Agilent Technologies Tiller 5951 2826 User Manual

Operating Manual  
Agilent Technologies  
Single Input  
Electronic Load Family  
Agilent Part No. 5951-2826  
Microfiche Part No. 5951-2827  
Printed in USA: October, 1997  
Updated: April, 2000  
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SAFETY SUMMARY  
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this  
instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety  
standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the  
customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.  
BEFORE APPLYING POWER.  
Verify that the product is set to match the available line voltage and the correct fuse is installed.  
GROUND THE INSTRUMENT.  
This product is a Safety Class 1 instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal). To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis  
and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground. The instrument must be connected to the ac power supply mains through a three-  
conductor power cable, with the third wire firmly connected to an electrical ground (safety ground) at the power outlet. For instruments  
designed to be hard-wired to the ac power lines (supply mains), connect the protective earth terminal to a protective conductor before any  
other connection is made. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor or disconnection of the protective earth terminal will  
cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury. If the instrument is to be energized via an external autotransformer for  
voltage reduction, be certain that the autotransformer common terminal is connected to the neutral (earthed pole) of the ac power lines  
(supply mains).  
FUSES.  
Only fuses with the required rated current, voltage, and specified type (normal blow, time delay, etc.) should be used. Do not use repaired  
fuses or short circuited fuseholders. To do so could cause a shock or fire hazard.  
DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE.  
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.  
KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS.  
Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified  
service personnel. Do not replace components with power cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may exist even  
with the power cable removed. To avoid injuries, always disconnect power, discharge circuits and remove external voltage sources before  
touching components.  
DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE.  
Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.  
DO NOT EXCEED INPUT RATINGS.  
This instrument may be equipped with a line filter to reduce electromagnetic interference and must be connected to a properly grounded  
receptacle to minimize electric shock hazard. Operation at line voltages or frequencies in excess of those stated on the data plate may  
cause leakage currents in excess of 5.0 mA peak.  
SAFETY SYMBOLS.  
Instruction manual symbol: the product will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the  
instruction manual (refer to Table of Contents) .  
Indicates hazardous voltages.  
Indicate earth (ground) terminal.  
The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly  
performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the  
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.  
The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, or the like, which, if not correctly  
performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product. Do not proceed  
beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.  
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT.  
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the  
instrument. Return the instrument to an Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features  
are maintained.  
Instruments which appear damaged or defective should be made inoperative and secured against unintended operation until they can be  
repaired by qualified service personnel.  
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SAFETY SUMMARY (continued)  
GENERAL  
Any LEDs used in this product are Class 1 LEDs as per IEC 825-l.  
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001. Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.  
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS  
This instruments is intended for indoor use in an installation category II, pollution degree 2 environment. It is designed to  
operate at a maximum relative humidity of 95% and at altitudes of up to 2000 meters. Refer to the specifications tables for  
the ac mains voltage requirements and ambient operating temperature range.  
SAFETY SYMBOL DEFINITIONS  
Symbol  
Description  
Symbol  
Description  
Terminal for Line conductor on permanently  
installed equipment  
Direct current  
Alternating current  
Caution, risk of electric shock  
Both direct and alternating current  
Three-phase alternating current  
Caution, hot surface  
Caution (refer to accompanying documents)  
Earth (ground) terminal  
In position of a bi-stable push control  
Protective earth (ground) terminal  
Frame or chassis terminal  
Out position of a bi-stable push control  
On (supply)  
Terminal for Neutral conductor on permanently  
installed equipment  
Off (supply)  
Terminal is at earth potential(Used for  
measurement and control circuits designed to  
be operated with one terminal at earth  
potential.)  
Standby (supply)  
Units with this symbol are not completely  
disconnected from ac mains when this switch is  
off. To completely disconnect the unit from ac  
mains, either disconnect the power cord or  
have a qualified electrician install an external  
switch.  
Herstellerbescheinigung  
Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der Maschinenläminformationsverordnung vom 18  
Januar 1991.  
* Schalldruckpegel Lp <70 dB(A) * Am Arbeitsplatz * Normaler Betrieb * Nach EN 27779 (Typprufung).  
Manufacturer’s Declaration  
This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound Emission Directive, from 18 January  
1991.  
* Sound Pressure Lp <70 dB(A) *At Operator Position * Normal Operation * According to EN 27779 (Type Test).  
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DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY  
according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014  
Manufacturer’s Name:  
Agilent Technologies, Inc.  
Manufacturer’s Address:  
New Jersey Division  
150 Green Pond Road  
Rockaway, NJ 07866 U.S.A.  
declares that the product  
Product Name:  
Electronic Load  
Model Number(s):  
Agilent 6060B, Agilent 6063B  
conform(s) to the following Product Specifications:  
Safety:  
EMC:  
HD 401S1/IEC348  
EN 61010/IEC 1010-1 (1990) - Amendment 1 (1992)  
CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991  
IEC 801-2:1991 / EN 50082-1:1992  
IEC 801-3:1984 / EN 50082-1:1992  
IEC 801-4:1988 / EN 50082-1:1992  
Group 1, Class B  
4kV CD, 8 kV AD  
3 V/m  
0.5 kV Sig. Lines, 1 kV Power Lines  
Supplementary Information:  
The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the EMC  
Directive 89/336/EEC.  
--------------------------------------------------------  
New Jersey, April, 1993  
Mord Shamir / Quality Manager  
European Contact: Your local Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office or Agilent Technologies GmbH  
Department TRE, Herrenberger Strasse 130, D-71034 Boeblingen (FAX:+49-7031-14-3143)  
Printing History  
The current edition of this guide is indicated below. Reprints of this guide containing minor corrections and updates may  
have the same printing date. New editions are identified by a new printing date and, in some cases, by a new part number.  
A new edition incorporates all new or corrected material since the previous edition. Changes to the guide occurring  
between editions are covered by change sheets shipped with the guide. Also, if the serial number prefix of your power  
module is higher than those listed on the title page of this guide, then it may or may not include a change sheet. That is  
because even though the higher serial prefix indicates a design change, that change may not affect the content of the guide.  
Edition 1  
May, 1991  
Copyright 1993 Agilent Technologies, Inc.  
Edition 2 ......  
.....................  
.....................  
May 1993  
November, 1997  
Update April 2000  
This document contains proprietary information protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document  
may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another language without the prior consent of Agilent Technologies The  
information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.  
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Table of Contents  
1.  
2.  
General Information  
What’s in this Manual ................................................................................................................................9  
Reader Path ................................................................................................................................................9  
Options .......................................................................................................................................................9  
Safety Requirements...................................................................................................................................10  
Specifications .............................................................................................................................................10  
Operation Overview  
Introduction................................................................................................................................................19  
Front Panel Description..............................................................................................................................19  
Remote Programming.................................................................................................................................19  
Local/Remote Control ................................................................................................................................20  
Programmable Features..............................................................................................................................20  
Modes of Operation.................................................................................................................................20  
Constant Current CC (Mode) ..................................................................................................................20  
Constant Resistance (CR) Mode..............................................................................................................22  
Constant Voltage (CV) Mode..................................................................................................................23  
Transient Operation.................................................................................................................................24  
Triggered Operation ................................................................................................................................27  
Slew Rate and Minimum Transition Time...............................................................................................27  
Input Current, Voltage, and Power Measurement ...................................................................................28  
Short On/Off............................................................................................................................................29  
Input On/off.............................................................................................................................................30  
Saving and Recalling Settings .................................................................................................................30  
Reading Remote Programming Errors.....................................................................................................30  
Status Reporting ......................................................................................................................................30  
Protection Features.....................................................................................................................................31  
Resetting Latched Protection...................................................................................................................31  
Overvoltage .............................................................................................................................................31  
Overcurrent..............................................................................................................................................31  
Overpower...............................................................................................................................................32  
Overtemperature......................................................................................................................................32  
Reverse Voltage ......................................................................................................................................32  
Control Connector ......................................................................................................................................32  
Remote Sensing.......................................................................................................................................32  
Monitor Outputs ......................................................................................................................................33  
External Programming Input ...................................................................................................................33  
Fault.........................................................................................................................................................33  
Port On/Off..............................................................................................................................................34  
3.  
Installation  
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................35  
Inspection ...................................................................................................................................................35  
Location and Cooling .................................................................................................................................36  
Turn-On Checkout......................................................................................................................................36  
Check Line Voltage.................................................................................................................................36  
Connect the Power Cord..........................................................................................................................38  
Turn-On/Selftest......................................................................................................................................38  
Power Test...............................................................................................................................................37  
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Table of Contents (continued)  
Controller Connection ................................................................................................................................39  
GPIB Connector ......................................................................................................................................39  
GPIB Address..........................................................................................................................................40  
Rear Panel Connectors and Switches .........................................................................................................40  
Input Binding Posts .................................................................................................................................40  
Control Connector ...................................................................................................................................41  
Trigger Connector ...................................................................................................................................43  
Sense Switch............................................................................................................................................43  
Application Connections ............................................................................................................................44  
Wiring Considerations............................................................................................................................44  
Local Sense Connections........................................................................................................................44  
Remote Sense Connections ....................................................................................................................44  
Parallel Connections...............................................................................................................................45  
Zero-Volt Loading Connections.............................................................................................................45  
4.  
Local Operation  
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................49  
Local Control Overview.............................................................................................................................52  
Using The Function Keys...........................................................................................................................53  
Turning the Input On/Off ........................................................................................................................53  
Setting the Mode of Operation ................................................................................................................55  
Setting CC Values ...................................................................................................................................55  
Setting CR Values ...................................................................................................................................57  
Setting CV Values...................................................................................................................................59  
Transient Operation.................................................................................................................................60  
Shorting the Input....................................................................................................................................61  
Resetting Latched Protection...................................................................................................................61  
Using The System Keys..............................................................................................................................61  
Setting the GPIB Address........................................................................................................................62  
Displaying Error Codes ...........................................................................................................................62  
Saving and Recalling Settings .................................................................................................................62  
Changing "Wake-up" Settings.................................................................................................................63  
Recalling the Factory Default Values......................................................................................................64  
5.  
Remote Operation  
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................65  
Enter/Output Statements.............................................................................................................................65  
GPIB Address.............................................................................................................................................65  
Sending A Remote Command ....................................................................................................................66  
Getting Data Back From The Electronic Load ...........................................................................................66  
Remote Programming Commands..............................................................................................................66  
CC Mode Example ..................................................................................................................................70  
CV Mode Example..................................................................................................................................70  
CR Mode Example ..................................................................................................................................70  
Continuous Transient Operation Example...............................................................................................71  
Pulsed Transient Operation Example ......................................................................................................71  
6.  
Calibration  
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................75  
Example Programs .....................................................................................................................................75  
Equipment Required...................................................................................................................................75  
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Table of Contents (continued)  
Calibration Commands...............................................................................................................................76  
Calibration Flowcharts ...............................................................................................................................77  
Example Program.......................................................................................................................................77  
A.  
Considerations for Operating in Constant Resistance Mode .......................................................87  
Index .......................................................................................................................................................................89  
Agilent Sales and Support Offices ...........................................................................................................93  
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1
General Information  
What’s In This Manual  
This chapter contains specifications that apply to the Single Input Electronic Load Family as well as information concerning  
options and safety requirements. The remaining chapters in this manual contain instructions for installing, operating,  
programming, and calibrating the Electronic Load as follows:  
Chapter 2 "Operation Overview":  
Chapter 3 "Installation":  
describes all of the Electronic Load’s functions and briefly describes how they can be  
controlled locally at the front panel and/or remotely via a GPIB controller.  
includes turn-on checkout procedures as well as controller and application  
connections.  
Chapter 4 "Local Operation":  
Chapter 5 "Remote Operation":  
Chapter 6 "Calibration":  
describes in detail how to operate the Electronic Load at the front panel.  
provides an introduction to remote programming.  
contains calibration procedures for the Electronic Load and gives sample calibration  
programs. Yearly calibration intervals are recommended.  
Reader Path  
If you are a first-time user, start with this manual, paying particular attention to Chapter 2. After installation (Chapter 3),  
read Chapter 4 to learn front-panel operation. Programming users should then read Chapter 5 before going to the  
Programming Reference Guide. Experienced programming users will probably refer only to the Programming Reference  
Guide. The programming guide covers all of the programming details whereas Chapter 5 in this manual gives a few simple  
examples to help you get started in writing computer programs.  
Options  
Unless one of the following line voltage options is ordered, the unit is shipped from the factory set for 120 Vac, 48-63 Hz ac  
input power. If Option 100, 220, or 240 is ordered, the unit will be factory set for the appropriate line voltage. For  
information about changing the line voltage setting, see "Turn-On Checkout" in Chapter 3.  
100: Input Power, 100 Vac, 48-63 Hz  
120: Input Power, 120 Vac, 48-63 Hz  
220: Input Power, 220 Vac, 48-63 Hz  
240: Input Power, 240 Vac, 48-63 Hz  
Additional options are:  
020:  
908:  
909:  
0L2:  
0B3:  
Front panel input binding posts  
One rack mount kit  
One rack mount kit with handles  
One extra Operating Manual and Programming Reference Guide  
One Service Manual  
General Information  
9
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Safety Requirements  
This product is a Safety Class 1 instrument, which means that it is provided with a protective earth ground terminal. This  
terminal must be connected to an ac source that has a 3-wire ground receptacle. Review the instrument rear panel and this  
manual for safety markings and instructions before operating the instrument. Refer to the Safety Summary page at the  
beginning of this manual for a summary of general safety information. Specific safety information is located at appropriate  
places in this manual.  
The Electronic Load is designed to comply with the following safety and environmental requirements:  
IEC 348 - Safety requirements for electronic measuring apparatus.  
CSA 22.2 No. 231 - Electronic instruments and scientific apparatus for special use and applications.  
UL 1244 - Electrical and electronic measuring and testing equipment.  
Specifications  
Table 1-1 lists the specifications of the Single Input Electronic Loads. Specifications indicate warranted performance in the  
25°C ± 5°C region of the total temperature range (0 to 55'C). Table 1-2 lists the supplemental characteristics of the Single  
Input Electronic Loads. Supplemental characteristics indicate nonwarranted, typical performance and are intended to  
provide additional information by describing performance that has been determined by design or type testing.  
Table 1-1. Specifications  
SPECIFICATIONS  
AC INPUT RATING: Two internal switches permit operation from 100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac, nominal lines.  
Amplitude: -13% to +6% nominal line voltage.  
Frequency: 48 to 63 Hz  
6060B  
6063B  
DC INPUT RATING  
Current:  
0 to 60 A  
0 to 10 A  
Voltage:  
3 V to 60 V (see derated  
current detail)  
3 V to 240 V (see derated  
current detail)  
Power:  
300 W at 40°C (derated to  
225 W at 55°C)  
250 W at 40°C (derated to  
187 W at 55°C)  
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS  
10 General Information  
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Table 1-1. Specifications (continued)  
DERATED CURRENT DETAIL  
6060B  
6063B  
CONSTANT CURRENT MODE  
Ranges  
Low Range:  
0 to 6 A  
0 to 1 A  
High Range:  
0 to 60 A  
0 to 10 A  
Accuracy (after 30 sec wait):  
± 0.1% ± 75 mA  
both ranges  
± 0.15% ± 10 mA  
both ranges  
Regulation:  
10 mA both ranges  
8 mA both ranges  
CONSTANT RESISTANCE MODE  
Ranges  
Low Range:  
Middle Range:  
High Range:  
0.033 to 1 Ω  
1 to 1000 Ω  
10 to I 0,000 Ω  
0.20 to 24 Ω  
24 to 10,000 Ω  
240 to 50,000 Ω  
Accuracy  
Low Range:  
± 0.8% ± 8 mΩ  
with 6 V at input  
± 0.3% ± 8 mS  
± 0.8% ± 200 m Ω  
with 1 A at input  
± 0.3% ± 0.3 mS  
Middle and High Ranges:  
with 6 V at input  
with 24 V at input  
CONSTANT VOLTAGE MODE  
Range:  
0 to 60 V  
0 to 240 V  
Accuracy:  
Regulation:  
± 0.1% ± 50 mv  
10 mV (remote sense),  
40 mV (local sense)  
± 0.12% ± 120 mV  
10 mV (remote sense)  
40 mV (local sense)  
TRANSIENT OPERATION  
Modes:  
Continuous, pulsed, or toggled  
Continuous Mode  
Freq Range:  
0.25 Hz to 10 kHz  
Freq Accuracy:  
3%  
Duty Cycle Range:  
3% to 97% (0.25 Hz to 1 kHz);  
6% to 94% (1 kHz to 10 kHz)  
6% of setting ± 2%  
Duty Cycle Accuracy:  
Pulsed Mode  
Pulse Width:  
50 µs ± 3% minimum; 4 s ± 3% maximum  
General Information 11  
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Table 1-1. Specifications (continued)  
TRANSIENT CURRENT LEVEL  
Ranges  
Low Range:  
0 to 6 A  
0 to 1 A  
High Range:  
0 to 60 A  
0 to 10 A  
Accuracy  
Low Range:  
High Range:  
± 0.1% ± 80 mA  
± 0.1% ± 350 mA  
± 0.18% ± 13 mA  
± 0.18% ± 50 mA  
6060B  
6063B  
TRANSIENT RESISTANCE LEVEL  
Ranges  
Low Range:  
Middle Range:  
High Range:  
0.033 to 1 Ω  
1 to 1000 Ω  
10 to 10,000 Ω  
0.20 to 24 Ω  
24 to 10,000 Ω  
240 to 50,000 Ω  
Accuracy  
Low Range:  
±0.8% ± 10 m Ω  
with 6 A at input  
± 0.3% ± 10 mS  
with 6 V at input  
± 0.3% ± 10 mS  
with 6 V at input  
± 0.8% ± 200 m Ω  
with 1 A at input  
± 0.3% ± 0.5 mS  
with 24 V at input  
± 0.3% ± 0.4 mS  
with 24 V at input  
Middle Range:  
High Range:  
TRANSIENT VOLTAGE LEVEL  
Range:  
0 to 60 V  
0 to 240 V  
Accuracy:  
0.1% ± 300 mV  
± 0.15% ± 1.1 V  
CURRENT READBACK  
*Accuracy:  
0.05% ± 65 mA  
± 0.12% ± l0mA  
*after 30 second wait.  
VOLTAGE READBACK  
Accuracy:  
0.05% ± 45 mV  
±0.2% ± 4 W  
± 0.1%150 mV  
POWER READBACK  
Accuracy  
±0.2% ± 3 W  
PARD (20 Hz to 10 MHz noise)  
Current:  
Voltage:  
4 mA rms/40 mA p-p  
6 mV rms  
1 mA rms/10 mA p-p  
6 mV rms  
12 General Information  
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Table 1-2. Supplemental Characteristics  
6060B  
6063B  
CONSTANT CURRENT MODE  
Resolution  
Low Range:  
High Range:  
1.6 mA  
16 mA  
0.26 mA  
2.6 mA  
Temperature Coefficient  
100 ppm/°C ±5 mA/°C  
both ranges  
150 ppm/°C ±1 mA/°C  
both ranges  
CONSTANT RESISTANCE MODE  
Resolution  
Low Range:  
Middle Range:  
High Range:  
0.27 mΩ  
0.27 mS  
0.027 mS  
6 mΩ  
0.011 mS  
0.001 mS  
Temperature Coefficient  
Low Range:  
Middle and High Ranges:  
800 ppm/°C ± 0.4 m/°C  
300 ppm/°C ± 0.6 m S/°C  
800 ppm/°C ± 10 m/°C  
300 ppm/°C ± 0.03 mS/°C  
CONSTANT VOLTAGE MODE  
Resolution:  
16 mV  
64 mV  
Temperature Coefficient:  
100 ppm/°C ± 5mV/°C  
120 ppm/°C ± l0mV/°C  
TRANSIENT OPERATION  
Continuous Mode  
Freq Resolution:  
4%  
4%  
4%  
4%  
Duty Cycle Resolution:  
TRANSIENT CURRENT LEVEL  
Resolution  
Low Range:  
26 mA  
4 mA  
High Range:  
260 mA  
43 mA  
Temperature Coefficient:  
100 ppm/°C ± 7 mA/°C  
180 ppm/°C ± 1.2 mA/°C  
TRANSIENT RESISTANCE LEVEL  
Resolution  
Low Range:  
Middle Range:  
High Range:  
4.3 mΩ  
4.3 mS  
0.4 mS  
100 mΩ  
0. 18 mS  
0.018 mS  
TRANSIENT VOLTAGE LEVEL  
Resolution:  
260 mV  
1.0 V  
Temperature Coefficient:  
150 ppm/°C ± 5 mA/°C  
120 ppm/°C ±10 mA/°C  
CURRENT READBACK  
Resolution:  
17 mA (via GPIB)  
20 mA (front panel)  
50 ppm/°C ± 5 mA/°C  
27 mA (via GPIB)  
10 mA (front panel)  
100 ppm/°C ± 1 mA/°C  
Temperature Coefficient:  
General Information 13  
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Table 1-2. Supplemental Characteristics (continued)  
6060B  
6063B  
VOLTAGE READBACK  
Resolution:  
17 mV (via GPIB)  
20 mV (front panel)  
50 ppm/°C ± 1.2 mV/°C  
65 to 70 V (typical)  
67 mV (via GPIB)  
100 mV (front panel)  
100 ppm/°C ± 8 mV/°C  
260 V (typical)  
Temperature Coefficient:  
Maximum Readback Capability:  
EXTERNAL ANALOG PROGRAMMING  
Bandwidth:  
(0 to 10 Vdc or 0 to 10 Vac)  
10 kHz (3 db frequency)  
Accuracy  
Low Current Range:  
High Current Range:  
Voltage Range:  
± 4.5% ± 75 mA  
± 4.5% ± 250 mA  
± 0.8% ± 200 mV  
± 3% ± 10 mA  
± 3% ± 20 mA  
± 0.5% ± 150 mV  
Temperature Coefficient  
Current Range:  
Voltage Range:  
100 ppm/° ± 6 mA/°C  
100 ppm/°C ± 1 mV/°C  
150 ppm/°C ± 1 mA/°C  
120 ppm/°C ± 10 mV/°C  
EXTERNAL CURRENT MONITOR (0 TO 10 V):  
Accuracy  
± 4% ± 85 mA*  
± 3% ± 10 mA*  
Temperature Coefficient  
*referenced to Analog Common  
50 ppm/°C ± 6 mA/°C  
100 ppm/°C ± 1 mA/°C  
EXTERNAL VOLTAGE MONITOR (0 TO 10 V):  
Accuracy  
± 0.25% ± 40 mV*  
0.4% ± 240 mV*  
Temperature Coefficient  
*referenced to Analog Common  
50 ppm/°C ± 0.2 mV/°C  
70 ppm/°C ±1.2 mV/°C  
MAXIMUM INPUT LEVELS  
Current:  
61.2 A*  
75 V  
10.2 A*  
250 V  
Voltage:  
*programmable to lower limits.  
DC FLOATING VOLTAGE (DC ISOLATION):  
± 240 Vdc between + or - input binding post and chassis ground  
DIGITAL INPUTS  
DIGITAL OUTPUTS  
INPUT CURRENT:  
Vlo: 0.9 V maximum at Ilo = -1 mA  
Vhi: 3.15 V minimum (pull-up resistor on input)  
Vlo: 0.72 V maximum at Ilo = 1 mA  
Vhi: 4.4 V maximum at Ilo = -20 µA  
100 Vac - 400 mA  
120 Vac - 350 mA  
220 Vac - 200 mA  
240 Vac - 180 mA  
14 General Information  
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Table 1-2. Supplemental Characteristics (continued)  
Fuse: The ac input is protected by a fuse located in a module on the rear panel; 0.5AM for l00/120 Vac  
input; 0.25AM for 220/240 Vac input.  
Maximum VA: 60  
Peak Inrush Current: 2.5 A (typical)  
PROGRAMMABLE SLEW RATE: (For any given input transition, the time required will be either the total slew time  
or a minimum transition time, whichever is larger. The minimum transition time increases when operating with input  
currents under 1 AM (6060B) or 0.2 AM (6063B) and decreases with input currents over 20 A (6060B) or 2 A (6063B).  
The following are typical values; ± 25% tolerance.)  
Current Slew Rate:  
Model 6060B (Ac performance specified from 3 to 60 V)  
Rate #  
High Range Step  
1 A/ms  
Low Range Step  
0.1 A/ms  
0.25 A/ms  
0.5 A/ms  
1 A/ms  
Transition Time  
8.0 ms  
3.2 ms  
1.6 ms  
800 µs  
320 µs  
160 µs  
80 µs  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2.5 A/ms  
5 A/ms  
10 A/ms  
25 A/ms  
50 A/ms  
0.1 A/µs  
0.25 A/µs  
0.5 A/µs  
1 A/µs  
2.5 A/ms  
5 A/ms  
10 A/ms  
25 A/ms  
50 A/ms  
0.1 A/µs  
0.25 A/µs  
0.5 A/µs  
32 µs  
16 µs  
12 µs  
12 µs  
10  
11  
12  
2.5 A/µs  
5 A/µs  
12 µs  
Model 6063B (Ac performance specified from 3 to 240 V)  
Rate #  
High Range Step  
0.17 A/ms  
0.42 A/ms  
0.83 A/ms  
1.7 A/ms  
Low Range Step  
17 A/s  
Transition Time  
8.0 ms  
3.2 ms  
1.6 ms  
800 µs  
320 µs  
160 µs  
80 µs  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
42 A/s  
83 A/s  
0.17 A/ms  
0.42 A/ms  
0.83 A/ms  
1.7 A/ms  
4.2 A/ms  
8.3 A/ms  
17 A/ms  
4.2 A/ms  
8.3 A/ms  
17 A/ms  
42 A/ms  
32 µs  
20 µs  
20 µs  
16 µs  
83 A/ms  
10  
11  
12  
0.17 A/µs  
0.42 A/µs  
0.83 A/µs  
42 A/ms  
83 A/ms  
16 µs  
General Information 15  
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Table 1-2. Supplemental Characteristics (continued)  
Voltage Slew Rate:  
6060B (0 to 60V)  
Voltage Step  
6063B (0 to 240V)  
Voltage Step  
Transition  
Time*  
Rate #  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 V/ms  
2.5 V/ms  
5 V/ms  
10 V/ms  
25 V/ms  
50 V/ms  
0.1 V/µs  
0.25 V/µs  
0.5 V/µs  
4 V/ms  
10 V/ms  
20 V/ms  
40 V/ms  
100 V/ms  
200 V/ms  
0.4 V/µs  
1 V/µs  
8.0 ms  
3.2 ms  
1.6 ms  
800 µs  
320 µs  
160 µs  
100 µs  
100 µs  
100 µs  
2 V/µs  
*Transition time is based on low capacitance current source.  
Resistance Slew Rate  
Low Range:  
Middle and High Ranges:  
Uses the value programmed for the voltage slew rate.  
Uses the value programmed for the current slew rate.  
TRANSIENT CURRENT OVERSHOOT (When programmed from 0A):  
Model 6060B  
Range  
Transient Current Level  
Current Slew Rate  
Overshoot*  
60 A  
6-60 A  
3 A  
3 A  
All slew rates  
I A/µs to 5 A/µs  
I A/ms to 0.5 A/µs  
0
1%  
0
6 A  
6 A  
3 A  
3 A  
All slew rates  
0.25 A/µs and 0.5 A/µs  
0.1 A/ms to 0.1 A µs  
0
1%  
0
Model 6063B  
Range  
Transient Current Level  
Current Slew Rate  
All slew rates  
0.17 A/µs to 0.83 A/µs  
0.17 A/ms to 42 A/ms  
0.83 A/µs  
Overshoot*  
10A  
2-10 A  
0.5 A  
0.5 A  
1 A  
0
5%  
0
1%  
0
1 A  
0.17 A/ms to 0.17 A/µs  
1 A  
0.5 A  
0.5 A  
1 A  
83 A/ms  
17 A/s to 17 A/ms  
All slew rates  
4%  
0
0
*All overshoot values assume a total inductance of 1 µH, or less, in the load leads connected to the D.U.T. For Model  
6060B, overshoot may be higher during first five seconds of programming if the unit has been operating at full current.  
16 General Information  
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Table 1-2. Supplemental Characteristics (continued)  
SOURCE TURN-ON CURRENT OVERSHOOT (In CC and CR modes when connected to power supplies with  
voltage rise times of greater than 500 µs)  
6060B  
<10%  
6063B  
<5%  
PROGRAMMABLE SHORT CIRCUIT  
PROGRAMMABLE OPEN CIRCUIT  
0.033 ohm (0.02 ohm typ)  
20 k (typical)  
0.20 ohm (0.10 ohm typ)  
80 k (typical)  
DRIFT STABILITY (Over an 8 hour interval)  
Current:  
Voltage:  
± 0.03% ± 10 mA  
± 0.01% ± 10 mV  
± 0.03% ± 15 mA  
± 0.01% ± 20 mV  
REVERSE CURRENT CAPACITY  
With unit on:  
100 A  
40 A  
20 A  
10 A  
With unit off:  
GPIB PROGRAMMING COMMAND PROCESSING TIME (Typical time required for a GPIB command to be  
processed by the Electronic Load.)  
70 ms  
GPIB CAPABILITIES  
SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, DT1, DC1  
WEIGHT  
6.12 kg (13.5 lb) net; 8.16 kg (18 lb) shipping  
DIMENSIONS  
Width:  
Height:  
Depth:  
425.5 mm (16.75 in)  
88.1 mm (3.5 in)  
346 mm (13.6 in), not including 50 mm for binding posts  
General Information 17  
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2
Operation Overview  
Introduction  
The Electronic Load is used for design, manufacturing, and evaluation of dc power supplies, batteries, and power  
components. The primary operating features of the Electronic Load are: constant current (CC) mode, constant voltage (CV)  
mode, or constant resistance (CR) mode. The input can also be turned on or off (open circuit) or short circuited.  
Other features include a built-in GPIB interface and a built-in pulse generator. Pulse mode allows dynamic testing of power  
supplies and components, without giving the device under test time to heat up. This flexible mode provides three triggering  
methods, allowing synchronization with a wide variety of events. A Save/Recall feature allows you to save up to 7 complete  
instrument setups, one of which can be saved in non-volatile memory so that it is recalled automatically at power-on. Also  
standard is GPIB readback of actual input voltage and current, and extensive protection and status reporting capability.  
The Electronic Load contains a fan whose speed automatically increases or decreases as the heatsink temperature rises and  
falls. This reduces the overall noise level because the fan does not run at maximum speed at all times.  
The input power rating curve for the Electronic Load is shown in Table 1-1. Refer to the extended power paragraphs in this  
section for a description of the power rating curves. Note that regardless of the power rating, input current is derated  
linearly from 2 volts down to 0 volts.  
If your application requires a greater power or current capacity than one Electronic Load can provide, Electronic Loads can  
be connected in parallel in CC or CR mode.  
Front Panel Description  
The front panel includes a 12-character alphanumeric display, 11 status indicators, and three groups of keypads. Ordinarily  
the alphanumeric display shows the input voltage and current. By using the  
key you can sequentially display input  
power, programming error codes, and protection-circuit status. If any protection circuits are active, that status will be  
displayed first when you use the  
you use the keypads.  
key. The alphanumeric display shows what function is being performed when  
The display also includes 11 annunciators that point to the 11 status labels printed on the front panel. These are: Constant  
Current, Constant Resistance, Constant Voltage, Transient, Unregulated, Protection, Error, Shift, Remote, Address, and  
Service ReQuest.  
Three keys perform two functions, with the alternative function labeled in blue above the key. The alternative function is  
selected by first pressing the blue (shift) key, which turns on the Shift annunciator and enables the alternative function.  
Remote Programming  
Commands sent to the Electronic Load via GPIB are decoded by the primary microprocessor, which detects syntax and  
range errors. The primary processor also prescales data and maintains the status registers. Three commands have aliases  
for compatibility with other HPSL instruments. MODE can also be called FUNCtion, INPut can also be called OUTPut,  
and INSTrument can also be called CHANnel . OUTPut and INSTrument would typically be used if you want your  
program to refer to the Electronic Load in terms of the device or instrument under test. When using the CHANnel  
command, remember that the Electronic Load is always channel 1.  
Operation Overview 19  
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Local/Remote Control  
Local (front panel) control is in effect immediately after power is applied. The front panel keypad and display allow manual  
control when the Electronic Load is used in bench test applications. Remote (computer) control goes into effect (front panel  
Rmt annunciator is on) as soon as the Electronic Load receives a command via the GPIB. A built-in GPIB interface and  
HPSL compatible commands allow control and readback of all functions when the Electronic Load is used in computer  
controlled applications.  
With remote control in effect, only the computer can control the Electronic Load; the front panel keypad has no effect. You  
can, however, still use the front panel display to view the input voltage and current readings. You can return the Electronic  
Load to local control from remote control by pressing  
. This will return the Electronic Load to local control, unless  
the local-lockout command has been received from the GPIB computer.  
Details of local operation are covered in Chapter 4 and fundamentals of remote programming are given in Chapter 5.  
Complete HPSL programming details are given in the Programming Reference Guide. The remaining paragraphs in this  
chapter describe the operating modes, transient operation, protection features, and other operating features of the Electronic  
Load.  
Programmable Features  
Modes of Operation  
The three modes of operation are:  
constant current (CC)  
constant voltage (CV)  
constant resistance (CR)  
When programmed to a mode, the Electronic Load remains in that mode until the mode is changed or until a fault condition,  
such as an overpower or overtemperature, occurs. When changing modes, the load’s input is disabled for approximately 6  
milliseconds (non-conducting state) before the new mode is enabled. This insures that there will be minimum overshoots  
when changing modes.  
The current, resistance, and voltage mode parameters described in subsequent paragraphs can be programmed whether or  
not the mode is presently selected. When a mode is selected via the front panel or via the GPIB, most of the associated  
parameters will take effect at the input (exceptions are noted in the mode descriptions).  
Constant Current CC (Mode)  
In this mode, the load will sink a current in accordance with the programmed value regardless of the input voltage (see  
Figure 2-1). The CC mode can be set with front panel keys(  
,
, and  
) or via the GPIB  
(MODE:CURR command). The CC mode parameters are discussed in the following paragraphs.  
Ranges  
Current may be programmed in either of two overlapping ranges, a low range and a high range. The low range provides  
better resolution at low current settings. The range can be set at the front panel (  
,
and ENTRY keys) or via  
the GPIB (CURR:RANG command). Any value in the low range selects the low range. Any value above the maximum of  
the low range selects the high range. Changing the range affects the load in the same manner as changing modes; i.e., it  
causes the input to go through a non-conducting state for approximately 0.2 milliseconds. Note that the values of the  
present current settings may be automatically adjusted to fit the new range. For example, if 10 A is the present setting and  
the 0 to 6 A range is then programmed, the current setting will automatically be changed to 6 A; see Chapter 4.  
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Figure 2-1. Constant Current Mode  
Immediate Current Level  
The current level can be set at the front panel (  
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB (CURR command). If the CC  
mode is the active mode, the new setting immediately changes the input at a rate determined by the slew setting (described  
below). If the load is not in the CC mode, the new setting is saved for use when the mode is changed to CC.  
Triggered Current Level  
The current level can be preset (stored in the Electronic Load) allowing the input to be updated when a trigger is received  
instead of immediately as previously described. The current level can only be preset via the GPIB (CURR:TRIG  
command). The preset capability is not available at the front panel.  
If the CC mode is the active mode, the preset current level will become the actual value and the input will be updated when  
a trigger occurs. If the CC mode is not the active mode, the preset current level will become the actual value when a trigger  
occurs but there will be no effect on the input until the CC mode becomes active. Once a level is triggered, subsequent  
triggers will have no effect on the input unless another CURR:TRIG command is sent. The trigger sources available to the  
Electronic Load are described later in this chapter. The Electronic Load has a status reporting capability to keep track of  
pending triggers and other operating conditions. The status reporting capability is described in detail in the Programming  
Reference Guide.  
Transient Current Level  
The transient current level can be set at the front panel (  
,
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB  
(CURR:TLEV command). The transient current level determines the higher current level when transient operation  
(described later in this chapter) is turned on. The load will switch between the main level and the transient level when  
transient operation is turned on.  
Software Current Limit  
The Electronic Load allows the user to set a current limit from 0 to 102% of full scale via the GPIB (CURR:PROT  
command), which will shut down the input if the current limit is exceeded beyond a programmable time delay. Note that the  
software current limit is in effect for any mode of operation (not just the CC mode). The software current limit feature is  
described later in this chapter under Protection Features.  
Operation Overview 21  
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Slew Rate  
Slew rate determines the rate at which the input level changes to a new programmed value. Slew rate can be set at the front  
panel (  
,
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB (CURR:SLEW command). This slew rate remains in effect for  
the immediate, triggered, and transient level changes previously described.  
There are 12 discrete current slew rates within each slew-rate range. Any slew rate value can be sent to a load (there are no  
upper and lower limits that would cause an error), and a load will automatically select one of the 12 rates that is closest to  
the programmed value. The slew rate is rescaled to the closest fit in the 1-of-12 discrete steps if the current range is  
changed.  
Constant Resistance (CR) Mode  
In this mode, the load will sink a current linearly proportional to the input voltage in accordance with the programmed  
resistance (see Figure 2-2). The CR mode can be set at the front panel (  
,
and  
keys) or via the GPIB  
(MODE:RES command). The CR mode parameters are described in the following paragraphs.  
Figure 2-2. Constant Resistance Mode  
Ranges  
Resistance may be programmed in any of three overlapping ranges (low, middle, high). The range can be set at the front  
panel ( , and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB (RES:RANG command). Any value in the low range selects  
,
the low range. Any value that is within the middle range and above the maximum low-range value selects the middle range.  
Any value that is within the high range and above the maximum middle-range value selects the high range. Note that the  
values of the present resistance settings may be automatically adjusted to fit within the new range.  
Immediate Resistance Level  
The resistance level can be set at the front panel (  
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB (RES command). If the CR  
mode is the active mode, the new setting immediately changes the input at a rate determined by the voltage or current slew  
setting (see description below). If the load is not in the CR mode, the new setting is saved for use when the mode is changed  
to CR.  
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Triggered Resistance Level  
The resistance level can be preset (stored in the Electronic Load) allowing the input level to change when a trigger is  
received instead of immediately as previously described. The resistance level can only be preset via the GPIB (RES:TRIG  
command). The preset capability is not available at the front panel.  
If the CR mode is the active mode, the preset resistance level will become the actual value and the input will be updated  
when a trigger occurs. If the CR mode is not the active mode, the preset resistance level will become the actual value when  
a trigger occurs but there will be no effect on the input until the CR mode becomes active. Once a level is triggered,  
subsequent triggers will have no effect on the input unless another CURR:TRIG command is sent.  
Transient Resistance Level  
The transient resistance level can be set at the front panel (  
,
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB  
(RES:TLEV command). The transient level and the main level are used in transient operation, which is described later in  
this chapter. In the low resistance range, the transient level must be set to a higher resistance value than the main level.  
However, in the middle and high resistance ranges, the transient level must be set to a lower resistance value than the main  
level.  
Slew Rate  
Slew rate in resistance mode is not programmed in ohms/second. In the low resistance range, slew rate is programmed in  
volts/second. Whatever value is programmed for the voltage slew rate is also used for the low resistance range.  
In the middle and high resistance ranges, slew rate is programmed in amps/second. Whatever value is programmed for the  
current slew rate is also used for the middle or high resistance ranges.  
Constant Voltage (CV) Mode  
In this mode, the load will attempt to sink enough current to control the source voltage to the programmed value (see Figure  
2-3). The load acts as a shunt voltage regulator when operating in the CV mode. The CV mode can be set  
at the front panel (  
,
and  
keys) or via the GPIB (MODE:VOLT command). The CV mode  
parameters are described in the following paragraphs.  
Range  
Voltage mode has only one range  
Figure 2-3. Constant Voltage Mode  
Operation Overview 23  
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Immediate Voltage Level  
The voltage level can be set at the front panel (  
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB (VOLT command). If the CV  
mode is the active mode, the new setting immediately changes the input level at a rate determined by the voltage slew  
setting. If the load is not in the CV mode, the new setting is saved for use when the mode is changed to CV.  
Triggered Voltage Level  
The voltage level can be preset (stored in the Electronic Load) allowing the input level to change when a trigger is received  
instead of immediately as previously described. The voltage level can only be preset via the GPIB (VOLT:TRIG)  
command.  
Transient Voltage Level  
The transient voltage level can be set at the front panel (  
,
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB  
(VOLT:TLEV command). The load input will switch between the main level and the transient level when transient  
operation is turned on. The transient voltage level determines the higher voltage level.  
Slew Rate  
Slew rate determines the rate at which the voltage changes to a new programmed setting. Slew rate can be set at the front  
panel (  
,
, and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB (VOLT:SLEW command). This slew rate remains in effect for  
the immediate, triggered and transient voltage level changes described above.  
There are 12 discrete slew rates that can be programmed for CV Mode slew rate. Any slew-rate value can be sent to the load  
(there are no upper and lower limits that would cause an error). The load will automatically select one of the 12 rates that is  
closest to the programmed value. It is important to note that the fastest slew rates cannot be achieved because of bandwidth  
limitations (refer to the specifications table).  
Transient Operation  
Transient operation enables the load to periodically switch between two load levels, as might be required for testing power  
supplies. A power supply’s regulation and transient characteristics can be evaluated by monitoring the supply’s output  
voltage under varying combinations of load levels, frequency, duty cycle, and slew rate. Transient operation can be turned  
on and off at the front panel (  
key) or via the GPIB (TRAN ON and TRAN OFF commands). Before you turn  
on transient operation, you should set the desired mode of operation as well as all of the parameters associated with transient  
operation. Transient operation may be used in the CC, CR, or CV modes and can be continuous, pulsed, or toggled. Note  
that the pulsed or toggled operation cannot be programmed from the front panel.  
Continuous Transient Operation  
In continuous operation, a repetitive pulse train switches between two load levels. Continuous transient operation is  
selected via the GPIB using the TRAN:MODE CONT command. For front panel operation, continuous transient  
operation is automatically selected when transient operation is turned on(  
key).  
The two load levels in the transient operation are the previously described main level (immediate or triggered) and transient  
level for current, resistance, or voltage. The rate at which the level changes is determined by the slew rate (see slew rate  
descriptions for CV, CR, or CV mode as applicable). In addition, the frequency and duty cycle of the continuous pulse train  
are programmable.  
The frequency can be set from 0.25 to 10000 Hz at the front panel (  
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB  
(TRAN:FREQ command) The duty cycle can be set from 3% to 97% (0.25 Hz to 1 kHz) or from 6% to 94% (above 1  
kHz) at the front panel(  
and ENTRY keys) or via the GPIB (TRAN:DCYC command).  
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For example, assume that the CC mode is active, the slew rate is at the default setting (maximum rate), and the applicable  
transient operation parameters have been set as follows:  
HPSL Command  
Description  
TRAN:MODE CONT  
CURR 5  
CURR:TLEV 10  
TRAN:FREQ 1000  
TRAN:DCYC 40  
TRAN ON  
Sets continuous operation.  
Sets main current level to 5 amps.  
Sets transient current level to 10 amps.  
Sets transient generator frequency to 1 kHz.  
Sets transient generator duty cycle to 40%.  
Turns on transient operation.  
Figure 2-4 shows the waveform that would result in this example. The load input current will slew to and remain at 10 amps  
for 40% of the period (400 µs), then slew to and remain at 5 amps for the remaining 60% (600 µs) of that cycle.  
Figure 2-4. Continuous Transient Operation  
The load starts conduction at the main level (in this case 5 amps). When transient operation is turned on and at a time  
specified by the frequency setting the input level starts increasing at a rate determined by the slew rate. When the value  
specified by the transient level setting is reached, it stays there for the remainder of the time determined by the frequency  
and duty cycle settings. After this time has elapsed, the input level decreases to the main level again at the rate specified by  
the slew setting and stays there for the remainder of the period prescribed by the frequency setting.  
Pulsed Transient Operation  
Pulsed transient operation is similar to continuous operation with the following exceptions:  
a. In order to get a pulse, an explicit trigger is required. The trigger can be an external trigger signal received via  
the TRIGGER input on the rear panel, the GPIB GET function, the *TRG common HPSL command, or the TRIG  
subsystem HPSL command.  
b. One pulse results from each trigger. Therefore, frequency cannot be programmed. The main level, transient  
level, and slew rate are programmed as described for continuous operation. The pulse width is programmable from  
0.00005 to 4 seconds via the GPIB (TRAN:TWID command). Pulsed transient operation cannot be programmed at  
the front panel.  
c. There may be a delay between the generation of the trigger and the appearance of the pulse at the load’s input.  
For pulse widths of 17 ms or greater, delay is less than 1.6% of the pulse width. For pulse widths of less than 17 ms,  
delay is less than 4% of the pulse width.  
In this example, assume that the CC mode is active, the slew rate is at the factory default setting (maximum rate), an external  
trigger input is connected to the Electronic Load’s rear panel, and the applicable transient operation parameters have been  
set as follows:  
Operation Overview 25  
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HPSL Command  
Description  
TRIG:SOUR EXT  
TRAN:MODE PULS  
CURR 5  
CURR:TLEV 10  
TRAN:TWID .001  
TRAN ON  
Selects the external trigger input.  
Selects pulsed transient operation.  
Sets main current level to 5 amps.  
Sets transient current level to 10 amps.  
Sets pulse width to 1 millisecond.  
Turns on transient operation.  
Figure 2-5 shows the waveform that would result in this pulsed transient operation example. The Electronic Load starts  
conduction at the main current level setting (5 amps). When the transient mode is turned on and an external trigger signal is  
received, the input level starts increasing at a rate determined by the slew rate. When the value specified by the transient  
level setting (10 amps) is reached, it stays there for the remainder of the time determined by the pulse width setting  
(1 millisecond). After this time has elapsed, the input level decreases to the main level again at the rate specified by the  
slew setting and remains there until another trigger is received. Any triggers that occur during the time the transient level is  
in effect will be ignored.  
Figure 2-5. Pulsed Transient Operation  
Toggled Transient Operation  
Toggled transient operation causes the load input to alternate between two predefined levels as in continuous operation  
except that the transient points are controlled by explicit triggers instead of the internal transient generator. As in pulsed  
transient operation, the trigger signal can be an external trigger signal, the GPIB GET function, the *TRG command, or the  
TRIG command. Note that toggled transient operation can only be programmed via the GPIB (TRAN:TOGG command);  
it cannot be programmed at the front panel.  
In this example, assume that the CC mode is active, the slew rate is at the factory default setting (maximum rate), an external  
trigger input signal is connected to the Electronic Load’s rear panel, and the applicable transient operation parameters have  
been set as follows:  
HPSL Command  
Description  
TRIG:SOUR EXT  
Selects the external trigger input source.  
TRAN:MODE TOGG Selects toggled operation.  
CURR 5  
CURR:TLEV 10  
TRAN ON  
Sets main current level to 5 amps.  
Sets transient current level to 10 amps.  
Turns on transient operation.  
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Figure 2-6 shows the waveform that would result for this toggled transient operation example. Operation is similar to that  
described for continuous and pulse operation, except that each time a trigger is received the input alternates between the  
main and transient current levels.  
Figure 2-6. Toggled Transient Operation  
Triggered Operation  
The Electronic Load has various triggering modes to allow synchronization with other test equipment or events. As  
described previously, triggering can be used for the following applications:  
Transfers all pending preset levels to the actual level. For the presently active mode, the  
new level appears at the input. For the modes which are not presently active, the preset  
levels will not take effect at the input until the applicable mode becomes active.  
Triggering a preset level  
Generates a transient pulse of programmable width when pulsed transient operation is in  
effect.  
Triggering a transient pulse  
Toggling  
Changes the input between the main level and the transient level when toggled transient  
operation is in effect.  
Three triggering methods are available over the GPIB: the GET function, the *TRG common HPSL command, and the  
TRIG subsystem HPSL command (refer to Programming Reference Guide). The HPSL TRIG subsystem allows you to  
select the TRIG command as the trigger source. There is also a TRIGGER connector on the rear panel for external trigger  
inputs. Triggering cannot be done via the front panel.  
*TRG and the TRIG command are both synchronous with other commands; that is, the load is not triggered until pending  
operations are completed. GET and external triggers are all asynchronous; that is, the loads are triggered as soon as the  
trigger signal is received.  
The rear-panel TRIGGER connector also provides a trigger output signal. This signal is generated synchronously with the  
trigger signal sent by the load. The trigger output signal can be used to trigger an external device such as an oscilloscope,  
DVM, or another Electronic Load.  
The Electronic Load has a status reporting capability to keep track of trigger operations. Refer to ’Status Reporting’ in the  
Agilent Electronic Loads Programming Reference Guide.  
Slew Rate And Minimum Transition Time  
Slew rate is defined as the change in current or voltage over time. A programmable slew rate allows a controlled transition  
from one load setting to another to minimize induced voltage drops on inductive power wiring, or to control induced  
transients on a test device (such as would occur during power supply transient response testing).  
Operation Overview 27  
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In cases where the transition from one setting to another is large, the actual transition time can be calculated by dividing the  
voltage or current transition by the slew rate. The actual transition time is defined as the time required for the input to  
change from 10% to 90% or from 90% to 10% of the programmed excursion. In cases where the transition from one setting  
to another is small, the small signal bandwidth of the load limits the minimum transition time for all programmable slew  
rates. Because of this limitation, the actual transition time is longer than the expected time based on the slew rate, as shown  
in Figure 2-7.  
Figure 2-7. Risetime Transition Limitation  
Therefore, both minimum transition time and slew rate must be considered when determining the actual transition time. This  
is shown in Figure 2-8 for the twelve programmable slew rates in current mode operation. The actual transition time will be  
either the total slew time (transition divided by slew rate), or the minimum transition time, whichever is longer.  
In voltage mode, all minimum transition times are based on a low-capacitance current source. These transition times are  
affected by capacitive loading of the inputs. For example, a capacitance of 2.2 microfarads increases the 85 microsecond  
minimum transition time (shown in the specifications table) to 110 microseconds. Therefore, no graph is provided for  
minimum transition time and slew rate in voltage mode operation.  
In resistance mode, the low resistance range uses the slew rate that has been programmed for voltage mode. The middle  
resistance range uses the slew rate that has been programmed for the high current range. The high resistance range uses the  
slew rate that has been programmed for the low current range.  
Input Current, Voltage, and Power Measurement  
Each load’s input current, voltage, and power can be measured at the front panel (  
key) or via the GPIB (MEAS  
command). With local (front panel) control in effect, pressing will continually step the display through voltage and  
current input values, the computed power value, and various status conditions for the selected channel.  
With remote control in effect, a load may be instructed to measure its dc input voltage, current, or power by sending the  
appropriate query command (e.g. MEAS:CURR). The results will be read back when the load is addressed to talk.  
Voltage and current measurements are performed with approximately 12-bit resolution of full scale ratings. Power is  
computed from this information.  
28 Operation Overview  
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Short On/Off  
A load can simulate a short circuit at its input by turning the load on with full-scale current. The short circuit can be toggled  
on/off at the front panel (  
key) or via the GPIB (INPUT:SHORT ON|OFF command). The short on/off  
change uses the slew rate setting of the active mode and range.  
Figure 2-8. Transition Times and Slew Rates  
The actual value of the electronic short is dependent on the mode and range that are active when the short is turned on. In  
CV mode, it is equivalent to programming zero volts. In CC mode, it is equivalent to programming full-scale current for the  
present CC range. In CR mode, it is equivalent to programming the minimum resistance for the present resistance range.  
Note that turning the short on in CV mode may cause the load to draw so much current that the software current limit  
operates, which may turn the input off.  
Turning the short circuit on does not affect the programmed settings, and the input will return to the previously programmed  
values when the short is turned off.  
Pressing the Short on/off key with certain user applications may cause damage to the equipment being  
tested, which may result in personal injury. Contact your Agilent Sales and Service office if you need  
to have the Short on/off key disabled.  
Operation Overview 29  
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Input On/Off  
A load’s input can be toggled on/off at the front panel (  
key) or via the GPIB (INPUT ON|OFF command).  
The input on/off change does not use the slew rate setting so the input will change at the maximum slew rate.  
Turning the input off (zero current) does not affect the programmed settings. The input will return to the previously  
programmed values when the input is turned on again. Note that the Input On/Off command supersedes the mode  
commands and Short On/Off command.  
Saving and Recalling Settings  
The Electronic Load has internal registers in which settings (mode, current, voltage, resistance, slew, transient level, etc.)  
for various tests can be stored. Saving settings and recalling them later saves programming time.  
The present settings are saved in the specified register (0 to 6) at the front panel (  
key) or via the GPIB (*SAV  
command). All of the settings are saved in the specified location in the load’s memory. Settings saved in locations 1  
through 6 will be lost when ac line power is cycled. However, the *SAV 0 command will cause the settings to be stored in  
non-volatile memory; and, the next time the Electronic Load is turned on, these settings will become the power-on settings.  
You can recall the saved settings from the specified register (0 to 6) at the front panel (  
key) or via the GPIB (*RCL  
command). All of the parameters that were saved by the *SAV command are set to the saved values. At power-on, the  
Electronic Load automatically executes a *RCL 0, which recalls the values saved in nonvolatile memory.  
You can recall the factory default settings at the front panel (  
) or via the GPIB (*RST command).  
Reading Remote Programming Errors  
Remote programming errors can be read via the GPIB (SYST:ERR? query) or at the front panel (  
key). The Err  
annunciator indicates when remote programming errors have occurred. The errors are negative numbers grouped into  
blocks of 100 as follows:  
-lxx  
Command errors  
Execution errors  
Device-specific errors  
Query errors  
-2xx  
-3xx  
-4xx  
The SYST:ERR? query (or  
up to 30 entries). Once the error is read back it is removed from the list. A value 0 indicates there is no error; and 0 will be  
returned when all errors in the list have been read. Pressing the key displays just the error number. The  
key) reads back the errors in the order in which they occurred (the error queue can hold  
SYST:ERR? query returns the error number and a short description of the error to the computer. Refer to Chapter 6 in the  
Agilent Electronic Loads Programming Reference Guide.  
Local programming errors generated by front panel operations are not put into the error list, but are immediately put on the  
Electronic Load's front panel display; e.g., 'OUT OF RANGE'.  
Status Reporting  
The Electronic Load incorporates a status reporting capability. Various status conditions within the Electronic Load can be  
reported using this capability. The user determines which condition will be reported. Chapter 5 of the Agilent Electronic  
Loads Programming Reference Guide describes the status reporting capability in detail. Note that for a Single Input  
Electronic Load, the same information is available in both the channel status and questionable status registers.  
30 Operation Overview  
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Protection Features  
The Electronic Load includes the following protection features:  
Overvoltage  
Overcurrent (hardware and software)  
Overpower (hardware and software)  
Overtemperature  
Reverse Voltage  
The appropriate bits in the status registers are set when any of the above protection features are active. Also, the Prot  
annunciator comes on and the front-panel alphanumeric display indicates which conditions have been detected. For  
example, if an overtemperature (OT) condition has been detected causing the input to be turned off (protection shutdown,  
PS), the display will indicate "PS OT".  
Resetting Latched Protection  
All of the protection features latch (remain set) when they are tripped, except for the hardware overcurrent and reverse  
voltage. The latched protection features can be reset via the GPIB (*RST or INP:PROT:CLE commands) or at the front  
panel (  
key). Of course, the condition that caused the protection feature to trip must be removed or it will trip  
again as soon as it is reset.  
To protect the Electronic Load from possible damage, the input voltage must not exceed the specified  
maximum input voltage rating . Never apply the ac line voltage to a load’s input binding posts.  
Overvoltage  
The overvoltage protection circuit is set at a predetermined voltage, which cannot be changed. if the overvoltage circuit has  
tripped, the load will attempt to limit the voltage by drawing current from the DC source. The load limits the value of  
current drawn such that the resulting power is within the power rating. The overvoltage (OV) and voltage fault (VF) status  
register bits are set when the OV condition occurs, and will remain set until they are reset as previously described.  
An overvoltage condition does not cause the input to be turned off. However, a Fault signal output at the rear-panel control  
connector will indicate when either an overvoltage condition or a reverse voltage condition has occurred. The Fault signal  
is latched true (high TTL level) when the VF bit in the status register goes true. The Fault output signal (see Chapter 3) can  
be used to trip an external circuit breaker or control a relay (e.g., Agilent 59510A Relay Accessory) in order to disconnect  
the Electronic Load input from the source it is testing when an overvoltage or a reverse voltage condition occurs.  
Overcurrent  
The Electronic Load includes both hardware and software overcurrent protection features.  
Hardware. When operating in the CR or CV mode, it is possible for a load to attempt to sink more current than it is rated  
for. Under this condition, the load current will be limited by a current limit circuit, which is set at a value slightly above the  
current rating . It protects both the Electronic Load and the device under test from operating too far beyond specified limits.  
The hardware current limit circuit does not turn the load’s input off. The overcurrent (OC) bit in the status register is set  
when an OC condition occurs, and is reset when the OC condition is removed.  
Software. In addition to the hardware overcurrent protection circuit, the Electronic Load allows the user to define a current  
protection limit in software which will shut down the input if the limit is exceeded. The protection limit can only be  
programmed via the GPIB. It is turned on/off using the CURR:PROT:STATE ON|OFF command. The software current  
limit level (in amps) is set using the CURR:PROT command. A programmable delay (in seconds) before trip is also  
provided.  
Operation Overview 31  
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If the software overcurrent limit is exceeded and persists beyond the specified delay time, the input is turned off. Also, for  
these conditions, the OC and PS (protection shutdown) status register bits are set and will remain set until the OC condition  
is removed and the bits are reset as previously described.  
Overpower  
Nominal Power Limit. The nominal power-limit boundary is set by software that monitors the input current and voltage.  
If the input power exceeds the nominal power limit, the load sets the overpower status bit, which will reset if the overpower  
condition ceases. If the overpower condition persists for 50 ms, the input turns off, and the OP and PS status bits are both  
latched on. The input remains off, and the OP and PS status bits remain set, until protection clear occurs. Of course, if the  
overpower condition is not corrected, the input will turn off again.  
Overtemperature  
The Electronic Load has an overtemperature (OT) protection circuit that turns off the input if the internal temperature  
exceeds safe limits. If the OT circuit activates, the OT and PS status register bits are set and will remain set until they are  
reset. If the OT condition still exists when the reset is executed, the input will remain off. You must wait until the load  
cools down before you can reset the OT circuit. The fan will continue to operate to cool the unit as quickly as possible.  
Reverse Voltage  
This feature protects the Electronic Load in case the input dc voltage lines are connected with the  
wrong polarity. If a reverse voltage (RV) condition is detected, turn off power to the dc source and the  
load and make the correct connections.  
The Electronic Load conducts reverse current when the polarity of the DC source connection is incorrect. The maximum  
safe reverse current is specified in Table 1-1. The reverse voltage (RV) and voltage fault (VF) bits in the status register are  
set when reverse voltage is applied. When the reverse voltage is removed the RV bit is cleared. However, the VF bit  
remains set until it is reset. As previously described, the Fault output signal at the control connector tracks the state of the  
VF bit. The Fault signal can be used to control an external relay in order to disconnect the load from the dc source if an  
RV condition occurs.  
Control Connector  
The Electronic Load has a 10-pin connector mounted on its rear panel. The connector signals are described in the following  
paragraphs. See Chapter 3 for connection details.  
Remote Sensing  
The remote sensing inputs, + S and - S, can be used in CV or CR modes. By eliminating the effect of the inevitable voltage  
drop in the load leads, remote sensing provides greater accuracy by allowing the load to regulate directly at the source’s  
output terminals, as well as measure the voltage there.  
32 Operation Overview  
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Monitor Outputs  
The IMON and VMON output signals indicate the input current and voltage. A 0-to-10V signal at the appropriate output  
indicates the zero-to-full scale input current or voltage. An external DVM or oscilloscope can be connected to monitor the  
input voltage and current.  
External Programming Input  
CC and CV modes can be programmed with a signal (ac or dc) connected to the Ext Prog input. A 0-to-10V external signal  
corresponds to the 0-to-full scale input range in CV mode or in CC mode. The external programming signal is combined  
with the value programmed via the GPIB or the front panel, so that, for example, a programmed value of one-half full scale  
and a 5-volt external programming input would produce a full-scale value at the input.  
Figure 2-9 shows the input waveform that would result from the following setup:  
CC Mode  
High Range  
60% Full Scale (programmed via GPIB or front panel)  
± 1 V (2 V pk-pk) 1 kHz external programming signal  
The external programming signal (+ and - 1 volt) corresponds to + and - 1/10 full scale values at the input (1 volt external  
programming input = 1/10 full scale). Therefore, the load’s input current values between 50% and 70% of full scale as  
shown in Figure 2-9.  
Fault  
The Fault signal becomes active if an overvoltage or reverse voltage occurs at the input, as described in the Protection  
Features paragraphs.  
Figure 2-9. External Programming Example  
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Port On/Off  
Port is a general purpose output port that can be used to control an external device such as a relay for power supply test  
purposes. The output is toggled on and off via the GPIB (PORT0 ON | OFF command). It cannot be controlled from the  
front panel.  
The Port output signal is a TTL compatible signal that becomes active (high level) when the PORT command is  
programmed ON and becomes inactive (low level) when the PORT command is programmed OFF.  
34 Operation Overview  
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3
Installation  
Introduction  
This chapter discusses how to install and make connections to the rear panel of your Electronic Load. A turn-on checkout  
procedure as well as application considerations for specific operating modes are also discussed.  
Inspection  
When you receive your Electronic Load, inspect it for any obvious damage that may have occurred during shipment. If there  
is damage, notify the carrier immediately and notify the nearest Agilent Sales Office. Warranty information is printed on  
the inside front cover of this manual.  
Save the shipping cartons and packing materials in case the unit must be returned to Agilent Technologies in the future. If  
you return the unit for service, attach a tag identifying the owner and model number. Also include a brief description of the  
problem. In addition to this manual, check that the following items have been received with your Electronic Load:  
Power Cord  
Your Electronic Load was shipped with a power cord for the type of outlet used at your location.  
If the appropriate cord was not included, refer to Figure 3-1 for the part number and order option  
for your type of cord. Contact your nearest Agilent Sales and Service Office to obtain the  
correct cord. Refer to “Check Line Voltage” to check the line voltage selection and fuse type.  
Quick Disconnect  
Mating Plugs  
A 10-pin mating plug for the control connector and a 4-pin mating plug for the trigger connector  
are shipped with the Electronic Load. These mating plugs are discussed later in this chapter.  
Programming  
Reference Guide  
This guide enables you to use HPSL commands to remotely control your Electronic Load from a  
controller using the HPSL programming language.  
Change Sheet  
Change sheets may be included. Make corrections in the manual accordingly.  
Figure 3-1. Power Cord Configurations  
Installation 35  
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Location and Cooling  
Table 1-1 gives the dimensions of the Electronic Load. The cabinet has plastic feet that are shaped to ensure self-alignment  
when stacked with other Agilent System II cabinets. The feet may be removed for rack mounting. Your Electronic Load  
must be installed in a location that allows sufficient space at the sides and rear of the unit for adequate air circulation.  
The unit can be mounted in a standard 19-inch rack panel or enclosure. Rack mount kits are available as option numbers  
908 and 909 (with handles). Installation instructions are included with each rack mounting kit. Instrument support rails are  
recommended for non-stationary installations.  
The unit can operate without loss of performance within the temperature range of 0° to 40°C, and with derated performance  
from 40° to 55° C. A variable-speed fan cools the unit by drawing in air through the sides and exhausting it out the back.  
Using Agilent rack mount or slide kits will not impede the flow of air.  
Turn-On Checkout  
The simplified turn-on checkout procedure discussed in this section verifies that about 90% of the Electronic Load is  
operating correctly. The Service Manual (Option 910) contains detailed performance and verification tests. Before  
connecting the power cord and turning on the Electronic Load, check that the line voltage is set correctly and that the sense  
switch is set to Local.  
Check Line Voltage  
Your Electronic Load can operate with a 100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac input as indicated on the label on the rear panel (see  
Figure 3-2). Make sure that the factory check mark corresponds to your nominal line voltage. Skip this procedure if the  
label is correctly marked.  
Figure 3-2. Line Label  
1. With the unit off, disconnect the power cord and remove the four cover screws (M5). Use a number 2 Pozidriv.  
2. Locate the voltage select switches S552 and S553 in the unit (see Figure 3-3).  
3. Refer to the drawing on the PC board next to the switches and set the switches to the proper voltage.  
4. Replace the cover and mark the correct voltage on the rear panel label.  
5. Check the rating of the line fuse and replace it with the correct fuse if necessary (see next step).  
6. The line fuse is located below the ac line receptacle (see Figure 3-4). With the power cord removed, use a small  
screwdriver to extract the fuseholder from under the ac socket. Replace the fuse with the appropriate type as indicated  
below. These are time-delay fuses.  
36 Installation  
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Line Voltage  
100/120 Vac  
220/240 Vac  
Fuse  
0.5 AT  
0.25 AT  
Agilent Part No.  
2110-0803  
2110-0817  
7. Re-install fuse holder and connect the line cord.  
Figure 3-3. Voltage Select Switches  
Figure 3-4. Line Fuse  
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Connect The Power Cord  
Your Agilent Electronic Load was shipped with a power cord for the type of outlet used at your location. Connect the  
power cord to the ac input socket.  
SHOCK HAZARD The power cord provides a chassis ground through a third conductor. Be certain  
that your power outlet is of the three-conductor type with the correct pin connected to earth ground  
(see Figure 3-1).  
Turn-On/Selftest  
Turn on the Electronic Load using the LINE switch on the front panel and observe the display. Immediately after turn-on,  
the Electronic Load undergoes a selftest that checks the GPIB interface circuitry as well as the input circuitry of the unit.  
All of the front panel LCD segments are momentarily activated. When selftest completes, the display should appear about  
the same as the one shown in Figure 3-5 with the CC annunciator being on.  
Figure 3-5. Front Panel Display  
After the Electronic Load has passed selftest, connect a power supply to the Electronic Load to test the input circuits as  
described under "Power Test".  
If the unit fails any portion of the selftest, one of the following error numbers may briefly appear on the display:  
GPIB Errors  
Description  
GPIB failure  
Input Errors  
Description  
Self test error  
Display  
ERROR 4  
ERROR 5  
Display  
ERROR 100  
ERROR 101  
ERROR 102  
Internal trigger failed  
Secondary RAM failure  
Secondary ROM failure, power board  
disconnected or thermistor open  
Secondary timer trigger failed  
Calibration EEprom failed  
Main DAC high  
Main DAC low  
Transient DAC high  
Transient DAC low  
ERROR 103  
ERROR 104*  
ERROR 105  
ERROR 106  
ERROR 107  
ERROR 108  
* Requires calibration.  
Another indication that the Electronic Load has failed selftest is if the ERR annunciator on the display remains on after  
selftest completes. If the Electronic Load has failed selftest, return the unit to the nearest Agilent Sales and Service Office  
for repair.  
38 Installation  
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Power Test  
Note  
The following checkout assumes that the Electronic Load is set to the factory defaults listed in Table 4-6.  
Refer to Chapter 4 if you need to recall the factory default values.  
Use a power supply with the voltage set to 10 V and the current limit set to 10 A to check the input circuits. The settings of  
the power supply were only selected to agree with the following procedure. You can use different settings, but you must set  
the Electronic Load accordingly.  
1.  
Connect the power supply to the Electronic Load input binding posts using heavy wires to minimize the  
voltage drop in the wires.  
2.  
3.  
Observe that the front panel of the Electronic Load displays the voltage that the power supply was set to  
(10 V).  
Depress the following front panel keys in the indicated order:  
4.  
Observe that the Electronic Load is drawing 5 A and is operating in CC mode. The power supply should  
be operating in CV mode. The Electronic Load front panel display should appear about the same as the  
one shown in Figure 3-6.  
Figure 3-6. Power Test Display  
5.  
6.  
7
Depress the  
key.  
Observe that the Electronic Load front panel display indicates about 50 W.  
Turn off the Electronic Load, disconnect the power supply, and continue with the rear panel connections.  
Controller Connection  
GPIB Connector  
The GPIB connector on the rear panel connects the Electronic Load to the controller and to other GPIB devices. A GPIB  
system can be connected in any configuration (star, linear, or both) as long as:  
The total number of devices including the controller is no more than 15.  
The total length of all cables is no more than 2 meters times the number of devices connected together, up to a  
maximum of 20 meters.  
Note  
exceeds 4 meters.  
IEEE Std. 488-1978 states that you should exercise caution if an individual cable length  
Installation 39  
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Do not stack more than three connector blocks together on any GPIB connector. The resultant leverage can exert excessive  
force on the mounting panels. Make sure that all connectors are fully seated and that the lock screws are firmly hand-  
tightened. Use a screwdriver only for the removal of the screws.  
GPIB Address  
The GPIB address of the Electronic Load is factory set to address 5. The GPIB address can only be set using the front panel  
and ENTRY keys. Chapter 4 explains how to change the GPIB address.  
Rear Panel Connectors and Switches  
Figure 3-7 shows the rear panel of the Agilent 6060A Electronic Load.  
Figure 3-7. Rear Panel  
Input Binding Posts  
Two screw-down binding posts (+ and -) connect the input wires to the Electronic Load (see Figure 3-8). Connections are  
made as follows:  
1. Strip back the wire insulation as indicated:  
Wire Size  
AWG 4  
Strip back:  
16 mm  
AWG 6 or 8  
AWG 10 or smaller  
13 mm  
10 mm  
AWG 4 is the maximum wire size. AWG 6 or 8, is the recommended wire. If you are connecting more than one  
wire on each post, solder or twist the wires to ensure a good contact on each wire when the adjustment knob is  
tightened.  
2. Insert the wire into the binding post. Do not extend the wire beyond the bottom of the binding post.  
40 Installation  
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3. Hand tighten the adjustment knob to secure the wire in the binding post. If you are using a slotted screwdriver,  
tighten the knob to 8 in.-lbf for a secure connection.  
Installation for the optional front panel binding posts is the same as for the rear terminal binding posts.  
Do not use lubricants or contact cleaners on the binding posts. Certain chemical agents can damage the  
LEXAN material of the binding post, causing the part to fail.  
Figure 3-8. Input Binding Post  
Control Connector  
A ten-pin terminal block (TB301) connector and a quick-disconnect mating plug (RTB1) are provided for connecting  
remote sense leads, external V/I monitors, an external programming input, and external control lines (see Figure 3-9). You  
must remove the safety cover before you can disconnect mating plug RTB1.  
Consistent with good engineering practice, all leads connected to the control connector should be twisted and shielded to  
maintain the instrument’s specified performance.  
Figure 3-9. Control Connector  
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+S and -S  
Used to connect the remote sense leads to the power source. Pin 1 connects the + S signal and pin 2  
connects the - S signal.  
IM and VM  
(pins 3 and 4)  
Used to monitor the Electronic Load’s input current and voltage. A 0 V-to-10 V signal at the  
appropriate pin indicates the zero-to-full scale current or voltage. Pin 3 monitors current (IM); pin 4  
monitors voltage (VM).  
Common  
(pin 5)  
Provides the common connection for the IM, VM, and external programming (Ext Prg) signals. This  
common point is floating from ground at the potential of the - INPUT terminal.  
Ext Prg (pin 6)  
Connects an external programming input. The CC and CV mode can be programmed with a 0 V-to-10  
V signal (ac or dc). This signal can act alone or can be summed with values programmed over the  
GPIB. Thus, it is possible to have an ac signal applied at pin 6 upon a programmed dc level.  
Pin 7  
Not used.  
Flt (pin 8)  
A TTL-compatible output signal that becomes active (high level) when an overvoltage or a reverse  
voltage condition occurs. This signal powers up in the inactive (low-level) state.  
Port (pin 9)  
A TTL-compatible output signal that becomes active (high level) when the PORT0 command is  
programmed ON. This signal can be used to control an external device such as a relay for shorting the  
Electronic Load’s input terminals or as a general purpose digital output port. This signal powers up in  
the inactive (low-level) state.  
Common  
(pin 10)  
Provides the common connection for the Flt and Port signals.  
Replace the mating plug in the connector after you have finished making all wire connections. Replace the safety cover.  
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Trigger Connector  
A four-pin connector block (TB201) connector and a quick-disconnect mating plug (RTB2) are provided for input and  
output trigger signals (see Figure 3-10).  
Consistent with good engineering practice, all leads connected to the trigger connector should be twisted and shielded to  
maintain the instrument’s specified performance.  
Figure 3-10. Trigger Connector  
TRIG IN (pin 1)  
A TTL-compatible input that responds to low-level external trigger signals. A trigger applied to  
this input can be used to change settings (voltage, current, resistance, etc.), toggle between settings  
in transient-toggle mode, or generate a pulse in transient-pulse mode.  
TRIG OUT (pin 2)  
A TTL-compatible output signal that becomes active (low level) whenever the load is triggered  
with a GPIB command or TRIG IN signal. This signal can be used to trigger external equipment  
such as oscilloscopes, digitizers, or another load.  
Common  
Provides the common connection for the trigger signals.  
(pins 3 and 4)  
Sense Switch  
Unless you are using remote sensing, make sure that the sense switch is set toLocal. Remote sensing is used in certain  
applications to achieve greater accuracy (refer to "Remote Sense Connections" for more information).  
Note  
If the sense switch is set to remote operation without having sense leads connected to  
the sense inputs, the unit will continue to work in CC mode, but the input will turn off in CV and CR  
mode. Voltage readback will not work in any mode.  
Installation 43  
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Application Connections  
Wiring Considerations  
FIRE HAZARD To satisfy safety requirements, load wires must be heavy enough not to overheat  
while carrying the short-circuit output current of the device connected to the Electronic Load. Refer to  
Table 3-1 for the ampere capacity of various stranded wire sizes.  
Input connections are made to the + and - binding posts on the panel. (Input connections can also be made to the optional  
front panel binding posts). A major consideration in making input connections is the wire size. The minimum wire size  
required to prevent overheating may not be large enough to maintain good regulation. It is recommended that stranded,  
copper wires be used. The wires should be large enough to limit the voltage drop to no more than 0.5 V per lead. Table  
3-2 gives the maximum load lead length to limit the voltage drop to the specified limit.  
Local Sense Connections  
Figure 3-11 illustrates a typical setup with Electronic Load connected for constant current or constant resistance operation.  
Local sensing is used in applications where lead lengths are relatively short, or where load regulation is not critical. The  
sense switch must be set to LCL. Load leads should be bundled or tie-wrapped together to minimize inductance.  
Remote Sense Connections  
Figure 3-12 illustrates a typical setup with Electronic Load connected for remote sense operation. The remote sense  
terminals of Electronic Load are connected to the output of the power supply. Remote sensing compensates for the voltage  
drop in applications that require long lead lengths. It is only useful when Electronic Load is operating in CV or CR mode,  
or when using voltage readback. The sense switch must be set to RMT. Load leads should be bundled or tie wrapped  
together to minimize inductance.  
Table 3-1. Stranded Copper Wire Ampere Capacity  
Wire Size  
Ampacity  
Notes:  
AWG  
Cross Section  
Area in mm2  
1. Ratings for AWG-sized wires derived from MIL-W-5088B.  
Ratings for metric-sized wires derived from IEC Publication  
22  
20  
5.0  
8.33  
10  
15.4  
13.5  
19.4  
16  
31.2  
25  
40  
33-51.  
.
0.75  
1
18  
16  
14  
12  
10  
8
2. Ampacity of aluminum wire is approximately 84% of that  
listed for copper wire.  
1.5  
2.5  
4
3. When two or more wires are bundled together, ampacity  
for each wire must be reduced to the following percentages:  
2 conductors 94%  
3 conductors 89%  
4 conductors 83%  
5 conductors 76%  
32  
55  
40  
75  
6
10  
63  
100  
135  
4. Maximum temperatures:  
Ambient = 50° C  
6
4
Conductor = 105° C  
44 Installation  
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Parallel Connections  
Figure 3-13 illustrates how Electronic Loads can be paralleled for increased power dissipation. Up to six Electronic Loads  
can be directly paralleled in CC or CR mode. Units cannot be paralleled in CV mode.  
Each Electronic Load will dissipate the power it has been programmed for. For example, if two Electronic Loads are  
connected in parallel, with Electronic Load number 1 programmed for 10 A and module number 2 programmed for 20 A,  
the total current drawn from the source is 30 A.  
In Figure 3-13, all lead connections are terminated at the source. Each Electronic Load is connected to the source using  
separate wires. Using the source as the current distribution point allows larger wires to be used for each Electronic Load  
connection and also reduces the common impedance inherent in daisy-chained configurations.  
Figure 3-13 shows one method of triggering Electronic Loads that are connected in parallel. The TRIG OUT signal of  
Electronic Load number 1 is connected to the TRIG IN input of Electronic Load number 2. Additional Electronic Loads  
can be daisy chained to Electronic Load number 2 in the same manner. Once the new settings of the Electronic Loads have  
been programmed, one trigger signal can be used to simultaneously set all of the Electronic Loads to their new settings.  
Zero-Volt Loading Connections  
As shown in Figure 3-14, the Electronic Load can be connected in series with a voltage source or auxiliary power supply  
greater than 3 V so that the Electronic Load can test devices at its full current capacity down to a zero-volt level. Remote  
sensing is recommended for improved load regulation and when turning the short on.  
Table 3-2. Maximum Wire Lengths to Limit Voltage Drops  
Wire Size  
Resistivity  
Maximum Length in Meters (Feet) to Limit  
Voltage Drop to 0.5 V or Less  
Cross Section  
Area in mm2  
AWG  
22  
5 A  
(6)  
2.5  
(9.5)  
3.7  
(15.5)  
5.0  
(24.5)  
7.3  
(39.5)  
12.2  
(62.5)  
19.6  
(100)  
29  
(159)  
51  
(252)  
80  
10 A  
(3)  
1.2  
(4.5)  
1.9  
(7.5)  
2.5  
(12)  
3.6  
(19.5)  
6.1  
(31)  
9.8  
(50)  
14.7  
(79)  
25  
20 A  
(1.5)  
0.6  
(2)  
0.9  
(3.5)  
1.3  
(6)  
1.8  
(9.5)  
3.0  
(15.5)  
4.9  
(25)  
7.4  
(39.5)  
12.8  
(63)  
20  
30 A  
(1)  
0.4  
(1.5)  
0.6  
(2.5)  
0.8  
(4)  
1.2  
(6.5)  
2.0  
(10.5)  
3.3  
(17)  
4.9  
(27)  
8.5  
(40)  
13.4  
(68)  
40 A  
(0.77)  
0.31  
(1.23)  
0.47  
(2.0)  
0.63  
(3.1)  
0.91  
(4.9)  
1.52  
(7.9)  
2.46  
(12.5)  
3.69  
(19.9)  
6.41  
50 A  
(0.62)  
0.25  
(0.98)  
0.37  
(1.57)  
0.50  
(2.49)  
0.73  
(3.46)  
1.22  
(6.29)  
1.96  
(10.00)  
2.95  
(15.91)  
5.13  
60 A  
(0.52)  
0.21  
(0.82)  
0.31  
(1.30)  
0.42  
(2.07)  
0.61  
(3.30)  
1.01  
(5.24)  
1.64  
(8.34)  
2.96  
(13.25)  
4.27  
/kft  
16.15  
/km  
0.5  
40.1  
26.7  
20.0  
13.7  
8.21  
5.09  
3.39  
1.95  
1.24  
20  
18  
16  
14  
12  
10  
8
10.16  
6.388  
4.018  
2.526  
1.589  
0.9994  
0.6285  
0.3953  
0.2486  
0.75  
1
1.5  
2.5  
4
6
10  
16  
6
(126)  
40  
(201)  
(31.6)  
10.08  
(50.37)  
(25.30)  
8.06  
(40.23)  
(21.07)  
6.72  
(33.51)  
4
(402)  
(100)  
Installation 45  
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Figure 3-11. Local Sensing  
Figure 3-12. Remote Sensing  
46 Installation  
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Figure 3-13. Parallel Operation  
Figure 3-14. Zero-Volt Loading  
Installation 47  
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4
Local Operation  
Introduction  
The “Operation Overview” chapter introduced you to the Electronic Load's features and capabilities and briefly described  
how to control the unit locally from the front panel and remotely with a computer via the GPIB. This chapter describes in  
greater detail how to operate the Electronic Load from the front panel. The following discussions are provided:  
Front Panel Controls and Indicators  
Local Control Overview  
Using the FUNCTION Keys  
Using the SYSTEM Keys  
The Electronic Load can be programmed locally using the controls and indicators on the front panel. As shown in Figure 4-  
1, the front panel's controls and indicators include a 12-segment LCD display and a keypad having three groups of keys  
(SYSTEM, FUNCTION, and ENTRY). Table 4-1 gives a brief description of each control and indicator.  
Figure 4-1. Front Panel  
Table 4-1. Controls and Indicators  
Item  
Description  
1
2
Line Switch  
Turns the ac power on and off.  
LCD Display  
Normally displays the actual voltage and current at that input (e.g. 10.09 and 0.99, respectively).  
When programmed from the front panel, the function being programmed is displayed along with  
the value (e.g. CURR 1.000).  
Local Operation 49  
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Table 4-1. Controls and Indicators (continued)  
Description  
CC-Indicates the Electronic Load is in the constant current (CC) mode.  
Note that Figure 4-1 shows the Electronic Load is in the CC mode (CC annunciator is on).  
Item  
Electronic Load  
Status  
3
Annunicators  
CR-Indicates the Electronic Load is in the constant resistance (CR) mode.  
CV-Indicates the Electronic Load is in the constant voltage (CV) mode.  
Tran-Indicates that transient operation is enabled.  
Unr-Indicates that the Electronic Load is unregulated (applies only in the CC mode and in the  
middle and high ranges of the CR mode).  
Prot-Indicates when any protection features (CC, OV, OP, OT, etc.) are active.  
Err-Indicates that remote programming error(s) have occurred.  
Shift-Indicates that the shift key, bottom key (blue) in SYSTEM group, was pressed.  
4 GPIB Status  
Annunicators  
Rmt-Indicates that the Electronic Load is in the GPIB remote state. In the remote state, the only  
front panel key that will function is the Local key.  
Addr-Indicates that the Electronic Load is addressed to talk or to listen over the GPIB.  
SRQ-Indicates that the Electronic Load is requesting service over the GPIB; i.e., the service  
request line (SRQ) is active.  
5
SYSTEM Keys  
- Returns the Electronic Load from remote (computer) control to local (front panel)  
control.  
- Displays the Electronic Load’s GPIB address. You can change the address using the  
numeric entry keys. You cannot query or change the address remotely (over the GPIB).  
(shifted address key) - Displays error codes that resulted from remote programming.  
- Used in conjunction with the ENTRY keys to recall the saved settings from the specified  
location (Recall 0 through Recall 7). Recall 7 recalls the factory default settings.  
(shifted Recall key) - Used in conjunction with the ENTRY keys to save all of the present  
settings (mode, current, resistance, voltage, etc.) in the specified register (SAVE 0 thru SAVE 6).  
The settings in locations 1 thru 6 will be lost when ac power is cycled. However, SAVE 0 will  
cause the settings to be stored in non-volatile memory; and, the next time the Electronic Load is  
turned on, these settings will become the power on settings.  
(blue shift Key) - Activates shifted key functions (e.g., Error, Save, Slew, etc.). The Shift  
annunciator goes on when this key is pressed.  
50 Local Operation  
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Table 4-1. Controls and Indicators (continued)  
Description  
Item  
6
FUNCTION Keys  
- Returns the display to the metering function selected, the display will show the  
measured input voltage and current, the computed input power, or certain status conditions (e.g.  
INPUT SHORT ON, OC, etc.). Press the Meter key to continually step through the displays.  
- Displays the setting for current (C:RNG) or resistance (R:RNG), depending upon  
which function is selected. The settings can be changed using the ENTRY keys.  
- Toggles the input on and off. Input Off disables the Electronic Load. Input On  
enables the input and returns the Electronic Load to the original settings.  
- Toggles the short circuit mode on and off. Short On applies a short circuit across  
the Electronic Load input. Short Off removes the short circuit and returns the Electronic Load to  
the original settings.  
- Toggles transient operation on and off. The Tran annunciator is on while transient  
operation is on. Transient operation causes the Electronic Load input to periodically switch  
between two levels.  
- Displays the transient level for current (C:TLV), resistance (R:TLV), or voltage  
(V:TLV) depending upon which function is selected. This level can be changed using the  
ENTRY keys. The input alternates between the transient level (TLV) and the main level of the  
active mode (CURR, RES, or VOLT) when transient operation is turned on.  
- (shifted Tran Level key)-Displays the slew setting for current (C:SLW) or voltage  
(V:SLW) depending upon which function is selected. The settings can be changed using the  
ENTRY keys. The slew settings determine the rates at which new programmed values will  
change. Note that resistance changes use the voltage or current slew rate settings depending upon  
the resistance range.  
- Displays the frequency setting of the transient generator (e.g. FREQ 1000). The  
setting can be changed using the ENTRY keys. The Freq setting determines the frequency in  
continuous transient operation.  
(shifted Freq key) - Displays the duty cycle of the transient generator (e.g. DCYCLE  
50.0). The setting can be changed using the ENTRY keys. The Dcycle setting determines the  
TLEV portion (percentage) of the duty cycle in continuous transient operation.  
Clears the latching-type protection circuits: overvoltage, overpower, overtemperature,  
and overcurrent (user programmed).  
- Displays the active mode: constant current (MODE CURR), constant resistance  
(MODE RES), or constant voltage (MODE VOLT). The active mode can be changed using the  
CURR, RES, or VOLT key followed by the Enter key.  
- Displays the main current setting (e.g. CURR 3.275). This setting can be changed  
using the ENTRY keys. The CURR key also selects the CC mode (MODE CURR) in conjunction  
with the MODE and Enter keys.  
Local Operation 51  
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Table 4-1. Controls and Indicators (continued)  
Description  
Item  
6
FUNCTION Keys  
(continued)  
- Displays the resistance setting. (e.g. RES 1000). This setting can be changed using the  
ENTRY keys. The RES key also selects the CR mode (MODE RES) in conjunction with the  
MODE and Enter keys.  
- Displays the voltage setting (e.g. VOLT 5.567). This setting can be changed using the  
ENTRY keys. The VOLT key also selects the CV mode (MODE VOLT) in conjunction with the  
MODE and Enter keys.  
7
ENTRY Keys  
to  
and  
Set the value of the specified function (e.g. CURR 2.525, RES 1000, VOLT  
7.000, etc.).  
(backspace) - Erases the previous keystroke in order to make corrections before entering a  
new setting.  
- Enters the values on the display for the specified function (or selects the mode of  
operation), and returns the front panel to the metering mode.  
and  
- These keys simulate front panel control knobs. They can be used to  
change the main level or the transient level of the function shown on the display. The new values  
are entered automatically (Enter key is not used) and they take effect as soon as they are  
displayed. You can also use these keys to change the actual input level when the display is  
monitoring the input voltage/current or the computed power. Note that these keys have no effect  
on range, slew, frequency, etc.  
Local Control Overview  
In order to use the front panel keys to control the Electronic Load, local control must be in effect. Local control is in effect  
immediately after power is applied. With local control in effect (Rmt annunciator off), the SYSTEM, FUNCTION, and  
ENTRY keys can be used to program the Electronic Load. The power-on "wake-up" settings for all of the Electronic Load’s  
functions can be the factory default values or other user selected values as described later in this chapter.  
In the remote state (front panel Rmt annunciator on), the front panel keys will have no effect; only the GPIB controller can  
program the Electronic Load. You can still use the front panel display to view the input voltage and current readings while  
the remote state is in effect.  
You can return the Electronic Load to local control from remote control by pressing the Local key, provided that the local  
lockout command has not been received from the GPIB controller.  
With local control in effect, you can use the front panel display to view the input voltage/current values and the computed  
power value as well as certain fault and status conditions that may be present. This is referred to as the metering mode.  
The display can also be used to view programmed settings when certain SYSTEM and FUNCTION keys are pressed. This  
is referred to as the programming mode.  
You can return the display to the metering mode from the programming mode by pressing  
Meter key will cause the display to step through the following:  
. Continually pressing the  
52 Local Operation  
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"INPUT OFF" (if active)  
"SHORT ON"  
Volts/Amps input metering, for example, "9.99 0.99"  
Computed power value, for example "9.9 WATTS"  
Protection Features (if any are active):  
"VF"-voltage fault  
"OV"-overvoltage  
"RV"-reverse voltage  
"PS"-protection shutdown  
"OC"-overcurrent  
"OP"-overpower  
"OT"-overtemperature  
If the display is metering the input voltage/current or the computed power, you can use the Input ENTRY keys to increase  
or decrease the actual input. These keys simulate front panel control knobs. Pressing  
(current, resistance, or voltage) of the active mode to increase, while pressing  
will cause the main level  
will cause the main level to  
decrease. You can continually press an Input key to speed up the changes. In the CC and CR modes, the total amount of  
change is determined by the selected range.  
The protection features are described briefly in Chapter 2- Operation Overview in this guide. When programming the  
Electronic Load remotely, you can use the Electronic Load’s status reporting capability to check the state of the protection  
features. Refer to Chapter 5 - Status Reporting in the Agilent Electronic Load Family Programming Reference Guide.  
Note  
If the input voltage exceeds the maximum measurement capability of the Electronic Load, an overload  
(OVLD) condition will occur. This will cause the front panel display to change from indicating the  
volts/amps values (or the computed power value) to indicating "OVLD".  
Using The Function Keys  
Most of an Electronic Load’s functions can be programmed using these keys. Figure 4-2 is a flow chart that shows a  
recommended programming sequence. Note that the sequence includes turning the input off before you program any values.  
This is a good practice because it insures that there is no input current while you are setting up your test program.  
Programming is accomplished by selecting a mode of operation (CC, CR, or CV) and setting the desired values for range (if  
applicable), the main operating level, and the slew rate. If transient operation is desired, set the applicable transient level,  
make the desired frequency and duty cycle settings, and turn transient operation on. The settings you make will take effect  
at the input as soon as you turn the input on.  
Some programming examples are given in subsequent paragraphs . If you program a value outside the valid range, it will be  
ignored and the display will read "OUT OF RANGE".  
Note  
In the programming examples that follow, it is assumed that a dc source is connected to the Electronic  
Load’s INPUT binding posts.  
Turning the Input On/Off  
The input can be toggled on and off by pressing  
. When the input is turned off, the message "INPUT OFF" will  
be displayed. The input on/off change does not use any slew setting, so the input will change at the maximum rate. Turning  
the input off does not change the programmed settings.  
Turning the input on again restores the input to the programmed values and returns the display to the metering mode.  
Local Operation 53  
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Note  
The CC, CR, and CV values described in subsequent paragraphs can be programmed whether or not the  
associated mode is active. When a mode is selected, all of the associated values will take effect at the  
input provided that the input is turned on.  
Figure 4-2. Recommended Programming Sequence  
54 Local Operation  
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Setting the Mode of Operation  
The present (active) mode of operation is indicated by the appropriate annunciator being on (e.g. CC). The active mode can  
also be viewed on the display by pressing  
.
For example, "MODE CURR" indicates that the CC mode is active. You can change the mode to CR or CV by pressing the  
applicable key. To change the mode of operation from CC to CR, first press which changes the display to "MODE  
RES". Now, to activate the CR mode, press . As soon as the Enter key is pressed, the CR annunciator goes on, the  
resistance settings affect the input (provided that the input is turned on), and the display returns to the metering mode.  
Note  
The Range, Tran Level, and Slew (shifted Tran Level) keys are common to the CC, CR, and CV  
functions. These keys become associated with a particular function when you press the applicable function  
key (CURR, RES, or VOLT). If you do not select a function, they are associated with the function that is  
presently active.  
Setting CC Values  
The CC values are programmed by pressing the applicable FUNCTION keys and setting the desired values using the  
ENTRY keys. The display identifies the selected function; for example, C: SLW identifies current slew rate.  
Ranges  
The CC values can be programmed in either a low range or a high range. The valid CC values that can be programmed are  
listed in Table 4-2 along with the applicable front panel key and display identifier. Note that all current levels are  
programmed in amps and current slew rates are programmed in amps/microsecond.  
Table 4-2. CC Programming Ranges  
Function  
Set Range  
Key  
Display  
Range of Values  
6060B  
6063B  
"C:RNG value"  
Low A Range  
High Range  
Set Main Level  
0 and 6  
> 6 and 60  
0 and 1  
>1 and 10  
"CURR value"  
"C:SLW value"  
"C:TLV value"  
Low Range  
High Range  
0.0000 to 6.0000  
0.000 to 60.000  
0.0000 to 1.0000  
0.000 to 10.000  
Set Slew Rate  
Low Range  
(see Note 1)  
0.00010 to 0.5000 (A/µs)  
0.000017 to 0.083 (A/µs)  
0.00017 to 0.83 (A/µs)  
(shifted)  
High Range  
Set Transient Level  
0.0010 to 5.000 (A/µs)  
(see Note 2)  
Low Range  
High Range  
Notes:  
0.0000 to 6.0000  
0.000 to 60.000  
0.0000 to 1.0000  
0.000 to 10-000  
1. There are 12 discrete steps within a CC slew range (low or high). The 12 slew rate steps for each range are listed in  
Table 1-1. Any slew rate can be programmed (there are no upper and lower limits that would cause an error) . The  
Electronic Load automatically selects one of the 12 slew rates that is closest to the programmed value. See Chapter 2  
Operation Overview in this manual.  
2. The transient current level is meaningful only if transient operation is turned on. The transient current level must be  
set to a higher level than the main current level. See Transient Operation later in this Chapter.  
Local Operation 55  
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Changing the programming range can cause the present CC settings (main level, transient level, and slew rate) to be  
automatically adjusted to fit within the new range. For example, assume that you are programming the Agilent 6060B 300  
Watt Electronic Load, the present range is 0 to 60A "C:RNG 60.000", and the present CC settings are:  
"CURR 10.000" - main level is 10 A  
"C:TLV 12.000" - transient level is 12 A  
"C:SLW 5.0000" - slew rate is 5 A/µs  
If you now select the 0 to 6 A range "C:RNG 6.0000", the settings will automatically change to the following:  
"CURR 6.0000" - main level is 6 A  
"C:TLV 6.0000" - transient level is 6 A  
"C:SLW .50000" - slew rate is 0.5 A/µs  
Examples  
The following examples illustrate how to set CC values. Before you do these examples, press  
set the CC values to their factory default states (see Table 4-6).  
to  
1.  
2.  
Set Range  
a. Press  
to select the CC function. Now press  
to determine the range setting. Note that the  
display indicates "C:RNG " and the maximum high range CC value. This means that the high range is  
selected.  
b. Select the low range by pressing  
c. Press and check that the display indicates "C:RNG" and the maximum low range CC value.  
This means that the low range is selected.  
Set Main Level  
a.  
b.  
c.  
Press  
Set the main current level to 0.5 amps by pressing  
Press again and check that the display indicates "CURR 0.5000".  
and note that the display indicates "CURR" and the minimum low range CC value.  
.
Note that you can use the  
ENTRY keys to increment ( ) or decrement ( ) the main level CURR setting. You  
can see the CURR setting being incremented or decremented one step at a time each time you press the applicable Input  
key. The values are entered automatically (you don’t press the Enter key). Remember that if the CC mode is active, the  
incremented or decremented values will immediately change the actual input.  
3. Set Slew Rate  
a.  
First press the  
(blue shift key) and note that the Shift annunciator goes on. Now press  
(shifted Tran Level key) to determine the slew setting. Note that the display indicates "C:SLW" and the  
maximum slew rate setting for the low range.  
b.  
c.  
Set the slew rate to 0.0025 A/µs by pressing  
Press  
and  
again and check that the display indicates “C:SLW 0.0025" (or the closest  
slew rate step to this value depending upon the model being programmed).  
4. Set Transient Level - The transient current level "C:TLV" is meaningful only if transient operation (described later)  
is turned on.  
Note:  
Remember that you set the main current level to 0.5 amps in step 2. In CC mode, the transient level must  
be set to a higher level than the main level.  
a.  
Set the transient level to 1 amp by pressing  
56 Local Operation  
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b. Press  
again and note that the display indicates "C:TLV 1.0000". Note that you can use the  
Input ENTRY keys to increment and decrement the transient current level. Operation is similar to that  
described above for the main current level.  
Setting CR Values  
The CR values are programmed by pressing the applicable FUNCTION keys and then setting the desired value using the  
ENTRY keys. The display identifies the selected function; for example, R:RNG identifies resistance range. See Appendix  
A for considerations regarding high-resistance applications.  
Ranges  
The resistance values can be programmed in a low, middle, or high range. The valid CR values that can be programmed are  
listed in Table 4-3 along with the applicable front panel key and display identifier. Note that all resistance levels are  
programmed in ohms and the slew rate is in amps/microsecond or volts/microsecond depending upon the resistance range.  
Table 4-3. CR Programming Ranges  
Function  
Set Range  
Key  
Display  
Range of Values  
6060B  
6063B  
"R:RNG value"  
Low range  
Middle range  
High range  
0 or 1  
> 1 or 1000  
>1000 or 10000  
0 and 24  
> 24 or 24000  
> 24000 or 240000  
Set Main Level  
"RES value"  
(see Note 1)  
Low range  
Middle range  
High range  
0.033 to 1.0000  
1.0000 to 1000.0  
10.000 to 10000  
0.200 to 24.000  
24.000 to 24000  
240.000 to 240000  
Set Slew Rate  
Low range  
Middle or High range  
Set Transient Level  
(shifted)  
"V:SLW value"  
"C:SLW value"  
"R:TLV value"  
(see Note 2)  
(see Notes 1 and 3)  
Low range  
Middle range  
High range  
Notes:  
0.033 to 1.0000  
1.0000 to 1000.0  
10.000 to 10000  
0.200 to 24.000  
24.000 to 24000  
240.000 to 240000  
1. In the middle and high ranges, the resolution of the main level and the transient level degrades as higher values are  
entered. The value of resistance displayed will be the closest one to the value entered. A similar effect will occur with  
the  
and  
keys. Refer to Appendix A for considerations regarding high resistance applications.  
2.  
In the low resistance range, the resistance slew rate is programmed in volts/microsecond instead of in  
ohms/microsecond. Whatever value is programmed for the voltage slew rate (see "Setting CV Values") is also used for  
resistance in the low range. In the middle and high ranges, the resistance slew rate is programmed in  
amps/microsecond. Whatever value is programmed for the current slew rate (see "Setting CC Values") is also used for  
resistance in either the middle or high ranges.  
3. In the low range, the transient resistance level must be set to a higher value than the main resistance value. In the  
middle and high ranges, the transient resistance level must be set to a lower value than the main resistance value.  
Changing the programming range can cause the present CR settings to be automatically adjusted to fit within the new range.  
For example, assume that you are programming the Agilent 6060B 300 Watt Electronic Load, the present range is 1 to 1 k  
ohms "R:RNG 1000.0", and the present settings are:  
Local Operation 57  
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"RES 50.000" - main level is 50 ohms  
"R:TLV 40.000" - transient level is 40 ohms  
"C:SLW.50000" - slew rate is 0.5 A/µs (1 to 1 k ohms range uses the CC slew rate setting).  
If you now select the low range (R:RNG 1.0000), the settings will automatically be changed to fit into the new range as  
follows:  
"RES 1.0000" - main level is 1 ohm (maximum value low range)  
"R:TLV 1.0000" - transient level is 1 ohm (maximum value low range)  
"V:SLW 5.0000" - slew rate is 5 V/µs (low range uses the CV slew rate setting).  
If you now select the high range (R:RNG 10000), the settings will be automatically adjusted to fit into the new range as  
follows:  
"RES 10.000"-main level is 10 ohms (minimum value high range)  
"R:TLV 10.000"-transient level is 10 ohms (minimum value high range)  
"C:SLW .50000"-slew rate is 0.5 A/µs (high resistance range uses the CC slew rate setting).  
Examples  
The following examples illustrate how to set CR values. Before you do these examples, press  
set the CR values to their factory default states (see Table 4-6).  
to  
1.  
Set Range  
a. Press  
to select the CR function. Now press  
to determine which range is presently selected.  
Note that the display indicates "R:RNG" and the maximum middle range resistance value. This means the  
middle range is presently selected.  
b. Select the low range by pressing  
c. Press  
and note that the display indicates "R:RNG" and the maximum low range value. This means  
the low range is presently selected.  
2.  
Set Main Level  
a. Press  
and note that the display indicates "RES" and the maximum low range resistance value.  
b. Set the main resistance level to 0.4 ohms by pressing  
c. Press again and check that the display indicates "RES 0.4000" .  
You can use  
ENTRY keys to increment ( ) and decrement ( ) the RES setting. You can see the RES setting  
being incremented or decremented one step at a time each time you press the applicable Input key. The values are entered  
automatically (you don’t press the Enter key). Remember if the CR mode is active, the incremented or decremented values  
will immediately change the actual input.  
3.  
Set Slew Rate  
a. First press the  
(blue shift key) and note that the Shift annunciator goes on. Now press  
(shifted  
Tran Level key) to determine the present slew setting. Note that the display indicates "V:SLW" and the  
maximum voltage slew rate. The Electronic Load automatically selects the voltage slew rate when the low  
resistance range is selected.  
b. Set the slew rate to 0.25 V/µs by pressing  
c. Press  
and  
again and check that the display indicates "V:SLW 0.2500" (or the closest slew  
rate step to this value for the particular model being programmed).  
58 Local Operation  
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4.  
Set Transient Level-The transient resistance level "R:TLV" is meaningful only if transient operation (described  
later) is turned on.  
a. Set the transient level to 0.8 ohm by pressing  
. Remember that in the low range the transient level must be set higher than  
the main level.  
b. Press  
again and note that the display indicates "R:TLV 0.8000". Note that you can use the Input  
ENTRY keys to increment and decrement the transient resistance level. Operation is similar to that described  
for the main resistance level.  
Setting CV Values  
The CV values for the are programmed by pressing the applicable FUNCTION keys and setting the desired values using the  
ENTRY keys. The display identifies the selected function; for example "V:TLV" identifies the transient voltage level.  
Range  
The voltage values can only be programmed in one range. The valid CV values are listed in Table 4-4 along with the  
applicable front panel key and display identifier. All voltage levels are programmed in volts and the voltage slew rate is  
programmed in volts/microsecond.  
Table 4-4. CV Programming Ranges  
Function  
Key  
Display  
Range of Values  
6060B  
6063B  
Set Main Level  
Set Slew Rate  
"VOLT value"  
"V:SLW value"  
0.000 to 60.000  
0.000 to 240.000  
(Note 1)  
(Note 2)  
0.0010 to 0.5000 (V/µs)  
0.0040 to 2.000 (V/µs)  
(shifted)  
Set Transient Level  
Notes:  
"V:TLV value"  
0.000 to 60.000  
0.000 to 240.00  
1. There are 12-discrete steps within the voltage slew range. Because of bandwidth limitations, only 9 slew rate steps can be  
achieved (see Table 1-1). Any slew rate can be programmed. (There are no upper and lower limits that would cause an error.)  
The Electronic Load automatically selects one of the 12 slew rates that is closest to the programmed value. See Chapter 2  
Operation Overview in this manual.  
2. The transient voltage level is meaningful only if transient operation is turned on. The transient voltage level must be set  
to a higher value than the main voltage level. See Transient Operation.  
Examples  
The following examples illustrate how to program CV values. Before you do these examples, press  
to set the CV values to their factory default values.  
1.  
Set Main level  
a. Set the main voltage level to 20 volts by pressing  
b. Press  
again and check that the display indicates "VOLT 20.000".  
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Note that you can use the  
ENTRY keys to increment ( ) or decrement ( ) the main VOLT level setting. You can  
see the VOLT setting being incremented or decremented one step at a time each time you press the applicable Input key.  
The values are entered automatically. (You don’t press the Enter key.) Remember if the CV mode is active, the  
incremented or decremented values will immediately change the actual input.  
2.  
Set Slew Rate  
a. First press  
(blue shift key) and note that the Shift annunciator goes on. Now press  
(shifted Tran  
Level key) to determine the present slew setting. Note that the display indicates "V:SLW" and the maximum slew  
rate.  
b. Set the slew rate to 0.5 V/us by pressing  
c. Press  
and  
again and note that the display indicates "V:SLW 0.5000" (or the closest slew rate step to  
this value depending upon the model being programmed).  
3. Set Transient Level  
a. Set the transient voltage level to 30 volts by pressing  
b. Press  
again and note that the display indicates "V:TLV 30.000".  
Note that you can use the Input Entry keys to increment and decrement the transient voltage level. Operation is similar to  
that described above for the main voltage level.  
Transient Operation  
Transient operation can be used in the CC, CR, or CV mode. It causes the Electronic Load to switch between two load  
levels. Only continuous transient operation can be programmed from the front panel. Pulsed and toggled transient  
operation as well as continuous transient operation can only be programmed remotely via the GPIB computer.  
In continuous transient operation, a repetitive pulse train switches between two load levels. Transient operation is turned on  
and off at the front panel using the Tran on/off key. Before you turn on transient operation, you should set the desired mode  
of operation as well as all of the values associated with transient operation.  
The two load levels in transient operation are the main and transient levels previously described for CC, CR, and CV. The  
rate at which the level changes is determined by the associated slew rate setting.  
In addition to the mode dependent parameters mentioned above, the frequency and the duty cycle of the continuous pulse  
train are programmable (see Table 4-5).  
Table 4-5. Continuous Pulse Train Programming Ranges  
Function  
Frequency  
Duty Cycle  
Key  
Display  
"FREQ value"  
Range of Values  
0.25 to 10000 Hz  
"DCYCLE value"  
3 to 97% (0.25 Hz to 1 kHz)  
6 to 94% (1 kHz to 10 kHz)  
(shifted)  
The following example illustrates how to program transient operation in the CC mode.  
1. Setup CC Values  
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a. Set the main CC level to 0.5 amps, the transient CC level to 1 amp, and the slew rate to 0. 0025 A/µs. See  
examples under Setting CC Values.  
b. Turn on CC mode by pressing:  
2. Set frequency to 5 kHz by pressing:  
3. Set duty cycle to 25% by pressing:  
(blue shift key)  
(shifted)  
4. Turn on transient operation by pressing:  
5. Note that the Tran annunciator is on.  
Shorting The Input  
The Electronic Load can simulate a short circuit across its input. The short circuit can be toggled on/off by pressing  
.
When the input is shorted the message "SHORT ON" win be displayed. The short on/off change uses the slew rate setting  
of the active mode and range. Turning the short off returns the input to the previously programmed values and returns the  
display to the metering mode. Note that "INPUT OFF" takes precedence over "SHORT ON".  
Pressing the Short on/off key with certain user applications may cause damage to the equipment being  
tested, which may result in personal injury. Contact your Agilent Sales and Service office if you need  
to have the Short on/off key disabled.  
Resetting Latched Protection  
The Electronic Load includes overvoltage "OV", overpower "OP", and overtemperature "OT" protection features as well as  
a software overcurrent limit protection feature (remotely programmable only) that latch when they are tripped. The  
protection shutdown "PS" and voltage fault "VF" conditions also latch when tripped. The Prot annunciator on the front  
panel goes on when any of the above features are tripped. To reset any of these protection features, press  
.
Note  
The condition that caused the protection feature to trip must be removed or it will trip again as soon as it  
is reset. Also, if OT occurs, the Electronic Load must have sufficiently cooled down in order for the  
to take effect.  
Using The System Keys  
These keys consist of Local, Address, Error (shifted Address key), Recall, Save (shifted Recall key), and the blue shift key.  
The Local key and the Shift key have already been discussed. The remaining SYSTEM keys are described in the following  
paragraphs.  
Local Operation 61  
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Setting The Electronic Load’s GPIB Address  
Before you can program the Electronic Load remotely via a GPIB computer, you must know its GPIB address. You can  
find this out by pressing  
. The Electronic Load’s GPIB address will be displayed; for example "ADDRESS 5".  
The Electronic Load is shipped from the factory with its address set to 5.  
If you want to leave the address set at 5, you can return to the metering mode by pressing the Meter key.  
If you want to change the address, you can enter a new value. Any integer from 0 to 30 can be selected. For example, to  
change the address to 12 press:  
.
This new address will remain set and will not be lost when power is cycled. Note that the Address setting is not affected by  
the Save and Recall functions described below.  
Displaying Error Codes  
Remote programming errors are indicated when the Err annunciator is on. To display the error code(s), first return to local  
control by pressing  
.
To display an error code, press  
(blue shift key)  
(shifted).  
Errors are recorded in a list and are displayed in the order in which they occurred. Each time the shifted Error key is  
pressed, an error code is displayed. Once an error is displayed, it is removed from the error list. "ERROR 0" indicates  
there are no errors present and will be displayed when all errors in the list have been displayed. The error codes are  
negative numbers in the range from - 100 to - 499. Refer to the Agilent Electronic Loads Programming Reference Guide  
for a description of the error codes.  
Saving and Recalling Settings  
The Electronic Load’s settings (mode, input state, current levels, resistance levels, etc.) can be saved and then recalled for  
use in various test setups. The complete list of parameters that can be saved and recalled are the same parameters as listed  
in Table 4-6.  
The present settings of all parameters can be saved in a specified storage register (0 to 6) using the Save (shifted Recall)  
key. At a later time, you can recall the settings from the specified register using the Recall key.  
For example, you can store the present settings in register 2 by pressing  
.
(blue shift key)  
(shifted)  
You can change the Electronic Load’s settings as required and then return to the settings stored in register 2 by pressing  
.
Settings stored in registers 1 through 6 will be lost when the Electronic Load’s power is cycled. When power is turned off  
and then on again, each of these registers (1 through 6) will be set to the "wake-up" values. The "wake-up" values are  
stored in register 0 and can be set to any values you desire (see Changing Wake-up Settings).  
The main advantage in using internal registers 1 through 6 is that it simplifies the repetitive programming of different  
settings. The Save key can be used in conjunction with the Input on/off key to store settings while the input is off. The  
Recall key can be used at a later time to recall desired settings while the input is turned on.  
62 Local Operation  
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Table 4-6. Factory Default Settings  
Function Setting  
6063B  
6060B  
on  
Input on/off  
on  
Short on/off  
off  
off  
CURR level  
0 A  
0 A  
CURR transient level  
CURR slew rate  
CURR range  
0 A  
1 A/µs  
60 A  
0 A  
0.83 A/µs  
10 A  
*CURR protection level  
*CURR protection delay  
*CURR protection on/off  
VOLT level  
VOLT transient level  
VOLT slew rate  
RES level  
RES transient level  
RES range  
Mode  
61.2 A  
15 s  
off  
60 V  
60 V  
5 V/µs  
1000 Ω  
1000 Ω  
1000 Ω  
CC  
10.2 A  
15 s  
off  
240 V  
240 V  
2 V/µs  
2400 Ω  
24000 Ω  
24000 Ω  
CC  
Transient Operation  
Frequency  
Duty Cycle  
off  
1 kHz  
50%  
off  
1 kHz  
50%  
**Transient mode  
*Pulse width  
*Port0 output signal  
*Calibration mode  
*Trigger source  
continuous  
0.5 ms  
TTL logic 0  
off  
continuous  
0.5 ms  
TTL logic 0  
off  
hold  
hold  
*Can only be programmed remotely via the GPIB.  
**Continuous transient operation is the only mode of transient operation available  
at the front panel. Pulsed, toggled, and continuous transient operating modes may  
be programmed remotely via the GPIB.  
Changing "Wake-up" Settings  
The "wake-up" settings are stored in register 0. At power-on, the Electronic Load will "wake-up" with these values set.  
When the Electronic Load is shipped from the factory, its "wake-up" values are the same as its factory default values (see  
Table 4-6).  
You can change the "wake-up" values to whatever values you wish. You do this by setting them into the Electronic Load  
and then saving them in register 0 by pressing  
(blue shift key)  
(shifted Recall key)  
.
When power is turned off and on, the Electronic Load will be set to the values you saved in register 0.  
The Save 0 operation takes a few seconds to complete. Do not turn power off until the "SAVE 0 "  
message goes away indicating that the operation is complete. If you turn off power before completion,  
the Electronic Load’s non- volatile memory will be corrupted and the Electronic Load  
will need to be recalibrated.  
Local Operation 63  
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Recalling the Factory Default Values  
You can recall the factory default values (see Table 4-6) for all modules by pressing:  
.
As soon as the Enter key is pressed, the Electronic Load will be set to its factory default values. Note that the Electronic  
Load is also set to the factory default values when the *RST common command is sent via the GPIB (see the Programming  
Reference Guide).  
If you also want the factory default settings to be the "wake-up" settings, you can recall them as described above and then  
press:  
(blue shift key)  
(shifted)  
.
Now, when power is turned off and on, the Electronic Load will be set to the factory default settings.  
64 Local Operation  
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5
Remote Operation  
Introduction  
Chapter 4 - Local Operation described how to program the Electronic Load manually using the front panel keys. This  
chapter describes the fundamentals of programming the Electronic Load remotely from a GPIB controller The similarities  
between local and remote programming will become apparent as you read this chapter.  
The intent of this chapter is to help first time users quickly become familiar with operating their Electronic Load remotely  
from a GPIB controller. Only the most commonly used HPSL commands will be discussed. Programming examples given  
in this chapter use the HPSL commands in their simplest form (abbreviated commands, no optional key words, etc.).  
Refer to the Agilent Electronic Loads Programming Reference Guide for a detailed description of all commands. The  
Programming Guide includes a complete Language Dictionary as well as a quick reference summary of all of the HPSL  
commands that can be used to program the Electronic Load. It also covers the Electronic Load’s GPIB functions, status  
reporting capabilities, and error messages.  
Note  
The programming examples that follow are written in BASIC Programming Language for use with HP  
Series 300 computers. You may convert these examples for use with any other language or computer.  
Enter/Output Statements  
You need to know the statements your computer uses to output and enter information. For example, the Agilent BASIC  
language statement that addresses the Electronic Load to listen and sends information to the Electronic Load is:  
OUTPUT  
The Agilent BASIC language statement that addresses the Electronic Load to talk and reads information back from the  
Electronic Load is:  
ENTER  
The Electronic Load’s front panelRmt annunciator is on when it is being controlled remotely via a GPIB controller and its  
Addr annunciator is also on when it is addressed to talk or to listen.  
GPIB Address  
Before you can program your Electronic Load remotely via a GPIB computer, you need to know its GPIB address. Each  
instrument you connect to the GPIB interface has a unique address assigned to it. The address allows the system controller  
to communicate with individual instruments.  
The Electronic Load’s GPIB address is set locally at the front panel using the Address key as described in Chapter 4. The  
examples in this chapter assume that the Electronic Load’s address is 05.  
Series 300 computers have a GPIB interface select code which is 7. Only one instrument connected to the interface can have  
address 05. Thus, the complete GPIB address assumed in the upcoming programming examples is 705. You may modify  
the examples to have any GPIB address.  
Remote Operation 65  
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Sending A Remote Command  
To send the Electronic Load a remote command, combine your computer’s output statement with the GPIB interface select  
code, the GPIB device (Electronic Load) address, and finally the Electronic Load’s HPSL command. For example, to set  
the input current of a previously specified channel to 10 amps, send:  
Getting Data Back  
The Electronic Load is capable of reading back the values of parameter settings as well as its actual input voltage and  
current or computed input power. It can also return information relating to its internal operation and instrument  
identification. In order to read back the desired information, you must send the appropriate query to the Electronic Load.  
For example, the query "MEAS:CURR?" asks the Electronic Load to measure the actual input current at the INPUT binding  
posts. Refer to the Agilent Electronic Loads Programming Reference Guide for complete details on using queries.  
The Electronic Load stores its response to the query in an output buffer which will hold the information until it is read by  
the computer or is replaced with new information.  
Use your computer's enter statement to read the response from the Electronic Load’s output buffer. The following example  
asks the Electronic Load its actual input current and then reads the response back to the computer.  
10 OUTPUT 705; "MEAS:CURR?"  
20 ENTER 705; A  
30 DISP A  
40 END  
Line 10: Measures the actual input current.  
Line 20: Reads the actual input current level back into variable A in the computer.  
Line 30: Displays the input current value on the computer's display  
Remote Programming Commands  
The Electronic Load command set consists of more than 60 HPSL compatible commands. The HPSL commands have  
many optional key words which can be used to document your programs. Most of the commands have a query syntax which  
allows the present parameter settings to be read back to the controller. All of these details are given in the Agilent  
Electronic Loads Programming Reference Guide.  
The Electronic Load's major functions can be programmed using a relatively few number of these commands. Figure 5-1  
illustrates how to program these functions using the applicable HPSL commands. Table 5-1 lists the programming ranges  
associated with each function as well as the applicable HPSL commands. The factory default settings for each function are  
listed in Table 4-6.  
The remaining paragraphs in this chapter give a few simple programming examples to help you get started. In each  
example, it is assumed that a dc power source is connected to the Electronic Load’s input binding posts. Also, the following  
points are important to remember when you are remotely programming current, resistance and voltage values.  
66 Remote Operation  
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1.  
2.  
Modes  
The CC, CR, and CV values can be programmed whether or not the associated mode is active. If the input is  
turned on, all of the applicable values will take effect at the input when the associated mode is selected.  
Ranges  
Changing the CC or CR programming range can cause the present settings to be automatically adjusted to fit  
within the new range. See Setting CC Values and Setting CR Values in Chapter 4. During a range change, the  
input will go through a non-conducting state to minimize overshoots.  
3.  
4.  
Transient levels  
The transient CC or CV level must be set to a higher level than the respective main level. In the low range, the  
transient CR level must be set to a higher level than the main CR level. In the middle and high ranges, the  
transient CR level must be set to a lower level than the main CR level.  
Slew Rates  
The CC slew rate is programmed in amps/second. There are 12-steps for each of the two current ranges (low and  
high). The Electronic Load automatically selects one of the 12 steps that is closest to the programmed value. The  
CV slew rate is programmed in volts/second. There are 12-steps within the voltage range. The Electronic Load  
automatically selects one of the 12 steps that is closest to the programmed value. In the low range, the CR slew  
rate is programmed in volts/second instead of ohms/second. Whatever value is programmed for the CV slew rate  
is also used for CR. In the middle and high ranges, the CR slew rate is programmed in amps/second. Whatever  
value is programmed for the CC slew rate is also used for CR.  
5.  
6.  
Programmable Current Protection (CURR:PROT)  
The programmable current limit is in effect for any mode of operation (not just the CC mode). When  
programmable current protection is enabled, and the programmed current limit and time delay are exceeded, the  
module’s input will be turned off.  
Measurement Overload (OVLD)  
If the input voltage exceeds the maximum measurement capability of the load, an overload (OVLD) condition will  
be indicated in the return values that resulted from a MEAS:VOLT? or MEAS:POW? query sent to the associated  
channel. The MEAS:POW? query will return an overload indication if either voltage or current has exceeded the  
module’s maximum measurement capability since power is calculated from voltage and current. Overload is  
indicated by the value 9.9E + 37 instead of the normal voltage or power readings. This is the IEEE 488.2 value for  
positive infinity.  
Remote Operation 67  
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Figure 5-1. Remote Programming Flowchart (Sheet 1)  
68 Remote Operation  
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Figure 5-1. Remote Programming Flowchart (Sheet 2)  
Remote Operation 69  
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CC Mode Example  
This example sets the current level to 0.75 amps and then reads back the actual current value.  
10 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT OFF"  
20 OUTPUT 705;"MODE:CURR"  
30 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:RANG 1"  
40 OUTPUT 705;"CURR 0.75"  
50 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT ON"  
60 OUTPUT 705;"MEAS:CURR?"  
70 ENTER 705;A  
80 DISP A  
90 END  
Line 10:  
Line 20:  
Line 30:  
Line 40:  
Line 50:  
Line 60:  
Line 70:  
Line 80:  
Turns off Electronic Load input.  
Selects the CC mode.  
Selects the low current range.  
Sets the current level to 0.75 amps.  
Turns on Electronic Load input.  
Measures the actual input current and stores it in a buffer inside the Electronic Load.  
Reads the input current value into variable A in the computer.  
Displays the measured current value on the computer’s display.  
CV Mode Example  
This example presets the voltage level to 10 volts, and selects the external trigger source.  
10 OUTPUT 705; "INPUT OFF"  
20 OUTPUT 705;"MODE:VOLT"  
30 OUTPUT 705;"VOLT:TRIG 10"  
40 OUTPUT 705;"TRIG:SOUR EXT"  
50 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT ON"  
60 END  
Line 10:  
Line 20:  
Line 30:  
Line 40:  
Line 50:  
Turns off Electronic Load input.  
Selects the CV mode.  
Presets the voltage level to 10 volts.  
Selects the external input as the trigger source.  
Turns on Electronic Load input.  
In this example, when the Electronic Load receives the external trigger signal, the input voltage level will be set to 10 volts.  
CR Mode Example  
This example sets the current protection limit to 2 amps, programs the resistance level to 100 ohms, and reads back the  
computed power. See Appendix A for considerations regarding high-resistance applications.  
10 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT OFF"  
20 OUTPUT 705; "MODE:RES"  
30 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:PROT:LEV 2;DEL 5"  
40 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:PROT:STAT ON"  
50 OUTPUT 705;"RES:RANG 25"  
60 OUTPUT 705;"RES 100"  
70 Remote Operation  
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70 OUTPUT 705;”INPUT ON"  
80 OUTPUT 705;”MEAS:POW?"  
90 ENTER 705;A  
100 DISP A  
110 END  
Line 10:  
Line 20:  
Line 30:  
Line 40:  
Line 50:  
Line 60:  
Line 70:  
Line 80:  
Line 90:  
Turns off Electronic Load input.  
Selects the CR mode.  
Sets the current protection limit to 2 A with a trip delay of 5 seconds.  
Enables the current protection feature.  
Selects the middle range.  
Sets the resistance level to 100 ohms.  
Turns on Electronic Load input.  
Measures the computed input power level and stores it in a buffer inside the Electronic Load.  
Reads the computed power level into variable A in the computer.  
Line 100: Displays the computed power level on the computer's display.  
Continuous Transient Operation Example  
This example sets the CC levels and programs the slew, frequency, and duty cycle parameters for continuous transient  
operation.  
10 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT OFF"  
20 OUTPUT 705;"MODE:CURR"  
30 OUTPUT 705;"CURR .5"  
40 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:TLEV 1;SLEW 2500"  
50 OUTPUT 705;"TRAN:MODE CONT;FREQ 5000;DCYC 40"  
60 OUTPUT 705;"TRAN ON"  
70 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT ON"  
80 END  
Line 10: Turns off Electronic Load input  
Line 20: Selects the CC mode.  
Line 30: Sets the main current level to .5 A.  
Line 40: Sets the transient current level to 1 A and the slew rate to 2500 A/s (or the closest slew rate step to this value  
depending upon the model being programmed.  
Line 50: Selects continuous transient operation, sets the transient generator frequency to 5 kHz, and sets the duty cycle  
to 40%.  
Line 60: Turns on the transient generator.  
Line 70 Turns on Electronic Load input.  
Pulsed Transient Operation Example  
This example sets the CR levels, selects the bus as the trigger source, sets the fastest slew rate, programs a pulse width of  
1 millisecond for pulsed transient operation.  
10 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT OFF"  
20 OUTPUT 705;"MODE:RES"  
30 OUTPUT 705;"RES 10"  
40 OUTPUT 705;"RES:TLEV 5"  
50 OUTPUT 705;"TRIG:SOUR BUS"  
60 OUTPUT 705;"CURR:SLEW 5000000"  
70 OUTPUT 705;"TRAN:MODE PULS;TWID .001"  
Remote Operation 71  
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80 OUTPUT 705;"TRAN ON  
90 OUTPUT 705;"INPUT ON"  
.
.
.
.
200 OUTPUT 705;"*TRG"  
210 END  
Line 10:  
Line 20:  
Line 30:  
Line 40:  
Turns off Electronic Load input.  
Selects the CR mode.  
Selects the main resistance level to 10 ohms.  
Sets the transient resistance level to 5 ohms. Remember in the 1 to 1k range, the transient resistance level  
must be set to a lower level than the main resistance level.  
Selects the GPIB as the trigger source.  
Sets the current slew rate to the fastest rate. Remember that in the middle range, the resistance slew rate  
is programmed in amps/second.  
Line 50:  
Line 60:  
Line 70:  
Line 80:  
Line 90  
Line 100  
to  
Selects pulsed transient operation and sets the pulse width to 1 millisecond.  
Turns on the transient generator.  
Turns on Electronic Load input.  
Other commands are executed.  
Line 190  
Line 200: The *TRG command generates a 1 millisecond pulse at the Electronic load input.  
Table 5-1. Remote Programming Ranges  
HPSL Command  
Function  
(Short Form)  
Range of Values  
Constant Current (CC)  
Set Range  
"CURR:RANG value"  
6060B  
6063B  
Low Range  
High Range  
Set Main Level  
Low Range  
0 and 6 A  
> 6 and 60 A  
0 and 1 A  
> 1 and 10 A  
’CURR value"  
0 to 6 A  
0 to l A  
High Range  
0 to 60 A  
0 to 10 A  
Set Slew Rate  
Low Range  
High Range  
"CURR:SLEW value"  
.
100 to 500,000 A/s  
1000 to 5,000,000 A/s  
1.7 to 83,000 A/s  
17 to 830,000 A/s  
Set Transient Level  
*Set Triggered Level  
"CURR:TLEV value"  
"CURR:TRIG value"  
Same as CC main level  
Same as CC main level  
72 Remote Operation  
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Table 5-1. Remote Programming Ranges (continued)  
HPSL Command  
Function  
(Short Form)  
Range of Values  
Constant Resistance (CR)  
Set Range  
"RES:RANG value"  
6060B  
6063B  
Low Range  
Middle Range  
High Range  
Set Main Level  
Low Range  
0 or 1 Ω  
>1 and kΩ  
>1 kand kΩ  
0 and 24 Ω  
24 and 24 kΩ  
>24 kand 240 kΩ  
’RES value"  
0 to 1 Ω  
0 to 24 Ω  
Middle Range  
High Range  
1 to 1 kΩ  
10 to 10 kΩ  
24 to 24 kΩ  
240 to 240 kΩ  
Set Slew Rate  
Low Range  
Middle/High Range  
Set Transient Level  
*Set Triggered Level  
"VOLT: SLEW value"  
"CURR:SLEW value"  
"RES:TLEV value"  
"RES:TRIG value"  
Same as CV slew rate  
Same as CC slew rate  
Same as main CR level  
Same as main CR level  
Constant Voltage (CV)  
Set Main Level  
Set Slew Rate  
Set Transient Level  
*Set Triggered Level  
Transient Operation  
Set Frequency  
6060B  
6063B  
0 to 240 V  
4000 to 2,000,000 V/s  
"VOLT value"  
0 to 60 V  
1000 to 5,000,000 V/s  
Same as main CV level  
"VOLT:SLEW value"  
"VOLT:TLEV value"  
"VOLT:TRIG value"  
Same as main CV level  
"TRAN:FREQ value"  
"TRAN:DCYC value"  
0.25 to 10000 Hz  
3 to 97% (0.25 Hz to 1 kHz  
6-94% (1 kHz-10 kHz)  
0.00005 to 4 seconds  
6063B  
Set Duty Cycle  
*Set Pulse Width  
Current Protection  
*Set Current Level  
*Set Delay Time  
"TRAN:TWID value"  
6060B  
0 to 61.2 A  
"CURR:PROT value"  
"CURR:PROT:DEL value"  
0 to 10.2 A  
0 to 60 seconds  
*Can only be programmed remotely via the GPIB.  
Remote Operation 73  
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6
Calibration  
Introduction  
This chapter describes the calibration procedures for the Electronic Load and gives a sample calibration program. The  
Electronic Load should be calibrated annually, or whenever certain repairs are made (refer to the Service Manual).  
Calibration is accomplished entirely in software by sending calibration constants to the Electronic Load via the GPIB. This  
means that the Electronic Load can be calibrated without removing its cover, or removing it from its cabinet if rack  
mounted.  
There are three DACs in the Electronic Load that must be calibrated - a main DAC, a readback DAC, and a transient level  
DAC. Six ranges must be calibrated for both the main DAC and the transient DAC - a voltage range, a low resistance range,  
a middle resistance range, a high resistance range, a low current range, and a high current range. The main DAC requires  
two operating points to be calibrated for each range - a high point and a low point. The transient DAC requires only the  
high operating point to be calibrated for each range; it uses the same low operating point as the main DAC. Note that the  
transient level for the middle and high resistance ranges is lower than the high level of the main DAC.  
The readback DAC is only calibrated for the high current range and the voltage range. It also requires two operating points  
to be calibrated for each range - a high point and a low point. For the sake of convenience you can use the same values to  
calibrate the main and the readback DAC, but you could also use different values to optimize accuracy.  
Note  
All calibration must be done when the Electronic Load is at room temperature.  
Example Programs  
The example programs in this chapter are written using the, Agilent BASIC Language. If you are using an HP Series  
200/300 computer, simply type in the programs and run them. At appropriate places in the program you will be prompted to  
measure and enter values into the computer and verify that the values are within specifications.  
If you are using a different computer or programming language, you will have to modify the programs before you can run  
them.  
Equipment Required  
Table 6-1 lists the equipment required for calibration. Note that less accurate and less expensive current shunts may be used  
than those listed, but the accuracy to which current and resistance programming as well as readback, can be checked must be  
reduced accordingly. Figure 6-1 illustrates how the calibration equipment should be connected.  
Table 6-1. Equipment Required for Calibration  
Equipment  
Shunts  
Characteristics  
0.1 @ 15 A, 0.04% @ 25 W  
0.01 @ 100 A, 0.04% @ 100 W  
dc accuracy of 0.01%, 6 digit readout  
240 Vdc/60 Adc minimum  
Recommended Model  
Guildline 9230/15  
Guildline 9230/100  
Agilent 3456A or equivalent  
Agilent 6032A or Agilent 6035A and  
Agilent 6031A, or equivalent  
Agilent BASIC (5.0/5.1)  
Voltmeter  
Power Supply  
PARD < 3 mV rms/30 mv pp  
GPIB (IEEE-488)  
Controller  
Calibration 75  
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Figure 6-1. Calibration Equipment Setup  
Calibration Commands  
The following calibration commands are required to calibrate the Electronic Load. They are used in the program examples  
included in this section. Refer to the Agilent Electronic Loads Programming Reference Guide for HPSL commands.  
CALibration:[MODE] ON|OFF|  
Turns the calibration mode on or off.  
CALibration:LEVel:HIGH <NRf>  
Enters the actual high level value (measured by an external instrument) that corresponds to the present high level setting.  
An error is generated if the high level value is not greater than the low level value. Both high and low CAL: LEV  
commands must be sent before the constants are recalculated and stored in RAM.  
CALibration:LEVel:LOW <NRf>  
Enters the actual low level value (measured by an external instrument) that corresponds to the present low level setting. An  
error is generated if the low level value is not less than the high level value. Both high and low CAL: LEV commands must  
be sent before the constants are recalculated and stored in RAM.  
CALibration:TLEVel[:HIGH] < NRf >  
Enters the actual transient level value (measured by an external instrument) that corresponds to the present transient setting.  
The low level value of the main DAC is used as the low point for the transient calibration. Note that for the middle and high  
resistance ranges, the transient level is LOWER than the high level of the main DAC.  
CALibration:MEASure:HIGH <NRf>  
Enters the actual high level value (measured by an external instrument) that corresponds to the present high level setting.  
The input signal must remain applied to the Electronic Load while this command is executed because the unit takes a  
reading with the readback DAC to calibrate itself. An error is generated if the high level value is not greater than the low  
level value. Both high and low CAL:MEAS commands must be sent before the constants are recalculated and stored in  
RAM.  
CALibration:MEASure:LOW <NRf>  
Enters the actual low level value (measured by an external instrument) that corresponds to the present low level setting. The  
input signal must remain applied to the Electronic Load while this command is executed because the unit takes a reading  
with the readback DAC to calibrate itself. An error is generated if the low level value is not less than the high level value.  
Both high and low CAL:MEAS commands must be sent before the constants are recalculated and stored in RAM.  
76 Calibration  
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CALibration:SAVE  
Writes the present calibration constants into the EEPROM. This command does not have to be sent until all ranges and  
modes have been calibrated. If the unit is turned off before CAL:SAVE is sent, the new calibration constants are lost  
Calibration Flowcharts  
The flowchart in Figures 6-2 describes the calibration procedure. It corresponds to the example calibration program. The  
flowchart indicates the appropriate statement that is used in the program example to accomplish each step. It also indicates  
when to set the power supply to the appropriate voltage and current output. Refer to Table 6-2 for the variable values,  
power supply settings, and current shunts associated with the model that you are calibrating.  
Calibration mode is turned on at the beginning of the calibration procedure. Remember to save the calibration constants  
after you have verified that they are within specifications. Do not turn calibration mode off until after you have saved the  
new calibration constants - otherwise the new calibration constants will be lost.  
Note  
When calibrating the high calibration point of the high current range and high current transient level, you  
must wait about 30 seconds for the internal current shunt of the module to stabilize with the full current  
applied before you execute the CAL:MEAS:HIGH command. Because the high current range  
calibration causes the Electronic Load to heat up, you should also allow about 30 seconds time for the unit  
to cool down to room temperature before continuing to calibrate any other modes or ranges.  
One shortcut that is used in this calibration procedure is that the readback DAC is calibrated for current readback after the  
high current range calibration, and calibrated for voltage readback after the voltage range calibration. This is because the  
readback setups are the same as the setups for the high current and voltage ranges. Another shortcut is that the same values  
are used to calibrate the main DAC as well as the readback DAC. You may wish to use different values to calibrate the  
readback DAC to optimize accuracy.  
It is not necessary to calibrate the current readback for the low current range or for reading back resistance values. This is  
because the high current readback calibration takes care of the low current range. The resistance values that are readback  
are calculated based on the voltage at the input terminals and the current through the internal current shunt resistor. If the  
readback DAC has been calibrated for voltage and current readback, resistance readback will be accurate.  
Note  
Remember to turn the unit off after you have saved the new calibration constants. When the unit is turned  
on again, the new calibration constants are used to recalculate the software OP and OC limits. These  
limits are not updated until power is cycled.  
Example Program  
The example program in this chapter is written in the Agilent BASIC Language. If you are using an HP Series 200/300  
computer, simply type in the program and run it. If you are using a different computer or programming language, you will  
have to modify the program before you can run it.  
The program can be used to calibrate all Electronic Load models. You must specify the address of the Electronic Load that  
you are calibrating as shown in line 10. (The program assumes address 705.) Line 20 specifies channel 1 which is the  
channel number used by all Single Input Electronic Load models. You must make the variable assignments for the model  
that you are calibrating in lines 40 through 90. Refer to table 6-2 for the values that apply to the model you are calibrating.  
Do not change the last value (Flag) in lines 40, 50, 70, 80, and 90.  
When the program is run, it will stop at appropriate places and prompt you to set the power supply according to Table 6-2,  
enter your measured values into the computer, and verify that the values are within specifications.  
Calibration 77  
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Table 6-2. Calibration Information  
6060B  
6063B  
Power  
Supply  
Settings  
25 V/10.5 A  
Ranges and Calibration  
Points  
Variables  
Variable  
Values  
Power  
Supply  
Settings  
5 V/61 A  
Current  
Shunt  
Variable  
Values  
Current  
Shunt  
High Current Range  
High Current Offset  
Low Current Range  
Low Current Offset  
Voltage Range  
Hi_curr_rng  
Hi_curr_offset  
Lo_curr_rng  
Lo_curr_offset  
N/A  
60  
0.0282  
6
0.0197  
N/A  
60  
100 A  
15 A  
N/A  
10  
0.0048  
1
0.0032  
N/A  
240  
2
24  
23.9  
.88  
240  
500  
24  
24020  
2000  
240  
15 A  
15A  
N/A  
5 V/10 A  
61 V/5 A  
25 V/2 A  
246 V/0.6 A  
Voltage Hi point  
Voltage Lo point  
Volt_hipt  
Volt_lopt  
2.7  
1
1
.04  
10  
30  
Low Resistance Range  
Low Resistance Hi point  
Low Resistance Lo point  
Middle Resistance Range  
Middle Resistance Hi point  
Middle Resistance Lo point  
High Resistance Range  
High Resistance Hi point  
High Resistance Lo point  
Lo_res_rng  
Lo_res_hipt  
Lo_res_lopt  
Mid_res_rng  
Mid_res_hipt  
Mid_res_lopt  
Hi_res_rng  
Hi_res_hipt  
Hi_res_lopt  
15 V/10.9 A  
10.9 V/15 A  
60 V/6 A  
15 A  
15 A  
15 A  
60 V/1.8 A  
43.6 V/4 A  
*240 V/2 A  
15 A  
15 A  
15 A  
1
1001  
120  
12  
78 Calibration  
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Figure 6-2. Calibration Flowchart  
Calibration 79  
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Figure 6-2. Calibration Flowchart (continued)  
80 Calibration  
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Figure 6-2. Calibration Flowchart (continued)  
Calibration 81  
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Program Listing  
10  
ASSIGN @Ld TO 705  
20  
Chan=l  
30  
40  
50  
60  
70  
80  
90  
OUTPUT @Ld;”CHAN”;Chan;”;CAL ON"  
Cal_curr(@Ld,Chan,Hi_curr_rng,Hi_curr_offset,l)  
Cal_curr(@Ld,Chan,Lo_curr_rng,Lo_curr_offset,0)  
Cal_volt(@Ld,Chan,Volt_hipt,Volt_lopt)  
Cal_res(@Ld,Chan,Lo_res_rng,Lo_res_hipt,Lo_res_lopt,0)  
Cal_res(@Ld,Chan,Mid_res_rng,Mid_res_hipt,Mid_res_lopt,l)  
Cal_res(@Ld,Chan,Hi_res_rng,Hi_res_hipt,Hi_res_lopt,1)  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:SAV"  
100  
110  
120  
130  
140  
150  
160  
170  
180  
190  
200  
210  
220  
230  
240  
250  
260  
270  
280  
290  
300  
310  
320  
330  
340  
350  
360  
370  
380  
390  
400  
410  
420  
430  
440  
450  
460  
470  
480  
490  
500  
510  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL OFF"  
END  
!
SUB Cal_curr(@Ld,Chan,Curr_rng,Curr_offset,Flag)  
PRINT "CURRENT CALIBRATION, RANGE ";Curr_rng  
PRINT "Set power supply according to calibration information table"  
PRINT "Use the correct current shunt for the range you are calibrating"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready"  
PAUSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CHAN";Chan  
OUTPUT @Ld;"MODE:CURR"  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR:RANG";Curr_rng  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR";.05*Curr_rng  
INPUT "Enter current through shunt for low point in amps",Lopt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:LOW";Lopt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR";.85*Curr_rng  
IF Flag THEN WAIT 25  
INPUT "Enter current through shunt for high point in amps",Hipt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:HIGH";Hipt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR";Curr_rng  
INPUT "Enter current through shunt for high point in amps",Hipt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:HIGH";Hipt_curr  
IF Flag THEN OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:MEAS:HIGH";Hipt_curr  
IF Flag THEN WAIT 25  
IF Flag THEN  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR";4*(Curr_rng/3750)  
WAIT 1  
INPUT "Enter current through shunt for low point in amps",Lopt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:HIGH";(Lopt_curr-Curr_offset)  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:MEAS:HIGH";Lopt_curr  
ELSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR";10*(Curr_rng/3750)  
INPUT "Enter current through shunt for low point in amps",Lopt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:LOW";(Lopt_curr-Curr_offset)  
END IF  
PRINT "Test unit to verify that program and readback values are in spec"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready to calibrate transient levels  
PAUSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR";.05*Curr_rng  
OUTPUT @Ld;"TRAN:STAT ON;MODE TOGG;:TRIG:SOUR BUS"  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CURR:TLEV";.85*Curr_rng  
82 Calibration  
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Program Listing (continued)  
520  
530  
540  
550  
560  
570  
580  
590  
600  
610  
620  
630  
640  
650  
660  
670  
680  
690  
700  
710  
720  
730  
740  
750  
760  
770  
780  
790  
800  
810  
820  
830  
840  
850  
860  
870  
880  
890  
900  
910  
920  
930  
940  
950  
960  
970  
980  
990  
1000  
1010  
1020  
OUTPUT @Ld;"*TRG"  
IF Flag THEN WAIT 30  
INPUT "Enter current through shunt for high point in amps",Trpt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:TLEV";Trpt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"TRAN OFF"  
PRINT "Test unit to verify that transient values are in spec"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready to calibrate next range or mode"  
PAUSE  
SUBEND  
!
SUB Cal_volt(@Ld,Chan,Volt_hipt,Volt_lopt)  
PRINT "VOLTAGE CALIBRATION"  
PRINT "Set power supply according to calibration information table"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready"  
PAUSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CHAN";Chan  
OUTPUT @Ld;"MODE:VOLT"  
OUTPUT @Ld;"VOLT";.05*Volt_hipt  
WAIT 3  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals for low point in volts",Lopt_v  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:LOW";Lopt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:MEAS:LOW";Lopt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"VOLT";.85*Volt_hipt  
WAIT 3  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals for high point in volts", Hipt_  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:HIGH";Hipt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:MEAS:HIGH";Hipt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"VOLT";Volt_lopt  
WAIT 3  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals for low point in volts",Lopt_v  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:LOW";Lopt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:MEAS:LOW";Lopt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"VOLT";Volt_hipt  
WAIT 3  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals for high point in volts", Hipt_  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:HIGH";Hipt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:MEAS:HIGH";Hipt_volts  
PRINT "Test unit to verify that program and readback values are in spec"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready to calibrate transient level"  
PAUSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"VOLT";Volt_lopt  
OUTPUT @Ld;"TRAN:STAT ON;MODE TOGG;:TRIG:SOUR BUS"  
OUTPUT @Ld;"VOLT:TLEV";Volt_hipt  
OUTPUT @Ld;"*TRG"  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals for transient point in volts"  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:TLEV";Trpt_volts  
OUTPUT @Ld;"TRAN OFF"  
PRINT "test unit to verify that transient values are in spec"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready to calibrate next mode"  
PAUSE  
SUBEND  
Calibration 83  
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Program Listing (continued)  
1030  
1040  
1050  
1060  
1070  
1080  
1090  
1100  
1110  
1120  
1130  
1140  
1150  
1160  
1170  
1180  
1190  
1200  
1210  
1220  
1230  
1240  
1250  
1260  
1270  
1280  
1290  
1300  
1310  
1320  
1330  
1340  
1350  
1360  
1370  
1380  
1390  
1400  
1410  
1420  
1430  
1440  
1450  
!
SUB Cal_res(@Ld,Chan,Res_rng,Res_hipt,Res_lopt,Flag)  
PRINT "RESISTANCE CALIBRATION, RANGE";Res_rng  
PRINT "Set power supply to calibration information table"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready to continue"  
PAUSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CHAN";Chan  
OUTPUT @Ld;"MODE:RES"  
OUTPUT @Ld;"RES:RANG";Res_rng  
OUTPUT @Ld;"RES";Res_hipt  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals in volts",Hipt_volt  
INPUT "Enter current through current shunt in amps”,Hipt_curr  
Hipt_res=Hipt_volt/Hipt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:HIGH";Hipt_res  
OUTPUT @Ld;"RES";Res_lopt  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals in volts",Lopt_volt  
INPUT "Enter current through current shunt in amps",Lopt_curr  
Lopt_res=Lopt_volt/Lopt_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:LEV:LOW;Lopt_res  
PRINT "Test unit to verify resistance values"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready to calibrate transient level"  
PAUSE  
IF Flag THEN  
OUTPUT @Ld;"RES";Res_hipt  
ELSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"RES";Res_lopt  
END IF  
OUTPUT @Ld;"TRAN:STAT ON;MODE TOGG;:TRIG:SOUR BUS"  
IF Flag THEN  
OUTPUT @Ld;"RES:TLEV";Res_lopt  
ELSE  
OUTPUT @Ld;"RES:TLEV";Res_hipt  
END IF  
OUTPUT @Ld;"*TRG"  
INPUT "Enter voltage across input terminals in volts",Tran_volt  
INPUT "Enter current through current shunt in amps",Tran_curr  
Tran_res=Tran_volt/Tran_curr  
OUTPUT @Ld;"CAL:TLEV";Tran_res  
OUTPUT @Ld;"TRAN OFF"  
PRINT "Test unit to verify transient values are in spec"  
PRINT "Press CONT when ready to end program or calibrate next range"  
PAUSE  
SUBEND  
84 Calibration  
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Explanation  
LINE 10-20  
Specify select code, address, and channel (default 705, 1)  
Turn calibration mode on  
LINE 30  
LINE 40-90  
LINE 100  
LINE 110  
Assign variables for subprograms (see module calibration tables)  
Store new constants in EEROM when calibration complete  
Turn calibration mode off  
LINE 140  
LINE 200-220  
LINE 230  
Current calibration subroutine  
Select channel, current mode, and range  
Set high calibration point  
LINE 240  
LINE 260  
LINE 270  
LINE 280  
If high current range, wait for internal current shunt to stabilize  
Send measurement in amperes for high main calibration point  
If high current range, send measurement in amperes for high readback cal point  
Set low calibration point  
LINE 300  
LINE 310  
LINE 350  
Send measurement in amperes for low main calibration point  
If high current range, send measurement in amperes for low readback cal point  
Set low calibration point  
LINE 360-370  
LINE 380-390  
LINE 400  
Select transient toggle mode and GPIB trigger source  
Turn transient mode on and set transient calibration point  
Trigger transient level  
LINE 410  
LINE 430  
LINE 440  
If high current range, wait for internal current shunt to stabilize  
Send measurement in amperes for high transient calibration point  
Turn transient mode off  
LINE 500  
Voltage calibration subroutine  
LINE 550-560  
LINE 570  
Select channel and voltage mode  
Set high calibration point  
LINE 590  
LINE 600  
LINE 610  
Send measurement in volts for high main calibration point  
Send measurement in volts for high readback calibration point  
Set low calibration point  
LINE 630  
LINE 640  
LINE 680  
Send measurement in volts for low main calibration point  
Send measurement in volts for low readback calibration point  
Set low calibration point  
LINE 690-700  
LINE 710-720  
LINE 730  
Select transient toggle mode and GPIB trigger source  
Turn transient mode on and set transient calibration point  
Trigger transient level  
LINE 750  
LINE 760  
Send measurement in volts for transient calibration point  
Turn transient mode off  
LINE 820  
Resistance calibration subroutine  
LINE 870-890  
LINE 900  
Select channel, resistance mode, and range  
Set high calibration point  
LINE 930-940  
LINE 950  
Calculate and send measurement in ohms for high main calibration point  
Set low calibration point  
LINE 980-990  
LINE 1030-1070  
LINE 1080-1090  
LINE 1100  
LINE 1110-1150  
LINE 1160  
LINE 1190-1200  
LINE 1210  
Calculate and send measurement in ohms for low main calibration point  
If middle and high range, set high calibration point; otherwise set low point  
Select transient toggle mode and GPIB trigger source  
Turn transient mode on  
If middle and high range, set lower transient point; otherwise set higher point  
Trigger transient level  
Calculate and send measurement in ohms for transient calibration point  
Turn transient mode off  
Calibration 85  
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A
Considerations For Operating In Constant Resistance  
Mode  
The Agilent Electronic Loads implement Constant Resistance. (CR) mode by using either the CV circuits or CC circuits to  
regulate the input. The low range is regulated with the CV circuits, using the input current monitor as the reference.  
Therefore, resistance is described by the formula  
V
= R  
I
in which input current I is the reference, and voltage at the input terminals, V, is the parameter controlled to determine the  
resistance of the load.  
The middle and high ranges are regulated with the CC circuits, using the input voltage monitor as the reference. Resistance  
is described by the formula  
I
1
=
V
R
in which input voltage V is the reference, and current through the input terminals, I, is the parameter controlled to determine  
the resistance of the load. The reciprocal of resistance, 1/R, is conductance, G. Therefore, the two highest ranges are best  
thought of as constant conductance ranges, with the CC circuit used to control conductance . This affects how the specified  
accuracy offset errors (in siemens or 1/ohms, formerly mhos) relate to programmed values (in ohms).  
Any offset voltages in the op amps that comprise the load’s regulator circuits become errors at the input terminals of the  
load. In both CV and CC modes the offset is constant across the specified operating range, and can be accounted for during  
calibration.  
The effects of offsets on CR mode accuracy are specified as plus-or-minus constant values in milliohms (low range) or  
millisiemens (middle or high ranges), and are less than 1% of full scale. In the two higher ranges of CR mode (the constant  
conductance ranges), the effect on the programmed resistance value is not linear over the resistance range, because  
resistance is the reciprocal of conductance. Also, because  
I
G =  
V
the effect of an offset in current (I) on conductance (G) is greater at low input voltages and less for large input voltages.  
The electronic load designs are optimized for high-current applications. Therefore, the effects of offsets are more  
pronounced at high resistance (very low current) values. This may not represent a problem in typical applications, such as  
those in which the load is used to test a power supply. For example, a 5-volt power supply being tested at 1 amp will  
require a load resistance of 5 ohms, which is equivalent to 0.2 siemens. The worst-case offset of + 0.008 siemens produces  
a resistance of between 4.8 ohms and 5.2 ohms, which represents a 4% error.  
By contrast, a 10,000-ohm load connected to a 60-volt power supply will draw only 6 milliamps. Electronic loads are not  
designed to regulate such small currents.  
Considerations For Operating In Constant Resistance Mode 87  
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If large resistances are required, the accuracy can be improved by reading the voltage and current directly from the load,  
calculating the actual resistance, and then adjusting the programmed value accordingly. This technique is most practical in  
applications requiring a fixed resistive load.  
The following examples illustrate the worst-case error possibilities resulting from op amp offsets. The examples are based  
on a 300-watt unit having 1 ohm, 1 kilohm, and 10 kilohm ranges. These examples do not include the effects of gain errors  
on accuracy (specified in percent).  
Note  
Note that typical performance is far better than the worst-case possibilities shown here.  
Example 1: 1 range (0.033 to 1 )  
The offset error for this range is specified as + 8 milliohms. Therefore, if 1 ohm is programmed, the actual resistance will  
be  
1 + 0.008 = 0.992 to 1.008 .  
Similarly, if 0.033 ohms is programmed, the actual resistance will be  
0.033 Ω ± 0.008 = 0.032 to 0.048 .  
Example 2: 1 krange: (1 to 1 k, or 1 S to 0.001 S)  
Because this range is, in effect, a constant conductance range, offset is specified in siemens (1/ohms). Resistance, however,  
is programmed in ohms. Therefore, to compute the contribution of offset error to programmed value error, the programmed  
value must be reciprocated first. The offset is then applied to the programmed value (in siemens) and the result is once  
again reciprocated.  
Note that 1 ohm equals 1 siemen, and 1 kilohm equals 0.001 siemens. Therefore, the conductance (0.001 siemens) at full  
scale resistance (1 kilohm) is a very small percentage of scale conductance.  
If 1 ohm is programmed, the corresponding conductance value is 1 siemen. The actual resistance will be  
1 S ± 0.008 S = 1.008 S to 0.992 S  
= 0.992 to 1.008 Ω  
If 1 kilohm is programmed, the corresponding conductance value is 0.001 siemens. The actual resistance will be  
0.001 S ± 0.008 S = 0.009 S to -0.007 S  
= 111 to infinite Ω  
(typically 900 to 1100 )  
The load cannot provide negative current corresponding to negative siemens. Therefore, zero current translates to zero  
siemens, which corresponds to infinite ohms. Note also that the resistance can be as low as 111 ohms, which is much  
lower than 1 kilohm. This is because the current offset is large compared to the small current corresponding to 1 kilohm  
(0.001 siemens). For instance, 0.001 siemens corresponds to 6 milliamps at 6 volts input, and the offset specification of  
0.008 siemens corresponds to 48 milliamps at 6 volts input.  
Calculations for the 10 kilohm range are similar.  
88 Considerations For Operating In Constant Resistance Mode  
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INDEX  
A
aliases ..........................................................................................................................................................................21  
ampere-capacity...........................................................................................................................................................46  
annunciators.................................................................................................................................................................52  
application connections ...............................................................................................................................................45  
B
binding posts................................................................................................................................................................42  
C
calibration commands..................................................................................................................................................78  
calibration equipment ..................................................................................................................................................77  
calibration example......................................................................................................................................................79  
CC mode example........................................................................................................................................................72  
change sheets...............................................................................................................................................................37  
checkout.......................................................................................................................................................................38  
computed power ..........................................................................................................................................................55  
computed power value.................................................................................................................................................55  
connector cover ...........................................................................................................................................................43  
constant current (CC) mode.........................................................................................................................................22  
constant resistance (CR) mode...............................................................................................................................24, 89  
constant voltage (CV) mode ........................................................................................................................................25  
continuous transient operation...............................................................................................................................26, 73  
control connector ...................................................................................................................................................34, 43  
cooling fan.............................................................................................................................................................21, 38  
CR mode example........................................................................................................................................................72  
CV mode example .......................................................................................................................................................72  
D
duty cycle.....................................................................................................................................................................62  
E
enter statement.............................................................................................................................................................67  
error codes ...................................................................................................................................................................64  
extended power limit ...................................................................................................................................................35  
extended power operation............................................................................................................................................22  
external programming input...................................................................................................................................34, 44  
external trigger.......................................................................................................................................................28, 45  
F
factory default settings...........................................................................................................................................32, 68  
fan speed......................................................................................................................................................................21  
fault output...................................................................................................................................................................44  
frequency.....................................................................................................................................................................63  
front panel display .................................................................................................................................................51, 54  
function keys.....................................................................................................................................................53-54, 55  
Index 89  
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INDEX (continued)  
G
GPIB address...................................................................................................................................................42, 64, 67  
GPIB connector ...........................................................................................................................................................41  
GPIB device ................................................................................................................................................................67  
GPIB interface.......................................................................................................................................................22, 67  
H
HPSL commands .............................................................................................................................................22, 67, 68  
I
immediate current level ...............................................................................................................................................23  
immediate resistance level...........................................................................................................................................24  
immediate voltage level...............................................................................................................................................25  
input connections.........................................................................................................................................................42  
Input Off......................................................................................................................................................................55  
input on/off ............................................................................................................................................................31, 55  
K
keypad..........................................................................................................................................................................51  
L
LCD display...........................................................................................................................................................51, 52  
line fuses......................................................................................................................................................................39  
line switches.................................................................................................................................................................51  
line voltage ..................................................................................................................................................................38  
local control.................................................................................................................................................................22  
local sense connections................................................................................................................................................45  
M
main level ..............................................................................................................................................................24, 55  
measurement..........................................................................................................................................................30, 69  
measurement overload.................................................................................................................................................69  
metering mode.......................................................................................................................................................51, 55  
minimum transition time..............................................................................................................................................29  
modes of operation ......................................................................................................................................................22  
monitor outputs......................................................................................................................................................34, 44  
N
nominal power limit.....................................................................................................................................................34  
nonvolatile memory.....................................................................................................................................................32  
90 Index  
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INDEX (continued)  
O
output statement...........................................................................................................................................................67  
overcurrent.............................................................................................................................................................33, 55  
overload condition .......................................................................................................................................................55  
overpower..............................................................................................................................................................34, 55  
overtemperature.....................................................................................................................................................34, 55  
overvoltage ............................................................................................................................................................33, 55  
P
parallel connections .....................................................................................................................................................46  
port on/off..............................................................................................................................................................35, 44  
power cord...................................................................................................................................................................37  
power test.....................................................................................................................................................................40  
power-limit curves.......................................................................................................................................................22  
programmable current protection.................................................................................................................................69  
protection features .................................................................................................................................................32, 55  
protection shutdown.....................................................................................................................................................55  
pulse delay...................................................................................................................................................................27  
pulse width...................................................................................................................................................................27  
pulsed transient operation......................................................................................................................................27, 73  
Q
query............................................................................................................................................................................68  
questionable status.......................................................................................................................................................32  
R
rack mounting..............................................................................................................................................................38  
reading remote programming errors ............................................................................................................................32  
rear panel .....................................................................................................................................................................42  
recalling the factory default values..............................................................................................................................64  
remote control..............................................................................................................................................................22  
remote sense connection........................................................................................................................................45, 48  
remote sensing.............................................................................................................................................................34  
remote state..................................................................................................................................................................51  
resetting latched protection..........................................................................................................................................33  
reverse voltage.......................................................................................................................................................34, 55  
S
saving and recalling settings..................................................................................................................................32, 64  
selftest..........................................................................................................................................................................40  
sense switch...........................................................................................................................................................42, 45  
setting CC values.........................................................................................................................................................57  
setting CR values.........................................................................................................................................................59  
setting CV values.........................................................................................................................................................61  
setting the mode of operation.......................................................................................................................................57  
shorting the input.........................................................................................................................................................63  
slew rate.....................................................................................................................................................24, 25, 26, 29  
Index 91  
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INDEX (continued)  
software current limit...................................................................................................................................................33  
status reporting ......................................................................................................................................................32, 55  
system keys............................................................................................................................................................52, 63  
T
toggled transient operation ..........................................................................................................................................29  
transient current level ..................................................................................................................................................23  
transient operation .................................................................................................................................................26, 62  
transient resistance level..............................................................................................................................................25  
transient voltage level..................................................................................................................................................26  
transition time..............................................................................................................................................................29  
trigger connector..........................................................................................................................................................44  
triggered current level..................................................................................................................................................23  
triggered operation.......................................................................................................................................................29  
triggered resistance level .............................................................................................................................................24  
triggered voltage level .................................................................................................................................................26  
V
voltage fault.................................................................................................................................................................55  
W
wake-up settings ..........................................................................................................................................................65  
wire lengths..................................................................................................................................................................47  
Z
zero-volt loading..........................................................................................................................................................46  
92 Index  
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Agilent Sales and Support Offices  
For more information about Agilent Technologies test and measurement products, applications, services, and  
You can also contact one of the following centers and ask for a test and measurement sales representative.  
United States:  
Latin America:  
Agilent Technologies  
Test and Measurement Call Center  
P.O. Box 4026  
Englewood, CO 80155-4026  
(tel) 1 800 452 4844  
Agilent Technologies  
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5200 Blue Lagoon Drive, Suite #950  
Miami, Florida 33126  
U.S.A.  
(tel) (305) 267 4245  
(fax) (305) 267 4286  
Canada:  
Australia/New Zealand:  
Agilent Technologies Canada Inc.  
5150 Spectrum Way  
Mississauga, Ontario  
L4W 5G1  
Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd  
347 Burwood Highway  
Forest Hill, Victoria 3131  
(tel) 1-800 629 485 (Australia)  
(fax) (61 3) 9272 0749  
(tel) 1 877 894 4414  
(tel) 0 800 738 378 (New Zealand)  
(fax) (64 4) 802 6881  
Europe:  
Asia Pacific:  
Agilent Technologies  
Test & Measurement European Marketing Organisation  
P.O. Box 999  
1180 AZ Amstelveen  
The Netherlands  
Agilent Technologies  
24/F, Cityplaza One, 1111 King’s Road,  
Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong  
tel: (852)-3197-7777  
fax: (852)-2506-9284  
(tel) (31 20) 547 9999  
Japan:  
Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd.  
Measurement Assistance Center  
9-1, Takakura-Cho, Hachioji-Shi,  
Tokyo 192-8510, Japan  
(tel) (81) 426 56 7832  
(fax) (81) 426 56 7840  
Technical data is subject to change.  
Agilent Sales and Support Office 93  
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Manual Updates  
The following updates have been made to this manual since the print revision indicated on the title page.  
4/15/00  
All references to HP have been changed to Agilent.  
All references to HP-IB have been changed to GPIB.  
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