SmartSwitch 9A100
User Guide
35 Industrial Way
Rochester, NH 03866
USA
(603) 332-9400
Part Number 04-0049-01 Rev. A
Order Number 9032628
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FCC CLASS A NOTICE
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this
device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
2p›F 0…ˆÃÊiµÖˆ«“i˜ÍÊ…>ÃÊLii˜ÊÍiÃÍi`Ê>˜`ÊvœÖ˜`ÊÍœÊVœ“«•ßÊ݈ͅÊÍ…iÊ•ˆ“ˆÍÃÊvœÀÊ>Ê+•>ÃÃÊ"Ê
`ˆ}ˆÍ>•Ê`i܈Vi]Ê«ÖÀÃÖ>˜ÍÊÍœÊ+>ÀÍÊ£xÊœvÊÍ…iÊ4++ÊÀÖ•iðÊ0…iÃiÊ•ˆ“ˆÍÃÊ>ÀiÊ`iÈ}˜i`ÊÍœÊ
«ÀœÜˆ`iÊÀi>Ãœ˜>L•iÊ«ÀœÍiV͈œ˜Ê>}>ˆ˜ÃÍÊ…>À“v֕ʈ˜ÍiÀviÀi˜ViÊÝ…i˜ÊÍ…iÊiµÖˆ«“i˜ÍʈÃÊ
œ«iÀ>Íi`ʈ˜Ê>ÊVœ““iÀVˆ>•Êi˜ÜˆÀœ˜“i˜Í°Ê0…ˆÃÊiµÖˆ«“i˜ÍÊÖÃiÃ]Ê}i˜iÀ>ÍiÃ]Ê>˜`ÊV>˜Ê
À>`ˆ>ÍiÊÀ>`ˆœÊvÀiµÖi˜VßÊi˜iÀ}ßÊ>˜`]ʈvʘœÍʈ˜ÃÍ>••i`ʈ˜Ê>VVœÀ`>˜ViÊ݈ͅÊÍ…iÊ
.“>ÀÍ.݈ÍV…Ê™"£ääÊ2ÃiÀÊ5Öˆ`i]Ê“>ßÊV>ÖÃiÊ…>À“v֕ʈ˜ÍiÀviÀi˜ViÊÍœÊÀ>`ˆœÊ
Vœ““Ö˜ˆV>͈œ˜Ã°Ê#«iÀ>͈œ˜ÊœvÊÍ…ˆÃÊiµÖˆ«“i˜Íʈ˜Ê>ÊÀiÈ`i˜Íˆ>•Ê>Ài>ʈÃÊ•ˆŽi•ßÊÍœÊV>ÖÃiÊ
ˆ˜ÍiÀviÀi˜Vi]ʈ˜ÊÝ…ˆV…ÊV>ÃiÊÍ…iÊÖÃiÀÊ݈••ÊLiÊÀiµÖˆÀi`ÊÍœÊVœÀÀiVÍÊÍ…iʈ˜ÍiÀviÀi˜ViÊ>ÍÊ…ˆÃÊ
œÝ˜ÊiÞ«i˜Ãi°
2p›F +…>˜}iÃÊœÀÊ“œ`ˆvˆV>͈œ˜ÃÊ“>`iÊÍœÊÍ…ˆÃÊ`i܈Vi]ÊÝ…ˆV…Ê>ÀiʘœÍÊiÞ«ÀiÃÕßÊ>««ÀœÜi`ÊLßÊ
Í…iÊ«>ÀÍßÊÀi뜘ÈL•iÊvœÀÊVœ“«•ˆ>˜Vi]ÊVœÖ•`ÊÜœˆ`ÊÍ…iÊÖÃiÀ½ÃÊ>ÖÍ…œÀˆÍßÊ͜ʜ«iÀ>ÍiÊÍ…iÊ
iµÖˆ«“i˜Í°
DOC CLASS A NOTICE
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the
Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
Le present appareil numerique n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils
numeriques de la class A prescrites dans le Reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des
Communications du Canada.
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide iii
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DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
ADDENDUM
Application of Council Directive(s):
89/336/EEC
73/23/EEC
Manufacturer’s Name:
Manufacturer’s Address:
Cabletron Systems, Inc.
35 Industrial Way
P. O. Box 5005
Rochester, NH 03866
Product Name:
SmartSwitch 9A100
Mr. J. Solari
European Representative Name:
European Representative Address:
Cabletron Systems, Limited
Nexus House, Newbury Business Park
London Road, Newbury
Berkshire RG13 2PZ, England
Conformance to Directive(s)/Product Standards:
EC Directive 89/336/EEC
EC Directive 73/23/EEC
EN 55022
EN 50082-1
EN 60950
Equipment Type/Environment:
Networking Equipment, for use in a Commercial or Light
Industrial Environment.
We the undersigned, hereby declare, under our sole responsibility, that the equipment packaged with this
notice conforms to the above directives.
Manufacturer:
Full Name:
Title:
Mr. Ronald Fotino
Principal Compliance Engineer
Rochester, NH. U.S.A.
Location:
Legal Representative in Europe:
Full Name:
Title:
Mr. J. Solari
Managing Director - E.M.E.A.
Newbury, Berkshire, England
Location:
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SAFETY INFORMATION
CLASS 1 LASER TRANSCEIVERS
The 6A-IOM-29-4, 6A-IOM-29-4-IR, 6A-IOM-29-4-LR, 6A-IOM-39-1 and 6A-IOM-39-1-LR connectors use Class
1 Laser transceivers. Read the following safety information before installing or operating the 6A-IOM-29-4.
The Class 1 Laser transceivers use an optical feedback loop to maintain Class 1 operation limits. This control loop
eliminates the need for maintenance checks or adjustments. The output is factory set, and does not allow any user
adjustment. Class 1 Laser transceivers comply with the following safety standards:
U
U
U
21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (FDA)
IEC Publication 825 (International Electrotechnical Commission)
CENELEC EN 60825 (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization)
When operating within their performance limitations, laser transceiver output meets the Class 1 accessible emission
limit of all three standards. Class 1 levels of laser radiation are not considered hazardous.
LASER RADIATION AND CONNECTORS
When the connector is in place, all laser radiation remains within the fiber. The maximum amount of radiant power
exiting the fiber (under normal conditions) is -12.6dBm or 55 x 10 -6 watts.
Removing the optical connector from the transceiver allows laser radiation to emit directly from the optical port. The
maximum radiance from the optical port (under worst case conditions) is 0.8 W cm-2 or 8 x 103 W m-2 sr-1.
Do not use optical instruments to view the laser output. The use of optical instruments to view laser output increases
eye hazard. When viewing the output optical port, you must remove power from the network adapter.
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FIBER OPTIC PROTECTIVE CAPS
%"¤›apm READ BEFORE REMOVING FIBER OPTIC PROTECTIVE CAPS.
Cable assemblies and MMF/SMF ports are shipped with protective caps to prevent contamination. To avoid
contamination, replace port caps on all fiber optic devices when not in use.
Cable assemblies and MMF/SMF ports that become contaminated may experience signal loss or difficulty inserting
and removing cable assemblies from MMF/SMF ports.
Contamination can be removed from cable assemblies by
U
U
Blowing surfaces with canned duster (Chemtronics p/n ES1270 or equivalent).
Using a fiber port cleaning swab (Alcoa Fujikura LTS p/n ACT-01 or equivalent) saturated with
optical-grade isopropyl alcohol, gently wipe the end surface of ferrules first; then wipe down the
sides of both ferrules.
U
Blow ferrule surfaces dry with canned duster.
Contamination can be removed from MMF/SMF ports by
U
Using the extension tube supplied with canned duster, blow into the optical port, being careful not
to allow the extension tube to touch the bottom of the optical port.
U
Reconnect cable and check for proper mating. If problems remain, gently wipe out optical port with
a DRY fiber port cleaning swab and repeat step 1.
%"¤›apm To avoid contamination, replace port caps on all fiber optic devices when not in
use.
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REGULATORY COMPLIANCE SUMMARY
SAFETY
The SmartSwitch 9A100 meets the safety requirements of UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950, EN 60950, IEC 950, and
73/23/EEC.
EMC
The SmartSwitch 9A100 meets the EMC requirements of FCC Part 15, EN 55022, CSA C108.8, VCCI V-3/93.01, EN
50082-1, and 89/336/EEC.
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REVISION HISTORY
Document Name:
Document Part Number:
Document Order number:
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide
04-0049-01 Rev. A
9032628
Author: Carre Gibson
Editor: Ayesha Maqsood
Illustrator: Michael Fornalski
Date
Revision
Description
May 1998
04-0049-01 Rev. A Initial Release
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
2
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Switch Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1
2.1.1
Unpacking the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Check Accessory Carton Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2
2.2.1
Inspecting the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
DS3 and E3 I/O Module Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.3
2.4
Installing the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Configuring the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.5
Using the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Console Time-out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Creating an Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Ambiguous Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Console Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.6
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Installation Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Starting SmartSwitch ATM Administrator the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Accessing Online Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
3
IP Over ATM and LANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1
3.1.1
Creating an IP over ATM VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
ATM Addressing for IP over ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.2
Creating an Emulated LAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
ATM Addressing for LAN Emulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
ELANs Across Multiple Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Switch Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
4
Switch Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1
Backing Up and Restoring Switch Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2
ATM Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Creating an IISP Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
UNI Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Route Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.3
IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4.4
Events and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Event Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Viewing Events and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Deleting Events and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.5
PVC Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Point-to-Point PVCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Point-to-Multipoint PVCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 4-13
Connecting to Local Switch Client Through a PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Non-zero VPIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.6
Traffic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Traffic Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Call Admission Control Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
EFCI, EPD, and RM Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
4.7
Upgrading and Changing Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Accessing the Boot Load Prompt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Boot Load Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Upgrading Boot Load Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Upgrading POST Diagnostic Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27
Upgrading Switch Operating Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
Using the Update Firmware Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.7.5
4.7.6
4.8
Saving Core Dumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
5
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1
Troubleshooting IP over ATM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Troubleshooting LAN Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Troubleshooting PNNI Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Troubleshooting Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Diagnosing Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Global Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Port Congestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
A
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
A.1
A.2
B
Agent Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B.1
MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
ZeitNet Cabletron Proprietary MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Relation Between Object Identifier and the Represented Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Supported protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
Supported SMI Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
Zeitnet Cabletron Proprietary MIB Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
MIB Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
B.1.1
B.1.2
B.1.3
B.1.4
B.1.5
B.1.6
B.1.7
B.2
B.2.1
Managing the SmartSwitch 9A100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
Console Commands that Affect the Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
C
Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Telephone Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
FAX Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
C.1
C.2
x
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7
Electronic Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
Placing A Support Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
Hardware Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
Software Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
Repair Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
D
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 SmartSwitch 9A100-04 front panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Figure 2-2 Installing the SmartSwitch 9A100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 2-5
Figure 2-3 SmartSwitch 9A100 console and network connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Figure 2-4 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Figure 4-1 IISP route across PNNI domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Figure 4-2 Routes needed for a second IISP switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Figure 4-3 IP routing through SW1 for connectivity to the Ethernet network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Figure 4-4 Memory locations affected by the boot load commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Figure A-1 SmartSwitch 9A100 front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
Figure B-1 Internet MIB hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2
Figure B-2 ZeitNet Private MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3
Figure B-3 ZeitNet Cabletron SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB object identifier example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4
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List of Figures
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1
Table 2-2
Table 2-3
Table 4-1
Table 4-2
Table 4-3
Table 4-4
I/O module ID numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
DS3 and E3 module settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Default accounts and passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Values for VPI and VCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Traffic descriptor type number explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Settings for QoS queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Boot load commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Table A-1 Front panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
Table A-2 Hardware specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Table A-3 Physical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Table A-4 ATM port specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4
Table A-5 Protocols standards and specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4
Table A-6 Management standards and specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Table A-7 RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter (PC serial port adapter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Table B-1 Zeitnet proprietary MIB groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5
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List of Tables
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1 INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide. The SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM switch is a module that fits into the
SmartSwitch 9000 chassis. You can install up to seven SmartSwitch 9A100 switches into a 14-slot SmartSwitch 9000
chassis; or up to three switches into a 6-slot chassis. The module is hot swappable, meaning that you can install and
remove it without turning off or disconnecting the chassis. This manual will help you quickly and easily install and
configure your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch.
By performing the steps described in the first two chapters of this manual, your switch will be physically installed,
accessible on your Ethernet network, and running either an IP over ATM VLAN or an emulated Ethernet or Token
Ring LAN.
Subsequent chapters provide information about switch use, maintenance, and problem solving. These topics include
•
Managing the switch: backing up configurations, adding routes, creating PVC connections,
upgrading software, dealing with bandwidth, and controlling congestion
•
•
Working with the switch’s hardware components
Troubleshooting
Note
For detailed descriptions of SmartSwitch 9A100 console commands and their use,
see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual.
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Introduction
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2 SWITCH INSTALLATION AND SETUP
After you read this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks:
U
U
U
U
Install the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch module into the SmartSwitch 9000 chassis
Complete the initial configuration
Use the console interface
Install the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator graphical management software
2.1 UNPACKING THE SWITCH
Remove the accessory carton from the shipping box. Carefully remove the switch from its packing material.
2.1.1
Check Accessory Carton Contents
Open the accessory carton and check that it contains the following items:
— 7-foot UTP cable terminated on both ends with RJ-45 connectors
— RJ-45 to 9-pin female adapter (labeled PC)
— Console cabling instruction sheet
— Diskettes containing switch software, MIB files, SmartSwitch ATM Administrator software, and release notes
— SmartSwitch 9A100 Release Notes
— SmartSwitch 9A100 Quick Start
— SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide
— SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual
If any of these items is missing, contact Cabletron customer support immediately.
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Inspecting the Switch
Switch Installation and Setup
2.2 INSPECTING THE SWITCH
Depending on the configuration ordered, your switch looks similar to the unit in Figure 2-1. The SmartSwitch
9A100-04 has four I/O modules.
Figure 2-1 SmartSwitch 9A100-04 front panel
Inspect the switch and make certain that its configuration corresponds to what was ordered. Also, make certain that the
input/output (I/O) modules are of the correct type and number (See Table 2-1).
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Switch Installation and Setup
InspectingtheSwitch
Table 2-1 I/O module ID numbers
Face Plate Number
6A-IOM-21-4
Physical Specification
155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, MMF/SC (4 ports)
155 Mbps STS-3c/STM-1, UTP-5/RJ-45 (4 ports)
155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, SMF-IR/SC (1 port), MMF/SC (3 ports)
155 Mbps OC-3/STM-1, SMF-IR/SC (4 ports)
155 Mbps OC-3/STS-1, SMF-LR/SC (4 ports)
622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, MMF/SC (1 port)
622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, SMF-IR/SC (1 port)
622 Mbps OC-12/STM-4, SMF-LR/SC (1 port)
45 Mbps DS-3, Coax/BNC (4 ports)
6A-IOM-22-4
6A-IOM-29-4
6A-IOM-29-4-IR
6A-IOM-29-4-LR
6A-IOM-31-1
6A-IOM-39-1
6A-IOM-39-1-LR
6A-IOM-67-4
34 Mbps E-3, Coax/BNC (4 ports)
6A-IOM-77-4
If the hardware configuration is incorrect, contact Cabletron customer support immediately.
2.2.1
DS3 and E3 I/O Module Configuration
Table 2-2 shows the pre-configured values for both the DS3 (6A-IOM-67-4) and E3 (6A-IOM-77-4) I/O modules.
These values cannot be changed. Accordingly, configure the connecting device’s interface to use these values.
Table 2-2 DS3 and E3 module settings
Protocol
DS3
Mode
plcp
Framing Empty Cell
Timing
internal
internal
Scrambling
Length
cbit
unassigned
unassigned
off
off
greater than 225 feet
N/A
plcp
G.751
E3
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Installing the Switch
Switch Installation and Setup
2.3 INSTALLING THE SWITCH
The SmartSwitch 9A100 is hot swappable, meaning that you can install and remove it without turning off or
unplugging the SmartSwitch 9000 chassis. The following list shows how many switch modules can be installed in each
chassis:
U
You can install up to three switch modules in a 6-slot chassis. In this configuration, the SmartSwitch
9A100 modules provide up to 45 user ports.
U
You can install up to seven switch modules in a 14-slot chassis. In this configuration, the
SmartSwitch 9A100 modules provide up to 105 user ports.
Connect modules with inter-module trunks if traffic must cross between modules.
2p›F When redundant power supplies are installed in the chassis, the switch module
recognizes only one of them. However, the redundant power supply feature
performs correctly; if one power supply fails, the other one takes over.
Follow the instructions below to install the switch module into the chassis. Refer to Figure 2-2. You do not need to turn
off or unplug the chassis before inserting or removing the switch module. However, if you insert the switch module
with the power on, there is a 6-second delay before it begins to operate.
s• Remove the metal blanks from two adjacent empty slots in the chassis.
¢• Open the ejectors at the top and bottom of the switch module.
•• With the LEDs at the top, align the top and bottom of the SmartSwitch 9A100 with the tracks in the
slot.
T• Slide the switch into the chassis. The switch module obscures the view of the tracks at the bottom of
the chassis, so be sure to look at that area as you begin to slide the switch into the chassis.
Q• Close the ejectors. The installation is complete.
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Switch Installation and Setup
InstallingtheSwitch
Rotate ejector
to lock in place
Circuit
Card
Metal
Backpanel
Card Guides
Figure 2-2 Installing the SmartSwitch 9A100
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Configuring the Switch
Switch Installation and Setup
2.4 CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Initial configuration of your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch consists of setting the name, Ethernet IP address, and subnet
mask. Once these tasks are complete, the switch can be reached through your Ethernet network for additional
configuration and administration.
Perform the following steps to configure initial switch parameters:
s• Determine whether you will use a dumb terminal, workstation, or PC running terminal emulation
software to perform initial switch configuration.
¢• Configure dumb terminals or PCs running emulation software with the following communication
parameters:
U
U
U
U
Baud rate = 9600
Data bits = 8
Stop bits = 1
Flow control = none
•• Plug one end of the supplied RJ-45 UTP cable into the 9-pin RJ-45 adapter (see Figure 2-3).
2p›F For information about adapter wiring configurations, see Appendix A,
"Specifications."
T• Plug the other end of the UTP cable into the SmartSwitch 9A100 female RJ-45 jack labeled
Terminal, located on the front panel (see Figure 2-3).
Q• Connect the switch to your network by plugging a UTP cable into the SmartSwitch 9A100 female
RJ-45 jack labeled Ethernet, located near the center of the switch's front panel (see Figure 2-3).
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Switch Installation and Setup
ConfiguringtheSwitch
Terminal
RJ-45
Port
Ethernet
RJ-45
Port
Ethernet
Hub
Terminal
Figure 2-3 SmartSwitch 9A100 console and network connections
–• Start the dumb terminal or PC and its terminal emulation software.
•• When power is applied to the SmartSwitch 9A100, the module emits a series of diagnostic messages.
If you inserted the module into a chassis that was turned off, turn it on now; the diagnostics will
appear after a 6-second delay. If you inserted the module into a chassis that was turned on, press the
Reset switch to see the diagnostics.
G• After the diagnostics are finished, the switch prompts for a password. Enter the default password,
"admin."
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Using the Console
Switch Installation and Setup
n• Next, the switch prompts for the information necessary to make the switch accessible through your
Ethernet network
U
U
U
Switch name
IP address
Subnet mask
s¥ After you enter these parameters and reboot the switch, log off the local console connection. Perform
additional configuration steps over your network using a telnet connection.
2p›F Only one console connection is allowed at any time. To reach the
SmartSwitch 9A100 through telnet, you must exit the local terminal connection
by entering the exitcommand.
The following is an example of the initial configuration session:
SmartSwitch Version 2.1 (c) Cabletron Inc.
password:: admin
<¸admin" is the default password
The current user is Administrator
Could not find setup file
Running Setup Automatically
SwitchName() : My_9A100
IPAddress(0.0.0.0) : 210.160.77.254
IPNetMask(255.0.0.0) : 255.255.255.0
Confirm(y/n)?:y
< a switch name
< an IP address
< a subnet mask
Changing IP Address on System. Telnet session (if any) will be lost.
SmartSwitch #
Before continuing to chapter 3, “IP over ATM and LANE,” read the following sections for information about
U
U
Using the SmartSwitch 9A100 console
Installing and getting started with the Windows-based SmartSwitch ATM Administrator application
2.5 USING THE CONSOLE
Use the SmartSwitch 9A100 console interface to configure and manage your switch. The following is a description of
the console interface and its operation.
2.5.1
Console Commands
2p›F For detailed descriptions of console commands, see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250
Reference Manual.
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Switch Installation and Setup
UsingtheConsole
All console commands use the syntax:
operator switch-attribute [<parameter 1> <parameter 2>... <parameter n>]
Where the operator is one of the following:
show( display): Show the current values used by a switch-attribute.
add( create): Add a new instance of a switch-attribute.
delete( remove): Delete an instance of a switch-attribute.
modify( set): Change the values that currently define a switch-attribute.
start: Start a process on the switch; for example, start the LAN Emulation Configuration Server.
restart: Restart a process on the switch; for example, restart a client.
flush: Remove assigned values; for example, flush a route table.
alias: Create easier names for often-used commands and their parameters.
Entering parameters at the command line is optional. If a command requires parameter values, it prompts you for them.
For instance, in the example below, showis the operator, portconfigis the switch-attribute, and a1is the parameter
indicating that you want to show configuration information about port A1.
SmartSwitch # show portconfig a1
==================================================
Port: A1
--------------------------------------------------
Parameter
Configured
Current
--------------------------------------------------
Sig Type
autoConfig
pnni10
Sig Role
other
symmetric
Interface Type
Max vpi bits
Max vci bits
Max SVC vpci
Min SVC vci
Max Vccs
private
0
12
0
32
4096
private
0
12
0
32
4096
--------------------------------------------------
Other parameters
--------------------------------------------------
Port Admin Status
Ilmi Admin Status
Oper State
UP
Enabled AddressRegistration Connectivity
UP
Trans Type
Media Type
Bandwidth
STS-3c
MMF (S)
155 MB
SmartSwitch #
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Using the Console
Switch Installation and Setup
If you don’t specify parameters with the command, the console prompts you for an input value and provides a default
value displayed in parenthesis. For example, if you enter show portconfigwithout specifying a port (as a parameter),
the following appears. Here, the default of “all” ports is presented. You can either accept the default by pressing Enter,
or you can enter a specific port number. Taking the default displays the following:
SmartSwitch # show portconfig
PortNumber(ALL)
:
Media
Type
Port
ID
Intf
Type
Sig
Type
Trans
Type
Speed
Oper
(MB/s)
State
==============================================================================
A1
A2
A3
A4
B1
B2
B3
private
private
private
private
private
private
private
pnni10
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c SMF (I)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
STS-3c MMF (S)
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
155 MB
UP
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
uni31
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
autoConfig
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
UP
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
B4(CPU) private
C1
C2
C3
C4
D1
D2
D3
D4
private
private
private
private
private
private
private
private
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB
STS-3c CAT5 UTP 155 MB
SmartSwitch #
2p›F When you accept the (all) default for show, the information displayed is often
abridged.
2.5.2
Console Time-out
The console can be configured to exit if it does not sense a key stroke within a defined length of time. By default, the
SmartSwitch 9A100 is set to never time-out (value = 0). To activate the time-out feature, use the set ConsoleTimeOut
command to adjust the time-out period:
SmartSwitch # set consoletimeout
Timeout(0)
: 30 <Will time-out in 30 minutes without input
Confirm (y/N)? : y
SmartSwitch #
2.5.3
Creating an Alias
Use the add aliascommand to create shorter or easier-to-remember names for command lines. For example:
SmartSwitch # add alias
AliasName()
: traffic
AliasedString()
SmartSwitch #
: set switchtrafficcongestion
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Switch Installation and Setup
UsingtheConsole
The above example creates an alias (traffic) that can be entered in place of the command set
SwitchTrafficCongestion. For example:
SmartSwitch # traffic
Queue1EFCIThreshold(4096)
Queue2EFCIThreshold(4096)
Queue3EFCIThreshold(4096)
Queue4EFCIThreshold(4096)
LowEPDWatermark(10922)
HighEPDWatermark(21845)
RMCellMarkingEnable(1)
EFCIMarkingEnable(1)
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
SmartSwitch #
Enter the show aliascommand to display a list of all defined aliases and the command lines to which they correspond.
:SmartSwitch # show alias
AliasName(ALL)
Alias List
:
==============================================================================
Index Alias Name
: Aliased Command
1
2
3
PING
xxx
traffic
: Start ping
: show portconfig
: set switchtrafficcongestion
SmartSwitch #
2.5.4
Ambiguous Commands
If you enter part of a command, and that part is not unique, the console displays a numbered list of possible matching
commands. For example, entering show pnninis ambiguous because there are several commands that start with
“pnnin.” In response, the SmartSwitch 9A100 displays a list of the possible commands:
SmartSwitch # show pnnin
< “pnnin” is ambiguous
Objects beginning with pnnin for action show
0 :
1 :
2 :
3 :
4 :
PnniNeighbor
PnniNetworkLink
PnniNetworkNode
PnniNode
PnniNodeTimer
(#)Command (Q)uit? : 3
< I meant PnniNode, so I enter number three (3) from the list
SmartSwitch # show PnniNode
Selecting number three from the list automatically enters the corresponding command; pressing enter executes the
command:
PNNI Node Information
================================================================================
Level
: 80
Node Id
Lowest
: 50:a0:39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:c1:80:00:20:d4:28:c1:80:00
: TRUE
Admin Status : UP
Oper Status : UP
Atm Address : 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:c1:80:00:20:d4:28:c1:80:00
Peer Group Id: 50:39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
Rst Transit : FALSE
Rst Branching: FALSE
DB Overload : FALSE
Ptse
: 2
SmartSwitch #
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SmartSwitch ATM Administrator
Switch Installation and Setup
2.5.5
Console Help
The console provides several levels of help for console commands. For example, to list the switch attributes that can
be used with a particular operator, enter the word help(or ?) followed by the operator.
SmartSwitch # help add
HELP ----
add
==============================================================================
add
[ AlarmConfig | Alias | ATMRoute | BUSELAN | Community | ELAN |
Interface | IPATMClient | IPATMPVC | LANEClient | LECSELAN |
LECSELANLEC | LECSTLVSET | LESELAN | NetPrefix | PnniMetrics |
PnniSummaryAddress | PVC | Route | ServiceRegistry |
TrafficDescriptor | TrapCommunity ]
SmartSwitch #
To obtain an explanation of a command and its parameters, enter the word help (or ?) before the command.
SmartSwitch # ? add laneclient
Create LANE Client
============================================================================
ClientNumber
LanName
Local Client Number (0-127)
Name of the ELAN to join
ServerType
ServerAddress
IPAddress
NetMask
Type of LANE Server [LECS, LES]
ATM Address of the LANE Server
IP Address of the Client
IP Netmask of the Client
MTU
MTU for the Client [1516, 9234, NONE]
SmartSwitch #
While entering a command, you can obtain help about the current parameter by entering a question mark (?) at the
prompt. For example:
SmartSwitch # add atmroute
PortNumber(A1)
AtmAddress()
PrefixLength(104)
Index(0)
: a3
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:72:80
:
:
Type(Internal)
: ?
The type of reachability. Use Internal, Exterior, or Reject.
Type(Internal)
Scope(0)
MetricsTag(0)
SmartSwitch #
:exterior
:
:
2p›F Press the Esc key to back out of any command before you enter the last value.
2.6 SMARTSWITCH ATM ADMINISTRATOR
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator is a Windows application that manages SmartCell ATM switches. It supports the
following operations:
U
U
U
Switch management
Emulated Local Area Network (ELAN) management
Connection management
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SmartSwitchATMAdministrator
U
U
Alarm management
Switch discovery
Additionally, the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator provides the following capabilities that are not available from the
console interface:
U
U
U
U
Use a graphical interface
Perform drag and drop operations
Manage all switches from one console
Perform transactions across multiple switches (for example, create an ELAN when the servers are
not co-located)
Figure 2-4 SmartSwitch ATM Administrator
2p›F Capabilities that are not available from the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator are
debugging and tracing.
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SmartSwitch ATM Administrator
Switch Installation and Setup
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator can be installed on a PC running Windows NT 4.0, Windows NT 3.51, or Windows
95, and requires the following PC hardware configuration:
U
U
U
U
U
Pentium 133 Mhz or faster processor
20 MB disk space
32 MB RAM
Monitor with resolution of at least 800 x 600 pixels
Network connections (either Ethernet or ATM) to the switches you manage
2.6.1
Installation Steps
The installation process for SmartSwitch ATM Administrator is essentially the same for all the supported operating
systems. Follow these instructions for installation on NT 4.0, NT 3.51, or Win95.
s• If you are using diskettes, make backup copies of the SmartSwitch ATM Administrator diskettes. Put
the original diskettes in a safe place; use them if your backup copies become unusable. Use your
backup copies to complete the installation procedure.
¢• Load Disk 1 into drive a or note the network <path> to the directory that contains the
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator files.
•• Start the installation software:
†
†
NT 4.0 or Win95, click Start then click Run
NT 3.51, select the File menu and click Run
T• Enter a:\setup.exe to install from drive a:
OR <path>\Disk1\setup.exeto install from the network
Q• The Software License Agreement dialog box appears. Follow the instructions on the screen and click
Yes to proceed.
–• The Welcome dialog box appears. Read the instructions and click Next to proceed.
•• The Choose Destination Location screen appears. Follow the instructions on the screen and click
Next. Setup performs the following tasks:
†
†
†
Copies several files to c:\ZXAdmin or to the destination you specified
Creates a program group called SmartCell ZX Network Management Tools (Common)
Creates icons in the group:
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator – starts the application
Online Help – starts the online help
Readme – displays release notes
UnInstall SmartSwitch ATM Administrator – removes the application from your PC
G• The Setup Complete dialog box appears. Read the message and click Finish.
n• The Information dialog box appears. Click OK.
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2.6.2
Starting SmartSwitch ATM Administrator the First Time
When you use SmartSwitch ATM Administrator for the first time, you should change the default passwords to prevent
unauthorized access to the application. The application arrives with two user accounts set up, as described in Table 2-3.
Table 2-3 Default accounts and passwords
User Name
admin
Access Level Default Password
Administrator
Guest
admin
guest
guest
s• In the SmartCell ZX Network Management Tools (Common) program group, double click on the
icon labeled SmartSwitch ATM Administrator. The SmartSwitch ATM Administrator Login dialog
box appears.
¢• Enter the default user name, admin. The user name is case sensitive.
•• Enter the default password, admin, and click the OK button or press Enter. The password is case
sensitive.
T• The SmartSwitch ATM Administrator window appears. On the Applications menu, select User
Management.
2.6.3
Accessing Online Help
All SmartSwitch ATM Administrator operations (including changing passwords and adding users) are documented
within the application’s online help. Follow these instructions to access the online help facility.
s• From the Help menu, select SmartSwitch ATM Administrator Help Topics.
¢• The Help Topics dialog box appears. You have three options for viewing online help:
†
Click the Contents tab to show the Table of Contents of the online help. Click on the topic you
wish to read about.
†
†
Click the Index tab to select from an alphabetical list of help topics.
Click the Find tab to search for a particular topic.
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3 IP OVER ATM AND LANE
This chapter describes working with the SmartSwitch 9A100 IP over ATM VLAN and emulated LAN capabilities. At
the end of this chapter you will be able to use your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch to
•
•
Create an IP over ATM VLAN
Create an emulated Ethernet LAN (LANE)
3.1 CREATING AN IP OVER ATM VLAN
This section describes implementing IP over ATM on your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch. The following assumptions
are made:
•
•
•
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch will have a client on the IP over ATM VLAN
The ARP server will reside on the switch and correspond to the address of the switch client
All end nodes (computers, edge devices, and so on) support Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)
1. Log into the switch, either through the terminal port or through the Ethernet interface by telnet.
2. Create a client on the switch and assign it as the ARP server for the VLAN.
SmartSwitch # add ipatmclient
ClientNumber(0) : 1
ServerType(NONE) : local < the ARP server is assigned to the switch client
ServerAddress() :
IPAddress() : 90.1.1.1
< IP address is for example only
NetMask(255.0.0.0) : 255.255.255.0
MTU(9180) :
< subnet mask is for example only
SmartSwitch #
The example above creates a client on the switch, designates the client as the ARP server for the VLAN
(ServerType= local), and assigns the client an IP address and subnet mask.
Note
Note
The command add ipatmclientalways prompts you with a subnet mask that is
appropriate for the IP address. However, if necessary, you can change the subnet
mask to correspond to the strategy employed within your networks.
Never create an IP over ATM VLAN (or an IP over ATM client) with the same
subnet as the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet port.
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3. Enter the show clientcommand to make sure the client is operational and to obtain the 20-byte
ATM address of the ARP server. For instance, if you used the client number (client 1) from the
example in step 2, enter the following command.
SmartSwitch # show client 1
IP/ATM Client 1
============================================================================
Client State
Client Address
Server
: Operational
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:01:00
: is local
Server Connection : Established
MTU
: 9180
IP Address
IP NetMask
SmartSwitch #
: 90.1.1.1
: 255.255.255.0
4. Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the SmartSwitch 9A100 ports.
Note
Your end nodes do not need to be physically attached to the switch that contains
the ARP server. For example, an end station is connected to a SmartSwitch 9A100
switch that is connected through a route to the switch containing the ARP server.
No special configuration is needed for this end station to participate in the VLAN
because the end station automatically finds its path across the route to the ARP
server and the other VLAN members.
5. Configure the ATM interface or adapter for end nodes and edge devices. Typically, configuration
consists of designating IP over ATM as the protocol, assigning the device an IP address, and
specifying the 20-byte ATM address of the ARP server (the switch’s client address). For details on
the SmartSwitch 9A100 automatic addressing scheme for IP over ATM, see Section 3.1.1.
6. As your end devices are configured and started, they register with the ARP server. You can test
whether your IP over ATM VLAN is functional by pinging from one end device to another.
To make certain that all end devices are registered with the ARP server, you can inspect the switch’s ARP table using
the show ipatmarpcommand. For example, if three end devices with IP addresses 90.1.1.2, 90.1.1.3, and 90.1.1.4 are
added to the VLAN, the following ARP table entries should exist:
SmartSwitch # show ipatmarp
ClientNumber(ALL)
:
IP/ATM Server 1 ARP Table
IP Address
ATM Address
============================================================================
90.1.1.2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:02:00
IP/ATM Server 3 ARP Table
IP Address
ATM Address
============================================================================
90.1.1.3 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:03:00
IP/ATM Server 5 ARP Table
IP Address
ATM Address
============================================================================
90.1.1.4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:04:00
SmartSwitch #
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Note
If configured devices fail to join the VLAN, see Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, “UNI
Routes.” Also, see Chapter 5, Section 5.1, “Troubleshooting IP Over ATM.”
You have completed the process for creating an IP over ATM VLAN. Continue to the next section for instructions on
creating an emulated LAN or go to Chapter 4, “Switch Administration,” for information about SmartSwitch 9A100
switch operations and maintenance.
3.1.1
ATM Addressing for IP over ATM
The SmartSwitch 9A100 provides a default format for ATM addresses used by IP over ATM. The default format is
constructed as follows:
netprefix + two zero bytes + IP address of the device (in hex) + a trailing zero byte
Where the netprefix is constructed from
39 + nine zero bytes + the last three bytes of the device’s MAC address
00:20:D4:14:41:80 and
90.1.1.1,
then
For instance, if the switch’s MAC address is
the switch’s client IP address is
20
the -byte ATM address of the ARP server is
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:00:5A:01:01:01:00
Where
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80
= netprefix
00:00
= two trailing zeros
5A:01:01:01
= IP address 90.1.1.1 in hexadecimal
= trailing zeros byte
00
3.2 CREATING AN EMULATED LAN
This section describes the steps for implementing an Ethernet Emulated LAN (ELAN) on your SmartSwitch 9A100
switch. The following assumptions are made:
•
•
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch will contain a client on the ELAN.
All end nodes (computers, edge devices, other switches, and so on) support the Well Known LECS
Address or can obtain the address of the LECS using ILMI.
•
All end nodes support Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs).
Note
An ELAN comes pre-configured on SmartSwitch 9A100 switches. The ELAN
name is “ELAN000.” To use this ELAN, start the LECS, configure your end nodes
and edge devices to use this ELAN000, and then plug them into the
SmartSwitch 9A100.
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1. Enter the start LECScommand to activate LANE server services on this switch.
SmartSwitch # start lecs
NOTICE - 'LECS' ***** LECS started *****
SmartSwitch #
2. Create an ELAN on your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch by executing the add elancommand. The
following is an example.
SmartSwitch # add elan
ELANNumber(0) : 1
<1 is used instead of the default, (0)
ELANName(ELAN001): Marketing <ELAN is named Marketing instead of the default, (ELAN000)
ConnectMethod(SVC):
ELANType(802.3)
Multipoint(YES) :
MTU(1516) :
<The default (Ethernet) is used
Distribute(PROXY) :
SmartSwitch #
3. Create a client for the switch on the ELAN. For example, enter
SmartSwitch # add laneclient
ClientNumber(0) :1
<One is used instead of the default, (0)
LanName(ELAN001) : Marketing < ELAN name is Marketing, not the default, (ELAN001)
ServerType(LECS) :
ServerAddress()
<No LANE server address is specified; see note below
IPAddress() : 90.1.1.1 < IP address and subnet mask are included only as examples
NetMask(255.0.0.0): 255.255.255.0
MTU(1516) :
SmartSwitch #
Note
Note
The command add laneclientalways prompts you with a subnet mask that is
appropriate for the IP address. However, if necessary, you can change the subnet
mask to correspond to the strategy employed within your networks.
When you create a client, it automatically finds the LECS address using ILMI.
As the local client joins the ELAN, the following messages are sent to the Event log:
NOTICE - 'ZLESSRV' LES Join 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:
14:41:82:00
NOTICE - 'ZLESSRV' BUS Connect 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:
14:41:82:00
Caution Never create an ELAN (or ELAN client) with the same subnet as the
SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet port.
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4. Enter the show clientcommand to make certain that the client is operational.
SmartSwitch # show client 1
LANE Client 1
============================================================================
Client State
Client Address
LAN Name
: Operational
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:81:00
: Marketing
LECS Addr Source : ILMI
LECS Address
LES Address
LAN Type
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:80:01
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41:82:02
: 802.3
MTU
: 1516
IP Address
IP NetMask
SmartSwitch #
: 90.1.1.1
: 255.255.255.0
Note
While creating an ELAN client for the switch is not absolutely necessary, it does
provide management connectivity with the switch over its ATM ports (instead of
the Ethernet port). See Chapter 4, “Switch Administration” for information about
how to reach switches not directly connected to the Ethernet network.
5. Physically connect your end nodes and edge devices to the SmartSwitch 9A100 ports.
6. Configure the ATM interface or adapter for all end nodes and edge devices. Typically, configuration
consists of specifying LAN Emulation as the protocol, assigning the device an IP address that
corresponds to the subnet of the switch’s client, and indicating that you want the device to either
acquire the LECS address through ILMI or use the Well Known Address as the address for the
LECS. For details on the SmartSwitch 9A100 automatic addressing scheme for LANE, see
Section 3.2.1.
7. As each end device registers with the LES and BUS, messages are sent to the event log of the
SmartSwitch 9A100 containing the LECS. You can check connectivity by pinging between end
nodes.
Note
If configured devices fail to join the ELAN, see Chapter 4, Section 4.2.2, “UNI
Routes.” Also, see Chapter 5, Section 5.2, “Troubleshooting LAN Emulation.”
Your ELAN is now operational. Additional ELANs can be created in the same way. See Chapter 4, “Switch
Administration,” for information about SmartSwitch 9A100 switch operations and maintenance.
Note
While it is possible for a single ELAN on the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch to
support multiple subnets, in general, switch performance is best (and management
easiest) when the “One-subnet-per-ELAN” rule is observed.
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3.2.1
ATM Addressing for LAN Emulation
The SmartSwitch 9A100 provides a default format for ATM addresses used by LAN emulation. The default format is
constructed as follows:
netprefix + the MAC address of the device + a Selector Byte
Where the netprefix is constructed from
39 + nine zero bytes + the last three bytes of the switch’s MAC address
The Selector Byte specifies to whom the ATM address belongs.
00
01
02
= LEC
= LECS
= LES or BUS
00:20:D4:14:41:80
, then the 20-byte ATM address of the LECS is:
For instance, if the switch’s MAC address is
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:
Where
00:20:D4:14:41:80:01
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80 = netprefix
00:20:D4:14:41:80 = the switch’s MAC address
01 = the Selector Byte indicating that this is the LECS
Additionally, within both the LES and BUS addresses, the byte that corresponds to the last byte of the MAC address
is summed with the ELAN number. For example, the ATM address of the LESs on ELAN000, ELAN001, and
ELAN010 are
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41: :02
80
LES for ELAN000 =
LES for ELAN001 =
LES for ELAN010 =
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41: :02
81
39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:D4:14:41: :02
8A
3.2.2
ELANs Across Multiple Switches
ELANs can exist within a single switch, or they can span multiple switches. When an ELAN spans multiple switches,
it’s important that all switches within the group use the same LECS. The general rule is: “Within an administrative
domain (a group of switches with related ELANs), there should be one and only one LECS.” For this reason, never
start the LECS on more than one switch within the administrative domain.
If an uplink or end node does not support PNNI, or if its version of ILMI is
incompatible, it may be necessary to set up a static route between the device and
the rest of the ELAN. See Section 4.2, “ATM Routing.”
Note
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3.2.3
Switch Clients
It is important to understand the concept of SmartSwitch 9A100 switch client connections. A client connection is
actually a connection between the VLAN and the SmartSwitch 9A100 CPU; this CPU connection appears as if the
switch is an end station on the VLAN. The SmartSwitch 9A100 uses local clients to connect itself to the VLANs that
it supports.
This is analogous to a phone company that supports a communication system. Even though the phone company
maintains the circuits, a call to the phone company itself cannot be made unless the phone company has its own number
and connection on its own phone system. Similarly, VLAN membership (and the reachability) of a
SmartSwitch 9A100 on any particular VLAN depends upon whether the SmartSwitch 9A100 has a local client
connection for that VLAN.
Clients are created using the command add laneclientfor LAN emulation, and add ipatmclientfor IP over ATM.
For example, the following command adds a switch client to the ELAN elan1:
SmartSwitch# add laneclient
ClientNumber(0)
LanName(ELAN001)
ServerType(LECS)
ServerAddress()
IPAddress()
: 1
: elan1
:
:
: 128.213.77.95
NetMask(255.255.0.0)
MTU(1516)
:
:
SmartSwitch#
Prior to creating this local client connection, end devices could communicate with each other through elan1, but they
could not communicate with the SmartSwitch 9A100.
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4 SWITCH ADMINISTRATION
This chapter contains software and hardware procedures that you might need to perform on your SmartSwitch 9A100
switch. These procedures include
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Backing up switch configuration
Creating routes and connecting switches
Using switch events and alarms
Creating PVC connections
Managing switch traffic
Using low-level boot load switch commands
Upgrading switch software
Saving switch core dumps to a TFTP server
4.1 BACKING UP AND RESTORING SWITCH
CONFIGURATION
Once your SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM switch is up and running or you have made extensive changes to the
configuration, you should back up the switch configuration. If the flash RAM gets formatted or corrupted, you can
restore the switch configuration from the backup file.
Note
The backupcommand backs up only the configuration files. It does not back up
an image of the operating software.
To perform a back up or restore, you must have TFTP server software running on an end station that’s reachable by the
SmartSwitch 9A100. The backupcommand copies the configuration files on the switch to a directory specified by the
TFTP server software. Often, this directory is /tftpboot; however, it may be different with your TFTP server software.
Backup file names can be anything. Both the target backup directory and its file must exist and have appropriate read
and write permissions for the backup to complete successfully.
The backupcommand prompts you for the IP address of the TFTP server end station, the backup path, and the name
of the file within which you are saving the configuration. For example, if the IP address of the TFTP server end station
is 90.1.1.100, and you want to save the switch configuration in the file named config-1 under the directory /back_dir,
enter the following:
SmartSwitch# backup switch
ServerIP() : 90.1.1.100
Path() : /back_dir/config-1
SmartSwitch #
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Switch Administration
The switch stores the IP address of the TFTP server, the path, and the backup file name. The next time you enter the
backupor restorecommands, these values are presented as the default IP address and path. For example, when you
enter the restorecommand, the following display appears:
SmartSwitch# restore switch
ServerIP(90.1.1.100) :
Path(/back_dir/config-1) :
SmartSwitch #
Backup file is valid.
Restoring a backup file will completely replace any data stored in the flash.
Are you sure this is what you want to do?
Confirm(y/n)?: y
SmartCell ZX #
Note
You must reboot the switch for the restoreto take effect.
4.2 ATM ROUTING
The SmartSwitch 9A100 default routing protocol is PNNI version 1.0. PNNI provides automatic and dynamic
connectivity among all PNNI nodes within the same peer group. For purposes of interoperability, however, the
SmartSwitch 9A100 also supports these additional ATM routing protocols:
•
•
IISP — Use to connect with devices that do not support PNNI
UNI — Use to connect end stations (also to connect devices whose implementation of ILMI is
incompatible with the SmartSwitch 9A100)
Note
Both IISP and UNI routes are created and modified using the ATMRoutecommand.
The proper route type is determined by the SmartSwitch 9A100 through interface
signaling information.
4.2.1
Creating an IISP Route
Use the add ATMRoutecommand to create an IISP route that links the SmartSwitch 9A100 to a device that supports
only IISP routing. For example,
1. Physically connect port b2of the SmartSwitch 9A100 to the IISP device.
2. Enter show NetPrefixto determine the net prefix of port b2on the SmartSwitch 9A100:
SmartSwitch # show netprefix b2
Port
==============================================================================
B2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80
NetPrefix
SmartSwitch #
3. Determine the address of the IISP device. (For this example, this could be a port address, we use
52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80)
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4. Enter the add ATMRoutecommand to create a static route to the IISP device:
SmartSwitch # add atmroute
PortNumber(A1) : b2
AtmAddress() : 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80
PrefixLength(104) :
Index(0) :
Type(Internal) :exterior
Scope(0) :
MetricsTag(0) :
SmartSwitch #
Note
The add ATMRoutecommand allows you to specify a set of metrics to be used with
the route. For more on metrics and metric tags, see Section 4.2.3 “Route Metrics.”
5. Enter the show ATMRoutecommand to determine whether the route was created:
SmartSwitch # show atmroute
AddressNumber(ALL)
:
No. Port Route Address
Type Protocol
================================================================================
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:80
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:81
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:e9:80
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:f5:00
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
MGMT
MGMT
PNNI
PNNI
PNNI
MGMT
MGMT
B4 47:00:79:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:a0:3e:00:00:01
B2 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80
SmartSwitch #
The route to the IISP device appears on the last line (Route No. 7).
6. Create a route on the IISP device that refers to the net prefix
(39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80) of port b2on the SmartSwitch 9A100.
Note
For IISP routes to work with certain devices, ILMI may also need to be disabled
on the SmartSwitch 9A100. Use the set PortConfigcommand to disable ILMI
on the SmartSwitch 9A100 on a per-port basis.
IISP Routing Considerations
When creating routes between the SmartSwitch 9A100 (running PNNI) and IISP devices, the criteria that characterize
IISP connectivity still apply. To reach a SmartSwitch 9A100 within the PNNI domain, the IISP device must have a
configured route that points directly to a port on the target SmartSwitch 9A100. Conversely, there must be a
SmartCell 9A100 that has a direct physical link (and a route over that link) to the IISP device. The following two
examples illustrate this point.
In Figure 4-1 Switch A is an IISP device connected to the PNNI domain through Switch B. Switch A contains an LEC,
which is a member of an ELAN whose LECS is on Switch C (within the PNNI domain). If the LEC on Switch A is to
make contact with the LECS on Switch C, Switch A must contain an IISP route (denoted by the dotted line) directly
to switch C. Furthermore, Switch B must contain a route to switch A over the physical link that connects the two
switches.
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide 4-3
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ATM Routing
Switch Administration
Note
Dotted lines in the diagrams below represent one-way routes to the devices
pointed to by the arrowheads. Each route is defined on the device from which the
dotted line originates.
A
B
LEC
Physical link
IISP route
C
LECS
IISP Domain
PNNI Domain
Figure 4-1 IISP route across PNNI domain
A second IISP device (Switch D) is added behind Switch A. If Switch D also needs to reach Switch C for LECS
support, you must define additional IISP routes between Switches D and C, B and D, and A and D. Figure 4-2 shows
the typical “route to every point reached” IISP topology.
D
A
B
LEC
LEC
Physical link
IISP route
C
LECS
IISP Domain
PNNI Domain
Figure 4-2 Routes needed for a second IISP switch
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Switch Administration
ATMRouting
4.2.2
UNI Routes
Use the add ATMRoutecommand to create UNI routes. For example, connect an end station adapter (with MAC address
00:11:22:33:44:55) to port A2 of the SmartSwitch 9A100. If the adapter does not support ILMI or its ILMI is
incompatible with the SmartSwitch 9A100, you must create a static UNI route between the adapter and port A2 of the
SmartSwitch 9A100.
1. Enter the show netprefixcommand to obtain the netprefix of port A2
SmartSwitch # show netprefix
PortNumber(ALL)
Port# NetPrefix
============================================================================
A2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00
: a2
SmartSwitch #
2. Reconfigure the adapter with an ATM address made from the netprefix of port A2 and the adapter’s
MAC address: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55:00.
3. Use the add ATMRoutecommand to create a static UNI route that specifies port A2 and the adapter’s
new ATM address.
SmartSwitch # add atmroute
PortNumber(A1)
AtmAddress()
PrefixLength(152)
Index(0)
Type(Internal)
Scope(0)
: a2
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55:00
:
:
:
:
:
MetricsTag(0)
SmartSwitch #
4. Enter the show ATMRoutecommand to check that the UNI route was added.
SmartSwitch # show atmroute
AddressNumber(ALL)
:
No. Port Route Address
Type Protocol
================================================================================
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:80
B4 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:41:80:00:20:d4:14:41:81
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00
A2 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:59:00:00:11:22:33:44:55
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:e9:80
-- 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:28:f5:00
B4 47:00:79:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:a0:3e:00:00:01
B2 52:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:14:51:80
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
MGMT
MGMT
PNNI
MGMT
PNNI
PNNI
MGMT
MGMT
SmartCell ZX #
The UNI route appears in the table as route number four (No. 4).
Note
For UNI routes to work with certain devices, ILMI may also need to be disabled
on the SmartSwitch 9A100. Use the set PortConfigcommand to disable ILMI
on the SmartSwitch 9A100 on a per-port basis.
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ATM Routing
Switch Administration
4.2.3
Route Metrics
Route metrics are assigned to routes using a metric tag (one of the input parameters for add ATMRoute). The metric tag
specifies a particular pair of incoming and outgoing metrics contained within a list of metrics. Metrics are created using
the add PNNIMetriccommand. Each metric pair specifies a set of values that describe a route’s Service Category, cell
rates, bandwidth, and administrative weight. Locally, metric values determine the behavior of the link, while
network-wide, PNNI’s Generic Call Admission Control (GCAC) assesses metrics when establishing calls.
In the following example, a metric pair is created (with metric tag of nine) that specifies CBR as the Service Category,
administrative weight of 200, Max Cell Rate of 1000 cells per second, and an Available Cell Rate of 750 cells per
second.
First, we create the outgoing member of the metric pair:
SmartSwitch # add pnnimetrics
MetricsTag(1)
: 9
TrafficDirection(Outgoing)
ServiceCategory(UBR)
GCAC_CLP(2)
:
< 1st pair member, we accept the default
: cbr
:
AdminWeight(5040)
: 200
MaxCellRate(-1)
: 1000
AvailableCellRate(-1)
MaximumCellTransferDelay(-1)
CellDelayVariation(-1)
CellLossRatioForCLP=0(-1)
CellLossRatioForCLP=0+1(-1)
CellRateMargin(-1)
: 750
:
:
:
:
:
:
VarianceFactor(-1)
Next, we create the incoming member of the metric pair:
SmartSwitch # add pnnimetrics
MetricsTag(1)
: 9
TrafficDirection(Outgoing)
ServiceCategory(UBR)
GCAC_CLP(2)
: incoming < 2nd pair member, we set as incoming
: cbr
:
AdminWeight(5040)
: 200
MaxCellRate(-1)
: 1000
AvailableCellRate(-1)
MaximumCellTransferDelay(-1)
CellDelayVariation(-1)
CellLossRatioForCLP=0(-1)
CellLossRatioForCLP=0+1(-1)
CellRateMargin(-1)
: 750
:
:
:
:
:
:
VarianceFactor(-1)
SmartSwitch #
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Switch Administration
IPRouting
Enter show PNNIMetricto view the newly created metric pair:
SmartSwitch # show pnnimetrics
Metrics(ALL)
:
Metrics Metrics Tag Direction Index
GCAC CLP Admin Wt Service Categories
================================================================================
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0x9
0x9
Incoming 0x10
Outgoing 0x10
Outgoing 0x1
Outgoing 0x2
Outgoing 0x4
Outgoing 0x18
Outgoing 0x1
Outgoing 0x2
Outgoing 0x4
Outgoing 0x18
CLP0+1
CLP0+1
CLP0+1
CLP0+1
CLP0
200
200
CBR
CBR
UBR
ABR
NRTVBR
CBR RTVBR
UBR
ABR
NRTVBR
CBR RTVBR
0x111113
0x111113
0x111113
0x111113
0x111114
0x111114
0x111114
0x111114
5040
5040
5040
5040
5040
5040
5040
5040
CLP0
CLP0+1
CLP0+1
CLP0
9
10
CLP0
SmartSwitch #
The newly created metric pair appears at the top of the list.
Once the metric is created, we can specify its metric tag number within the definition of a route:
SmartSwitch # add atmroute
PortNumber(A1)
AtmAddress()
PrefixLength(104)
Index(0)
Type(Internal)
Scope(0)
: b2
: 39:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:55:77:88
:
:
:
:
MetricsTag(0)
SmartSwitch #
: 9
< The index tag of our metric pair
Administrative Weight and Parallel Routes
A route’s administrative weight defines its desirability to the PNNI routing service with regard to computing a path to
a particular location. The lower the administrative weight, the more desirable the route. For example, a route with
administrative weight 200 is considered a better route than one with the default weight of 5040. As a result, the
administrative weight provides a quantitative way to control which routes are favored for call set up.
The ability to control the PNNI routing service in this fashion allows for parallel routes into an IISP domain to be
weighted such that one route is designated as the default, while the other becomes the backup route. This
default/backup routing topology is typically used where a link to a particular domain requires a high degree of
reliability. If the default route becomes congested or reaches its bandwidth limit, the routing service can initiate load
sharing by routing additional calls through the backup route.
4.3 IP ROUTING
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch provides limited IP routing. IP routing allows switches that are not connected directly
to Ethernet to communicate with an Ethernet-based network management system (NMS). The connection is made by
adding IP routes on the non-connected switches that specify a client on a connected switch as their gateway to the
Ethernet.
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IP Routing
Switch Administration
Note
SmartSwitch 9A100 IP routing performance is inadequate for routing between
VLANs. If you need to create routes between VLANs on your
SmartSwitch 9A100, use a router equipped with an ATM interface. Consult
Cabletron Customer Support for recommended routers.
For example,
•
•
•
•
•
•
Switch SW1 and the NMS are on an Ethernet network with address 128.205.99.0.
The IP address of SW1's Ethernet port is 128.205.99.254.
The IP address of SW1's LANE client is 90.1.1.254.
The IP address of SW2's LANE client is 90.1.1.33.
SW2 is not physically connected to the Ethernet network.
SW2 is connected to SW1 through PNNI, and are both part of the same emulated LAN.
To reach SW2 with the Ethernet-based NMS, create an IP route that assigns SW1's switch client as SW2's default
gateway to the network 128.205.99.0. Enter the following on SW2 (see Figure 4-3):
SmartSwitch # add route
DestNetIP() : 128.205.99.0 < address of the Ethernet network to reach
GatewayIP() : 90.1.1.254
< IP address of SW1's LANE client
SmartSwitch #
Switch SW2 can communicate with the NMS on the Ethernet network.
To see the route, enter the show routecommand on SW2
SmartSwitch # show route
ROUTE NET TABLE
destination
gateway
flags Refcnt Use
Interface
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.0.0.0
90.1.1.0
128.205.99.0
0.0.0.0
90.1.1.33
90.1.1.254
1
1
1
0
0
3
0
zn0
zn1
ei0
1688
5660
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ROUTE HOST TABLE
destination
------------------------------------------------------------------------
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 lo0
gateway
flags Refcnt Use
Interface
5
0
0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SmartSwitch #
Note
The NMS must contain a route that specifies the Ethernet interface of the Ethernet
connected switch as the gateway to the ELAN subnet.
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Switch Administration
EventsandAlarms
Switch client
on SW2, 90.1.1.33
SW2
ELAN
Switch client on SW1 is
defined as SW2’s
gateway to the Ethernet
NMS
SW1
Switch client
on SW1,
90.1.1.254
Ethernet interface
128.205.99.254
Ethernet network 128.205.99.0
Figure 4-3 IP routing through SW1 for connectivity to the Ethernet network
4.4 EVENTS AND ALARMS
The SmartSwitch 9A100 switch records and reports its operation in real-time through the use of events and alarms. An
event is an occurrence of a significant activity. For instance, a port going down or a client joining an ELAN are
examples of events. Alarms are a specific class of events defined as “events that the user needs to know about or attend
to immediately.” Alarms do not always indicate switch faults. Alarms may also be informational events. For instance,
“LECS Operational” is an example of an alarm that is not a switch fault, but is an activity that the user should know
about immediately.
4.4.1
Event Categories
Events are grouped into the following categories:
•
•
•
•
Critical — Impacts the entire switch, leaving the system unavailable or in a degraded state
Major — Impacts a feature of the switch, leaving the feature unavailable or in a degraded state
Minor — Impacts the system or feature, leaving it in a sub-optimal state
Informational — An occurrence of an activity that the user should know about
Both events and alarms are stored within circular memory buffers. When the buffers become full, older events and
alarms are overwritten by newer entries. Both events and alarms are stored in shared RAM. However, the 40 most
recent alarms are also stored in flash RAM. Storing these 40 alarms in flash RAM makes them persistent between
reboots of the SmartSwitch 9A100 and provides information about the state of the switch prior to reboot.
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Events and Alarms
Switch Administration
4.4.2
Viewing Events and Alarms
Use the show eventscommand to view a list of the currently logged events. For example,
SmartSwitch # show events
Index(ALL)
:
0 MINOR EVENT
000:00:08:410
---------------------------------------------------
SAAL connection has become active, initiated by the peer
Port ID 0x0000000b
Protocol 0x02
1 MINOR EVENT
000:00:08:578
---------------------------------------------------
SAAL connection has become active, initiated by the peer
Port ID 0x0000000b
Protocol 0x02
2 MINOR EVENT
000:00:29:560
---------------------------------------------------
Sendto failed for IP address 206.61.231.153
More(<space>/q)?:
Events are displayed in the following format:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Event number — The index number of the event in the circular buffer
Event ID — A unique ID assigned to the event
Time — Time of event, in switch up-time in hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds
Category — Whether this event is critical, major, minor, or informational
Object — The object affected by the event (port, LEC, and so on)
Description — Brief message describing the event
Event messages can be automatically displayed on the SmartSwitch 9A100 console. Use the set EventDisplay
command to display events on the console as they occur:
SmartSwitch # set eventdisplay
EventDisplay(OFF)
SmartSwitch #
: on
Note
Depending on the activity of your SmartSwitch 9A100, the appearance of events
may be too frequent to use the console comfortably. It is recommended that you
turn on the automatic display of events only when troubleshooting.
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Switch Administration
PVCConnections
Use the show alarmscommand to view a list of the currently logged alarms. For example,
SmartSwitch # show alarms
Index(ALL)
:
0 000:00:31:164
---------------------------------------------------
LECS Operational
---------------------------------------------------
Failed to re-establish SAAL connection
Port ID 0x0000000b
T309
10000
1 043:15:56:718
---------------------------------------------------
Failed to re-establish SAAL connection
Port ID 0x0000000b
T309
10000
2 043:29:55:392
More(<space>/q)?:
Alarms are displayed in the following format:
•
•
•
•
•
Alarm number — The index number of the alarm in the circular buffer
Alarm ID — A unique ID assigned to the alarm
Time — Time of alarm, in switch up-time in hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds
Object — The object affected by the alarm (port, LEC, and so on)
Description — Brief message describing the alarm
Alarm messages can be automatically displayed on the SmartSwitch 9A100 console. Use the set AlarmDisplay
command to display alarms on the console as they occur:
SmartSwitch # set alarmdisplay
alarmDisplay(OFF)
SmartSwitch #
: on
4.4.3
Deleting Events and Alarms
To delete events or alarms currently logged within your SmartSwitch 9A100, use the delete eventsand delete
alarmscommands, respectively.
4.5
PVC CONNECTIONS
The SmartSwitch 9A100 supports Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs), both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint.
Use PVCs to connect devices (that do not support SVCs) to a switch’s local client. Also, use PVCs to make connections
through the SmartSwitch 9A100 between devices that support only PVCs.
Use point-to-point PVCs to connect one end node to another for two-way communication. Use point-to-multipoint
PVCs to connect a broadcast end node to a group of receiving end nodes; traffic is one way.
Note
PVCs use traffic descriptors to define their traffic characteristics. If you are
unfamiliar with traffic descriptors, see Section 4.6.1, “Traffic Descriptors.”
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PVC Connections
Switch Administration
4.5.1
Point-to-Point PVCs
The procedure for setting up a PVC connection between two end nodes through the SmartSwitch 9A100 consists of
specifying the ports and the virtual path and virtual channel identifiers (VPI and VCI).
1. Use add trafficdescriptorto define a traffic descriptor to use with the PVC.
SmartSwitch # add trafficdescriptor
TrafficType(UBR)
TrafficDescriptorType(2)
PCRCLP01(100)
PCRCLP0(0)
SCRCLP01(0)
SCRCLP0(0)
MBSCLP01(0)
MBSCLP0(0)
QOSCLASS(1)
AalType(5)
: cbr
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
SmartSwitch #
For this example, we specify CBR as the traffic type, then take the remaining defaults. Enter the show
trafficdescriptorcommand to obtain the index number of the new traffic descriptor. In this example, the index
number is two (2).
SmartSwitch # show trafficdescriptor
==================================================================================
TD# Traff
Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal
Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type
CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1
==================================================================================
Type
2
CBR
2
2
1
1
0
0
100
1585
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
176 NRTVBR
SmartSwitch #
2. Use add pvcto create the PVC; specify the ports through which the connection is established, the
VPI/VCI pair to use with each port, and the traffic descriptor to use.
SmartSwitch # add pvc
ConnType(PTP)
LowPortID()
LowVPI()
:
: c1
: 0
<we specify port c1
<we specify VPI = 0
LowVCI()
: 100 <we use VCI = 100
HighPortID()
HighVPI()
: b2
: 0
<we specify port b2
HighVCI()
: 100
: 2
: 2
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex()
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex()
SmartSwitch #
<we use our created traffic descriptor
<we use our created traffic descriptor
The example above creates a PVC between ports C1 and B2 with VPI/VCI = 0/100.
3. Plug the end nodes into the specified SmartSwitch 9A100 ports (C1 and B2).
4. Configure each end node with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and VPI/VCI pair = 0/100.
The end nodes can communicate with each other through the point-to-point PVC connection.
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Switch Administration
PVCConnections
4.5.2
Point-to-Multipoint PVCs
Instructions in this section describe how to set up a point-to-multipoint connection through your SmartSwitch 9A100.
Example: Create a point-to-multipoint connection between a broadcasting workstation on port A1 and three other
workstations connected to ports B2, B3, and C1.
1. Use add trafficdescriptorto create two new traffic descriptors, one for the forward direction,
the other for the backward direction. For this example, for the forward traffic descriptor, we select
UBR and accept the defaults.
SmartSwitch # add trafficdescriptor
TrafficType(UBR)
TrafficDescriptorType(11)
PCRCLP01(100)
PCRCLP0(0)
SCRCLP01(0)
SCRCLP0(0)
MBSCLP01(0)
MBSCLP0(0)
<this is the forward descriptor
<we use UBR for this example
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
<we take the default values
QOSCLASS(0)
AalType(5)
md1 #
However, on a point-to-multipoint connection there should be no traffic in the backward direction, so we define the
backward traffic descriptor with its Cell Loss Priorities set to zero (0).
md1 #add trafficdescriptor
TrafficType(UBR)
TrafficDescriptorType(11)
PCRCLP01(100)
PCRCLP0(0)
<this is the backward descriptor
:
:
:0
:
<we set everything to zero
SCRCLP01(0)
:
SCRCLP0(0)
:
MBSCLP01(0)
:
MBSCLP0(0)
:
QOSCLASS(0)
:
AalType(5)
:
SmartSwitch #
2. Use show trafficdescriptorto obtain the new traffic descriptors’ index numbers.
SmartSwitch # show trafficdescriptor
==================================================================================
TD# Traff
Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal
Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type
CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1
==================================================================================
Type
2
6
7
CBR
UBR
UBR
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
11
11
2
176 NRTVBR
1585
SmartSwitch #
In the example above, traffic descriptor six (6) will be used in the forward direction, and traffic descriptor seven (7)
will be used in the backward direction.
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PVC Connections
Switch Administration
3. Use add pvcto successively create point-to-multipoint PVCs for ports B2, B3, and C1.
SmartSwitch # add pvc
ConnType(PTP)
LowPortID()
LowVPI()
: pmp
: a1
: 0
LowVCI()
HighPortID()
HighVPI()
: 101
: b2
: 0
HighVCI()
: 101
: 6
: 7
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex()
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex()
SmartSwitch #
4. Perform step 3 for ports B3 and C1.
5. Connect the workstations to their respective ports.
6. Configure the workstations for the same subnet and VPI/VCI pair = 0/101.
The broadcasting workstation on port A1 can send traffic to the receiving workstations on ports B2, B3, and C1.
4.5.3
Connecting to Local Switch Client Through a PVC
All PVC connections to the SmartSwitch 9A100 local clients use B4 (the CPU port) as the HighPort.
Follow these instructions to connect an end node to a SmartSwitch 9A100 local client through a point-to-point PVC.
1. Use add pvcto create the PVC.
SmartSwitch # add pvc
ConnType(PTP)
LowPortID()
LowVPI()
:
<we use a point-to-point PVC
<for this example, we connect through port a1
: a1
: 0
LowVCI()
HighPortID()
HighVPI()
: 100
: b4
: 0
<HighPort must be b4
HighVCI()
: 100
: 2
: 2
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex()
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex()
SmartSwitch #
2. Use add ipatmclientto create the IP over ATM local client.
SmartSwitch # add ipatmclient
ClientNumber(0)
ServerType(NONE)
ServerAddress()
IPAddress()
: 2
<we use client # 2 in this example
: local <ARP server on the switch
:
: 10.1.1.0
NetMask(255.0.0.0)
MTU(9180)
:
:
SmartSwitch #
3. Use add ipatmpvcto associate the end node’s IP address with the PVC.
SmartSwitch # add ipatmpvc
ClientNumber(0)
DestinationIP()
DestinationVPI(0)
DestinationVCI(33)
SmartSwitch #
: 2
<specify local client number
: 10.1.1.22 <end node’s IP address
:
: 100
<VCI was specified as 100
4. Connect the end node to port A1 of the SmartSwitch 9A100.
5. Configure the end node with IP address 10.1.1.22, subnet mask 255.0.0.0, and VPI/VCI pair = 0/100.
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Switch Administration
PVCConnections
4.5.4
Non-zero VPIs
The SmartSwitch 9A100 uses 12 bits to define VPI/VCI pairs. The vccmaskdetermines how many of the 12 bits are
used for the VPI and how many are used for the VCI. The vccmaskuses a 2-bit register to hold four different VPI/VCI
12-bit combinations. Table 4-1 shows the registers and the values that come preconfigured on the SmartSwitch 9A100.
Table 4-1 Values for VPI and VCI
VCC Mask Index VPI Bits
VPI Values
0
VCI Bits
VCI Values
0 to 4096
0 to 1023
0 to 255
0
1
2
3
0
2
4
6
12
10
8
0 to 3
0 to 15
0 to 63
6
0 to 63
Use the show vccmaskcommand to view the four preconfigured VPI/VCI combinations.
SmartSwitch # show vccmask
MaskIndex
VpiShift
VciShift
(In bits)
(In bits)
============================================================================
0
1
2
3
0
2
4
6
12
10
8
6
SmartSwitch #
VCCMask combinations dictate what numerical values can be used for VPI/VCI pairs. Any VPI and VCI pairs that fit
the bit distribution of one of the indexed combinations can be used for defining a PVC. If the VPI and VCI values do
not fit one of the indexed combinations, the SmartSwitch 9A100 uses the closest matching indexed combination.
If you need to use values for VPI and VCI that do not fall within the range of one of the preconfigured indexed
combinations, use the set vccmaskcommand to replace one of the preconfigured combinations.
For example, change VCCMask indexed combination zero (0) from VPI = 0 bits and VCI = 12 bits to
VPI = 3 bits and VCI = 9 bits.
1. Use set vccmaskto change the VPI/VCI values to 3/9.
SmartSwitch # set vccmask
MaskIndex(0)
VPIShift(0)
VCIShift(12)
SmartSwitch #
: <we replace the first VPI/VCI pair
: 3
: 9
2. Use the show vccmaskcommand to see the new VPI/VCI combination.
SmartSwitch # show vccmask
MaskIndex
VpiShift
VciShift
(In bits)
(In bits)
============================================================================
0
1
2
3
3
2
4
6
9
10
8
<for index 0, VPI/VCI now equals 3/9
6
SmartSwitch #
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PVC Connections
Switch Administration
3. Use the set portconfigcommand to reconfigure a port to use the new values for VPI and VCI. For
example, to set up a PVC on port A1 using the new VPI/VCI bit ranges (3/9), enter
SmartSwitch # set portconfig a1
PortAdminStatus(up)
IlmiAdminStatus(enable)
IlmiAddressRegistration(enable)
IlmiConnectivity(enable)
SigType(autoConfig)
SigRole(other)
:
:
:
:
:
:
InterfaceType(private)
MaxVpiBits(0)
MaxVciBits(12)
:
: 3
: 9
:
MaxSvcVpi(7)
MinSvcVci(32)
:
MaxVccs(4096)
:
SmartSwitch #
4. Use show portconfigto see the change to port A1.
SmartSwitch # show portconfig a1
==================================================
Port: A1
--------------------------------------------------
Parameter
Configured
Current
--------------------------------------------------
Sig Type
autoConfig
pnni10
Sig Role
other
private
3
9
symmetric
private
Interface Type
Max vpi bits
Max vci bits
Max SVC vpci
Min SVC vci
Max Vccs
0
9
<VPI on port A1 can now be any 3-bit number
<VCI on port A1 can now be any 9-bit number
7
0
32
4096
32
4096
--------------------------------------------------
Other parameters
--------------------------------------------------
Port Admin Status
Ilmi Admin Status
Oper State
UP
Enabled AddressRegistration Connectivity
UP
Trans Type
Media Type
Bandwidth
STS-3c
MMF (S)
155 MB
SmartSwitch #
PVCs can be configured for port A1 using VPI values from 0 to 7 and VCI values from 0 to 511.
Note
Note
Do not set the VCI part of the VCCMask to fewer than 5 bits.
Do not change the VCCMask for the CPU port (B4).
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Switch Administration
TrafficManagement
4.6 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
This section describes how the SmartSwitch 9A100 manages bandwidth and congestion. It briefly describes console
commands that affect how the SmartSwitch 9A100 manages traffic. This section also provides guidelines for setting
some traffic control parameters.
Note
For information on troubleshooting traffic congestion problems, see Chapter 5,
“Troubleshooting.”
The SmartSwitch 9A100 has extensive abilities for managing the flow of traffic. Traffic management includes all
operations performed by the SmartSwitch 9A100 that ensure optimum switch throughput, where throughput is based
on rate of packet loss, available bandwidth, and traffic processing overhead. Under most conditions, the
SmartSwitch 9A100 can efficiently and automatically manage switch traffic. However, if necessary, you can adjust the
switch traffic management parameters. For example, it might be necessary to adjust parameters for a port that carries
a large amount of CBR traffic or a very large number of simultaneous connections.
The SmartSwitch 9A100 provides console commands that affect traffic flow on a global, port, or category-of-service
level. These console commands affect switch traffic flow by controlling
•
•
•
•
•
Bandwidth allocation
Call Admission Control (CAC) policies
The service category for a connection
Buffer memory allocation
Threshold settings for anti-congestion routines
Caution Do not change traffic control settings unless you have expert-level experience
with ATM switching. Back up the switch configuration before making changes.
Also, make notes of the changes you make to the traffic control parameters.
4.6.1
Traffic Descriptors
Traffic characteristics of an ATM source are signaled through a set of traffic descriptors during connection
establishment. The SmartSwitch 9A100 uses traffic descriptors for resource allocation during call set up and
guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) across the connection. The source traffic descriptor is a set of parameters that
describes the expected bandwidth utilization of a connection. You can set these parameters,
•
•
•
Peak Cell Rate (PCR)
Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) and Maximum Burst Size (MBS)
Minimum Cell Rate (MCR) and Initial Cell Rate (ICR) — signaled through UNI4.0 signaling only
Traffic descriptors vary for each QoS. If a connection is bi-directional, a traffic descriptor has to be assigned to each
direction and need not be the same in both directions.
SmartSwitch 9A100 user data cells are classified according to the state of a cell loss priority (CLP) bit in the header
of each cell. A CLP 1 cell has a lower priority than a CLP 0 cell and is discarded first. Source traffic descriptors can
specify CLP 0 cell traffic, CLP 1 cell traffic, or the aggregate CLP 0+1 traffic.
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Traffic Management
Switch Administration
Use the trafficdescriptorcommands to view, create, and delete traffic descriptors.
For example, enter the show trafficdescriptorcommand to view all currently defined traffic descriptors.
SmartSwitch # show trafficdescriptor
==================================================================================
TD# Traff
Desc QoS Peak Cell Rate Sust Cell Rate Max Burst Size Aal
Type (Kb/s) (Kb/s) (Kb/s) Type
CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1 CLP_0 CLP_0+1
==================================================================================
Type
2
6
7
CBR
UBR
UBR
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
11
11
2
176 NRTVBR
1585
SmartSwitch #
Note
You cannot use the default traffic descriptors for user-defined PVCs. All traffic
descriptors used to define PVCs must be created by the user.
The Descriptor Type parameter in the example above corresponds to the traffic descriptor types defined in the
UNI3.0/UNI3.1 specification. Descriptor types are specified numerically and correspond to the descriptions in
Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Traffic descriptor type number explanation
Type Number
Descriptor Characteristics
1
No Traffic Descriptor
2
Traffic Descriptor with no CLP and no SCR
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, no Tagging, and no SCR
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, Tagging, and no SCR
Traffic Descriptor with no CLP and SCR
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, no Tagging, and SCR
Traffic Descriptor with CLP, Tagging, and SCR
Traffic Descriptor with CLP and best effort
3
4
5
6
7
11
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TrafficManagement
A user-defined PVC must have user-defined traffic descriptors. For instance, if a video link over a PVC requires a
constant data flow of 5000 kb/s and a peak cell rate of 8000 kb/s, create a traffic descriptor for CBR traffic that specifies
5000 as the sustained cell rate and 8000 as the peak cell rate.
SmartSwitch # add trafficdescriptor
TrafficType(UBR)
TrafficDescriptorType(2)
PCRCLP01(100)
PCRCLP0(100)
SCRCLP01(0)
: cbr
: 3
: 8000
:
: 5000
SCRCLP0(0)
:
MBSCLP01(0)
: 10000
MBSCLP0(0)
QOSCLASS(1)
AalType(5)
:
:
:
SmartSwitch #
Each traffic descriptor is identified by a unique index number. Use the index number to specify which traffic descriptor
to use when setting up a PVC. For example, the add pvccommand prompts you for the traffic descriptor index.
SmartSwitch # add pvc
ConnType(PTP)
LowPort( )
:
: b1
LowVPI( )
:0
LowVCI( )
:100
HighPort( )
: b2
HighVPI( )
:0
HighVCI( )
:100
FwdTrafficDescriptorIndex( )
BkwTrafficDescriptorIndex( )
SmartSwitch #
: 3 < forward traffic descriptor index
: 2 < backward traffic descriptor index
Notice in the example above that you can use different traffic descriptors for forward and backward traffic.
4.6.2
Call Admission Control Policy
Call Admission Control (CAC) policy defines the bandwidth allocation scheme used by the CAC when setting up
connections. The SmartSwitch 9A100 offers three schemes that can be set on a per-port, per-service class basis,
•
•
•
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Under conservative policy, the CAC allocates bandwidth closest to the requested bandwidth and QoS parameters.
Conversely, liberal policy causes the CAC to allocate the least amount of bandwidth. And the CAC under moderate
policy allocates intermediate amounts of bandwidth.
Depending on the type of traffic on your network, each of these CAC policies has its advantages. For instance, liberal
policy allows a larger number of connections over that of the conservative or moderate policy. Liberal policy assumes
that the traffic pattern of individual VCs does not overlap most of the time. For example, if VC1 and VC2 are created
under the liberal CAC policy, it’s assumed that the probability of both VCs sending large bursts of cells at the same
time is relatively low. On the other hand, conservative policy assumes that there might be a larger overlap of traffic
from different VCs, and provides each VC with bandwidth closer to the requested bandwidth. This higher bandwidth
provides a guarantee of quality for each VC.
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Traffic Management
Switch Administration
Use the command show CACEqBwAllocScheme to view the current CAC policies used by each port for each QoS and
referenced by VPI.
SmartSwitch # show caceqbwallocscheme
PortID(ALL)
Vpi(0)
:
:
===========================================================
Port#
VPI
Alloc Scheme
for
CBR
RT-VBR NRT-VBR UBR
ABR
===========================================================
A1
A2
A3
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4(CPU)
C1
C2
C3
C4
D1
D2
D3
D4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
LIB
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
SmartSwitch #
If there are a large number of connections of a particular QoS on a particular port, and these connections begin to slow
down and show signs of congestion, use the set CACEqBwAllocSchemecommand to change the CAC policy to
moderate or conservative.
SmartSwitch # set caceqbwallocscheme
PortID(A1)
: b2
Vpi(0)
:
SeriveCategory(CBR)
AllocScheme(LIBERAL)
SmartSwitch #
: ubr
:conservative
The SmartSwitch 9A100 performs buffering using a shared-memory architecture. Buffer space is divided into queues
for each QoS. In turn, ports are allocated some portion of each of the QoS queues. This allocation is controlled on a
per-port basis by the porttrafficcongestioncommands.
Qos is defined on an end-to-end basis in terms of cell loss ratio, cell transfer delay, and cell delay variation.
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TrafficManagement
For example, enter the show porttrafficcongestioncommand to view current buffer utilization.
SmartSwitch # show porttrafficcongestion
PortNumber(ALL)
Port ID Queue 1
Min Max
============================================================================
:
Queue 2
Min Max
Queue 3
Queue 4
Min Max
Min
Max
A1
A2
A3
A4
B1
B2
B3
B4(CPU)
C1
C2
C3
C4
D1
D2
D3
D4
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 2000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 1000
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
20 16384
SmartSwitch #
Min and Max are thresholds set on a per-queue, per-port basis and are measured in cells (53 bytes). The Min threshold
is the amount of buffer space guaranteed to a call of a particular QoS on the corresponding port. The Max threshold is
the maximum amount of buffer space that a call of a particular QoS is allowed on the corresponding port.
QoS corresponds to the queues as follows:
•
•
•
•
Queue 1 — Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Queue 2 — Real Time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR)
Queue 3 — Non-real time Variable Bit Rate (Nrt-VBR)
Queue 4 — Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
If calls of a particular QoS type are being dropped on a particular port, use the set porttrafficcongestioncommand
to raise the port’s queue Min threshold.
For example, to change both the Min and Max amounts of buffer space used for CBR calls on port a3, enter the
following:
SmartSwitch # set porttrafficcongestion
Port(ALL)
: a3
Queue1MinimumCellCounter(20)
Queue2MinimumCellCounter(20)
Queue3MinimumCellCounter(20)
Queue4MinimumCellCounter(20)
Queue1MaximumCellCounter(1000)
Queue2MaximumCellCounter(2000)
Queue3MaximumCellCounter(1000)
Queue4MaximumCellCounter(16384)
SmartSwitch #
: 1000 < Min for CBR queue
:
:
:
: 10000 < Max for CBR queue
:
:
:
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Traffic Management
Switch Administration
Quality of Service Queue Allocation Guidelines
The following values are recommended settings for the Min and Max thresholds for the QoS queues under specific
sustained traffic conditions. Use the settings in Table 4-3 as guidelines for threshold settings.
Table 4-3 Settings for QoS queues
QoS Queue
CBR
Recommended Settings
fewer than 100 connections on a port: Min = 50, Max = 1000
more than 100 connections on a port: Min = 100, Max = 1000
bandwidth utilization less than 20%: Min = 10, Max = 1000*
bandwidth utilization more than 20 %: Min = 100, Max = 4000*
for port B4 (CPU): Min = 100, Max = 4000
CBR
rt-VBR
rt-VBR
Nrt-VBR
Nrt-VBR
UBR
for all other ports: Min = 10, Max = 1000
Min = 32, Max = 16,000
* Use the show cacstatscommand to view bandwidth utilization.
4.6.3
EFCI, EPD, and RM Thresholds
To control switch congestion, the SmartSwitch 9A100 implements standard resource management cell (RM-cell)
marking, explicit forward congestion indicator cell marking (with backward RM cell marking), and early packet
discard (EPD). These congestion control schemes are triggered when the number of cells within shared memory
reaches user-definable thresholds. Use the switchtrafficcongestioncommands to view and set these thresholds.
For example, enter the show switchtrafficcongestioncommand.
SmartSwitch # show switchtrafficcongestion
Switch Traffic Congestion Parameters
============================================================================
Queue 1 EFCI Threshold
Queue 2 EFCI Threshold
Queue 3 EFCI Threshold
Queue 4 EFCI Threshold
Low EPD Threshold
: 4096 cells
: 4096 cells
: 4096 cells
: 4096 cells
: 10922 cells
: 21845 cells
: 30508 cells
: ON
High EPD Threshold
Switch Discard Threshold
RM Cell Marking Enable
EFCI Cell Marking Enable
SmartSwitch #
: ON
EFCI thresholds are set on a per-QoS-queue basis, while EPD thresholds are set with respect to the total amount of
shared buffer used by all classes of service.
For most types of traffic, EPD triggering is tied to the low EPD threshold. Signaling traffic, however, is tied to the high
EPD threshold; this assures that signaling packets are discarded only when congestion is most severe.
Use the set switchtrafficcongestioncommand to change thresholds for EFCI and EPD and to enable or disable
RM and EFCI cell marking.
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Upgrading and Changing Software
Along with EFCI and backward RM cell marking, the SmartSwitch 9A100 uses standard RM cell marking. The switch
discard threshold (show switchtrafficcongestion) corresponds to total shared buffer utilization and represents the
point at which the switch considers itself congested and starts marking RM cells.
Note
The switch discard threshold is not user configurable and is shown only for
information.
For information on troubleshooting congestion problems, see Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.”
4.7 UPGRADING AND CHANGING SOFTWARE
This section describes the low-level boot load commands. Boot load commands are used for setting switch start-up
behavior and for performing firmware downloads. Use the boot load commands to:
•
•
•
•
•
Set which copy of the boot load firmware is the default copy
Clear all configurations stored within the flash file system
Check boot load firmware version numbers
Load switch firmware upgrades
Set whether power-on system tests (POST) are automatically run at start-up
4.7.1
Accessing the Boot Load Prompt
Boot load commands are executed from the boot load prompt. The boot load prompt is not part of the switch console
and is accessible only after a reboot and before the switch software is loaded. Consequently, the boot load commands
can be used only through a terminal connection.
Perform the following steps to gain access to the boot load prompt:
1. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the RJ-45 terminal port on
the front of the SmartSwitch 9A100.
2. Enter the rebootcommand from the terminal.
3. Wait for the following message to appear:
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”
4. Before the countdown reaches zero, press a key to access the boot load prompt. Notice that the boot
load prompt (=>) differs from the prompt used by the switch console.
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Switch Administration
4.7.2
Boot Load Commands
The following table describes the commands available from the boot load prompt, their use, and their associated
parameters.
Table 4-4 Boot load commands
Command
Action
Parameters
chpi
Change default boot load image:
chpi 0= set boot load image 0 as default
chpi 1= set boot load image 1 as default
Sets one of two images of the boot load
software as the default. Default boot load
image is executed at start-up.
clfs
dcfg
Clear flash file system:
none
none
Clear flash file system of all switch
configuration information.
Display boot load configuration:
Displays revision numbers of both boot load
images, the switch MAC address, and the file
space (in hexadecimal) available for
additional MAC addresses.
Shows whether POST is set to run at switch
start-up.
df
Download Software:
df B= download boot load software
df S= download switch operating software
df P= download diagnostics (POST)
Downloads software images from a
TFTP/Bootp server.
Different components of the switch software
are downloaded, depending on the parameter
used with this command.
df(none) = download switch operating
software
go
Run switch software:
go V= run switch software, do not run POST
Exit the boot load prompt, and run switch
operating software.
go P= run POST before running switch
software
go(none) = run switch software, do not run
POST
he
Show help:
he[<command>] = display help for command
specified
Displays help for a boot load command or
displays list of all boot load commands.
he= display list of all boot load commands
ponf
POST on or off:
ponf V = run switch software after start-up
timeout
Changes start-up action: either run POST
before running switch software or skip POST ponf P= run POST before running switch
and go directly to switch software. software
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Upgrading and Changing Software
POST is downloaded into
flash RAM by dfp
ponfturns POST on and off.
Image is downloaded into boot PROM by dfb
chpisets which is the default boot image
POST diagnostics
initial boot routines
boot image 1
boot image 0
MAC addresses
SmartSwitch 9A100 switch
operating software
configuration storage
boot PROM
Cleared by clfs
goruns switch software in
DRAM
Switch software is downloaded
to flash RAM by dfs
flash RAM
Figure 4-4 Memory locations affected by the boot load commands
4.7.3
Upgrading Boot Load Software
Two images of the boot load software reside in flash RAM. The two images are identified as boot load image 0 and
boot load image 1. Both boot load images can be upgraded by using a TFTP/Bootp server. However, an upgrade is
always written over the boot load image that is not currently running. This insures that if a boot load upgrade fails,
there is still one good boot load image to fall back on.
Follow the steps below to upgrade the switch boot load software.
1. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100
Terminal port.
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 boot load software image into the appropriate location on the
TFTP/Bootp server. (In this example, the software is copied to c:\tftpboot\images\boot.ima.)
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Switch Administration
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:
-
-
-
SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address
IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface
path to the image file on the TFTP/Bootp server
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.
7. When the following message appears,
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.
8. Enter the df Bcommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads
the file into the boot load image location that corresponds to the boot load image not currently
running. For example, if boot load image 0 is running, df Bdownloads the file into boot load image
1, leaving boot load image 0 untouched.
=>df b
You've requested a Boot Load Software download
Are you sure?(Y/N)y
Initializing ethernet...
Starting Bootp...
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\boot.ima
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\boot\boot.ima" .
........................................................
.................................................
Validity checks of the Boot Load Software Downloaded file...
All Validity checks OK
Programming downloaded image into Boot Load Software1 area, please wait...
New Boot Load Software programmed successfully.
Modifying Control/Stat field to reflect new image change, please wait...
Control/Stat field programmed successfully.
Please reboot to execute new Boot Load Software
=>
9. If the new boot load software passes the validity checks, it is marked as the new default image. In
the example above, boot load image 1 becomes the new default image.
10. Reboot the SmartSwitch 9A100. The following message appears on the terminal screen:
Preparing to run Default Boot Load Software: 1
Enter 0 or 1 to override and force which Boot Load Software to run:
Default Boot Load Software1 Status Good
Boot Load Software1 Flash CRC checked OK
Copied Boot Load Software1 text into DRAM
Copied Boot Load Software1 data into DRAM
Default Boot Load Software Good
SmartSwitch Start-up Code Version 1.0.1, Sep 18 1997
Copyright 1997, Cabletron Systems Inc.
11. Notice that boot load image 1 (Boot Load Software1) is specified as the new default image.
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Upgrading and Changing Software
Changing the Default Boot Load Image
Continuing with the example above, perform the following steps to set boot load image 0 back to being the default.
1. Reboot the SmartSwitch 9A100.
2. When the following message appears
“Preparing to run Default Primary Image: 1
Enter 0 or 1 to override and force one of these primary image sectors to run:”
press the zero (0) key. The SmartSwitch 9A100 loads boot load image 0.
3. Use the chpicommand to make boot load image 0 the default.
=>chpi 0
Old Default Primary Image Number: 1
Erasing Sector in Primary Flash sector4
Programming control/stat info into Primary Flash sector4
New Default Primary Image Number: 0
=>
4. Reboot the SmartSwitch 9A100. Boot load image 0 is now used as the default image.
Preparing to run Default Primary Image: 0
Enter 0 or 1 to override and force one of these primary image sectors to run:
4.7.4
Upgrading POST Diagnostic Software
1. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100
Terminal port.
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 diagnostic software image into the appropriate location on the
TFTP/Bootp server. (In this example, the software is located at c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima.)
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:
-
-
-
SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address
IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface
path to the POST file on the TFTP/Bootp server
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.
7. When the following message appears,
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.
8. Enter the df Pcommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads
the diagnostic software into flash RAM.
=>df p
You've requested a POST Software download
Are you sure?(Y/N)y
Initializing ethernet...
Starting Bootp...
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\post.ima" .
............................................................................
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Upgrading and Changing Software
Switch Administration
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
.......................................
Validity checks of POST software Downloaded file...
All Validity checks OK
Programming downloaded image into POST Software section, please wait...
New POST Software programmed successfully
=>
9. Check whether the diagnostic download is successful by entering the go Pcommand. This forces
the SmartSwitch 9A100 to run POST before starting the switch software.
4.7.5
Upgrading Switch Operating Software
Note
SmartSwitch 9A100 operating software can also be updated using the switch
console update firmwarecommand. See Section 4.7.6, “Using the Update
Firmware Command.”
1. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100
Terminal port.
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch operating software image into the appropriate location on the
TFTP/Bootp server. (In this example, the software is located at c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima.)
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with:
-
-
-
SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address
IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface
path to the POST file on the TFTP/Bootp server
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.
7. When the following message appears,
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt.”
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.
8. Enter the df scommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads
the switch operating software into flash RAM.
=>df s
You've requested a Switch Software download
Are you sure?(Y/N)y
Initializing ethernet...
Starting Bootp...
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima" .
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
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Switch Administration
Upgrading and Changing Software
...........................................................................
...................................................
Validity checks of the Switch Software Downloaded file...
All Validity checks OK
Programming downloaded image into Switch Software section, please wait...
New Switch Software programmed successfully
=>
9. Check whether the switch download is successful by entering the gocommand.
4.7.6
Using the Update Firmware Command
You can upgrade the operating software of the SmartSwitch 9A100 while the switch is running its current software.
This procedure is known as a hot upgrade and is accomplished by the update firmwarecommand.
When the 9A100 switch is started (or rebooted), it copies its operating software from flash RAM to the CPU’s program
memory. When a hot upgrade is performed, the image in flash RAM is erased and replaced with the new software
image. While the upgrade is occurring, the switch continues to run its copy in program memory. When the switch is
rebooted, the new software image residing in flash RAM is copied into system memory and then run.
To use the hot upgrade feature, the SmartSwitch 9A100 must have network access to an end station running TFTP
server software. The SmartSwitch 9A100 operating software file must reside within the directory specified by the
TFTP server software. Often, this directory is /tftpboot. However, it may be different with your TFTP server software.
The following is an example of a hot upgrade:
SmartSwitch # update firmware
ServerIP()
Path()
: 214.95.77.240
: luxor/server.ima
You are updating the code image in the flash.
Are you sure this is what you want to do?
Confirm(y/n)?:y
Verifying bootfile luxor/server.ima on 214.95.77.240... passed.
Erasing Flash.
Using TFTP to get and program bootfile luxor/server.ima from 204.95.77.240.
2785K (2852012 bytes) received.
Flash update succeeded.
You will have to reboot for the new image to take effect.
SmartSwitch #
Notice that the update firmwarecommand does not use Bootp to find the TFTP server. Instead, the update firmware
command requires that you specify the IP address of the TFTP server, the path to the image file, and the file name.
Unsuccessful Update
If the update firmwarecommand fails, DO NOT turn off or attempt to reboot your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch. In its
current state, the operating software normally stored in flash RAM is erased. The switch is functioning only because
it is running the image of the operating software that resides in volatile system memory.
If possible, determine why the update firmwarecommand failed. Common causes for failure are:
•
•
•
•
Incorrect path and file names
Improper permission settings on the directory containing the upgrade software
SmartSwitch 9A100 is not physically connected to the network
SmartSwitch 9A100 cannot reach the TFTP server’s subnet
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Saving Core Dumps
Switch Administration
If the problem is corrected, enter the update firmwarecommand to continue with the upgrade process. However, if
you are unable to correct the problem, use the df(download flash) command and a TFTP/Bootp server to replace the
operating software on your SmartSwitch 9A100. Follow the procedure outlined below:
1. Set up TFTP/Bootp server software on a workstation.
2. Connect both the TFTP/Bootp server and the SmartSwitch 9A100 to your Ethernet network. Make
sure that the TFTP/Bootp server can be reached by the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.
3. Connect a dumb terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the SmartSwitch 9A100
Terminal port.
4. Copy the SmartSwitch 9A100 operating software image into the appropriate location on the
TFTP/Bootp server.
5. Set up the TFTP/Bootp server tables (or equivalent file) with the SmartSwitch 9A100 MAC address
and IP address. You may also need to specify the path to the image file to be downloaded.
6. From the terminal connection, enter the rebootcommand.
7. When the following message appears,
“Press any key to exit to boot load prompt. “
stop the countdown by pressing any key. The boot load prompt (=>) appears on the terminal screen.
8. Enter the df scommand. The SmartSwitch 9A100 contacts the TFTP/Bootp server and downloads
the operating software into its flash RAM.
=>df s
You've requested a Switch Software download
Are you sure?(Y/N)y
Initializing ethernet...
Starting Bootp...
Boot file: c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima
Using TFTP to get bootfile "c:\tftpboot\images\server.ima" .
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...................................................
Validity checks of the Switch Software Downloaded file...
All Validity checks OK
Programming downloaded image into Switch Software section, please wait...
New Switch Software programmed successfully
=>
9. Enter the gocommand to start the SmartSwitch 9A100.
4.8 SAVING CORE DUMPS
The SmartSwitch 9A100 core dump feature allows you to specify a local Ethernet host where, in the event of a system
failure, the SmartSwitch 9A100 sends a copy of its memory. SmartSwitch 9A100 system memory is saved to two files,
one containing CPU memory (core_cpu), the other common memory (core_cmn). These files can then be sent to
Cabletron customer support for analysis.
Note
To use the core dump feature, the local Ethernet host must be running TFTP server
software, and you must have write access to the TFTP directory.
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Switch Administration
SavingCoreDumps
Enter the set CoreDumpcommand to enable the core dump feature. For example,
SmartSwitch # set coredump
EnableCoreDump(n)
ServerIP()
CoreDumpFile()
userName()
UserPassword()
SmartSwitch #
: y
< “y” to enable core dump feature
: 204.95.77.240
: /tftpboot/bobr/core
: bobr
< IP address of my TFTP server
< full path name for core dump files
< login name on the server
< password
:
Note
The set CoreDumpcommand uses FTP to create the core_cpuand core_cmn
files. If your server does not run FTP, create these files manually. Then execute the
set CoreDumpcommand.
Note
Note
On UNIX systems, make sure that the permissions are set correctly so that data
can be written.
For security, the set CoreDumpcommand retains your password only long enough
to create the core dump files. Your password is then dropped from system
memory.
To see the current core dump configuration, enter the show coredumpcommand.
SmartSwitch # show coredump
Core Dump Enabled
: Yes
Core Dump Server IP : 204.95.77.240
Core Dump File
SmartSwitch #
: /tftpboot/bobr/core
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Saving Core Dumps
Switch Administration
If a system failure occurs while the core dump feature is enabled, the SmartSwitch 9A100 console appears similar to
the example below. The SmartSwitch 9A100 then begins sending images of its memory to the core dump files on the
TFTP server.
Illegal access. Bus Error.
IP: e0103288
r0(pfp): e04be040
PFP: e04be080
r1(sp): e04be0c0
r2(rip): e00dd7dc
r3
r6
r9
r12
r15
: 00000000
: 00000003
: 00000003
: 00000008
: 00000008
r4
r7
r10
r13
: e00f8f0c
: e00f8f0c
: 00000030
: 00000001
r5
r8
r11
r14
: e0409f10
: e0409f40
: e00f8f0f
: e00d22f0
d2000000: Core Dump
Common DRAM dumped to /tftpboot/bobr/core_cmn
CPU DRAM dumped to /tftpboot/bobr/core_cpu
ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
*................*
d2000010: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000020: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000030: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000040: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000050: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000060: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000070: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000080: ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
d2000090: ffff
*................*
*................*
*................*
*................*
*................*
*................*
*................*
*................*
SmartSwitch Start-up Code
Cabletron Systems Inc.
Copy the information displayed on the console and send it to your Cabletron customer support representative along
with the core dump files.
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5 TROUBLESHOOTING
This chapter provides basic troubleshooting for diagnosing and fixing problems with VLAN, emulated LANs, and
ATM traffic congestion.
5.1 TROUBLESHOOTING IP OVER ATM
You have configured an IP over ATM VLAN, but your network applications are not working. Use these questions and
tests to help determine the cause of the problem.
1. Check for connectivity: Try pinging between end nodes and from the SmartSwitch 9A100 (using
start ping) to its end nodes. If you cannot ping, check physical connectivity (disconnected cable
and so on).
2. Check IP routes and addresses.
•
•
•
Use the show routecommand to check the SmartSwitch 9A100 route table.
-
-
-
Are the destination addresses correct for the specified gateways?
Are there any routing loops?
Are one or more of the destination addresses mapped to the wrong subnet?
Use show client(ARP server is on SmartSwitch 9A100) to check the local client.
-
-
-
Does the client have the correct IP address?
Is the subnet correct? Is the ATM address correct?
Is the server type correct?
Check end node configurations.
Are end nodes configured correctly?
3. Check ARP statistics.
-
•
Use show ipatmarp(if the ARP server is on the SmartSwitch 9A100).
-
-
Are there entries in the table?
Are the ATM addresses correct?
•
Use show clientarp(ARP server is not on SmartSwitch 9A100) to check local client’s ARP Table.
-
-
Are there entries in the table? If not, recheck client and end node configuration.
Are the ATM addresses correct?
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Troubleshooting LAN Emulation
Troubleshooting
4. Check ILMI, UNI routes, and PVCs (if applicable).
•
If using SVCs, use show ATMRouteto check whether static UNI routes are correct and whether
dynamic UNI routes are established and correct. If dynamic routes are incorrect or missing, try
creating static routes instead.
•
•
If using PVCs, use show pvcto check if PVCs connect the correct resources through the correct
ports.
If using PVCs, use show ipatmpvcto check if local switch clients are mapped to the correct end node
IP addresses.
5. If working through these questions does not solve the problem, contact Cabletron Systems Customer
Service. (See Appendix C, “Technical Support.”)
5.2 TROUBLESHOOTING LAN EMULATION
You have configured an Emulated LAN and your network applications are not working. Use these questions and tests
to help determine the cause of the problem.
1. Check for connectivity. Try pinging between end nodes. Ping from the SmartSwitch 9A100 (using
start ping) to its end nodes. If you cannot ping, check physical connectivity (disconnected cable
and so on).
2. Check IP routes and addresses.
•
Use show routecommand to check the SmartSwitch 9A100 route table.
-
-
-
Are the destination addresses correct for the specified gateways?
Are there any routing loops?
Are one or more of the destination addresses mapped to the wrong subnet?
•
Use show clientto check the SmartSwitch 9A100 local ELAN client.
-
-
-
-
Does the client have the correct IP address?
Is the subnet correct?
Is the ATM address correct?
Is the server type correct?
•
Check end nodes configurations.
Are end nodes configured correctly?
3. If the ELAN spans multiple switches, check the following:
-
-
-
Is the LECS address correct on all switches?
Can all switches reach the switch providing LECS support?
-
If using the Well Known LECS Address, are all switches correctly mapped?
4. Check the LECS database.
Use show lecselanto check the names and numbers of ELANs.
•
-
-
Are ELAN names correct?
Is the ATM address of the LES correct?
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Troubleshooting
TroubleshootingPNNILinks
5. Check whether BUS is connected.
•
Use show busclientto check whether devices are registered with the BUS. If clients are registered,
check end node configuration. If not registered, check multi-point signaling.
•
Use set leselanto turn off multi-point signaling on a per-ELAN basis.
-
Do devices begin to register with the LES and BUS once multi-point signaling is turned off?
•
Check IISP routes to the switch containing the LES and BUS.
-
-
Are all IISP routes correct?
Does a new IISP route need to be added so devices can reach the LES and BUS?
6. If working through these questions does not solve the problem, contact Cabletron Systems Customer
Service. (See Appendix C, “Technical Support.”)
5.3 TROUBLESHOOTING PNNI LINKS
You have physically connected another company’s ATM switch with your SmartSwitch 9A100. Each switch supports
PNNI, but there is no connectivity between the two devices. Use the following procedure to diagnose and resolve the
problem.
Examine the link state on each switch (show PNNILinkon SmartSwitch 9A100).
•
If the link does not appear in the Link list, check the following:
-
Is the connecting port on each switch configured for PNNI? If no, configure both ports for
PNNI.
Note
On the SmartSwitch 9A100, use the show portconfigcommand to determine
whether the port is PNNI. If show portconfigdisplays autoConfigas the port
configuration, use the set portconfigcommand to disable ILMI and manually
set the port to PNNI.
-
Examine the VCC masks for each switch. Are the switches using compatible VPI/VCI pairs? If
not, adjust the VCC mask so that both switches use compatible VPI/VCI pairs.
•
•
If link state is “attempt,” check the following:
-
Is the PNNI peer group ID the same on both switches? If not, set both peer group IDs to the same
value.
-
Is the PNNI node ID the same for both switches? If not, set the PNNI node ID to the same value.
Especially check that the first two octets (peer-group level and lowest-level node) of the node
ID are the same for both switches.
If the link state is “2WayInside,” check the ATM route tables on each switch (show ATMRouteon
SmartSwitch 9A100).
-
If the switches are supporting end systems or have clients, does the net prefix of each switch
appear in the ATM route table of the other?
If no, check both switches for signaling and ILMI misconfiguration.
If yes, contact Cabletron Systems Customer Service.
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Troubleshooting Congestion
Troubleshooting
5.4 TROUBLESHOOTING CONGESTION
If the bandwidth of your SmartSwitch 9A100 begins to decrease, and if connections are being lost or packets are being
dropped at a high rate, it’s possible that your switch is becoming congested. Congestion can occur on the port level,
the global switch level, or both levels.
If you suspect that your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch is experiencing congestion, follow the steps outlined below to
diagnose and resolve the cause of congestion.
5.4.1
Diagnosing Congestion
1. Enter the show portstatscommand, and take the default of (all).
2. If cells are not being dropped on all ports, proceed to the “Port Congestion” section.
3. If cells are being dropped on all ports, the indication is global congestion. Proceed to the “Global
Congestion” section.
5.4.2
Global Congestion
1. Is the total cell drop rate equal to the Unknown VC cell drop rate?
•
•
If yes, the switch is improperly set up. Check the switch configuration.
If no, this indicates global congestion. Continue.
2. Set the porttrafficcongestionvalues to those recommended in the “QoS Queue Allocation
Guidelines” section. Has the congestion subsided?
•
•
If yes, you are done.
If no, continue.
3. Have you changed the EPD threshold?
•
•
If yes, replace it to the default setting. If congestion subsides, you are done.
If no, continue.
4. Enter the show cacinfocommand for each port. Is the allocated bandwidth small and is the traffic
mostly UBR?
•
•
If no, go back to step 4 and check next port.
If yes, continue.
5. Enter the show porttrafficcongestioncommand. Is the UBR queue Max threshold large?
•
•
If no, go back to 4.
If yes, continue.
6. Reduce the UBR queue Max threshold by a small amount, then wait a few minutes.
7. Enter the show portstatscommand, and take the default of all. Is the number of cells dropped
increasing for this port, and quickly decreasing for all other ports?
•
•
If yes, proceed to the “Port Congestion” section.
If no, continue.
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Troubleshooting
TroubleshootingCongestion
8. Is the number of cells being dropped by all other ports decreasing somewhat?
•
•
If no, go back to step 6.
If yes, continue.
9. Enter the set caceqbwallocscheme command and set call admission control for this port to a more
conservative policy (moderateor conservative).
10. Go back to step 4 until all ports have been checked.
5.4.3
Port Congestion
1. Enter the show portstatscommand a few times, noting the value for cells dropped and unknown
VCs dropped. Is the difference for cells dropped equal to the difference for VCs dropped?
•
•
If yes, the switch is improperly set up. Check the switch configuration.
If no, this indicates port congestion. Continue.
2. Enter the show cacinfo command for this port. Note the bandwidth allocated for each Quality of
Service on this port.
3. For each class of service, enter the set porttrafficcongestioncommand. Set the Max threshold
to the value recommended in the “Quality of Service Queue Allocation Guidelines” section.
4. Have you performed step 3 for every class of service for this port?
•
•
If no, go to step 3.
If yes, continue.
5. Enter the set caceqbwallocscheme command for this port. Set call admission control for this port
to a more conservative policy (moderateor conservative).
6. Check VC statistics for this port using either the show pvc /dor show svc /dcommand, whichever
is appropriate.
7. If the port belongs to the high virtual channel link (VCL), read the forward stats. If the port belongs
to the low VCL, read the backward stats. If the port belongs to both high and low VCLs, read both
stats.
8. Is the number of cells received increasing?
•
•
If no, go step 6.
If yes, continue.
9. Convert allocated bandwidth (kb/s) to cells (48 bytes).
Bandwidth in cells = (1024 X Allocated Bandwidth) / 384
where 384 = 48 cells X 8
10. Is the Allocated Bandwidth less than the Cell Reception Rate?
•
•
If no, go to step 6.
If yes, this VC is misbehaving. Take appropriate action, for example, terminate the VC.
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Troubleshooting Congestion
Troubleshooting
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APPENDIX A SPECIFICATIONS
This appendix describes the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch hardware, product features, technical specifications, and
adapter pin-out descriptions.
"•s )832:˜6"2'/
This section describes the hardware components of the SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM switch.
.
Table A-1 Front panel LEDs
LED
Function
FAIL (red)
Normally OFF; ON indicates CPU failed.
STATUS
(amber)
Normally OFF; ON indicates an error condition that prevents alarm information from being
displayed to the console.
POWER
(green)
Normally ON; OFF indicates the CPU is not receiving power from the power supply.
RX DATA
(green)
Normally FLASHING intermittently if there is receive activity on the port; indicates the Ethernet
port is up and receiving Ethernet frames.
TX DATA
(green)
Normally FLASHING intermittently if there is transmit activity on the port; indicates the Ethernet
port is up and transmitting Ethernet frames.
2p›F The ‘MON' and ‘DIAG' functions are not used in this release.
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Front Panel
Specifications
Figure A-1 illustrates the front panel of the SmartSwitch 9A100 switch.
FAIL
STATUS
POWER
RX DATA
TX DATA
Ejector
Reset Button
DATA
NO SYNC
Console Terminal
(RJ-45)
Ethernet Port
(10Base-T)
Ejector
Figure A-1 SmartSwitch 9A100 front panel
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Specifications
TechnicalSpecifications
"•¢ :'%+2,%"/˜96'%,),%":,329
Table A-2 Hardware specifications
Specification
Processor
Value
i960CF, 33 MHz
2.5 Gbps, non-blocking
Switching engine
Max I/O ports
45 for 6-slot chassis; 105 for 14-slot
chassis
Switch latency
10 microseconds
CPU DRAM memory 32 MB
Buffer memory (cells) 32 K
flash memory
Serial port
8 MB
RS-232c compliant; RJ-45 connector
IEEE 802.3 compliant; RJ-45 connector
Ethernet port
Table A-3 Physical specifications
Specification
Value
Dimensions
50.2 cm x 7 cm x 38.7 cm
19.75" x 2.75" x 15.25"
Product weight (with max I/O modules) 4.05 kg
9 lbs
Power requirements (typical)
5V, 19 amps at chassis power bus (fully
loaded)
Power dissipation (typical)
Operating temperature
Operating humidity
1,008,000 BTU/s (95 watts) (fully loaded)
0 to 40 C (32 to 104 F)
0% to 90% RH, non-condensing
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Technical Specifications
Specifications
Table A-4 ATM port specifications
Max. Rx
power
Min. Rx
power
Range
Media
Port Speed
Framing
Connector Max. Tx
Power
Min. Tx
power
SMF-IR 155 Mbps or STS-3 or STM-1 SC
-8 dBm -15 dBm -7 dBm
-28 dBm 15 Km
622 Mbps
STS-12 or STM-4
SMF-LR 622 Mbps
STS-12 or STM-4 SC
--
-3 dBm
-7 dBm
-28 dBm 40 Km
MMF
155 Mbps or STS-3 or STM-1 SC
-19 dBm -14 dBm -14 dBm -31 dBm 2 Km
622 Mbps
STS-12 or STM-4
Cat. 5
UTP
155 Mbps
STS-3 or STM-1 RJ-45
v
--
--
--
100 m
75 ohm 44.7 Mbps
coax
DS-3
nonchannelized
BNC,
female
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
150 m to
DSX
75 ohm 44.7 Mbps
coax
DS-3
nonchannelized
BNC,
female
150 m to
DSX
75 ohm 34.3 Mbps
coax
E-3
BNC,
female
150 m to
DSX
nonchannelized
Table A-5 Protocols standards and specifications
Protocol
Standard
Signaling
ATM Forum UNI 3.0
ATM Forum UNI 3.1
ATM Forum UNI 4.0
ATM Forum ILMI 3.0/3.1, 4.0
ATM routing protocols
LAN protocols
IISP
PNNI Phase 1.0
UNI
ATM Forum LANE 1.0 (Ethernet and Token Ring)
IETF RFC 1577 Classical IP-ATM
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Specifications
TechnicalSpecifications
Table A-6 Management standards and specifications
Management Protocol
Supported MIBs
SNMPv1/SNMPv2c
MIB II (RFC 1213)
Interface Table MIB (RFC 1573)
AToM MIB (RFC 1695)
AToM2 MIB (pre-standard)
LANE MIB (ATM Forum)
ILMI 4.0 MIB (ATM Forum)
IP over ATM MIB (pre-standard)
IISP
PNNI MIB
Switch hardware MIB
Table A-7 RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter (PC serial port adapter)
RJ-45 Pin
RJ-45 Color
Blue
DB-9 Pin
DB-9 Description
1
4
5
2
3
5
Receive
Transmit
Ground
Red
Green
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Technical Specifications
Specifications
A-6 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide
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APPENDIX B AGENT SUPPORT
This appendix briefly describes the support provided for managing the SmartSwitch 9A100 using Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP).
B.1 MIB, SMI, MIB FILES AND INTERNET MIB
HIERARCHY
A MIB (Management Information Base) is the term used to represent a virtual store of management data on a device.
Given the structure of management data, it can be operated upon (retrieved, created or modified) using the SNMP
protocol. The structure of that data is defined using a subset of a notation called Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1).
This subset is called SMI (Structure of Management Information). A file containing the definition of that structure is
called a MIB file. To provide for a uniform naming convention for all MIBs, from all vendors, for all kinds of data, a
standard format is used. This format is a hierarchy and is termed the Internet MIB Hierarchy.
The MIB structure is logically represented by a tree hierarchy (see Figure B-1). The root of the tree is unnamed and
splits into three main branches: Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT),
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and joint ISO/CCITT.
These branches and those that fall below each category have short text strings and integers to identify them. Text
strings describe object names, while integers allow computer software to create compact, encoded representations of
the names. For example, the ZeitNet MIB variable znIpAtmClient is an object name and is also represented by the
number one.
An object identifier in the Internet MIB hierarchy is the sequence of numeric labels on the nodes along a path from the
root to the object. The object for the Internet Standard for MIB II is represented by the object identifier 1.3.6.1.2.1. It
also can be expressed as iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib (see Figure B-1).
Note
For the authoritative reference on the concepts described in this section, refer to
RFCs 1901 through 1908.
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MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy
Agent Support
t
root
joint
ISO/CCITT
2
CCITT
0
ISO
1
org
3
DOD
6
internet
1
directory
1
mgmt
2
experimental
3
private
4
MIB
1
Label from the root to
this point is 1.3.6.1.2.1
Figure B-1 Internet MIB hierarchy
B.1.1
ZeitNet Cabletron Proprietary MIBs
The location of some of ZeitNet proprietary MIBs in the Internet hierarchy is shown in Figure B-2. All nodes starting
with “zn” represent Zeitnet objects.
The private ZeitNet MIB is represented by the object identifier 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295, or
iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprise.zeitnet. The ZeitNet proprietary MIBs include the subtrees shown in Figure B-2.
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Agent Support
MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy
.
MIB
1
Label from the root to
this point is 1.3.6.1
atomMIB
37
Private
4
enterprise
1
znSwitchObjedcts
3333
atmForum
353
ZeitNet
1295
znAdminPolicyVal
znCommonMIB
199
znProducts
1
znManagedObjects
202
2
znTrapObjs
301
znIpAtm
200
znCommonObjs
300
Figure B-2 ZeitNet Private MIBs
In Figure B-2, the ZeitNet proprietary group is identified by 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295; its subgroup, called znProducts, is
identified by 1; and the first variable is znManagedObjects with a value of 2. Therefore, the object znManagedObjects
has an object identifier of 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.
B.1.2
Relation Between Object Identifier and the Represented Value
In Figure B-3, the znLec object (representing Lan Emulation Client information) has an Object Identifier of
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.1. The znLecDDCount object representing the number of Data direct connections
maintained by one LEC (Lan Emulation Client) has a object identifier of 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.1.1.1. Querying
for the value represented by this object identifier (using the SNMP protocol), returns the actual number of data direct
connections for the identified LEC.
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Agent Support
:
Label from the root to this point
is 1.3.6.1.4.1.1295
znManagedObjects
2
znIpATM (1295.2.200)
znCommon (1295.2.300)
znTrap (1295.2.301)
znIisp (1295.2.3333)
znLec (1295.2.3333.9.1.1)
znLecDDCount (.1.1)
Figure B-3 ZeitNet Cabletron SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB object identifier
example
B.1.3
Supported protocols
The SmartSwitch 9A100 supports Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Both the SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c
formats of the protocol are supported.
B.1.4
Supported SMI Formats
Zeitnet proprietary MIBs are defined using SNMPv2 format of the SMI.
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Agent Support
MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy
B.1.5
Zeitnet Cabletron Proprietary MIB Groups
The following table of Zeitnet proprietary MIB groups lists group name, object identifier, and group function.
Table B-1 Zeitnet proprietary MIB groupings
Name
Object Identifier
Function
zeitnet
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295
All Zeitnet Proprietary Objects
ZeitNet product specific
znProducts
znManagedObjects
znIpAtm
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.1
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2
Various classes of Managed entities
IP ATM services
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.200
znIpAtmClient
znIpAtmServer
znCommonObjs
znTrapObjs
znSwitchObjects
znSystem
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.200.1
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.200.2
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.300
IP ATM Client Services
IP ATM Server Services
Zeitnet Specific Information
ZeitNet Traps
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.301
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.1
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.1.34
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.2
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.3
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.4
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.4.3
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.5
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.8
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.1
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.2
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.3
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.9.1.4
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.12
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.13.2
1.3.6.1.4.1.1295.2.3333.13.5
Switch/hardware specific information
Hardware and software system level information
Neighbor switch configuration
Switch software configuration management.
Switch Module information.
Switch Port Information.
znSwitchDiscoveryTable
znConfig
znModule
znPort
znPortTrafficCongTable
znSignalling
znSar
Traffic management
Signalling timer information
SAR specific information.
Zeitnet Lane Services Group
Zeitnet LAN Emulation Group
LAN Emulation Client Specific
Lan Emulation Server Specific
Broadcast and Unknown Server information.
Lan Emulation Configuration Server Info
SSCOP Configuration
znVlan
znLanEmulation
znLec
znLes
znBus
znLecs
znSSCOP
znEventTable
znEventAlarmTable
Event table
Alarm table
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MIB, SMI, MIB Files and Internet MIB Hierarchy
Agent Support
B.1.6
SmartSwitch 9A100 MIB Support
The SmartSwitch 9A100 is shipped with the following MIBs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MIB II (RFC 1213)
Interface Table MIB (RFC 1573)
AToM MIB (RFC 1695)
AToM2 MIB (pre-standard)
LANE MIB (ATM Forum)
ILMI 4.0 MIB (ATM Forum)
IP over ATM MIB (pre-standard)
SmartSwitch 9A100 Switch MIBs (proprietary)
Note
Along with the MIBs, the diskette also contains a README file and the release
note.
B.1.7
MIB Exceptions
With the current implementation of MIB files, conformance to ATM standards for the SmartSwitch 9A100 ATM
switch includes the following exceptions.
Non-Conformance
•
•
•
•
•
atmInterfaceIlmiVpi — Read-only
atmInterfaceIlmiVci — Read-only
aal5VccTable — Not supported
atmSvcVcCrossConnectRowStatus Set — Not supported
atmConfigSigType — The values given below are not supported:
-
-
ituDss2
atmfBici2Dot0
•
•
•
•
•
•
znIpAtmClientDDVcType — Accepts only pvc(2) in sets
lecMulticastSendType — Accepts only best effort (1)
lecMulticastSendAvgRate — Accepts values only up to 370370
lecMulticastSendPeakRate — Accepts values only up to 370370
leArpEntryType — Accepts only staticVolatile (4) and staticNonVolatile (5)
lesControlTimeout — Read-only
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Agent Support
ManagingtheSmartSwitch 9A100
Not Supported
The following MIB objects are not supported. If used, these objects return either the value zero or the message, “Not
supported.”
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
atmInterfaceMaxVpcs
atmInterfaceConfVpcs
atmInterfaceDs3PlcpTable
atmInterfaceTCTable
atmVplTable
atmVpCrossConnectIndexNext
atmVpCrossConnectTable
atmSvcVpCrossConnectTable
atmSigSupportTable
atmSigDescrParamTable
atmIfAdminAddrTable
atmVclAddrBindTable
atmAddrVclTable
atmVplStatTable
atmVplLogicalPortTable
atmVclGenTable
atmfMyOsiNmNsapAddress
atmfVpcTable
lecRouteDescrTable
leRDArpTable
B.2 MANAGING THE SmartSwitch 9A100
Your SmartSwitch 9A100 must be IP reachable by the network management system (NMS) before it can be managed.
The default connection between the SmartSwitch 9A100 and the NMS is the SmartSwitch 9A100 Ethernet interface.
Use the show SwitchConfigcommand to find the IP address of the SmartSwitch 9A100. An NMS can use this IP
address to reach the SmartSwitch 9A100 through Ethernet. An NMS can also manage the SmartSwitch 9A100
through one of its ATM ports if the SmartSwitch 9A100 has a client connection into a VLAN or emulated LAN.
Note that the SmartSwitch 9A100 itself, is not reachable through ATM until a client for the switch is created and
participates as a member of a VLAN or ELAN. Your NMS uses that switch client’s address to access and manage the
switch.
To create a client for the switch, use the add IPATMClientcommand for VLANs and add LANEClientfor emulated
LANs.
Use the set MyNmAddrcommand to tell the SmartSwitch 9A100 which interface to use when communicating with your
NMS. For detailed information about these commands, see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual.
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Managing the SmartSwitch 9A100
Agent Support
B.2.1
Console Commands that Affect the Agent
The following is a list of the console commands that affect the operation of the SmartSwitch 9A100 SNMP agent. For
detailed descriptions of these commands, see the SmartCell 6A000/ZX-250 Reference Manual.
•
•
•
•
Community: Sets the community strings for the SmartSwitch 9A100
TrapCommunity: Specifies the NMS to which traps are sent
MyNMAddr: Specifies the IP address through which the switch is managed
TrustedNMS:Specifies the IP address of the NMS allowed to perform the following commands:
- update firmware
- backup
- restore
- reboot
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APPENDIX C TECHNICAL SUPPORT
This appendix tells you what to do if you need technical support for your SmartSwitch 9A100 switch.
Cabletron offers several support and service programs that provide high-quality support to our customers. For technical
support, first contact your place of purchase. If you need additional assistance, contact Cabletron Systems, Inc. There
are several easy ways to reach Cabletron Customer Support and Service.
C.1 TELEPHONE ASSISTANCE
Our Technical Support Center is available Monday through Friday, 8am to 8pm Eastern Time, by calling
603-332-9400.
C.2 FAX SERVICE
You can fax support questions to us any time at 603-337-3075.
C.3 ELECTRONIC SERVICES
You can contact Cabletron's Bulletin Board Service by dialing 603-335-3358.
Our internet account can be reached at [email protected].
You can also check our home pages on the World Wide Web.
•
•
http://www.Cabletron.com
http://www.ctron.com
C.4 PLACING A SUPPORT CALL
To expedite your inquiry, please provide the following information:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Your Name
Your Company Name
Address
Email Address
Phone Number
FAX Number
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Hardware Warranty
Technical Support
•
•
Detailed description of the issue (including history, what you've tried, and conditions under which
you see this occur)
6>À`Ý>ÀiÊ“œ`i•Ê˜Ö“LiÀ]ÊÃœvÍÝ>ÀiÊÜiÀÈœ˜]Ê>˜`ÊÃ݈ÍV…ÊVœ˜vˆ}ÖÀ>͈œ˜Ê•Í…>ÍʈÃ]ÊÝ…>ÍÊ«>ÀÍÊÍß«iÃÊ>Àiʈ˜ÊÝ…>ÍÊ
ÕœÍî
C.5 HARDWARE WARRANTY
Cabletron warrants its products against defects in the physical product for one year from the date of receipt by the end
user (as shown by Proof of Purchase). A product that is determined to be defective should be returned to the place of
purchase. For more detailed warranty information, please consult the Product Warranty Statement received with your
product.
C.6 SOFTWARE WARRANTY
Cabletron software products carry a 90-day software warranty. During this period, customers may receive updates and
patches for verified, reported software issues.
C.7 REPAIR SERVICES
Cabletron offers an out-of-warranty repair service for all our products at our Santa Clara Repair Facility. Products
returned for repair will be repaired and returned within 5 working days. A product sent directly to Cabletron Systems,
Inc. for repair must first be assigned a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. A product sent to Cabletron
Systems, Inc., without an RMA number displayed outside the box will be returned to the sender unopened, at the
sender's expense.
To obtain an RMA number, contact the Cabletron Technical Support. When you call for an RMA number, your support
representative will spend a few minutes with you, making sure the board is defective. Once they confirm the board is
defective, they will assign an RMA number. Payment, shipping instructions, and turnaround time will be confirmed
when the RMA number is assigned.
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APPENDIX D ACRONYMS
A
ATM Adaptation Layer
AAL
ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1
ATM Adapter Layer Type 2
ATM Adapter Layer Type 3/4
ATM Adapter Layer Type 5
ATM Adaptation Layer Mux
Available Bit Rate
AAL1
AAL2
AAL3/4
AAL5
AALM
ABR
Authority and Format Identifier
American National Standards Institute
Application Programming Interface
Address Resolution Protocol
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Available Cell Rate
AFI
ANSI
API
ARP
ASCII
ATM
AVCR
B
Bridged Ethernet
BE
Bit Error Ratio (Rate)
BER
B-ICI
B-ISDN
Broadband Inter-Carrier Interface
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
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Acronyms
Boot Protocol
BOOTP
BUS
Broadcast and Unknown Server
C
Call Admission Control
CAC
Campus Area Network
CAN
Category 3 unshielded twisted pair cable
Category 5 unshielded twisted pair cable
Constant Bit Rate
CAT-3
CAT-5
CBR
Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telegraphique et Telephonique
(Consultative Committee on International Telegraphy and Telephony)
CCITT
Current Cell Rate
CCR
CDV
CER
CES
CI
Cell Delay Variation
Cell Error Ratio
Circuit Emulation Service
Congestion Indicator
Cell Loss Priority
CLP
CLR
CMIP
COM
COS
CPE
CPU
CRC
CRS
CS
Cell Loss Ratio
Common Management Information Protocol
Communication
Class of Service
Customer Premise Equipment
Central Processing Unit
Cyclic Redundancy Check
Cell Relay Service
Convergence Sublayer
Cell Transfer Delay
CTD
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Acronyms
D
Digital Cross Connect, generic DACS or Direct Connect Card, data interface module
DCC
DF
Download Flash
Digital Signaling 0
DS-0
DS-1
DS-3
DTE
DTL
DVT
Digital Signaling 1
Digital Signaling 3
Data Terminal Equipment
Designated Transit List
Delay Variation Tolerance
E
European standard for digital transmission service at 2 Mb/s.
E-1
E-3
European standard for digital transmission service at 34.4 Mb/s (transports 16 E1
circuits)
Ethernet
E-NET
EFCI
EISA
ELAN
EMI
Explicit Forward Congestion Indicator
Extended Industry Standard Architecture
Emulated Local Area Network
Electro-Magnetic Interference
Enterprise Network Roundtable
End of Frame
ENR
EOF
Early Packet Discard
EPD
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
Electro-Static Device
EPROM
ESD
End System Identifier
ESI
Expansion Switch Module
ESM
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Acronyms
F
Frame Check Sequence
First In First Out
FCS
FIFO
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
G
Gigabits per second
GB/S
GCAC
GCRA
GFC
Generic Call Admission Control
Generic Cell Rate Algorithm
Generic Flow Control
H
I
Header Error Check
HEC
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Internet Control Message Protocol
Identification Number
IEEE
ICMP
ID
Information Element
IE
Internet Engineering Task Force
Interim Inter-Switch Signaling Protocol
IETF
IISP
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Acronyms
Integrated Local Management Interface
Input/Output
ILMI
I/O
Input/Output Module
IOM
Internet Protocol
IP
Internet Protocol over ATM
IP/ATM
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange protocol
International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector
Integrated Service Digital Network
ITU-TSS
ISDN
J
Joint Photographic Experts Group
JPEG
KB/S
K
L
Kilobits per second
Local Area Network
LAN
LAN Emulation
LANE
LE
LAN Emulation
LAN Emulation-Address Resolution Protocol
LANE Client
LE-ARP
LEC
LAN Emulation Configuration Server
LECS
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Acronyms
LAN Emulation Configuration Server Emulated LAN
LECSELA
N
LANE Server
LES
LANE Server Emulated LAN
Logical IP Subnetwork
Logical Link Control
LESELAN
LIS
LLC
Local Management Interface
LMI
M
Media Access Control
Metropolitan Area Network
Megabits per second
Maximum Burst Size
Minimum Cell Rate
Management Information Base
Multi-Mode Fiber
MAC
MAN
MB/S
MBS
MCR
MIB
MMF
MP
Multi-Point
Main Switch Module
Maximum Transfer Unit
MSM
MTU
N
Negative Acknowledges
NAKS
NDIS
Network Driver Interface Specification
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Acronyms
NetBIOS Extension User Interface
Network File System
NETBEUI
NFS
Network Interface Controller/Card
Natural Language Syntax
NIC
NLS
Network Management System
Network Node Interface or Network-to-Network Interface
Non Real Time - Variable Bit Rate
Non-Return to Zero
NMS
NNI
NRT-VBR
NRZ
Network Services Access Point
NSAP
O
Operations and Maintenance
Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning
Optical Carrier 1
OAM
OAM&P
OC-1
OC-N
ODI
Optical Carrier n (where "n" is an integer)
Open Data-link Interface
Out of Band
OOB
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
P
Personal Computer
PC
Priority Control
PC
Peripheral Component Interconnect
Peak Cell Rate
PCI
PCR
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Acronyms
Protocol Data Unit
PDU
PGL
PMD
PMP
P-NNI
PPD
Peer Group Leader
Physical Media Dependent Sub-layer
Point-to-Multipoint
Private Network Node Interface or Private Network-to-Network Interface
Partial Packet Discard
Programmable Read-Only Memory
Payload Type Indicator
PROM
PTI
Point-to-Point
PTP
PNNI Topology State Element
PNNI Topology State Packet
Permanent or Provisioned Virtual Circuit
PTSE
PTSE
PVC
Q
R
Quality of Service
QOS
Q-Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer. (Q represents the Q-series of the
ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union).
QSAAL
Read-Only Access
R
Random Access Memory
Routing Control Channel
Raw Cell Received
RAM
RCC
RCR
RD
Receive Deactivated
Request for Comment
RFC
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Acronyms
Resource Management
RM
Return Merchandise Authorization
Receive Queue Underrun
RMA
RQU
RS-#
RT-VBR
RW
Recommended Standard defined by Electronic Industries Association
Real Time - Variable Bit Rate
Read-Write Access
S
Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer
SAAL
SAR
Segmentation And Reassembly
SAR Protocol Data Unit
SAR-PDU
SBE
System Bus Error
Sustainable Cell Rate
SCR
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDH
Simple Efficient Adaptation Layer
Single Mode Fiber
SEAL
SMF
Switched Multimegabit Data Service
Simple Network Management Protocol
Synchronous Optical Network
SMDS
SNMP
SONET
STM-1
STM-N
STM-NC
STP
Synchronous Transport Module 1
Synchronous Transport Module n (where ‘n' is an integer)
Synchronous Transport Module n - concatenated (where ‘n' is an integer)
Shielded Twisted Pair
Synchronous Transport Signal 1
STS-1
STS-N
STS-NC
Synchronous Transport Signal n (where ‘n' is an integer)
Synchronous Transport Signal n - concatenated (where ‘n' is an integer)
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Acronyms
Switched Virtual Circuit
SVC
Switched Virtual Channel Connection
SVCC
T
Transmission System 1
T-1
Transmission System 3
T-3
Transparent Asynchronous Transmitter/Receiver Interface
Transmission Control Protocol
Traffic Descriptor
TAXI
TCP
TD
Time-Division Multiplexing
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Type, Length and Value
TDM
TFTP
TLV
U
Unspecified Bit Rate
UBR
UME
UNI
UNI Management Entity
User-Network Interface
Unnumbered Poll
UP
Usage Parameter Control
UPC
UTOPIA
UTP
Universal Test and Operations Physical Interface for ATM
Unshielded Twisted Pair
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Acronyms
V
Variable Bit Rate/Real Time
Variable Bit Rate/Non-real Time
Virtual Circuit
VBR/RT
VBR/NRT
VC
Virtual Channel Connection
Virtual Channel Identifier
Virtual Channel Link
Virtual LAN
VCC
VCI
VCL
VLAN
VP
Virtual Path
Virtual Path Connection
Virtual Path Identifier
Virtual Private Network
Virtual Tributary
VPC
VPI
VPN
VT
W
Wide Area Network
WAN
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Acronyms
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INDEX
chpi ..................................................4-24
clfs....................................................4-24
dcfg ..................................................4-24
df......................................................4-24
go .....................................................4-24
he......................................................4-24
memory locations affected...............4-25
ponf..................................................4-24
boot load prompt ....................................4-23
boot load software..................................4-25
buffer memory allocation.......................4-17
Numerics
6A-IOM-21-4...........................................2-3
6A-IOM-22-4...........................................2-3
6A-IOM-29-4...........................................2-3
6A-IOM-29-4-IR......................................2-3
6A-IOM-29-4-LR.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-31-1...........................................2-3
6A-IOM-39-1...........................................2-3
6A-IOM-39-1-LR.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-67-4...........................................2-3
6A-IOM-77-4...........................................2-3
C
A
CAC...............................................4-17, 4-19
CAC policy.............................................4-19
conservative .....................................4-19
liberal...............................................4-19
moderate ..........................................4-19
call admission control.............................4-17
call admission control policy..................4-19
cbit............................................................2-3
CBR........................................................4-21
chpi................................................4-24, 4-27
clfs..........................................................4-24
clients on a switch ....................................3-7
CLP.........................................................4-17
configuration
backing up..........................................4-1
restoring.............................................4-1
configuring the switch..............................2-6
terminal configuration .......................2-6
congestion...............................................4-22
congestion management.........................4-22
diagnosing congestion .......................5-4
early packet discard .........................4-22
EFCI.................................................4-22
EPD..................................................4-22
global congestion...............................5-4
port congestion...................................5-5
RM cells...........................................4-22
troubleshooting ..................................5-4
console commands ...................................2-8
add......................................................2-9
accessory carton .......................................2-1
adapter pin-out ........................................ A-5
add............................................................2-9
adding a LANE client...............................3-4
adding an emulated LAN .........................3-4
adding and ELAN ....................................3-4
administering the switch ..........................4-1
administrative weight...............................4-7
agent support........................................... B-1
alarms ..............................................4-9, 4-11
auto display......................................4-10
deleting ............................................4-11
description .......................................4-11
ID.....................................................4-11
number.............................................4-11
object ...............................................4-11
time ..................................................4-11
alias ..........................................................2-9
allocation guidelines...............................4-22
ambiguous commands............................2-11
ARP server ...............................................3-1
ATM addressing................................3-3, 3-6
ATM ports............................................... A-4
ATM routing ............................................4-2
B
backup ......................................................4-1
bandwidth allocation..............................4-17
boot load commands ..............................4-24
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide I-1
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Index
affecting the agent............................. B-8
alias....................................................2-9
create..................................................2-9
delete..................................................2-9
display................................................2-9
flush ...................................................2-9
modify................................................2-9
remove ...............................................2-9
restart .................................................2-9
set.......................................................2-9
show...................................................2-9
start ....................................................2-9
console help............................................2-12
console time-out.....................................2-10
core dumps .............................................4-30
commands........................................4-30
console output..................................4-32
files ..................................................4-31
saving...............................................4-30
TFTP server .....................................4-30
create ........................................................2-9
creating a PVC .......................................4-11
creating an alias......................................2-10
creating an emulated LAN .......................3-3
creating an IISP route...............................4-2
creating an IP over ATM VLAN..............3-1
mode...................................................2-3
scrambling..........................................2-3
timing.................................................2-3
early packet discard................................4-22
EFCI .......................................................4-22
ELAN
adding a client....................................3-4
ATM addressing ................................3-6
default ................................................3-3
events and alarms...............................3-4
ILMI........................................... 3-4, 3-6
LECS..................................................3-4
multiple switches ...............................3-6
PNNI ..................................................3-6
selector bytes......................................3-6
starting the LECS...............................3-4
switch clients......................................3-7
empty cell .................................................2-3
EPD ........................................................4-22
Ethernet routing........................................4-7
event
critical ................................................4-9
informational......................................4-9
major ..................................................4-9
minor..................................................4-9
event categories ........................................4-9
event messages for emulated LANs.........3-4
events........................................................4-9
auto display......................................4-10
category............................................4-10
deleting.............................................4-11
description........................................4-10
ID .....................................................4-10
number .............................................4-10
object................................................4-10
time ..................................................4-10
events and alarms .....................................4-9
exceptions................................................ B-6
D
dcfg.........................................................4-24
default boot load image..........................4-27
default ELAN...........................................3-3
delete ........................................................2-9
df........................4-24, 4-26, 4-27, 4-28, 4-30
diagnosing congestion..............................5-4
display ......................................................2-9
DS3...........................................................2-3
empty cell...........................................2-3
framing...............................................2-3
length .................................................2-3
mode ..................................................2-3
scrambling..........................................2-3
timing.................................................2-3
F
flush..........................................................2-9
framing .....................................................2-3
front panel................................................A-1
Front panel LEDs ....................................A-1
E
E3 .............................................................2-3
empty cell...........................................2-3
I-2 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide
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Index
MAC address .....................................3-3
server type..........................................3-1
troubleshooting ..................................5-1
IP routing..................................................4-7
G
go............................................................4-24
H
L
hardware specifications........................... A-3
hardware warranty................................... C-2
he............................................................4-24
help.........................................................2-12
console.............................................2-12
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator ...2-15
LAN emulation.........................................3-3
troubleshooting ..................................5-2
LAN emulation addressing.......................3-6
LANE
troubleshooting ..................................5-2
LECS........................................................3-4
LEDs........................................................A-1
meaning.............................................A-1
length........................................................2-3
local clients...............................................3-7
logging on.................................................2-8
I
I/O modules..............................................2-3
6A-IOM-21-4.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-22-4.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-29-4.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-29-4-IR ...............................2-3
6A-IOM-29-4-LR..............................2-3
6A-IOM-31-1.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-39-1.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-39-1-LR..............................2-3
6A-IOM-67-4.....................................2-3
6A-IOM-77-4.....................................2-3
ID numbers...............................................2-3
IISP...........................................................4-2
adding a route ....................................4-3
atmroute.............................................4-3
considerations....................................4-3
creating a route ..................................4-2
net prefix............................................4-2
show ATMroute.................................4-3
show NetPrefix ..................................4-2
through a PNNI domain.....................4-3
topology.............................................4-3
incoming metric .......................................4-6
initial cell rate.........................................4-17
initial configuration..................................2-8
inserting a 6A000.....................................2-4
inspecting the switch................................2-2
installation................................................2-4
installing the switch..................................2-4
IP over ATM
M
management standards ............................A-5
managing the SmartSwitch 9A100.......... B-7
maximum burst size ...............................4-17
metric pairs...............................................4-6
metric parameters.....................................4-6
metric tags ................................................4-6
MIB ......................................................... B-1
exceptions ......................................... B-6
non-conformance .............................. B-6
not supported .................................... B-7
MIB files ................................................. B-1
MIB support ............................................ B-6
minimum cell rate...................................4-17
mode.........................................................2-3
modify ......................................................2-9
multiple switch emulated LANs...............3-6
N
nrt-VBR..................................................4-21
O
operator.....................................................2-9
switch-attribute ..................................2-9
outgoing metric ........................................4-6
add ipatmclient ..................................3-1
addressing..........................................3-3
ARP server.........................................3-1
client ..................................................3-2
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide I-3
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Index
restart........................................................2-9
restore .......................................................4-1
RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter.............................A-5
RM cells .................................................4-22
route metrics.............................................4-6
administrative weight.........................4-7
incoming ............................................4-6
metric pairs ........................................4-6
outgoing .............................................4-6
parallel routes.....................................4-7
tags.....................................................4-6
viewing...............................................4-7
routing ......................................................4-2
administrative weight.........................4-7
parallel routes.....................................4-7
routing IP..................................................4-7
routing tags...............................................4-6
rt-VBR....................................................4-21
P
parallel routes...........................................4-7
partial commands ...................................2-11
PC serial port adapter pin-out.................. A-5
peak cell rate...........................................4-17
physical specifications............................. A-3
placing a support call............................... C-1
plcp...........................................................2-3
PNNI.........................................................4-2
troubleshooting ..................................5-3
point-to-multipoint PVCs.......................4-13
point-to-point PVCs ...............................4-12
ponf.........................................................4-24
port congestion.........................................5-5
POST......................................................4-27
power on system test ..............................4-27
proprietary MIBs............................. B-2, B-5
PVC........................................................4-11
adding ..............................................4-12
backward traffic descriptor..............4-13
connecting to local client through....4-14
forward traffic descriptor.................4-13
IPATMPVC.....................................4-14
non-zero VPIs..................................4-15
point-to-multipoint...........................4-13
point-to-point...................................4-12
traffic descriptors....................4-12, 4-13
VPI/VCI pairs..................................4-12
PVC connections....................................4-11
PVCs.......................................................4-11
S
scrambling ................................................2-3
selector bytes ............................................3-6
service category......................................4-17
set..............................................................2-9
show..........................................................2-9
show ATMRoute ......................................4-3
signaling ..................................................A-4
SmartSwitch 9000
inserting a 9A100...............................2-4
SmartSwitch ATM Administrator..........2-12
initialization .....................................2-15
installation steps...............................2-14
online help........................................2-15
password ..........................................2-15
SMI.......................................................... B-1
SMI formats............................................. B-4
SNMP
exceptions ......................................... B-6
non-conformance .............................. B-6
not supported..................................... B-7
object identifier................................. B-3
represented value .............................. B-3
SNMP agent support ............................... B-1
SNMPv2c ................................................A-5
software warranty.................................... C-2
specification.............................................A-1
specifications
Q
QoS................................................4-17, 4-21
constant bit rate................................4-21
non-real time variable bit rate..........4-21
queue allocation guidelines..............4-22
real time variable bit rate.................4-21
thresholds.........................................4-21
unspecified bit rate...........................4-21
QoS queues.............................................4-21
queue thresholds.....................................4-21
R
remove......................................................2-9
repair services.......................................... C-2
resource management cells.....................4-22
I-4 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide
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Index
ATM ports ........................................ A-4
troubleshooting.........................................5-1
congestion..........................................5-4
diagnosing congestion .......................5-4
global congestion...............................5-4
IP over ATM......................................5-1
LAN emulation..................................5-2
LANE.................................................5-2
PNNI..................................................5-3
port congestion...................................5-5
front panel......................................... A-1
management standards...................... A-5
physical............................................. A-3
protocols standards ........................... A-4
start...........................................................2-9
starting the switch ....................................2-8
supported MIBs....................................... A-5
sustainable cell rate ................................4-17
switch administration ...............................4-1
switch clients............................................3-7
switch configuration.................................4-1
switch insertion ........................................2-4
switch operating software ......................4-28
switch-attribute.........................................2-9
U
UBR........................................................4-21
UNI...........................................................4-2
UNI routes................................................4-5
constructing an ATM address............4-5
unpacking the switch................................2-1
unsuccessful update................................4-29
update firmware.............................4-28, 4-29
unsuccessful update .........................4-29
Upgrading
T
tags ...........................................................4-6
technical specifications ........................... A-3
technical support ..................................... C-1
electronic services............................. C-1
FAX service...................................... C-1
placing a support call........................ C-1
telephone assistance.......................... C-1
telnet.........................................................2-8
terminal configuration..............................2-6
terminal port.............................................2-6
TFTP server..............................................4-1
TFTP/Bootp server.................................4-25
threshold settings for anti-congestion ....4-17
thresholds ...............................................4-21
timing .......................................................2-3
Traffic Descriptors .................................4-17
traffic descriptors ..........................4-12, 4-18
type number.....................................4-18
traffic management.................................4-17
CLP..................................................4-17
congestion........................................4-22
EFCI.................................................4-22
EPD..................................................4-22
maximum burst size.........................4-17
minimum cell rate............................4-17
peak cell rate....................................4-17
queue allocation...............................4-22
RM cells...........................................4-22
sustained cell rate.............................4-17
thresholds.........................................4-22
switch operating software................4-28
upgrading
boot load commands........................4-23
boot load prompt..............................4-23
chpi ..................................................4-24
clfs....................................................4-24
dcfg ..................................................4-24
default boot load image ...................4-27
df......................................................4-24
firmware...........................................4-23
go .....................................................4-24
he......................................................4-24
ponf..................................................4-24
POST diagnostic..............................4-27
software............................................4-23
TFTP/Bootp.....................................4-25
upgrading boot load software.................4-25
using the console......................................2-8
V
VCC mask ..............................................4-15
VCC mask index ....................................4-15
VCI.........................................................4-15
VCI bits ..................................................4-15
viewing events and alarms .....................4-10
viewing route metrics...............................4-7
SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide I-5
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Index
VPI
non-zero values................................4-15
VPI bits...................................................4-15
VPI/VCI pairs.........................................4-15
Z
ZeitNet Cabletron proprietary MIBs....... B-2
I-6 SmartSwitch 9A100 User Guide
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