Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311
.
3
Contents
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
4
Contents
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
Contents
5
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
6
Contents
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
Contents
7
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
8
Contents
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
Contents
9
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
10 Contents
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
Contents 11
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
12 Contents
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
.
13
New in this release
This technical document provides information about circuit cards for the
CS 1000 Release 5.5. Non-supported circuit cards have been deleted
from the document.
Other
Revision History
June 2008
Standard 01.04. This document has been up-issued to include information in
February 2008
December 2007
June 2007
Standard 01.03. This document has been up-issued to reflect changes in
technical content for CR Q01396373-01.
Standard 02.05. This document has been up-issued to support
Communication Server Release 5.5.
Standard 01.02. This document has been up-issued to reflect changes in
technical content for CoreNet shelf supporting CP PII and CP PIV function.
May 2007
Standard 01.01. This document is up-issued to support Nortel
Communication Server 1000 Release 5.0. This document contains
information previously contained in the following legacy document, now
retired, Circuit Card (553-3001-211).
August 2005
Standard 3.00. This document is up-issued to support Nortel Communication
Server 1000 Release 4.5.
September 2004
October 2003
Standard 2.00. This document is up-issued for Nortel Communication Server
1000 Release 4.0.
Standard 1.00. This is a new technical document for Succession 3.0. It
was created to support a restructuring of the Documentation Library, which
resulted in the merging of multiple legacy technical documents. This new
document consolidates information previously contained in the following
legacy documents, now retired:
•
•
•
•
Line Cards: Description (553-3001-105)
Trunk Cards: Description (553-3001-106)
Serial Data Interface Cards: Description (553-3001-107)
NT7D16 Data Access Card: Description and operation (553-3001-191)
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard
Release 5.0 23 May 2008
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
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14 New in this release
•
•
•
Multi-purpose Serial Data Link: Description (553-3001-195)
Circuit Cards: Installation and Testing (553-3001-211)
Option 11C and 11C mini Technical Reference Guide (553-3011-100)
(Content from Option 11C and 11C mini Technical Reference
Guide (553-3011-100) also appears in Telephones and Consoles
Fundamentals (NN43001-567)
•
Circuit Card Reference (553-3023-211)
New circuit cards for CS 1000 Release 5
CS 1000 5.5 introduces the following new circuit cards:
•
NTDW60 Media Gateway Controller Card The NTDW60 Media
Gateway Controller (MGC) card provides a gateway controller for
MG 1000E IP Media Gateways in a CS 1000E system. The MGC
only functions as a gateway controller under control of a CS 1000E
•
NTDW61 and NTDW66 Common Processor Pentium Mobile Call
Server Card The NTDW61 Common Processor Pentium Mobile (CP
PM) card delivers Call Server functionality, stores system and customer
data and provides various 10/100/1000 BaseT Ethernet interfaces.
Gateway functionality and shelf container functionality are delivered
by the Media Gateway Controller (MGC) card and its Digital Signal
Processor (DSP) daughterboard. For further information, see "NTDW61
•
•
NTDW62 and NTDW64 Media Gateway Controller Daughterboards
The NTDW60 Media Gateway Controller (MGC) card has two PCI
Telephony Mezzanine Card (PMTC) form factor expansion sites. Place
daughterboards (DB) in the expansion sites to provide Digital Signal
Processor (DSP) resources for connecting IP and TDM devices. For
further information, see "NTDW62 and NTDW64 Media Gateway
NTDW65 Voice Gateway Media Card The NTDW65 Voice Gateway
Media Card provides 32 IP-TDM gateway ports between an IP device
and a TDM device in a CS1000 network. The Voice Gateway Media card
comes in an IPE form factor. The card can be used in the MG 1000E,
MG 1000B, CS 1000E, and CS 1000M systems. For more information
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Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks
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15
How to get help
This chapter explains how to get help for Nortel products and services.
Getting help from the Nortel web site
The best way to get technical support for Nortel products is from the Nortel
Technical Support web site:
This site provides quick access to software, documentation, bulletins, and
tools to address issues with Nortel products. From this site, you can:
•
•
download software, documentation, and product bulletins
search the Technical Support Web site and the Nortel Knowledge Base
for answers to technical issues
•
•
sign up for automatic notification of new software and documentation
for Nortel equipment
open and manage technical support cases
Getting help over the telephone from a Nortel Solutions Center
If you do not find the information you require on the Nortel Technical Support
web site, and you have a Nortel support contract, you can also get help over
the telephone from a Nortel Solutions Center.
In North America, call 1-800-4NORTEL (1-800-466-7835).
Outside North America, go to the following web site to obtain the telephone
number for your region:www.nortel.com/callus
Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code
To access some Nortel Technical Solutions Centers, you can use an
Express Routing Code (ERC) to quickly route your call to a specialist in your
Nortel product or service. To locate the ERC for your product or service, go
Nortel Communication Server 1000
Circuit Card Reference
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16 How to get help
Getting help through a Nortel distributor or reseller
If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel product from a distributor
or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor
or reseller.
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18 Overview
Line cards
The following line cards are designed using the Intelligent Peripheral
Equipment (IPE) architecture and are recommended for use in all new
system designs.
"Line card characteristics" (page 18) lists the line card characteristics.
Table 1
Line card characteristics
Supervised
Analog
Lines
Part
Number
Line
Type
Message
Waiting
Description
Lines
Architecture
8
NT1R20
Off-premise
station analog
line card
Analog Interrupted dial Yes
tone
IPE
24
30
16
NT5D11
Lineside T1
Interface card
T1
None
None
Yes
Yes
No
IPE
IPE
IPE
NT5D33/3 Lineside E1
4
E1
Interface card
NT8D02
Digital Line
card (16
voice/16 data)
Digital
Message
waiting signal
forwarded to
digital phone
for display
16
NT8D09
Analog
Analog Lamp
No
IPE
Message
Waiting Line
card
NT1R20 Off-Premise Station Analog Line card
The NT1R20 Off-Premise Station (OPS) Analog Line card is an intelligent
eight-channel analog line card designed to be used with 2-wire analog
terminal equipment such as analog (500/2500-type) telephones and analog
modems. Each line has integral hazardous and surge voltage protection
to protect the system from damage due to lightning strikes and accidental
power line connections. This card is normally used whenever the phone
lines leave the building in which the switch is installed. The OPS line card
supports message waiting notification by interrupting the dial tone when
the receiver is first picked up. It also provides battery reversal answer and
disconnect analog line supervision and hook flash disconnect analog line
supervision features.
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Line cards 19
NT5D11 and NT5D14 Lineside T1 interface card
The NT5D11/14 Lineside T1 Interface card is an intelligent 24-channel
digital line card that is used to connect the switch to T1-compatible terminal
equipment on the lineside. The T1-compatible terminal equipment includes
voice mail systems, channel banks containing FXS cards, and key systems
such as the Nortel Norstar. The Lineside T1 card differs from trunk T1
cards in that it supports terminal equipment features such as hook-flash,
transfer, hold, and conference. It emulates an analog line card to the system
software.
NT5D33 and NT5D34 Lineside E1 Interface card
The NT5D33/34 Lineside E1 Interface card is an intelligent 30-channel
digital line card that is used to connect the switch to E1-compatible terminal
equipment on the lineside. The E1-compatible terminal equipment includes
voice mail systems. The lineside E1 card emulates an analog line card to
the system software.
NT8D02 Digital Line card
The NT8D02 Digital Line card is an intelligent 16-channel digital line card
that provides voice and data communication links between a CS 1000E, CS
1000M, and Meridian 1 switch and modular digital telephones. Each of the
16 channels support voice-only or simultaneous voice and data service over
a single twisted pair of standard telephone wire.
NT8D09 analog message waiting line card
The NT8D09 Analog Message Waiting Line card is an intelligent 16-channel
analog line card designed to be used with 2-wire terminal equipment such
as analog (500/2500-type) telephones, modems, and key systems. This
card can also provide a high-voltage, low-current signal on the Tip and Ring
pair of each line to light the message waiting lamp on phones equipped
with that feature.
Installation
This section provides a high-level description of how to install and test line
cards.
IPE line cards can be installed in any slot of the NT8D37 IPE module.
module.
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20 Overview
Figure 1
IPE line cards shown installed in an NT8D37 IPE module
When installing line cards, follow these general procedures:
Step Action
1
Configure the jumpers and switches on the line card (if any) to meet
system needs.
2
3
Install the line card into the selected slot.
Install the cable that connects the backplane connector on the IPE
module to the module I/O panel.
4
5
6
Connect a 25-pair cable from the module I/O panel connector to the
Main Distribution Frame (MDF).
Connect the line card output to the selected terminal equipment
at the MDF.
Configure the individual line interface unit using the Analog
(500/2500-type) Telephone Administration program LD 10 for analog
line interface units and Multi-line Telephone Administration program
LD 11 for digital line interface units.
—End—
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Line cards 21
Once these steps are complete, the terminal equipment is ready for use.
Operation
This section describes how line cards fit into the CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and
Meridian 1 architecture, the busses that carry signals to and from the line
cards, and how they connect to terminal equipment. These differences are
Host interface bus
Cards based on the IPE bus use a built-in microcontroller. The IPE
microcontroller is used to do the following:
•
•
•
perform local diagnostics (self-test)
configure the card according to instructions issued by the system
report back to the system information such as card identification
(type, vintage, and serial number), firmware version, and programmed
configuration status)
Table 2
IPE module architecture
Parameter
IPE
Card Dimensions
31.75 x 25.4 x 2.2 cm (12.5 x10.0 x 0.875
in.).
Network Interface
Communication Interface
Microcontroller
DS-30X Loops
card LAN Link
8031/8051 Family
Peripheral Interface card
Network Interface card
Modules
NT8D01 Controller card
NT8D04 Superloop Network card
NT8D37 IPE module
Intelligent Peripheral Equipment
line card architecture" (page 23) shows a typical IPE line card architecture.
The various line cards differ only in the number and types of line interface
units.
The switch communicates with IPE modules over two separate interfaces.
Voice and signaling data are sent and received over DS-30X loops, and
maintenance data is sent over a separate asynchronous communication
link called the card LAN link.
Signaling data is information directly related to the operation of the
telephone line. Some examples of signaling commands include:
•
off-hook/on-hook
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22 Overview
•
•
ringing signal on/off
message waiting lamp on/off
Maintenance data is data relating to the configuration and operation of
the IPE card, and is carried on the card LAN link. Some examples of
maintenance data include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
polling
reporting of self-test status
CP initiated card reset
reporting of card ID (card type and hardware vintage)
reporting of firmware version
downloading line interface unit parameters
reporting of line interface unit configuration
enabling/disabling of the DS-30X network loop bus
reporting of card status or T1 link status
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Line cards 23
Figure 2
Typical IPE analog line card architecture
DS-30X loops The line interfaces provided by the line cards connect to
conventional 2-wire (tip and ring) line facilities. IPE analog line cards convert
the incoming analog voice and signaling information to digital form and
route it to the Call Server over DS-30X network loops. Conversely, digital
voice and signaling information from the Call Server is sent over DS-30X
network loops to the analog line cards where it is converted to analog form
and applied to the line facility.
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24 Overview
IPE digital line cards receive the data from the digital phone terminal
as 512 kHz Time Compressed Multiplexed (TCM) data. The digital line
card converts that data to a format compatible with the DS-30X loop and
transmits it in the next available timeslot. When a word is received from
the DS-30X loop, the digital line card converts it to the TCM format and
transmits it to the digital phone terminal over the digital line facility.
A separate dedicated DS-30X network loop is extended between each IPE
line/trunk card and the controller cards within an IPE module. A DS-30X
network loop is composed of two synchronous serial data buses. One bus
transports in the Transmit (Tx) direction towards the line facility and the
other in the Receive (Rx) direction towards the CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and
Meridian 1.
Each bus has 32 channels for Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) voice data.
Each channel consists of a 10-bit word. See Figure 3 "DS-30X loop data
format" (page 25). Eight of the 10 bits are for PCM data, one bit is the call
signaling bit, and the last bit is a data valid bit. The eight-bit PCM portion of
a channel is called a timeslot. The DS-30X loop is clocked at 2.56 Mbps
(one-half the 5.12 MHz clock frequency supplied by the controller card).
The timeslot repetition rate for a single channel is 8 kHz. The controller
card also supplies a locally generated 1 kHz frame sync signal for channel
synchronization.
Signaling data is transmitted to and from the line cards using the call
signaling bit within the 10-bit channel. When the line card detects a
condition that the switch needs to know about, it creates a 24-bit signaling
word. This word is shifted out on the signaling bit for the associated channel
one bit at a time during 24 successive DS-30X frames. Conversely, when
the switch sends signaling data to the line card, it is sent as a 24-bit word
divided among 24 successive DS-30X frames.
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Line cards 25
Figure 3
DS-30X loop data format
DS-30Y network loops extend between controller cards and superloop
network cards in the Common Equipment (CE). They function in a manner
A DS-30Y loop carries the PCM timeslot traffic of a DS-30X loop. Four
DS-30Y network loops form a superloop with a capacity of 128 channels
(120 usable timeslots). See Communication Server 1000M and Meridian
1 Large System Planning and Engineering (NN43021-220) for more
information on superloops.
Card LAN link Maintenance communication is the exchange of control
and status data between IPE line or trunk cards and the Call Server by way
of the NT8D01 Controller card. Maintenance data is transported through
the card LAN link. This link is composed of two asynchronous serial buses
architecture" (page 23)). The output bus is used by the system controller for
output of control data to the line card. The input bus is used by the system
controller for input of line card status data.
A card LAN link bus is common to all of the line/trunk card slots within an
IPE module. This bus is arranged in a master/slave configuration where the
controller card is the master and all other cards are slaves. The module
backplane provides each line/trunk card slot with a unique hardwired slot
address. This slot address enables a slave card to respond when addressed
by the controller card. The controller card communicates with only one
slave at a time.
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26 Overview
In normal operation, the controller card continually scans (polls) all of the
slave cards connected to the card LAN to monitor their presence and
operational status. The slave card sends replies to the controller on the
input bus along with its card slot address for identification. In its reply, the
slave informs the controller if any change in card status has taken place.
The controller can then prompt the slave for specific information. Slaves
only respond when prompted by the controller; they do not initiate exchange
of control or status data on their own.
When an IPE line card is first plugged into the backplane, it runs a self-test.
When the self-test is completed, a properly functioning card responds to
the next controller card poll with the self-test status. The controller then
queries for card identification and other status information. The controller
then downloads all applicable configuration data to the line card, initializes
it, and puts it into an operational mode.
Analog line interface units
Once the 8-bit digital voice signal has been received by the analog line card,
it must be converted back into an analog signal, filtered, converted from a
4-wire transmission path to a 2-wire transmission path, and driven onto
the analog telephone line.
a typical example of the logic that performs these functions. Each part of
the analog line interface unit is discussed in the following section.
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Line cards 27
Figure 4
Typical analog line interface unit block diagram
Coder/Decoder circuit
The Coder/Decoder (CODEC) performs Analog to Digital (A/D) and Digital
to Analog (D/A) conversion of the line analog voiceband signal to and from
a digital PCM signal. This signal can be coded and decoded using either
the A-Law or the µ-Law companding algorithm.
On some analog line cards, the decoding algorithm depends of the type of
CODEC installed when the board is built. On others, it is an option selected
using a software overlay.
Variable gain filters
Audio signals received from the analog phone line are passed through a
low-pass A/D monolithic filter that limits the frequency spread of the input
signal to a nominal 200 to 3400 Hz bandwidth. The audio signal is then
applied to the input of the CODEC. Audio signals coming from the CODEC
are passed through a low-pass A/D monolithic filter that integrates the
amplitude modulated pulses coming from the CODEC, and then filters and
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28 Overview
amplifies the result. On some of the line cards, the gain of these filters can
be programmed by the system controller. This allows the system to make
up for line losses according to the loss plan.
Balancing network
Depending on the card type, the balancing network provides a 600 3/4, 900
3
/
4, 3COM or 3CM2 impedance matching network. It also converts the 2-wire
transmission path (tip and ring) to a 4-wire transmission path (Rx/ground
and Tx/ground). The balancing network is usually a transformer/analog
(hybrid) circuit combination, but can also be a monolithic Subscriber Line
Interface Circuit (SLIC) on the newer line cards.
Line interface and foreign voltage protection
The line interface unit connects the balancing network to the telephone
tip and ring pairs. The off-premise line card (NT1R20) has circuitry that
protects the line card from foreign voltage surges caused by accidental
power line connections and lightning surges. This protection is necessary if
the telephone line leaves the building where the switch is installed.
The line interface unit has a relay that applies the ringing voltage onto the
power supply is used to prevent switching of the relay during the current
peak. This eliminates switching glitches and extends the life of the switching
relay.
The off-hook detection circuit monitors the current draw on the phone line.
When the current draw exceeds a preset value, the circuit generates an
off-hook signal that is transmitted back to the system controller.
The message waiting circuit on message waiting line cards monitors the
status of the message waiting signal and applies –150 V dc power to the
tip lead when activated. This voltage is used to light the message waiting
lamps on phones that are equipped with that feature. The high voltage
supply is automatically disconnected when the phone goes off-hook. Newer
line cards can sense when the message waiting lamp is not working and
can report that information back to the system controller.
Digital line interface units
The NT8D02 Digital Line card provides voice and data communication
links between a switch and modular digital telephones. These lines
carry multiplexed PCM voice, data and signaling information as Time
Compression Multiplexed (TCM) loops. Each TCM loop can be connected
to a Nortel "Meridian Modular Digital" telephone.
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Line cards 29
The digital line interface card contains one or more digital line interface units.
digital line interface unit contains a Digital Line Interface Circuit (DLIC). The
purpose of each DLIC is to demultiplex data from the DS-30X Tx channel
into integrated voice and data bitstreams and transmit those bitstreams
as Bi-Polar Return to Zero, Alternate Mark Inversion (BPRZ-AMI) data to
the TCM loop. It also does the opposite: receives BPRZ-AMI bitstreams
from the TCM loop and multiplexes the integrated voice and data bitstream
onto the DS-30X Rx channel.
The 4-wire to 2-wire conversion circuit converts the 2-wire tip and ring leads
into a 4-wire (Tx and ground and RX and ground) signal that is compatible
with the digital line interface circuit.
TCM loop interfaces
Each digital phone line terminates on the digital line card at a TCM loop
interface circuit. The circuit provides transformer coupling and foreign
voltage protection between the TCM loop and the digital line interface
circuit. It also provides power for the digital telephone.
Figure 5
Digital line interface unit block diagram
To prevent undesirable side effects from occurring when the TCM loop
interface cannot provide the proper signals on the digital phone line, the
system controller can remove the ±15 V dc power supply from the TCM loop
interface. This happens when either the card gets a command from the
NT8D01 Controller card to shut down the channel, or when the digital line
card detects a loss of the 1 KHz frame synchronization signal.
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30 Overview
Each TCM loop interface circuit can service loops up to 3500 ft. in length
when using 24 gauge wire. The circuit allows for a maximum ac signal loss
of 15.5 dB at 256 KHz and a maximum DC loop resistance of 210 ohms.
Signaling
The digital line interface units also contain signaling and control circuits
that establish, monitor, and take down call connections. These circuits
work with the system controller to operate the digital line interface circuits
during calls. The circuits receive outgoing call signaling messages from the
controller and return incoming call status information to the controller over
the DS-30X network loop.
Analog line call operation
The applications, features, and signalling arrangements for each line
interface unit are configured in software and implemented on the card
through software download messages. When an analog line interface unit is
idle, it provides a voltage near ground on the tip lead and a voltage near
–48 V dc on the ring lead to the near-end station. (The near-end station is
the telephone or device that is connected to the analog line card by the tip
and ring leads.) An on-hook telephone presents a high impedance toward
the line interface unit on the card.
Incoming calls
Incoming calls to a telephone that is connected to an analog line card can
originate either from stations that are local (served by the PBX), or remote
(served through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)). The
alerting signal to a telephone is 20 Hz (nominal) ringing. When an incoming
call is answered by the near-end station going off-hook, a low-resistance dc
loop is placed across the tip and ring leads (towards the analog line card)
and ringing is tripped. See Figure 6 "Call connection sequence - near-end
Outgoing calls
For outgoing calls from the near-end station, a line interface unit is seized
when the station goes off-hook, placing a low-resistance loop across the tip
and ring leads towards the analog line card. See Figure 7 "Call connection
the low-resistance loop, it prepares to receive digits. When the system is
ready to receive digits, it returns dial tone. Outward address signaling is
then applied from the near-end station in the form of loop (interrupting)
dial pulses or DTMF tones.
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Line cards 33
Message waiting
Line cards that are equipped with the message waiting feature receive
notification that a message is waiting across the Card LAN link (IPE
cards). On cards that drive a message waiting light, the light is turned on
by connecting the ring side of the telephone line to the –150 V dc power
supply. When the line card senses that the telephone has gone off-hook,
it removes the –150 V dc voltage until the telephone goes back on-hook.
Line cards that use an interrupted dial tone to indicate message waiting do
nothing until the receiver is picked up. The line card then interrupts the dial
tone at a regular interval to indicate that a message is waiting.
In both cases, the message waiting indication continues until the user
checks his or her messages. At that time, the system cancels the message
waiting indication by sending another message across the Card LAN link
or network loop.
Analog line supervision
Analog line supervision features are used to extend the answer supervision
and disconnect supervision signals when the line card is connected to an
intelligent terminal device (Key system or intelligent pay phone). Two types
of analog line supervision are provided:
•
•
battery reversal answer and disconnect supervision
hook flash disconnect supervision
Battery reversal answer and disconnect supervision Battery reversal
answer and disconnect supervision is only used for calls that originate from
the terminal device. It provides both far-end answer supervision and far-end
disconnect supervision signals to the terminal device. In an intelligent
pay phone application, these signals provide the information necessary
to accurately compute toll charges.
In the idle state, and during dialing and ringing at the far end, the line card
provides a ground signal on the tip lead and battery on the ring lead. See
(page 35). When the far-end answers, these polarities are reversed. The
reversed battery connection is maintained as long as the call is established.
When the far-end disconnects, the system sends a message that causes
the line card to revert the battery and ground signals to the normal state
to signal that the call is complete.
Hook Flash disconnect supervision Hook flash disconnect supervision
is only used for incoming calls that terminate at the terminal device (typically
a Key system). See Figure 9 "Hook flash disconnect supervision sequence"
(page 36). The disconnect signal is indicated by the removal of the ground
connection to the tip lead for a specific length of time. The length of time
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34 Overview
is programmed in LD10, and ranges from a minimum of 10 milliseconds to
a maximum of 2.55 seconds. See Software Input/Output Reference —
Administration (NN43001-611) for more information.
Digital line call operation
Digital line call operation is controlled entirely by use of messages between
the digital telephone and the system. These messages are carried across
the TCM loop interface. There is no call connection sequence similar to the
one used for analog telephone line operation.
Lineside T1 and E1 call operation
The lineside T1/E1 card’s call operation is performed differently depending
on whether the T1/E1 link is configured to process calls in loop start mode or
ground start mode. Configuration is performed through dip switch settings
on the lineside T1/E1 card.
The lineside T1/E1 card performs calls processing separately on each of its
24 channels. Signaling is performed using the "A/B robbed bit" signaling
standard for T1/E1 communication.
A/B robbed bit signaling simulates standard analog signaling by sending a
meaningful combination of ones and zeros across the line that correlates to
the electrical impulses that standard analog signaling sends. For example,
to represent that an analog line interface unit is idle, the analog line card
provides a ground on the tip lead and –48Vdc on the ring lead. The
lineside T1/E1 card accomplishes the same result by sending its A bit as 0
(translated as ground on the tip lead) and its B bit as 1 (translated as –48V
dc on the ring lead). However, measuring the voltage of the ring lead on the
T1/E1 line would not return –48V dc, since actual electrical impulses are
not being sent.
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Figure 9
Hook flash disconnect supervision sequence
Call operation is described by categorizing the operation into the following
main states:
•
Idle (on-hook)
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Line cards 37
•
•
•
•
Incoming calls
Outgoing calls
Calls disconnected by the CO
Calls disconnected by the telephone
Loop Start Mode
In Loop Start mode, the A and B bits meaning is:
•
•
Transmit from LTI:A bit = 0 (tip ground on); B bit = Ringing (0=on, 1=off)
Receive to LTI: A bit = Loop (0=open, 1=closed); B bit = 1 (no ring
ground)
When a T1 channel is idle, the Lineside T1 card simulates a ground on the
tip lead and –48Vdc on the ring lead to the terminal equipment by setting its
transmit A bit to 0 and transmit B bit to 1. Accordingly, an on-hook channel
on the terminal equipment simulates an open loop toward the Lineside T1
card, causing the Lineside T1 card’s receive bits to be set to A = 0 and
receive B = 1.
Incoming calls Incoming calls to terminal equipment attached to the
Lineside T1 card can originate either from stations that are local (served
by the PBX), or remote (served through the PSTN). To provide the ringing
signal to a telephone the Lineside T1 card simulates an additional 90V on
the ring lead to the terminal equipment by alternating the transmit B bit
between 0 and 1 (0 during ring on, 1 during ring off). When an incoming
call is answered by the terminal equipment going off-hook, the terminal
equipment simulates tripping the ringing and shutting off ringing, causing
the Lineside T1 card’s receive A bit to be changed from 0 to 1.
Outgoing calls During outgoing calls from the terminal equipment,
a channel is seized when the station goes off-hook. This simulates a
low-resistance loop across the tip and ring leads toward the Lineside T1
card, causing the lineside T1’s receive A bit to be changed from 0 to 1. This
bit change prepares the Lineside T1 to receive digits. Outward address
signaling is then applied from the terminal equipment in the form of DTMF
tones or loop (interrupting) dial pulses that are signaled by the receive A
bit pulsing between 1 and 0.
Call disconnect from far end PSTN, private network or local
Station When a call is in process, the central office may disconnect the
call from the CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and Meridian 1. If the Lineside T1
port has been configured with the supervised analog line (SAL) feature,
the Lineside T1 card responds to the distant end disconnect message by
momentarily changing its transmit A bit to 1 and then returning it to 0. The
duration of time that the transmit A bit remains at 1 before returning to 0
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depends upon the setting that was configured using the SAL. If the terminal
equipment is capable of detecting distant end disconnect, it responds by
changing the Lineside T1 card’s receive A bit to 0 (open loop).The call is
now terminated and the interface is in the idle (on-hook) state.
For the Lineside T1 card to support distant end disconnect in loop start
mode, the following configuration parameters must exist:
•
The Supervised Analog Line (SAL) feature must be configured for each
Lineside T1 port.
Note: By default, the SAL feature opens the tip side for 750 m/s in
loop start operation. This is configurable in 10 m/s increments.
•
•
For outgoing trunk calls, the trunk facility must provide far end disconnect
supervision.
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating on the
Lineside T1 card, the battery reversal feature within the SAL software
must be enabled. Enabling the battery reversal feature does not provide
battery reversal indication but only provides a momentary interruption of
the tip ground by asserting the A bit to 1 for the specified duration.
•
•
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls terminating on the
Lineside T1 card, the hook flash feature within the SAL software must
be enabled.
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating and
terminating on the Lineside T1 card, both the battery reversal and hook
flash features must be enabled within the SAL software.
Call disconnect from Lineside T1 terminal equipment Alternatively,
while a call is in process, the terminal equipment may disconnect by going
on-hook. The terminal equipment detects no loop current and sends
signaling to the Lineside T1 card that causes its receive A bit to change
from 1 to 0. The call is now released.
lineside T1’s A and B bit settings in each state of call processing.
Table 3
Loop Start Call Processing A/B Bit Settings
Transmit
Receive
State
A
B
A
B
Idle
0
1
0
1
Incoming Calls:
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Transmit
Receive
State
A
0
0
0
0
B
1
A
0
0
1
1
B
1
1
1
1
•
•
•
•
Idle
Ringing is applied from Lineside T1 card
Terminal equipment goes off-hook
Lineside T1 card stops ringing
1/0
1/0
1
Outgoing Calls:
•
•
Idle
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
Terminal equipment goes off-hook
Call Disconnect from far end:
•
•
Steady state (call in progress)
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Far end disconnects by dropping loop current and Lineside T1
card changes Transmit A bit to 1 momentarily.
•
•
Terminal equipment responds causing Receive A bit to change
to 0.
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Lineside T1 responds by changing its Transmit A bit to 0. Call is
terminated and set to idle state.
Call disconnect from terminal equipment:
•
•
Steady state (call in progress)
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
Terminal equipment goes on-hook causing the Receive A bit to
change to 0. Call is terminated and set to idle state.
Ground Start Mode
In Ground Start mode, the A and B bits meaning is:
•
•
Transmit from LTI:A bit = Tip ground (0=grounded, 1=not grounded); B
bit = Ringing (0=on, 1=off)
Receive to LTI: A bit = Loop (0=open, 1=closed); B bit = Ring ground
(0=grounded, 1=not grounded)
When a T1 channel is idle, the Lineside T1 card simulates a ground on the
tip lead and -48V dc on the ring lead to the terminal equipment by setting
the transmit A bit to 1 and transmit B bit to 1. Accordingly, an on-hook
telephone simulates an open loop toward the Lineside T1 card, causing the
Lineside T1 card’s receive bits to be set to A = 0 and B = 1.
Incoming Calls Incoming calls to terminal equipment that is connected to
the Lineside T1 card can originate either from stations that are local (served
by the PBX), or remote (served through the public switched telephone
network). To provide the ringing signal to the terminal equipment the
Lineside T1 card simulates the 90V ring signal on the ring lead by alternating
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the transmit B bit between 0 and 1 (0 during ring on, 1 during ring off), and
ground on the tip lead by setting the transmit A bit to 0. When an incoming
call is answered (by the terminal equipment going off-hook), the terminal
equipment simulates tripping the ringing and shutting off ringing by causing
the lineside T1’s receive A bit to change from 0 to 1. The Lineside T1
card responds to this message by simulating loop closure by holding the
transmit B bit constant at 1.
Outgoing Calls During outgoing calls from the terminal equipment, a
channel is seized when the terminal equipment goes off-hook, simulating a
ground to the ring lead toward the Lineside T1 card by causing the lineside
T1’s receive B bit to change from 1 to 0. In turn, the Lineside T1 card
simulates grounding its tip lead by changing the transmit A bit to 0. The
terminal equipment responds to this message by removing the ring ground
(lineside T1’s receive B bit is changed to 1) and simulating open loop at the
terminal equipment (lineside T1’s receive A bit is changed to 0).
Call disconnect from far end PSTN, private network or local
station While a call is in process, the far end might disconnect the call.
If the Lineside T1 port has been configured with the Supervised Analog
Line (SAL) feature, the Lineside T1 responds to the distant end disconnect
message by opening tip ground. This causes the Lineside T1 card to
change the transmit A bit to 1. When the terminal equipment sees the
transmit A bit go to 1, it responds by simulating open loop causing the
lineside T1’s receive A bit to change to 0. The call is terminated and the
interface is once again in the idle condition.
For the Lineside T1 card to support distant end disconnect in ground start
mode, the following configuration parameters must exist:
•
The Supervised Analog Line (SAL) feature must be configured for each
Lineside T1 port.
Note: By default, the SAL feature opens the tip side for 750 m/s in
loop start operation. This is configurable in 10 m/s increments.
•
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating on the
Lineside T1 card, the "battery reversal" feature within the SAL software
must be enabled. Enabling the battery reversal feature does not provide
battery reversal indication when a call is answered; it only provides
battery reversal indication when a call is disconnected.
•
•
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls terminating on the
Lineside T1 card, the "hook flash" feature within the SAL software must
be enabled.
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating and
terminating on the Lineside T1 card, both the "battery reversal" and
"hook flash" features within the SAL software must be enabled.
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Call disconnect from Lineside T1 terminal equipment Alternatively,
while a call is in process, the terminal equipment may disconnect by going
on-hook, causing the lineside T1’s receive A bit to change to 0. The Lineside
T1 card responds to this message by simulating the removal of ground from
the tip by changing its transmit A bit to 1. The call is now terminated and
the interface is once again in the idle condition.
the lineside T1’s A and B bit settings in each state of call processing.
Table 4
Ground Start Call Processing A/B Bit Settings
Transmit
Receive
State
A
B
A
B
1
1
0
1
Idle
Incoming Calls (to terminal equipment):
•
•
Idle
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
Ringing is applied from Lineside T1 card by simulating ground on
tip lead and ringing on ring lead.
0/1
•
Terminal equipment goes off-hook by simulating ground on tip
lead and ringing on ring lead.
0
1
1
0/1
Outgoing Calls (from terminal equipment):
•
•
•
•
Idle
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
Terminal equipment goes off-hook.
The Lineside T1 simulates grounding its tip lead
Terminal equipment opens ring ground and closes loop
Call Disconnect from far end:
•
•
•
Steady state (call in progress)
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
The Lineside T1 ungrounds tip
Terminal equipment opens loop current
Call disconnect from terminal equipment:
•
•
•
Steady state (call in progress)
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
Terminal equipment goes open loop current
Lineside T1 card opens tip ground
Ground Start Restrictions
If the Lineside T1 card is used in ground start mode, certain restrictions
should be considered. Because the system treats the Lineside T1 card as
a standard loop start analog line card, the ground start operation of the
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Lineside T1 card has operational limitations compared to typical ground
start interface equipment relating to start of dialing, distant end disconnect
and glare potential.
Distant end disconnect restrictions If the SAL feature is not available
in the CS 1000 software, the Lineside T1 card is not capable of indicating
to the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) when a call is terminated by
the distant end. In this case, the Lineside T1 card continues to provide
a grounded tip indication (A=0) to the CPE until it detects an open loop
indication (A=0) from the CPE, at which time it provides an open tip
indication (A=1). Therefore, without SAL software, the Lineside T1 card is
not capable of initiating the termination of a call to the CPE.
With the SAL software configured for each Lineside T1 line, the Lineside
T1 card provides an open tip indication to the CPE when it receives an
indication of supervised analog line from the system. This provides normal
ground start protocol call termination.
Glare restrictions In telephone lines or trunks, glare occurs when a call
origination attempt results in the answering of a terminating call that is being
presented by the far end simultaneously with the call origination attempt
by the near end.
The Lineside T1 detects presentation of a terminating call (outgoing to
Lineside T1 terminal equipment) by detecting ringing voltage. If application
of the ringing voltage is delayed due to traffic volume and ringing generator
capacity overload, the Lineside T1 ground start operation cannot connect
the tip side to ground to indicate the line has been seized by the system.
In ground start mode, glare conditions need to be considered if both
incoming and outgoing calls to the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) are
going to be encountered. If the system and the CPE simultaneously attempt
to use a Lineside T1 line, the system completes the call termination. It
does not back down and allow the CPE to complete the call origination,
as in normal ground start operation.
If both incoming and outgoing calls are to be handled through the Lineside
T1 interface, separate channels should be configured in the system and
the CPE for each call direction. This eliminates the possibility of glare
conditions on call origination.
Voice frequency audio level
The digital pad for Lineside T1 card audio level is fixed for all types of
call connection (0 dB insertion loss in both directions), and differs from
the analog line. Audio level adjustments, if required, must be made in the
Lineside T1 terminal equipment.
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Line cards 43
Off-premise line protection
Off-premise applications are installations where the telephone lines are
extended outside the building where the PBX system is housed, but the lines
are not connected to public access facilities. This application is commonly
referred to as a "campus installation."
In off-premise applications, special protection devices and grounding are
required to protect PBX and telephone components from any abnormal
conditions, such as lightning strikes and power line crosses.
The NT1R20 Off-Premise Station Line card has built-in protection against
lightning strikes and power line crosses. These should be the preferred
cards for an off-premise application. Other cards can be used when external
line protectors are installed.
When using the Lineside T1 card for an off-premise or network application,
external line protectors must be installed. Install an isolated type Channel
Service Unit (CSU) as part of the terminal equipment, to provide the
necessary isolation and outside line protection. The CSU should be an
FCC part 68 or CSA certified unit.
Line protectors
Line protectors are voltage-absorbing devices that are installed at the
cross-connect terminals at both the main building and the remote building.
The use of line protectors ensure that system and telephone components
are not damaged from accidental voltages that are within the limit of the
capacity of the protection device. Absolute protection from lightning strikes
and other stray voltages cannot be guaranteed, but the use of line protection
devices significantly reduces the possibility of damage.
Nortel has tested line protection devices from three manufacturers. See
manufacturer offers devices for protection of digital as well as analog
telephone lines.
Table 5
Line protection device ordering information
Device order code
Analog Line
Digital Line
Manufacturer
UP2S-235
UP2S-75
ITW Linx Communication
201 Scott Street
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007
(708) 952-8844 or (800) 336-5469
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Device order code
Analog Line Digital Line
Manufacturer
6AP
6DP
Oneac Corporation
27944 North Bradley Road
Libertyville, IL 60048-9700
(800) 553-7166 or (800) 327-8801 x555
ESP-200
ESP-050
EDCO Inc. of Florida
1805 N.E. 19th Avenue
P.O. Box 1778
Ocala, FL 34478
(904) 732-3029 or (800) 648-4076
These devices are compatible with 66 type M1-50 split blocks or equivalent.
Consult the device manufacturer if more specific compatibility information
is required.
Line protection grounding
In conjunction with line protectors, proper system (PBX) grounding is
essential to minimize equipment damage. Nortel recommends following the
grounding connection requirements as described in Communication Server
1000M and Meridian 1 Large System Installation and Commissioning. This
requirement includes connecting the ground for the protection devices to
the approved building earth ground reference. Any variances to these
grounding requirements could limit the functionality of the protection device.
Line and telephone components
Because testing of the line protectors was limited to the line cards and
telephones shown below, only these components should be used for
off-premise installations.
Telephones
•
•
•
Meridian Modular Telephones (digital)
Meridian Digital Telephones
Standard analog (500/2500-type) telephones
Line cards
•
•
NT1R20 Off-Premise Station Line card
NT8D02 Digital Line card
Trunk cards
The following trunk cards are designed using the IPE architecture, and are
recommended for use in all new system designs.
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Trunk cards 45
Each of the trunk cards was designed to fit a specific system need. Use
meets system needs.
Table 6
Trunk card characteristics
Part
Number
Trun
ks
Architect
ure
Description
Trunk Types
8
NT8D14
Universal Trunk card
CO/FX/WATS trunks*,
direct inward dial trunks,
TIE trunks,
IPE
Loop Dial Repeating trunks
Recorded Announcement
trunks,
Paging trunks
4
8
NT8D15
NTCK16
E and M Trunk card
2-wire E and M Trunks,
4-wire E and M Trunks,
4-wire DX trunks,
IPE
IPE
Paging trunks
Generic Central Office Trunk
card
CO trunks
* Central office (CO), Foreign Exchange (FX), and Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) trunks.
NT8D14 Universal Trunk card
The NT8D14 Universal Trunk card is an intelligent four-channel trunk card
that is designed to be used in a variety of applications. It supports the
following five trunk types:
•
Central office (CO), Foreign Exchange (FEX), and Wide Area Telephone
Service (WATS) trunks
•
•
Direct Inward Dial (DID) trunks
TIE trunks: two-way Loop Dial Repeating (LDR) and two-way loop
Outgoing Automatic Incoming Dial (OAID)
•
•
Recorded Announcement (RAN) trunks
Paging (PAG) trunks
The universal trunk card also supports Music, Automatic Wake Up, and
Direct Inward System Access (DISA) features.
NT8D15 E and M Trunk card
The NT8D15 E and M Trunk card is an intelligent four-channel trunk card
that is designed to be used when connecting to the following types of trunks:
•
2-wire E and M Type I signaling trunks
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•
•
4-wire E and M Trunks with:
— Type I or Type II signaling
— Duplex (DX) signaling
Paging (PAG) trunks
The trunk type and function can be configured on a per port basis. Dialing
outpulsing is provided on the card. Make and break ratios are defined in
software and downloaded by software commands.
NTCK16 Generic Central Office Trunk card
The NTCK16 generic central office trunk cards support up to eight analog
central office trunks. They can be installed in any IPE slot that supports IPE.
The cards are available with or without the Periodic Pulse Metering (PPM)
feature. The cards are also available in numerous countries.
Installation
This section provides a high-level description of how to install and test
trunk cards.
IPE trunk cards can be installed in any IPE slot of the NT8D37 IPE module.
module.
When installing trunk cards, these general procedures should be used:
Procedure 1
Installing a trunk card
Step Action
1
2
Configure the jumpers and switches on the trunk card (if any) to
meet the system needs.
Install the trunk card into the selected slot.
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Figure 10
IPE trunk cards installed in an NT8D37 IPE module
3
4
5
6
Install the cable that connects the backplane connector on the IPE
module to the module I/O panel.
Connect a 25-pair cable from the module I/O panel connector to the
Main Distribution Frame (MDF).
Connect the trunk card output to the selected terminal equipment
at the MDF.
Configure the individual trunk interface unit using the Trunk
Administration program (LD 14) and the Trunk Route Administration
program (LD 16).
—End—
Once these steps are complete, the trunk card is ready for use.
Operation
This section describes how trunk cards fit into the CS 1000E, CS 1000M,
and Meridian 1 architecture, the buses that carry signals to and from the
"Differences between IPE parameters" (page 48) for IPE parameters.
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Host interface bus
Cards based on the IPE bus use a built-in microcontroller. The IPE
microcontroller is used for the following:
•
•
to perform local diagnostics (self-test)
to configure the card according to instructions issued by the system
processor
•
to report back to the system processor information such as card
identification (type, vintage, and serial number), firmware version, and
programmed configuration status.
Table 7
Differences between IPE parameters
Parameter
IPE
Card Dimensions
Network Interface
Communication Interface
Microcontroller
31.75 x 25.4 x 2.2 cm. (12.5 x10.0 x 0.875 in.)
DS-30X Loops
card LAN Link
8031
Peripheral Interface card
Network Interface card
Modules
NT8D01 Controller card
NT8D04 Superloop Network card
NT8D37 IPE module
Intelligent Peripheral Equipment
card architecture" (page 49) shows a typical IPE trunk card architecture.
The various trunk cards differ only in the number and types of trunk interface
units.
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Figure 11
Typical IPE trunk card architecture
The switch communicates with IPE modules over two separate interfaces.
Voice and signaling data are sent and received over DS-30X loops and
maintenance data is sent over a separate asynchronous communication
link called the card LAN link.
Signaling data is information directly related to the operation of the
telephone line. Some examples of signaling commands are as follows:
•
•
•
off hook/on hook
ringing signal on/off
message waiting lamp on/off
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Maintenance data is data relating to the configuration and operation of
the IPE card, and is carried on the card LAN link. Some examples of
maintenance data are as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
polling
reporting of self-test status
CPU initiated card reset
reporting of card ID (card type and hardware vintage)
reporting of firmware version
downloading trunk interface unit configuration
reporting of trunk interface unit configuration
enabling/disabling of the DS-30X network loop bus
reporting of card status
DS-30X loops The interfaces provided by the line and trunk cards connect
to conventional 2-wire (tip and ring) line facilities. IPE analog line and
trunk cards convert the incoming analog voice and signaling information to
digital form, and route it to the Common Equipment (CE) CPU over DS-30X
network loops. Conversely, digital voice and signaling information from the
CPU is sent over DS-30X network loops to the analog line and trunk cards
where it is converted to analog form and applied to the line or trunk facility.
IPE digital line cards receive the data from the digital phone terminal as
512 kHz Time Compressed Multiplexed (TCM) data. The digital line card
converts that data to a format compatible with the DS-30X loop, and
transmits it in the next available timeslot. When a word is received from
the DS-30X loop, the digital line card converts it to the TCM format and
transmits it to the digital phone terminal over the digital line facility.
A separate dedicated DS-30X network loop is extended between each
IPE line/trunk card and the controller cards within an IPE module (or the
controller circuits on a network/DTR card in a CE module). A DS-30X
network loop is composed of two synchronous serial data buses. One bus
transports in the transmit (Tx) direction toward the line facility and the other
in the receive (Rx) direction toward the common equipment.
Each bus has 32 channels for pulse code modulated (PCM) voice data.
Each channel consists of a 10-bit word. See Figure 12 "DS-30X loop data
Eight of the 10 bits are for PCM data, one bit is the call signaling bit, and
the last bit is a data valid bit. The 8-bit PCM portion of a channel is called a
timeslot . The DS-30X loop is clocked at 2.56 Mbps (one-half the 5.12 MHz
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clock frequency supplied by the controller card). The timeslot repetition rate
for a single channel is 8 kHz. The controller card also supplies a locally
generated 1 kHz frame sync signal for channel synchronization.
Signaling data is transmitted to and from the line cards using the call
signaling bit within the 10-bit channel. When the line card detects a
condition that the switch needs to know about, it creates a 24-bit signaling
word. This word is shifted out on the signaling bit for the associated channel
one bit at a time during 24 successive DS-30X frames. Conversely, when
the switch sends signaling data to the line card, it is sent as a 24-bit word
divided among 24 successive DS-30X frames.
Figure 12
DS-30X loop data format
DS-30Y network loops extend between controller cards and superloop
network cards in the common equipment, and function in a manner similar
to DS-30X loops. See Figure 13 "Network connections to IPE modules"
Essentially, a DS-30Y loop carries the PCM timeslot traffic of a DS-30X
loop. Four DS-30Y network loops form a superloop with a capacity of 128
channels (120 usable timeslots).
See Communication Server 1000M and Meridian 1 Large System Planning
and Engineering (NN43021-220) for more information on superloops.
Card LAN link Maintenance communication is the exchange of control
and status data between IPE line or trunk cards and the CE CPU by way of
the NT8D01 Controller Card. Maintenance data is transported via the card
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52 Overview
LAN link. This link is composed of two asynchronous serial buses (called
(page 49)). The output bus is used by the controller for output of control
data to the trunk card.The input bus is used by the controller for input of
trunk card status data.
Figure 13
Network connections to IPE modules
A card LAN link bus is common to all of the line/trunk card slots within an
IPE module (or IPE section of a CE module). This bus is arranged in a
master/slave configuration where the controller card is the master and all
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Operation 53
other cards are slaves. The module backplane provides each line/trunk card
slot with a unique hardwired slot address. This slot address enables a slave
card to respond when addressed by the controller card. The controller card
communicates with only one slave at a time.
In normal operation, the controller card continually scans (polls) all of the
slave cards connected to the card LAN to monitor their presence and
operational status. The slave card sends replies to the controller on the
input bus along with its card slot address for identification. In this reply, the
slave informs the controller if any change in card status has taken place.
The controller can then prompt the slave for specific information. Slaves
only respond when prompted by the controller; they do not initiate exchange
of control or status data on their own.
When an IPE line or trunk card is first plugged into the backplane, it runs
a self-test. When the self test is completed, a properly functioning card
responds to the next controller card poll with the self-test status. The
controller then queries for card identification and other status information.
The controller then downloads all applicable configuration data to the
line/trunk card, initializes it, and puts it into an operational mode.
The network card regularly polls the IPE cards during TS0 to see if any
of them has a message to be sent. When an IPE card has a message
waiting it responds to the poll by sending a series of 1s during the next five
successive timeslot 0s. The network card responds by sending a "message
send enable" message (all 1s). The IPE card replies by sending 1, 1, 1, 0,
and then the message in successive timeslot 0s.
Trunk interface unit
Once the 8-bit digital voice signal has been received by the trunk card, it
must be converted back into an analog signal, filtered, and driven onto the
analog trunk line through an impedance matching and balance network.
The trunk interface also includes the logic necessary to place outgoing call
signaling onto the trunk, or the logic to connect to special services such as
recorded announcement and paging equipment.
typical example of the logic that performs these functions. Each part of the
trunk interface unit is discussed in the following section.
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Figure 14
Typical trunk interface unit block diagram
Coder/Decoder circuit The coder/decoder (codec) performs Analog
to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analog (D/A) conversion of the line analog
voiceband signal to and from a digital PCM signal. This signal can be coded
and decoded using either the A-Law or the µ-Law companding algorithm.
On some trunk cards the decoding algorithm depends of the type of codec
installed when the board is built. On others, it is an option selected using a
software overlay.
Variable gain filters Audio signals received from the analog phone trunk
are passed through a low-pass A/D monolithic filter that limits the frequency
spread of the input signal to a nominal 200–3400 Hz bandwidth. The audio
signal is then applied to the input of the codec. Audio signals coming
from the CODEC are passed through a low-pass A/D monolithic filter that
integrates the amplitude modulated pulses coming from the CODEC, and
then filters and amplifies the result.
On some of the trunk cards, the gain of these filters can be programmed
by the system controller. This allows the system to make up for line losses
according to the loss plan.
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Serial Data Interface (SDI) cards 55
Balancing network Depending on the card type, the balancing network is
capable of providing either a 600 ohm or a 900 ohm (or both) impedance
matching network. It also converts the 2-wire transmission path (tip and
ring) to a 4-wire transmission path (Rx/ground and Tx/ground). The
balancing network is a transformer/analog (hybrid) circuit combination.
Signaling circuits Signaling circuits are relays that place outgoing call
signaling onto the trunk. Signal detection circuits monitor the incoming
call signaling.
Control signals Control signals and logic are provided when the trunk is
going to be connected to special services such as recorded announcement
and paging equipment.
Serial Data Interface (SDI) cards
The NT8D41BA QSDI paddle board provides four bidirectional
asynchronous serial ports for the system processor, and the QPC841 QSDI
card also provides four. Any device that conforms to the RS-232-C serial
communication standard can be connected to these serial ports.
The QPC513 ESDI card provides two fully synchronous serial ports for the
system processor. The ESDI card communicates using the Link Access
Procedure Balanced (LAP-B) synchronous communication protocol.
The electrical interface uses either standard RS-232-C signals or a special
high-speed interface that combines the high-speed differential interface
of the RS-422-A standard with the handshake signals of the RS-232-C
standard.
The RS-232-C interface is normally used when data rates are less than 19.2
Kbps, and the cable length is less than 15.24 m (50 ft). The high-speed
interface is used when the signal rates are greater than 19.2 kbps (up to 64
kbps) and/or when the cable length is greater than 15.24 m (50 ft).
the three SDI cards and the various switch options.
Table 8
Serial data interface cards
Compatible System Options
Ports
Port types
Card
51C, 61C
81C
4
NT8D41BA
RS-232-C asynchronous
X
X
*See the section on the QPC513 card in this manual for details on the high-speed interface
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56 Overview
Compatible System Options
Ports
Port types
Card
51C, 61C
81C
X
4
2
QPC841
QPC513
RS-232-C asynchronous
X
X
RS-232-C synchronous or
high-speed synchronous*
X
*See the section on the QPC513 card in this manual for details on the high-speed interface
The NT8D41BA QSDI paddle board does not use a front panel. It mounts to
the rear of the backplane in the NT5D21 Core/Network module, and does
not consume a module slot. The RS-232-C connections are brought out
through special cables to the backplane I/O panel.
The QPC841 Quad SDI card mounts in standard backplane slots and its
serial interface connectors are located on the card front panels. A list of the
modules that can be mounted in is given in the section on the individual card.
Uses
Examples of asynchronous devices that can be connected to the system
processor using the NT8D41BA QSDI paddle board and the QPC841 Quad
SDI card are:
•
•
•
•
an administration and maintenance terminal
a background terminal for use in a hotel/motel
the Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) feature
the Call Detail Recording (CDR) feature
Examples of synchronous devices that can be connected to the system
processor using the QPC513 Enhanced SDI card are:
•
a host computer (DEC, Tandem, for example) using the Meridian Link
communication program
Features
The NT8D41 QSDI paddle board and the QPC841 QSDI card provide the
following features:
•
asynchronous serial data interface ports, each supporting
— RS-232-C interface
— 8–bit ASCII data with parity and stop bit
— Asynchronous, start-stop operation
— Data rates of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600 baud
— Data terminal equipment (DTE) emulation mode
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Serial Data Interface (SDI) cards 57
— Data communication equipment (DCE) emulation mode
•
•
enable/disable switch and LED
input/output (I/O) device address selectable by on-board switches.
The QPC513 ESDI card provides these features:
•
fully synchronous serial data interface ports, each supporting
— RS-232-C or modified RS-422-A interface
— LAPB subset of the HDLC synchronous protocol
— Data rates of 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 48000, 56000, and
64000 baud
— Data terminal equipment (DTE) emulation mode
— Data communication equipment (DCE) emulation mode
•
•
enable/disable switch and LED
input/output (I/O) device address selectable by on-board switches.
Specifications
This section lists the specifications shared by all of the SDI cards. See
the appropriate section in this document for information specific to any
particular card.
Power consumption
The SDI cards obtain their power directly from the module backplane. Power
Table 9
Power consumption
Maximum power consumption
NT8D41BA
1.0 Amp
100 mA
Voltage
QPC841
1.5 Amp
100 mA
100 mA
+5 VDC ±5%
+12 VDC ±5%
–12 VDC ±5%
100 mA
Environmental
The SDI cards operate without degradation under the conditions listed in
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58 Overview
Table 10
Environmental specifications
Specification
Operation
Storage
Ambient temperature
0 to 50 C;
(32 to 122 F)
–55 to +70 C;
(–58 to 158 F)
5% to 95%
0% to 95%
Relative humidity
(non-condensing)
3500m;
15000m;
Altitude
(11000 ft)
(50000 ft)
Electrostatic discharge
The SDI cards meet the requirements of the IEC 801-2, clause 8.0
procedure. They can withstand a direct discharge of ±5 to ±20 kV without
being damaged.
Electromagnetic interference
The CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and Meridian 1 systems meet the requirements
of FCC Part 15 and CSA C108.8 electromagnetic interference (EMI)
standards as a class "A" computing device. To accomplish this, the SDI
cables must exit the module through EMI filters on the I/O panel.
Reliability
The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) for all SDI cards is 55 years at
40¡C and 29 years at 55¡C.
Installation
To use a serial data interface card in a CS 1000E, CS 1000M, or Meridian 1
system, first install the card in the system, and then configure the system
software to recognize it. These steps are discussed in the following sections.
Instructions for cabling the serial data interface cards to the various system
consoles and peripherals are found in Communication Server 1000M and
Meridian 1 Large System Installation and Configuration (NN43021-310).
Configuring the system software
Once an SDI card has been installed in the system, the system software
needs to be configured to recognize it. This is done using the Configuration
Record program LD 17. Instructions for the Configuration Record
program are found in Software Input/Output Reference — Administration
(NN43001-611).
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