Nortel Networks Circuit Card 311 User Manual

Nortel Communication Server 1000  
Circuit Card Reference  
NN43001-311  
.
4
Contents  
Nortel Communication Server 1000  
Circuit Card Reference  
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard  
Release 5.0 23 May 2008  
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks  
.
13  
New in this release  
This technical document provides information about circuit cards for the  
CS 1000 Release 5.5. Non-supported circuit cards have been deleted  
from the document.  
Other  
Revision History  
June 2008  
Standard 01.04. This document has been up-issued to include information in  
February 2008  
December 2007  
June 2007  
Standard 01.03. This document has been up-issued to reflect changes in  
technical content for CR Q01396373-01.  
Standard 02.05. This document has been up-issued to support  
Communication Server Release 5.5.  
Standard 01.02. This document has been up-issued to reflect changes in  
technical content for CoreNet shelf supporting CP PII and CP PIV function.  
May 2007  
Standard 01.01. This document is up-issued to support Nortel  
Communication Server 1000 Release 5.0. This document contains  
information previously contained in the following legacy document, now  
retired, Circuit Card (553-3001-211).  
August 2005  
Standard 3.00. This document is up-issued to support Nortel Communication  
Server 1000 Release 4.5.  
September 2004  
October 2003  
Standard 2.00. This document is up-issued for Nortel Communication Server  
1000 Release 4.0.  
Standard 1.00. This is a new technical document for Succession 3.0. It  
was created to support a restructuring of the Documentation Library, which  
resulted in the merging of multiple legacy technical documents. This new  
document consolidates information previously contained in the following  
legacy documents, now retired:  
Line Cards: Description (553-3001-105)  
Trunk Cards: Description (553-3001-106)  
Serial Data Interface Cards: Description (553-3001-107)  
NT7D16 Data Access Card: Description and operation (553-3001-191)  
Nortel Communication Server 1000  
Circuit Card Reference  
NN43001-311 01.04 Standard  
Release 5.0 23 May 2008  
Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks  
.
     
14 New in this release  
Multi-purpose Serial Data Link: Description (553-3001-195)  
Circuit Cards: Installation and Testing (553-3001-211)  
Option 11C and 11C mini Technical Reference Guide (553-3011-100)  
(Content from Option 11C and 11C mini Technical Reference  
Guide (553-3011-100) also appears in Telephones and Consoles  
Fundamentals (NN43001-567)  
Circuit Card Reference (553-3023-211)  
New circuit cards for CS 1000 Release 5  
CS 1000 5.5 introduces the following new circuit cards:  
NTDW60 Media Gateway Controller Card The NTDW60 Media  
Gateway Controller (MGC) card provides a gateway controller for  
MG 1000E IP Media Gateways in a CS 1000E system. The MGC  
only functions as a gateway controller under control of a CS 1000E  
Call Server. For further information, see "NTDW60 Media Gateway  
NTDW61 and NTDW66 Common Processor Pentium Mobile Call  
Server Card The NTDW61 Common Processor Pentium Mobile (CP  
PM) card delivers Call Server functionality, stores system and customer  
data and provides various 10/100/1000 BaseT Ethernet interfaces.  
Gateway functionality and shelf container functionality are delivered  
by the Media Gateway Controller (MGC) card and its Digital Signal  
Processor (DSP) daughterboard. For further information, see "NTDW61  
NTDW62 and NTDW64 Media Gateway Controller Daughterboards  
The NTDW60 Media Gateway Controller (MGC) card has two PCI  
Telephony Mezzanine Card (PMTC) form factor expansion sites. Place  
daughterboards (DB) in the expansion sites to provide Digital Signal  
Processor (DSP) resources for connecting IP and TDM devices. For  
further information, see "NTDW62 and NTDW64 Media Gateway  
NTDW65 Voice Gateway Media Card The NTDW65 Voice Gateway  
Media Card provides 32 IP-TDM gateway ports between an IP device  
and a TDM device in a CS1000 network. The Voice Gateway Media card  
comes in an IPE form factor. The card can be used in the MG 1000E,  
MG 1000B, CS 1000E, and CS 1000M systems. For more information  
Nortel Communication Server 1000  
Circuit Card Reference  
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Copyright © 2003-2008, Nortel Networks  
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15  
How to get help  
This chapter explains how to get help for Nortel products and services.  
Getting help from the Nortel web site  
The best way to get technical support for Nortel products is from the Nortel  
Technical Support web site:  
This site provides quick access to software, documentation, bulletins, and  
tools to address issues with Nortel products. From this site, you can:  
download software, documentation, and product bulletins  
search the Technical Support Web site and the Nortel Knowledge Base  
for answers to technical issues  
sign up for automatic notification of new software and documentation  
for Nortel equipment  
open and manage technical support cases  
Getting help over the telephone from a Nortel Solutions Center  
If you do not find the information you require on the Nortel Technical Support  
web site, and you have a Nortel support contract, you can also get help over  
the telephone from a Nortel Solutions Center.  
In North America, call 1-800-4NORTEL (1-800-466-7835).  
Outside North America, go to the following web site to obtain the telephone  
number for your region:www.nortel.com/callus  
Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code  
To access some Nortel Technical Solutions Centers, you can use an  
Express Routing Code (ERC) to quickly route your call to a specialist in your  
Nortel product or service. To locate the ERC for your product or service, go  
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16 How to get help  
Getting help through a Nortel distributor or reseller  
If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel product from a distributor  
or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor  
or reseller.  
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18 Overview  
Line cards  
The following line cards are designed using the Intelligent Peripheral  
Equipment (IPE) architecture and are recommended for use in all new  
system designs.  
Each of the line cards was designed to fit a specific system need. Table 1  
"Line card characteristics" (page 18) lists the line card characteristics.  
Table 1  
Line card characteristics  
Supervised  
Analog  
Lines  
Part  
Number  
Line  
Type  
Message  
Waiting  
Description  
Lines  
Architecture  
8
NT1R20  
Off-premise  
station analog  
line card  
Analog Interrupted dial Yes  
tone  
IPE  
24  
30  
16  
NT5D11  
Lineside T1  
Interface card  
T1  
None  
None  
Yes  
Yes  
No  
IPE  
IPE  
IPE  
NT5D33/3 Lineside E1  
4
E1  
Interface card  
NT8D02  
Digital Line  
card (16  
voice/16 data)  
Digital  
Message  
waiting signal  
forwarded to  
digital phone  
for display  
16  
NT8D09  
Analog  
Analog Lamp  
No  
IPE  
Message  
Waiting Line  
card  
NT1R20 Off-Premise Station Analog Line card  
The NT1R20 Off-Premise Station (OPS) Analog Line card is an intelligent  
eight-channel analog line card designed to be used with 2-wire analog  
terminal equipment such as analog (500/2500-type) telephones and analog  
modems. Each line has integral hazardous and surge voltage protection  
to protect the system from damage due to lightning strikes and accidental  
power line connections. This card is normally used whenever the phone  
lines leave the building in which the switch is installed. The OPS line card  
supports message waiting notification by interrupting the dial tone when  
the receiver is first picked up. It also provides battery reversal answer and  
disconnect analog line supervision and hook flash disconnect analog line  
supervision features.  
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Line cards 19  
NT5D11 and NT5D14 Lineside T1 interface card  
The NT5D11/14 Lineside T1 Interface card is an intelligent 24-channel  
digital line card that is used to connect the switch to T1-compatible terminal  
equipment on the lineside. The T1-compatible terminal equipment includes  
voice mail systems, channel banks containing FXS cards, and key systems  
such as the Nortel Norstar. The Lineside T1 card differs from trunk T1  
cards in that it supports terminal equipment features such as hook-flash,  
transfer, hold, and conference. It emulates an analog line card to the system  
software.  
NT5D33 and NT5D34 Lineside E1 Interface card  
The NT5D33/34 Lineside E1 Interface card is an intelligent 30-channel  
digital line card that is used to connect the switch to E1-compatible terminal  
equipment on the lineside. The E1-compatible terminal equipment includes  
voice mail systems. The lineside E1 card emulates an analog line card to  
the system software.  
NT8D02 Digital Line card  
The NT8D02 Digital Line card is an intelligent 16-channel digital line card  
that provides voice and data communication links between a CS 1000E, CS  
1000M, and Meridian 1 switch and modular digital telephones. Each of the  
16 channels support voice-only or simultaneous voice and data service over  
a single twisted pair of standard telephone wire.  
NT8D09 analog message waiting line card  
The NT8D09 Analog Message Waiting Line card is an intelligent 16-channel  
analog line card designed to be used with 2-wire terminal equipment such  
as analog (500/2500-type) telephones, modems, and key systems. This  
card can also provide a high-voltage, low-current signal on the Tip and Ring  
pair of each line to light the message waiting lamp on phones equipped  
with that feature.  
Installation  
This section provides a high-level description of how to install and test line  
cards.  
IPE line cards can be installed in any slot of the NT8D37 IPE module.  
20) shows where an IPE line card can be installed in an NT8D37 IPE  
module.  
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20 Overview  
Figure 1  
IPE line cards shown installed in an NT8D37 IPE module  
When installing line cards, follow these general procedures:  
Step Action  
1
Configure the jumpers and switches on the line card (if any) to meet  
system needs.  
2
3
Install the line card into the selected slot.  
Install the cable that connects the backplane connector on the IPE  
module to the module I/O panel.  
4
5
6
Connect a 25-pair cable from the module I/O panel connector to the  
Main Distribution Frame (MDF).  
Connect the line card output to the selected terminal equipment  
at the MDF.  
Configure the individual line interface unit using the Analog  
(500/2500-type) Telephone Administration program LD 10 for analog  
line interface units and Multi-line Telephone Administration program  
LD 11 for digital line interface units.  
—End—  
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Line cards 21  
Once these steps are complete, the terminal equipment is ready for use.  
Operation  
This section describes how line cards fit into the CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and  
Meridian 1 architecture, the busses that carry signals to and from the line  
cards, and how they connect to terminal equipment. These differences are  
Host interface bus  
Cards based on the IPE bus use a built-in microcontroller. The IPE  
microcontroller is used to do the following:  
perform local diagnostics (self-test)  
configure the card according to instructions issued by the system  
report back to the system information such as card identification  
(type, vintage, and serial number), firmware version, and programmed  
configuration status)  
Table 2  
IPE module architecture  
Parameter  
IPE  
Card Dimensions  
31.75 x 25.4 x 2.2 cm (12.5 x10.0 x 0.875  
in.).  
Network Interface  
Communication Interface  
Microcontroller  
DS-30X Loops  
card LAN Link  
8031/8051 Family  
Peripheral Interface card  
Network Interface card  
Modules  
NT8D01 Controller card  
NT8D04 Superloop Network card  
NT8D37 IPE module  
Intelligent Peripheral Equipment  
IPE line cards all share a similar architecture. Figure 2 "Typical IPE analog  
line card architecture" (page 23) shows a typical IPE line card architecture.  
The various line cards differ only in the number and types of line interface  
units.  
The switch communicates with IPE modules over two separate interfaces.  
Voice and signaling data are sent and received over DS-30X loops, and  
maintenance data is sent over a separate asynchronous communication  
link called the card LAN link.  
Signaling data is information directly related to the operation of the  
telephone line. Some examples of signaling commands include:  
off-hook/on-hook  
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22 Overview  
ringing signal on/off  
message waiting lamp on/off  
Maintenance data is data relating to the configuration and operation of  
the IPE card, and is carried on the card LAN link. Some examples of  
maintenance data include:  
polling  
reporting of self-test status  
CP initiated card reset  
reporting of card ID (card type and hardware vintage)  
reporting of firmware version  
downloading line interface unit parameters  
reporting of line interface unit configuration  
enabling/disabling of the DS-30X network loop bus  
reporting of card status or T1 link status  
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Line cards 23  
Figure 2  
Typical IPE analog line card architecture  
DS-30X loops The line interfaces provided by the line cards connect to  
conventional 2-wire (tip and ring) line facilities. IPE analog line cards convert  
the incoming analog voice and signaling information to digital form and  
route it to the Call Server over DS-30X network loops. Conversely, digital  
voice and signaling information from the Call Server is sent over DS-30X  
network loops to the analog line cards where it is converted to analog form  
and applied to the line facility.  
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24 Overview  
IPE digital line cards receive the data from the digital phone terminal  
as 512 kHz Time Compressed Multiplexed (TCM) data. The digital line  
card converts that data to a format compatible with the DS-30X loop and  
transmits it in the next available timeslot. When a word is received from  
the DS-30X loop, the digital line card converts it to the TCM format and  
transmits it to the digital phone terminal over the digital line facility.  
A separate dedicated DS-30X network loop is extended between each IPE  
line/trunk card and the controller cards within an IPE module. A DS-30X  
network loop is composed of two synchronous serial data buses. One bus  
transports in the Transmit (Tx) direction towards the line facility and the  
other in the Receive (Rx) direction towards the CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and  
Meridian 1.  
Each bus has 32 channels for Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) voice data.  
Each channel consists of a 10-bit word. See Figure 3 "DS-30X loop data  
format" (page 25). Eight of the 10 bits are for PCM data, one bit is the call  
signaling bit, and the last bit is a data valid bit. The eight-bit PCM portion of  
a channel is called a timeslot. The DS-30X loop is clocked at 2.56 Mbps  
(one-half the 5.12 MHz clock frequency supplied by the controller card).  
The timeslot repetition rate for a single channel is 8 kHz. The controller  
card also supplies a locally generated 1 kHz frame sync signal for channel  
synchronization.  
Signaling data is transmitted to and from the line cards using the call  
signaling bit within the 10-bit channel. When the line card detects a  
condition that the switch needs to know about, it creates a 24-bit signaling  
word. This word is shifted out on the signaling bit for the associated channel  
one bit at a time during 24 successive DS-30X frames. Conversely, when  
the switch sends signaling data to the line card, it is sent as a 24-bit word  
divided among 24 successive DS-30X frames.  
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Line cards 25  
Figure 3  
DS-30X loop data format  
DS-30Y network loops extend between controller cards and superloop  
network cards in the Common Equipment (CE). They function in a manner  
A DS-30Y loop carries the PCM timeslot traffic of a DS-30X loop. Four  
DS-30Y network loops form a superloop with a capacity of 128 channels  
(120 usable timeslots). See Communication Server 1000M and Meridian  
1 Large System Planning and Engineering (NN43021-220) for more  
information on superloops.  
Card LAN link Maintenance communication is the exchange of control  
and status data between IPE line or trunk cards and the Call Server by way  
of the NT8D01 Controller card. Maintenance data is transported through  
the card LAN link. This link is composed of two asynchronous serial buses  
(called the Async card LAN link in Figure 2 "Typical IPE analog line card  
architecture" (page 23)). The output bus is used by the system controller for  
output of control data to the line card. The input bus is used by the system  
controller for input of line card status data.  
A card LAN link bus is common to all of the line/trunk card slots within an  
IPE module. This bus is arranged in a master/slave configuration where the  
controller card is the master and all other cards are slaves. The module  
backplane provides each line/trunk card slot with a unique hardwired slot  
address. This slot address enables a slave card to respond when addressed  
by the controller card. The controller card communicates with only one  
slave at a time.  
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26 Overview  
In normal operation, the controller card continually scans (polls) all of the  
slave cards connected to the card LAN to monitor their presence and  
operational status. The slave card sends replies to the controller on the  
input bus along with its card slot address for identification. In its reply, the  
slave informs the controller if any change in card status has taken place.  
The controller can then prompt the slave for specific information. Slaves  
only respond when prompted by the controller; they do not initiate exchange  
of control or status data on their own.  
When an IPE line card is first plugged into the backplane, it runs a self-test.  
When the self-test is completed, a properly functioning card responds to  
the next controller card poll with the self-test status. The controller then  
queries for card identification and other status information. The controller  
then downloads all applicable configuration data to the line card, initializes  
it, and puts it into an operational mode.  
Analog line interface units  
Once the 8-bit digital voice signal has been received by the analog line card,  
it must be converted back into an analog signal, filtered, converted from a  
4-wire transmission path to a 2-wire transmission path, and driven onto  
the analog telephone line.  
a typical example of the logic that performs these functions. Each part of  
the analog line interface unit is discussed in the following section.  
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Line cards 27  
Figure 4  
Typical analog line interface unit block diagram  
Coder/Decoder circuit  
The Coder/Decoder (CODEC) performs Analog to Digital (A/D) and Digital  
to Analog (D/A) conversion of the line analog voiceband signal to and from  
a digital PCM signal. This signal can be coded and decoded using either  
the A-Law or the µ-Law companding algorithm.  
On some analog line cards, the decoding algorithm depends of the type of  
CODEC installed when the board is built. On others, it is an option selected  
using a software overlay.  
Variable gain filters  
Audio signals received from the analog phone line are passed through a  
low-pass A/D monolithic filter that limits the frequency spread of the input  
signal to a nominal 200 to 3400 Hz bandwidth. The audio signal is then  
applied to the input of the CODEC. Audio signals coming from the CODEC  
are passed through a low-pass A/D monolithic filter that integrates the  
amplitude modulated pulses coming from the CODEC, and then filters and  
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28 Overview  
amplifies the result. On some of the line cards, the gain of these filters can  
be programmed by the system controller. This allows the system to make  
up for line losses according to the loss plan.  
Balancing network  
Depending on the card type, the balancing network provides a 600 3/4, 900  
3
/
4, 3COM or 3CM2 impedance matching network. It also converts the 2-wire  
transmission path (tip and ring) to a 4-wire transmission path (Rx/ground  
and Tx/ground). The balancing network is usually a transformer/analog  
(hybrid) circuit combination, but can also be a monolithic Subscriber Line  
Interface Circuit (SLIC) on the newer line cards.  
Line interface and foreign voltage protection  
The line interface unit connects the balancing network to the telephone  
tip and ring pairs. The off-premise line card (NT1R20) has circuitry that  
protects the line card from foreign voltage surges caused by accidental  
power line connections and lightning surges. This protection is necessary if  
the telephone line leaves the building where the switch is installed.  
The line interface unit has a relay that applies the ringing voltage onto the  
(page 27). The RSYNC signal from the 20 Hz (nominal) ringing voltage  
power supply is used to prevent switching of the relay during the current  
peak. This eliminates switching glitches and extends the life of the switching  
relay.  
The off-hook detection circuit monitors the current draw on the phone line.  
When the current draw exceeds a preset value, the circuit generates an  
off-hook signal that is transmitted back to the system controller.  
The message waiting circuit on message waiting line cards monitors the  
status of the message waiting signal and applies –150 V dc power to the  
tip lead when activated. This voltage is used to light the message waiting  
lamps on phones that are equipped with that feature. The high voltage  
supply is automatically disconnected when the phone goes off-hook. Newer  
line cards can sense when the message waiting lamp is not working and  
can report that information back to the system controller.  
Digital line interface units  
The NT8D02 Digital Line card provides voice and data communication  
links between a switch and modular digital telephones. These lines  
carry multiplexed PCM voice, data and signaling information as Time  
Compression Multiplexed (TCM) loops. Each TCM loop can be connected  
to a Nortel "Meridian Modular Digital" telephone.  
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Line cards 29  
The digital line interface card contains one or more digital line interface units.  
digital line interface unit contains a Digital Line Interface Circuit (DLIC). The  
purpose of each DLIC is to demultiplex data from the DS-30X Tx channel  
into integrated voice and data bitstreams and transmit those bitstreams  
as Bi-Polar Return to Zero, Alternate Mark Inversion (BPRZ-AMI) data to  
the TCM loop. It also does the opposite: receives BPRZ-AMI bitstreams  
from the TCM loop and multiplexes the integrated voice and data bitstream  
onto the DS-30X Rx channel.  
The 4-wire to 2-wire conversion circuit converts the 2-wire tip and ring leads  
into a 4-wire (Tx and ground and RX and ground) signal that is compatible  
with the digital line interface circuit.  
TCM loop interfaces  
Each digital phone line terminates on the digital line card at a TCM loop  
interface circuit. The circuit provides transformer coupling and foreign  
voltage protection between the TCM loop and the digital line interface  
circuit. It also provides power for the digital telephone.  
Figure 5  
Digital line interface unit block diagram  
To prevent undesirable side effects from occurring when the TCM loop  
interface cannot provide the proper signals on the digital phone line, the  
system controller can remove the ±15 V dc power supply from the TCM loop  
interface. This happens when either the card gets a command from the  
NT8D01 Controller card to shut down the channel, or when the digital line  
card detects a loss of the 1 KHz frame synchronization signal.  
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30 Overview  
Each TCM loop interface circuit can service loops up to 3500 ft. in length  
when using 24 gauge wire. The circuit allows for a maximum ac signal loss  
of 15.5 dB at 256 KHz and a maximum DC loop resistance of 210 ohms.  
Signaling  
The digital line interface units also contain signaling and control circuits  
that establish, monitor, and take down call connections. These circuits  
work with the system controller to operate the digital line interface circuits  
during calls. The circuits receive outgoing call signaling messages from the  
controller and return incoming call status information to the controller over  
the DS-30X network loop.  
Analog line call operation  
The applications, features, and signalling arrangements for each line  
interface unit are configured in software and implemented on the card  
through software download messages. When an analog line interface unit is  
idle, it provides a voltage near ground on the tip lead and a voltage near  
–48 V dc on the ring lead to the near-end station. (The near-end station is  
the telephone or device that is connected to the analog line card by the tip  
and ring leads.) An on-hook telephone presents a high impedance toward  
the line interface unit on the card.  
Incoming calls  
Incoming calls to a telephone that is connected to an analog line card can  
originate either from stations that are local (served by the PBX), or remote  
(served through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)). The  
alerting signal to a telephone is 20 Hz (nominal) ringing. When an incoming  
call is answered by the near-end station going off-hook, a low-resistance dc  
loop is placed across the tip and ring leads (towards the analog line card)  
Outgoing calls  
For outgoing calls from the near-end station, a line interface unit is seized  
when the station goes off-hook, placing a low-resistance loop across the tip  
and ring leads towards the analog line card. See Figure 7 "Call connection  
the low-resistance loop, it prepares to receive digits. When the system is  
ready to receive digits, it returns dial tone. Outward address signaling is  
then applied from the near-end station in the form of loop (interrupting)  
dial pulses or DTMF tones.  
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Line cards 31  
Figure 6  
Call connection sequence - near-end station receiving call  
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32 Overview  
Figure 7  
Call connection sequence - near-end originating call  
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Line cards 33  
Message waiting  
Line cards that are equipped with the message waiting feature receive  
notification that a message is waiting across the Card LAN link (IPE  
cards). On cards that drive a message waiting light, the light is turned on  
by connecting the ring side of the telephone line to the –150 V dc power  
supply. When the line card senses that the telephone has gone off-hook,  
it removes the –150 V dc voltage until the telephone goes back on-hook.  
Line cards that use an interrupted dial tone to indicate message waiting do  
nothing until the receiver is picked up. The line card then interrupts the dial  
tone at a regular interval to indicate that a message is waiting.  
In both cases, the message waiting indication continues until the user  
checks his or her messages. At that time, the system cancels the message  
waiting indication by sending another message across the Card LAN link  
or network loop.  
Analog line supervision  
Analog line supervision features are used to extend the answer supervision  
and disconnect supervision signals when the line card is connected to an  
intelligent terminal device (Key system or intelligent pay phone). Two types  
of analog line supervision are provided:  
battery reversal answer and disconnect supervision  
hook flash disconnect supervision  
Battery reversal answer and disconnect supervision Battery reversal  
answer and disconnect supervision is only used for calls that originate from  
the terminal device. It provides both far-end answer supervision and far-end  
disconnect supervision signals to the terminal device. In an intelligent  
pay phone application, these signals provide the information necessary  
to accurately compute toll charges.  
In the idle state, and during dialing and ringing at the far end, the line card  
provides a ground signal on the tip lead and battery on the ring lead. See  
(page 35). When the far-end answers, these polarities are reversed. The  
reversed battery connection is maintained as long as the call is established.  
When the far-end disconnects, the system sends a message that causes  
the line card to revert the battery and ground signals to the normal state  
to signal that the call is complete.  
Hook Flash disconnect supervision Hook flash disconnect supervision  
is only used for incoming calls that terminate at the terminal device (typically  
(page 36). The disconnect signal is indicated by the removal of the ground  
connection to the tip lead for a specific length of time. The length of time  
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34 Overview  
is programmed in LD10, and ranges from a minimum of 10 milliseconds to  
a maximum of 2.55 seconds. See Software Input/Output Reference —  
Administration (NN43001-611) for more information.  
Digital line call operation  
Digital line call operation is controlled entirely by use of messages between  
the digital telephone and the system. These messages are carried across  
the TCM loop interface. There is no call connection sequence similar to the  
one used for analog telephone line operation.  
Lineside T1 and E1 call operation  
The lineside T1/E1 card’s call operation is performed differently depending  
on whether the T1/E1 link is configured to process calls in loop start mode or  
ground start mode. Configuration is performed through dip switch settings  
on the lineside T1/E1 card.  
The lineside T1/E1 card performs calls processing separately on each of its  
24 channels. Signaling is performed using the "A/B robbed bit" signaling  
standard for T1/E1 communication.  
A/B robbed bit signaling simulates standard analog signaling by sending a  
meaningful combination of ones and zeros across the line that correlates to  
the electrical impulses that standard analog signaling sends. For example,  
to represent that an analog line interface unit is idle, the analog line card  
provides a ground on the tip lead and –48Vdc on the ring lead. The  
lineside T1/E1 card accomplishes the same result by sending its A bit as 0  
(translated as ground on the tip lead) and its B bit as 1 (translated as –48V  
dc on the ring lead). However, measuring the voltage of the ring lead on the  
T1/E1 line would not return –48V dc, since actual electrical impulses are  
not being sent.  
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Line cards 35  
Figure 8  
Battery reversal answer and disconnect supervision sequence  
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36 Overview  
Figure 9  
Hook flash disconnect supervision sequence  
Call operation is described by categorizing the operation into the following  
main states:  
Idle (on-hook)  
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Line cards 37  
Incoming calls  
Outgoing calls  
Calls disconnected by the CO  
Calls disconnected by the telephone  
Loop Start Mode  
In Loop Start mode, the A and B bits meaning is:  
Transmit from LTI:A bit = 0 (tip ground on); B bit = Ringing (0=on, 1=off)  
Receive to LTI: A bit = Loop (0=open, 1=closed); B bit = 1 (no ring  
ground)  
When a T1 channel is idle, the Lineside T1 card simulates a ground on the  
tip lead and –48Vdc on the ring lead to the terminal equipment by setting its  
transmit A bit to 0 and transmit B bit to 1. Accordingly, an on-hook channel  
on the terminal equipment simulates an open loop toward the Lineside T1  
card, causing the Lineside T1 card’s receive bits to be set to A = 0 and  
receive B = 1.  
Incoming calls Incoming calls to terminal equipment attached to the  
Lineside T1 card can originate either from stations that are local (served  
by the PBX), or remote (served through the PSTN). To provide the ringing  
signal to a telephone the Lineside T1 card simulates an additional 90V on  
the ring lead to the terminal equipment by alternating the transmit B bit  
between 0 and 1 (0 during ring on, 1 during ring off). When an incoming  
call is answered by the terminal equipment going off-hook, the terminal  
equipment simulates tripping the ringing and shutting off ringing, causing  
the Lineside T1 card’s receive A bit to be changed from 0 to 1.  
Outgoing calls During outgoing calls from the terminal equipment,  
a channel is seized when the station goes off-hook. This simulates a  
low-resistance loop across the tip and ring leads toward the Lineside T1  
card, causing the lineside T1’s receive A bit to be changed from 0 to 1. This  
bit change prepares the Lineside T1 to receive digits. Outward address  
signaling is then applied from the terminal equipment in the form of DTMF  
tones or loop (interrupting) dial pulses that are signaled by the receive A  
bit pulsing between 1 and 0.  
Call disconnect from far end PSTN, private network or local  
Station When a call is in process, the central office may disconnect the  
call from the CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and Meridian 1. If the Lineside T1  
port has been configured with the supervised analog line (SAL) feature,  
the Lineside T1 card responds to the distant end disconnect message by  
momentarily changing its transmit A bit to 1 and then returning it to 0. The  
duration of time that the transmit A bit remains at 1 before returning to 0  
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38 Overview  
depends upon the setting that was configured using the SAL. If the terminal  
equipment is capable of detecting distant end disconnect, it responds by  
changing the Lineside T1 card’s receive A bit to 0 (open loop).The call is  
now terminated and the interface is in the idle (on-hook) state.  
For the Lineside T1 card to support distant end disconnect in loop start  
mode, the following configuration parameters must exist:  
The Supervised Analog Line (SAL) feature must be configured for each  
Lineside T1 port.  
Note: By default, the SAL feature opens the tip side for 750 m/s in  
loop start operation. This is configurable in 10 m/s increments.  
For outgoing trunk calls, the trunk facility must provide far end disconnect  
supervision.  
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating on the  
Lineside T1 card, the battery reversal feature within the SAL software  
must be enabled. Enabling the battery reversal feature does not provide  
battery reversal indication but only provides a momentary interruption of  
the tip ground by asserting the A bit to 1 for the specified duration.  
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls terminating on the  
Lineside T1 card, the hook flash feature within the SAL software must  
be enabled.  
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating and  
terminating on the Lineside T1 card, both the battery reversal and hook  
flash features must be enabled within the SAL software.  
Call disconnect from Lineside T1 terminal equipment Alternatively,  
while a call is in process, the terminal equipment may disconnect by going  
on-hook. The terminal equipment detects no loop current and sends  
signaling to the Lineside T1 card that causes its receive A bit to change  
from 1 to 0. The call is now released.  
lineside T1’s A and B bit settings in each state of call processing.  
Table 3  
Loop Start Call Processing A/B Bit Settings  
Transmit  
Receive  
State  
A
B
A
B
Idle  
0
1
0
1
Incoming Calls:  
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Line cards 39  
Transmit  
Receive  
State  
A
0
0
0
0
B
1
A
0
0
1
1
B
1
1
1
1
Idle  
Ringing is applied from Lineside T1 card  
Terminal equipment goes off-hook  
Lineside T1 card stops ringing  
1/0  
1/0  
1
Outgoing Calls:  
Idle  
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
Terminal equipment goes off-hook  
Call Disconnect from far end:  
Steady state (call in progress)  
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Far end disconnects by dropping loop current and Lineside T1  
card changes Transmit A bit to 1 momentarily.  
Terminal equipment responds causing Receive A bit to change  
to 0.  
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Lineside T1 responds by changing its Transmit A bit to 0. Call is  
terminated and set to idle state.  
Call disconnect from terminal equipment:  
Steady state (call in progress)  
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
Terminal equipment goes on-hook causing the Receive A bit to  
change to 0. Call is terminated and set to idle state.  
Ground Start Mode  
In Ground Start mode, the A and B bits meaning is:  
Transmit from LTI:A bit = Tip ground (0=grounded, 1=not grounded); B  
bit = Ringing (0=on, 1=off)  
Receive to LTI: A bit = Loop (0=open, 1=closed); B bit = Ring ground  
(0=grounded, 1=not grounded)  
When a T1 channel is idle, the Lineside T1 card simulates a ground on the  
tip lead and -48V dc on the ring lead to the terminal equipment by setting  
the transmit A bit to 1 and transmit B bit to 1. Accordingly, an on-hook  
telephone simulates an open loop toward the Lineside T1 card, causing the  
Lineside T1 card’s receive bits to be set to A = 0 and B = 1.  
Incoming Calls Incoming calls to terminal equipment that is connected to  
the Lineside T1 card can originate either from stations that are local (served  
by the PBX), or remote (served through the public switched telephone  
network). To provide the ringing signal to the terminal equipment the  
Lineside T1 card simulates the 90V ring signal on the ring lead by alternating  
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the transmit B bit between 0 and 1 (0 during ring on, 1 during ring off), and  
ground on the tip lead by setting the transmit A bit to 0. When an incoming  
call is answered (by the terminal equipment going off-hook), the terminal  
equipment simulates tripping the ringing and shutting off ringing by causing  
the lineside T1’s receive A bit to change from 0 to 1. The Lineside T1  
card responds to this message by simulating loop closure by holding the  
transmit B bit constant at 1.  
Outgoing Calls During outgoing calls from the terminal equipment, a  
channel is seized when the terminal equipment goes off-hook, simulating a  
ground to the ring lead toward the Lineside T1 card by causing the lineside  
T1’s receive B bit to change from 1 to 0. In turn, the Lineside T1 card  
simulates grounding its tip lead by changing the transmit A bit to 0. The  
terminal equipment responds to this message by removing the ring ground  
(lineside T1’s receive B bit is changed to 1) and simulating open loop at the  
terminal equipment (lineside T1’s receive A bit is changed to 0).  
Call disconnect from far end PSTN, private network or local  
station While a call is in process, the far end might disconnect the call.  
If the Lineside T1 port has been configured with the Supervised Analog  
Line (SAL) feature, the Lineside T1 responds to the distant end disconnect  
message by opening tip ground. This causes the Lineside T1 card to  
change the transmit A bit to 1. When the terminal equipment sees the  
transmit A bit go to 1, it responds by simulating open loop causing the  
lineside T1’s receive A bit to change to 0. The call is terminated and the  
interface is once again in the idle condition.  
For the Lineside T1 card to support distant end disconnect in ground start  
mode, the following configuration parameters must exist:  
The Supervised Analog Line (SAL) feature must be configured for each  
Lineside T1 port.  
Note: By default, the SAL feature opens the tip side for 750 m/s in  
loop start operation. This is configurable in 10 m/s increments.  
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating on the  
Lineside T1 card, the "battery reversal" feature within the SAL software  
must be enabled. Enabling the battery reversal feature does not provide  
battery reversal indication when a call is answered; it only provides  
battery reversal indication when a call is disconnected.  
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls terminating on the  
Lineside T1 card, the "hook flash" feature within the SAL software must  
be enabled.  
In order to detect distant end disconnect for calls originating and  
terminating on the Lineside T1 card, both the "battery reversal" and  
"hook flash" features within the SAL software must be enabled.  
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Line cards 41  
Call disconnect from Lineside T1 terminal equipment Alternatively,  
while a call is in process, the terminal equipment may disconnect by going  
on-hook, causing the lineside T1’s receive A bit to change to 0. The Lineside  
T1 card responds to this message by simulating the removal of ground from  
the tip by changing its transmit A bit to 1. The call is now terminated and  
the interface is once again in the idle condition.  
the lineside T1’s A and B bit settings in each state of call processing.  
Table 4  
Ground Start Call Processing A/B Bit Settings  
Transmit  
Receive  
State  
A
B
A
B
1
1
0
1
Idle  
Incoming Calls (to terminal equipment):  
Idle  
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
Ringing is applied from Lineside T1 card by simulating ground on  
tip lead and ringing on ring lead.  
0/1  
Terminal equipment goes off-hook by simulating ground on tip  
lead and ringing on ring lead.  
0
1
1
0/1  
Outgoing Calls (from terminal equipment):  
Idle  
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
Terminal equipment goes off-hook.  
The Lineside T1 simulates grounding its tip lead  
Terminal equipment opens ring ground and closes loop  
Call Disconnect from far end:  
Steady state (call in progress)  
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
The Lineside T1 ungrounds tip  
Terminal equipment opens loop current  
Call disconnect from terminal equipment:  
Steady state (call in progress)  
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
Terminal equipment goes open loop current  
Lineside T1 card opens tip ground  
Ground Start Restrictions  
If the Lineside T1 card is used in ground start mode, certain restrictions  
should be considered. Because the system treats the Lineside T1 card as  
a standard loop start analog line card, the ground start operation of the  
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Lineside T1 card has operational limitations compared to typical ground  
start interface equipment relating to start of dialing, distant end disconnect  
and glare potential.  
Distant end disconnect restrictions If the SAL feature is not available  
in the CS 1000 software, the Lineside T1 card is not capable of indicating  
to the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) when a call is terminated by  
the distant end. In this case, the Lineside T1 card continues to provide  
a grounded tip indication (A=0) to the CPE until it detects an open loop  
indication (A=0) from the CPE, at which time it provides an open tip  
indication (A=1). Therefore, without SAL software, the Lineside T1 card is  
not capable of initiating the termination of a call to the CPE.  
With the SAL software configured for each Lineside T1 line, the Lineside  
T1 card provides an open tip indication to the CPE when it receives an  
indication of supervised analog line from the system. This provides normal  
ground start protocol call termination.  
Glare restrictions In telephone lines or trunks, glare occurs when a call  
origination attempt results in the answering of a terminating call that is being  
presented by the far end simultaneously with the call origination attempt  
by the near end.  
The Lineside T1 detects presentation of a terminating call (outgoing to  
Lineside T1 terminal equipment) by detecting ringing voltage. If application  
of the ringing voltage is delayed due to traffic volume and ringing generator  
capacity overload, the Lineside T1 ground start operation cannot connect  
the tip side to ground to indicate the line has been seized by the system.  
In ground start mode, glare conditions need to be considered if both  
incoming and outgoing calls to the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) are  
going to be encountered. If the system and the CPE simultaneously attempt  
to use a Lineside T1 line, the system completes the call termination. It  
does not back down and allow the CPE to complete the call origination,  
as in normal ground start operation.  
If both incoming and outgoing calls are to be handled through the Lineside  
T1 interface, separate channels should be configured in the system and  
the CPE for each call direction. This eliminates the possibility of glare  
conditions on call origination.  
Voice frequency audio level  
The digital pad for Lineside T1 card audio level is fixed for all types of  
call connection (0 dB insertion loss in both directions), and differs from  
the analog line. Audio level adjustments, if required, must be made in the  
Lineside T1 terminal equipment.  
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Line cards 43  
Off-premise line protection  
Off-premise applications are installations where the telephone lines are  
extended outside the building where the PBX system is housed, but the lines  
are not connected to public access facilities. This application is commonly  
referred to as a "campus installation."  
In off-premise applications, special protection devices and grounding are  
required to protect PBX and telephone components from any abnormal  
conditions, such as lightning strikes and power line crosses.  
The NT1R20 Off-Premise Station Line card has built-in protection against  
lightning strikes and power line crosses. These should be the preferred  
cards for an off-premise application. Other cards can be used when external  
line protectors are installed.  
When using the Lineside T1 card for an off-premise or network application,  
external line protectors must be installed. Install an isolated type Channel  
Service Unit (CSU) as part of the terminal equipment, to provide the  
necessary isolation and outside line protection. The CSU should be an  
FCC part 68 or CSA certified unit.  
Line protectors  
Line protectors are voltage-absorbing devices that are installed at the  
cross-connect terminals at both the main building and the remote building.  
The use of line protectors ensure that system and telephone components  
are not damaged from accidental voltages that are within the limit of the  
capacity of the protection device. Absolute protection from lightning strikes  
and other stray voltages cannot be guaranteed, but the use of line protection  
devices significantly reduces the possibility of damage.  
Nortel has tested line protection devices from three manufacturers. See  
manufacturer offers devices for protection of digital as well as analog  
telephone lines.  
Table 5  
Line protection device ordering information  
Device order code  
Analog Line  
Digital Line  
Manufacturer  
UP2S-235  
UP2S-75  
ITW Linx Communication  
201 Scott Street  
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007  
(708) 952-8844 or (800) 336-5469  
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Device order code  
Analog Line Digital Line  
Manufacturer  
6AP  
6DP  
Oneac Corporation  
27944 North Bradley Road  
Libertyville, IL 60048-9700  
(800) 553-7166 or (800) 327-8801 x555  
ESP-200  
ESP-050  
EDCO Inc. of Florida  
1805 N.E. 19th Avenue  
P.O. Box 1778  
Ocala, FL 34478  
(904) 732-3029 or (800) 648-4076  
These devices are compatible with 66 type M1-50 split blocks or equivalent.  
Consult the device manufacturer if more specific compatibility information  
is required.  
Line protection grounding  
In conjunction with line protectors, proper system (PBX) grounding is  
essential to minimize equipment damage. Nortel recommends following the  
grounding connection requirements as described in Communication Server  
1000M and Meridian 1 Large System Installation and Commissioning. This  
requirement includes connecting the ground for the protection devices to  
the approved building earth ground reference. Any variances to these  
grounding requirements could limit the functionality of the protection device.  
Line and telephone components  
Because testing of the line protectors was limited to the line cards and  
telephones shown below, only these components should be used for  
off-premise installations.  
Telephones  
Meridian Modular Telephones (digital)  
Meridian Digital Telephones  
Standard analog (500/2500-type) telephones  
Line cards  
NT1R20 Off-Premise Station Line card  
NT8D02 Digital Line card  
Trunk cards  
The following trunk cards are designed using the IPE architecture, and are  
recommended for use in all new system designs.  
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Trunk cards 45  
Each of the trunk cards was designed to fit a specific system need. Use  
Table 6 "Trunk card characteristics" (page 45) to select the trunk card that  
meets system needs.  
Table 6  
Trunk card characteristics  
Part  
Number  
Trun  
ks  
Architect  
ure  
Description  
Trunk Types  
8
NT8D14  
Universal Trunk card  
CO/FX/WATS trunks*,  
direct inward dial trunks,  
TIE trunks,  
IPE  
Loop Dial Repeating trunks  
Recorded Announcement  
trunks,  
Paging trunks  
4
8
NT8D15  
NTCK16  
E and M Trunk card  
2-wire E and M Trunks,  
4-wire E and M Trunks,  
4-wire DX trunks,  
IPE  
IPE  
Paging trunks  
Generic Central Office Trunk  
card  
CO trunks  
* Central office (CO), Foreign Exchange (FX), and Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) trunks.  
NT8D14 Universal Trunk card  
The NT8D14 Universal Trunk card is an intelligent four-channel trunk card  
that is designed to be used in a variety of applications. It supports the  
following five trunk types:  
Central office (CO), Foreign Exchange (FEX), and Wide Area Telephone  
Service (WATS) trunks  
Direct Inward Dial (DID) trunks  
TIE trunks: two-way Loop Dial Repeating (LDR) and two-way loop  
Outgoing Automatic Incoming Dial (OAID)  
Recorded Announcement (RAN) trunks  
Paging (PAG) trunks  
The universal trunk card also supports Music, Automatic Wake Up, and  
Direct Inward System Access (DISA) features.  
NT8D15 E and M Trunk card  
The NT8D15 E and M Trunk card is an intelligent four-channel trunk card  
that is designed to be used when connecting to the following types of trunks:  
2-wire E and M Type I signaling trunks  
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4-wire E and M Trunks with:  
Type I or Type II signaling  
— Duplex (DX) signaling  
Paging (PAG) trunks  
The trunk type and function can be configured on a per port basis. Dialing  
outpulsing is provided on the card. Make and break ratios are defined in  
software and downloaded by software commands.  
NTCK16 Generic Central Office Trunk card  
The NTCK16 generic central office trunk cards support up to eight analog  
central office trunks. They can be installed in any IPE slot that supports IPE.  
The cards are available with or without the Periodic Pulse Metering (PPM)  
feature. The cards are also available in numerous countries.  
Installation  
This section provides a high-level description of how to install and test  
trunk cards.  
IPE trunk cards can be installed in any IPE slot of the NT8D37 IPE module.  
47) shows where an IPE trunk card can be installed in an NT8D37 IPE  
module.  
When installing trunk cards, these general procedures should be used:  
Procedure 1  
Installing a trunk card  
Step Action  
1
2
Configure the jumpers and switches on the trunk card (if any) to  
meet the system needs.  
Install the trunk card into the selected slot.  
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Operation 47  
Figure 10  
IPE trunk cards installed in an NT8D37 IPE module  
3
4
5
6
Install the cable that connects the backplane connector on the IPE  
module to the module I/O panel.  
Connect a 25-pair cable from the module I/O panel connector to the  
Main Distribution Frame (MDF).  
Connect the trunk card output to the selected terminal equipment  
at the MDF.  
Configure the individual trunk interface unit using the Trunk  
Administration program (LD 14) and the Trunk Route Administration  
program (LD 16).  
—End—  
Once these steps are complete, the trunk card is ready for use.  
Operation  
This section describes how trunk cards fit into the CS 1000E, CS 1000M,  
and Meridian 1 architecture, the buses that carry signals to and from the  
trunk cards, and how they connect to terminal equipment. See Table 7  
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Host interface bus  
Cards based on the IPE bus use a built-in microcontroller. The IPE  
microcontroller is used for the following:  
to perform local diagnostics (self-test)  
to configure the card according to instructions issued by the system  
processor  
to report back to the system processor information such as card  
identification (type, vintage, and serial number), firmware version, and  
programmed configuration status.  
Table 7  
Differences between IPE parameters  
Parameter  
IPE  
Card Dimensions  
Network Interface  
Communication Interface  
Microcontroller  
31.75 x 25.4 x 2.2 cm. (12.5 x10.0 x 0.875 in.)  
DS-30X Loops  
card LAN Link  
8031  
Peripheral Interface card  
Network Interface card  
Modules  
NT8D01 Controller card  
NT8D04 Superloop Network card  
NT8D37 IPE module  
Intelligent Peripheral Equipment  
IPE trunk cards all share a similar architecture. Figure 11 "Typical IPE trunk  
card architecture" (page 49) shows a typical IPE trunk card architecture.  
The various trunk cards differ only in the number and types of trunk interface  
units.  
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Operation 49  
Figure 11  
Typical IPE trunk card architecture  
The switch communicates with IPE modules over two separate interfaces.  
Voice and signaling data are sent and received over DS-30X loops and  
maintenance data is sent over a separate asynchronous communication  
link called the card LAN link.  
Signaling data is information directly related to the operation of the  
telephone line. Some examples of signaling commands are as follows:  
off hook/on hook  
ringing signal on/off  
message waiting lamp on/off  
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50 Overview  
Maintenance data is data relating to the configuration and operation of  
the IPE card, and is carried on the card LAN link. Some examples of  
maintenance data are as follows:  
polling  
reporting of self-test status  
CPU initiated card reset  
reporting of card ID (card type and hardware vintage)  
reporting of firmware version  
downloading trunk interface unit configuration  
reporting of trunk interface unit configuration  
enabling/disabling of the DS-30X network loop bus  
reporting of card status  
DS-30X loops The interfaces provided by the line and trunk cards connect  
to conventional 2-wire (tip and ring) line facilities. IPE analog line and  
trunk cards convert the incoming analog voice and signaling information to  
digital form, and route it to the Common Equipment (CE) CPU over DS-30X  
network loops. Conversely, digital voice and signaling information from the  
CPU is sent over DS-30X network loops to the analog line and trunk cards  
where it is converted to analog form and applied to the line or trunk facility.  
IPE digital line cards receive the data from the digital phone terminal as  
512 kHz Time Compressed Multiplexed (TCM) data. The digital line card  
converts that data to a format compatible with the DS-30X loop, and  
transmits it in the next available timeslot. When a word is received from  
the DS-30X loop, the digital line card converts it to the TCM format and  
transmits it to the digital phone terminal over the digital line facility.  
A separate dedicated DS-30X network loop is extended between each  
IPE line/trunk card and the controller cards within an IPE module (or the  
controller circuits on a network/DTR card in a CE module). A DS-30X  
network loop is composed of two synchronous serial data buses. One bus  
transports in the transmit (Tx) direction toward the line facility and the other  
in the receive (Rx) direction toward the common equipment.  
Each bus has 32 channels for pulse code modulated (PCM) voice data.  
Each channel consists of a 10-bit word. See Figure 12 "DS-30X loop data  
Eight of the 10 bits are for PCM data, one bit is the call signaling bit, and  
the last bit is a data valid bit. The 8-bit PCM portion of a channel is called a  
timeslot . The DS-30X loop is clocked at 2.56 Mbps (one-half the 5.12 MHz  
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Operation 51  
clock frequency supplied by the controller card). The timeslot repetition rate  
for a single channel is 8 kHz. The controller card also supplies a locally  
generated 1 kHz frame sync signal for channel synchronization.  
Signaling data is transmitted to and from the line cards using the call  
signaling bit within the 10-bit channel. When the line card detects a  
condition that the switch needs to know about, it creates a 24-bit signaling  
word. This word is shifted out on the signaling bit for the associated channel  
one bit at a time during 24 successive DS-30X frames. Conversely, when  
the switch sends signaling data to the line card, it is sent as a 24-bit word  
divided among 24 successive DS-30X frames.  
Figure 12  
DS-30X loop data format  
DS-30Y network loops extend between controller cards and superloop  
network cards in the common equipment, and function in a manner similar  
Essentially, a DS-30Y loop carries the PCM timeslot traffic of a DS-30X  
loop. Four DS-30Y network loops form a superloop with a capacity of 128  
channels (120 usable timeslots).  
See Communication Server 1000M and Meridian 1 Large System Planning  
and Engineering (NN43021-220) for more information on superloops.  
Card LAN link Maintenance communication is the exchange of control  
and status data between IPE line or trunk cards and the CE CPU by way of  
the NT8D01 Controller Card. Maintenance data is transported via the card  
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52 Overview  
LAN link. This link is composed of two asynchronous serial buses (called  
(page 49)). The output bus is used by the controller for output of control  
data to the trunk card.The input bus is used by the controller for input of  
trunk card status data.  
Figure 13  
Network connections to IPE modules  
A card LAN link bus is common to all of the line/trunk card slots within an  
IPE module (or IPE section of a CE module). This bus is arranged in a  
master/slave configuration where the controller card is the master and all  
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Operation 53  
other cards are slaves. The module backplane provides each line/trunk card  
slot with a unique hardwired slot address. This slot address enables a slave  
card to respond when addressed by the controller card. The controller card  
communicates with only one slave at a time.  
In normal operation, the controller card continually scans (polls) all of the  
slave cards connected to the card LAN to monitor their presence and  
operational status. The slave card sends replies to the controller on the  
input bus along with its card slot address for identification. In this reply, the  
slave informs the controller if any change in card status has taken place.  
The controller can then prompt the slave for specific information. Slaves  
only respond when prompted by the controller; they do not initiate exchange  
of control or status data on their own.  
When an IPE line or trunk card is first plugged into the backplane, it runs  
a self-test. When the self test is completed, a properly functioning card  
responds to the next controller card poll with the self-test status. The  
controller then queries for card identification and other status information.  
The controller then downloads all applicable configuration data to the  
line/trunk card, initializes it, and puts it into an operational mode.  
The network card regularly polls the IPE cards during TS0 to see if any  
of them has a message to be sent. When an IPE card has a message  
waiting it responds to the poll by sending a series of 1s during the next five  
successive timeslot 0s. The network card responds by sending a "message  
send enable" message (all 1s). The IPE card replies by sending 1, 1, 1, 0,  
and then the message in successive timeslot 0s.  
Trunk interface unit  
Once the 8-bit digital voice signal has been received by the trunk card, it  
must be converted back into an analog signal, filtered, and driven onto the  
analog trunk line through an impedance matching and balance network.  
The trunk interface also includes the logic necessary to place outgoing call  
signaling onto the trunk, or the logic to connect to special services such as  
recorded announcement and paging equipment.  
typical example of the logic that performs these functions. Each part of the  
trunk interface unit is discussed in the following section.  
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54 Overview  
Figure 14  
Typical trunk interface unit block diagram  
Coder/Decoder circuit The coder/decoder (codec) performs Analog  
to Digital (A/D) and Digital to Analog (D/A) conversion of the line analog  
voiceband signal to and from a digital PCM signal. This signal can be coded  
and decoded using either the A-Law or the µ-Law companding algorithm.  
On some trunk cards the decoding algorithm depends of the type of codec  
installed when the board is built. On others, it is an option selected using a  
software overlay.  
Variable gain filters Audio signals received from the analog phone trunk  
are passed through a low-pass A/D monolithic filter that limits the frequency  
spread of the input signal to a nominal 200–3400 Hz bandwidth. The audio  
signal is then applied to the input of the codec. Audio signals coming  
from the CODEC are passed through a low-pass A/D monolithic filter that  
integrates the amplitude modulated pulses coming from the CODEC, and  
then filters and amplifies the result.  
On some of the trunk cards, the gain of these filters can be programmed  
by the system controller. This allows the system to make up for line losses  
according to the loss plan.  
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Serial Data Interface (SDI) cards 55  
Balancing network Depending on the card type, the balancing network is  
capable of providing either a 600 ohm or a 900 ohm (or both) impedance  
matching network. It also converts the 2-wire transmission path (tip and  
ring) to a 4-wire transmission path (Rx/ground and Tx/ground). The  
balancing network is a transformer/analog (hybrid) circuit combination.  
Signaling circuits Signaling circuits are relays that place outgoing call  
signaling onto the trunk. Signal detection circuits monitor the incoming  
call signaling.  
Control signals Control signals and logic are provided when the trunk is  
going to be connected to special services such as recorded announcement  
and paging equipment.  
Serial Data Interface (SDI) cards  
The NT8D41BA QSDI paddle board provides four bidirectional  
asynchronous serial ports for the system processor, and the QPC841 QSDI  
card also provides four. Any device that conforms to the RS-232-C serial  
communication standard can be connected to these serial ports.  
The QPC513 ESDI card provides two fully synchronous serial ports for the  
system processor. The ESDI card communicates using the Link Access  
Procedure Balanced (LAP-B) synchronous communication protocol.  
The electrical interface uses either standard RS-232-C signals or a special  
high-speed interface that combines the high-speed differential interface  
of the RS-422-A standard with the handshake signals of the RS-232-C  
standard.  
The RS-232-C interface is normally used when data rates are less than 19.2  
Kbps, and the cable length is less than 15.24 m (50 ft). The high-speed  
interface is used when the signal rates are greater than 19.2 kbps (up to 64  
kbps) and/or when the cable length is greater than 15.24 m (50 ft).  
the three SDI cards and the various switch options.  
Table 8  
Serial data interface cards  
Compatible System Options  
Ports  
Port types  
Card  
51C, 61C  
81C  
4
NT8D41BA  
RS-232-C asynchronous  
X
X
*See the section on the QPC513 card in this manual for details on the high-speed interface  
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56 Overview  
Compatible System Options  
Ports  
Port types  
Card  
51C, 61C  
81C  
X
4
2
QPC841  
QPC513  
RS-232-C asynchronous  
X
X
RS-232-C synchronous or  
high-speed synchronous*  
X
*See the section on the QPC513 card in this manual for details on the high-speed interface  
The NT8D41BA QSDI paddle board does not use a front panel. It mounts to  
the rear of the backplane in the NT5D21 Core/Network module, and does  
not consume a module slot. The RS-232-C connections are brought out  
through special cables to the backplane I/O panel.  
The QPC841 Quad SDI card mounts in standard backplane slots and its  
serial interface connectors are located on the card front panels. A list of the  
modules that can be mounted in is given in the section on the individual card.  
Uses  
Examples of asynchronous devices that can be connected to the system  
processor using the NT8D41BA QSDI paddle board and the QPC841 Quad  
SDI card are:  
an administration and maintenance terminal  
a background terminal for use in a hotel/motel  
the Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) feature  
the Call Detail Recording (CDR) feature  
Examples of synchronous devices that can be connected to the system  
processor using the QPC513 Enhanced SDI card are:  
a host computer (DEC, Tandem, for example) using the Meridian Link  
communication program  
Features  
The NT8D41 QSDI paddle board and the QPC841 QSDI card provide the  
following features:  
asynchronous serial data interface ports, each supporting  
— RS-232-C interface  
— 8–bit ASCII data with parity and stop bit  
— Asynchronous, start-stop operation  
— Data rates of 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600 baud  
— Data terminal equipment (DTE) emulation mode  
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Serial Data Interface (SDI) cards 57  
— Data communication equipment (DCE) emulation mode  
enable/disable switch and LED  
input/output (I/O) device address selectable by on-board switches.  
The QPC513 ESDI card provides these features:  
fully synchronous serial data interface ports, each supporting  
— RS-232-C or modified RS-422-A interface  
— LAPB subset of the HDLC synchronous protocol  
— Data rates of 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 48000, 56000, and  
64000 baud  
— Data terminal equipment (DTE) emulation mode  
— Data communication equipment (DCE) emulation mode  
enable/disable switch and LED  
input/output (I/O) device address selectable by on-board switches.  
Specifications  
This section lists the specifications shared by all of the SDI cards. See  
the appropriate section in this document for information specific to any  
particular card.  
Power consumption  
The SDI cards obtain their power directly from the module backplane. Power  
consumption for each of the cards is shown in Table 9 "Power consumption"  
Table 9  
Power consumption  
Maximum power consumption  
NT8D41BA  
1.0 Amp  
100 mA  
Voltage  
QPC841  
1.5 Amp  
100 mA  
100 mA  
+5 VDC ±5%  
+12 VDC ±5%  
–12 VDC ±5%  
100 mA  
Environmental  
The SDI cards operate without degradation under the conditions listed in  
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Table 10  
Environmental specifications  
Specification  
Operation  
Storage  
Ambient temperature  
0 to 50 C;  
(32 to 122 F)  
–55 to +70 C;  
(–58 to 158 F)  
5% to 95%  
0% to 95%  
Relative humidity  
(non-condensing)  
3500m;  
15000m;  
Altitude  
(11000 ft)  
(50000 ft)  
Electrostatic discharge  
The SDI cards meet the requirements of the IEC 801-2, clause 8.0  
procedure. They can withstand a direct discharge of ±5 to ±20 kV without  
being damaged.  
Electromagnetic interference  
The CS 1000E, CS 1000M, and Meridian 1 systems meet the requirements  
of FCC Part 15 and CSA C108.8 electromagnetic interference (EMI)  
standards as a class "A" computing device. To accomplish this, the SDI  
cables must exit the module through EMI filters on the I/O panel.  
Reliability  
The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) for all SDI cards is 55 years at  
40¡C and 29 years at 55¡C.  
Installation  
To use a serial data interface card in a CS 1000E, CS 1000M, or Meridian 1  
system, first install the card in the system, and then configure the system  
software to recognize it. These steps are discussed in the following sections.  
Instructions for cabling the serial data interface cards to the various system  
consoles and peripherals are found in Communication Server 1000M and  
Meridian 1 Large System Installation and Configuration (NN43021-310).  
Configuring the system software  
Once an SDI card has been installed in the system, the system software  
needs to be configured to recognize it. This is done using the Configuration  
Record program LD 17. Instructions for the Configuration Record  
program are found in Software Input/Output Reference — Administration  
(NN43001-611).  
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