Cabletron Systems Switch 9A100 User Manual

SmartSwitch 9A100  
User Guide  
35 Industrial Way  
Rochester, NH 03866  
USA  
(603) 332-9400  
Part Number 04-0049-01 Rev. A  
Order Number 9032628  
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FCC CLASS A NOTICE  
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this  
device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including  
interference that may cause undesired operation.  
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DOC CLASS A NOTICE  
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the  
Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.  
Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils  
numeriques de la class A prescrites dans le Reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des  
Communications du Canada.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide iii  
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DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY  
ADDENDUM  
Application of Council Directive(s):  
89/336/EEC  
73/23/EEC  
Manufacturer’s Name:  
Manufacturer’s Address:  
Cabletron Systems, Inc.  
35 Industrial Way  
P. O. Box 5005  
Rochester, NH 03866  
Product Name:  
SmartSwitch 9A100  
Mr. J. Solari  
European Representative Name:  
European Representative Address:  
Cabletron Systems, Limited  
Nexus House, Newbury Business Park  
London Road, Newbury  
Berkshire RG13 2PZ, England  
Conformance to Directive(s)/Product Standards:  
EC Directive 89/336/EEC  
EC Directive 73/23/EEC  
EN 55022  
EN 50082-1  
EN 60950  
Equipment Type/Environment:  
Networking Equipment, for use in a Commercial or Light  
Industrial Environment.  
We the undersigned, hereby declare, under our sole responsibility, that the equipment packaged with this  
notice conforms to the above directives.  
Manufacturer:  
Full Name:  
Title:  
Mr. Ronald Fotino  
Principal Compliance Engineer  
Rochester, NH. U.S.A.  
Location:  
Legal Representative in Europe:  
Full Name:  
Title:  
Mr. J. Solari  
Managing Director - E.M.E.A.  
Newbury, Berkshire, England  
Location:  
iv SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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SAFETY INFORMATION  
CLASS 1 LASER TRANSCEIVERS  
The 6A-IOM-29-4, 6A-IOM-29-4-IR, 6A-IOM-29-4-LR, 6A-IOM-39-1 and 6A-IOM-39-1-LR connectors use Class  
1 Laser transceivers. Read the following safety information before installing or operating the 6A-IOM-29-4.  
The Class 1 Laser transceivers use an optical feedback loop to maintain Class 1 operation limits. This control loop  
eliminates the need for maintenance checks or adjustments. The output is factory set, and does not allow any user  
adjustment. Class 1 Laser transceivers comply with the following safety standards:  
U
U
U
21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (FDA)  
IEC Publication 825 (International Electrotechnical Commission)  
CENELEC EN 60825 (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization)  
When operating within their performance limitations, laser transceiver output meets the Class 1 accessible emission  
limit of all three standards. Class 1 levels of laser radiation are not considered hazardous.  
LASER RADIATION AND CONNECTORS  
When the connector is in place, all laser radiation remains within the fiber. The maximum amount of radiant power  
exiting the fiber (under normal conditions) is -12.6dBm or 55 x 10 -6 watts.  
Removing the optical connector from the transceiver allows laser radiation to emit directly from the optical port. The  
maximum radiance from the optical port (under worst case conditions) is 0.8 W cm-2 or 8 x 103 W m-2 sr-1.  
Do not use optical instruments to view the laser output. The use of optical instruments to view laser output increases  
eye hazard. When viewing the output optical port, you must remove power from the network adapter.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide v  
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FIBER OPTIC PROTECTIVE CAPS  
%"¤›apm READ BEFORE REMOVING FIBER OPTIC PROTECTIVE CAPS.  
Cable assemblies and MMF/SMF ports are shipped with protective caps to prevent contamination. To avoid  
contamination, replace port caps on all fiber optic devices when not in use.  
Cable assemblies and MMF/SMF ports that become contaminated may experience signal loss or difficulty inserting  
and removing cable assemblies from MMF/SMF ports.  
Contamination can be removed from cable assemblies by  
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Blowing surfaces with canned duster (Chemtronics p/n ES1270 or equivalent).  
Using a fiber port cleaning swab (Alcoa Fujikura LTS p/n ACT-01 or equivalent) saturated with  
optical-grade isopropyl alcohol, gently wipe the end surface of ferrules first; then wipe down the  
sides of both ferrules.  
U
Blow ferrule surfaces dry with canned duster.  
Contamination can be removed from MMF/SMF ports by  
U
Using the extension tube supplied with canned duster, blow into the optical port, being careful not  
to allow the extension tube to touch the bottom of the optical port.  
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Reconnect cable and check for proper mating. If problems remain, gently wipe out optical port with  
a DRY fiber port cleaning swab and repeat step 1.  
%"¤›apm To avoid contamination, replace port caps on all fiber optic devices when not in  
use.  
vi SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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REGULATORY COMPLIANCE SUMMARY  
SAFETY  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 meets the safety requirements of UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950, EN 60950, IEC 950, and  
73/23/EEC.  
EMC  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 meets the EMC requirements of FCC Part 15, EN 55022, CSA C108.8, VCCI V-3/93.01, EN  
50082-1, and 89/336/EEC.  
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REVISION HISTORY  
Document Name:  
Document Part Number:  
Document Order number:  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
04-0049-01 Rev. A  
9032628  
Author: Carre Gibson  
Editor: Ayesha Maqsood  
Illustrator: Michael Fornalski  
Date  
Revision  
Description  
May 1998  
04-0049-01 Rev. A Initial Release  
viii SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
1
2
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1  
Switch Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1  
2.1  
2.1.1  
Unpacking the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1  
Check Accessory Carton Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1  
2.2  
2.2.1  
Inspecting the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2  
DS3 and E3 I/O Module Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3  
2.3  
2.4  
Installing the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4  
Configuring the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6  
2.5  
Using the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8  
Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8  
Console Time-out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10  
Creating an Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10  
Ambiguous Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11  
Console Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12  
2.5.1  
2.5.2  
2.5.3  
2.5.4  
2.5.5  
2.6  
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12  
Installation Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14  
Starting SmartSwitch ATM Administrator the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15  
Accessing Online Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15  
2.6.1  
2.6.2  
2.6.3  
3
IP Over ATM and LANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1  
3.1  
3.1.1  
Creating an IP over ATM VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1  
ATM Addressing for IP over ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3  
3.2  
Creating an Emulated LAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3  
ATM Addressing for LAN Emulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6  
ELANs Across Multiple Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6  
Switch Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7  
3.2.1  
3.2.2  
3.2.3  
4
Switch Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1  
4.1  
Backing Up and Restoring Switch Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1  
4.2  
ATM Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2  
Creating an IISP Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2  
UNI Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5  
Route Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6  
4.2.1  
4.2.2  
4.2.3  
4.3  
IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7  
4.4  
Events and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9  
Event Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9  
Viewing Events and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10  
Deleting Events and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11  
4.4.1  
4.4.2  
4.4.3  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
4.5  
PVC Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11  
Point-to-Point PVCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12  
Point-to-Multipoint PVCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 4-13  
Connecting to Local Switch Client Through a PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14  
Non-zero VPIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15  
4.5.1  
4.5.2  
4.5.3  
4.5.4  
4.6  
Traffic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17  
Traffic Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17  
Call Admission Control Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19  
EFCI, EPD, and RM Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22  
4.6.1  
4.6.2  
4.6.3  
4.7  
Upgrading and Changing Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23  
Accessing the Boot Load Prompt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23  
Boot Load Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24  
Upgrading Boot Load Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25  
Upgrading POST Diagnostic Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27  
Upgrading Switch Operating Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28  
Using the Update Firmware Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29  
4.7.1  
4.7.2  
4.7.3  
4.7.4  
4.7.5  
4.7.6  
4.8  
Saving Core Dumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30  
5
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1  
Troubleshooting IP over ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1  
Troubleshooting LAN Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2  
Troubleshooting PNNI Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3  
5.1  
5.2  
5.3  
5.4  
Troubleshooting Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4  
Diagnosing Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4  
Global Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4  
Port Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5  
5.4.1  
5.4.2  
5.4.3  
A
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1  
Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1  
Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3  
A.1  
A.2  
B
Agent Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1  
B.1  
MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1  
ZeitNet Cabletron Proprietary MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2  
Relation Between Object Identifier and the Represented Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3  
Supported protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4  
Supported SMI Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4  
Zeitnet Cabletron Proprietary MIB Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5  
SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6  
MIB Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6  
B.1.1  
B.1.2  
B.1.3  
B.1.4  
B.1.5  
B.1.6  
B.1.7  
B.2  
B.2.1  
Managing the SmartSwitch 9A100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7  
Console Commands that Affect the Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8  
C
Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1  
Telephone Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1  
FAX Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1  
C.1  
C.2  
x
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
C.3  
C.4  
C.5  
C.6  
C.7  
Electronic Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1  
Placing A Support Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1  
Hardware Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2  
Software Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2  
Repair Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2  
D
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1  
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
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LIST OF FIGURES  
Figure 2-1 SmartSwitch 9A100-04 front panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2  
Figure 2-2 Installing the SmartSwitch 9A100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 2-5  
Figure 2-3 SmartSwitch 9A100 console and network connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7  
Figure 2-4 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13  
Figure 4-1 IISP route across PNNI domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4  
Figure 4-2 Routes needed for a second IISP switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4  
Figure 4-3 IP routing through SW1 for connectivity to the Ethernet network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9  
Figure 4-4 Memory locations affected by the boot load commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25  
Figure A-1 SmartSwitch 9A100 front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2  
Figure B-1 Internet MIB hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2  
Figure B-2 ZeitNet Private MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3  
Figure B-3 ZeitNet Cabletron SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB object identifier example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4  
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List of Figures  
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LIST OF TABLES  
Table 2-1  
Table 2-2  
Table 2-3  
Table 4-1  
Table 4-2  
Table 4-3  
Table 4-4  
I/O module ID numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3  
DS3 and E3 module settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3  
Default accounts and passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15  
Values for VPI and VCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15  
Traffic descriptor type number explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18  
Settings for QoS queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22  
Boot load commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24  
Table A-1 Front panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1  
Table A-2 Hardware specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3  
Table A-3 Physical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3  
Table A-4 ATM port specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4  
Table A-5 Protocols standards and specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4  
Table A-6 Management standards and specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5  
Table A-7 RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter (PC serial port adapter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5  
Table B-1 Zeitnet proprietary MIB groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5  
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List of Tables  
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1 INTRODUCTION  
Welcome to the SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide. The SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM switch is a module that fits into the  
SmartSwitch 9000 chassis. You can install up to seven SmartSwitch 9A100 switches into a 14-slot SmartSwitch 9000  
chassis; or up to three switches into a 6-slot chassis. The module is hot swappable, meaning that you can install and  
remove it without turning off or disconnecting the chassis. This manual will help you quickly and easily install and  
configure your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch.  
By performing the steps described in the first two chapters of this manual, your switch will be physically installed,  
accessible on your Ethernet network, and running either an IP over ATM VLAN or an emulated Ethernet or Token  
Ring LAN.  
Subsequent chapters provide information about switch use, maintenance, and problem solving. These topics include  
Managing the switch: backing up configurations, adding routes, creating PVC connections,  
upgrading software, dealing with bandwidth, and controlling congestion  
Working with the switch’s hardware components  
Troubleshooting  
Note  
For detailed descriptions of SmartSwitch 9A100 console commands and their use,  
see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual.  
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Introduction  
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2 SWITCH INSTALLATION AND SETUP  
After you read this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks:  
U
U
U
U
Install the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch module into the SmartSwitch 9000 chassis  
Complete the initial configuration  
Use the console interface  
Install the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator graphical management software  
2.1 UNPACKING THE SWITCH  
Remove the accessory carton from the shipping box. Carefully remove the switch from its packing material.  
2.1.1  
Check Accessory Carton Contents  
Open the accessory carton and check that it contains the following items:  
— 7-foot UTP cable terminated on both ends with RJ-45 connectors  
— RJ-45 to 9-pin female adapter (labeled PC)  
— Console cabling instruction sheet  
— Diskettes containing switch software, MIB files, SmartSwitch ATM Administrator software, and release notes  
— SmartSwitch 9A100 Release Notes  
— SmartSwitch 9A100 Quick Start  
— SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
— SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual  
If any of these items is missing, contact Cabletron customer support immediately.  
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Inspecting the Switch  
Switch Installation and Setup  
2.2 INSPECTING THE SWITCH  
Depending on the configuration ordered, your switch looks similar to the unit in Figure 2-1. The SmartSwitch  
9A100-04 has four I/O modules.  
Figure 2-1 SmartSwitch 9A100-04 front panel  
Inspect the switch and make certain that its configuration corresponds to what was ordered. Also, make certain that the  
input/output (I/O) modules are of the correct type and number (See Table 2-1).  
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Switch Installation and Setup  
InspectingtheSwitch  
Table 2-1 I/O module ID numbers  
Face Plate Number  
6A-IOM-21-4  
Physical Specification  
155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, MMF/SC (4 ports)  
155 Mbps STS-3c/STM-1, UTP-5/RJ-45 (4 ports)  
155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, SMF-IR/SC (1 port), MMF/SC (3 ports)  
155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, SMF-IR/SC (4 ports)  
155 Mbps OC-3/STS-1, SMF-LR/SC (4 ports)  
622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, MMF/SC (1 port)  
622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, SMF-IR/SC (1 port)  
622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, SMF-LR/SC (1 port)  
45 Mbps DS-3, Coax/BNC (4 ports)  
6A-IOM-22-4  
6A-IOM-29-4  
6A-IOM-29-4-IR  
6A-IOM-29-4-LR  
6A-IOM-31-1  
6A-IOM-39-1  
6A-IOM-39-1-LR  
6A-IOM-67-4  
34 Mbps E-3, Coax/BNC (4 ports)  
6A-IOM-77-4  
If the hardware configuration is incorrect, contact Cabletron customer support immediately.  
2.2.1  
DS3 and E3 I/O Module Configuration  
Table 2-2 shows the pre-configured values for both the DS3 (6A-IOM-67-4) and E3 (6A-IOM-77-4) I/O modules.  
These values cannot be changed. Accordingly, configure the connecting device’s interface to use these values.  
Table 2-2 DS3 and E3 module settings  
Protocol  
DS3  
Mode  
plcp  
Framing Empty Cell  
Timing  
internal  
internal  
Scrambling  
Length  
cbit  
unassigned  
unassigned  
off  
off  
greater than 225 feet  
N/A  
plcp  
G.751  
E3  
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Installing the Switch  
Switch Installation and Setup  
2.3 INSTALLING THE SWITCH  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 is hot swappable, meaning that you can install and remove it without turning off or  
unplugging the SmartSwitch 9000 chassis. The following list shows how many switch modules can be installed in each  
chassis:  
U
You can install up to three switch modules in a 6-slot chassis. In this configuration, the SmartSwitch  
9A100 modules provide up to 45 user ports.  
U
You can install up to seven switch modules in a 14-slot chassis. In this configuration, the  
SmartSwitch 9A100 modules provide up to 105 user ports.  
Connect modules with inter-module trunks if traffic must cross between modules.  
2p›F When redundant power supplies are installed in the chassis, the switch module  
recognizes only one of them. However, the redundant power supply feature  
performs correctly; if one power supply fails, the other one takes over.  
Follow the instructions below to install the switch module into the chassis. Refer to Figure 2-2. You do not need to turn  
off or unplug the chassis before inserting or removing the switch module. However, if you insert the switch module  
with the power on, there is a 6-second delay before it begins to operate.  
s• Remove the metal blanks from two adjacent empty slots in the chassis.  
¢• Open the ejectors at the top and bottom of the switch module.  
With the LEDs at the top, align the top and bottom of the SmartSwitch 9A100 with the tracks in the  
slot.  
T• Slide the switch into the chassis. The switch module obscures the view of the tracks at the bottom of  
the chassis, so be sure to look at that area as you begin to slide the switch into the chassis.  
Q• Close the ejectors. The installation is complete.  
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Switch Installation and Setup  
InstallingtheSwitch  
Rotate ejector  
to lock in place  
Circuit  
Card  
Metal  
Backpanel  
Card Guides  
Figure 2-2 Installing the SmartSwitch 9A100  
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Configuring the Switch  
Switch Installation and Setup  
2.4 CONFIGURING THE SWITCH  
Initial configuration of your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch consists of setting the name, Ethernet IP address, and subnet  
mask. Once these tasks are complete, the switch can be reached through your Ethernet network for additional  
configuration and administration.  
Perform the following steps to configure initial switch parameters:  
s• Determine whether you will use a dumb terminal, workstation, or PC running terminal emulation  
software to perform initial switch configuration.  
¢• Configure dumb terminals or PCs running emulation software with the following communication  
parameters:  
U
U
U
U
Baud rate = 9600  
Data bits = 8  
Stop bits = 1  
Flow control = none  
Plug one end of the supplied RJ-45 UTP cable into the 9-pin RJ-45 adapter (see Figure 2-3).  
2p›F For information about adapter wiring configurations, see Appendix A,  
"Specifications."  
T• Plug the other end of the UTP cable into the SmartSwitch 9A100 female RJ-45 jack labeled  
Terminal, located on the front panel (see Figure 2-3).  
Q• Connect the switch to your network by plugging a UTP cable into the SmartSwitch 9A100 female  
RJ-45 jack labeled Ethernet, located near the center of the switch's front panel (see Figure 2-3).  
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Switch Installation and Setup  
ConfiguringtheSwitch  
Terminal  
RJ-45  
Port  
Ethernet  
RJ-45  
Port  
Ethernet  
Hub  
Terminal  
Figure 2-3 SmartSwitch 9A100 console and network connections  
–• Start the dumb terminal or PC and its terminal emulation software.  
When power is applied to the SmartSwitch 9A100, the module emits a series of diagnostic messages.  
If you inserted the module into a chassis that was turned off, turn it on now; the diagnostics will  
appear after a 6-second delay. If you inserted the module into a chassis that was turned on, press the  
Reset switch to see the diagnostics.  
G• After the diagnostics are finished, the switch prompts for a password. Enter the default password,  
"admin."  
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Using the Console  
Switch Installation and Setup  
n• Next, the switch prompts for the information necessary to make the switch accessible through your  
Ethernet network  
U
U
U
Switch name  
IP address  
Subnet mask  
s¬• After you enter these parameters and reboot the switch, log off the local console connection. Perform  
additional configuration steps over your network using a telnet connection.  
2p›F Only one console connection is allowed at any time. To reach the  
SmartSwitch 9A100 through telnet, you must exit the local terminal connection  
by entering the exitcommand.  
The following is an example of the initial configuration session:  
SmartSwitch Version 2.1 (c) Cabletron Inc.  
password:: admin  
<¸admin" is the default password  
The current user is Administrator  
Could not find setup file  
Running Setup Automatically  
SwitchName() : My_9A100  
IPAddress(0.0.0.0) : 210.160.77.254  
IPNetMask(255.0.0.0) : 255.255.255.0  
Confirm(y/n)?:y  
< a switch name  
< an IP address  
< a subnet mask  
Changing IP Address on System. Telnet session (if any) will be lost.  
SmartSwitch #  
Before continuing to chapter 3, “IP over ATM and LANE,” read the following sections for information about  
U
U
Using the SmartSwitch 9A100 console  
Installing and getting started with the Windows-based SmartSwitch ATM Administrator application  
2.5 USING THE CONSOLE  
Use the SmartSwitch 9A100 console interface to configure and manage your switch. The following is a description of  
the console interface and its operation.  
2.5.1  
Console Commands  
2p›F For detailed descriptions of console commands, see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250  
Reference Manual.  
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Switch Installation and Setup  
UsingtheConsole  
All console commands use the syntax:  
operator switch-attribute [<parameter 1> <parameter 2>... <parameter n>]  
Where the operator is one of the following:  
show( display): Show the current values used by a switch-attribute.  
add( create): Add a new instance of a switch-attribute.  
delete( remove): Delete an instance of a switch-attribute.  
modify( set): Change the values that currently define a switch-attribute.  
start: Start a process on the switch; for example, start the LAN Emulation Configuration Server.  
restart: Restart a process on the switch; for example, restart a client.  
flush: Remove assigned values; for example, flush a route table.  
alias: Create easier names for often-used commands and their parameters.  
Entering parameters at the command line is optional. If a command requires parameter values, it prompts you for them.  
For instance, in the example below, showis the operator, portconfigis the switch-attribute, and a1is the parameter  
indicating that you want to show configuration information about port A1.  
SmartSwitch # show portconfig a1  
==================================================  
Port: A1  
--------------------------------------------------  
Parameter  
Configured  
Current  
--------------------------------------------------  
Sig Type  
autoConfig  
pnni10  
Sig Role  
other  
symmetric  
Interface Type  
Max vpi bits  
Max vci bits  
Max SVC vpci  
Min SVC vci  
Max Vccs  
private  
0
12  
0
32  
4096  
private  
0
12  
0
32  
4096  
--------------------------------------------------  
Other parameters  
--------------------------------------------------  
Port Admin Status  
Ilmi Admin Status  
Oper State  
UP  
Enabled AddressRegistration Connectivity  
UP  
Trans Type  
Media Type  
Bandwidth  
STS-3c  
MMF (S)  
155 MB  
SmartSwitch #  
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Using the Console  
Switch Installation and Setup  
If you don’t specify parameters with the command, the console prompts you for an input value and provides a default  
value displayed in parenthesis. For example, if you enter show portconfigwithout specifying a port (as a parameter),  
the following appears. Here, the default of “all” ports is presented. You can either accept the default by pressing Enter,  
or you can enter a specific port number. Taking the default displays the following:  
SmartSwitch # show portconfig  
PortNumber(ALL)  
:
Media  
Type  
Port  
ID  
Intf  
Type  
Sig  
Type  
Trans  
Type  
Speed  
Oper  
(MB/s)  
State  
==============================================================================  
A1  
A2  
A3  
A4  
B1  
B2  
B3  
private  
private  
private  
private  
private  
private  
private  
pnni10  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c SMF (I)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
STS-3c MMF (S)  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
155 MB  
UP  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
uni31  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
autoConfig  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
UP  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
DOWN  
B4(CPU) private  
C1  
C2  
C3  
C4  
D1  
D2  
D3  
D4  
private  
private  
private  
private  
private  
private  
private  
private  
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB  
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB  
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB  
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB  
SmartSwitch #  
2p›F When you accept the (all) default for show, the information displayed is often  
abridged.  
2.5.2  
Console Time-out  
The console can be configured to exit if it does not sense a key stroke within a defined length of time. By default, the  
SmartSwitch 9A100 is set to never time-out (value = 0). To activate the time-out feature, use the set ConsoleTimeOut  
command to adjust the time-out period:  
SmartSwitch # set consoletimeout  
Timeout(0)  
: 30 <Will time-out in 30 minutes without input  
Confirm (y/N)? : y  
SmartSwitch #  
2.5.3  
Creating an Alias  
Use the add aliascommand to create shorter or easier-to-remember names for command lines. For example:  
SmartSwitch # add alias  
AliasName()  
: traffic  
AliasedString()  
SmartSwitch #  
: set switchtrafficcongestion  
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UsingtheConsole  
The above example creates an alias (traffic) that can be entered in place of the command set  
SwitchTrafficCongestion. For example:  
SmartSwitch # traffic  
Queue1EFCIThreshold(4096)  
Queue2EFCIThreshold(4096)  
Queue3EFCIThreshold(4096)  
Queue4EFCIThreshold(4096)  
LowEPDWatermark(10922)  
HighEPDWatermark(21845)  
RMCellMarkingEnable(1)  
EFCIMarkingEnable(1)  
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
SmartSwitch #  
Enter the show aliascommand to display a list of all defined aliases and the command lines to which they correspond.  
:SmartSwitch # show alias  
AliasName(ALL)  
Alias List  
:
==============================================================================  
Index Alias Name  
: Aliased Command  
1
2
3
PING  
xxx  
traffic  
: Start ping  
: show portconfig  
: set switchtrafficcongestion  
SmartSwitch #  
2.5.4  
Ambiguous Commands  
If you enter part of a command, and that part is not unique, the console displays a numbered list of possible matching  
commands. For example, entering show pnninis ambiguous because there are several commands that start with  
“pnnin.” In response, the SmartSwitch 9A100 displays a list of the possible commands:  
SmartSwitch # show pnnin  
< “pnnin” is ambiguous  
Objects beginning with pnnin for action show  
0 :  
1 :  
2 :  
3 :  
4 :  
PnniNeighbor  
PnniNetworkLink  
PnniNetworkNode  
PnniNode  
PnniNodeTimer  
(#)Command (Q)uit? : 3  
< I meant PnniNode, so I enter number three (3) from the list  
SmartSwitch # show PnniNode  
Selecting number three from the list automatically enters the corresponding command; pressing enter executes the  
command:  
PNNI Node Information  
================================================================================  
Level  
: 80  
Node Id  
Lowest  
: 50:a0:39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:c1:80:00:20:d4:28:c1:80:00  
: TRUE  
Admin Status : UP  
Oper Status : UP  
Atm Address : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:c1:80:00:20:d4:28:c1:80:00  
Peer Group Id: 50:39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00  
Rst Transit : FALSE  
Rst Branching: FALSE  
DB Overload : FALSE  
Ptse  
: 2  
SmartSwitch #  
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SmartSwitch ATM Administrator  
Switch Installation and Setup  
2.5.5  
Console Help  
The console provides several levels of help for console commands. For example, to list the switch attributes that can  
be used with a particular operator, enter the word help(or ?) followed by the operator.  
SmartSwitch # help add  
HELP ----  
add  
==============================================================================  
add  
[ AlarmConfig | Alias | ATMRoute | BUSELAN | Community | ELAN |  
Interface | IPATMClient | IPATMPVC | LANEClient | LECSELAN |  
LECSELANLEC | LECSTLVSET | LESELAN | NetPrefix | PnniMetrics |  
PnniSummaryAddress | PVC | Route | ServiceRegistry |  
TrafficDescriptor | TrapCommunity ]  
SmartSwitch #  
To obtain an explanation of a command and its parameters, enter the word help (or ?) before the command.  
SmartSwitch # ? add laneclient  
Create LANE Client  
============================================================================  
ClientNumber  
LanName  
Local Client Number (0-127)  
Name of the ELAN to join  
ServerType  
ServerAddress  
IPAddress  
NetMask  
Type of LANE Server [LECS, LES]  
ATM Address of the LANE Server  
IP Address of the Client  
IP Netmask of the Client  
MTU  
MTU for the Client [1516, 9234, NONE]  
SmartSwitch #  
While entering a command, you can obtain help about the current parameter by entering a question mark (?) at the  
prompt. For example:  
SmartSwitch # add atmroute  
PortNumber(A1)  
AtmAddress()  
PrefixLength(104)  
Index(0)  
: a3  
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:72:80  
:
:
Type(Internal)  
: ?  
The type of reachability. Use Internal, Exterior, or Reject.  
Type(Internal)  
Scope(0)  
MetricsTag(0)  
SmartSwitch #  
:exterior  
:
:
2p›F Press the Esc key to back out of any command before you enter the last value.  
2.6 SMARTSWITCH ATM ADMINISTRATOR  
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator is a Windows application that manages SmartCell ATM switches. It supports the  
following operations:  
U
U
U
Switch management  
Emulated Local Area Network (ELAN) management  
Connection management  
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SmartSwitchATMAdministrator  
U
U
Alarm management  
Switch discovery  
Additionally, the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator provides the following capabilities that are not available from the  
console interface:  
U
U
U
U
Use a graphical interface  
Perform drag and drop operations  
Manage all switches from one console  
Perform transactions across multiple switches (for example, create an ELAN when the servers are  
not co-located)  
Figure 2-4 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator  
2p›F Capabilities that are not available from the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator are  
debugging and tracing.  
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SmartSwitch ATM Administrator  
Switch Installation and Setup  
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator can be installed on a PC running Windows NT 4.0, Windows NT 3.51, or Windows  
95, and requires the following PC hardware configuration:  
U
U
U
U
U
Pentium 133 Mhz or faster processor  
20 MB disk space  
32 MB RAM  
Monitor with resolution of at least 800 x 600 pixels  
Network connections (either Ethernet or ATM) to the switches you manage  
2.6.1  
Installation Steps  
The installation process for SmartSwitch ATM Administrator is essentially the same for all the supported operating  
systems. Follow these instructions for installation on NT 4.0, NT 3.51, or Win95.  
s• If you are using diskettes, make backup copies of the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator diskettes. Put  
the original diskettes in a safe place; use them if your backup copies become unusable. Use your  
backup copies to complete the installation procedure.  
¢• Load Disk 1 into drive a or note the network <path> to the directory that contains the  
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator files.  
Start the installation software:  
NT 4.0 or Win95, click Start then click Run  
NT 3.51, select the File menu and click Run  
T• Enter a:\setup.exe to install from drive a:  
OR <path>\Disk1\setup.exeto install from the network  
Q• The Software License Agreement dialog box appears. Follow the instructions on the screen and click  
Yes to proceed.  
–• The Welcome dialog box appears. Read the instructions and click Next to proceed.  
The Choose Destination Location screen appears. Follow the instructions on the screen and click  
Next. Setup performs the following tasks:  
Copies several files to c:\ZXAdmin or to the destination you specified  
Creates a program group called SmartCell ZX Network Management Tools (Common)  
Creates icons in the group:  
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator – starts the application  
Online Help – starts the online help  
Readme – displays release notes  
UnInstall SmartSwitch ATM Administrator – removes the application from your PC  
G• The Setup Complete dialog box appears. Read the message and click Finish.  
n• The Information dialog box appears. Click OK.  
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2.6.2  
Starting SmartSwitch ATM Administrator the First Time  
When you use SmartSwitch ATM Administrator for the first time, you should change the default passwords to prevent  
unauthorized access to the application. The application arrives with two user accounts set up, as described in Table 2-3.  
Table 2-3 Default accounts and passwords  
User Name  
admin  
Access Level Default Password  
Administrator  
Guest  
admin  
guest  
guest  
s• In the SmartCell ZX Network Management Tools (Common) program group, double click on the  
icon labeled SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. The SmartSwitch ATM Administrator Login dialog  
box appears.  
¢• Enter the default user name, admin. The user name is case sensitive.  
Enter the default password, admin, and click the OK button or press Enter. The password is case  
sensitive.  
T• The SmartSwitch ATM Administrator window appears. On the Applications menu, select User  
Management.  
2.6.3  
Accessing Online Help  
All SmartSwitch ATM Administrator operations (including changing passwords and adding users) are documented  
within the application’s online help. Follow these instructions to access the online help facility.  
s• From the Help menu, select SmartSwitch ATM Administrator Help Topics.  
¢• The Help Topics dialog box appears. You have three options for viewing online help:  
Click the Contents tab to show the Table of Contents of the online help. Click on the topic you  
wish to read about.  
Click the Index tab to select from an alphabetical list of help topics.  
Click the Find tab to search for a particular topic.  
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3 IP OVER ATM AND LANE  
This chapter describes working with the SmartSwitch 9A100 IP over ATM VLAN and emulated LAN capabilities. At  
the end of this chapter you will be able to use your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch to  
Create an IP over ATM VLAN  
Create an emulated Ethernet LAN (LANE)  
3.1 CREATING AN IP OVER ATM VLAN  
This section describes implementing IP over ATM on your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch. The following assumptions  
are made:  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch will have a client on the IP over ATM VLAN  
The ARP server will reside on the switch and correspond to the address of the switch client  
All end nodes (computers, edge devices, and so on) support Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)  
1. Log into the switch, either through the terminal port or through the Ethernet interface by telnet.  
2. Create a client on the switch and assign it as the ARP server for the VLAN.  
SmartSwitch # add ipatmclient  
ClientNumber(0) : 1  
ServerType(NONE) : local < the ARP server is assigned to the switch client  
ServerAddress() :  
IPAddress() : 90.1.1.1  
< IP address is for example only  
NetMask(255.0.0.0) : 255.255.255.0  
MTU(9180) :  
< subnet mask is for example only  
SmartSwitch #  
The example above creates a client on the switch, designates the client as the ARP server for the VLAN  
(ServerType= local), and assigns the client an IP address and subnet mask.  
Note  
Note  
The command add ipatmclientalways prompts you with a subnet mask that is  
appropriate for the IP address. However, if necessary, you can change the subnet  
mask to correspond to the strategy employed within your networks.  
Never create an IP over ATM VLAN (or an IP over ATM client) with the same  
subnet as the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet port.  
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3. Enter the show clientcommand to make sure the client is operational and to obtain the 20-byte  
ATM address of the ARP server. For instance, if you used the client number (client 1) from the  
example in step 2, enter the following command.  
SmartSwitch # show client 1  
IP/ATM Client 1  
============================================================================  
Client State  
Client Address  
Server  
: Operational  
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:01:00  
: is local  
Server Connection : Established  
MTU  
: 9180  
IP Address  
IP NetMask  
SmartSwitch #  
: 90.1.1.1  
: 255.255.255.0  
4. Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the SmartSwitch 9A100 ports.  
Note  
Your end nodes do not need to be physically attached to the switch that contains  
the ARP server. For example, an end station is connected to a SmartSwitch 9A100  
switch that is connected through a route to the switch containing the ARP server.  
No special configuration is needed for this end station to participate in the VLAN  
because the end station automatically finds its path across the route to the ARP  
server and the other VLAN members.  
5. Configure the ATM interface or adapter for end nodes and edge devices. Typically, configuration  
consists of designating IP over ATM as the protocol, assigning the device an IP address, and  
specifying the 20-byte ATM address of the ARP server (the switch’s client address). For details on  
the SmartSwitch 9A100 automatic addressing scheme for IP over ATM, see Section 3.1.1.  
6. As your end devices are configured and started, they register with the ARP server. You can test  
whether your IP over ATM VLAN is functional by pinging from one end device to another.  
To make certain that all end devices are registered with the ARP server, you can inspect the switch’s ARP table using  
the show ipatmarpcommand. For example, if three end devices with IP addresses 90.1.1.2, 90.1.1.3, and 90.1.1.4 are  
added to the VLAN, the following ARP table entries should exist:  
SmartSwitch # show ipatmarp  
ClientNumber(ALL)  
:
IP/ATM Server 1 ARP Table  
IP Address  
ATM Address  
============================================================================  
90.1.1.2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:02:00  
IP/ATM Server 3 ARP Table  
IP Address  
ATM Address  
============================================================================  
90.1.1.3 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:03:00  
IP/ATM Server 5 ARP Table  
IP Address  
ATM Address  
============================================================================  
90.1.1.4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:04:00  
SmartSwitch #  
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Note  
If configured devices fail to join the VLAN, see Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, “UNI  
Routes.” Also, see Chapter 5, Section 5.1, “Troubleshooting IP Over ATM.”  
You have completed the process for creating an IP over ATM VLAN. Continue to the next section for instructions on  
creating an emulated LAN or go to Chapter 4, “Switch Administration,” for information about SmartSwitch 9A100  
switch operations and maintenance.  
3.1.1  
ATM Addressing for IP over ATM  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 provides a default format for ATM addresses used by IP over ATM. The default format is  
constructed as follows:  
netprefix + two zero bytes + IP address of the device (in hex) + a trailing zero byte  
Where the netprefix is constructed from  
39 + nine zero bytes + the last three bytes of the device’s MAC address  
00:20:D4:14:41:80 and  
90.1.1.1,  
then  
For instance, if the switch’s MAC address is  
the switch’s client IP address is  
20  
the -byte ATM address of the ARP server is  
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:01:00  
Where  
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80  
= netprefix  
00:00  
= two trailing zeros  
5A:01:01:01  
= IP address 90.1.1.1 in hexadecimal  
= trailing zeros byte  
00  
3.2 CREATING AN EMULATED LAN  
This section describes the steps for implementing an Ethernet Emulated LAN (ELAN) on your SmartSwitch 9A100  
switch. The following assumptions are made:  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch will contain a client on the ELAN.  
All end nodes (computers, edge devices, other switches, and so on) support the Well Known LECS  
Address or can obtain the address of the LECS using ILMI.  
All end nodes support Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs).  
Note  
An ELAN comes pre-configured on SmartSwitch 9A100 switches. The ELAN  
name is “ELAN000.” To use this ELAN, start the LECS, configure your end nodes  
and edge devices to use this ELAN000, and then plug them into the  
SmartSwitch 9A100.  
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1. Enter the start LECScommand to activate LANE server services on this switch.  
SmartSwitch # start lecs  
NOTICE - 'LECS' ***** LECS started *****  
SmartSwitch #  
2. Create an ELAN on your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch by executing the add elancommand. The  
following is an example.  
SmartSwitch # add elan  
ELANNumber(0) : 1  
<1 is used instead of the default, (0)  
ELANName(ELAN001): Marketing <ELAN is named Marketing instead of the default, (ELAN000)  
ConnectMethod(SVC):  
ELANType(802.3)  
Multipoint(YES) :  
MTU(1516) :  
<The default (Ethernet) is used  
Distribute(PROXY) :  
SmartSwitch #  
3. Create a client for the switch on the ELAN. For example, enter  
SmartSwitch # add laneclient  
ClientNumber(0) :1  
<One is used instead of the default, (0)  
LanName(ELAN001) : Marketing < ELAN name is Marketing, not the default, (ELAN001)  
ServerType(LECS) :  
ServerAddress()  
<No LANE server address is specified; see note below  
IPAddress() : 90.1.1.1 < IP address and subnet mask are included only as examples  
NetMask(255.0.0.0): 255.255.255.0  
MTU(1516) :  
SmartSwitch #  
Note  
Note  
The command add laneclientalways prompts you with a subnet mask that is  
appropriate for the IP address. However, if necessary, you can change the subnet  
mask to correspond to the strategy employed within your networks.  
When you create a client, it automatically finds the LECS address using ILMI.  
As the local client joins the ELAN, the following messages are sent to the Event log:  
NOTICE - 'ZLESSRV' LES Join 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:  
14:41:82:00  
NOTICE - 'ZLESSRV' BUS Connect 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:  
14:41:82:00  
Caution Never create an ELAN (or ELAN client) with the same subnet as the  
SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet port.  
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4. Enter the show clientcommand to make certain that the client is operational.  
SmartSwitch # show client 1  
LANE Client 1  
============================================================================  
Client State  
Client Address  
LAN Name  
: Operational  
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:81:00  
: Marketing  
LECS Addr Source : ILMI  
LECS Address  
LES Address  
LAN Type  
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:80:01  
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:82:02  
: 802.3  
MTU  
: 1516  
IP Address  
IP NetMask  
SmartSwitch #  
: 90.1.1.1  
: 255.255.255.0  
Note  
While creating an ELAN client for the switch is not absolutely necessary, it does  
provide management connectivity with the switch over its ATM ports (instead of  
the Ethernet port). See Chapter 4, “Switch Administration” for information about  
how to reach switches not directly connected to the Ethernet network.  
5. Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the SmartSwitch 9A100 ports.  
6. Configure the ATM interface or adapter for all end nodes and edge devices. Typically, configuration  
consists of specifying LAN Emulation as the protocol, assigning the device an IP address that  
corresponds to the subnet of the switch’s client, and indicating that you want the device to either  
acquire the LECS address through ILMI or use the Well Known Address as the address for the  
LECS. For details on the SmartSwitch 9A100 automatic addressing scheme for LANE, see  
Section 3.2.1.  
7. As each end device registers with the LES and BUS, messages are sent to the event log of the  
SmartSwitch 9A100 containing the LECS. You can check connectivity by pinging between end  
nodes.  
Note  
If configured devices fail to join the ELAN, see Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, “UNI  
Routes.” Also, see Chapter 5, Section 5.2, “Troubleshooting LAN Emulation.”  
Your ELAN is now operational. Additional ELANs can be created in the same way. See Chapter 4, “Switch  
Administration,” for information about SmartSwitch 9A100 switch operations and maintenance.  
Note  
While it is possible for a single ELAN on the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch to  
support multiple subnets, in general, switch performance is best (and management  
easiest) when the “One-subnet-per-ELAN” rule is observed.  
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3.2.1  
ATM Addressing for LAN Emulation  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 provides a default format for ATM addresses used by LAN emulation. The default format is  
constructed as follows:  
netprefix + the MAC address of the device + a Selector Byte  
Where the netprefix is constructed from  
39 + nine zero bytes + the last three bytes of the switch’s MAC address  
The Selector Byte specifies to whom the ATM address belongs.  
00  
01  
02  
= LEC  
= LECS  
= LES or BUS  
00:20:D4:14:41:80  
, then the 20-byte ATM address of the LECS is:  
For instance, if the switch’s MAC address is  
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:  
Where  
00:20:D4:14:41:80:01  
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80 = netprefix  
00:20:D4:14:41:80 = the switch’s MAC address  
01 = the Selector Byte indicating that this is the LECS  
Additionally, within both the LES and BUS addresses, the byte that corresponds to the last byte of the MAC address  
is summed with the ELAN number. For example, the ATM address of the LESs on ELAN000, ELAN001, and  
ELAN010 are  
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41: :02  
80  
LES for ELAN000 =  
LES for ELAN001 =  
LES for ELAN010 =  
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41: :02  
81  
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41: :02  
8A  
3.2.2  
ELANs Across Multiple Switches  
ELANs can exist within a single switch, or they can span multiple switches. When an ELAN spans multiple switches,  
it’s important that all switches within the group use the same LECS. The general rule is: “Within an administrative  
domain (a group of switches with related ELANs), there should be one and only one LECS.” For this reason, never  
start the LECS on more than one switch within the administrative domain.  
If an uplink or end node does not support PNNI, or if its version of ILMI is  
incompatible, it may be necessary to set up a static route between the device and  
the rest of the ELAN. See Section 4.2, “ATM Routing.”  
Note  
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3.2.3  
Switch Clients  
It is important to understand the concept of SmartSwitch 9A100 switch client connections. A client connection is  
actually a connection between the VLAN and the SmartSwitch 9A100 CPU; this CPU connection appears as if the  
switch is an end station on the VLAN. The SmartSwitch 9A100 uses local clients to connect itself to the VLANs that  
it supports.  
This is analogous to a phone company that supports a communication system. Even though the phone company  
maintains the circuits, a call to the phone company itself cannot be made unless the phone company has its own number  
and connection on its own phone system. Similarly, VLAN membership (and the reachability) of a  
SmartSwitch 9A100 on any particular VLAN depends upon whether the SmartSwitch 9A100 has a local client  
connection for that VLAN.  
Clients are created using the command add laneclientfor LAN emulation, and add ipatmclientfor IP over ATM.  
For example, the following command adds a switch client to the ELAN elan1:  
SmartSwitch# add laneclient  
ClientNumber(0)  
LanName(ELAN001)  
ServerType(LECS)  
ServerAddress()  
IPAddress()  
: 1  
: elan1  
:
:
: 128.213.77.95  
NetMask(255.255.0.0)  
MTU(1516)  
:
:
SmartSwitch#  
Prior to creating this local client connection, end devices could communicate with each other through elan1, but they  
could not communicate with the SmartSwitch 9A100.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 3-7  
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%•F"›amV˜"m˜'h¤d"›F=˜/"2  
˜˜,6˜3¦F•˜":1˜"m=˜/"2'  
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4 SWITCH ADMINISTRATION  
This chapter contains software and hardware procedures that you might need to perform on your SmartSwitch 9A100  
switch. These procedures include  
Backing up switch configuration  
Creating routes and connecting switches  
Using switch events and alarms  
Creating PVC connections  
Managing switch traffic  
Using low-level boot load switch commands  
Upgrading switch software  
Saving switch core dumps to a TFTP server  
4.1 BACKING UP AND RESTORING SWITCH  
CONFIGURATION  
Once your SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM switch is up and running or you have made extensive changes to the  
configuration, you should back up the switch configuration. If the flash RAM gets formatted or corrupted, you can  
restore the switch configuration from the backup file.  
Note  
The backupcommand backs up only the configuration files. It does not back up  
an image of the operating software.  
To perform a back up or restore, you must have TFTP server software running on an end station that’s reachable by the  
SmartSwitch 9A100. The backupcommand copies the configuration files on the switch to a directory specified by the  
TFTP server software. Often, this directory is /tftpboot; however, it may be different with your TFTP server software.  
Backup file names can be anything. Both the target backup directory and its file must exist and have appropriate read  
and write permissions for the backup to complete successfully.  
The backupcommand prompts you for the IP address of the TFTP server end station, the backup path, and the name  
of the file within which you are saving the configuration. For example, if the IP address of the TFTP server end station  
is 90.1.1.100, and you want to save the switch configuration in the file named config-1 under the directory /back_dir,  
enter the following:  
SmartSwitch# backup switch  
ServerIP() : 90.1.1.100  
Path() : /back_dir/config-1  
SmartSwitch #  
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ATM Routing  
Switch Administration  
The switch stores the IP address of the TFTP server, the path, and the backup file name. The next time you enter the  
backupor restorecommands, these values are presented as the default IP address and path. For example, when you  
enter the restorecommand, the following display appears:  
SmartSwitch# restore switch  
ServerIP(90.1.1.100) :  
Path(/back_dir/config-1) :  
SmartSwitch #  
Backup file is valid.  
Restoring a backup file will completely replace any data stored in the flash.  
Are you sure this is what you want to do?  
Confirm(y/n)?: y  
SmartCell ZX #  
Note  
You must reboot the switch for the restoreto take effect.  
4.2 ATM ROUTING  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 default routing protocol is PNNI version 1.0. PNNI provides automatic and dynamic  
connectivity among all PNNI nodes within the same peer group. For purposes of interoperability, however, the  
SmartSwitch 9A100 also supports these additional ATM routing protocols:  
IISP — Use to connect with devices that do not support PNNI  
UNI — Use to connect end stations (also to connect devices whose implementation of ILMI is  
incompatible with the SmartSwitch 9A100)  
Note  
Both IISP and UNI routes are created and modified using the ATMRoutecommand.  
The proper route type is determined by the SmartSwitch 9A100 through interface  
signaling information.  
4.2.1  
Creating an IISP Route  
Use the add ATMRoutecommand to create an IISP route that links the SmartSwitch 9A100 to a device that supports  
only IISP routing. For example,  
1. Physically connect port b2of the SmartSwitch 9A100 to the IISP device.  
2. Enter show NetPrefixto determine the net prefix of port b2on the SmartSwitch 9A100:  
SmartSwitch # show netprefix b2  
Port  
==============================================================================  
B2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80  
NetPrefix  
SmartSwitch #  
3. Determine the address of the IISP device. (For this example, this could be a port address, we use  
52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80)  
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Switch Administration  
ATMRouting  
4. Enter the add ATMRoutecommand to create a static route to the IISP device:  
SmartSwitch # add atmroute  
PortNumber(A1) : b2  
AtmAddress() : 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80  
PrefixLength(104) :  
Index(0) :  
Type(Internal) :exterior  
Scope(0) :  
MetricsTag(0) :  
SmartSwitch #  
Note  
The add ATMRoutecommand allows you to specify a set of metrics to be used with  
the route. For more on metrics and metric tags, see Section 4.2.3 “Route Metrics.”  
5. Enter the show ATMRoutecommand to determine whether the route was created:  
SmartSwitch # show atmroute  
AddressNumber(ALL)  
:
No. Port Route Address  
Type Protocol  
================================================================================  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:80  
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:81  
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00  
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:e9:80  
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:f5:00  
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
MGMT  
MGMT  
PNNI  
PNNI  
PNNI  
MGMT  
MGMT  
B4 47:00:79:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:a0:3e:00:00:01  
B2 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80  
SmartSwitch #  
The route to the IISP device appears on the last line (Route No. 7).  
6. Create a route on the IISP device that refers to the net prefix  
(39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80) of port b2on the SmartSwitch 9A100.  
Note  
For IISP routes to work with certain devices, ILMI may also need to be disabled  
on the SmartSwitch 9A100. Use the set PortConfigcommand to disable ILMI  
on the SmartSwitch 9A100 on a per-port basis.  
IISP Routing Considerations  
When creating routes between the SmartSwitch 9A100 (running PNNI) and IISP devices, the criteria that characterize  
IISP connectivity still apply. To reach a SmartSwitch 9A100 within the PNNI domain, the IISP device must have a  
configured route that points directly to a port on the target SmartSwitch 9A100. Conversely, there must be a  
SmartCell 9A100 that has a direct physical link (and a route over that link) to the IISP device. The following two  
examples illustrate this point.  
In Figure 4-1 Switch A is an IISP device connected to the PNNI domain through Switch B. Switch A contains an LEC,  
which is a member of an ELAN whose LECS is on Switch C (within the PNNI domain). If the LEC on Switch A is to  
make contact with the LECS on Switch C, Switch A must contain an IISP route (denoted by the dotted line) directly  
to switch C. Furthermore, Switch B must contain a route to switch A over the physical link that connects the two  
switches.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-3  
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ATM Routing  
Switch Administration  
Note  
Dotted lines in the diagrams below represent one-way routes to the devices  
pointed to by the arrowheads. Each route is defined on the device from which the  
dotted line originates.  
A
B
LEC  
Physical link  
IISP route  
C
LECS  
IISP Domain  
PNNI Domain  
Figure 4-1 IISP route across PNNI domain  
A second IISP device (Switch D) is added behind Switch A. If Switch D also needs to reach Switch C for LECS  
support, you must define additional IISP routes between Switches D and C, B and D, and A and D. Figure 4-2 shows  
the typical “route to every point reached” IISP topology.  
D
A
B
LEC  
LEC  
Physical link  
IISP route  
C
LECS  
IISP Domain  
PNNI Domain  
Figure 4-2 Routes needed for a second IISP switch  
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Switch Administration  
ATMRouting  
4.2.2  
UNI Routes  
Use the add ATMRoutecommand to create UNI routes. For example, connect an end station adapter (with MAC address  
00:11:22:33:44:55) to port A2 of the SmartSwitch 9A100. If the adapter does not support ILMI or its ILMI is  
incompatible with the SmartSwitch 9A100, you must create a static UNI route between the adapter and port A2 of the  
SmartSwitch 9A100.  
1. Enter the show netprefixcommand to obtain the netprefix of port A2  
SmartSwitch # show netprefix  
PortNumber(ALL)  
Port# NetPrefix  
============================================================================  
A2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00  
: a2  
SmartSwitch #  
2. Reconfigure the adapter with an ATM address made from the netprefix of port A2 and the adapter’s  
MAC address: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55:00.  
3. Use the add ATMRoutecommand to create a static UNI route that specifies port A2 and the adapter’s  
new ATM address.  
SmartSwitch # add atmroute  
PortNumber(A1)  
AtmAddress()  
PrefixLength(152)  
Index(0)  
Type(Internal)  
Scope(0)  
: a2  
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55:00  
:
:
:
:
:
MetricsTag(0)  
SmartSwitch #  
4. Enter the show ATMRoutecommand to check that the UNI route was added.  
SmartSwitch # show atmroute  
AddressNumber(ALL)  
:
No. Port Route Address  
Type Protocol  
================================================================================  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:80  
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:81  
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00  
A2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55  
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:e9:80  
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:f5:00  
B4 47:00:79:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:a0:3e:00:00:01  
B2 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80  
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
MGMT  
MGMT  
PNNI  
MGMT  
PNNI  
PNNI  
MGMT  
MGMT  
SmartCell ZX #  
The UNI route appears in the table as route number four (No. 4).  
Note  
For UNI routes to work with certain devices, ILMI may also need to be disabled  
on the SmartSwitch 9A100. Use the set PortConfigcommand to disable ILMI  
on the SmartSwitch 9A100 on a per-port basis.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-5  
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ATM Routing  
Switch Administration  
4.2.3  
Route Metrics  
Route metrics are assigned to routes using a metric tag (one of the input parameters for add ATMRoute). The metric tag  
specifies a particular pair of incoming and outgoing metrics contained within a list of metrics. Metrics are created using  
the add PNNIMetriccommand. Each metric pair specifies a set of values that describe a route’s Service Category, cell  
rates, bandwidth, and administrative weight. Locally, metric values determine the behavior of the link, while  
network-wide, PNNI’s Generic Call Admission Control (GCAC) assesses metrics when establishing calls.  
In the following example, a metric pair is created (with metric tag of nine) that specifies CBR as the Service Category,  
administrative weight of 200, Max Cell Rate of 1000 cells per second, and an Available Cell Rate of 750 cells per  
second.  
First, we create the outgoing member of the metric pair:  
SmartSwitch # add pnnimetrics  
MetricsTag(1)  
: 9  
TrafficDirection(Outgoing)  
ServiceCategory(UBR)  
GCAC_CLP(2)  
:
< 1st pair member, we accept the default  
: cbr  
:
AdminWeight(5040)  
: 200  
MaxCellRate(-1)  
: 1000  
AvailableCellRate(-1)  
MaximumCellTransferDelay(-1)  
CellDelayVariation(-1)  
CellLossRatioForCLP=0(-1)  
CellLossRatioForCLP=0+1(-1)  
CellRateMargin(-1)  
: 750  
:
:
:
:
:
:
VarianceFactor(-1)  
Next, we create the incoming member of the metric pair:  
SmartSwitch # add pnnimetrics  
MetricsTag(1)  
: 9  
TrafficDirection(Outgoing)  
ServiceCategory(UBR)  
GCAC_CLP(2)  
: incoming < 2nd pair member, we set as incoming  
: cbr  
:
AdminWeight(5040)  
: 200  
MaxCellRate(-1)  
: 1000  
AvailableCellRate(-1)  
MaximumCellTransferDelay(-1)  
CellDelayVariation(-1)  
CellLossRatioForCLP=0(-1)  
CellLossRatioForCLP=0+1(-1)  
CellRateMargin(-1)  
: 750  
:
:
:
:
:
:
VarianceFactor(-1)  
SmartSwitch #  
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IPRouting  
Enter show PNNIMetricto view the newly created metric pair:  
SmartSwitch # show pnnimetrics  
Metrics(ALL)  
:
Metrics Metrics Tag Direction Index  
GCAC CLP Admin Wt Service Categories  
================================================================================  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0x9  
0x9  
Incoming 0x10  
Outgoing 0x10  
Outgoing 0x1  
Outgoing 0x2  
Outgoing 0x4  
Outgoing 0x18  
Outgoing 0x1  
Outgoing 0x2  
Outgoing 0x4  
Outgoing 0x18  
CLP0+1  
CLP0+1  
CLP0+1  
CLP0+1  
CLP0  
200  
200  
CBR  
CBR  
UBR  
ABR  
NRTVBR  
CBR RTVBR  
UBR  
ABR  
NRTVBR  
CBR RTVBR  
0x111113  
0x111113  
0x111113  
0x111113  
0x111114  
0x111114  
0x111114  
0x111114  
5040  
5040  
5040  
5040  
5040  
5040  
5040  
5040  
CLP0  
CLP0+1  
CLP0+1  
CLP0  
9
10  
CLP0  
SmartSwitch #  
The newly created metric pair appears at the top of the list.  
Once the metric is created, we can specify its metric tag number within the definition of a route:  
SmartSwitch # add atmroute  
PortNumber(A1)  
AtmAddress()  
PrefixLength(104)  
Index(0)  
Type(Internal)  
Scope(0)  
: b2  
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:55:77:88  
:
:
:
:
MetricsTag(0)  
SmartSwitch #  
: 9  
< The index tag of our metric pair  
Administrative Weight and Parallel Routes  
A route’s administrative weight defines its desirability to the PNNI routing service with regard to computing a path to  
a particular location. The lower the administrative weight, the more desirable the route. For example, a route with  
administrative weight 200 is considered a better route than one with the default weight of 5040. As a result, the  
administrative weight provides a quantitative way to control which routes are favored for call set up.  
The ability to control the PNNI routing service in this fashion allows for parallel routes into an IISP domain to be  
weighted such that one route is designated as the default, while the other becomes the backup route. This  
default/backup routing topology is typically used where a link to a particular domain requires a high degree of  
reliability. If the default route becomes congested or reaches its bandwidth limit, the routing service can initiate load  
sharing by routing additional calls through the backup route.  
4.3 IP ROUTING  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch provides limited IP routing. IP routing allows switches that are not connected directly  
to Ethernet to communicate with an Ethernet-based network management system (NMS). The connection is made by  
adding IP routes on the non-connected switches that specify a client on a connected switch as their gateway to the  
Ethernet.  
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IP Routing  
Switch Administration  
Note  
SmartSwitch 9A100 IP routing performance is inadequate for routing between  
VLANs. If you need to create routes between VLANs on your  
SmartSwitch 9A100, use a router equipped with an ATM interface. Consult  
Cabletron Customer Support for recommended routers.  
For example,  
Switch SW1 and the NMS are on an Ethernet network with address 128.205.99.0.  
The IP address of SW1's Ethernet port is 128.205.99.254.  
The IP address of SW1's LANE client is 90.1.1.254.  
The IP address of SW2's LANE client is 90.1.1.33.  
SW2 is not physically connected to the Ethernet network.  
SW2 is connected to SW1 through PNNI, and are both part of the same emulated LAN.  
To reach SW2 with the Ethernet-based NMS, create an IP route that assigns SW1's switch client as SW2's default  
gateway to the network 128.205.99.0. Enter the following on SW2 (see Figure 4-3):  
SmartSwitch # add route  
DestNetIP() : 128.205.99.0 < address of the Ethernet network to reach  
GatewayIP() : 90.1.1.254  
< IP address of SW1's LANE client  
SmartSwitch #  
Switch SW2 can communicate with the NMS on the Ethernet network.  
To see the route, enter the show routecommand on SW2  
SmartSwitch # show route  
ROUTE NET TABLE  
destination  
gateway  
flags Refcnt Use  
Interface  
------------------------------------------------------------------------  
0.0.0.0  
90.1.1.0  
128.205.99.0  
0.0.0.0  
90.1.1.33  
90.1.1.254  
1
1
1
0
0
3
0
zn0  
zn1  
ei0  
1688  
5660  
------------------------------------------------------------------------  
ROUTE HOST TABLE  
destination  
------------------------------------------------------------------------  
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 lo0  
gateway  
flags Refcnt Use  
Interface  
5
0
0
------------------------------------------------------------------------  
SmartSwitch #  
Note  
The NMS must contain a route that specifies the Ethernet interface of the Ethernet  
connected switch as the gateway to the ELAN subnet.  
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Switch Administration  
EventsandAlarms  
Switch client  
on SW2, 90.1.1.33  
SW2  
ELAN  
Switch client on SW1 is  
defined as SW2’s  
gateway to the Ethernet  
NMS  
SW1  
Switch client  
on SW1,  
90.1.1.254  
Ethernet interface  
128.205.99.254  
Ethernet network 128.205.99.0  
Figure 4-3 IP routing through SW1 for connectivity to the Ethernet network  
4.4 EVENTS AND ALARMS  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch records and reports its operation in real-time through the use of events and alarms. An  
event is an occurrence of a significant activity. For instance, a port going down or a client joining an ELAN are  
examples of events. Alarms are a specific class of events defined as “events that the user needs to know about or attend  
to immediately.” Alarms do not always indicate switch faults. Alarms may also be informational events. For instance,  
“LECS Operational” is an example of an alarm that is not a switch fault, but is an activity that the user should know  
about immediately.  
4.4.1  
Event Categories  
Events are grouped into the following categories:  
Critical — Impacts the entire switch, leaving the system unavailable or in a degraded state  
Major — Impacts a feature of the switch, leaving the feature unavailable or in a degraded state  
Minor — Impacts the system or feature, leaving it in a sub-optimal state  
Informational — An occurrence of an activity that the user should know about  
Both events and alarms are stored within circular memory buffers. When the buffers become full, older events and  
alarms are overwritten by newer entries. Both events and alarms are stored in shared RAM. However, the 40 most  
recent alarms are also stored in flash RAM. Storing these 40 alarms in flash RAM makes them persistent between  
reboots of the SmartSwitch 9A100 and provides information about the state of the switch prior to reboot.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-9  
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Events and Alarms  
Switch Administration  
4.4.2  
Viewing Events and Alarms  
Use the show eventscommand to view a list of the currently logged events. For example,  
SmartSwitch # show events  
Index(ALL)  
:
0 MINOR EVENT  
000:00:08:410  
---------------------------------------------------  
SAAL connection has become active, initiated by the peer  
Port ID 0x0000000b  
Protocol 0x02  
1 MINOR EVENT  
000:00:08:578  
---------------------------------------------------  
SAAL connection has become active, initiated by the peer  
Port ID 0x0000000b  
Protocol 0x02  
2 MINOR EVENT  
000:00:29:560  
---------------------------------------------------  
Sendto failed for IP address 206.61.231.153  
More(<space>/q)?:  
Events are displayed in the following format:  
Event number — The index number of the event in the circular buffer  
Event ID — A unique ID assigned to the event  
Time — Time of event, in switch up-time in hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds  
Category — Whether this event is critical, major, minor, or informational  
Object — The object affected by the event (port, LEC, and so on)  
Description — Brief message describing the event  
Event messages can be automatically displayed on the SmartSwitch 9A100 console. Use the set EventDisplay  
command to display events on the console as they occur:  
SmartSwitch # set eventdisplay  
EventDisplay(OFF)  
SmartSwitch #  
: on  
Note  
Depending on the activity of your SmartSwitch 9A100, the appearance of events  
may be too frequent to use the console comfortably. It is recommended that you  
turn on the automatic display of events only when troubleshooting.  
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Switch Administration  
PVCConnections  
Use the show alarmscommand to view a list of the currently logged alarms. For example,  
SmartSwitch # show alarms  
Index(ALL)  
:
0 000:00:31:164  
---------------------------------------------------  
LECS Operational  
---------------------------------------------------  
Failed to re-establish SAAL connection  
Port ID 0x0000000b  
T309  
10000  
1 043:15:56:718  
---------------------------------------------------  
Failed to re-establish SAAL connection  
Port ID 0x0000000b  
T309  
10000  
2 043:29:55:392  
More(<space>/q)?:  
Alarms are displayed in the following format:  
Alarm number — The index number of the alarm in the circular buffer  
Alarm ID — A unique ID assigned to the alarm  
Time — Time of alarm, in switch up-time in hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds  
Object — The object affected by the alarm (port, LEC, and so on)  
Description — Brief message describing the alarm  
Alarm messages can be automatically displayed on the SmartSwitch 9A100 console. Use the set AlarmDisplay  
command to display alarms on the console as they occur:  
SmartSwitch # set alarmdisplay  
alarmDisplay(OFF)  
SmartSwitch #  
: on  
4.4.3  
Deleting Events and Alarms  
To delete events or alarms currently logged within your SmartSwitch 9A100, use the delete eventsand delete  
alarmscommands, respectively.  
4.5  
PVC CONNECTIONS  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 supports Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs), both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint.  
Use PVCs to connect devices (that do not support SVCs) to a switch’s local client. Also, use PVCs to make connections  
through the SmartSwitch 9A100 between devices that support only PVCs.  
Use point-to-point PVCs to connect one end node to another for two-way communication. Use point-to-multipoint  
PVCs to connect a broadcast end node to a group of receiving end nodes; traffic is one way.  
Note  
PVCs use traffic descriptors to define their traffic characteristics. If you are  
unfamiliar with traffic descriptors, see Section 4.6.1, “Traffic Descriptors.”  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-11  
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PVC Connections  
Switch Administration  
4.5.1  
Point-to-Point PVCs  
The procedure for setting up a PVC connection between two end nodes through the SmartSwitch 9A100 consists of  
specifying the ports and the virtual path and virtual channel identifiers (VPI and VCI).  
1. Use add trafficdescriptorto define a traffic descriptor to use with the PVC.  
SmartSwitch # add trafficdescriptor  
TrafficType(UBR)  
TrafficDescriptorType(2)  
PCRCLP01(100)  
PCRCLP0(0)  
SCRCLP01(0)  
SCRCLP0(0)  
MBSCLP01(0)  
MBSCLP0(0)  
QOSCLASS(1)  
AalType(5)  
: cbr  
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
SmartSwitch #  
For this example, we specify CBR as the traffic type, then take the remaining defaults. Enter the show  
trafficdescriptorcommand to obtain the index number of the new traffic descriptor. In this example, the index  
number is two (2).  
SmartSwitch # show trafficdescriptor  
==================================================================================  
TD# Traff  
Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal  
Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type  
CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1  
==================================================================================  
Type  
2
CBR  
2
2
1
1
0
0
100  
1585  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
176 NRTVBR  
SmartSwitch #  
2. Use add pvcto create the PVC; specify the ports through which the connection is established, the  
VPI/VCI pair to use with each port, and the traffic descriptor to use.  
SmartSwitch # add pvc  
ConnType(PTP)  
LowPortID()  
LowVPI()  
:
: c1  
: 0  
<we specify port c1  
<we specify VPI = 0  
LowVCI()  
: 100 <we use VCI = 100  
HighPortID()  
HighVPI()  
: b2  
: 0  
<we specify port b2  
HighVCI()  
: 100  
: 2  
: 2  
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex()  
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex()  
SmartSwitch #  
<we use our created traffic descriptor  
<we use our created traffic descriptor  
The example above creates a PVC between ports C1 and B2 with VPI/VCI = 0/100.  
3. Plug the end nodes into the specified SmartSwitch 9A100 ports (C1 and B2).  
4. Configure each end node with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and VPI/VCI pair = 0/100.  
The end nodes can communicate with each other through the point-to-point PVC connection.  
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Switch Administration  
PVCConnections  
4.5.2  
Point-to-Multipoint PVCs  
Instructions in this section describe how to set up a point-to-multipoint connection through your SmartSwitch 9A100.  
Example: Create a point-to-multipoint connection between a broadcasting workstation on port A1 and three other  
workstations connected to ports B2, B3, and C1.  
1. Use add trafficdescriptorto create two new traffic descriptors, one for the forward direction,  
the other for the backward direction. For this example, for the forward traffic descriptor, we select  
UBR and accept the defaults.  
SmartSwitch # add trafficdescriptor  
TrafficType(UBR)  
TrafficDescriptorType(11)  
PCRCLP01(100)  
PCRCLP0(0)  
SCRCLP01(0)  
SCRCLP0(0)  
MBSCLP01(0)  
MBSCLP0(0)  
<this is the forward descriptor  
<we use UBR for this example  
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
<we take the default values  
QOSCLASS(0)  
AalType(5)  
md1 #  
However, on a point-to-multipoint connection there should be no traffic in the backward direction, so we define the  
backward traffic descriptor with its Cell Loss Priorities set to zero (0).  
md1 #add trafficdescriptor  
TrafficType(UBR)  
TrafficDescriptorType(11)  
PCRCLP01(100)  
PCRCLP0(0)  
<this is the backward descriptor  
:
:
:0  
:
<we set everything to zero  
SCRCLP01(0)  
:
SCRCLP0(0)  
:
MBSCLP01(0)  
:
MBSCLP0(0)  
:
QOSCLASS(0)  
:
AalType(5)  
:
SmartSwitch #  
2. Use show trafficdescriptorto obtain the new traffic descriptors’ index numbers.  
SmartSwitch # show trafficdescriptor  
==================================================================================  
TD# Traff  
Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal  
Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type  
CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1  
==================================================================================  
Type  
2
6
7
CBR  
UBR  
UBR  
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
100  
100  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
11  
11  
2
176 NRTVBR  
1585  
SmartSwitch #  
In the example above, traffic descriptor six (6) will be used in the forward direction, and traffic descriptor seven (7)  
will be used in the backward direction.  
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PVC Connections  
Switch Administration  
3. Use add pvcto successively create point-to-multipoint PVCs for ports B2, B3, and C1.  
SmartSwitch # add pvc  
ConnType(PTP)  
LowPortID()  
LowVPI()  
: pmp  
: a1  
: 0  
LowVCI()  
HighPortID()  
HighVPI()  
: 101  
: b2  
: 0  
HighVCI()  
: 101  
: 6  
: 7  
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex()  
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex()  
SmartSwitch #  
4. Perform step 3 for ports B3 and C1.  
5. Connect the workstations to their respective ports.  
6. Configure the workstations for the same subnet and VPI/VCI pair = 0/101.  
The broadcasting workstation on port A1 can send traffic to the receiving workstations on ports B2, B3, and C1.  
4.5.3  
Connecting to Local Switch Client Through a PVC  
All PVC connections to the SmartSwitch 9A100 local clients use B4 (the CPU port) as the HighPort.  
Follow these instructions to connect an end node to a SmartSwitch 9A100 local client through a point-to-point PVC.  
1. Use add pvcto create the PVC.  
SmartSwitch # add pvc  
ConnType(PTP)  
LowPortID()  
LowVPI()  
:
<we use a point-to-point PVC  
<for this example, we connect through port a1  
: a1  
: 0  
LowVCI()  
HighPortID()  
HighVPI()  
: 100  
: b4  
: 0  
<HighPort must be b4  
HighVCI()  
: 100  
: 2  
: 2  
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex()  
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex()  
SmartSwitch #  
2. Use add ipatmclientto create the IP over ATM local client.  
SmartSwitch # add ipatmclient  
ClientNumber(0)  
ServerType(NONE)  
ServerAddress()  
IPAddress()  
: 2  
<we use client # 2 in this example  
: local <ARP server on the switch  
:
: 10.1.1.0  
NetMask(255.0.0.0)  
MTU(9180)  
:
:
SmartSwitch #  
3. Use add ipatmpvcto associate the end node’s IP address with the PVC.  
SmartSwitch # add ipatmpvc  
ClientNumber(0)  
DestinationIP()  
DestinationVPI(0)  
DestinationVCI(33)  
SmartSwitch #  
: 2  
<specify local client number  
: 10.1.1.22 <end node’s IP address  
:
: 100  
<VCI was specified as 100  
4. Connect the end node to port A1 of the SmartSwitch 9A100.  
5. Configure the end node with IP address 10.1.1.22, subnet mask 255.0.0.0, and VPI/VCI pair = 0/100.  
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PVCConnections  
4.5.4  
Non-zero VPIs  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 uses 12 bits to define VPI/VCI pairs. The vccmaskdetermines how many of the 12 bits are  
used for the VPI and how many are used for the VCI. The vccmaskuses a 2-bit register to hold four different VPI/VCI  
12-bit combinations. Table 4-1 shows the registers and the values that come preconfigured on the SmartSwitch 9A100.  
Table 4-1 Values for VPI and VCI  
VCC Mask Index VPI Bits  
VPI Values  
0
VCI Bits  
VCI Values  
0 to 4096  
0 to 1023  
0 to 255  
0
1
2
3
0
2
4
6
12  
10  
8
0 to 3  
0 to 15  
0 to 63  
6
0 to 63  
Use the show vccmaskcommand to view the four preconfigured VPI/VCI combinations.  
SmartSwitch # show vccmask  
MaskIndex  
VpiShift  
VciShift  
(In bits)  
(In bits)  
============================================================================  
0
1
2
3
0
2
4
6
12  
10  
8
6
SmartSwitch #  
VCCMask combinations dictate what numerical values can be used for VPI/VCI pairs. Any VPI and VCI pairs that fit  
the bit distribution of one of the indexed combinations can be used for defining a PVC. If the VPI and VCI values do  
not fit one of the indexed combinations, the SmartSwitch 9A100 uses the closest matching indexed combination.  
If you need to use values for VPI and VCI that do not fall within the range of one of the preconfigured indexed  
combinations, use the set vccmaskcommand to replace one of the preconfigured combinations.  
For example, change VCCMask indexed combination zero (0) from VPI = 0 bits and VCI = 12 bits to  
VPI = 3 bits and VCI = 9 bits.  
1. Use set vccmaskto change the VPI/VCI values to 3/9.  
SmartSwitch # set vccmask  
MaskIndex(0)  
VPIShift(0)  
VCIShift(12)  
SmartSwitch #  
: <we replace the first VPI/VCI pair  
: 3  
: 9  
2. Use the show vccmaskcommand to see the new VPI/VCI combination.  
SmartSwitch # show vccmask  
MaskIndex  
VpiShift  
VciShift  
(In bits)  
(In bits)  
============================================================================  
0
1
2
3
3
2
4
6
9
10  
8
<for index 0, VPI/VCI now equals 3/9  
6
SmartSwitch #  
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PVC Connections  
Switch Administration  
3. Use the set portconfigcommand to reconfigure a port to use the new values for VPI and VCI. For  
example, to set up a PVC on port A1 using the new VPI/VCI bit ranges (3/9), enter  
SmartSwitch # set portconfig a1  
PortAdminStatus(up)  
IlmiAdminStatus(enable)  
IlmiAddressRegistration(enable)  
IlmiConnectivity(enable)  
SigType(autoConfig)  
SigRole(other)  
:
:
:
:
:
:
InterfaceType(private)  
MaxVpiBits(0)  
MaxVciBits(12)  
:
: 3  
: 9  
:
MaxSvcVpi(7)  
MinSvcVci(32)  
:
MaxVccs(4096)  
:
SmartSwitch #  
4. Use show portconfigto see the change to port A1.  
SmartSwitch # show portconfig a1  
==================================================  
Port: A1  
--------------------------------------------------  
Parameter  
Configured  
Current  
--------------------------------------------------  
Sig Type  
autoConfig  
pnni10  
Sig Role  
other  
private  
3
9
symmetric  
private  
Interface Type  
Max vpi bits  
Max vci bits  
Max SVC vpci  
Min SVC vci  
Max Vccs  
0
9
<VPI on port A1 can now be any 3-bit number  
<VCI on port A1 can now be any 9-bit number  
7
0
32  
4096  
32  
4096  
--------------------------------------------------  
Other parameters  
--------------------------------------------------  
Port Admin Status  
Ilmi Admin Status  
Oper State  
UP  
Enabled AddressRegistration Connectivity  
UP  
Trans Type  
Media Type  
Bandwidth  
STS-3c  
MMF (S)  
155 MB  
SmartSwitch #  
PVCs can be configured for port A1 using VPI values from 0 to 7 and VCI values from 0 to 511.  
Note  
Note  
Do not set the VCI part of the VCCMask to fewer than 5 bits.  
Do not change the VCCMask for the CPU port (B4).  
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Switch Administration  
TrafficManagement  
4.6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT  
This section describes how the SmartSwitch 9A100 manages bandwidth and congestion. It briefly describes console  
commands that affect how the SmartSwitch 9A100 manages traffic. This section also provides guidelines for setting  
some traffic control parameters.  
Note  
For information on troubleshooting traffic congestion problems, see Chapter 5,  
“Troubleshooting.”  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 has extensive abilities for managing the flow of traffic. Traffic management includes all  
operations performed by the SmartSwitch 9A100 that ensure optimum switch throughput, where throughput is based  
on rate of packet loss, available bandwidth, and traffic processing overhead. Under most conditions, the  
SmartSwitch 9A100 can efficiently and automatically manage switch traffic. However, if necessary, you can adjust the  
switch traffic management parameters. For example, it might be necessary to adjust parameters for a port that carries  
a large amount of CBR traffic or a very large number of simultaneous connections.  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 provides console commands that affect traffic flow on a global, port, or category-of-service  
level. These console commands affect switch traffic flow by controlling  
Bandwidth allocation  
Call Admission Control (CAC) policies  
The service category for a connection  
Buffer memory allocation  
Threshold settings for anti-congestion routines  
Caution Do not change traffic control settings unless you have expert-level experience  
with ATM switching. Back up the switch configuration before making changes.  
Also, make notes of the changes you make to the traffic control parameters.  
4.6.1  
Traffic Descriptors  
Traffic characteristics of an ATM source are signaled through a set of traffic descriptors during connection  
establishment. The SmartSwitch 9A100 uses traffic descriptors for resource allocation during call set up and  
guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) across the connection. The source traffic descriptor is a set of parameters that  
describes the expected bandwidth utilization of a connection. You can set these parameters,  
Peak Cell Rate (PCR)  
Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) and Maximum Burst Size (MBS)  
Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) and Initial Cell Rate (ICR) — signaled through UNI4.0 signaling only  
Traffic descriptors vary for each QoS. If a connection is bi-directional, a traffic descriptor has to be assigned to each  
direction and need not be the same in both directions.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 user data cells are classified according to the state of a cell loss priority (CLP) bit in the header  
of each cell. A CLP 1 cell has a lower priority than a CLP 0 cell and is discarded first. Source traffic descriptors can  
specify CLP 0 cell traffic, CLP 1 cell traffic, or the aggregate CLP 0+1 traffic.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-17  
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Traffic Management  
Switch Administration  
Use the trafficdescriptorcommands to view, create, and delete traffic descriptors.  
For example, enter the show trafficdescriptorcommand to view all currently defined traffic descriptors.  
SmartSwitch # show trafficdescriptor  
==================================================================================  
TD# Traff  
Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal  
Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type  
CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1  
==================================================================================  
Type  
2
6
7
CBR  
UBR  
UBR  
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
100  
100  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
11  
11  
2
176 NRTVBR  
1585  
SmartSwitch #  
Note  
You cannot use the default traffic descriptors for user-defined PVCs. All traffic  
descriptors used to define PVCs must be created by the user.  
The Descriptor Type parameter in the example above corresponds to the traffic descriptor types defined in the  
UNI3.0/UNI3.1 specification. Descriptor types are specified numerically and correspond to the descriptions in  
Table 4-2.  
Table 4-2 Traffic descriptor type number explanation  
Type Number  
Descriptor Characteristics  
1
No Traffic Descriptor  
2
Traffic Descriptor with no CLP and no SCR  
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, no Tagging, and no SCR  
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, Tagging, and no SCR  
Traffic Descriptor with no CLP and SCR  
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, no Tagging, and SCR  
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, Tagging, and SCR  
Traffic Descriptor with CLP and best effort  
3
4
5
6
7
11  
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Switch Administration  
TrafficManagement  
A user-defined PVC must have user-defined traffic descriptors. For instance, if a video link over a PVC requires a  
constant data flow of 5000 kb/s and a peak cell rate of 8000 kb/s, create a traffic descriptor for CBR traffic that specifies  
5000 as the sustained cell rate and 8000 as the peak cell rate.  
SmartSwitch # add trafficdescriptor  
TrafficType(UBR)  
TrafficDescriptorType(2)  
PCRCLP01(100)  
PCRCLP0(100)  
SCRCLP01(0)  
: cbr  
: 3  
: 8000  
:
: 5000  
SCRCLP0(0)  
:
MBSCLP01(0)  
: 10000  
MBSCLP0(0)  
QOSCLASS(1)  
AalType(5)  
:
:
:
SmartSwitch #  
Each traffic descriptor is identified by a unique index number. Use the index number to specify which traffic descriptor  
to use when setting up a PVC. For example, the add pvccommand prompts you for the traffic descriptor index.  
SmartSwitch # add pvc  
ConnType(PTP)  
LowPort( )  
:
: b1  
LowVPI( )  
:0  
LowVCI( )  
:100  
HighPort( )  
: b2  
HighVPI( )  
:0  
HighVCI( )  
:100  
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex( )  
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex( )  
SmartSwitch #  
: 3 < forward traffic descriptor index  
: 2 < backward traffic descriptor index  
Notice in the example above that you can use different traffic descriptors for forward and backward traffic.  
4.6.2  
Call Admission Control Policy  
Call Admission Control (CAC) policy defines the bandwidth allocation scheme used by the CAC when setting up  
connections. The SmartSwitch 9A100 offers three schemes that can be set on a per-port, per-service class basis,  
Conservative  
Moderate  
Liberal  
Under conservative policy, the CAC allocates bandwidth closest to the requested bandwidth and QoS parameters.  
Conversely, liberal policy causes the CAC to allocate the least amount of bandwidth. And the CAC under moderate  
policy allocates intermediate amounts of bandwidth.  
Depending on the type of traffic on your network, each of these CAC policies has its advantages. For instance, liberal  
policy allows a larger number of connections over that of the conservative or moderate policy. Liberal policy assumes  
that the traffic pattern of individual VCs does not overlap most of the time. For example, if VC1 and VC2 are created  
under the liberal CAC policy, it’s assumed that the probability of both VCs sending large bursts of cells at the same  
time is relatively low. On the other hand, conservative policy assumes that there might be a larger overlap of traffic  
from different VCs, and provides each VC with bandwidth closer to the requested bandwidth. This higher bandwidth  
provides a guarantee of quality for each VC.  
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Traffic Management  
Switch Administration  
Use the command show CACEqBwAllocScheme to view the current CAC policies used by each port for each QoS and  
referenced by VPI.  
SmartSwitch # show caceqbwallocscheme  
PortID(ALL)  
Vpi(0)  
:
:
===========================================================  
Port#  
VPI  
Alloc Scheme  
for  
CBR  
RT-VBR NRT-VBR UBR  
ABR  
===========================================================  
A1  
A2  
A3  
A4  
B1  
B2  
B3  
B4(CPU)  
C1  
C2  
C3  
C4  
D1  
D2  
D3  
D4  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
LIB  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
CON  
SmartSwitch #  
If there are a large number of connections of a particular QoS on a particular port, and these connections begin to slow  
down and show signs of congestion, use the set CACEqBwAllocSchemecommand to change the CAC policy to  
moderate or conservative.  
SmartSwitch # set caceqbwallocscheme  
PortID(A1)  
: b2  
Vpi(0)  
:
SeriveCategory(CBR)  
AllocScheme(LIBERAL)  
SmartSwitch #  
: ubr  
:conservative  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 performs buffering using a shared-memory architecture. Buffer space is divided into queues  
for each QoS. In turn, ports are allocated some portion of each of the QoS queues. This allocation is controlled on a  
per-port basis by the porttrafficcongestioncommands.  
Qos is defined on an end-to-end basis in terms of cell loss ratio, cell transfer delay, and cell delay variation.  
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Switch Administration  
TrafficManagement  
For example, enter the show porttrafficcongestioncommand to view current buffer utilization.  
SmartSwitch # show porttrafficcongestion  
PortNumber(ALL)  
Port ID Queue 1  
Min Max  
============================================================================  
:
Queue 2  
Min Max  
Queue 3  
Queue 4  
Min Max  
Min  
Max  
A1  
A2  
A3  
A4  
B1  
B2  
B3  
B4(CPU)  
C1  
C2  
C3  
C4  
D1  
D2  
D3  
D4  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 2000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 1000  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
20 16384  
SmartSwitch #  
Min and Max are thresholds set on a per-queue, per-port basis and are measured in cells (53 bytes). The Min threshold  
is the amount of buffer space guaranteed to a call of a particular QoS on the corresponding port. The Max threshold is  
the maximum amount of buffer space that a call of a particular QoS is allowed on the corresponding port.  
QoS corresponds to the queues as follows:  
Queue 1 — Constant Bit Rate (CBR)  
Queue 2 — Real Time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR)  
Queue 3 — Non-real time Variable Bit Rate (Nrt-VBR)  
Queue 4 — Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)  
If calls of a particular QoS type are being dropped on a particular port, use the set porttrafficcongestioncommand  
to raise the port’s queue Min threshold.  
For example, to change both the Min and Max amounts of buffer space used for CBR calls on port a3, enter the  
following:  
SmartSwitch # set porttrafficcongestion  
Port(ALL)  
: a3  
Queue1MinimumCellCounter(20)  
Queue2MinimumCellCounter(20)  
Queue3MinimumCellCounter(20)  
Queue4MinimumCellCounter(20)  
Queue1MaximumCellCounter(1000)  
Queue2MaximumCellCounter(2000)  
Queue3MaximumCellCounter(1000)  
Queue4MaximumCellCounter(16384)  
SmartSwitch #  
: 1000 < Min for CBR queue  
:
:
:
: 10000 < Max for CBR queue  
:
:
:
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Traffic Management  
Switch Administration  
Quality of Service Queue Allocation Guidelines  
The following values are recommended settings for the Min and Max thresholds for the QoS queues under specific  
sustained traffic conditions. Use the settings in Table 4-3 as guidelines for threshold settings.  
Table 4-3 Settings for QoS queues  
QoS Queue  
CBR  
Recommended Settings  
fewer than 100 connections on a port: Min = 50, Max = 1000  
more than 100 connections on a port: Min = 100, Max = 1000  
bandwidth utilization less than 20%: Min = 10, Max = 1000*  
bandwidth utilization more than 20 %: Min = 100, Max = 4000*  
for port B4 (CPU): Min = 100, Max = 4000  
CBR  
rt-VBR  
rt-VBR  
Nrt-VBR  
Nrt-VBR  
UBR  
for all other ports: Min = 10, Max = 1000  
Min = 32, Max = 16,000  
* Use the show cacstatscommand to view bandwidth utilization.  
4.6.3  
EFCI, EPD, and RM Thresholds  
To control switch congestion, the SmartSwitch 9A100 implements standard resource management cell (RM-cell)  
marking, explicit forward congestion indicator cell marking (with backward RM cell marking), and early packet  
discard (EPD). These congestion control schemes are triggered when the number of cells within shared memory  
reaches user-definable thresholds. Use the switchtrafficcongestioncommands to view and set these thresholds.  
For example, enter the show switchtrafficcongestioncommand.  
SmartSwitch # show switchtrafficcongestion  
Switch Traffic Congestion Parameters  
============================================================================  
Queue 1 EFCI Threshold  
Queue 2 EFCI Threshold  
Queue 3 EFCI Threshold  
Queue 4 EFCI Threshold  
Low EPD Threshold  
: 4096 cells  
: 4096 cells  
: 4096 cells  
: 4096 cells  
: 10922 cells  
: 21845 cells  
: 30508 cells  
: ON  
High EPD Threshold  
Switch Discard Threshold  
RM Cell Marking Enable  
EFCI Cell Marking Enable  
SmartSwitch #  
: ON  
EFCI thresholds are set on a per-QoS-queue basis, while EPD thresholds are set with respect to the total amount of  
shared buffer used by all classes of service.  
For most types of traffic, EPD triggering is tied to the low EPD threshold. Signaling traffic, however, is tied to the high  
EPD threshold; this assures that signaling packets are discarded only when congestion is most severe.  
Use the set switchtrafficcongestioncommand to change thresholds for EFCI and EPD and to enable or disable  
RM and EFCI cell marking.  
4-22 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Switch Administration  
Upgrading and Changing Software  
Along with EFCI and backward RM cell marking, the SmartSwitch 9A100 uses standard RM cell marking. The switch  
discard threshold (show switchtrafficcongestion) corresponds to total shared buffer utilization and represents the  
point at which the switch considers itself congested and starts marking RM cells.  
Note  
The switch discard threshold is not user configurable and is shown only for  
information.  
For information on troubleshooting congestion problems, see Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.”  
4.7 UPGRADING AND CHANGING SOFTWARE  
This section describes the low-level boot load commands. Boot load commands are used for setting switch start-up  
behavior and for performing firmware downloads. Use the boot load commands to:  
Set which copy of the boot load firmware is the default copy  
Clear all configurations stored within the flash file system  
Check boot load firmware version numbers  
Load switch firmware upgrades  
Set whether power-on system tests (POST) are automatically run at start-up  
4.7.1  
Accessing the Boot Load Prompt  
Boot load commands are executed from the boot load prompt. The boot load prompt is not part of the switch console  
and is accessible only after a reboot and before the switch software is loaded. Consequently, the boot load commands  
can be used only through a terminal connection.  
Perform the following steps to gain access to the boot load prompt:  
1. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the RJ-45 terminal port on  
the front of the SmartSwitch 9A100.  
2. Enter the rebootcommand from the terminal.  
3. Wait for the following message to appear:  
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”  
4. Before the countdown reaches zero, press a key to access the boot load prompt. Notice that the boot  
load prompt (=>) differs from the prompt used by the switch console.  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-23  
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Upgrading and Changing Software  
Switch Administration  
4.7.2  
Boot Load Commands  
The following table describes the commands available from the boot load prompt, their use, and their associated  
parameters.  
Table 4-4 Boot load commands  
Command  
Action  
Parameters  
chpi  
Change default boot load image:  
chpi 0= set boot load image 0 as default  
chpi 1= set boot load image 1 as default  
Sets one of two images of the boot load  
software as the default. Default boot load  
image is executed at start-up.  
clfs  
dcfg  
Clear flash file system:  
none  
none  
Clear flash file system of all switch  
configuration information.  
Display boot load configuration:  
Displays revision numbers of both boot load  
images, the switch MAC address, and the file  
space (in hexadecimal) available for  
additional MAC addresses.  
Shows whether POST is set to run at switch  
start-up.  
df  
Download Software:  
df B= download boot load software  
df S= download switch operating software  
df P= download diagnostics (POST)  
Downloads software images from a  
TFTP/Bootp server.  
Different components of the switch software  
are downloaded, depending on the parameter  
used with this command.  
df(none) = download switch operating  
software  
go  
Run switch software:  
go V= run switch software, do not run POST  
Exit the boot load prompt, and run switch  
operating software.  
go P= run POST before running switch  
software  
go(none) = run switch software, do not run  
POST  
he  
Show help:  
he[<command>] = display help for command  
specified  
Displays help for a boot load command or  
displays list of all boot load commands.  
he= display list of all boot load commands  
ponf  
POST on or off:  
ponf V = run switch software after start-up  
timeout  
Changes start-up action: either run POST  
before running switch software or skip POST ponf P= run POST before running switch  
and go directly to switch software. software  
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Switch Administration  
Upgrading and Changing Software  
POST is downloaded into  
flash RAM by dfp  
ponfturns POST on and off.  
Image is downloaded into boot PROM by dfb  
chpisets which is the default boot image  
POST diagnostics  
initial boot routines  
boot image 1  
boot image 0  
MAC addresses  
SmartSwitch 9A100 switch  
operating software  
configuration storage  
boot PROM  
Cleared by clfs  
goruns switch software in  
DRAM  
Switch software is downloaded  
to flash RAM by dfs  
flash RAM  
Figure 4-4 Memory locations affected by the boot load commands  
4.7.3  
Upgrading Boot Load Software  
Two images of the boot load software reside in flash RAM. The two images are identified as boot load image 0 and  
boot load image 1. Both boot load images can be upgraded by using a TFTP/Bootp server. However, an upgrade is  
always written over the boot load image that is not currently running. This insures that if a boot load upgrade fails,  
there is still one good boot load image to fall back on.  
Follow the steps below to upgrade the switch boot load software.  
1. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.  
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make  
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.  
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100  
Terminal port.  
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 boot load software image into the appropriate location on the  
TFTP/Bootp server. (In this example, the software is copied to c:\tftpboot\images\boot.ima.)  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-25  
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Upgrading and Changing Software  
Switch Administration  
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:  
-
-
-
SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address  
IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface  
path to the image file on the TFTP/Bootp server  
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.  
7. When the following message appears,  
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”  
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.  
8. Enter the df Bcommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads  
the file into the boot load image location that corresponds to the boot load image not currently  
running. For example, if boot load image 0 is running, df Bdownloads the file into boot load image  
1, leaving boot load image 0 untouched.  
=>df b  
You've requested a Boot Load Software download  
Are you sure?(Y/N)y  
Initializing ethernet...  
Starting Bootp...  
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\boot.ima  
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\boot\boot.ima" .  
........................................................  
.................................................  
Validity checks of the Boot Load Software Downloaded file...  
All Validity checks OK  
Programming downloaded image into Boot Load Software1 area, please wait...  
New Boot Load Software programmed successfully.  
Modifying Control/Stat field to reflect new image change, please wait...  
Control/Stat field programmed successfully.  
Please reboot to execute new Boot Load Software  
=>  
9. If the new boot load software passes the validity checks, it is marked as the new default image. In  
the example above, boot load image 1 becomes the new default image.  
10. Reboot the SmartSwitch 9A100. The following message appears on the terminal screen:  
Preparing to run Default Boot Load Software: 1  
Enter 0 or 1 to override and force which Boot Load Software to run:  
Default Boot Load Software1 Status Good  
Boot Load Software1 Flash CRC checked OK  
Copied Boot Load Software1 text into DRAM  
Copied Boot Load Software1 data into DRAM  
Default Boot Load Software Good  
SmartSwitch Start-up Code Version 1.0.1, Sep 18 1997  
Copyright 1997, Cabletron Systems Inc.  
11. Notice that boot load image 1 (Boot Load Software1) is specified as the new default image.  
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Upgrading and Changing Software  
Changing the Default Boot Load Image  
Continuing with the example above, perform the following steps to set boot load image 0 back to being the default.  
1. Reboot the SmartSwitch 9A100.  
2. When the following message appears  
“Preparing to run Default Primary Image: 1  
Enter 0 or 1 to override and force one of these primary image sectors to run:”  
press the zero (0) key. The SmartSwitch 9A100 loads boot load image 0.  
3. Use the chpicommand to make boot load image 0 the default.  
=>chpi 0  
Old Default Primary Image Number: 1  
Erasing Sector in Primary Flash sector4  
Programming control/stat info into Primary Flash sector4  
New Default Primary Image Number: 0  
=>  
4. Reboot the SmartSwitch 9A100. Boot load image 0 is now used as the default image.  
Preparing to run Default Primary Image: 0  
Enter 0 or 1 to override and force one of these primary image sectors to run:  
4.7.4  
Upgrading POST Diagnostic Software  
1. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.  
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make  
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.  
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100  
Terminal port.  
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 diagnostic software image into the appropriate location on the  
TFTP/Bootp server. (In this example, the software is located at c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima.)  
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:  
-
-
-
SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address  
IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface  
path to the POST file on the TFTP/Bootp server  
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.  
7. When the following message appears,  
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”  
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.  
8. Enter the df Pcommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads  
the diagnostic software into flash RAM.  
=>df p  
You've requested a POST Software download  
Are you sure?(Y/N)y  
Initializing ethernet...  
Starting Bootp...  
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima  
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima" .  
............................................................................  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-27  
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Upgrading and Changing Software  
Switch Administration  
............................................................................  
............................................................................  
............................................................................  
.......................................  
Validity checks of POST software Downloaded file...  
All Validity checks OK  
Programming downloaded image into POST Software section, please wait...  
New POST Software programmed successfully  
=>  
9. Check whether the diagnostic download is successful by entering the go Pcommand. This forces  
the SmartSwitch 9A100 to run POST before starting the switch software.  
4.7.5  
Upgrading Switch Operating Software  
Note  
SmartSwitch 9A100 operating software can also be updated using the switch  
console update firmwarecommand. See Section 4.7.6, “Using the Update  
Firmware Command.”  
1. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.  
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make  
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.  
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100  
Terminal port.  
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch operating software image into the appropriate location on the  
TFTP/Bootp server. (In this example, the software is located at c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima.)  
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:  
-
-
-
SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address  
IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface  
path to the POST file on the TFTP/Bootp server  
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.  
7. When the following message appears,  
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”  
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.  
8. Enter the df scommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads  
the switch operating software into flash RAM.  
=>df s  
You've requested a Switch Software download  
Are you sure?(Y/N)y  
Initializing ethernet...  
Starting Bootp...  
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima  
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima" .  
...........................................................................  
...........................................................................  
...........................................................................  
...........................................................................  
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Switch Administration  
Upgrading and Changing Software  
...........................................................................  
...................................................  
Validity checks of the Switch Software Downloaded file...  
All Validity checks OK  
Programming downloaded image into Switch Software section, please wait...  
New Switch Software programmed successfully  
=>  
9. Check whether the switch download is successful by entering the gocommand.  
4.7.6  
Using the Update Firmware Command  
You can upgrade the operating software of the SmartSwitch 9A100 while the switch is running its current software.  
This procedure is known as a hot upgrade and is accomplished by the update firmwarecommand.  
When the 9A100 switch is started (or rebooted), it copies its operating software from flash RAM to the CPU’s program  
memory. When a hot upgrade is performed, the image in flash RAM is erased and replaced with the new software  
image. While the upgrade is occurring, the switch continues to run its copy in program memory. When the switch is  
rebooted, the new software image residing in flash RAM is copied into system memory and then run.  
To use the hot upgrade feature, the SmartSwitch 9A100 must have network access to an end station running TFTP  
server software. The SmartSwitch 9A100 operating software file must reside within the directory specified by the  
TFTP server software. Often, this directory is /tftpboot. However, it may be different with your TFTP server software.  
The following is an example of a hot upgrade:  
SmartSwitch # update firmware  
ServerIP()  
Path()  
: 214.95.77.240  
: luxor/server.ima  
You are updating the code image in the flash.  
Are you sure this is what you want to do?  
Confirm(y/n)?:y  
Verifying bootfile luxor/server.ima on 214.95.77.240... passed.  
Erasing Flash.  
Using TFTP to get and program bootfile luxor/server.ima from 204.95.77.240.  
2785K (2852012 bytes) received.  
Flash update succeeded.  
You will have to reboot for the new image to take effect.  
SmartSwitch #  
Notice that the update firmwarecommand does not use Bootp to find the TFTP server. Instead, the update firmware  
command requires that you specify the IP address of the TFTP server, the path to the image file, and the file name.  
Unsuccessful Update  
If the update firmwarecommand fails, DO NOT turn off or attempt to reboot your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch. In its  
current state, the operating software normally stored in flash RAM is erased. The switch is functioning only because  
it is running the image of the operating software that resides in volatile system memory.  
If possible, determine why the update firmwarecommand failed. Common causes for failure are:  
Incorrect path and file names  
Improper permission settings on the directory containing the upgrade software  
SmartSwitch 9A100 is not physically connected to the network  
SmartSwitch 9A100 cannot reach the TFTP server’s subnet  
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Saving Core Dumps  
Switch Administration  
If the problem is corrected, enter the update firmwarecommand to continue with the upgrade process. However, if  
you are unable to correct the problem, use the df(download flash) command and a TFTP/Bootp server to replace the  
operating software on your SmartSwitch 9A100. Follow the procedure outlined below:  
1. Set up TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.  
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make  
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.  
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100  
Terminal port.  
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 operating software image into the appropriate location on the  
TFTP/Bootp server.  
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with the SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address  
and IP address. You may also need to specify the path to the image file to be downloaded.  
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.  
7. When the following message appears,  
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt. “  
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.  
8. Enter the df scommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads  
the operating software into its flash RAM.  
=>df s  
You've requested a Switch Software download  
Are you sure?(Y/N)y  
Initializing ethernet...  
Starting Bootp...  
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima  
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima" .  
...........................................................................  
...........................................................................  
...........................................................................  
...........................................................................  
...................................................  
Validity checks of the Switch Software Downloaded file...  
All Validity checks OK  
Programming downloaded image into Switch Software section, please wait...  
New Switch Software programmed successfully  
=>  
9. Enter the gocommand to start the SmartSwitch 9A100.  
4.8 SAVING CORE DUMPS  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 core dump feature allows you to specify a local Ethernet host where, in the event of a system  
failure, the SmartSwitch 9A100 sends a copy of its memory. SmartSwitch 9A100 system memory is saved to two files,  
one containing CPU memory (core_cpu), the other common memory (core_cmn). These files can then be sent to  
Cabletron customer support for analysis.  
Note  
To use the core dump feature, the local Ethernet host must be running TFTP server  
software, and you must have write access to the TFTP directory.  
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Switch Administration  
SavingCoreDumps  
Enter the set CoreDumpcommand to enable the core dump feature. For example,  
SmartSwitch # set coredump  
EnableCoreDump(n)  
ServerIP()  
CoreDumpFile()  
userName()  
UserPassword()  
SmartSwitch #  
: y  
< “y” to enable core dump feature  
: 204.95.77.240  
: /tftpboot/bobr/core  
: bobr  
< IP address of my TFTP server  
< full path name for core dump files  
< login name on the server  
< password  
:
Note  
The set CoreDumpcommand uses FTP to create the core_cpuand core_cmn  
files. If your server does not run FTP, create these files manually. Then execute the  
set CoreDumpcommand.  
Note  
Note  
On UNIX systems, make sure that the permissions are set correctly so that data  
can be written.  
For security, the set CoreDumpcommand retains your password only long enough  
to create the core dump files. Your password is then dropped from system  
memory.  
To see the current core dump configuration, enter the show coredumpcommand.  
SmartSwitch # show coredump  
Core Dump Enabled  
: Yes  
Core Dump Server IP : 204.95.77.240  
Core Dump File  
SmartSwitch #  
: /tftpboot/bobr/core  
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Saving Core Dumps  
Switch Administration  
If a system failure occurs while the core dump feature is enabled, the SmartSwitch 9A100 console appears similar to  
the example below. The SmartSwitch 9A100 then begins sending images of its memory to the core dump files on the  
TFTP server.  
Illegal access. Bus Error.  
IP: e0103288  
r0(pfp): e04be040  
PFP: e04be080  
r1(sp): e04be0c0  
r2(rip): e00dd7dc  
r3  
r6  
r9  
r12  
r15  
: 00000000  
: 00000003  
: 00000003  
: 00000008  
: 00000008  
r4  
r7  
r10  
r13  
: e00f8f0c  
: e00f8f0c  
: 00000030  
: 00000001  
r5  
r8  
r11  
r14  
: e0409f10  
: e0409f40  
: e00f8f0f  
: e00d22f0  
d2000000: Core Dump  
Common DRAM dumped to /tftpboot/bobr/core_cmn  
CPU DRAM dumped to /tftpboot/bobr/core_cpu  
ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
*................*  
d2000010: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000020: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000030: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000040: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000050: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000060: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000070: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000080: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff  
d2000090: ffff  
*................*  
*................*  
*................*  
*................*  
*................*  
*................*  
*................*  
*................*  
SmartSwitch Start-up Code  
Cabletron Systems Inc.  
Copy the information displayed on the console and send it to your Cabletron customer support representative along  
with the core dump files.  
4-32 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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5 TROUBLESHOOTING  
This chapter provides basic troubleshooting for diagnosing and fixing problems with VLAN, emulated LANs, and  
ATM traffic congestion.  
5.1 TROUBLESHOOTING IP OVER ATM  
You have configured an IP over ATM VLAN, but your network applications are not working. Use these questions and  
tests to help determine the cause of the problem.  
1. Check for connectivity: Try pinging between end nodes and from the SmartSwitch 9A100 (using  
start ping) to its end nodes. If you cannot ping, check physical connectivity (disconnected cable  
and so on).  
2. Check IP routes and addresses.  
Use the show routecommand to check the SmartSwitch 9A100 route table.  
-
-
-
Are the destination addresses correct for the specified gateways?  
Are there any routing loops?  
Are one or more of the destination addresses mapped to the wrong subnet?  
Use show client(ARP server is on SmartSwitch 9A100) to check the local client.  
-
-
-
Does the client have the correct IP address?  
Is the subnet correct? Is the ATM address correct?  
Is the server type correct?  
Check end node configurations.  
Are end nodes configured correctly?  
3. Check ARP statistics.  
-
Use show ipatmarp(if the ARP server is on the SmartSwitch 9A100).  
-
-
Are there entries in the table?  
Are the ATM addresses correct?  
Use show clientarp(ARP server is not on SmartSwitch 9A100) to check local client’s ARP Table.  
-
-
Are there entries in the table? If not, recheck client and end node configuration.  
Are the ATM addresses correct?  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 5-1  
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Troubleshooting LAN Emulation  
Troubleshooting  
4. Check ILMI, UNI routes, and PVCs (if applicable).  
If using SVCs, use show ATMRouteto check whether static UNI routes are correct and whether  
dynamic UNI routes are established and correct. If dynamic routes are incorrect or missing, try  
creating static routes instead.  
If using PVCs, use show pvcto check if PVCs connect the correct resources through the correct  
ports.  
If using PVCs, use show ipatmpvcto check if local switch clients are mapped to the correct end node  
IP addresses.  
5. If working through these questions does not solve the problem, contact Cabletron Systems Customer  
Service. (See Appendix C, “Technical Support.”)  
5.2 TROUBLESHOOTING LAN EMULATION  
You have configured an Emulated LAN and your network applications are not working. Use these questions and tests  
to help determine the cause of the problem.  
1. Check for connectivity. Try pinging between end nodes. Ping from the SmartSwitch 9A100 (using  
start ping) to its end nodes. If you cannot ping, check physical connectivity (disconnected cable  
and so on).  
2. Check IP routes and addresses.  
Use show routecommand to check the SmartSwitch 9A100 route table.  
-
-
-
Are the destination addresses correct for the specified gateways?  
Are there any routing loops?  
Are one or more of the destination addresses mapped to the wrong subnet?  
Use show clientto check the SmartSwitch 9A100 local ELAN client.  
-
-
-
-
Does the client have the correct IP address?  
Is the subnet correct?  
Is the ATM address correct?  
Is the server type correct?  
Check end nodes configurations.  
Are end nodes configured correctly?  
3. If the ELAN spans multiple switches, check the following:  
-
-
-
Is the LECS address correct on all switches?  
Can all switches reach the switch providing LECS support?  
-
If using the Well Known LECS Address, are all switches correctly mapped?  
4. Check the LECS database.  
Use show lecselanto check the names and numbers of ELANs.  
-
-
Are ELAN names correct?  
Is the ATM address of the LES correct?  
5-2 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Troubleshooting  
TroubleshootingPNNILinks  
5. Check whether BUS is connected.  
Use show busclientto check whether devices are registered with the BUS. If clients are registered,  
check end node configuration. If not registered, check multi-point signaling.  
Use set leselanto turn off multi-point signaling on a per-ELAN basis.  
-
Do devices begin to register with the LES and BUS once multi-point signaling is turned off?  
Check IISP routes to the switch containing the LES and BUS.  
-
-
Are all IISP routes correct?  
Does a new IISP route need to be added so devices can reach the LES and BUS?  
6. If working through these questions does not solve the problem, contact Cabletron Systems Customer  
Service. (See Appendix C, “Technical Support.”)  
5.3 TROUBLESHOOTING PNNI LINKS  
You have physically connected another company’s ATM switch with your SmartSwitch 9A100. Each switch supports  
PNNI, but there is no connectivity between the two devices. Use the following procedure to diagnose and resolve the  
problem.  
Examine the link state on each switch (show PNNILinkon SmartSwitch 9A100).  
If the link does not appear in the Link list, check the following:  
-
Is the connecting port on each switch configured for PNNI? If no, configure both ports for  
PNNI.  
Note  
On the SmartSwitch 9A100, use the show portconfigcommand to determine  
whether the port is PNNI. If show portconfigdisplays autoConfigas the port  
configuration, use the set portconfigcommand to disable ILMI and manually  
set the port to PNNI.  
-
Examine the VCC masks for each switch. Are the switches using compatible VPI/VCI pairs? If  
not, adjust the VCC mask so that both switches use compatible VPI/VCI pairs.  
If link state is “attempt,” check the following:  
-
Is the PNNI peer group ID the same on both switches? If not, set both peer group IDs to the same  
value.  
-
Is the PNNI node ID the same for both switches? If not, set the PNNI node ID to the same value.  
Especially check that the first two octets (peer-group level and lowest-level node) of the node  
ID are the same for both switches.  
If the link state is “2WayInside,” check the ATM route tables on each switch (show ATMRouteon  
SmartSwitch 9A100).  
-
If the switches are supporting end systems or have clients, does the net prefix of each switch  
appear in the ATM route table of the other?  
If no, check both switches for signaling and ILMI misconfiguration.  
If yes, contact Cabletron Systems Customer Service.  
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Troubleshooting Congestion  
Troubleshooting  
5.4 TROUBLESHOOTING CONGESTION  
If the bandwidth of your SmartSwitch 9A100 begins to decrease, and if connections are being lost or packets are being  
dropped at a high rate, it’s possible that your switch is becoming congested. Congestion can occur on the port level,  
the global switch level, or both levels.  
If you suspect that your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch is experiencing congestion, follow the steps outlined below to  
diagnose and resolve the cause of congestion.  
5.4.1  
Diagnosing Congestion  
1. Enter the show portstatscommand, and take the default of (all).  
2. If cells are not being dropped on all ports, proceed to the “Port Congestion” section.  
3. If cells are being dropped on all ports, the indication is global congestion. Proceed to the “Global  
Congestion” section.  
5.4.2  
Global Congestion  
1. Is the total cell drop rate equal to the Unknown VC cell drop rate?  
If yes, the switch is improperly set up. Check the switch configuration.  
If no, this indicates global congestion. Continue.  
2. Set the porttrafficcongestionvalues to those recommended in the “QoS Queue Allocation  
Guidelines” section. Has the congestion subsided?  
If yes, you are done.  
If no, continue.  
3. Have you changed the EPD threshold?  
If yes, replace it to the default setting. If congestion subsides, you are done.  
If no, continue.  
4. Enter the show cacinfocommand for each port. Is the allocated bandwidth small and is the traffic  
mostly UBR?  
If no, go back to step 4 and check next port.  
If yes, continue.  
5. Enter the show porttrafficcongestioncommand. Is the UBR queue Max threshold large?  
If no, go back to 4.  
If yes, continue.  
6. Reduce the UBR queue Max threshold by a small amount, then wait a few minutes.  
7. Enter the show portstatscommand, and take the default of all. Is the number of cells dropped  
increasing for this port, and quickly decreasing for all other ports?  
If yes, proceed to the “Port Congestion” section.  
If no, continue.  
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Troubleshooting  
TroubleshootingCongestion  
8. Is the number of cells being dropped by all other ports decreasing somewhat?  
If no, go back to step 6.  
If yes, continue.  
9. Enter the set caceqbwallocscheme command and set call admission control for this port to a more  
conservative policy (moderateor conservative).  
10. Go back to step 4 until all ports have been checked.  
5.4.3  
Port Congestion  
1. Enter the show portstatscommand a few times, noting the value for cells dropped and unknown  
VCs dropped. Is the difference for cells dropped equal to the difference for VCs dropped?  
If yes, the switch is improperly set up. Check the switch configuration.  
If no, this indicates port congestion. Continue.  
2. Enter the show cacinfo command for this port. Note the bandwidth allocated for each Quality of  
Service on this port.  
3. For each class of service, enter the set porttrafficcongestioncommand. Set the Max threshold  
to the value recommended in the “Quality of Service Queue Allocation Guidelines” section.  
4. Have you performed step 3 for every class of service for this port?  
If no, go to step 3.  
If yes, continue.  
5. Enter the set caceqbwallocscheme command for this port. Set call admission control for this port  
to a more conservative policy (moderateor conservative).  
6. Check VC statistics for this port using either the show pvc /dor show svc /dcommand, whichever  
is appropriate.  
7. If the port belongs to the high virtual channel link (VCL), read the forward stats. If the port belongs  
to the low VCL, read the backward stats. If the port belongs to both high and low VCLs, read both  
stats.  
8. Is the number of cells received increasing?  
If no, go step 6.  
If yes, continue.  
9. Convert allocated bandwidth (kb/s) to cells (48 bytes).  
Bandwidth in cells = (1024 X Allocated Bandwidth) / 384  
where 384 = 48 cells X 8  
10. Is the Allocated Bandwidth less than the Cell Reception Rate?  
If no, go to step 6.  
If yes, this VC is misbehaving. Take appropriate action, for example, terminate the VC.  
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Troubleshooting Congestion  
Troubleshooting  
5-6 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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APPENDIX A SPECIFICATIONS  
This appendix describes the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch hardware, product features, technical specifications, and  
adapter pin-out descriptions.  
"s )832:˜6"2'/  
This section describes the hardware components of the SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM switch.  
.
Table A-1 Front panel LEDs  
LED  
Function  
FAIL (red)  
Normally OFF; ON indicates CPU failed.  
STATUS  
(amber)  
Normally OFF; ON indicates an error condition that prevents alarm information from being  
displayed to the console.  
POWER  
(green)  
Normally ON; OFF indicates the CPU is not receiving power from the power supply.  
RX DATA  
(green)  
Normally FLASHING intermittently if there is receive activity on the port; indicates the Ethernet  
port is up and receiving Ethernet frames.  
TX DATA  
(green)  
Normally FLASHING intermittently if there is transmit activity on the port; indicates the Ethernet  
port is up and transmitting Ethernet frames.  
2p›F The ‘MON' and ‘DIAG' functions are not used in this release.  
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Front Panel  
Specifications  
Figure A-1 illustrates the front panel of the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch.  
FAIL  
STATUS  
POWER  
RX DATA  
TX DATA  
Ejector  
Reset Button  
DATA  
NO SYNC  
Console Terminal  
(RJ-45)  
Ethernet Port  
(10Base-T)  
Ejector  
Figure A-1 SmartSwitch 9A100 front panel  
A-2 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Specifications  
TechnicalSpecifications  
"¢ :'%+2,%"/˜96'%,),%":,329  
Table A-2 Hardware specifications  
Specification  
Processor  
Value  
i960CF, 33 MHz  
2.5 Gbps, non-blocking  
Switching engine  
Max I/O ports  
45 for 6-slot chassis; 105 for 14-slot  
chassis  
Switch latency  
10 microseconds  
CPU DRAM memory 32 MB  
Buffer memory (cells) 32 K  
flash memory  
Serial port  
8 MB  
RS-232c compliant; RJ-45 connector  
IEEE 802.3 compliant; RJ-45 connector  
Ethernet port  
Table A-3 Physical specifications  
Specification  
Value  
Dimensions  
50.2 cm x 7 cm x 38.7 cm  
19.75" x 2.75" x 15.25"  
Product weight (with max I/O modules) 4.05 kg  
9 lbs  
Power requirements (typical)  
5V, 19 amps at chassis power bus (fully  
loaded)  
Power dissipation (typical)  
Operating temperature  
Operating humidity  
1,008,000 BTU/s (95 watts) (fully loaded)  
0 to 40 C (32 to 104 F)  
0% to 90% RH, non-condensing  
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Technical Specifications  
Specifications  
Table A-4 ATM port specifications  
Max. Rx  
power  
Min. Rx  
power  
Range  
Media  
Port Speed  
Framing  
Connector Max. Tx  
Power  
Min. Tx  
power  
SMF-IR 155 Mbps or STS-3 or STM-1 SC  
-8 dBm -15 dBm -7 dBm  
-28 dBm 15 Km  
622 Mbps  
STS-12 or STM-4  
SMF-LR 622 Mbps  
STS-12 or STM-4 SC  
--  
-3 dBm  
-7 dBm  
-28 dBm 40 Km  
MMF  
155 Mbps or STS-3 or STM-1 SC  
-19 dBm -14 dBm -14 dBm -31 dBm 2 Km  
622 Mbps  
STS-12 or STM-4  
Cat. 5  
UTP  
155 Mbps  
STS-3 or STM-1 RJ-45  
v
--  
--  
--  
100 m  
75 ohm 44.7 Mbps  
coax  
DS-3  
nonchannelized  
BNC,  
female  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
150 m to  
DSX  
75 ohm 44.7 Mbps  
coax  
DS-3  
nonchannelized  
BNC,  
female  
150 m to  
DSX  
75 ohm 34.3 Mbps  
coax  
E-3  
BNC,  
female  
150 m to  
DSX  
nonchannelized  
Table A-5 Protocols standards and specifications  
Protocol  
Standard  
Signaling  
ATM Forum UNI 3.0  
ATM Forum UNI 3.1  
ATM Forum UNI 4.0  
ATM Forum ILMI 3.0/3.1, 4.0  
ATM routing protocols  
LAN protocols  
IISP  
PNNI Phase 1.0  
UNI  
ATM Forum LANE 1.0 (Ethernet and Token Ring)  
IETF RFC 1577 Classical IP-ATM  
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Specifications  
TechnicalSpecifications  
Table A-6 Management standards and specifications  
Management Protocol  
Supported MIBs  
SNMPv1/SNMPv2c  
MIB II (RFC 1213)  
Interface Table MIB (RFC 1573)  
AToM MIB (RFC 1695)  
AToM2 MIB (pre-standard)  
LANE MIB (ATM Forum)  
ILMI 4.0 MIB (ATM Forum)  
IP over ATM MIB (pre-standard)  
IISP  
PNNI MIB  
Switch hardware MIB  
Table A-7 RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter (PC serial port adapter)  
RJ-45 Pin  
RJ-45 Color  
Blue  
DB-9 Pin  
DB-9 Description  
1
4
5
2
3
5
Receive  
Transmit  
Ground  
Red  
Green  
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Technical Specifications  
Specifications  
A-6 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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APPENDIX B AGENT SUPPORT  
This appendix briefly describes the support provided for managing the SmartSwitch 9A100 using Simple Network  
Management Protocol (SNMP).  
B.1 MIB, SMI, MIB FILES AND INTERNET MIB  
HIERARCHY  
A MIB (Management Information Base) is the term used to represent a virtual store of management data on a device.  
Given the structure of management data, it can be operated upon (retrieved, created or modified) using the SNMP  
protocol. The structure of that data is defined using a subset of a notation called Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1).  
This subset is called SMI (Structure of Management Information). A file containing the definition of that structure is  
called a MIB file. To provide for a uniform naming convention for all MIBs, from all vendors, for all kinds of data, a  
standard format is used. This format is a hierarchy and is termed the Internet MIB Hierarchy.  
The MIB structure is logically represented by a tree hierarchy (see Figure B-1). The root of the tree is unnamed and  
splits into three main branches: Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT),  
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and joint ISO/CCITT.  
These branches and those that fall below each category have short text strings and integers to identify them. Text  
strings describe object names, while integers allow computer software to create compact, encoded representations of  
the names. For example, the ZeitNet MIB variable znIpAtmClient is an object name and is also represented by the  
number one.  
An object identifier in the Internet MIB hierarchy is the sequence of numeric labels on the nodes along a path from the  
root to the object. The object for the Internet Standard for MIB II is represented by the object identifier 1.3.6.1.2.1. It  
also can be expressed as iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib (see Figure B-1).  
Note  
For the authoritative reference on the concepts described in this section, refer to  
RFCs 1901 through 1908.  
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MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy  
Agent Support  
t
root  
joint  
ISO/CCITT  
2
CCITT  
0
ISO  
1
org  
3
DOD  
6
internet  
1
directory  
1
mgmt  
2
experimental  
3
private  
4
MIB  
1
Label from the root to  
this point is 1.3.6.1.2.1  
Figure B-1 Internet MIB hierarchy  
B.1.1  
ZeitNet Cabletron Proprietary MIBs  
The location of some of ZeitNet proprietary MIBs in the Internet hierarchy is shown in Figure B-2. All nodes starting  
with “zn” represent Zeitnet objects.  
The private ZeitNet MIB is represented by the object identifier 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295, or  
iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprise.zeitnet. The ZeitNet proprietary MIBs include the subtrees shown in Figure B-2.  
B-2 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Agent Support  
MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy  
.
MIB  
1
Label from the root to  
this point is 1.3.6.1  
atomMIB  
37  
Private  
4
enterprise  
1
znSwitchObjedcts  
3333  
atmForum  
353  
ZeitNet  
1295  
znAdminPolicyVal  
znCommonMIB  
199  
znProducts  
1
znManagedObjects  
202  
2
znTrapObjs  
301  
znIpAtm  
200  
znCommonObjs  
300  
Figure B-2 ZeitNet Private MIBs  
In Figure B-2, the ZeitNet proprietary group is identified by 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295; its subgroup, called znProducts, is  
identified by 1; and the first variable is znManagedObjects with a value of 2. Therefore, the object znManagedObjects  
has an object identifier of 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.  
B.1.2  
Relation Between Object Identifier and the Represented Value  
In Figure B-3, the znLec object (representing Lan Emulation Client information) has an Object Identifier of  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.1. The znLecDDCount object representing the number of Data direct connections  
maintained by one LEC (Lan Emulation Client) has a object identifier of 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.1.1.1. Querying  
for the value represented by this object identifier (using the SNMP protocol), returns the actual number of data direct  
connections for the identified LEC.  
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MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy  
Agent Support  
:
Label from the root to this point  
is 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295  
znManagedObjects  
2
znIpATM (1295.2.200)  
znCommon (1295.2.300)  
znTrap (1295.2.301)  
znIisp (1295.2.3333)  
znLec (1295.2.3333.9.1.1)  
znLecDDCount (.1.1)  
Figure B-3 ZeitNet Cabletron SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB object identifier  
example  
B.1.3  
Supported protocols  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 supports Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Both the SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c  
formats of the protocol are supported.  
B.1.4  
Supported SMI Formats  
Zeitnet proprietary MIBs are defined using SNMPv2 format of the SMI.  
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Agent Support  
MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy  
B.1.5  
Zeitnet Cabletron Proprietary MIB Groups  
The following table of Zeitnet proprietary MIB groups lists group name, object identifier, and group function.  
Table B-1 Zeitnet proprietary MIB groupings  
Name  
Object Identifier  
Function  
zeitnet  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295  
All Zeitnet Proprietary Objects  
ZeitNet product specific  
znProducts  
znManagedObjects  
znIpAtm  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2  
Various classes of Managed entities  
IP ATM services  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.200  
znIpAtmClient  
znIpAtmServer  
znCommonObjs  
znTrapObjs  
znSwitchObjects  
znSystem  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.200.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.200.2  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.300  
IP ATM Client Services  
IP ATM Server Services  
Zeitnet Specific Information  
ZeitNet Traps  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.301  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.1.34  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.2  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.3  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.4  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.4.3  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.5  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.8  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.1  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.2  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.3  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.4  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.12  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.13.2  
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.13.5  
Switch/hardware specific information  
Hardware and software system level information  
Neighbor switch configuration  
Switch software configuration management.  
Switch Module information.  
Switch Port Information.  
znSwitchDiscoveryTable  
znConfig  
znModule  
znPort  
znPortTrafficCongTable  
znSignalling  
znSar  
Traffic management  
Signalling timer information  
SAR specific information.  
Zeitnet Lane Services Group  
Zeitnet LAN Emulation Group  
LAN Emulation Client Specific  
Lan Emulation Server Specific  
Broadcast and Unknown Server information.  
Lan Emulation Configuration Server Info  
SSCOP Configuration  
znVlan  
znLanEmulation  
znLec  
znLes  
znBus  
znLecs  
znSSCOP  
znEventTable  
znEventAlarmTable  
Event table  
Alarm table  
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MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy  
Agent Support  
B.1.6  
SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB Support  
The SmartSwitch 9A100 is shipped with the following MIBs:  
MIB II (RFC 1213)  
Interface Table MIB (RFC 1573)  
AToM MIB (RFC 1695)  
AToM2 MIB (pre-standard)  
LANE MIB (ATM Forum)  
ILMI 4.0 MIB (ATM Forum)  
IP over ATM MIB (pre-standard)  
SmartSwitch 9A100 Switch MIBs (proprietary)  
Note  
Along with the MIBs, the diskette also contains a README file and the release  
note.  
B.1.7  
MIB Exceptions  
With the current implementation of MIB files, conformance to ATM standards for the SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM  
switch includes the following exceptions.  
Non-Conformance  
atmInterfaceIlmiVpi — Read-only  
atmInterfaceIlmiVci — Read-only  
aal5VccTable — Not supported  
atmSvcVcCrossConnectRowStatus Set — Not supported  
atmConfigSigType — The values given below are not supported:  
-
-
ituDss2  
atmfBici2Dot0  
znIpAtmClientDDVcType — Accepts only pvc(2) in sets  
lecMulticastSendType — Accepts only best effort (1)  
lecMulticastSendAvgRate — Accepts values only up to 370370  
lecMulticastSendPeakRate — Accepts values only up to 370370  
leArpEntryType — Accepts only staticVolatile (4) and staticNonVolatile (5)  
lesControlTimeout — Read-only  
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Agent Support  
ManagingtheSmartSwitch 9A100  
Not Supported  
The following MIB objects are not supported. If used, these objects return either the value zero or the message, “Not  
supported.”  
atmInterfaceMaxVpcs  
atmInterfaceConfVpcs  
atmInterfaceDs3PlcpTable  
atmInterfaceTCTable  
atmVplTable  
atmVpCrossConnectIndexNext  
atmVpCrossConnectTable  
atmSvcVpCrossConnectTable  
atmSigSupportTable  
atmSigDescrParamTable  
atmIfAdminAddrTable  
atmVclAddrBindTable  
atmAddrVclTable  
atmVplStatTable  
atmVplLogicalPortTable  
atmVclGenTable  
atmfMyOsiNmNsapAddress  
atmfVpcTable  
lecRouteDescrTable  
leRDArpTable  
B.2 MANAGING THE SmartSwitch 9A100  
Your SmartSwitch 9A100 must be IP reachable by the network management system (NMS) before it can be managed.  
The default connection between the SmartSwitch 9A100 and the NMS is the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.  
Use the show SwitchConfigcommand to find the IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100. An NMS can use this IP  
address to reach the SmartSwitch 9A100 through Ethernet. An NMS can also manage the SmartSwitch 9A100  
through one of its ATM ports if the SmartSwitch 9A100 has a client connection into a VLAN or emulated LAN.  
Note that the SmartSwitch 9A100 itself, is not reachable through ATM until a client for the switch is created and  
participates as a member of a VLAN or ELAN. Your NMS uses that switch client’s address to access and manage the  
switch.  
To create a client for the switch, use the add IPATMClientcommand for VLANs and add LANEClientfor emulated  
LANs.  
Use the set MyNmAddrcommand to tell the SmartSwitch 9A100 which interface to use when communicating with your  
NMS. For detailed information about these commands, see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual.  
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Managing the SmartSwitch 9A100  
Agent Support  
B.2.1  
Console Commands that Affect the Agent  
The following is a list of the console commands that affect the operation of the SmartSwitch 9A100 SNMP agent. For  
detailed descriptions of these commands, see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual.  
Community: Sets the community strings for the SmartSwitch 9A100  
TrapCommunity: Specifies the NMS to which traps are sent  
MyNMAddr: Specifies the IP address through which the switch is managed  
TrustedNMS:Specifies the IP address of the NMS allowed to perform the following commands:  
- update firmware  
- backup  
- restore  
- reboot  
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APPENDIX C TECHNICAL SUPPORT  
This appendix tells you what to do if you need technical support for your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch.  
Cabletron offers several support and service programs that provide high-quality support to our customers. For technical  
support, first contact your place of purchase. If you need additional assistance, contact Cabletron Systems, Inc. There  
are several easy ways to reach Cabletron Customer Support and Service.  
C.1 TELEPHONE ASSISTANCE  
Our Technical Support Center is available Monday through Friday, 8am to 8pm Eastern Time, by calling  
603-332-9400.  
C.2 FAX SERVICE  
You can fax support questions to us any time at 603-337-3075.  
C.3 ELECTRONIC SERVICES  
You can contact Cabletron's Bulletin Board Service by dialing 603-335-3358.  
Our internet account can be reached at [email protected].  
You can also check our home pages on the World Wide Web.  
http://www.Cabletron.com  
http://www.ctron.com  
C.4 PLACING A SUPPORT CALL  
To expedite your inquiry, please provide the following information:  
Your Name  
Your Company Name  
Address  
Email Address  
Phone Number  
FAX Number  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide C-1  
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Hardware Warranty  
Technical Support  
Detailed description of the issue (including history, what you've tried, and conditions under which  
you see this occur)  
6>À`Ý>ÀiÊ“œ`i•Ê˜Ö“LiÀ]ÊÃœvÍÝ>ÀiÊÜiÀÈœ˜]Ê>˜`ÊÃ݈ÍV…ÊVœ˜vˆ}ÖÀ>͈œ˜ÊÍ…>ÍʈÃ]ÊÝ…>ÍÊ«>ÀÍÊÍß«iÃÊ>Àiʈ˜ÊÝ…>ÍÊ  
ÕœÍî  
C.5 HARDWARE WARRANTY  
Cabletron warrants its products against defects in the physical product for one year from the date of receipt by the end  
user (as shown by Proof of Purchase). A product that is determined to be defective should be returned to the place of  
purchase. For more detailed warranty information, please consult the Product Warranty Statement received with your  
product.  
C.6 SOFTWARE WARRANTY  
Cabletron software products carry a 90-day software warranty. During this period, customers may receive updates and  
patches for verified, reported software issues.  
C.7 REPAIR SERVICES  
Cabletron offers an out-of-warranty repair service for all our products at our Santa Clara Repair Facility. Products  
returned for repair will be repaired and returned within 5 working days. A product sent directly to Cabletron Systems,  
Inc. for repair must first be assigned a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. A product sent to Cabletron  
Systems, Inc., without an RMA number displayed outside the box will be returned to the sender unopened, at the  
sender's expense.  
To obtain an RMA number, contact the Cabletron Technical Support. When you call for an RMA number, your support  
representative will spend a few minutes with you, making sure the board is defective. Once they confirm the board is  
defective, they will assign an RMA number. Payment, shipping instructions, and turnaround time will be confirmed  
when the RMA number is assigned.  
C-2 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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APPENDIX D ACRONYMS  
A
ATM Adaptation Layer  
AAL  
ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1  
ATM Adapter Layer Type 2  
ATM Adapter Layer Type 3/4  
ATM Adapter Layer Type 5  
ATM Adaptation Layer Mux  
Available Bit Rate  
AAL1  
AAL2  
AAL3/4  
AAL5  
AALM  
ABR  
Authority and Format Identifier  
American National Standards Institute  
Application Programming Interface  
Address Resolution Protocol  
American Standard Code for Information Interchange  
Asynchronous Transfer Mode  
Available Cell Rate  
AFI  
ANSI  
API  
ARP  
ASCII  
ATM  
AVCR  
B
Bridged Ethernet  
BE  
Bit Error Ratio (Rate)  
BER  
B-ICI  
B-ISDN  
Broadband Inter-Carrier Interface  
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide D-1  
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Acronyms  
Boot Protocol  
BOOTP  
BUS  
Broadcast and Unknown Server  
C
Call Admission Control  
CAC  
Campus Area Network  
CAN  
Category 3 unshielded twisted pair cable  
Category 5 unshielded twisted pair cable  
Constant Bit Rate  
CAT-3  
CAT-5  
CBR  
Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telegraphique et Telephonique  
(Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy and Telephony)  
CCITT  
Current Cell Rate  
CCR  
CDV  
CER  
CES  
CI  
Cell Delay Variation  
Cell Error Ratio  
Circuit Emulation Service  
Congestion Indicator  
Cell Loss Priority  
CLP  
CLR  
CMIP  
COM  
COS  
CPE  
CPU  
CRC  
CRS  
CS  
Cell Loss Ratio  
Common Management Information Protocol  
Communication  
Class of Service  
Customer Premise Equipment  
Central Processing Unit  
Cyclic Redundancy Check  
Cell Relay Service  
Convergence Sublayer  
Cell Transfer Delay  
CTD  
D-2 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Acronyms  
D
Digital Cross Connect, generic DACS or Direct Connect Card, data interface module  
DCC  
DF  
Download Flash  
Digital Signaling 0  
DS-0  
DS-1  
DS-3  
DTE  
DTL  
DVT  
Digital Signaling 1  
Digital Signaling 3  
Data Terminal Equipment  
Designated Transit List  
Delay Variation Tolerance  
E
European standard for digital transmission service at 2 Mb/s.  
E-1  
E-3  
European standard for digital transmission service at 34.4 Mb/s (transports 16 E1  
circuits)  
Ethernet  
E-NET  
EFCI  
EISA  
ELAN  
EMI  
Explicit Forward Congestion Indicator  
Extended Industry Standard Architecture  
Emulated Local Area Network  
Electro-Magnetic Interference  
Enterprise Network Roundtable  
End of Frame  
ENR  
EOF  
Early Packet Discard  
EPD  
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory  
Electro-Static Device  
EPROM  
ESD  
End System Identifier  
ESI  
Expansion Switch Module  
ESM  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide D-3  
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Acronyms  
F
Frame Check Sequence  
First In First Out  
FCS  
FIFO  
FTP  
File Transfer Protocol  
G
Gigabits per second  
GB/S  
GCAC  
GCRA  
GFC  
Generic Call Admission Control  
Generic Cell Rate Algorithm  
Generic Flow Control  
H
I
Header Error Check  
HEC  
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers  
Internet Control Message Protocol  
Identification Number  
IEEE  
ICMP  
ID  
Information Element  
IE  
Internet Engineering Task Force  
Interim Inter-Switch Signaling Protocol  
IETF  
IISP  
D-4 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Acronyms  
Integrated Local Management Interface  
Input/Output  
ILMI  
I/O  
Input/Output Module  
IOM  
Internet Protocol  
IP  
Internet Protocol over ATM  
IP/ATM  
IPX  
Internetwork Packet Exchange protocol  
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector  
Integrated Service Digital Network  
ITU-TSS  
ISDN  
J
Joint Photographic Experts Group  
JPEG  
KB/S  
K
L
Kilobits per second  
Local Area Network  
LAN  
LAN Emulation  
LANE  
LE  
LAN Emulation  
LAN Emulation-Address Resolution Protocol  
LANE Client  
LE-ARP  
LEC  
LAN Emulation Configuration Server  
LECS  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide D-5  
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Acronyms  
LAN Emulation Configuration Server Emulated LAN  
LECSELA  
N
LANE Server  
LES  
LANE Server Emulated LAN  
Logical IP Subnetwork  
Logical Link Control  
LESELAN  
LIS  
LLC  
Local Management Interface  
LMI  
M
Media Access Control  
Metropolitan Area Network  
Megabits per second  
Maximum Burst Size  
Minimum Cell Rate  
Management Information Base  
Multi-Mode Fiber  
MAC  
MAN  
MB/S  
MBS  
MCR  
MIB  
MMF  
MP  
Multi-Point  
Main Switch Module  
Maximum Transfer Unit  
MSM  
MTU  
N
Negative Acknowledges  
NAKS  
NDIS  
Network Driver Interface Specification  
D-6 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Acronyms  
NetBIOS Extension User Interface  
Network File System  
NETBEUI  
NFS  
Network Interface Controller/Card  
Natural Language Syntax  
NIC  
NLS  
Network Management System  
Network Node Interface or Network-to-Network Interface  
Non Real Time - Variable Bit Rate  
Non-Return to Zero  
NMS  
NNI  
NRT-VBR  
NRZ  
Network Services Access Point  
NSAP  
O
Operations and Maintenance  
Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning  
Optical Carrier 1  
OAM  
OAM&P  
OC-1  
OC-N  
ODI  
Optical Carrier n (where "n" is an integer)  
Open Data-link Interface  
Out of Band  
OOB  
OSI  
Open Systems Interconnection  
P
Personal Computer  
PC  
Priority Control  
PC  
Peripheral Component Interconnect  
Peak Cell Rate  
PCI  
PCR  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide D-7  
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Acronyms  
Protocol Data Unit  
PDU  
PGL  
PMD  
PMP  
P-NNI  
PPD  
Peer Group Leader  
Physical Media Dependent Sub-layer  
Point-to-Multipoint  
Private Network Node Interface or Private Network-to-Network Interface  
Partial Packet Discard  
Programmable Read-Only Memory  
Payload Type Indicator  
PROM  
PTI  
Point-to-Point  
PTP  
PNNI Topology State Element  
PNNI Topology State Packet  
Permanent or Provisioned Virtual Circuit  
PTSE  
PTSE  
PVC  
Q
R
Quality of Service  
QOS  
Q-Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer. (Q represents the Q-series of the  
ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union).  
QSAAL  
Read-Only Access  
R
Random Access Memory  
Routing Control Channel  
Raw Cell Received  
RAM  
RCC  
RCR  
RD  
Receive Deactivated  
Request for Comment  
RFC  
D-8 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Acronyms  
Resource Management  
RM  
Return Merchandise Authorization  
Receive Queue Underrun  
RMA  
RQU  
RS-#  
RT-VBR  
RW  
Recommended Standard defined by Electronic Industries Association  
Real Time - Variable Bit Rate  
Read-Write Access  
S
Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer  
SAAL  
SAR  
Segmentation And Reassembly  
SAR Protocol Data Unit  
SAR-PDU  
SBE  
System Bus Error  
Sustainable Cell Rate  
SCR  
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy  
SDH  
Simple Efficient Adaptation Layer  
Single Mode Fiber  
SEAL  
SMF  
Switched Multimegabit Data Service  
Simple Network Management Protocol  
Synchronous Optical Network  
SMDS  
SNMP  
SONET  
STM-1  
STM-N  
STM-NC  
STP  
Synchronous Transport Module 1  
Synchronous Transport Module n (where ‘n' is an integer)  
Synchronous Transport Module n - concatenated (where ‘n' is an integer)  
Shielded Twisted Pair  
Synchronous Transport Signal 1  
STS-1  
STS-N  
STS-NC  
Synchronous Transport Signal n (where ‘n' is an integer)  
Synchronous Transport Signal n - concatenated (where ‘n' is an integer)  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide D-9  
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Acronyms  
Switched Virtual Circuit  
SVC  
Switched Virtual Channel Connection  
SVCC  
T
Transmission System 1  
T-1  
Transmission System 3  
T-3  
Transparent Asynchronous Transmitter/Receiver Interface  
Transmission Control Protocol  
Traffic Descriptor  
TAXI  
TCP  
TD  
Time-Division Multiplexing  
Trivial File Transfer Protocol  
Type, Length and Value  
TDM  
TFTP  
TLV  
U
Unspecified Bit Rate  
UBR  
UME  
UNI  
UNI Management Entity  
User-Network Interface  
Unnumbered Poll  
UP  
Usage Parameter Control  
UPC  
UTOPIA  
UTP  
Universal Test and Operations Physical Interface for ATM  
Unshielded Twisted Pair  
D-10 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Acronyms  
V
Variable Bit Rate/Real Time  
Variable Bit Rate/Non-real Time  
Virtual Circuit  
VBR/RT  
VBR/NRT  
VC  
Virtual Channel Connection  
Virtual Channel Identifier  
Virtual Channel Link  
Virtual LAN  
VCC  
VCI  
VCL  
VLAN  
VP  
Virtual Path  
Virtual Path Connection  
Virtual Path Identifier  
Virtual Private Network  
Virtual Tributary  
VPC  
VPI  
VPN  
VT  
W
Wide Area Network  
WAN  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide D-11  
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Acronyms  
D-12 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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INDEX  
chpi ..................................................4-24  
clfs....................................................4-24  
dcfg ..................................................4-24  
df......................................................4-24  
go .....................................................4-24  
he......................................................4-24  
memory locations affected...............4-25  
ponf..................................................4-24  
boot load prompt ....................................4-23  
boot load software..................................4-25  
buffer memory allocation.......................4-17  
Numerics  
6A-IOM-21-4...........................................2-3  
6A-IOM-22-4...........................................2-3  
6A-IOM-29-4...........................................2-3  
6A-IOM-29-4-IR......................................2-3  
6A-IOM-29-4-LR.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-31-1...........................................2-3  
6A-IOM-39-1...........................................2-3  
6A-IOM-39-1-LR.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-67-4...........................................2-3  
6A-IOM-77-4...........................................2-3  
C
A
CAC...............................................4-17, 4-19  
CAC policy.............................................4-19  
conservative .....................................4-19  
liberal...............................................4-19  
moderate ..........................................4-19  
call admission control.............................4-17  
call admission control policy..................4-19  
cbit............................................................2-3  
CBR........................................................4-21  
chpi................................................4-24, 4-27  
clfs..........................................................4-24  
clients on a switch ....................................3-7  
CLP.........................................................4-17  
configuration  
backing up..........................................4-1  
restoring.............................................4-1  
configuring the switch..............................2-6  
terminal configuration .......................2-6  
congestion...............................................4-22  
congestion management.........................4-22  
diagnosing congestion .......................5-4  
early packet discard .........................4-22  
EFCI.................................................4-22  
EPD..................................................4-22  
global congestion...............................5-4  
port congestion...................................5-5  
RM cells...........................................4-22  
troubleshooting ..................................5-4  
console commands ...................................2-8  
add......................................................2-9  
accessory carton .......................................2-1  
adapter pin-out ........................................ A-5  
add............................................................2-9  
adding a LANE client...............................3-4  
adding an emulated LAN .........................3-4  
adding and ELAN ....................................3-4  
administering the switch ..........................4-1  
administrative weight...............................4-7  
agent support........................................... B-1  
alarms ..............................................4-9, 4-11  
auto display......................................4-10  
deleting ............................................4-11  
description .......................................4-11  
ID.....................................................4-11  
number.............................................4-11  
object ...............................................4-11  
time ..................................................4-11  
alias ..........................................................2-9  
allocation guidelines...............................4-22  
ambiguous commands............................2-11  
ARP server ...............................................3-1  
ATM addressing................................3-3, 3-6  
ATM ports............................................... A-4  
ATM routing ............................................4-2  
B
backup ......................................................4-1  
bandwidth allocation..............................4-17  
boot load commands ..............................4-24  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide I-1  
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Index  
affecting the agent............................. B-8  
alias....................................................2-9  
create..................................................2-9  
delete..................................................2-9  
display................................................2-9  
flush ...................................................2-9  
modify................................................2-9  
remove ...............................................2-9  
restart .................................................2-9  
set.......................................................2-9  
show...................................................2-9  
start ....................................................2-9  
console help............................................2-12  
console time-out.....................................2-10  
core dumps .............................................4-30  
commands........................................4-30  
console output..................................4-32  
files ..................................................4-31  
saving...............................................4-30  
TFTP server .....................................4-30  
create ........................................................2-9  
creating a PVC .......................................4-11  
creating an alias......................................2-10  
creating an emulated LAN .......................3-3  
creating an IISP route...............................4-2  
creating an IP over ATM VLAN..............3-1  
mode...................................................2-3  
scrambling..........................................2-3  
timing.................................................2-3  
early packet discard................................4-22  
EFCI .......................................................4-22  
ELAN  
adding a client....................................3-4  
ATM addressing ................................3-6  
default ................................................3-3  
events and alarms...............................3-4  
ILMI........................................... 3-4, 3-6  
LECS..................................................3-4  
multiple switches ...............................3-6  
PNNI ..................................................3-6  
selector bytes......................................3-6  
starting the LECS...............................3-4  
switch clients......................................3-7  
empty cell .................................................2-3  
EPD ........................................................4-22  
Ethernet routing........................................4-7  
event  
critical ................................................4-9  
informational......................................4-9  
major ..................................................4-9  
minor..................................................4-9  
event categories ........................................4-9  
event messages for emulated LANs.........3-4  
events........................................................4-9  
auto display......................................4-10  
category............................................4-10  
deleting.............................................4-11  
description........................................4-10  
ID .....................................................4-10  
number .............................................4-10  
object................................................4-10  
time ..................................................4-10  
events and alarms .....................................4-9  
exceptions................................................ B-6  
D
dcfg.........................................................4-24  
default boot load image..........................4-27  
default ELAN...........................................3-3  
delete ........................................................2-9  
df........................4-24, 4-26, 4-27, 4-28, 4-30  
diagnosing congestion..............................5-4  
display ......................................................2-9  
DS3...........................................................2-3  
empty cell...........................................2-3  
framing...............................................2-3  
length .................................................2-3  
mode ..................................................2-3  
scrambling..........................................2-3  
timing.................................................2-3  
F
flush..........................................................2-9  
framing .....................................................2-3  
front panel................................................A-1  
Front panel LEDs ....................................A-1  
E
E3 .............................................................2-3  
empty cell...........................................2-3  
I-2 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Index  
MAC address .....................................3-3  
server type..........................................3-1  
troubleshooting ..................................5-1  
IP routing..................................................4-7  
G
go............................................................4-24  
H
L
hardware specifications........................... A-3  
hardware warranty................................... C-2  
he............................................................4-24  
help.........................................................2-12  
console.............................................2-12  
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator ...2-15  
LAN emulation.........................................3-3  
troubleshooting ..................................5-2  
LAN emulation addressing.......................3-6  
LANE  
troubleshooting ..................................5-2  
LECS........................................................3-4  
LEDs........................................................A-1  
meaning.............................................A-1  
length........................................................2-3  
local clients...............................................3-7  
logging on.................................................2-8  
I
I/O modules..............................................2-3  
6A-IOM-21-4.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-22-4.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-29-4.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-29-4-IR ...............................2-3  
6A-IOM-29-4-LR..............................2-3  
6A-IOM-31-1.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-39-1.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-39-1-LR..............................2-3  
6A-IOM-67-4.....................................2-3  
6A-IOM-77-4.....................................2-3  
ID numbers...............................................2-3  
IISP...........................................................4-2  
adding a route ....................................4-3  
atmroute.............................................4-3  
considerations....................................4-3  
creating a route ..................................4-2  
net prefix............................................4-2  
show ATMroute.................................4-3  
show NetPrefix ..................................4-2  
through a PNNI domain.....................4-3  
topology.............................................4-3  
incoming metric .......................................4-6  
initial cell rate.........................................4-17  
initial configuration..................................2-8  
inserting a 6A000.....................................2-4  
inspecting the switch................................2-2  
installation................................................2-4  
installing the switch..................................2-4  
IP over ATM  
M
management standards ............................A-5  
managing the SmartSwitch 9A100.......... B-7  
maximum burst size ...............................4-17  
metric pairs...............................................4-6  
metric parameters.....................................4-6  
metric tags ................................................4-6  
MIB ......................................................... B-1  
exceptions ......................................... B-6  
non-conformance .............................. B-6  
not supported .................................... B-7  
MIB files ................................................. B-1  
MIB support ............................................ B-6  
minimum cell rate...................................4-17  
mode.........................................................2-3  
modify ......................................................2-9  
multiple switch emulated LANs...............3-6  
N
nrt-VBR..................................................4-21  
O
operator.....................................................2-9  
switch-attribute ..................................2-9  
outgoing metric ........................................4-6  
add ipatmclient ..................................3-1  
addressing..........................................3-3  
ARP server.........................................3-1  
client ..................................................3-2  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide I-3  
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Index  
restart........................................................2-9  
restore .......................................................4-1  
RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter.............................A-5  
RM cells .................................................4-22  
route metrics.............................................4-6  
administrative weight.........................4-7  
incoming ............................................4-6  
metric pairs ........................................4-6  
outgoing .............................................4-6  
parallel routes.....................................4-7  
tags.....................................................4-6  
viewing...............................................4-7  
routing ......................................................4-2  
administrative weight.........................4-7  
parallel routes.....................................4-7  
routing IP..................................................4-7  
routing tags...............................................4-6  
rt-VBR....................................................4-21  
P
parallel routes...........................................4-7  
partial commands ...................................2-11  
PC serial port adapter pin-out.................. A-5  
peak cell rate...........................................4-17  
physical specifications............................. A-3  
placing a support call............................... C-1  
plcp...........................................................2-3  
PNNI.........................................................4-2  
troubleshooting ..................................5-3  
point-to-multipoint PVCs.......................4-13  
point-to-point PVCs ...............................4-12  
ponf.........................................................4-24  
port congestion.........................................5-5  
POST......................................................4-27  
power on system test ..............................4-27  
proprietary MIBs............................. B-2, B-5  
PVC........................................................4-11  
adding ..............................................4-12  
backward traffic descriptor..............4-13  
connecting to local client through....4-14  
forward traffic descriptor.................4-13  
IPATMPVC.....................................4-14  
non-zero VPIs..................................4-15  
point-to-multipoint...........................4-13  
point-to-point...................................4-12  
traffic descriptors....................4-12, 4-13  
VPI/VCI pairs..................................4-12  
PVC connections....................................4-11  
PVCs.......................................................4-11  
S
scrambling ................................................2-3  
selector bytes ............................................3-6  
service category......................................4-17  
set..............................................................2-9  
show..........................................................2-9  
show ATMRoute ......................................4-3  
signaling ..................................................A-4  
SmartSwitch 9000  
inserting a 9A100...............................2-4  
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator..........2-12  
initialization .....................................2-15  
installation steps...............................2-14  
online help........................................2-15  
password ..........................................2-15  
SMI.......................................................... B-1  
SMI formats............................................. B-4  
SNMP  
exceptions ......................................... B-6  
non-conformance .............................. B-6  
not supported..................................... B-7  
object identifier................................. B-3  
represented value .............................. B-3  
SNMP agent support ............................... B-1  
SNMPv2c ................................................A-5  
software warranty.................................... C-2  
specification.............................................A-1  
specifications  
Q
QoS................................................4-17, 4-21  
constant bit rate................................4-21  
non-real time variable bit rate..........4-21  
queue allocation guidelines..............4-22  
real time variable bit rate.................4-21  
thresholds.........................................4-21  
unspecified bit rate...........................4-21  
QoS queues.............................................4-21  
queue thresholds.....................................4-21  
R
remove......................................................2-9  
repair services.......................................... C-2  
resource management cells.....................4-22  
I-4 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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Index  
ATM ports ........................................ A-4  
troubleshooting.........................................5-1  
congestion..........................................5-4  
diagnosing congestion .......................5-4  
global congestion...............................5-4  
IP over ATM......................................5-1  
LAN emulation..................................5-2  
LANE.................................................5-2  
PNNI..................................................5-3  
port congestion...................................5-5  
front panel......................................... A-1  
management standards...................... A-5  
physical............................................. A-3  
protocols standards ........................... A-4  
start...........................................................2-9  
starting the switch ....................................2-8  
supported MIBs....................................... A-5  
sustainable cell rate ................................4-17  
switch administration ...............................4-1  
switch clients............................................3-7  
switch configuration.................................4-1  
switch insertion ........................................2-4  
switch operating software ......................4-28  
switch-attribute.........................................2-9  
U
UBR........................................................4-21  
UNI...........................................................4-2  
UNI routes................................................4-5  
constructing an ATM address............4-5  
unpacking the switch................................2-1  
unsuccessful update................................4-29  
update firmware.............................4-28, 4-29  
unsuccessful update .........................4-29  
Upgrading  
T
tags ...........................................................4-6  
technical specifications ........................... A-3  
technical support ..................................... C-1  
electronic services............................. C-1  
FAX service...................................... C-1  
placing a support call........................ C-1  
telephone assistance.......................... C-1  
telnet.........................................................2-8  
terminal configuration..............................2-6  
terminal port.............................................2-6  
TFTP server..............................................4-1  
TFTP/Bootp server.................................4-25  
threshold settings for anti-congestion ....4-17  
thresholds ...............................................4-21  
timing .......................................................2-3  
Traffic Descriptors .................................4-17  
traffic descriptors ..........................4-12, 4-18  
type number.....................................4-18  
traffic management.................................4-17  
CLP..................................................4-17  
congestion........................................4-22  
EFCI.................................................4-22  
EPD..................................................4-22  
maximum burst size.........................4-17  
minimum cell rate............................4-17  
peak cell rate....................................4-17  
queue allocation...............................4-22  
RM cells...........................................4-22  
sustained cell rate.............................4-17  
thresholds.........................................4-22  
switch operating software................4-28  
upgrading  
boot load commands........................4-23  
boot load prompt..............................4-23  
chpi ..................................................4-24  
clfs....................................................4-24  
dcfg ..................................................4-24  
default boot load image ...................4-27  
df......................................................4-24  
firmware...........................................4-23  
go .....................................................4-24  
he......................................................4-24  
ponf..................................................4-24  
POST diagnostic..............................4-27  
software............................................4-23  
TFTP/Bootp.....................................4-25  
upgrading boot load software.................4-25  
using the console......................................2-8  
V
VCC mask ..............................................4-15  
VCC mask index ....................................4-15  
VCI.........................................................4-15  
VCI bits ..................................................4-15  
viewing events and alarms .....................4-10  
viewing route metrics...............................4-7  
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide I-5  
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Index  
VPI  
non-zero values................................4-15  
VPI bits...................................................4-15  
VPI/VCI pairs.........................................4-15  
Z
ZeitNet Cabletron proprietary MIBs....... B-2  
I-6 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide  
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