration.
Upgrade Firmware
Reboot
Upload/upgrade new firmware.
Reboot the ACS system.
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Applications > Connect
The Connect form, which launches a Java browser, is used to:
•
•
Connect to the ACS box. The connection type is always SSHv2.
Connect to a console port based on what port you select from the drop
down menu. The connection type depends on how your ACS is config-
ured.
1. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the left menu panel,
select Connect.
The system invokes the port selection form:
2. To connect to a port (by default, the radio button is already selected
for connecting to a port), select from the drop down menu the port
to which you wish to connect, and then click on Connect.
- OR -
To connect to the ACS box, select the radio button for Connect to
ACS Box, and then click on Connect.
Depending on your selection, the system either opens a Java con-
nection to the port selected, or launches an SSHv2 connection to the
ACS box.
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Applications > Power Management
ACS allows you to remotely manage all Intelligent Power Distribution Units
(IPDUs) connected to the ACS. Power management configuration comprises
five tabbed forms:
Form Title
Outlets Manager
View IPDUs Info
Use this form to:
Switch on/off and lock/unlock outlets.
View IPDU information by ports and slaves. The
information form provides real-time, global, current
monitoring of all connected devices.
Users Manager
Configuration
Add or delete users assigned to specific outlets.
Enable over power protection, syslog and alarm
notification from any specified port. The form
allows you to set a current alarm threshold that once
exceeded will have the ACS sound an alarm or send
a notification message.
Software Upgrade
Upgrade power management software.
You can also configure the port assignments of the IPDU units, including its
user and group access using the Power Management form of the Ports menu
(Ports > Physical Ports > Power Management).
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Applications > Power management > Outlets Manager
The Outlets Manager form allows you to check the status of all IPDUs
connected to the Console Server, including their outlets. Any user who has
Administration privileges can turn on, turn off, cycle, lock and unlock the
outlets.
1. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the left menu panel,
select Power Management.
The system invokes the following form:
In the example above, the yellow bulbs (i.e, the actual color online when
the switch is ON) and the opened padlock indicate that the outlets are
switched on and unlocked.
2. To switch on/off an outlet, click on the light bulb; to lock/unlock an
outlet, click on the padlock.
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In the sample form below, outlet 2 is switched off and locked.
3. To save your changes, click on the Save Outlets State button located in
the form.
4. From the lower control buttons of the main window, click on the Apply
Changes button.
To Edit the Power Up Interval
You can edit the power up interval of an outlet as follows:
1. From the Outlets Manager form (Applications > Power Management),
select the particular outlet that you wish to edit by clicking the adjacent
Edit button.
The system brings up the Edit Outlet dialog box:
2. From the Power Up Interval field of the Edit Outlet dialog box, enter the
time interval (in seconds) in which the system waits after the outlet is
switched on; select OK when done.
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Applications > Power Management > View IPDUs Info
The IPDU Info form allows you to view all IPDU information (e.g., number
of outlets of each unit, current, temperature, alarm threshold levels, firmware,
etc.) by serial port.
The form stores historical values of the maximum current and the maximum
temperature.
To view IPDU information, perform the following steps:
1. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the left menu panel,
select Power Management; from the form tabs, select View IPDUs Info.
The system brings up the IPDUs Info form:
2. To delete the stored values for the maximum detected current, select the
Clear Max Detected Current button.
3. To delete the stored values for the maximum detected temperature, select
the Clear Max Detected Temperature button.
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Applications > Power Management > Users Manager
The Users Management form of Power Management allows you to assign
users to selected outlets for each serial port, and vice versa.
To add a user or edit an assigned user, perform the following steps:
1. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the left menu panel,
select Power Management; from the tabs, select Users Manager.
The system brings up the Users Manager form:
2. To edit an assigned user, select the user you wish to edit from the Serial
Port view table and then select the Edit button that corresponds to the
table.
- OR -
To add or assign a new user select the Add button from the appropriate
Serial Port view table.
The system brings up the Add/Edit User dialog box:
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3. From the Add/Edit User dialog box, modify or enter in the corresponding
fields the user and the outlets to which the user is assigned, and then select
the OK button.
In the Outlets field, use the comma to separate each outlet; use
the hyphen to indicate a range of outlets (e.g., 1, 3, 6, 9-12).
Selecting Edit will not allow you to edit or delete the user, only the
outlet assignments for that user.
4. Verify your entry by checking the appropriate Serial Port table from the
Users Manager form.
5. Select the Apply Changes button located at the bottom of the ACS
application window to save your configuration.
Deleting a User
1. To delete an assigned user, select the user you wish to delete from the
appropriate Serial Port view table.
2. Based on the Serial Port view table that you are working on, select the
corresponding Delete button.
3. Select the Apply Changes button located at the bottom of the ACS
application window.
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Applications > Power Management > Configuration
To configure IPDUs to generate alarms or syslog files, perform the following
steps:
1. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the left menu panel,
select Power Management; from the default Outlets Manager form
select the Configuration tab.
The system brings up the Configuration form:
2. From the Configuration form, select the Serial Port you wish to configure
and then click on the appropriate radio buttons to enable/disable Over
Current Protection, Syslog, and Buzzer.
3. If enabling the buzzer or alarm notification, provide the Alarm Threshold
(1-100 amps) for that master or slave unit.
4. Click on the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the ACS application
window.
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Applications > Power Management > Software Upgrade
The Software Upgrade form of Power Management allows you to upgrade
the Power Management software for a selected serial port. The first line of the
form shows the latest software version available. The presence of an
Upgrade button indicates that a new software version for that master or slave
port is available.
To upgrade the software for a selected port, perform the following steps:
1. Go to the Cyclades web site and enter the “Download/Drivers” area.
Download the latest AlterPath PM firware to the /tmp folder in the ACS
box. Be sure to name the firmware "pmfirmware" otherwise the ACS
should not detected it. Note that you cannot copy the firmware image to
the ACS unit through the web interface; you must do it via SSH or by
accessing the console port.
2. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the left menu panel,
select Power Management; from the tabs, select Software Upgrade.
The system brings up the Software Upgrade form:
3. Select the Refresh button to ensure that all software information on the
form is up-to-date.
4. From the Software Version list, select the software you wish to update,
and then select the Update button to the right of the listed version.
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5. Select the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the configuration
window to save your configuration.
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Applications > Terminal Profile Menu
The Terminal Profile Menu form enables you to create a menu of commands
for users to use whenever ACS is used as a terminal server with dumb
terminals attached. The menu should appear when users turn on the dumb
terminal and login to ACS.
You can create any valid command recognized by the ACS operating system.
The most common use of this feature is to launch an SSH session to a host
system.
1. From the top menu bar, select Applications; from the menu panel, select
Terminal Profile Menu.
The system invokes the Terminal Profile Menu form:
2. To edit a menu option, select the action name from the table and then
click on the Edit button.
- OR -
To add a new menu option to an existing menu, click on the Add button.
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The system invokes the following dialog box:
3. Type in the menu title and/or action to the corresponding entry fields and
then select Apply.
4. Verify your entry or edits from the Menu Options list of the Terminal
Profile Menu form.
5. To enter or edit another command, repeat steps 2 through 4.
6. Click on the Apply Changes button located at the bottom of the
configuration window.
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Network > Host Settings
The Host Settings form allows you to configure the network settings for ACS.
1. Select Network from the top menu bar, and then select Host Settings
from the left menu panel.
The system brings up the Host Settings form.
By default, the DHCP field is check marked. If you wish to disable DHCP
and enter the host settings manually, click the checkbox to remove the
check mark.
The system should add the following fields to your form:
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2. From the Host Settings form, complete or edit the following fields, as
necessary:
Filed Name
Field Definition
Host Name
The fully qualified domain name identifying the
specific host computer within the Internet.
Console Banner
A text string designed to appear on the console
upon logging into and exiting from a port as a way
to verify or identify the particular port connection.
Ethernet Port
Primary IP
IP address of the unit.
Secondary IP
The second IP address of the unit. Configuring the
second IP address, the unit will be available for
more than one network.
Network Mask
The 32-bit number used to group IP addresses
together or to indicate the range of IP addresses
for this IP network/subnet/supernet.
Secondary Network Mask Optional.
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit used by the TCP
protocol.
DNS Service
DNS Server
Address of the Domain Name Server.
Secondary DNS Server
Domain Name
Address of the backup Domain Name Server.
The name that identifies the domain (e.g.,
domainname.com).
Gateway IP
As indicated.
3. Select the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the application window
to complete the procedure.
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Network > Syslog
The Syslog form allows you to configure one or more syslog servers to
receive ACS-generated syslog messages. The ACS generates syslog messages
related to users connecting to ports, login failures and other information that
can be used for audit trailing purposes. You also use this form to delete syslog
servers.
1. Select Network from the top menu bar, and then select Syslog from the
left menu panel.
The system brings up the Syslog form.
2. Complete the form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Facility Number
Facility number to identify the location of the
Syslog Server.
New Syslog Server
Syslog Servers
Name of the Syslog Server that you wish to add.
List of all Syslog Servers connected to ACS.
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3. To add a new Syslog Server, type in the name of the server in the New
Syslog Server field, and then select the Add button
- OR -
To delete a Syslog Server, from the Syslog Servers list box, select the
server you wish to delete, and then select Delete.
4. Select Apply Changes to save your changes to Flash.
Network > PCMCIA Management
The PCMCIA Management form allows you to configure the types of
PCMCIA card that are installed in either one or both of the PCMCIA slots.
Cyclades ACS supports several PCMCIA cards including modem, ISDN,
wireless and wired NICs, Compact Flash and IDE drives for data buffer
storage.
For a list of all ACS-supported PCMCIA Cards, refer to Appendix A:
Hardware Specifications.
You can insert a card at any time and the corresponding driver should load
automatically. Before removing a card, however, you must configure the
PCMCIA form to eject the card and stop the system from using the card.
1. Select Network from the top menu bar, and then select PCMCIA
Management from the left menu panel.
The system brings up the PCMCIA Management form:
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2. Insert the card into the PCMCIA slot and then select the Insert button.
3. To configure the card, select the Configure button.
The system brings up the PCMCIA Configuration dialog box:
4. From the pull down menu, select the type of card that you are using.
5. Complete the rest of the dialog box. (See the succeeding PCMCIA
Configuration Dialog Boxes section for information about each input
field.)
6. Click on the OK button when done.
7. Click on Apply Changes to save your configuration.
PCMCIA Configuration Dialog Boxes
The ACS supports the following types of PCMCIA cards:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Modem
ISDN
GSM
Ethernet
Compact Flash
Wireless LAN
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The dialog box for configuring the PCMCIA card will have varying sets of
input fields depending on the type of PCMCIA card that you select from the
drop down box:
Access Method: Modem
If the selected card type is Modem (default), the following fields are used:
Field Name
Definition
[PCMCIA Card]
Pull-down box to select the type of PCMCIA card that
you are using.
PPP
Check box to enable point-to-point protocol.
The local IP address of the PCMCIA card.
The remote IP address of the PCMCIA card.
Check box to enable the callback security feature.
The phone number that the ACS uses to call back.
Local IP
Remote IP
Call Back
Phone Number
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Access Method: ISDN
If the selected Access Method is ISDN, the following fields are used:
Field Name
Definition
[PCMCIA Card]
Select ISDN from the pull-down box.
PPP
Check box to enable point-to-point protocol.
The local IP address of the PCMCIA card.
The remote IP address of the PCMCIA card.
Check box to enable the callback security feature.
The phone number that the ACS uses to call back.
Local IP
Remote IP
Call Back
Phone Number
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Access Method: GSM
If the selected Access Method is GSM, the following fields are used:
Field Name
Definition
[PCMCIA Card]
Select GSM from the pull-down box.
The local IP address of the PCMCIA card.
The remote IP address of the PCMCIA card.
Local IP
Remote IP
Pin Number
The personal identification number associated with
the GSM.
Call Back
Check box to enable the callback security feature.
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Access Method: Ethernet
If the selected Access Method is Ethernet, the following fields are used:
Field Name
Definition
[PCMCIA Card]
Select Ethernet from the Pull-down box.
The local IP address of the Ethernet.
The network address of the Ethernet.
IP Address
Network Address
Access Method: Compact Flash
If the selected Access Method is Compact Flash, the following fields are
used:
Field Name
Definition
[PCMCIA Card]
Select Compact Flash from the Pull-down box.
Check box to enable the compact flash.
Enable
Use for Data Buffering
Check box to use the compact flash for data
buffering.
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Access Method > Wireless LAN
If the selected Access Method is Wireless LAN, the following fields are used:
Field Name
Definition
[Unlabeled]
Pull-down box to select the type of PCMCIA card
that you are using.
PPP
Check box to enable point-to-point protocol.
The local IP address of the PCMCIA card.
The remote IP address of the PCMCIA card.
Check box to enable the callback security feature.
The phone number that the ACS uses to call back.
Local IP
Remote IP
Call Back
Phone Number
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What is VPN
If you already understand how VPN works, skip this section and proceed to
the next procedure, Network > VPN Connections.
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network lets the Console Server and a whole
network communicate securely when the only connection between them is
over a third network which is not trustable. The method is to put a security
gateway machine in the network and create a security tunnel between the
Console Server and this gateway. The gateway machine and the Console
Server encrypt packets entering the untrusted net and decrypt packets leaving
it, creating a secure tunnel through it.
Often it may be useful to have explicitly configured IPsec tunnels between the
Console Server and a gateway of an office with a fixed IP address (in this case
every machine on the office network would have a secure connection with the
Console Server), or between the Console Server and the Console Server
administrator machine, which must, in this case, have a fixed IP address.
You can add this connection descriptor to both the Console Server and the
other end. This is the advantage of using left and right instead of using local
remote parameters.
If you give an explicit IP address for left (and left and right are not directly
connected), then you must specify leftnexthop (the router which Console
Server sends packets to in order to get them delivered to right). Similarly, you
may need to specify rightnexthop (vice versa).
The Role of IPsec
IPsec is used mainly to construct a secure connection (tunnel) between two
networks (ends) over a not-necessarily-secure third network. In ACS, the
IPsec is used to connect the ACS securely to a host or to a whole network--
configurations usually referred to as host-to-network and host-to-host tunnel.
Practically, this is the same thing as a VPN, but here one or both sides have a
degenerated subnet (i.e., only one machine).
The IPsec protocol provides encryption and authentication services at the IP
level of the network protocol stack. Working at this level, IPsec can protect
any traffic carried over IP, unlike other encryption which generally protects
only a particular higher-level protocol (PGP for mail, SSH for login, SSL for
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Web work and so on). The implementation of IPsec used by the AlterPath
Console Server is FreeSWAN (www.freeswan.org).
You can use IPsec on any machine that does IP networking. Wherever
required to protect traffic, you can install dedicated IPsec gateway machines.
IPsec can also run on routers, firewall machines, various application servers,
and end-user desktop or laptop machines.
Authentication Keys
To establish a connection, the Console Server and the other end must be able
to authenticate each other. For FreeS/WAN, the default is public key
authentication based on the RSA algorithm.
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Network > VPN Connections
The VPN configuration form allows you to configure one or more VPN
connections to other systems or Cyclades ACS devices.
Select one of the existing VPN connections and click the edit button or click
the add button to add a new one. This launches a dialog box to prompt for the
details of the connection. Complete the fields in the dialog box. The RSA
keys may be entered using the Copy and Paste feature of your Browser.
1. Select Network from the top menu bar, and then select VPN
Connections from the left menu panel.
The system brings up the VPN Connections form:
2. To edit a VPN connection, select the VPN connection that you wish to
edit from the form, and then select the Edit button.
- OR -
To add a VPN connection, select the Add button.
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The system brings up the New/Modify VPN Connection dialog box:
If the selected Authentication Method is RSA Public Keys, the left
dialog box is used. If the Authenticatication Method is Shared Secret,
the right dialog box is used.
3. Edit or complete the appropriate fields from either dialog box as follows:
Field Name
Connection Name
Definition
Name of the VPN connection.
Authentication Protocol
Authentication protocol used to establish a VPN
connection.
Authentication Method
Authentication method used to establish a VPN
connection.
Remote (“Right”)
ID
Identification name.
Remote IP address.
IP Address
NextHop
The router to which the Console Server sends
packets in order to deliver them to the left.
Subnet Mask
As indicated.
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Field Name
Definition
RSA Key
You may use the copy and paste feature of your
browser to enter the RSA key.
Local (“Left”)
ID
Identification name.
Local IP address.
IP Address
NextHop
The router to which the Console Server sends
packets in order to deliver them to the right.
Subnet Mask
RSA Key
As indicated.
You may use the copy and paste feature of your
browser to enter the RAS key.
Boot Action
Boot action with regards to generating an RSA
key pair upon system boot.
Pre-Shared Secret
The pre-shared password between left and right
users.
4. Select the OK button.
5. Select the Apply Changes button to save your configuration.
SNMP Daemon Settings
Short for Simple Network Management Protocol, SNMP is a set of protocols
for managing complex networks. SNMP works by sending messages, called
protocol data units (PDUs), to different parts of a network. SNMP-compliant
devices (agents), store data about themselves in Management Information
Bases (MIBs) and return this data to the SNMP requesters.
The ACS uses the Net-SNMP package (http://www.net-snmp.org). The Net-
SNMP package contains various tools relating to the Simple Network
Management Protocol including an extensible agent, an SNMP library, tools
to request or set information from SNMP agents, tools to generate and handle
SNMP traps, a version of the unix 'netstat' command using SNMP and a
Tk/perl mib browser.
SNMP is configured with community names, OID and user names. ACS
supports SNMPv1, v2 and v3. The two versions require different
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configurations. SNMPv1/v2 requires community, source, object ID and the
type of community (read-write, read-only). V3 requires user name.
Important! Check the SNMP configuration before gathering
information about ACS by SNMP. There are different types of attacks
an unauthorized user can implement to retrieve sensitive information
contained in the MIB. By default, the SNMP configuration in ACS
cannot permit the public community to read SNMP information.
To configure SNMP:
1. From the top menu bar, select Networks; from the left menu panel, select
SNMP Daemon Settings.
The system invokes the SNMP Daemon Settings form:
2. Type in the following System Information, as necessary:
Field Name
Definition
Community
The community name acts as a password to
authenticate messages sent between an SNMP
client and a router containing an SNMP server.
The community name is sent in every packet
between the client and the server.
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Field Name
Definition
SysContact
The email of the person to contact regarding the
host on which the agent is running
SysLocation
The physical location of the system
(e.g., mydomain).
If you are using SNMPv3, skip steps 2 and 3; proceed to step 4.
3. To Add an SNMP agent using SNMPv1/SNMP2 Configuration, select the
Add button located at the bottom of this view table.
- OR -
To edit an SNMP agent, select the Edit button.
The system invokes the New/Modify v1 v2 Configuration dialog box:
4. Complete the dialog box as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Community
The password used to authenticate messages sent
between the SNMP client and the router containing
the SNMP server.
Source
OID
The IP addresses or the range of source IP address.
Object Identifier.
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Definition
Field Name
Permission
Select the permission type:
Read Only - Read-only access to the entire MIB
except for SNMP configuration objects.
Read/Write - Read-write access to the entire MIB
except for SNMP configuration objects.
Admin - Read-write access.
5. If you are adding or editing an SNMP agent using SNMPv3, scroll down
to the lower half of the SNMP Configuration form:
6. To Add an SNMP agent using SNMPv3 Configuration, select the Add
button located at the bottom of this view table.
- OR -
To edit an SNMP agent, select the Edit button.
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The system invokes the New/Modify SNMP v3 Configuration dialog
box:
7. Complete the form and when done, select the OK button from the dialog
box.
8. Verify your entry or modification from the respective tables of the SNMP
Configuration form.
9. Select the Apply Changes button to complete the procedure.
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Services
The Services form is used to enable or disable the daemons to use to allow
different incoming connections.
1. From the top menu, select Network; from the left menu panel, select
Services.
The system invokes the Services form.
2. From the Services form, select the service(s) you wish to use.
3. Select the Apply Changes button to save your configuration.
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Firewall Configuration
Firewall configuration, also known as IP filtering, refers to the selective
blocking of the passage of IP packets between global and local networks. The
filtering is based on rules that describe the characteristics of the packet (e.g.,
the contents of the IP header, the input/output interface, or the protocol).
This feature is used mainly in firewall applications to filter the packets that
could potentially crack the network system or generate unnecessary traffic in
the network.
Structure of IP Filtering
The Firewall Configuration form is structured on two levels:
•
The view table of the Firewall Configuration form which contains a list of
chains.
•
The chains which contain the rules that control filtering.
Chain
The filter table contains a number of built-in chains and can include any other
chains that you add (user-defined chains) through the Add Chain dialog box.
User-defined chains are called when a rule which is matched by the packet
points to the chain.
The built-in chains are called according to the type of packet, and are
classified as follows:
•
•
•
INPUT - For packets coming into the ACS box itself.
FORWARD - For packets being routed through the ACS box.
OUTPUT - For locally-generated packets.
Rule
Each chain has a sequence of rules that address the following:
•
How the packet should appear in order to match the rule.
Some information about the packet is checked according to the rule, for
example, the IP header, the input and output interfaces, the TCP flags and
the protocol.
•
What to do when the packet matches the rule.
The packet can be accepted, blocked, logged or jumped to a user-defined
chain.
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When a chain is analyzed, the rules of this chain are reviewed one-by-one
until the packet matches one rule. If no rule is found, the default action for
that chain will be taken.
Network > Firewall Configuration
1. Select Network from the top menu bar, and then select Firewall
Configuration from the left menu panel.
The system brings up the Firewall Configuration form. As explained in
the last section, this form lists the chains that make up the rules for IP
filtering.
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Adding a Chain
1. From the Firewall Configuration form, click on the Add button.
The system brings up the Add Chain dialog box:
2. Type in the chain name in the Name Field, and then select OK. (Spaces
are not allowed in the chain name.)
3. After entering a new chain name, click on the Edit Rules button to access
the next dialog window to enter the rules for that chain.
4. Select OK to commit your changes.
5. To add rules to your new chain, proceed to the Adding a Rule section.
Editing a Chain
1. To edit a chain, select from the view table the chain you wish to edit and
then select the Edit button.
The system brings up the Edit Chain dialog box:
2. Modify the Policy field, as necessary, and then select the OK button.
3. If you need to edit any rules for this chain, proceed to the Editing a Rule
section.
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Deleting a Chain
Only user-defined chains can be deleted. The system will not allow you to
delete a built-in chain.
1. From the Firewall Configuration form, select the chain you wish to delete
from the list, and then select the Delete button.
Editing a Rule
The rules define how the filtering should work. To edit a rule, choose from
the Edit Rule dialog box the target policy (Accept/Reject/Log/Return/Drop)
and the packets you want to filter (source/destination IP, Ethernet interface
and protocol type, if it applies to fragments). Any of the items (i.e., source/
destination IP, input/output interface) can be inverted by checking the
Inverted check box. To invert means, rules will apply to everything except
for the (adjacent) item just defined.
1. From the Firewall Configuration form, select the chain containing the
rule(s) that you wish to edit, and then click on the Edit Rule button.
The system brings up the Edit Rules for Chain form:
2. From the Edit Rules for Chain form, select the rule you wish to edit, and
then click on the Edit button. Use the Up and Down buttons to navigate
through the list, as necessary.
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The system brings up the Edit Rule dialog box:
3. Complete the necessary fields as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Target
Indicates the action to be performed to the IP
packet when it matches the rule. The kernel can be
configured to ACCEPT, DROP, RETURN, LOG or
REJECT the packet by sending a message,
translating the source or the destination IP address/
port or sending the packet to another user-defined
chain.
Source IP
Mask
The source IP address.
Source network mask. Required when a network
should be included in the rule.
Inverted
Select box to invert the target action (i.e., the
action assigned to the target will be performed to
all source IPs/Masks except to the one just
defined).
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Definition
Field Name
Destination IP
Destination IP address.
Mask
Destination network mask.
Inverted
Select box to invert the target action (i.e., the
action assigned to the target will be performed to
all Destination/Mask IPs except to the one just
defined).
Protocol
Inverted
The transport protocol to check. If the numeric
value is available, select Numeric and type the
value in the adjacent text input field; otherwise,
select one of the other options.
Select box to invert the target action (i.e., the
action assigned to the target will be performed to
all protocols except to the one just defined).
Interface
Inverted
The interface where the IP packet should pass.
Select box to invert the target action (i.e., the
action assigned to the target will be performed to
all interfaces except to the one just defined).
Fragments
Indicates the fragments or unfragmented packets to
be checked. The firewall (i.e., IP Tables) can check
for:
- All Packets.
- 2nd, 3rd... fragmented packets.
- Non-fragmented and 1st fragmented packets.
ICMP Options Section
Select from the scrollable list the error message to
be associated with the rule. ICMP is the internet
protocol sent in response to errors in TCP/IP
messages (i.e., IP datagrams or packets), between a
host and a gateway. The messages are processed by
the IP software and are transparent to the
application user.
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Additional Fields
If you selected Log as the Target, the following additional fields appear:
Field Name
Definition
Log Level
The log level classification to be used based on the
type of error message (e.g., alert, warning, info,
debug, etc.).
Log Prefix
The prefix that will identify the log.
TCP Sequence
TCP Options
IP Options
Check box to include TCP sequence in the log.
Check box to include TCP options in the log.
Check box to include IP options in the log.
If you selected Reject as the target, the Reject Options field appears:
From the scrollable list, select the ICMP message to be associated with
the Reject target.
4. Click on the OK button when done.
5. Click on the Apply Changes located at the bottom of the ACS
configuration window to save your configuration.
Adding a Rule
The forms and dialog boxes for adding a rule is similar to the ones used for
editing a rule. Refer to the Editing a Rule procedure section for a definition of
the user input fields.
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1. From the Firewall Configuration form, select the chain to which you
wish to add a rule (or if you are adding a new chain, select the Add button
and follow the procedure for Adding a Chain.)
2. Click on the Edit Rule button.
The system brings up the Edit Rule for Chain dialog box.
3. From the Edit Rule for Chain dialog box, click on the Add button.
The system brings up the Add Rule dialog box.
4. Complete the Add Rule dialog box. (Refer to the Editing a Rule section
for a definition of the input fields, as needed.)
5. Click on the Apply Changes button located at the bottom of the ACS
configuration window to complete the procedure.
About the Reject Options Section
When Reject is selected as the target, the Reject Options Section appears
with the following fields:
Field Name
Definition
Reject with
(“Reject with” means that the filter will drop the
input packet and send back a reply packet
according to any of the reject types listed below.)
Choices are:
icmp-net-unreachable
icmp-host-unreachable
icmp-port-unreachable
icmp-proto-unreachable
icmp-net-prohibited
icmp-host-prohibited
echo-reply
ICMP network unreachable alias.
ICMP host unreachable alias.
ICMP port unreachable alias.
ICMP protocol unreachable alias.
ICMP network prohibited alias.
ICMP host prohibited alias.
Echo reply alias.
tcp-reset
TCP RST packet alias.
The packets are matched (using tcp flags and appropriate reject type)
with the REJECT target.
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Network > Host Table
The Host Table form enables you to keep a table of host names and IP
addresses that comprise your local network, and thus provide information
about your network environment.
1. From the top menu bar, select Network; from the left menu panel, select
Host Table.
The system invokes the Host Tables form:
2. To edit host, select the host IP address from the Host Table and then click
on the Edit button. (If the list is long, use the Up and Down buttons to go
through each item in the list.)
- OR -
To add a host, click the Add button.
The system brings up the New/Modify Host dialog box:
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3. Type in the new or modified host address in the IP Address field, and the
host name in the Name field, and then select the OK button.
4. To delete a host, select the host you wish to delete from the Host Table
form, and then select the Delete button from the form.
5. Select the Apply Changes button to save your configuration to Flash.
Network > Static Routes
The Static Routes form allows you to manually add routes. The Routing Table
defines which interface should transmit an IP packet based on destination IP
information. Static routes are a quick and effective way to route data from one
subnet to another.
You can add or edit a hard-coded static route by clicking on the
corresponding buttons. They'll bring you to a dialog box to enter the route to
be added. To delete a static route, highlight the route and then select the
Delete button.
1. From the top menu bar, select Network; from the left menu panel, select
Static Routes.
The system brings up the Static Routes table form:
Refer to the field definitions in Step 3 for the meaning of each
field in the table.
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2. To edit a static route, select a route from the Static Routes form, and then
select the Edit button.
- OR -
To add a static route, select the Add button from the form.
The system invokes the New/Modify Route dialog box:
Complete the fields as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Route
Select Default, Network, or Host.
Network IP
Network Mask
Host IP
This field appears only if Network is selected.
The address of the destination network.
Only if Network is selected.
The mask of the destination network.
Only if Host is selected.
The IP address of the destination host.
Go to
Select Gateway or Interface.
The address of the gateway or interface.
The number of hops.
(Adjacent field)
Metric
3. Select Apply when done.
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Security
The Security configuration of the ACS, as shown by the left menu panel
includes the following configuration forms:
•
Users and Groups
•
Active Ports Sessions
Users and Groups
Users and Groups configuration allows you to set up users to have access to
the ACS web application, assign them to specific groups that share common
access rights, as well as assign or re-assign passwords. Moreover, you can
create new groups to add to the group list.
The access limits provide privileges based on the functionality of the Web
page.
The two groups to which you can assign a user are:
•
•
Admin - Read/Write Access
Regular User - Limited R/W Access
Although root is also a user, there is only one root user (username root,
default password tslinux).
If a step does not apply (e.g., edit, delete), skip to the next step.
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Adding Users and Groups to the Access List
1. From the top menu bar, select Security; from the left menu panel, select
Users and Groups.
The system brings up the Users and Groups form:
2. To add a user to the User list OR to add a group to the Group list, select
the Add button at the bottom of the corresponding list box.
The system brings up the Add Users and Groups dialog box:
3. Complete the dialog box shown above, and then select OK.
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All users must be assigned to a group.
4. To edit a user or a group, from the Users and Groups form, select the user
or the group you wish to edit from the appropriate listbox, and then select
the Edit button located that the bottom of the corresponding listbox.
5. Repeat step 3.
Deleting a User from a Group
1. To delete a user, select the user name you wish to delete from the User
List of the Users and Groups form, and then select the Delete button at
the bottom of the list box.
- OR -
To delete a group, select the group name from the Group listbox of the
Users and Groups form, and then select the Delete button.
Changing the User Password
1. To change a user’s password, select the user whose password you wish to
change from the User List, and then select the Change Password button.
The system brings up the Change Password dialog box.
2. Complete the Change Password dialog box and then select OK.
3. From the bottom of the main ACS window, select Apply Changes to
save your configuration to Flash.
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Active Ports Sessions
The Active Ports Sessions window is designed to provide you a quick status,
and usage information (e.g., user, tty, Login time, JCPU, etc.) pertaining to all
active ports sessions.
Open sessions are displayed with their identifications and statistics data for
login, session and CPU usage for the specific client. JCPU relates all
processes attached to that port including running background processes.
PCPU relates the current processing time.
1. From the top menu bar, select Security; from the left menu panel, select
Active Ports Sessions.
The system invokes the Active Ports Sessions window:
The field or column names of the above view table indicate the following:
Field Name
Definition
The user who initiated the port session.
The name of the serial port.
User
TTY
From
The network machine to which the port is
connected.
Login
Idle
The time of the last login.
The time when the port became inactive.
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Definition
Field Name
JCPU
The duration of time used by all processes
attached to the tty. It does not include past
background jobs; only currently running
background jobs.
PCPU
What
The time used by the current process that is named
in the What column.
The current process attached to the tty.
Ports
The Ports section of the ACS configuration in Expert Mode provides two
menu choices:
Physical Ports
Allows you to view and modify the physical port
settings.
Virtual Ports
Allows you to view and modify the slave port
settings.
Ports > Physical Ports
The Physical Ports form is used to select the ports you wish to configure
(i.e., all ports or individually selected ports). Once you have selected the
port(s) to configure, you will have access to five tabbed forms to configure
any of the following:
Tab Name
Use this form to:
General
Access
Define general port settings;
Connect to an IPDU port and select the connection
type (SSH, Telnet or both).
Designate users and groups to authenticate, and
assign authentication type or server.
Data Buffering
Define data buffering mode, size, syslog server,
etc.
Multi User
Enable concurrent usage and sniff mode.
Power Management
Enable Power Management for the selected
port(s); assign users and groups to enable them to
set the IPDU settings for these port(s).
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Tab Name
Use this form to:
Other (port settings)
Configure other port settings such as break
interval, login banner, PPP options, etc.
To configure the ports:
1. From the top menu, select Ports; from the left menu, select Physical
Ports.
The system invokes the Physical Ports Modification form:
This form allows you to:
•
•
Modify all or only selected ports.
Enable or disable selected ports.
2. To modify selected ports, select the port you wish to modify from the
Physical Ports Modification form, and then click on the Modify Selected
Ports button.
- OR -
To modify all ports, click on the Modify All Ports button.
3. Proceed to the next section, Port Settings and select the tabbed form you
wish to configure.
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Associating an Alias to a Port
To specify an alias parameter to associate a name to a port, perform the
following steps.
1. While in Expert Mode, go to: Ports > Physical Ports.
2. From the Physical Ports (Selection) form, select the port to
configure and then click on the Modify Selected Ports button.
The system displays the Modify Selected Port form:
The General tabbed form varies according to what you have
previously selected from the main Physical Ports form. The Alias
field, for example, would not have displayed if you selected the
Modify All Ports button.
3. From the Alias field, enter the port alias using one or more strings
separated by spaces.
4. Click on the Apply Changes button to save your configuration.
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Ports > Physical Ports > General Port
The General form is used to define the port profile for the selected port(s).
1. From the top menu, select Ports; from the left menu, select Physical
Ports.
The system invokes the General tabbed form:
2. Complete the form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Connection Protocol
The connection protocol to be used by the selected
port. Choices are: Console (Telnet), Console
(SSH), Console (Raw), Telnet, SSHv1, SSHv2,
Local Terminal, Raw Socket, PPP-No Auth, PPP,
SLIP, CSLIP, and Power Management.
Alias
Port alias, if applicable.
Baud Rate (Kbps)
Data Size
Stop Bits
9600 Kbps is the default rate for most servers.
The number of data bits.
The number of port stop bits.
Parity
Port parity -- none, even, or odd.
Choices: None, Hardware, or Software.
Flow Control
3. Click on the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the ACS
configuration window to save your port settings.
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Power Management Access
There are three ways in which the General form allows you to access Power
Management:
•
•
•
SSH
Telnet
SSH and Telnet
1. Go to Ports > Physical Ports > General.
2. From the Connection Protocol pull down menu of the General tabbed
form, select Power Management.
The system invokes new fields for selecting the connection type.
3. From the invoked dropdown entry field (Allow Access by), select the
desired connection type.
The system activates the Access and Other tabs.
4. If you selected SSH and/or Telnet, select the Access tab.
5. From the Access tabbed form, configure the authentication method for
SSH and/or Telnet, as selected from the previous form.
6. If Biometric authentication is required, select and complete the Other
tabbed form.
7. Click on Apply Changes to save your configuration to Flash.
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Ports > Physical Ports > Access
The Access form of the Ports menu is used to assign users and groups to an
authentication services. You also select the authentication service from this
form.
A summary of authentication services that you can configure from this form is
as follows:
Authentication Type
Definition
None
No authentication.
Local
Authentication is performed locally (i.e., using the /
etc/passwd file).
Remote
This is for a terminal profile only. The unit takes in a
username but does not use it for authentication.
Instead it passes it to the remote server where it is
then used for authentication.
Radius
Authentication is performed using a Radius
authentication server.
TacacsPlus
Ldap
Authentication is performed using a TacacsPlus
authentication server.
Authentication is performed against an ldap database
using an ldap server.
Kerberos
Authentication is performed using a Kerberos server.
Local/Radius
Authentication is performed locally first, switching
to Radius if unsuccessful.
Radius/Local
The opposite of the previous option.
Local/TacacsPlus
Authentication is performed locally first, switching
to TacacsPlus if unsuccessful.
TacacsPlus/Local
RadiusDownLocal
The opposite of the previous option.
Local authentication is tried only when the Radius
server is down.
TacacsPlusDownLocal
kerberosDownLocal
ldapDownLocal
Local authentication is tried only when the
TacacsPlus server is down.
Local authentication is tried only when the kerberos
server is down.
Local authentication is tried only when the ldap
server is down.
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Definition
Authentication Type
NIS NIS
All authentication types but NIS follow the format
all.authtype <Authentication>DownLocal or
<Authentication> (e.g. all.authtype radius or
radiusDownLocal or ldap or ldapDownLocal, etc).
NIS requires all.authtype to be set as local, regardless
if it will be "nis" or its “Downlocal" equivalent.
To configure user/group authentication, perform the following steps:
1. From the top menu, select Ports; from the left menu, select Physical
Ports; from the form tab menu, select Access.
The system brings up the Access form:
2. Enter the user or the group name.
3. From the Type drop down list, select the authentication type.
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Entry Fields Based on Authentication Type
The user entry fields that are available from the Access form depend on the
authentication type that you select from the Type field.
Authentication: Radius
Field Name
Authorized Users/Groups
First Authentication Server
(Hostname)
Second Authentication Server
(Hostname)
First Accounting Server
(Hostname)
Second Accounting Server
(Hostname)
Secret
Timeout
Retries
Authentication: LDAP or LdapDownLocal
When you select LDAP, authentication is performed against an LDAP
database using an LDAP server. Selecting LdapDownLocal means that
authentication is tried only when the LDAP server is down.
Field Name
LDAP Server
LDAP Base Domain Name
Secure LDAP
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Authentication Type: NIS, LocalNIS or NISLocal (All ACS only)
Field Name
Authorized Users/Groups
NIS Domain Name
NIS Server IP
Authentication Type: Kerberos, KerberosDownLocal
Kerberos
The server performing the authentication.
KerberosDownLocal
Local authentication is tried only when the ker-
beros server is down.
Field Name
Authorized Users/Groups
Kerberos Server (Realm)
Kerberos Realm
Domain Name
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Ports > Physical Ports > Data Buffering
1. From the top menu, select Ports; from the left menu, select Physical
Ports; from the Physical Ports form, select the ports to modify; from the
resulting form, select the Data Buffering tab.
The system brings up the Data Buffering form. The form below shows
both checkboxes (Enable Data Buffering and Buffer to Syslog) selected
to reveal all the form fields:
2. Complete the necessary fields as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Destination
Select whether the destination of the data buffer is
Local or Remote.
Mode
Select whether the Buffering Mode is Linear
(sequential) or Circular (non-sequential).
Full Size (Bytes)
The maximum limit of the data buffer.
Record the timestamp...
Commands the system to include a timestamp in
the data buffering file.
Show Menu
Indicates the menu type for viewing the buffer.
Select from: Show all options, No, Show data
buffering file only, and Show without the erase
options.
Syslog Fields
Syslog Server
Facility Number
The IP address of the Syslog Server.
Facility or location ID of the Syslog Server.
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Definition
Field Name
Syslog Buffer Size
Maximum size of the buffer.
By selecting the appropriate radio button, you can configure ACS to:
•
•
Buffer Syslog at all times.
Buffer only when nobody is connected to the port.
To configure data buffering to send alarm notifications, use the
Notifications form (Expert Mode: Administration > Notifications).
3. When done, select the Apply Changes button located at the bottom of the
ACS configuration window.
Ports > Physical Ports > Multi-User
The Multi User form enables you to open more than one common and sniff
session (multiple sessions) from the same port.
If configured as No (i.e., do not allow multiple sessions), only two users can
connect to the same port simultaneously. If configured as Yes, more than two
simultaneous users can connect to the same serial port.
A Sniffer menu is presented to the user and they can choose to:
•
•
•
•
Open a sniff session
Open a read and/or write session
Cancel a connection
Send a message to other users connected to the same serial port.
If it is configured as RW, only read and/or write sessions will be opened, and
the sniffer menu won’t be presented.
If configured as “sniff_session” only, a sniff session will be opened, and the
sniffer menu won’t be presented. Default value: no.
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To configure ACS to allow multiple sessions:
1. Select Ports from the top menu bar; select Physical Ports from the left
menu panel.
The system brings up the Physical Ports list.
2. From the Physical Ports list, select the Port(s) you wish to modify (to
enable multiple sessions).
3. Select the Multi User tab from the resulting form.
The system invokes the Multi-User form:
4. Complete the form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Allow Multiple Sessions
Select from: No, Yes (show menu), Read/Write
(do not show menu), ReadOnly (do not show
menu).
Sniff Mode
Select from: Out, In, In/Out, and No.
The hotkey for accessing the menu.
Check box to notify users of session access.
Menu Hotkey
Notify Users
When multiple sessions are allowed for one port, ACS will accept only
one common session and one sniffer session. In this setting, the behavior
of the ACS is as follows:
•
•
The first user to connect to the port opens a common session.
From the second connection on, only Admin users are allowed to
connect to that port.
•
The ACS will send a hotkey menu to the administrator(s).
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Ports > Physical Ports > Power Management
The Power Management form of the Ports menu is used to enable power
management for the current port, add and delete power management ports,
and assign user and group access to these ports.
1. Select Ports from the top menu; select Physical Ports from the left
menu; select Power Management from the row of tabs.
The system brings up the Power Management form:
2. Complete the form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Enable Power
Check mark to enable Power Management on the
Management on this Port the selected port(s).
Power Management Port View listbox for the PM ports and the assigned
outlet numbers.
Power Management Key The key sequence which the allowed user(s) can
use to perform power management.
Allow All Users
Radio button to allow all users to perform power
management on this port.
Allow Users/Groups
Radio button to allow only selected users or
groups to perform power management on this
port.
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Field Name
Definition
Allowed Users/Groups
View List Box of Allowed Users or Groups.
Use the Delete or Add button to maintain this
listbox.
3. Select the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the ACS configuration
window to save your configuration.
Ports > Physical Ports > Other
The Other form is used to define less commonly used port settings such as
the Port IP Alias, STTY options, TCP keepalive intervals, enabling Windows
EMS, and the like.
1. Select Ports from the top menu; select Physical Ports from the left menu;
select Other from the row of tabs.
The system brings up the last tabbed form for Physical Ports:
2. From the above form, complete the following fields, as necessary:
Field Name
Definition
The IP alias of the selected port.
The TCP Port number.
As indicated.
Port IP Alias
TCP Port
Port Name
Windows EMS
Checkbox to enable Windows EMS (Expanded
Memory).
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Definition
Field Name
TCP Keep-alive Interval Specifies the time interval between the periodic
polling by the system to check client processes
and connectivity.
Idle Timeout
The maximum time (in seconds) that a session can
be idle before the user is logged off.
STTY Options
Break Interval
Login Banner
Set terminal options.
Break interval in milliseconds.
Text entry field box. Enter the text you wish to
appear as a login banner upon logging onto the
terminal.
Host to Connect
Terminal Type
Address of the host connected to the port.
As indicated.
Modem Initialization
PPP Options
Text entry field box.
Options when using this protocol.
Ports > Virtual Ports
You can use one AlterPath console server as a Master to control other
AlterPath console servers (slaves). The ports on the slave unit acts as an
extension of the master unit. The Virtual Ports form is used to add, edit or
delete these virtual ports or slaves.
1. From the top menu, select Ports; from the left menu, select Physical
Ports.
The system brings up the Virtual Ports (Slave) form.
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2. To add a new slave, select the Add button
- OR -
To edit a slave, select the slave you wish to edit from the Slave list.
The system brings up the New/Modify Port dialog box:
3. Complete the dialog box as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Choices are 1, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 48.
As indicated.
Number of Ports
First Local Port No.
Local IP
Local IP address.
First Local TCP Port No.
Remote IP
As indicated.
Remote IP address.
As indicated.
First Remote TCP Port No.
Protocol
Communication method between master
and slave (Telnet or SSH).
4. If you want to assign port names to the ports, select the Port Names
button.
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The system brings up the Port Names dialog box:
5. For each port to be named, enter the port name in the corresponding Port
Name field, and then select the Apply button.
6. Click on the Apply Changes button to save your configuration.
Deleting a Slave
1. To delete a slave from the list, select the unit to be deleted from the
Virtual Ports form, and then click Delete.
Ports > Ports Status
Show the status of each port. Information provided are: RS-232 signal status
and which users are connected to each port.
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Administration
Administration > System Information
System information provides information about the ACS version, CPU,
memory, including PCMCIA.
To view system information, select Administration from the top menu bar;
select System Information from the left menu panel.
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Administration > Notification
The Notification form is used to set up alarm notification to users through
email, pager or SNMP traps.
1. From the top menu bar, select Administration; from the left menu panel,
select Notifications.
The system invokes the Notifications form:
2. Complete the main form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Notification Alarm for
Data Buffering
Checkmark to enable notification alarms for data
buffering.
[unlabeled view table]
List of alarm types and triggers.
[unlabeled dropdown list]
Pull-down menu of notification methods (select:
Email, Pager, or SNMP Trap).
3. Select the Add button.
The system brings up the Notifications Entry dialog box. The type of
dialog box that appears will depend on the notification method that you
select from the Notifications form.
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Email Notification
If you selected Email as the notification method, the following dialog
box is used:
Field Name
Definition
Alarm Trigger
The trigger expression used to generate an alarm.
[untitled dropdown field]
To/From/Subject/Body
The email for the designated recipient of the alarm
notification.
SMTP Server IP
SMTP Port
The IP address of the SMTP server.
The port used by the SMTP server.
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Pager Notifications
If you selected Pager as the notification method, the following dialog box
is used:
Field Name
Definition
Alarm Trigger
The trigger expression used to generate an alarm.
[untitled dropdown field]
Pager Number
Text
The pager number of the notification recipient.
The text message for the pager.
SMS Server IP
SMS Port
The IP address of the SMS server.
The port used by the SMS server.
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4: Configuring the Web Interface
SNMP Trap Notification
SNMP traps are event notifications that are sent to a list of managers
configured to receive events for that managed system. The Traps provide
the value of one or more instances of management information.
Any SNMP enabled Device generates Fault Reports (Traps) that are
defined in the MIB (which the SNMP Agent has implemented).
The Trap Definition vary with the SNMP Version (which defines the
messaging format), but the information contained in these are essentially
identical. The major difference between the two message formats is in
identifying the events.
If you selected SNMP Trap as the notification method, the following
dialog box is used:
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Field Name
Definition
Alarm Trigger
The trigger expression used to generate an SNMP
trap.
[untitled dropdown field]
OID Type Value
The value that uniquely identifies an object to
the SNMP agent.
Trap Number
Community
Server IP
Body
The trap type defined in the MIB.
The password used to authenticate the traps
The address of the server running the SNMP.
The text or content of the notification.
4. After selecting and completing the Notification Entry dialog box, select
the OK button.
5. Select the Apply Changes button at the bottom of the ACS configuration
window to save your configuration.
Port DCD Alarm Notification
You can configure the Notification form to monitor the DCD signal such that
the system will generate an alarm in any of the following events:
•
•
•
A serial console cable is removed from the console server
A server/network equipment attached to the console is powered down.
The configuration also enables you to detect if a modem that is in use is
still powered on and active.
1. From the Notification form, select the Action (Email, SNMP Trap or
Pager).
2. Click the Add button.
3. Enter the Alarm Trigger: Port DCD
4. Configure the parameters of the action
5. Select Apply Changes
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Administration > Time / Date
The Time/Date form is used to enable ACS to work as an NTP client.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a standard for synchronizing your system
clock with the true time, defined as the average of many high-accuracy clocks
around the world. By default, NTP is disabled and you may enter the time and
date manually using the Time/Date form.
Manual Setting
To set the time and date manually (i.e., locally, without NTP), perform the
following steps:
1. Select Administration from the top menu bar, and then select Time/Date
from the left menu panel.
The system brings up the Time/Date form:
2. If you are not using NTP, complete the date and time fields by selecting
the appropriate numbers from the dropdown list boxes.
3. Click on the Apply Changes button to complete the procedure.
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NTP Setting
To set the time and date through NTP, perform the following steps:
1. From the Time/Date form, choose Enable from the Network Time
Protocol field.
2. Type in the address of the NTP server in the NTP Server field.
3. Click on the Apply Changes button.
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Administration > Boot Configuration
Boot configuration defines the settings for loading the operating system. In
the event that the ACS fails to boot successfully, you can use the Boot
Configuration form to change the boot settings.
The ACS can boot from its internal firmware or from the network. By default,
the unit boots from Flash. If you need to boot from the network, install one
TFTP or BOOTP server with the firmware to boot from, and then choose boot
from network and fill in the fields. You may skip Flash test and RAM test
for a faster boot.
1. From the top menu, select Administration; from the left menu, select
Boot Configuration.
The system brings up the Boot Configuration form:
2. Complete the fields as follows:
Field Name
Definition
IP Address assigned to
Ethernet
As indicated.
Watchdog Timer
Sets the Watchdog Timer to Active or Inactive.
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Field Name
Definition
Unit boot from
Specify whether to boot unit up from Flash or
from the Network.
Boot Type
Select from the following types of booting: bootp,
tftp, or both.
Boot File Name
Server’s IP Address
Console Speed
Flash Test
Filename of the boot program you want to use.
As indicated.
Select from: 4800 through 118200.
Select this to test boot from the Flash card. You
can Skip this test, or do a Full test.
RAM Test
Select this to test boot from RAM. You can Skip
this test, do a Quick test or a Full test.
Fast Ethernet
Select the appropriate Ethernet setting if you need
to change the Auto Negotiation (default value):
100BaseT Half-Duplex
100BaseT Full-Duplex
10BaseT Half-Duplex
10BaseT Full-Duplex
Fast Ethernet Max.
Interrupt Events
The maximum number of packets that the CPU
will handle.
3. Select Apply Changes to save your configuration to Flash.
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Administration > Backup Configuration
The Backup Configuration form allows you to:
•
•
Use a FTP server to save and retrieve your ACS configuration. For the
backup configuration to work, the FTP server must be on the same
subnet. Ensure that it is accessible from the ACS by pinging the FTP
server.
Use a storage device to save your configuration.
To save configuration to a FTP server
1. From the top menu, select Administration; from the left menu, select
Backup Configuration.
The system brings up the Backup Configuration form:
2. Complete the form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Type
Type of backup: FTP or Storage Device.
IP address of the FTP server.
Server IP
Path and Filename
Username
Path and filename of the FTP server.
Username of the person who is doing the backup.
Password associated with the Username.
Password
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Read the succeeding section, Backup and Restore Procedure, for a
more detailed explanation of the fields.
3. Select Save to FTP Server or Upload from FTP Server, as appropriate.
Backup and Restore Procedure
For backup purposes, you can give the configuration backup file a name
according to your company’s naming convention.
From the Backup Configuration form, fill in the fields with the server name
(i.e., the IP address of your workstation if you have just installed an FTP
server in it), Username and Password (for a valid username defined in your
FTP server), and the Path and Filename to which you have rights to access
and write. The Path and Filename field must contain the full path and the
filename that you will assign to the backup file.
Example:
To upload to the upload folder with the filename, AcsxxxxConfig040521,
type in the following in the Path and Filename field:
upload/AcsxxxxConfig040521
Always check the FTP server’s upload folder after you have selected the Save
to FTP Server button. Ensure that the file is there as some FTP servers do
not return error conditions, which can cause the AlterPath ACS to display a
“DONE” result even though the FTP did not store a copy.
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To Save Configuration to a Storage Device
For this feature to work, the RESTORECONF utility must be
modified to enable the system to read the configuration file from the
compact flash. Refer to the ACS Reference Guide for more details.
1. From the top menu, select Administration; from the left menu, select
Backup Configuration.
2. From the Type dropdown field of the Backup Configuration form, select
Storage Device.
The system displays the following form:
3. Complete the form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Default Configuration
The system uses the configuration in the storage
device but does not override the internal flash
configuration after reboot.
Replace Configuration The system saves the configuration in the storage
device with a flag REPLACE that is used by the
RESTORECONF utility.
4. Click on Save.
5. Click on Apply Changes.
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Administration > Upgrade Firmware
The Upgrade Firmware form allows you to upload the ACS firmware from
the Cyclades website to the ACS. To upgrade the ACS firmware, follow the
procedure below:
1. Select Administration from the top menu, and then select Upgrade
Firmware from the left menu.
The system brings up the Upgrade Firmware form:
2. Complete the form as follows:
Field Name
Definition
Type
The method of upload.
FTP Site
The address of the FTP site.
Username
Username of the person who is doing the upload.
Password associated with the Username.
The firmware file version.
Password
File Version
Run Checksum
Runs the checksum program to verify the
accuracy of the uploaded data.
3. Click on Upgrade Now.
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A: Hardware Specifications
AC:PHUardware Specifications MPC855T (PowerPC Dual-CPU)
Memory
128MB DIMM SDRAM / 16MB CompactFlash
Interfaces
1 Ethernet 10/100BT on RJ45
1 RS232 Console on RJ45
RS232 Serial Ports on RJ45
PCMCIA slots supporting: Secondary Ethernet, Wireless networking,
CDMA, GPRS, GSM, V.90 modems, ISDN
Power
Internal 100-240VAC, 50/60 Hz†
Optional Dual entry, redundant power supplies†
† -48VDC option available
Operating
Temperature
50°F to 112°F (10°C to 44°C)
Storage
Temperature
-40°F to 185°F (-40°C to 85°C)
5% to 90% non-condensating
Humidity
Dimensions
ACS1: 6.3 x 4.0 x 1.5 in (16 x 10 x 3.8 cm)
ACS 4-48: 17 x 8.5 x 1.75 in (43.18 x 21.59 x 4.45 cm)
Certification
FCC Part 15, A
EN55022, A (CE)
EN55024
UL 1950
Solaris Ready™
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Appendix A: Hardware Specifications
Supported PCMCIA Cards
Brand
Model
Firmware
10/100BT Ethernet
Linksys
Linksys
EtherFast 10/100 PC Card Model PCM100 v3
EtherFast 10/100 PC Card ver.3
2.1.0 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
D-Link
EtherFast 10/100 PC Card Model DFE-670TXD 2.1.6 or higher
Fiber Optic
Danpex
1300C FX100BT (AFC1300SC/ST models)
2.3.0 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
802.11b Wireless Ethernet
Linksys
WPC11 v.3
V.90 (56k) Modem
Xircom
Zoom
XM5600 56K PC Card Modem Adapter
Modem V.92 PC Card Plus Model 3075
2.1.5 or higher
2.1.0 or higher
ISDN
AVM Fritz!
Sedlbauer
Card PCMCIA
Sedlbauer ISDN card
2.1.1 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
GSM
Novatel Wireless1 Merlin G201
Sierra Wireless1 AirCard 750
2.1.4 or higher
2.1.4 or higher
Compact Flash2
Hama
Kingston
PQI
SanDisk
Aved
64MB CF Memory
128MB CF Memory
64MB CF Memory
64MB CF Memory
16MB CF Memory
Most other adapters and compact flash should
also work but have not been verified by Cyclades.
2.1.5 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
2.1.5 or higher
Other
1. WARNING: Consult with your local GSM service provider for coverage areas and support
of this card prior to using it with the AlterPath™ ACS or ACS1
2. In order to load a Compact Flash card on the AlterPath™ ACS or ACS1, use a PCMCIA
Compact Flash adapter.
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Appendix A: Hardware Specifications
IDE Hard Disk
Toshiba
MK5002MPL 5GB
2.1.5 or higher
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B: Safety Guidelines
B: Safety Guidelines
This appendix section lists the safety guidelines for:
•
•
RackMounting the ACS
Operating the ACS
Safety Guidelines for Rack-Mounting the ACS
The following considerations should be taken into account when rack-
mounting the AlterPath Console Server.
Temperature
The manufacturer's maximum recommended ambient temperature for the
AlterPath Console Server is 122 ºF (50 ºC).
Elevated Operating Ambient Temperature
If the ACS is installed in a closed or multi-unit rack assembly, the operating
ambient temperature of the rack environment may be greater than room
ambient temperature. Therefore, consideration should be given to installing
the equipment in an environment compatible with the manufacturer’s
maximum rated ambient temperature. See above.
Reduced Air Flow
Installation of the equipment in a rack should be such that the amount of air
flow required for safe operation of the equipment is not compromised.
Mechanical Loading
Mounting of the equipment in the rack should be such that a hazardous
condition is not achieved due to uneven mechanical loading.
Circuit Overloading
Consideration should be given to the connection of the equipment to the
supply circuit and the effect that overloading of circuits might have on
overcurrent protection and supply wiring. Appropriate consideration of
equipment nameplate ratings should be used when addressing this concern.
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Appendix B: Safety Guidelines
Reliable Earthing
Reliable earthing of rack-mounted equipment should be maintained.
Particular attention should be given to supply connections other than direct
connections to the branch circuit, such as power strips or extension cords.
Safety Precautions for Operating the ACS
Please read all the following safety guidelines to protect yourself and your
AlterPath Console Server.
DANGER!
Do not operate your ACS with the cover removed.
DANGER!
To avoid shorting out your ACS when disconnecting the network
cable, first unplug the cable from the Host Server, unplug external
power (if applicable), equipment and then unplug the cable from the
network jack. When reconnecting a network cable to the back
equipment, first plug the cable into the network jack, and then into the
Host Server equipment.
DANGER!
To help prevent electric shock, plug the ACS into a properly grounded
power source. The cable is equipped with a three-prong plug to help
ensure proper grounding. Do not use adapter plugs or remove the
grounding prong from the cable. If you have to use an extension cable,
use a three-wire cable with properly grounded plugs.
Important!
To help protect the ACS from electrical power fluctuations, use a surge
suppressor, line conditioner, or uninterruptible power supply.
Important!
Be sure that nothing rests on the cables of the ACS and that they are
not located where they can be stepped on or tripped over.
Important!
Do not spill food or liquids on the ACS.
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Appendix B: Safety Guidelines
DANGER!
Do not push any objects through the openings of the ACS. Doing so
can cause fire or electric shock by shorting out interior components.
Important!
Keep your ACS away from heat sources and do not block host’s
cooling vents.
Important!
The AlterPath Console Server product (DC version) is only intended
to be installed in restricted access areas (Dedicated Equipment Rooms,
Equipment Closets or the like) in accordance with Articles 110-18,
110-26 and 110-27 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 701,
1999 Edition.
Use 18 AWG or 0.75 mm2 or above cable to connect the DC
configured unit to the Centralized D.C. Power Systems.
Install the required double-pole, single-throw, DC rated UL Listed
circuit breaker between the power source and the AlterPath Console
Server DC version. Minimum Breaker Rating: 2A. Required
conductor size: 18 AWG.
Working inside the AlterPath Console Port Server
Do not attempt to service the AlterPath Console Server yourself, except when
following instructions from Cyclades Technical Support personnel. In the
latter case, first take the following precautions:
1. Turn the AlterPath Console Server off.
2. Ground yourself by touching an unpainted metal surface on the
back of the equipment before touching anything inside it.
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Appendix B: Safety Guidelines
Replacing the Battery
WARNING:
There is the danger of explosion if the battery is replaced incorrectly.
Replace the battery only with the same or equivalent type
recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries
according to the manufacturer's instructions.
WARNUNG:
Bei Einsetzen einer falschen Batterie besteht Explosionsgefahr.
Ersetzen Sie die Batterie nur durch den gleichen oder vom Hersteller
empfohlenen Batterietyp. Entsorgen Sie die benutzten Batterien nach
den Anweisungen des Herstellers.
FCC Warning Statement
The AlterPath Console Server has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the Installation & Service Manual,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user is required to correct the problem at his or
her own expense.
Notice About FCC Compliance for all AlterPath ACS Models
To comply with FCC standards, the AlterPath Console Server require the use
of a shielded CAT 5 cable for the Ethernet interface. Notice that this cable is
not supplied with either of the products and must be provided by the customer.
Canadian DOC Notice
The AlterPath Console Server does not exceed the Class A limits for radio
noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference
Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
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Appendix B: Safety Guidelines
L’AlterPath Console Server n’émete pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant
les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la classe A prescrites dans
le règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique edicté par le Ministère des
Communications du Canada.
Aviso de Precaución S-Mark Argentina
Por favor de leer todos los avisos de precaución como medida preventiva para
el operador y el AlterPath Console Server.
¡Peligro! No hacer funcionar el AlterPath Console Server con la tapa
abierta.
¡Peligro! Para prevenir un corto circuito en el AlterPath Console
Server al desconectarlo de la red, primero desconectar el cable del
equipo y luego el cable que conecta a la red. Para conectar el equipo a
la red, primero conectar el cable a la red y luego al equipo.
¡Peligro! Asegurarse que el equipo este conectado a tierra, para
prevenir un shock eléctrico. El cable eléctrico del equipo viene con
tres clavijas para conectar asegurar conexión a tierra. No use
adaptadores o quite la clavija de tierra. Si se tiene que utilizar una
extensión, utilice una que tenga tres cables con clavija para conexión a
tierra.
¡Importante! Para proteger al AlterPath Console Server de
fluctuaciones en corriente eléctrica, utilice una fuente eléctrica de
respaldo.
¡Importante! Asegurarse de que nada descanse sobre los cables del
AlterPath Console Server, y que los cables no obstruyan el paso.
¡Importante! Asegurarse de no dejar caer alimentos o bebidas en el
AlterPath Console Server. Si esto ocurre, avise a Cyclades
Corporation.
¡Peligro! No empuje ningún tipo de objeto en los compartimientos del
AlterPath Console Server. Hacer esto podría ocasionar un incendio o
causar un corto circuito dentro del equipo.
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Appendix B: Safety Guidelines
¡Importante! Mantenga el AlterPath Console Server Cyclades-TS
fuera del alcancé de calentadores, y asegurarse de no tapar la
ventilación del equipo.
¡Importante! El AlterPath Console Server con alimentación de
corriente directa (CD) solo debe ser instalado en áreas con restricción
y de acuerdo a los artículos 110-18, 110-26, y 110-27 del National
Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 701, Edición 1999.
Para conectar la corriente directa (CD) al sistema, utilice cable de 0.75 mm
(18 AWG).
Instalar el interruptor corriente directa (CD) aprobado por UL entre la fuente
de alimentación y el AlterPath Console Server. El limite mínimo del
interruptor deberá ser 2 amperes, con conductor de 0.75 mm (18 AWG).
Trabajar dentro del AlterPath Console Server
No intente dar servicio al AlterPath Console Server, solo que este bajo la
dirección de Soporte Técnico de Cyclades. Si este es el caso, tome las
siguientes precauciones:
Apague el AlterPath Console Server. Asegurase que este tocando tierra antes
de tocar cualquier otra cosa, que puede ser al tocar la parte trasera del equipo.
Batería
¡Peligro! Una batería nueva puede explotar, si no esta instalada
correctamente. Remplace la batería cuando sea necesario solo con el
mismo tipo recomendado por el fabricante de la batería. Deshacerse de
la batería de acuerdo a las instrucciones del fabricante de la batería.
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C: Supported Browsers and JRE
C: Supported Browsers and JRE
Supported Web Browsers
The web browsers that support the AlterPath Console Server web interface
are as follows:
•
•
•
Netscape 7.1 for Windows
Mozilla 1.3a for Windows
MS Internet Explorer 6.0
Browsers that do not support the ACS web interface:
•
•
Netscape Communicator 4.8
Netscape Communicator 4.79
Installing JRE
Tested Environment
Windows XP + JREv1.4.2.
Internet Explorer 6.0
Netscape 6.0 - 6.2.3
Netscape 7.0 - 7.1
Successful
Successful
Successful
Successful
Mozilla 1.1 - 1.3a
Requirements
For the ACS application to run, you must have Java 2 Runtime Environment
(JRE) version 1.4.2. (which can be found at http://java.sun.com/) installed on
your PC with your browser acknowledged to use it. You can first check if the
browser you are using acknowledges the Java version by following the
procedures given in the next sections.
From Windows Internet Explorer
Go to Tools > Internet Options > Advanced. Scroll down and look for a
section on Java. There should be a checkbox that says “Use Java 2 v1.4.2...."
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If there isn't, this could either mean your browser is not activated to use the
Java plug-in that came with the JRE you have installed or it just means that
you don't have any JRE installed, in which case please install and repeat the
check.
If you have already installed JRE and you just want to activate your browser
to use it, go to your system's Control Panel > Java Plug-in icon > Browser >
check on the browser(s) you want to activate to use the Java Plug-in. Now
repeat the check to see if your browser will now use the correct Java Plug-in.
From Windows Netscape or Mozilla
Check to see if Java is enabled. Go to Edit > Preferences > Advanced > Check
on Enable Java. To see what version of JRE Plug-in is used, go to Help >
About Plug-ins. Scroll down to Java Plug-in section. Check if the Java Plug-in
is the version you have installed.
TIP: When installing Netscape 7.0, it will ask if you want to install Sun Java.
If you click on the box to install it, a version of JRE will be installed
into your system; however, this does not mean that other browsers such
as IE will recognize it. If you choose not to install Sun Java through
Netscape but do it separately, Netscape 7.0 should automatically detect
the JRE, and this can be checked by the instructions mentioned above.
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Glossary
Glossary
Authentication
The process by which a user’s identity is checked within the
network to ensure that the user has access to the requested
resources.
Basic In/Out System
(BIOS)
Chips on the motherboard of a computer contain read only
memory instructions that are used to start up a computer. The
operating system of a PC also makes use of BIOS
instructions and settings to access hardware components such
as a disk drive. Some BIOS/CMOS settings can be set to scan
for viruses, causing problems for some installation programs.
Baud Rate
The baud rate is a measure of the number of symbols
(characters) transmitted per unit of time. Each symbol will
normally consist of a number of bits, so the baud rate will
only be the same as the bit rate when there is one bit per
symbol. The term originated as a measure for the
transmission of telegraph characters. It has little application
today except in terms of modem operation. It is
recommended that all data rates are referred to in bps, rather
than baud (which is easy to misunderstand). Additionally,
baud rate cannot be equated to bandwidth unless the number
of bits per symbol is known.
Boot
To start a computer so that it is ready to run programs for the
user. A PC can be booted either by turning its power on,
(Cold Boot) or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del (Warm Boot).
Break Signal
A break signal is generated in an RS-232 serial line by
keeping the line in zero for longer than a character time.
Breaks at a serial console port are interpreted by Sun servers
as a signal to suspend operation and switch to monitor mode.
Checksum
A computed value which depends on the contents of a block
of data and which is transmitted or stored along with the data
in order to detect corruption of the data. The receiving system
recomputes the checksum based upon the received data and
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Glossary
compares this value with the one sent with the data. If the two
values are the same, the receiver has some confidence that the
data was received correctly.
Cluster
A cluster is a group of one or more computers working as a
group to execute a certain task. From the user standpoint, a
cluster acts as a large computer system.
Console Access Server
(CAS)
A CAS has an Ethernet LAN connection and many RS-232
serial ports. It connects to the console ports of servers and
networking equipment and allows convenient and secure
access from a single location.
Community
The community name acts as a password and is used to
authenticate messages sent between an SNMP client and a
router containing an SNMP server. The community name is
sent in every packet between the client and the server.
Console
Terminal used to configure network devices at boot (start-up)
time. Also used to refer to the keyboard, video and mouse
user interface to a server.
Console Port
DHCP
Most of the equipment in a data center (servers, routers,
switches, UPS, PBX, etc.) has a serial console port for out-of-
band management purposes.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol for
automatic TCP/IP configuration that provides static and
dynamic address allocation and management.
DHCP enables individual computers on an IP network to
extract their configurations from a server (the 'DHCP server')
or servers, in particular, servers that have no exact
information about the individual computers until they request
the information. The overall purpose of this is to reduce the
work necessary to administer a large IP network. The most
significant piece of information distributed in this manner is
the IP address.
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Glossary
DNS Server
Domain Name Server. The computer you use to access the
DNS to allow you to contact other computers on the Internet.
The server keeps a database of host computers and their IP
addresses.
Domain Name
The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain
Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. The
part on the left is the most specific, and the part on the right is
the most general. A given machine may have more than one
Domain Name but a given Domain Name points to only one
machine. For example, the domain names: matisse.net,
mail.matisse.net, workshop.matisse.net can all refer to the
same machine, but each domain name can refer to no more
than one machine. Usually, all of the machines on a given
Network will have the same thing as the right-hand portion of
their Domain Names (matisse.net in the examples above). It
is also possible for a Domain Name to exist but not be
connected to an actual machine. This is often done so that a
group or business can have an Internet e-mail address
without having to establish a real Internet site. In these cases,
some real Internet machine must handle the mail on behalf of
the listed Domain Name.
Escape Sequence
A sequence of special characters that sends a command to a
device or program. Typically, an escape sequence begins with
an escape character, but this is not universally true.
An escape sequence is commonly used when the computer
and the peripheral have only a single channel in which to
send information back and forth. If the device in question is
"dumb" and can only do one thing with the information being
sent to it (for instance, print it) then there is no need for an
escape sequence. However most devices have more than one
capability, and thus need some way to tell data from
commands.
Ethernet
A LAN cable-and-access protocol that uses twisted-pair or
coaxial cables and CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Detection), a method for sharing
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devices over a common medium. Ethernet runs at 10 Mbps;
Fast Ethernet runs at 100 Mbps. Ethernet is the most common
type of LAN.
Flash
Flash refers to a type of memory that can be erased and
reprogrammed in units of memory known as blocks rather
than one byte at a time; thus, making updating to memory
easier.
Flow Control
A method of controlling the amount of data that two devices
exchange. In data communications, flow control prevents one
modem from "flooding" the other with data. If data comes in
faster than it can be processed, the receiving side stores the
data in a buffer. When the buffer is nearly full, the receiving
side signals the sending side to stop until the buffer has space
again. Between hardware (such as your modem and your
computer), hardware flow control is used; between modems,
software flow control is used.
Hot-Swap
ICMP
Ability to remove and add hardware to a computer system
without powering off the system.
Internet Control Message Protocol is an Internet protocol
sent in response to errors in TCP/IP messages. It is an error
reporting protocol between a host and a gateway. ICMP uses
Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams (or packets), but the
messages are processed by the IP software and are not
directly apparent to the application user.
In-band Network
Management
In a computer network, when the management data is
accessed using the same network that carries the data, this is
called “in-band management.”
IP Address
A 32-bit address assigned to hosts using TCP/IP. It belongs to
one of five classes (A-E) and is expressed as 4 octets
separated by periods formatted as dotted decimals.
Each address has a network number, an optional sub network
number and a host number. The first two numbers are used
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for routing, while the host number addresses an individual
host within the network or sub network. A subnet mask is
used to extract network and sub network information from
the IP address.
IP packet filtering
This is a set of facilities in network equipment that allows the
filtering of data packets based on source/destination
addresses, protocol, TCP port number and other parameters.
Packet filtering is one of the main functions of a firewall.
IPsec
Short for IP Security Protocol, IPsec is an extended IP
protocol that provides encrypted security services. These
services enable authentication, as well as for access and
trustwothiness control. IPsec provides similar services as
SSL, but it works on a network layer. Through IPsec you can
create encrypted tunnels (VPN) or encrypt traffic between
two hosts.
ISDN
A set of communications standards allowing a single wire or
optical fibre to carry voice, digital network services and
video. ISDN is intended to eventually replace the plain old
telephone system.
Kerberos
Kerberos was created by MIT as a solution to network
security problems. The Kerberos protocol uses strong
cryptography so that a client can prove its identity to a server
(and vice versa) across an insecure network connection.
After a client and server has used Kerberos to prove their
identity, they can also encrypt all of their communications to
assure privacy and data integrity as they go about their
business.
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. A software protocol
for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and
other resources such as files and devices in a network,
whether on the Internet or on a corporate intranet.
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LDAP is a "lightweight" (smaller amount of code) version of
DAP (Directory Access Protocol), which is part of X.500, a
standard for directory services in a network.
MAC
Medium Access Control. Internationally unique hardware
identification address that is assigned to the NIC (Network
Interface Card) which interfaces the node to the LAN.
Masquerading
MTU
Where a system acts on behalf of other systems, such as when
an ISP server accesses network services on behalf of a dial-up
user.
Short for Maximum Transmission Unit, the largest physical
packet size, measured in bytes, that a network can transmit.
Any messages larger than the MTU are divided into smaller
packets before being sent.
Every network has a different MTU, which is set by the
network administrator. On Windows, you can set the MTU of
your machine. This defines the maximum size of the packets
sent from your computer onto the network. Ideally, you want
the MTU to be the same as the smallest MTU of all the
networks between your machine and a message's final
destination. Otherwise, if your messages are larger than one
of the intervening MTUs, they will get broken up
(fragmented), which slows down transmission speeds.
Trial and error is the only sure way of finding the optimal
MTU, but there are some guidelines that can help. For
example, the MTU of many PPP connections is 576, so if you
connect to the Internet via PPP, you might want to set your
machine's MTU to 576 too. Most Ethernet networks, on the
other hand, have an MTU of 1500.
Network Mask
A 32-bit number used to group IP addresses together or to
indicate the range of IP addresses on a single IP network/
subnet/supernet. There is a group of addresses assigned to
each network segment. For example, the mask 255.255.255.0
groups together 254 IP addresses. If we have, as another
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example, a sub-network 192.168.16.64 with mask
255.255.255.224, the addresses we may assign to computers
on the sub-network are 192.168.16.65 to 192.168.16.94, with
a broadcast address of 192.168.16.95.
A number used by software to separate the local subnet
address from the rest of a given Internet protocol address
Network masks divide IP addresses into two parts (network
address and address of a particular host within the network).
Mask have the same form as IP addresses (i.e.
255.255.255.0), however, its value is needed to be
understood as a 32-bit number with certain number of ones
on the left end and zeros as the rest. The mask cannot have an
arbitrary value. The primary function of a subnet mask is to
define the number of IP hosts that participate in an IP subnet.
Computers in the same IP subnet should not require a router
for network communication.
NFS
NTP
Network File System is a protocol suite developed and
licensed by Sun Microsystems that allows different makes of
computers running different
operating systems to share files and disk storage. NFS is
implemented using a connectionless protocol (UDP) in order
to make it stateless.
Network Time Protocol. A standard for synchronizing your
system clock with the ``true time'', defined as the average of
many high-accuracy clocks around the world.
Object Identifiers (OID) The SNMP manager or the management application uses a
well-defined naming syntax to specify the variables to the
SNMP agent. Object names in this syntax are called Object
Identifiers (Object IDs or OIDs). OIDs are series of numbers
that uniquely identify an object to an SNMP agent. OIDs are
arranged in a hierarchical, inverted tree structure.
The OID tree begins with the root and expands into branches.
Each point in the OID tree is called a node and each node will
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have one or more branches, or will terminate with a leaf
node. The format of OID is a sequence of numbers with dots
in between.
There are two roots for Object Identifiers, namely iso and
ccit. iso starts with .1 and ccit starts with .0. Most Object
Identifiers start with .1.3.6.1, where 1=iso, 3=org, 6= dod,
1 = internet. The Internet sub-tree branches into mgmt and
private.
To understand the concept of relative and absolute Object
Identifiers, let us consider the AdventNet Object Identifier
.1.3.6.1.4.1.2162. It specifies the path from the root of the
tree. The root does not have a name or a number but the
initial 1 in this OID is directly below root. This is called an
absolute OID. However, a path to the variable may be
specified relative to some node in the OID tree. For example,
2.1.1.7 specifies the sysContact object in the system group,
relative to the Internet (.1.3.6.1) node in the OID tree. This is
called a relative OID.
Off-Line Data Buffering This is a CAS feature that allows capture of console data even
when there is no one connected to the port.
OID
See Object Identifier.
Packet
A packet is a basic communication data unit used when
transmitting information from one computer to another. The
maximum length of a packet depends on the communication
medium. As an example, in Ethernet networks the maximum
length is1500 bytes. A data packet can be divided into two
parts: the header part and the data part. The header contains
information needed for communication between nodes; the
data is the body of the packet that is ultimately received by
the application.
Parity
In serial communications, the parity bit is used in a simple
error detection algorithm. As a stream of data bits is formed,
an extra bit, called the parity bit, is added. This bit is set on
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(1) or off (0), depending on the serial communications
parameters set in the UART chip.
The following lists the available parity parameters and their
meanings:
Odd - Parity bit set so that there is an odd number of 1 bits
Even - Parity bit set so that there is an even number of 1 bits
None - Parity bit is ignored, value is indeterminate
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association.
An organization consisting of some 500 companies that has
developed a standard for small, credit card-sized devices,
called PC Cards. Originally designed for adding memory to
portable computers, the PCMCIA standard has been
expanded several times and is now suitable for many types of
devices including network cards (NICs).
The PCMCIA 2.1 Standard was published in 1993. As a
result, PC users can be assured of standard attachments for
any peripheral device that follows the standard.
Port
A port is a 16-bit number (the allowed range being 1 through
65535) used by the TCP and UDP protocols at the transport
layer. Ports are used to address applications (services) that
run on a computer. If there was only a single network
application running on the computer, there would be no need
for port numbers and the IP address only would suffice for
addressing services. However, several applications may run
at once on a particular computer and we need to differentiate
among them. This is what port numbers are used for. Thus, a
port number may be seen as an address of an application
within the computer.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol. This protocol is a way to connect
your computer to the Internet over telephone lines. PPP is
replacing an older protocol, SLIP, as it is more stable and has
more error-checking features.
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PPP has been a widely-used Internet standard for sending
datagrams over a communications link. The PPP standard is
described in RFC 1661 by the Point-to-Point Working Group
of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). PPP is
commonly used when remote computers call an Internet
service provider (ISP) or a corporate server that is configured
to receive incoming calls.
Profile
Usage setup of the ACS either as a Console Access Server
(CAS), a Terminal Server, or a Remote Access Server.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service is a client/server
protocol and software that enables remote access servers to
communicate with a central server to authenticate dial-in
users and authorize their access to the requested system or
service. RADIUS allows a company to maintain user profiles
in a central database that all remote servers can share.
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computer. This describes a computer
processor architecture that uses a reduced set of instructions
(and achieves performance by executing those instructions
very fast.) Most UNIX servers (Sun Sparc, HP, IBM RS6000,
Compaq Alpha) were designed with a processor using a
RISC architecture. The Intel ® x86 architecture.
Root Access
Root is the term for a very highly privileged administrative
user (particularly in unix environments). When an ISP grants
you root access, it means you will have full control of the
server. With full control, you will be able to install any
software and access any file on that server.
Routing Table
The Routing Table defines which interface should transmit an
IP packet based on destination IP information.
Secure Shell (SSH)
SSH has the same functionality as Telnet (see definition for
Telnet), but adds security by encrypting data before sending
it through the network.
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Server Farm
SMTP
A collection of servers running in the same location (see
Cluster).
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Specifies the format of
messages that an SMTP client on one computer can use to
send electronic mail to an SMTP server on another computer.
SNMP
Short for Simple Network Management Protocol, a set of
protocols for managing complex networks. The first versions
of SNMP were developed in the early 80s. SNMP works by
sending messages, called protocol data units (PDUs), to
different parts of a network.
SNMP-compliant devices, called agents, store data about
themselves in Management Information Bases (MIBs) and
return this data to the SNMP requesters.
(Source: Webopedia)
SNMP Traps
Notifications or Event Reports are occurrences of Events in a
Managed system, sent to a list of managers configured to
receive Events for that managed system. These Event
Reports are called Traps in SNMP. The Traps provide the
value of one or more instances of management information.
Any SNMP enabled Device generates Fault Reports (Traps)
that are defined in the MIB (which the SNMP Agent has
implemented).
The Trap Definition vary with the SNMP Version (which
defines the messaging format), but the information contained
in these are essentially identical. The major difference
between the two message formats is in identifying the events.
Stop Bit
A bit which signals the end of a unit of transmission on a
serial line.A stop bit may be transmitted after the end of each
byte or character.
Subnet Mask
A bit mask used to select bits from an Internet address for
subnet addressing. Also known as Address Mask.
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SSH (Secure Shell)
A protocol which permits secure remote access over a
network from one computer to another. SSH negotiates and
establishes an encrypted connection between an SSH client
and an SSH server.
STTY
Set the options for a terminal device interface.
This command prints information about your terminal
settings. The information printed is the same as if you had
typed stty while interacting with a shell.
The stty utility sets or reports on terminal I/O characteristics
for the device that is its standard input. Without options or
operands specified, it reports the settings of certain
characteristics, usually those that differ from implementation-
dependent defaults. Otherwise, it modifies the terminal state
according to the specified operands.
TACACS
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System.
Authentication protocol, developed by the DDN community,
that provides remote access authentication and related
services, such as event logging. User passwords are
administered in a central database rather than in individual
routers, providing an easily scalable network security
solution.
TACACS+
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus. A
protocol that provides remote access authentication,
authorization, and related accounting and logging services,
used by Cisco Systems.
TCP Keep-Alive Interval The time interval between the periodic polling of all inactive
TCP/IP connections, checking that the client processes really
are still there. After a certain period of inactivity on an
established connection, the server's TCP/IP software will
begin to send test packets to the client, which must be
acknowledged. After a preset number of 'probe' packets has
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been ignored by the client, the server assumes the worst and
the connection is closed.
The keepalive timer provides the capability to know if the
client's host has either crashed and is down or crashed and
rebooted.
Telnet
A terminal emulation program for TCP/IP networks such as
the Internet. The Telnet program runs on your computer and
connects your PC to a server on the network. You can then
enter commands through the Telnet program and they will be
executed as if you were entering them directly on the server
console
Terminal Server
A terminal server has one Ethernet LAN port and many
RS-232 serial ports. It is used to connect many terminals to
the network. Because they have the same physical interfaces,
terminal servers are sometimes used as console access
servers.
TTY
1. In Unix, refers to any terminal; sometimes used to refer to
the particular terminal controlling a given job (it is also the
name of a Unix command which outputs the name of the
current controlling terminal). 2. Also in Unix, any serial port,
whether or not the device connected to it is a terminal; so
called because under Unix such devices have names of the
form tty.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol uses a special type of packet called
a datagram. Datagrams do not require a response; they are
one way only (connectionless). Datagrams are usually used
for streaming media because an occasional packet loss will
not affect the final product of the transmission.
U Rack Height Unit
A standard computer rack has an internal width of 17 inches.
Rack space on a standard rack is measured in units of height
(U). One U is 1.75 inches. A device that has a height of 3.5
inches takes 2U of rack space.
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VPN
Virtual Private Networking allows local area networks to
communicate across wide area networks, typically over an
encrypted channel. See also: IPsec.
Watchdog Timer
A watchdog timer (WDT) is a device or electronic card that
performs a specific operation after a certain period of time if
something goes wrong with an electronic system and the
system does not recover on its own.
A common problem is for a machine or operating system to
lock up if two parts or programs conflict, or, in an operating
system, if memory management trouble occurs. In some
cases, the system will eventually recover on its own, but this
may take an unknown and perhaps extended length of time.
A watchdog timer can be programmed to perform a warm
boot (restarting the system) after a certain number of seconds
during which a program or computer fails to respond
following the most recent mouse click or keyboard action.
The timer can also be used for other purposes, for example, to
actuate the refresh (or reload) button in a Web browser if a
Web site does not fully load after a certain length of time
following the entry of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
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