C H A P T E R
2
Preparing to Install the Cisco Unified IP Phone on
Your Network
Cisco Unified IP Phones enable you to communicate using voice over a data network. To provide this
capability, the IP Phones depend upon and interact with several other key Cisco Unified IP Telephony
and network components, including Cisco Unified Communications Manager, DNS and DHCP servers,
TFTP servers, media resources, Cisco prestandard PoE, and so on.
This chapter focuses on the interactions between the Cisco Unified IP Phones 7975G, 7971G-GE,
7970G, 7965G, and 7945G and Cisco Unified Communications Manager, DNS and DHCP servers,
TFTP servers, and switches. It also describes options for powering phones.
For related information about voice and IP communications, refer to this URL:
This chapter provides an overview of the interaction between the Cisco Unified IP Phone and other key
components of the Voice over IP (VoIP) network. It includes these topics:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Understanding Interactions with Other Cisco Unified IP Communications Products
Understanding How the Cisco Unified IP Phone Interacts with the VLAN
The Cisco Unified IP Phones 7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and 7945G have an internal Ethernet
switch, enabling forwarding of packets to the phone, and to the access port and the network port on the
back of the phone.
If a computer is connected to the access port, the computer and the phone share the same physical link
to the switch and share the same port on the switch. This shared physical link has the following
implications for the VLAN configuration on the network:
•
The current VLANs might be configured on an IP subnet basis. However, additional IP address
might not be available to assign the phone to the same subnet as other devices connect to the same
port
•
•
Data traffic present on the data/native VLAN may reduce the quality of Voice-over-IP traffic
Network security may indicate a need to isolate the VLAN voice traffic from the VLAN data traffic
You can resolve these issues by isolating the voice traffic onto a separate VLAN. The switch port that
the phone is connected to would be configured to have separate VLANs for carrying:
•
Voice traffic to and from the IP phone (auxiliary VLAN, on the Cisco Catalyst 6000 series, for
example)
•
Data traffic to and from the PC connected to the switch through the access port of the IP phone
(native VLAN)
Isolating the phones on a separate, auxiliary VLAN improves the quality of the voice traffic and allows
a large number of phones to be added to an existing network where there are not enough IP addresses
for each phone.
For more information, refer to the documentation included with a Cisco switch. You can also access
related documentation at this URL:
Related Topics
•
•
Network Configuration Menu, page 4-5
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Providing Power to the Phone
Providing Power to the Phone
Cisco Unified IP Phone 7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and 7945G can be powered with external
power or with Power over Ethernet (PoE). External power is provided through a separate power supply.
PoE is provided by a switch through the Ethernet cable attached to a phone.
Note
When you install a phone that is powered with external power, connect the power supply to the phone
and to a power outlet before you connect the Ethernet cable to the phone. When you remove a phone that
is powered with external power, disconnect the Ethernet cable from the phone before you disconnect the
power supply.
The following sections provide more information about powering a phone:
•
•
•
•
Power Guidelines
Table 2-1 provides guidelines that apply to external power and to PoE power for Cisco Unified IP Phone
7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and 7945G.
Table 2-1
Guidelines for Powering the Cisco Unified IP Phone 7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and 7945G
Power Type
Guidelines
External power— Provided
The Cisco Unified IP Phone 7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and 7945G use the
through the CP-PWR-CUBE-3 CP-PWR-CUBE-3 power supply.
external power supply
External power—
Provided through the Cisco
The Cisco Unified IP Phone Power Injector may be used with any Cisco Unified IP Phone.
Functioning as a midspan device, the injector delivers inline power to the attached phone.
Unified IP Phone Power Injector The Cisco Unified IP Phone Power Injector is connected between a switch port and the
IP Phone, and supports a maximum cable length of 100m between the unpowered switch
and the IP Phone.
PoE power—Provided by a
switch through the Ethernet
cable attached to the phone
•
•
•
•
The Cisco Unified IP Unified IP Phones 7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and
7945G support IEEE 802.3af Class 3 power on signal pairs and spare pairs.
The Cisco Unified IP Unified IP Phones 7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and
7945G do not support Cisco inline PoE.
To ensure uninterruptible operation of the phone, make sure that the switch has a
backup power supply.
Make sure that the CatOS or IOS version running on your switch supports your
intended phone deployment. Refer to the documentation for your switch for operating
system version information.
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Providing Power to the Phone
Phone Power Consumption and Display Brightness
The power consumed by a phone depends on its power configuration. See Table 2-1 for a power
configuration overview. See Table 2-2 for the maximum power consumed by a phone for each
configuration option and the correlating phone screen brightness level.
Note
Power consumption values shown in the table include power losses in the cable that connects the phone
to the switch.
Table 2-2
Power Consumption and Display Brightness for Power Configurations
Max. Power
Consumed from a Phone Screen
Phone Model
Power Configuration
Switch
Brightness
Cisco Unified
IP Phone 7975G,
7965G, 7945G
IEEE 802.3af Class 3 power from a Cisco switch, with bidirectional 12 W
power negotiation enabled
Full
External power
—
Full
Cisco Unified
IP Phone
7971G-GE
IEEE 802.3af Class 3 power from a Cisco switch (with or without 15.4 W
bidirectional power negotiation enabled) or from a third-party
switch
Near full
External power
—
Full
Cisco Unified
IP Phone 7970G
Cisco prestandard PoE from a switch that supports a maximum of 7 6.3 W
W power per port, with bidirectional power negotiation enabled
Approx. 1/2
Cisco prestandard PoE from a Cisco Switch that supports 7 W or
15.4 W power per port, without bidirectional power negotiation
6.3 W
6.3 W
6.3 W
Approx. 1/2
Approx. 1/2
IEEE 802.3af Class 3 power from a Cisco switch, without
bidirectional power negotiation
IEEE 802.3af Class 3 power from a third-party switch
Approx. 1/2
Full1
IEEE 802.3af Class 3 power from a Cisco switch, with bidirectional 10.25 W
power negotiation enabled
Cisco prestandard PoE from a Cisco Switch that supports 15.4 W 10.25 W
power per port, with bidirectional power negotiation enabled
Full
Full
External power
—
1. Starts at approximately 1/2 brightness, changes to full brightness when the phone negotiates additional power.
Note
When a phone is powered with a method that does not support full brightness for the phone screen, the
phone Brightness control (Settings > User Preferences > Brightness) does not allow you to set the
brightness to the maximum value.
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Providing Power to the Phone
Power Outage
Your accessibility to emergency service through the phone is dependent on the phone being powered. If
there is an interruption in the power supply, Service and Emergency Calling Service dialing will not
function until power is restored. In the case of a power failure or disruption, you may need to reset or
reconfigure equipment before using the Service or Emergency Calling Service dialing.
Obtaining Additional Information about Power
For related information about power, refer to the documents shown in Table 2-3. These documents
provide information about these topics:
•
Cisco switches that work with the Cisco Unified IP Phones 7975G, 7971G-GE, 7970G, 7965G, and
7945G
•
•
The Cisco IOS releases that support bidirectional power negotiation
Other requirements and restrictions regarding power
Table 2-3
Related Documentation for Power
Document Topics
URL
Cisco Unified IP Phone
Power Injector
PoE Solutions
Cisco Catalyst Switches
Cisco IOS Software
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Understanding Phone Configuration Files
Understanding Phone Configuration Files
Configuration files for a phone are stored on the TFTP server and define parameters for connecting to
Cisco Unified Communications Manager. In general, any time you make a change in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager that requires the phone to be reset, a change is automatically made
to the phone’s configuration file.
Configuration files also contain information about which image load the phone should be running. If this
image load differs from the one that is currently loaded on a phone, the phone contacts the TFTP server
to request the required load files. (These files are digitally signed to ensure the authenticity of the file
source.)
In addition, if the device security mode in the configuration file is set to Authenticated and the CTL file
on the phone has a valid certificate for Cisco Unified Communications Manager, the phone establishes
a TLS connection to Cisco Unified Communications Manager. Otherwise, the phone establishes a TCP
connection. For SIP phones, a TLS connection requires that the transport protocol in the phone
configuration file be set to TLS, which corresponds to the transport type in the SIP Security Profile in
Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Note
Note
If the device security mode in the configuration file is set to Authenticated or Encrypted, but the phone
has not received a CTL or ITL file, the phone tries four times to obtain it so it can register securely.
Cisco Extension Mobility Cross Cluster is an exception, in that the phone permits a TLS connection to
Cisco Unified Communications Manager for secure signaling even without the CTL file.
If you configure security-related settings in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration,
the phone configuration file will contain sensitive information. To ensure the privacy of a configuration
file, you must configure it for encryption. For detailed information, refer to Configuring Encrypted
A phone accesses a default configuration file named XmlDefault.cnf.xml only when the phone has not
received a valid Trust List file containing a certificate assigned to the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager and TFTP.
If auto registration is not enabled and you did not add the phone to the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database, the phone does not attempt to register with Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
The phone continually displays the “Configuring IP” message until you either enable auto-registration
or add the phone to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
If the phone has registered before, the phone accesses the configuration file named
SEPmac_address.cnf.xml, where mac_address is the MAC address of the phone.
For SIP phones, the TFTP server generates these SIP configuration files:
•
SIP IP Phone:
–
–
–
For unsigned and unencrypted files—SEP<mac>.cnf.xml
For signed files—SEP<mac>.cnf.xml.sgn
For signed and encrypted files—SEP<mac>.cnf.xml.enc.sgn
•
•
Dial Plan—<dialplan>.xml
Softkey Template—<softkey_template>.xml
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Understanding Phone Configuration Files
The filenames are derived from the MAC Address and Description fields in the Phone Configuration
window of Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. The MAC address uniquely
identifies the phone. For more information refer to Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Administration Guide.
For more information about how the phone interacts with the TFTP server, refer to Cisco Unified
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process
Understanding the Phone Startup Process
When connecting to the VoIP network, the Cisco Unified IP Phone goes through a standard startup
process, as described in Table 2-4. Depending on your specific network configuration, not all of these
process steps may occur on your Cisco Unified IP Phone.
Table 2-4
Cisco Unified IP Phone Startup Process
Task
1.
Purpose
Obtaining Power from the Switch.
Related Topics
If a phone is not using external power, the switch provides See Resolving Startup Problems, page 9-1.
in-line power through the Ethernet cable that is attached to
the phone.
2.
3.
Loading the StoredPhone Image.
See Resolving Startup Problems, page 9-1.
The Cisco Unified IP Phone has non-volatile flash memory
in which it stores firmware images and user-defined
preferences. At startup, the phone runs a bootstrap loader
that loads a phone image stored in flash memory. Using this
image, the phone initializes its software and hardware.
Configuring VLAN.
See Network Configuration Menu, page 4-5.
See Resolving Startup Problems, page 9-1.
If the Cisco Unified IP Phone is connected to a Cisco
switch, the switch next informs the phone of the voice
VLAN defined on the switch port. The phone needs to
know its VLAN membership before it can proceed with the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request for
an IP address.
4.
5.
Obtaining an IP Address.
See Network Configuration Menu, page 4-5.
If the Cisco Unified IP Phone is using DHCP to obtain an See Resolving Startup Problems, page 9-1.
IP address, the phone queries the DHCP server to obtain
one. If you are not using DHCP in your network, you must
assign static IP addresses to each phone locally.
Accessing a TFTP Server.
See Network Configuration Menu, page 4-5.
See Resolving Startup Problems, page 9-1.
In addition to assigning an IP address, the DHCP server
directs the Cisco Unified IP Phone to a TFTP server. If the
phone has a statically defined IP address, you must
configure the TFTP server locally on the phone. The phone
then contacts the TFTP server directly.
Note
You can also assign an alternative TFTP server to
use instead of the one assigned by DHCP.
6.
Requesting the CTL file.
Refer to Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Security Guide, Configuring the Cisco CTL
The TFTP server stores the CTL file. This file contains the
certificates necessary for establishing a secure connection
between the phone and Cisco Unified Communications
Manager.
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Understanding the Phone Startup Process
Table 2-4
Cisco Unified IP Phone Startup Process (continued)
Task
7.
Purpose
Related Topics
Requesting the ITL file.
Refer to Cisco Unified Communications Manager
The phone requests the ITL file after it requests the CTL
file. The ITL file contains the certificates of the entities that
the phone can trust. The certificates are used for
authenticating a secure connection with the servers or
authenticating a digital signature signed by the servers.
8.
9.
Requesting the Configuration File.
The TFTP server has configuration files, which define
parameters for connecting to Cisco
Unified Communications Manager and other information
for the phone.
See Resolving Startup Problems, page 9-1.
Contacting Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
The configuration file defines how the Cisco
Unified IP Phone communicates with Cisco
See Resolving Startup Problems, page 9-1.
Unified Communications Manager and provides a phone
with its load ID. After obtaining the file from the TFTP
server, the phone attempts to make a connection to the
highest priority Cisco Unified Communications Manager
on the list. If the security profile of the phone is configured
for secure signaling (encrypted or authenticated), and the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager is set to secure
mode, the phone makes a TLS connection. Otherwise, it
makes a nonsecure TCP connection.
If the phone was manually added to the database, Cisco
Unified Communications Manager identifies the phone. If
the phone was not manually added to the database and
auto-registration is enabled in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager, the phone attempts to
auto-register itself in the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database.
Note
Auto-registration is disabled when you configure
the CTL client. In this case, the phone must be
manually added to the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager database.
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Adding Phones to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Database
Adding Phones to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Database
Before installing the Cisco Unified IP phone, you must choose a method for adding phones to the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager database. These sections describe the methods:
•
•
•
•
Table 2-5 provides an overview of these methods for adding phones to the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager database.
Table 2-5
Methods for Adding Phones to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Database
Requires MAC
Address?
Method
Notes
Auto-registration
No
•
Results in automatic assignment of directory
numbers.
•
Not available when security or encryption is enabled.
Auto-registration with
TAPS
No
Requires auto-registration and the Bulk Administration
Tool (BAT); updates the Cisco Unified Communications
Manager database with the MAC address and DNs for the
device when user calls TAPS from the phone.
Using the Cisco Unified
Communications
Manager Administration
Yes
Yes
Requires phones to be added individually.
Using BAT
Can add groups of same model of phone.
Can schedule when phones are added to the Cisco Unified
Communications Manager database.
Adding Phones with Auto-Registration
By enabling auto-registration before you begin installing phones, you can:
•
•
Add phones without first gathering MAC addresses from the phones.
Automatically add a Cisco Unified IP Phone to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager
database when you physically connect the phone to your IP telephony network. During
auto-registration, Cisco Unified Communications Manager assigns the next available sequential
directory number to the phone.
•
•
Quickly enter phones into the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database and modify any
settings, such as the directory numbers, from Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
Move auto-registered phones to new locations and assign them to different device pools without
affecting their directory numbers.
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Adding Phones to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Database
Note
Cisco recommends you use auto-registration to add less than 100 phones to your network. To add more
Auto-registration is disabled by default. In some cases, you may not want to use auto-registration; for
example, if you want to assign a specific directory number to the phone or if you plan to use secure
connection with Cisco Unified Communications Manager as described in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Security Guide. For information about enabling auto-registration, refer to
Enabling Auto-Registration in the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide.
Note
When you configure the cluster for mixed mode through the Cisco CTL client, auto-registration is
automatically disabled. When you configure the cluster for nonsecure mode through the Cisco CTL
client, auto-registration is not automatically enabled.
Related Topics
•
•
•
Adding Phones with Auto-Registration and TAPS
You can add phones with auto-registration and TAPS, the Tool for Auto-Registered Phones Support,
without first gathering MAC addresses from phones.
TAPS works with the Bulk Administration Tool (BAT) to update a batch of phones that were already
added to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database with dummy MAC addresses. Use TAPS
to update MAC addresses and download pre-defined configurations for phones.
Note
Cisco recommends you use auto-registration and TAPS to add less than 100 phones to your network. To
To implement TAPS, you or the end-user dial a TAPS directory number and follow voice prompts. When
the process is complete, the phone will have downloaded its directory number and other settings, and the
phone will be updated in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration with the correct MAC
address.
Auto-registration must be enabled in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
(System > Cisco Unified CM) for TAPS to function.
Note
When you configure the cluster for mixed mode through the Cisco CTL client, auto-registration is
automatically disabled. When you configure the cluster for nonsecure mode through the Cisco CTL
client, auto-registration is not automatically enabled.
Refer to Cisco Unified Communications Manager Bulk Administration Guide for detailed instructions
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Adding Phones to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Database
Related Topics
•
•
•
Adding Phones with Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration
You can add phones individually to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager database using
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration. To do so, you first need to obtain the MAC
address for each phone.
For information about determining a MAC address, see Determining the MAC Address of a Cisco
After you have collected MAC addresses, in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration,
choose Device > Phone and click Add New to begin.
For complete instructions and conceptual information about Cisco Unified Communications Manager,
refer to Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide and to Cisco Unified
Communications Manager System Guide.
Related Topics
•
•
•
Adding Phones with BAT
Cisco Unified Communications Bulk Administration Tool (BAT), which is a menu option in Cisco
Unified Communications Manager Administration, enables you to perform batch operations, which
includes registration, on multiple phones.
To add phones using BAT only (not in conjunction with TAPS), you first need to obtain the appropriate
MAC address for each phone.
For information about determining a MAC address, see Determining the MAC Address of a Cisco
To add a phone to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager, follow these steps:
Procedure
Step 1
From Cisco Unified Communications Manager, choose Bulk Administration > Phones > Phone
Template.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Click Add New.
Choose a Phone Type and click Next.
Enter the details of phone specific parameters like Device Pool, Phone Button Template, Device Security
Profile and so on.
Step 5
Click Save.
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Using Cisco Unified IP Phones with Different Protocols
Step 6
From Cisco Unified Communications Manager, choose Device > Phone > Add New to add a phone
using an already created BAT phone template.
For detailed instructions about using BAT, refer to the Cisco Unified Communications Manager Bulk
Administration Guide. For more information on creation of BAT Phone Templates, see the Cisco Unified
Related Topics
•
•
•
Using Cisco Unified IP Phones with Different Protocols
The Cisco Unified IP Phone can operate with SCCP (Skinny Client Control Protocol) or SIP (Session
Initiation Protocol). You can convert a phone that is using one protocol for use with the other protocol.
This section includes these topics:
•
•
•
Converting a New Phone from SCCP to SIP
A new, unused phone is set for SCCP by default. To convert this phone to SIP, perform these steps:
Procedure
Step 1
Take one of these actions:
•
•
•
To auto-register the phone, set the Auto Registration Phone Protocol parameter in Cisco Unified
Communications Manager Administration to SIP.
To provision the phone using the Bulk Administration Tool (BAT), choose the appropriate phone
model and choose SIP from the BAT.
To provision the phone manually, make the appropriate changes for SIP on the Phone configuration
window in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration.
Refer to Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Guide for detailed information about
Cisco Unified Communications Manager configuration. Refer to Cisco Unified Communications
Step 2
Step 3
If you are not using DHCP in your network, configure the network parameters for the phone.
See Configuring Startup Network Settings, page 3-15.
Save the configuration updates, click Apply Config, click OK when the Apply Configuration
Information dialog displays, then have the user power cycle the phone.
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Determining the MAC Address of a Cisco Unified IP Phone
Converting an In-Use Phone from One Protocol to the Other Protocol
For information about how to convert an in-use phone from one protocol to the other, see the Cisco
section Migration Existing Phone Configuration to a Different Phone.
Deploying a Phone in an SCCP and SIP Environment
To deploy Cisco Unified IP Phones in an environment that includes SCCP and SIP and in which the
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Auto-Registration parameter is SCCP, perform these general
steps:
1. Set the Cisco Unified Communications Manager auto_registration_protocol parameter to SCCP.
From Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration, choose System > Enterprise
Parameters.
2. Install the phones.
3. Change the Auto Registration Protocol enterprise parameter to SIP.
4. Auto-register the SIP phones.
Determining the MAC Address of a Cisco Unified IP Phone
Several of the procedures that are described in this manual require you to determine the MAC address
of a Cisco Unified IP Phone. You can determine the MAC address for a phone in any of these ways:
•
•
•
From the phone, choose Settings > Network Configuration and look at the MAC Address field.
Look at the MAC label on the back of the phone.
Display the web page for the phone and click the Device Information hyperlink.
For information about accessing the web page, see Accessing the Web Page for a Phone, page 8-2.
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Determining the MAC Address of a Cisco Unified IP Phone
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