MPE3xxxAH
DISK DRIVES
PRODUCT MANUAL
C141-E090-02EN
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PREFACE
This manual describes the MPE3xxxAH series, a 3.5-inch hard disk drive with a BUILT-IN controller
that is compatible with the ATA interface.
This manual explains, in detail, how to incorporate the hard disk drives into user systems.
This manual assumes that users have a basic knowledge of hard disk drives and their application in
computer systems.
This manual consists of the following six chapters:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
DEVICE OVERVIEW
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
INSTALLATION CONDITIONS
THEORY OF DEVICE OPERATION
INTERFACE
OPERATIONS
In this manual, disk drives may be referred to as drives or devices.
C141-E090-01EN
iii
Conventions for Alert Messages
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert message consists of
an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists of an alert symbol and a signal word or
just a signal word.
The following are the alert signals and their meanings:
This indicates a hazarous situation likely to result in serious personal
injury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly.
This indicates a hazarous situation could result in personal injury if the
user does not perform the porocedure correctly.
This indicates a hazarous situation could result in minor or moderate
personal injury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly.
This alert signal also indicates that damages to the product or other
property, may occur if the user does not perform the procedure
correctly.
This indicates information that could help the user use the product more
efficiently.
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message. A wider line space
precedes and follows the alert message to show where the alert message begins and ends. The
following is an example:
(Example)
IMPORTANT
HA (host adapter) consists of address decoder, driver, and receiver.
ATA is an abbreviation of "AT attachment". The disk drive is
conformed to the ATA-4 interface
The main alert messages in the text are also listed in the “Important Alert Items.”
iv
C141-E090-01EN
LIABILITY EXCEPTION
"Disk drive defects" refers to defects that involve adjustment, repair, or replacement.
Fujitsu is not liable for any other disk drive defects, such as those caused by user misoperation or
mishandling, inappropriate operating environments, defects in the power supply or cable, problems of
the host system, or other causes outside the disk drive.
C141-E090-01EN
v
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CONTENTS
page
CHAPTER 1 DEVICE OVERVIEW ................................................................................... 1 - 1
1.1 Features .......................................................................................................................... 1 - 1
1.1.1 Functions and performance ............................................................................................ 1 - 1
1.1.2 Adaptability.................................................................................................................... 1 - 2
1.1.3 Interface.......................................................................................................................... 1 - 2
1.2
Device Specifications ..................................................................................................... 1 - 4
1.2.1 Specifications summary.................................................................................................. 1 - 4
1.2.2 Model and product number ............................................................................................ 1 - 5
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Power Requirements....................................................................................................... 1 - 5
Environmental Specifications......................................................................................... 1 - 8
Acoustic Noise ............................................................................................................... 1 - 8
Shock and Vibration....................................................................................................... 1 - 9
Reliability....................................................................................................................... 1 - 9
Error Rate ....................................................................................................................... 1 - 10
Media Defects................................................................................................................. 1 - 10
CHAPTER 2 DEVICE CONFIGURATION ....................................................................... 2 - 1
2.1
2.2
Device Configuration ..................................................................................................... 2 - 1
System Configuration..................................................................................................... 2 - 3
2.2.1 ATA interface................................................................................................................. 2 - 3
2.2.2 1 drive connection .......................................................................................................... 2 - 3
2.2.3 2 drives connection......................................................................................................... 2 - 3
CHAPTER 3 INSTALLATION CONDITIONS ................................................................. 3 - 1
3.1
3.2
3.3
Dimensions..................................................................................................................... 3 - 1
Mounting........................................................................................................................ 3 - 3
Cable Connections.......................................................................................................... 3 - 7
3.3.1 Device connector............................................................................................................ 3 - 7
3.3.2 Cable connector specifications ....................................................................................... 3 - 8
3.3.3 Device connection .......................................................................................................... 3 - 8
3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1) ...................................................................................... 3 - 9
3.3.5 System configuration for Ultra DMA............................................................................. 3 - 9
C141-E090-01EN
vii
3.4
Jumper Settings .............................................................................................................. 3 - 12
3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers ............................................................................................ 3 - 12
3.4.2 Factory default setting .................................................................................................... 3 - 13
3.4.3 Jumper configuration...................................................................................................... 3 - 13
CHAPTER 4 THEORY OF DEVICE OPERATION ......................................................... 4 - 1
4.1
4.2
Outline............................................................................................................................ 4 - 1
Subassemblies ................................................................................................................ 4 - 1
4.2.1 Disk ................................................................................................................................ 4 - 1
4.2.2 Head ............................................................................................................................... 4 - 2
4.2.3 Spindle............................................................................................................................ 4 - 2
4.2.4 Actuator.......................................................................................................................... 4 - 2
4.2.5 Air filter.......................................................................................................................... 4 - 3
4.3
4.4
4.5
Circuit Configuration...................................................................................................... 4 - 4
Power-on Sequence ........................................................................................................ 4 - 6
Self-calibration ............................................................................................................... 4 - 8
4.5.1 Self-calibration contents ................................................................................................. 4 - 8
4.5.2 Execution timing of self-calibration ............................................................................... 4 - 9
4.5.3 Command processing during self-calibration ................................................................. 4 - 9
4.6
Read/write Circuit........................................................................................................... 4 - 10
4.6.1 Read/write preamplifier (PreAMP)................................................................................. 4 - 10
4.6.2 Write circuit.................................................................................................................... 4 - 10
4.6.3 Read circuit..................................................................................................................... 4 - 11
4.6.4 Synthesizer circuit .......................................................................................................... 4 - 12
4.7
Servo Control ................................................................................................................. 4 - 12
4.7.1 Servo control circuit ....................................................................................................... 4 - 13
4.7.2 Data-surface servo format............................................................................................... 4 - 16
4.7.3 Servo frame format......................................................................................................... 4 - 16
4.7.4 Actuator motor control ................................................................................................... 4 - 18
4.7.5 Spindle motor control..................................................................................................... 4 - 19
CHAPTER 5 INTERFACE................................................................................................... 5 - 1
5.1
Physical Interface ........................................................................................................... 5 - 2
5.1.1 Interface signals.............................................................................................................. 5 - 2
5.1.2 Signal assignment on the connector ............................................................................... 5 - 3
5.2
Logical Interface............................................................................................................. 5 - 6
viii
C141-E090-01EN
5.2.1 I/O registers .................................................................................................................... 5 - 6
5.2.2 Command block registers............................................................................................... 5 - 8
5.2.3 Control block registers ................................................................................................... 5 - 13
5.3
Host Commands ............................................................................................................. 5 - 13
5.3.1 Command code and parameters...................................................................................... 5 - 14
5.3.2 Command descriptions................................................................................................... 5 - 16
5.3.3 Error posting................................................................................................................... 5 - 66
5.4
Command Protocol......................................................................................................... 5 - 67
5.4.1 Data transferring commands from device to host ........................................................... 5 - 67
5.4.2 Data transferring commands from host to device ........................................................... 5 - 69
5.4.3 Commands without data transfer.................................................................................... 5 - 71
5.4.4 Other commands............................................................................................................. 5 - 72
5.4.5 DMA data transfer commands........................................................................................ 5 - 72
5.5
Ultra DMA feature set .................................................................................................... 5 - 74
5.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 5 - 74
5.5.2 Phases of operation......................................................................................................... 5 - 75
5.5.3 Ultra DMA data in commands........................................................................................ 5 - 75
5.5.3.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst............................................................................. 5 - 75
5.5.3.2 The data in transfer......................................................................................................... 5 - 76
5.5.3.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst............................................................................... 5 - 76
5.5.3.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst........................................................................ 5 - 77
5.5.4 Ultra DMA data out commands...................................................................................... 5 - 79
5.5.4.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst........................................................................... 5 - 79
5.5.4.2 The data out transfer....................................................................................................... 5 - 80
5.5.4.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst............................................................................. 5 - 80
5.5.4.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst...................................................................... 5 - 81
5.5.5 Ultra DMA CRC rules.................................................................................................... 5 - 83
5.5.6 Series termination required for Ultra DMA .................................................................... 5 - 84
5.6
Timing............................................................................................................................ 5 - 85
5.6.1 PIO data transfer............................................................................................................. 5 - 85
5.6.2 Multiword data transfer .................................................................................................. 5 - 86
5.6.3 Ultra DMA data transfer................................................................................................. 5 - 87
5.6.3.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst............................................................................. 5 - 87
5.6.3.2 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements .................................................................... 5 - 88
5.6.3.3 Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst................................................................................. 5 - 90
5.6.3.4 Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst ...................................................................... 5 - 91
C141-E090-01EN
ix
5.6.3.5 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst............................................................. 5 - 92
5.6.3.6 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst................................................................. 5 - 93
5.6.3.7 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst........................................................................... 5 - 94
5.6.3.8 Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst............................................................................... 5 - 95
5.6.3.9 Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst................................................................. 5 - 96
5.6.3.10 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst............................................................... 5 - 97
5.6.3.11 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst............................................................. 5 - 98
5.6.4 Power-on and reset ......................................................................................................... 5 - 99
CHAPTER 6 OPERATIONS ................................................................................................ 6 - 1
6.1
Device Response to the Reset......................................................................................... 6 - 1
6.1.1 Response to power-on .................................................................................................... 6 - 2
6.1.2 Response to hardware reset ............................................................................................ 6 - 3
6.1.3 Response to software reset.............................................................................................. 6 - 4
6.1.4 Response to diagnostic command .................................................................................. 6 - 5
6.2
Address Translation........................................................................................................ 6 - 6
6.2.1 Default parameters.......................................................................................................... 6 - 6
6.2.2 Logical address............................................................................................................... 6 - 7
6.3
Power Save..................................................................................................................... 6 - 8
6.3.1 Power save mode............................................................................................................ 6 - 8
6.3.2 Power commands ........................................................................................................... 6 - 10
6.4
Defect Management........................................................................................................ 6 - 10
6.4.1 Spare area ....................................................................................................................... 6 - 11
6.4.2 Alternating defective sectors .......................................................................................... 6 - 11
6.5
Read-Ahead Cache ......................................................................................................... 6 - 13
6.5.1 Data buffer configuration ............................................................................................... 6 - 13
6.5.2 Caching operation........................................................................................................... 6 - 14
6.5.3 Usage of read segment.................................................................................................... 6 - 15
6.6
Write Cache.................................................................................................................... 6 - 20
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C141-E090-01EN
FIGURES
page
1.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
Current fluctuation (Typ.) when power is turned on....................................................... 1 - 7
Disk drive outerview ...................................................................................................... 2 - 1
1 drive system configuration .......................................................................................... 2 - 3
2 drives configuration..................................................................................................... 2 - 3
Dimensions..................................................................................................................... 3 - 2
Orientation...................................................................................................................... 3 - 3
Limitation of side-mounting........................................................................................... 3 - 4
Mounting frame structure ............................................................................................... 3 - 4
Surface temperature measurement points ....................................................................... 3 - 5
Service area .................................................................................................................... 3 - 6
Connector locations........................................................................................................ 3 - 7
Cable connections........................................................................................................... 3 - 8
Power supply connector pins (CN1)............................................................................... 3 - 9
Cable configuration ........................................................................................................ 3 - 10
Cable type detection using CBLID- signal
(Host sensing the condition of the CBLID- signal) ........................................................ 3 - 11
3.12
Cable type detection using IDENTIFY DEVICE data
(Device sensing the condition of the CBLID- signal)..................................................... 3 - 11
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
4.1
Jumper location .............................................................................................................. 3 - 12
Factory default setting .................................................................................................... 3 - 13
Jumper setting of master or slave device ........................................................................ 3 - 13
Jumper setting of Cable Select ....................................................................................... 3 - 14
Example (1) of Cable Select ........................................................................................... 3 - 14
Example (2) of Cable Select ........................................................................................... 3 - 14
Head structure................................................................................................................. 4 - 2
MPE3xxxAH Block diagram.......................................................................................... 4 - 5
Power-on operation sequence......................................................................................... 4 - 7
Block diagram of servo control circuit ........................................................................... 4 - 13
Physical sector servo configuration on disk surface ....................................................... 4 - 14
72 servo frames in each track ......................................................................................... 4 - 17
Execution example of READ MULTIPLE command .................................................... 5 - 19
Read Sector(s) command protocol.................................................................................. 5 - 68
Protocol for command abort........................................................................................... 5 - 69
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
5.1
5.2
5.3
C141-E090-01EN
xi
5.4
WRITE SECTOR(S) command protocol........................................................................ 5 - 70
Protocol for the command execution without data transfer ............................................ 5 - 71
Normal DMA data transfer............................................................................................. 5 - 73
Ultra DMA termination with pull-up or pull-down ........................................................ 5 - 84
PIO data transfer timing.................................................................................................. 5 - 85
Multiword DMA data transfer timing (mode 2) ............................................................. 5 - 86
Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst............................................................................. 5 - 87
Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst................................................................................. 5 - 90
Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst ...................................................................... 5 - 91
Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst............................................................. 5 - 92
Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst................................................................. 5 - 93
Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst........................................................................... 5 - 94
Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst............................................................................... 5 - 95
Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst................................................................. 5 - 96
Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst............................................................... 5 - 97
Device terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst........................................................... 5 - 98
Power-on Reset Timing.................................................................................................. 5 - 99
Response to power-on .................................................................................................... 6 - 2
Response to hardware reset ............................................................................................ 6 - 3
Response to software reset.............................................................................................. 6 - 4
Response to diagnostic command .................................................................................. 6 - 5
Address translation (example in CHS mode).................................................................. 6 - 7
Address translation (example in LBA mode) ................................................................. 6 - 8
Sector slip processing..................................................................................................... 6 - 11
Alternate cylinder assignment ........................................................................................ 6 - 12
Data buffer configuration ............................................................................................... 6 - 13
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
xii
C141-E090-01EN
TABLES
page
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
Specifications ................................................................................................................. 1 - 4
Model names and product numbers................................................................................ 1 - 5
Current and power dissipation........................................................................................ 1 - 6
Environmental specifications.......................................................................................... 1 - 8
Acoustic noise specification ........................................................................................... 1 - 8
Shock and vibration specification................................................................................... 1 - 9
Surface temperature measurement points and standard values ....................................... 3 - 5
Cable connector specifications ....................................................................................... 3 - 8
Self-calibration execution timechart ............................................................................... 4 - 9
Write clock frequency and transfer rate of each zone ..................................................... 4 - 12
Interface signals.............................................................................................................. 5 - 2
Signal assignment on the interface connector................................................................. 5 - 3
I/O registers .................................................................................................................... 5 - 7
Command code and parameters...................................................................................... 5 - 14
Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command ............................................ 5 - 30
Features register values and settable modes ................................................................... 5 - 35
Diagnostic code .............................................................................................................. 5 - 39
Features Register values (subcommands) and functions ................................................ 5 - 49
Format of device attribute value data.............................................................................. 5 - 51
Format of insurance failure threshold value data............................................................ 5 - 52
Contents of security password........................................................................................ 5 - 56
Contents of SECURITY SET PASSWORD data ........................................................... 5 - 61
Relationship between combination of Identifier and Security level,
and operation of the lock function.................................................................................. 5 - 61
5.14
5.15
5.16
6.1
Command code and parameters...................................................................................... 5 - 66
Recommended series termination for Ultra DMA .......................................................... 5 - 84
Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements .................................................................... 5 - 88
Default parameters.......................................................................................................... 6 - 6
C141-E090-01EN
xiii
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CHAPTER 1
DEVICE OVERVIEW
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Features
Device Specifications
Power Requirements
Environmental Specifications
Acoustic Noise
Shock and Vibration
Reliability
Error Rate
Media Defects
Overview and features are described in this chapter, and specifications and power requirement are
described.
The MPE3xxxAH series are a 3.5-inch hard disk drive with a built-in ATA controller. The disk drive is
compact and reliable.
1.1
Features
1.1.1
(1)
Functions and performance
Compact
The disk has 2, 3 or 4 disks of 95 mm (3.5 inches) diameter, and its height is 26.1 mm (1
inch).
(2)
(3)
Large capacity
The disk drive can record up to 6.83 GB (formatted) on one disk using the 48/51 EPR4ML
recording method and 15 recording zone technology. The MPE3xxxAH series have a
formatted capacity of 10.24 GB to 27.32 GB respectively.
High-speed Transfer rate
The disk drive has an internal data rate up to 40.7 MB/s. The disk drive supports an external
data rate up to 16.7 MB/s or 66.6 MB/s (ultra DMA mode 4).
C141-E090-01EN
1 - 1
(4)
Average positioning time
Use of a rotary voice coil motor in the head positioning mechanism greatly increases the
positioning speed. The average positioning time is 8.5 ms (at read).
1.1.2
Adaptability
(1)
Power save mode
The power save mode feature for idle operation, stand by and sleep modes makes the disk
drive ideal for applications where power consumption is a factor.
(2)
(3)
Wide temperature range
The disk drive can be used over a wide temperature range (5°C to 55°C).
Low noise and vibration
In Ready status, the noise of the disk drive is only about 3.8 bels (MPE3273AH, Typical
Sound Power per ISO7779 and ISO9296).
1.1.3
Interface
(1)
Connection to interface
With the built-in ATA interface controller, the disk drive can be connected to an ATA
interface of a personal computer.
(2)
(3)
2MB data buffer
The disk drive uses a 2MB data buffer to transfer data between the host and the disk media.
In combination with the read-ahead cache system described in item (3) and the write cache
described in item (6), the buffer contributes to efficient I/O processing.
Read-ahead cache system
After the execution of a disk read command, the disk drive automatically reads the subsequent
data block and writes it to the data buffer (read ahead operation). This cache system enables
fast data access. The next disk read command would normally cause another disk access.
But, if the read ahead data corresponds to the data requested by the next read command, the
data in the buffer can be transferred instead.
(4)
Master/slave
The disk drive can be connected to ATA interface as daisy chain configuration. Drive 0 is a
master device, drive 1 is a slave device.
1 - 2
C141-E090-01EN
(5)
(6)
Error correction and retry by ECC
If a recoverable error occurs, the disk drive itself attempts error recovery. The 40 bytes ECC
has improved buffer error correction for correctable data errors.
Write cache
When the disk drive receives a write command, the disk drive posts the command completion
at completion of transferring data to the data buffer completion of writing to the disk media.
This feature reduces the access time at writing.
C141-E090-01EN
1 - 3
1.2
Device Specifications
1.2.1
Specifications summary
Table 1.1 shows the specifications of the disk drive.
Table 1.1 Specifications
MPE3102AH
MPE3136AH
MPE3204AH
MPE3273AH
Formatted Capacity (*1)
10.24 GB
13.66 GB
20.49 GB
27.32 GB
Number of Disks
Number of Heads
2
3
2
4
3
6
4
8
Number of Cylinders
(User + Alternate & SA)
15,871 + 137
Bytes per Sector
Recording Method
Track Density
512
48/51 EPR4ML
16,750 TPI
316,929 BPI
7,200 rpm
Bit Density
Rotational Speed
Average Latency
Positioning time
4.17 ms
•
•
•
Minimum
Average
Maximum
1.0 ms typical
(Read) 8.5 ms typical, (Write) 9.5 ms typical
(Read) 17 ms typical, (Write) 18 ms typical
Start/Stop time
• Start (0 rpm to Drive Read)
Typical: 10 sec.,
Typical: 20 sec.,
Maximum: 20 sec.
Maximum: 30 sec.
•
Stop (at Power Down)
Interface
ATA–4
(Maximum Cable length: 0.46 m)
Data Transfer Rate
•
•
To/From Media
To/From Host
24.5 to 40.7 MB/s
16.7 MB/s Max. (burst PIO mode 4, burst DMA mode 2), 66.6 MB/s Max. (burst ultra DMA mode
4)
Data buffer
2 MB
Physical Dimensions
(Height ´ Width ´ Depth)
26.1 mm max. × 101.6 mm × 146.0 mm
(1.03” max. × 4.0” × 5.75”)
Weight
620 g
*1: Capacity under the LBA mode.
Under the CHS mode (normal BIOS specification), formatted capacity, number of cylinders, number of heads, and number of
sectors are as follows.
Model
Formatted Capacity
10,245.00 MB
13,660.00 MB
20,490.00 MB
27,320.00 MB
No. of Cylinder
16,383
No. of Heads
No. of Sectors
MPE3102AH
MPE3136AH
MPE3204AH
MPE3273AH
16
16
16
16
63
63
63
63
16,383
16,383
16,383
1 - 4
C141-E090-01EN
1.2.2
Model and product number
Table 1.2 lists the model names and product numbers.
Table 1.2 Model names and product numbers
Capacity
(user area)
Mounting
Screw
Model Name
Order No.
Remarks
MPE3102AH
MPE3136AH
MPE3204AH
MPE3273AH
10.24 GB No. 6-32UNC CA05405-B331
13.66 GB No. 6-32UNC CA05405-B341
20.49 GB No. 6-32UNC CA05405-B361
27.32 GB No. 6-32UNC CA05405-B381
—
—
—
—
1.3
Power Requirements
Input Voltage
(1)
(2)
·
·
+ 5 V ±5 %
+ 12 V ±8 %
Ripple
+12 V
200 mV (peak to peak) 100 mV (peak to peak)
DC to 1 MHz DC to 1 MHz
+5 V
Maximum
Frequency
C141-E090-01EN
1 - 5
(3)
Current Requirements and Power Dissipation
Table 1.3 lists the current and power dissipation.
Table 1.3 Current and power dissipation
Typical RMS current (*1) [mA]
+12 V
Mode of Operation
Typical Power (*2) [watts]
+5 V
Model
MPE
MPE
MPE
MPE
All
MPE
MPE
MPE
MPE
3102AH
3136AH
3204AH
3273AH
Models
3102AH
3136AH
3204AH
3273AH
Spin up
1600
1600
1600
1600
540
640 peak
21.9
6.2
21.9
6.2
21.9
6.9
21.9
7.6
1800 peak 1800 peak 1800 peak 1800 peak
Idle (Ready)
(*3)
340
340
640
340
340
640
400
400
670
460
460
700
420
450
420
R/W (On Track)
(*4)
6.3
6.3
7.1
7.8
Seek (Random)
(*5)
9.8
9.8
10.1
10.5
Standby
Sleep
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
185
185
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
*1 Current is typical rms except for spin up.
*2 Power requirements reflect nominal values for +12V and +5V power.
*3 Idle mode is in effect when the drive is not reading, writing, seeking, or executing any commands. A portion of the R/W circuitry is powered
down, the spindle motor is up to speed and the Drive ready condition exists.
*4 R/W mode is defined as 50% read operations and 50% write operations on a single physical track.
*5 Seek mode is defined as continuous random seek operations with minimum controller delay.
1 - 6
C141-E090-01EN
(4)
Current fluctuation (Typ.) when power is turned on
[A]
0.5
+5VDC
(0.5A/div)
0.0
[A]
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
+12VDC
(0.5A/div)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[S]
Figure 1.1 Current fluctuation (Typ.) when power is turned on
(5)
Power on/off sequence
The voltage detector circuit monitors +5 V and +12 V. The circuit does not allow a write
signal if either voltage is abnormal. This prevents data from being destroyed and eliminates
the need to be concerned with the power on/off sequence.
C141-E090-01EN
1 - 7
1.4
Environmental Specifications
Table 1.4 lists the environmental specifications.
Table 1.4 Environmental specifications
Temperature
• Operating
5°C to 55°C (ambient)
5°C to 60°C (disk enclosure surface)
• Non-operating
–40°C to 60°C
• Thermal Gradient
20°C/hour or less
Humidity
• Operating
• Non-operating
• Maximum Wet Bulb
8% to 80%RH (Non-condensing)
5% to 85%RH (Non-condensing)
29°C
Altitude (relative to sea level)
• Operating
–60 to 3,000 m (–200 to 10,000 ft)
–60 to 12,000 m (–200 to 40,000 ft)
• Non-operating
1.5
Acoustic Noise
Table 1.5 lists the acoustic noise specification.
Table 1.5 Acoustic noise specification
MPE3102AH
MPE3136AH
MPE3204AH
MPE3273AH
Sound Power
per ISO 7779 and
ISO9296
Model
Idle mode (DRIVE
READY)
3.7 bels
3.8 bels
(Typical at 1m)
Seek mode (Random)
4.3 bels
32 dBA
4.4 bels
33 dBA
Idle mode (DRIVE
READY)
Sound Pressure
(Typical at 1m)
Seek mode (Random)
38 dBA
39 dBA
1 - 8
C141-E090-01EN
1.6
Shock and Vibration
Table 1.6 lists the shock and vibration specification.
Table 1.6 Shock and vibration specification
Vibration (swept sine, one octave per minute)
• Operating
5 to 300 Hz, 0.5G-0-peak
(without non-recovered errors)
5 to 400 Hz, 4G-0-peak (no damage)
• Non-operating
Shock (half-sine pulse, Operating)
• 2 ms duration
30G (without non-recovered error)
10G (without non-recovered error)
• 11 ms duration
Shock (half-sine pulse, Non-operating)
• 2 ms duration
250G (Typical, no damage)
75G (No damage)
• 11 ms duration
1.7
Reliability
(1)
Mean time between failures (MTBF)
The mean time between failures (MTBF) is 500,000 POH (power on hours) or more
(operation: 24 hours/day, 7 days/week).
This does not include failures occurring during the first three months after installation.
MTBF is defined as follows:
Total operation time in all fields
MTBF=
(H)
number of device failure in all fields
"Disk drive defects" refers to defects that involve repair, readjustment, or replacement. Disk
drive defects do not include failures caused by external factors, such as damage caused by
handling, inappropriate operating environments, defects in the power supply host system, or
interface cable.
(2)
(3)
Mean time to repair (MTTR)
The mean time to repair (MTTR) is 30 minutes or less, if repaired by a specialist maintenance
staff member.
CSS cycle
The number of CSS must be less than 40,000.
C141-E090-01EN
1 - 9
(4)
Service life
In situations where management and handling are correct, the disk drive requires no overhaul
for five years when the DE surface temperature is less than 48°C. When the DE surface
temperature exceeds 48°C, the disk drives requires no overhaul for five years or 20,000 hours
of operation, whichever occurs first. Refer to item (3) in Subsection 3.2 for the measurement
point of the DE surface temperature.
(5)
1.8
(1)
Data assurance in the event of power failure
Except for the data block being written to, the data on the disk media is assured in the event of
any power supply abnormalities. This does not include power supply abnormalities during
disk media initialization (formatting) or processing of defects (alternative block assignment).
Error Rate
Known defects, for which alternative blocks can be assigned, are not included in the error rate
count below. It is assumed that the data blocks to be accessed are evenly distributed on the
disk media.
Unrecoverable read error
Read errors that cannot be recovered by read retries without user's retry and ECC corrections
shall occur no more than 10 times when reading data of 1015 bits. Read retries are executed
according to the disk drive's error recovery procedure, and include read retries accompanying
head offset operations.
(2)
Positioning error
Positioning (seek) errors that can be recovered by one retry shall occur no more than 10 times
in 107 seek operations.
1.9
Media Defects
Defective sectors are replaced with alternates when the disk is formatted prior to shipment
from the factory (low level format). Thus, the host sees a defect-free device.
Alternate sectors are automatically accessed by the disk drive. The user need not be concerned
with access to alternate sectors.
Chapter 6 describes the low level format at shipping.
1 - 10
C141-E090-01EN
CHAPTER 2
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
2.1
2.2
Device Configuration
System Configuration
2.1
Device Configuration
Figure 2.1 shows the disk drive. The disk drive consists of a disk enclosure (DE), read/write
preamplifier, and controller PCA. The disk enclosure contains the disk media, heads, spindle
motors actuators, and a circulating air filter.
Figure 2.1 Disk drive outerview
C141-E090-01EN
2 - 1
(1)
Disk
The outer diameter of the disk is 95 mm. The inner diameter is 25 mm. The number of disks
used varies with the model, as described below. The disks are rated at over 40,000 start/stop
operations.
MPE3102AH: 2 disks
MPE3136AH: 2 disks
MPE3204AH: 3 disks
MPE3273AH: 4 disks
(2)
Head
The heads are of the contact start/stop (CSS) type. The head touches the disk surface while the
disk is not rotating and automatically lifts when the disk starts.
(3)
(4)
Spindle motor
The disks are rotated by a direct drive Hall-less DC motor.
Actuator
The actuator uses a revolving voice coil motor (VCM) structure which consumes low power
and generates very little heat. The head assembly at the tip of the actuator arm is controlled
and positioned by feedback of the servo information read by the read/write head. If the power
is not on or if the spindle motor is stopped, the head assembly stays in the specific CSS zone
on the disk and is fixed by a mechanical lock.
(5)
Air circulation system
The disk enclosure (DE) is sealed to prevent dust and dirt from entering. The disk enclosure
features a closed loop air circulation system that relies on the blower effect of the rotating
disk. This system continuously circulates the air through the recirculation filter to maintain
the cleanliness of the air in the disk enclosure.
(6)
(7)
Read/write circuit
The read/write circuit uses a LSI chip for the read/write preamplifier. It improves data
reliability by preventing errors caused by external noise.
Controller circuit
The controller circuit consists of an LSI chip to improve reliability. The high-speed
microprocessor unit (MPU) achieves a high-performance AT controller.
2 - 2
C141-E090-01EN
2.2
System Configuration
ATA interface
2.2.1
Figures 2.2 and 2.3 show the ATA interface system configuration. The drive has a 40-pin PC
AT interface connector and supports the PIO transfer till 16.7 MB/s (PIO mode 4), the DMA
transfer till 16.7 MB/s (Multiword DMA mode 2), and the ultra DMA transfer till 66.6 MB/s
(Ultra DMA mode 4).
2.2.2
1 drive connection
HA
Host
Disk drive
(Host adaptor)
ATA interface
AT bus
(Host interface)
Figure 2.2 1 drive system configuration
2.2.3
2 drives connection
HA
Host
Disk drive #0
(Host adaptor)
AT bus
(Host interface)
Disk drive #1
ATA interface
Note:
When the drive that is not conformed to ATA is connected to the disk drive is above
configuration, the operation is not guaranteed.
Figure 2.3 2 drives configuration
C141-E090-01EN
2 - 3
IMPORTANT
HA (host adapter) consists of address decoder, driver, and receiver.
ATA is an abbreviation of "AT attachment". The disk drive is
conformed to the ATA-4 interface.
At high speed data transfer (PIO mode 3, mode 4, DMA mode 2 or
ultra DMA mode 4), occurrence of ringing or crosstalk of the signal
lines (AT bus) between the HA and the disk drive may be a great
cause of the obstruction of system reliability. Thus, it is necessary
that the capacitance of the signal lines including the HA and cable
does not exceed the ATA-3 and ATA-4 standard, and the cable
length between the HA and the disk drive should be as short as
possible.
2 - 4
C141-E090-01EN
CHAPTER 3
INSTALLATION CONDITIONS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Dimensions
Mounting
Cable Connections
Jumper Settings
3.1
Dimensions
Figure 3.1 illustrates the dimensions of the disk drive and positions of the mounting screw
holes. All dimensions are in mm.
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 1
Figure 3.1 Dimensions
3 - 2
C141-E090-02EN
3.2
Mounting
(1)
Orientation
Figure 3.2 illustrates normal orientation for the disk drive. The disk drives can be mounted in
any orientation.
Horizontal mounting with the PCB facing down
Figure 3.2 Orientation
(2)
Frame
The disk enclosure (DE) body is connected to signal ground (SG) and the mounting frame is
also connected to signal ground. These are electrically shorted.
Note:
Use No.6-32UNC screw for the mounting screw and the screw length should satisfy the
specification in Figure 3.4.
(3)
Limitation of side-mounting
When the disk drive is mounted using the screw holes on both side of the disk drive, use two
screw holes shown in Figure 3.3.
Do not use the center hole. For screw length, see Figure 3.4.
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 3
Use these screw
holes
Do not use this screw holes
Figure 3.3 Limitation of side-mounting
Side surface
mounting
2.5
2.5
2.5
Bottom surface mounting
DE
DE
2
PCA
B
A
Frame of system
cabinet
Frame of system
cabinet
4.5 or
less
Screw
Screw
5.0 or less
Details of A
Details of B
Figure 3.4 Mounting frame structure
3 - 4
C141-E090-01EN
(4)
Ambient temperature
The temperature conditions for a disk drive mounted in a cabinet refer to the ambient
temperature at a point 3 cm from the disk drive. Pay attention to the air flow to prevent the
DE surface temperature from exceeding 60°C.
Provide air circulation in the cabinet such that the PCA side, in particular, receives sufficient
cooling. To check the cooling efficiency, measure the surface temperatures of the DE.
Regardless of the ambient temperature, this surface temperature must meet the standards listed
in Table 3.1. Figure 3.5 shows the temperature measurement point.
1
Figure 3.5 Surface temperature measurement points
Table 3.1 Surface temperature measurement points and standard values
No.
1
Measurement point
Temperature
60°C max
DE cover
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 5
(5)
Service area
Figure 3.6 shows how the drive must be accessed (service areas) during and after installation.
- Mounting screw hole
[Q side]
- Mounting screw hole
[P side]
- Cable connection
- Mode setting switches
[R side]
- Mounting screw hole
Figure 3.6 Service area
(6)
External magnetic fields
Avoid mounting the disk drive near strong magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure
that the disk drive is not affected by external magnetic fields.
3 - 6
C141-E090-01EN
3.3
Cable Connections
Device connector
3.3.1
The disk drive has the connectors and terminals listed below for connecting external devices.
Figure 3.7 shows the locations of these connectors and terminals.
·
·
Power supply connector (CN1)
ATA interface connector (CN1)
Power supply
connector (CN1)
Mode
Setting
Pins
ATA
interface
connector
Figure 3.7 Connector locations
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 7
3.3.2
Cable connector specifications
Table 3.2 lists the recommended specifications for the cable connectors for Host system that
do not support Ultra DMA modes greater than mode 2.
For Host system that support Ultra DMA modes greater than mode 2, it is recommended to
use the 80-conductor cable assembly. The 80-conductor cable assembly is manufactured by
AMP or 3M.
Table 3.2 Cable connector specifications
Name
Cable socket
Model
Manufacturer
Fujitsu
FCN-707B040-AU/B
(closed-end type)
ATA interface cable
(40-pin, CN1)
Cable socket
FCN-707B040-AU/O
Fujitsu
(through-end type)
Cable socket housing
Contact
1-480424-0
60617-4
AMP
AMP
Power supply cable
(CN1)
Note :
The cable of twisted pairs and neighboring line separated individually is not allowed to use
for the host interface cable. It is because that the location of signal lines in these cables is
not fixed, and so the problem on the crosstalk among signal lines may occur.
It is recommended to use the ribbon cable for ATA interface that cable length is less than
18 inch (46 cm) and cable capacitance is less than 35 pico farad. Also it is recommended
to use AWG18 power supply cable.
3.3.3
Device connection
Figure 3.8 shows how to connect the devices.
ATA interface cable
Power supply cable
Disk Drive #0
DC
power supply
Host system
Disk Drive #1
Figure 3.8 Cable connections
3 - 8
C141-E090-01EN
3.3.4
Power supply connector (CN1)
Figure 3.9 shows the pin assignment of the power supply connector (CN1).
1
2
3
4
+12VDC
+12V RETURN
1
2
3
4
+5V RETURN
+5VDC
(Viewed from cable side)
Figure 3.9 Power supply connector pins (CN1)
3.3.5
System configuration for Ultra DMA
Host system that support Ultra DMA transfer modes greater than mode 2 shall not share I/O
ports. They shall provide separate drivers and separate receivers for each cable.
a) The 80-conductor cable assemblies shall be used for systems operating at Ultra DMA
modes greater than 2. The 80-coductor cable assemblies may be used in place of 40-
conductor cable assemblies to improve signal quality for data transfer modes that do not
require an 80-conductor cable assembly. And the 80-conductor cable assembly shall meet
the following specifications.
1) The assembly utilizes a fine pitch cable to double the number of conductors available
to the 40-pin connector. The grounds assigned by the interface are commoned with
the additional 40 conductors to provide a ground between each signal line and
provide the effect of a common ground plane.
2) The cable assembly may contain up to 3 connectors which shall be uniquely colored
as follows. All connectors shall have position 20 blocked.
·
The System Board Connector shall have a Blue base and Black retainer. Pin 34
(PDIAG-: CBLID-) shall be connected to ground and shall not be wired to the
cable assembly.
·
·
Connector Device “0” shall have a Black base and Black retainer.
Connector Device “1” shall have a Gray base and Black retainer. Pin 28 (CSEL)
shall not be connected to the cable (contact 28 may be removed to meet this
requirement).
·
The cable assembly may be printed with connector identifiers.
3) Typical cable characteristics are shown as follows.
·
·
·
Cable: AWG 30 (pitch: 0.635 mm)
Single Ended impedance: typical 80 W.
Cable capacitance: typical 57 pF/m
4) The dimensions are shown in Figure 3.10.
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 9
254.0 to 457.2 mm
(10 to 18 inch)
127.0 to 304.8 mm
(5 to 12 inch)
101.6 to 152.4 mm
(4 to 6 inch)
Pin 40 (Ground)
Pin 34
open
Pin 34 contact
(PDIAG-:CBLID- signal)
Pin 30 (Ground)
Symbolizes Pin 34
Conductor being cut
Pin 26 (Ground)
Pin 24 (Ground)
Pin 22 (Ground)
Pin 19 (Ground)
Position 1
Pin 2 (Ground)
System Board
Connector
Connector 1
Connector 2
Figure 3.10 Cable configuration
b) Host system that do not support Ultra DMA modes greater than mode 2 shall not connect
to the PDIAG-:CBLID- signal.
c) Host system that do support Ultra DMA modes greater than mode 2 shall either connect
directly to the device without using a cable assembly, or determine the cable assembly
type. Determining the cable assembly type may be done either by the host sensing the
condition of the PDIAG-:CBLID- signal (see Figure 3.11), or by relying on information
from the device (see Figure 3.12). Hosts that rely on information from the device shall
have a 0.047 mF capacitor connected from the PDIAG-:CBLID- signal to ground. The
tolerance on this capacitor shall be 20% or less.
3 - 10
C141-E090-01EN
Host detected CBLID- above VIH
PDIAG-: CBLID- conductor
Host detected CBLID- below VIL
open
PDIAG-: CBLID- conductor
Host
Device 1
Device 0
Host
Device 1
with 80-conductor cable
Device 0
with 40-conductor cable
Figure 3.11 Cable type detection using CBLID- signal
(Host sensing the condition of the CBLID- signal)
IDENTIFY DEVICE information
word 93 bit13:0
IDENTIFY DEVICE information
word 93 bit13:1
Device detected CBLID- below VIL
Device detected CBLID- above VIH
open
PDIAG-:CBLID- conductor
PDIAG-:CBLID- conductor
0.047 mF
±10% or
±20%
0.047 mF
±10% or
±20%
Host
Device 1
Device 0
Host
Device 1
Device 0
with 40-conductor cable
with 80-conductor cable
Figure 3.12 Cable type detection using IDENTIFY DEVICE data
(Device sensing the condition of the CBLID- signal)
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 11
3.4
Jumper Settings
3.4.1
Location of setting jumpers
Figure 3.13 shows the location of the jumpers to select drive configuration and functions.
DC Power Connector
Interface Connector
40
2
1
1
Figure 3.13 Jumper location
3 - 12
C141-E090-01EN
3.4.2
Factory default setting
Figure 3.14 shows the default setting position at the factory. (Master device setting)
DC Power Connector
Interface Connector
Figure 3.14 Factory default setting
3.4.3
Jumper configuration
Device type
Master device (device #0) or slave device (device #1) is selected.
(1)
2
4
6 8
2
4
6 8
= shorted
1
3
5 7
9
1
3
5 7
9
(a) Master device
(b) Slave device
Figure 3.15 Jumper setting of master or slave device
Note:
When the device type is set by the jumper on the device, the device should not be
configured for cable selection.
(2)
Cable Select (CSEL)
In Cable Select mode, the device can be configured either master device or slave device. For
use of Cable Select function, Unique interface cable is needed.
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 13
2
1
4
3
6 8
5 7
9
CSEL connected to the interface cable selection
can be done by the special interface cable.
Figure 3.16 Jumper setting of Cable Select
Figures 3.17 and 3.18 show examples of cable selection using unique interface cables.
By connecting the CSEL of the master device to the CSEL Line (conductor) of the cable and
connecting it to ground further, the CSEL is set to low level. The device is identified as a
master device. At this time, the CSEL of the slave device does not have a conductor. Thus,
since the slave device is not connected to the CSEL conductor, the CSEL is set to high level.
The device is identified as a slave device.
CSEL conductor
Open
GND
Host system
Master device
Slave device
Figure 3.17 Example (1) of Cable Select
CSEL conductor
Open
GND
Host system
Slave device
Master device
Figure 3.18 Example (2) of Cable Select
3 - 14
C141-E090-01EN
(3)
Special jumper settings
(a) 2.1 GB clip (Limit capacity to 2.1 GB)
If the drive cannot be recognized by system with legacy BIOS’s which do not allow single
volume sizes greater than approximately 2.1 GB, the following jumper settings should be
applied.
2
4
6 8
2
4
6 8
2
4
6 8
1
3
5 7
9
1
3
5 7
9
1
3
5 7
9
Master Device
Slave Device
Cable Select
Model
No. of cylinders
4,092
No. of heads
No. of sectors
MPE3102AH
16
16
16
16
63
63
63
63
MPE3136AH
MPE3204AH
MPE3273AH
4,092
4,092
4,092
(b) Slave present
If the slave device does not use the Device Active/Slave Present (DASP–) signal to
indicate its presence, the device is configured as a Master with slave present when the
following jumper settings is applied.
2
4
6 8
1
3
5 7
9
Slave present
C141-E090-01EN
3 - 15
This page is intentionally left blank.
CHAPTER 4
THEORY OF DEVICE OPERATION
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Outline
Subassemblies
Circuit Configuration
Power-on sequence
Self-calibration
Read/write Circuit
Servo Control
This chapter explains basic design concepts of the disk drive. Also, this chapter explains
subassemblies of the disk drive, each sequence, servo control, and electrical circuit blocks.
4.1
Outline
This chapter consists of two parts. First part (Section 4.2) explains mechanical assemblies of
the disk drive. Second part (Sections 4.3 through 4.7) explains a servo information recorded
in the disk drive and drive control method.
4.2
Subassemblies
The disk drive consists of a disk enclosure (DE) and printed circuit assembly (PCA).
The DE contains all movable parts in the disk drive, including the disk, spindle, actuator,
read/write head, and air filter. For details, see Subsections 4.2.1 to 4.2.5.
The PCA contains the control circuits for the disk drive. The disk drive has one PCA. For
details, see Sections 4.3.
4.2.1
Disk
The DE contains the disks with an outer diameter of 95 mm. The MPE3102AH and
MPE3136AH have 2 disks. The MPE3204AH has 3 disks. The MPE3273AH has 4 disks.
The head contacts the disk each time the disk rotation stops; the life of the disk is 40,000
contacts or more.
Servo data is recorded on each cylinder (total 72). Servo data written at factory is read out by
the read/write head. For servo data, see Section 4.7.
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 1
4.2.2
Head
Figure 4.1 shows the read/write head structures. The Numerals 0 to 7 indicate read/write
heads. These heads are raised from the disk surface as the spindle motor approaches the rated
rotation speed.
MPE3102AH
MPE3136AH
Spindle
Actuator
Spindle
Actuator
3
2
1
2
1
0
0
MPE3204AH
MPE3273AH
Spindle
Actuator
Spindle
Actuator
7
6
5
5
4
3
4
3
2
1
2
1
0
0
Figure 4.1 Head structure
4.2.3
Spindle
The spindle consists of a disk stack assembly and spindle motor. The disk stack assembly is
activated by the direct drive sensor-less DC spindle motor, which has a speed of 7,200 rpm.
The spindle is controlled with detecting a PHASE signal generated by counter electromotive
voltage of the spindle motor at starting. After that, the rotational speed is kept with detecting a
servo information.
4.2.4
Actuator
The actuator consists of a voice coil motor (VCM) and a head carriage. The VCM moves the
head carriage along the inner or outer edge of the disk. The head carriage position is
controlled by feeding back the difference of the target position that is detected and reproduced
from the servo information read by the read/write head.
4 - 2
C141-E090-01EN
4.2.5
Air filter
There are two types of air filters: a breather filter and a circulation filter.
The breather filter makes an air in and out of the DE to prevent unnecessary pressure around
the spindle when the disk starts or stops rotating. When disk drives are transported under
conditions where the air pressure changes a lot, filtered air is circulated in the DE.
The circulation filter cleans out dust and dirt from inside the DE. The disk drive cycles air
continuously through the circulation filter through an enclosed loop air cycle system operated
by a blower on the rotating disk.
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 3
4.3
Circuit Configuration
Figure 4.2 shows the disk drive circuit configuration.
(1)
Read/write circuit
The read/write circuit consists of two LSIs; read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) and read
channel (RDC).
The PreAMP consists of the write current switch circuit, that flows the write current to the
head coil, and the voltage amplifier circuit, that amplitudes the read output from the head.
The RDC is the read demodulation circuit using the Extended Partial Response Class 4
(EPR4), and contains the Viterbi detector, programmable low pass filter, 10-tap adaptive
digital FIR filter, synthesizer, and data separator circuits. The RDC also contains the 48/51
group coded recording (GCR) encoder and decoder and servo demodulation circuit.
(2)
Servo circuit
The position and speed of the voice coil motor are controlled by 2 closed-loop servo using the
servo information recorded on the data surface. The servo information is an analog signal
converted to digital for processing by a MPU and then reconverted to an analog signal for
control of the voice coil motor.
(3)
(4)
Spindle motor driver circuit
The circuit measures the interval of a PHASE signal generated by counter-electromotive
voltage of a motor, or servo mark at the MPU and controls the motor speed comparing target
speed.
Controller circuit
Major functions are listed below.
·
·
·
·
·
·
Data buffer management
ATA interface control and data transfer control
Sector format control
Defect management
ECC control
Error recovery and self-diagnosis
4 - 4
C141-E090-01EN
Figure 4.2 MPE3xxxAH Block diagram
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 5
4.4
Power-on Sequence
Figure 4.3 describes the operation sequence of the disk drive at power-on. The outline is
described below.
a) After the power is turned on, the disk drive executes the MPU bus test, internal register
read/write test, and work RAM read/write test. When the self-diagnosis terminates
successfully, the disk drive starts the spindle motor.
b) The disk drive executes self-diagnosis (data buffer read/write test) after enabling response
to the ATA bus.
c) After confirming that the spindle motor has reached rated speed, the disk drive releases the
heads from the actuator magnet lock mechanism by applying current to the VCM. This
unlocks the heads which are parked at the inner circumference of the disks.
d) The disk drive positions the heads onto the SA area and reads out the system information.
e) The disk drive executes self-seek-calibration. This collects data for VCM torque and
mechanical external forces applied to the actuator, and updates the calibrating value.
f) The drive becomes ready. The host can issue commands.
4 - 6
C141-E090-01EN
Power on
Start
Self-diagnosis 1
• MPU bus test
• Inner register
write/read test
• Work RAM write/read
test
a)
The spindle motor starts.
Self-diagnosis 2
• Data buffer write/read
test
b)
c)
Confirming spindle motor
speed
Release heads from
actuator lock
d)
Initial on-track and read
out of system information
e)
f)
Execute self-calibration
Drive ready state
(command waiting state)
End
Figure 4.3 Power-on operation sequence
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 7
4.5
Self-calibration
The disk drive occasionally performs self-calibration in order to sense and calibrate
mechanical external forces on the actuator, and VCM torque. This enables precise seek and
read/write operations.
4.5.1
Self-calibration contents
(1)
Sensing and compensating for external forces
The actuator suffers from torque due to the FPC forces and winds accompanying disk
revolution. The torque vary with the disk drive and the cylinder where the head is positioned.
To execute stable fast seek operations, external forces are occasionally sensed.
The firmware of the drive measures and stores the force (value of the actuator motor drive
current) that balances the torque for stopping head stably. This includes the current offset in
the power amplifier circuit and DAC system.
The forces are compensated by adding the measured value to the specified current value to the
power amplifier. This makes the stable servo control.
To compensate torque varying by the cylinder, the disk is divided into 14 areas from the
innermost to the outermost circumference and the compensating value is measured at the
measuring cylinder on each area at factory calibration. The measured values are stored in the
SA cylinder. In the self-calibration, the compensating value is updated using the value in the
SA cylinder.
(2)
Compensating open loop gain
Torque constant value of the VCM has a dispersion for each drive, and varies depending on
the cylinder that the head is positioned. To realize the high speed seek operation, the value
that compensates torque constant value change and loop gain change of the whole servo
system due to temperature change is measured and stored.
For sensing, the firmware mixes the disturbance signal to the position signal at the state that
the head is positioned to any cylinder. The firmware calculates the loop gain from the position
signal and stores the compensation value against to the target gain as ratio.
For compensating, the direction current value to the power amplifier is multiplied by the
compensation value. By this compensation, loop gain becomes constant value and the stable
servo control is realized.
To compensate torque constant value change depending on cylinder, whole cylinders from
most inner to most outer cylinder are divided into 14 partitions at calibration in the factory,
and the compensation data is measured for representative cylinder of each partition. This
measured value is stored in the SA area. The compensation value at self-calibration is
calculated using the value in the SA area.
4 - 8
C141-E090-01EN
4.5.2
Execution timing of self-calibration
Self-calibration is executed when:
·
·
The power is turned on.
The self-calibration execution timechart of the disk drive specifies self-calibration.
The disk drive performs self-calibration according to the timechart based on the time elapsed
from power-on. The timechart is shown in Table 4.1. After power-on, self-calibration is
performed about every 30 minutes.
Table 4.1 Self-calibration execution timechart
Time elapsed
At power-on
Time elapsed (accumulated)
Initial calibration
1
2
3
4
5
6
About 30 minutes
About 30 minutes
About 30 minutes
About 30 minutes
About 30 minutes
About 30 minutes
About 60 minutes
About 90 minutes
About 120 minutes
About 150 minutes
7
.
.
Every about 30 minutes
.
9
4.5.3
Command processing during self-calibration
If the disk drive receives a command execution request from the host while executing self-
calibration according to the timechart, the disk drive terminates self-calibration and starts
executing the command precedingly. In other words, if a disk read or write service is
necessary, the disk drive positions the head to the track requested by the host, reads or writes
data, and restarts calibration.
This enables the host to execute the command without waiting for a long time, even when the
disk drive is performing self-calibration. The command execution wait time is about
maximum 100 ms.
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 9
4.6
Read/write Circuit
The read/write circuit consists of the read/write preamplifier (PreAMP), the write circuit, the
read circuit, and the synthesizer in the read channel (RDC).
4.6.1
Read/write preamplifier (PreAMP)
One PreAMP is mounted on the FPC. The PreAMP consists of an 4 or 8-channel read
preamplifier and a write current switch and senses a write error. Each channel is connected to
each data head. The head IC switches the heads by the serial port (SDEN, SCLK, SDATA).
The IC generates a write error sense signal (WUS) when a write error occurs due to head short-
circuit or head disconnection.
4.6.2
Write circuit
The write data is output from the hard disk controller (HDC) with the NRZ data format, and
sent to the encoder circuit in the RDC with synchronizing with the write clock. The NRZ
write data is converted from 48-bits data to 51-bits data by the encoder circuit then sent to the
PreAMP, and the data is written onto the media.
(1)
(2)
48/51 GCR
The disk drive converts data using the 48/51 group coded recording (GCR) algorithm.
Write precompensation
Write precompensation compensates, during a write process, for write non-linearity generated
at reading.
4 - 10
C141-E090-01EN
4.6.3
Read circuit
The head read signal from the PreAMP is regulated by the variable gain amplifier (VGA)
circuit. Then the output is converted into the sampled read data pulse by the programmable
filter circuit and the adaptive equalizer circuit. This clock signal is converted into the NRZ
data by the 48/51 GCR decoder circuit based on the read data maximum-likelihood-detected
by the Viterbi detection circuit, then is sent to the HDC.
(1)
(2)
VGA circuit
The VGA circuit automatically regulates the output amplitude to a constant value even when
the input amplitude level fluctuates. The VGA output is maintained at a constant level even
when the head output fluctuates due to the head characteristics or outer/inner head positions.
Programmable filter
The programmable filter circuit has a low-pass filter function that eliminates unnecessary high
frequency noise component and a high frequency boost-up function that equalizes the
waveform of the read signal.
Cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter and boost-up gain are controlled from each DAC
circuit in read channel by an instruction of the parallel data signal from MPU (M1). The MPU
optimizes the cut-off frequency and boost-up gain according to the transfer frequency of each
zone.
(3)
(4)
Adaptive equalizer circuit
This circuit is 10-tap adaptive digital FIR filter circuit that cosine-equalizes the head read
signal to the Extended Partial Response Class 4 (EPR4) waveform.
Viterbi detection circuit
The digital data output from the adaptive equalizer circuit is sent to the Viterbi detection
circuit. The Viterbi detection circuit demodulates data according to the survivor path
sequence.
(5)
(6)
Data separator circuit
The data separator circuit generates clocks in synchronization with the output of the adaptive
equalizer circuit. To write data, the VFO circuit generates clocks in synchronization with the
clock signals from a synthesizer.
48/51 GCR decoder
This circuit converts the 48-bits read data into the 51-bits NRZ data.
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 11
4.6.4
Synthesizer circuit
The drive uses constant density recording to increase total capacity. This is different from the
conventional method of recording data with a fixed data transfer rate at all data area. In the
constant density recording method, data area is divided into zones by radius and the data
transfer rate is set so that the recording density of the inner cylinder of each zone is nearly
constant. The drive divides data area into 15 zones to set the data transfer rate. Table 4.2
describes the data transfer rate and recording density (BPI) of each zone.
Table 4.2 Write clock frequency and transfer rate of each zone
Zone
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cylinder
0
to
1231
to
2561
to
3821
to
5611
to
6511
to
6941
to
8641
to
1230
2560
3820
5610
6510
6940
8640
9530
Transfer rate
[MB/s]
40.69
40.69
39.67
38.08
37.21
36.78
34.90
33.89
Zone
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Cylinder
9531
to
10871 11531 12201 13301 14031 15161
to to to to to to
10870 11530 12200 13300 14030 15160 15870
Transfer rate
[MB/s]
32.29 31.42 30.58 29.10 28.09 26.49 24.54
The MPU transfers the data transfer rate setup data to the RDC that includes synthesizer circuit
to change the data transfer rate.
4.7
Servo Control
The actuator motor and the spindle motor are submitted to servo control. The actuator motor
is controlled for moving and positioning the head to the track containing the desired data. To
turn the disk at a constant velocity, the actuator motor is controlled according to the servo data
that is written on the data side beforehand.
4 - 12
C141-E090-01EN
4.7.1
Servo control circuit
Figure 4.4 is the block diagram of the servo control circuit. The following describes the
functions of the blocks:
(1)
MPU
SVC
(5)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DAC
VCM current
Servo
DSP
unit
P.
Amp.
ADC
burst
Head
capture
CSR
Position Sense
VCM
(6)
(7)
Driver
Spindle
motor
control
Spindle
motor
CSR: Current Sense Resistor
VCM: Voice Coil Motor
Figure 4.4 Block diagram of servo control circuit
(1)
Microprocessor unit (MPU)
The MPU includes DSP unit, etc., and the MPU starts the spindle motor, moves the heads to
the reference cylinders, seeks the specified cylinder, and executes calibration according to the
internal operations of the MPU.
The major internal operations are listed below.
a. Spindle motor start
Starts the spindle motor and accelerates it to normal speed when power is applied.
b. Move head to reference cylinder
Drives the VCM to position the head at the any cylinder in the data area. The logical
initial cylinder is at the outermost circumference (cylinder 0).
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 13
c. Seek to specified cylinder
Drives the VCM to position the head to the specified cylinder.
d. Calibration
Senses and stores the thermal offset between heads and the mechanical forces on the
actuator, and stores the calibration value.
Servo frame
(72 servo frames per revolution)
Figure 4.5 Physical sector servo configuration on disk surface
4 - 14
C141-E090-01EN
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Servo burst capture circuit
The four servo signals can be synchronously detected by the STROB signal, full-wave
rectified integrated.
A/D converter (ADC)
The A/D converter (ADC) receives the servo signals are integrated, converts them to digital,
and transfers the digital signal to the DSP unit.
D/A converter (DAC)
The D/A converter (DAC) converts the VCM drive current value (digital value) calculated by
the DSP unit into analog values and transfers them to the power amplifier.
Power amplifier
The power amplifier feeds currents, corresponding to the DAC output signal voltage to the
VCM.
Spindle motor control circuit
The spindle motor control circuit controls the sensor-less spindle motor. This circuit detects
number of revolution of the motor by the interrupt generated periodically, compares with the
target revolution speed, then flows the current into the motor coil according to the
differentiation (aberration).
(7)
(8)
Driver circuit
The driver circuit is a power amplitude circuit that receives signals from the spindle motor
control circuit and feeds currents to the spindle motor.
VCM current sense resistor (CSR)
This resistor controls current at the power amplifier by converting the VCM current into
voltage and feeding back.
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 15
4.7.2
Data-surface servo format
Figure 4.5 describes the physical layout of the servo frame. The three areas indicated by (1) to
(3) in Figure 4.6 are described below.
(1)
Inner guard band
The head is in contact with the disk in this space when the spindle starts turning or stops, and
the rotational speed of the spindle can be controlled on this cylinder area for head moving.
(2)
(3)
Data area
This area is used as the user data area and SA area.
Outer guard band
This area is located at outer position of the user data area, and the rotational speed of the
spindle can be controlled on this cylinder area for head moving.
4.7.3
Servo frame format
As the servo information, the drive uses the two-phase servo generated from the gray code and
Pos A to D. This servo information is used for positioning operation of radius direction and
position detection of circumstance direction.
The servo frame consists of 5 blocks; write/read recovery, servo mark, gray code, Pos A to D
and PAD. Figure 4.6 shows the servo frame format.
4 - 16
C141-E090-01EN
0.18 ms
0.84 ms
0.24 ms
0.48 ms
0.92 ms 0.84 ms 0.84 ms
1.64 ms
1.16 ms
0.84 ms
POS
A
POS
B
POS
D
POS
C
PAD
SCD
PA
ASM
SSM
W/R Recovery Field
7.98 ms
Servo
Frame
Servo
Frame
DATA
DATA
115.7 ms
Figure 4.6 72 servo frames in each track
(1)
(2)
Write/read recovery
This area is used to absorb the write/read transient and to stabilize the AGC.
Servo mark (SMK1, SMK2)
This area generates a timing for demodulating the gray code and position-demodulating Pos A
to D by detecting the servo mark.
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 17
(3)
(4)
(5)
Preamble
This area is used to synchronize with the PLL, which is used to search the SSM by detecting
the ASM.
Gray code (including index bit)
This area is used as cylinder address. The data in this area is converted into the binary data by
the gray code demodulation circuit.
Pos A, Pos B, Pos C, Pos D
This area is used as position signals between tracks, and the device control at on-track so that
Pos A level equals to Pos B level.
(6)
PAD
This area is used as a gap between servo and data.
4.7.4
Actuator motor control
The voice coil motor (VCM) is controlled by feeding back the servo data recorded on the data
surface. The MPU fetches the position sense data on the servo frame at a constant interval of
sampling time, executes calculation, and updates the VCM drive current.
The servo control of the actuator includes the operation to move the head to the reference
cylinder, the seek operation to move the head to the target cylinder to read or write data, and
the track-following operation to position the head onto the target track.
(1)
Operation to move the head to the reference cylinder
The MPU moves the head to the reference cylinder when the power is turned. The reference
cylinder is in the data area.
When power is applied the heads are moved from the inner circumference shunt zone to the
normal servo data zone in the following sequence:
a) Micro current is fed to the VCM to press the head against the inner circumference.
b) A current is fed to the VCM to move the head toward the outer circumference.
c) When the servo mark is detected the head is moved slowly toward the outer circumference
at a constant speed.
d) If the head is stopped at the reference cylinder from there. Track following control starts.
4 - 18
C141-E090-01EN
(2)
Seek operation
Upon a data read/write request from the host, the MPU confirms the necessity of access to the
disk. If a read or instruction is issued, the MPU seeks the desired track.
The MPU feeds the VCM current via the D/A converter and power amplifier to move the
head. The MPU calculates the difference (speed error) between the specified target position
and the current position for each sampling timing during head moving. The MPU then feeds
the VCM drive current by setting the calculated result into the D/A converter. The calculation
is digitally executed by the firmware. When the head arrives at the target cylinder, the track is
followed.
(3)
Track following operation
Except during head movement to the reference cylinder and seek operation under the spindle
rotates in steady speed, the MPU does track following control. To position the head at the
center of a track, the DSP drives the VCM by feeding micro current. For each sampling time,
the VCM drive current is determined by filtering the position difference between the target
position and the position clarified by the detected position sense data. The filtering includes
servo compensation. These are digitally controlled by the firmware.
4.7.5
Spindle motor control
Hall-less three-phase eight-pole motor is used for the spindle motor, and the 3-phase full/half-
wave analog current control circuit is used as the spindle motor driver (called SVC hereafter).
The firmware operates on the MPU manufactured by Fujitsu. The spindle motor is controlled
by sending several signals from the MPU to the SVC. There are three modes for the spindle
control; start mode, acceleration mode, and stable rotation mode.
(1)
Start mode
When power is supplied, the spindle motor is started in the following sequence:
a) After the power is turned on, the MPU sends a signal to the SVC to charge the change
pump capacitor of the SVC. The charged amount defines the current that flows in the
spindle motor.
b) When the charge pump capacitor is charged enough, the MPU sets the SVC to the motor
start mode. Then, a current (approx. 2.1 A) flows into the spindle motor.
c) The SVC generates a phase switching signal by itself, and changes the phase of the current
flowed in the motor in the order of (V-phase to U-phase), (W-phase to U-phase), (W-phase
to V-phase), (U-phase to V-phase), (U-phase to W-phase), and (V-phase to W-phase) (after
that, repeating this order).
d) During phase switching, the spindle motor starts rotating in low speed, and generates a
counter electromotive force. The SVC detects this counter electromotive force and reports
to the MPU using a PHASE signal for speed detection.
C141-E090-01EN
4 - 19
e) The MPU is waiting for a PHASE signal. When no phase signal is sent for a specific
period, the MPU resets the SVC and starts from the beginning. When a PHASE signal is
sent, the SVC enters the acceleration mode.
(2)
Acceleration mode
In this mode, the MPU stops to send the phase switching signal to the SVC. The SVC starts a
phase switching by itself based on the counter electromotive force. Then, rotation of the
spindle motor accelerates. The MPU calculates a rotational speed of the spindle motor based
on the PHASE signal from the SVC, and accelerates till the rotational speed reaches 7,200
rpm. When the rotational speed reaches 7,200 rpm, the SVC enters the stable rotation mode.
(3)
Stable rotation mode
The MPU calculates a time for one revolution of the spindle motor based on the PHASE signal
from the SVC. The MPU takes a difference between the current time and a time for one
revolution at 7,200 rpm that the MPU already recognized. Then, the MPU keeps the rotational
speed to 7,200 rpm by charging or discharging the charge pump for the different time. For
example, when the actual rotational speed is 7,400 rpm, the time for one revolution is 8.108
ms. And, the time for one revolution at 7,200 rpm is 8.333 ms. Therefore, the MPU
discharges the charge pump for 0.225 ms ´ k (k: constant value). This makes the flowed
current into the motor lower and the rotational speed down. When the actual rotational speed
is later than 7,200 rpm, the MPU charges the pump the other way. This control
(charging/discharging) is performed every 1/6 revolution.
4 - 20
C141-E090-01EN
CHAPTER 5
INTERFACE
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
Physical Interface
Logical Interface
Host Commands
Command Protocol
Ultra DMA feature set
Timing
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 1
5.1
Physical Interface
5.1.1
Interface signals
Table 5.1 shows the interface signals.
Table 5.1 Interface signals
Description
Host
Dir
Dev
Acrorym
CSEL
Cable select
see note
Chip select 0
Chip select 1
Data bus bit 0
Data bus bit 1
Data bus bit 2
Data bus bit 3
Data bus bit 4
Data bus bit 5
Data bus bit 6
Data bus bit 7
Data bus bit 8
Data bus bit 9
Data bus bit 10
Data bus bit 11
Data bus bit 12
Data bus bit 13
Data bus bit 14
Data bus bit 15
CS0–
®
CS1–
®
DD0
«
DD1
«
DD2
«
DD3
«
DD4
«
DD5
«
DD6
«
DD7
«
DD8
«
DD9
«
DD10
«
DD11
«
DD12
«
DD13
«
DD14
«
DD15
«
Device active or slave present
Device address bit 0
see note
DASP–
DA0
®
®
®
®
Device address bit 1
DA1
Device address bit 2
DA2
DMA acknowledge
DMACK–
DMARQ
INTRQ
DIOR–
HDMARDY–
HSTROBE
IORDY
DDMARDY–
DSTROBE
DIOW–
STOP
DMA request
¬
Interrupt request
¬
I/O read
®
®
®
DMA ready during Ultra DMA data in bursts
Data strobe during Ultra DMA data out bursts
I/O ready
¬
¬
¬
DMA ready during Ultra DMA data out bursts
Data strobe during Ultra DMA data in bursts
I/O write
®
®
Stop during Ultra DMA data bursts
Passed diagnostics
Cable type detection
see note
PDIAG–
CBLID–
Reset
RESET–
®
Note See signal descriptions
5 - 2
C141-E090-01EN
5.1.2
Signal assignment on the connector
Table 5.2 shows the signal assignment on the interface connector.
Table 5.2 Signal assignment on the interface connector
Pin No.
Signal
Pin No.
Signal
1
3
5
7
RESET–
DATA7
DATA6
DATA5
DATA4
DATA3
DATA2
DATA1
DATA0
GND
2
4
6
8
GND
DATA8
DATA9
DATA10
DATA11
DATA12
DATA13
DATA14
DATA15
(KEY)
GND
GND
GND
CSEL
GND
reserved
PDIAG–, CBLID–
DA2
CS1–
GND
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
DMARQ
DIOW–, STOP
DIOR–, HDMARDY–, HSTROBE
IORDY, DDMARDY–,
DSTROBE
DMACK–
INTRQ
DA1
DA0
CS0–
DASP–
[signal]
[I/O]
[Description]
RESET–
I
Reset signal from the host. This signal is low active and is
asserted for a minimum of 25 ms during power on. The device has
a 10 kW pull-up resistor on this signal.
DATA 0-15
I/O
I
Sixteen-bit bi-directional data bus between the host and the
device. These signals are used for data transfer
DIOW–, STOP
DIOW– is the strobe signal asserted by the host to write device
registers or the data port.
DIOW– shall be negated by the host prior to initiation of an Ultra
DMA burst. STOP shall be negated by the host before data is
transferred in an Ultra DMA burst. Assertion of STOP by the host
during an Ultra DMA burst signals the termination of the Ultra
DMA burst.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 3
[signal]
DIOR–
[I/O]
I
[Description]
DIOR– is the strobe signal asserted by the host to read device
registers or the data port.
HDMARDY–
HSTROBE
INTRQ
I
HDMARDY– is a flow control signal for Ultra DMA data in
bursts. This signal is asserted by the host to indicate to the device
that the host is ready to receive Ultra DMA data in bursts.
The host may negate HDMARDY- to pause an Ultra DMA data in
burst.
I
HSTROBE is the data out strobe signal from the host for an Ultra
DMA data out burst. Both the rising and falling edge of
HSTROBE latch the data from DATA 0-15 into the device. The
host may stop generating HSTROBE edges to pause an Ultra
DMA data out burst.
O
Interrupt signal to the host.
This signal is negated in the following cases:
– assertion of RESET– signal
– Reset by SRST of the Device Control register
– Write to the command register by the host
– Read of the status register by the host
– Completion of sector data transfer
(without reading the Status register)
When the device is not selected or interrupt is disabled, the
INTRQ
Signal shall be in a high impedance state.
CS0–
I
I
I
Chip select signal decoded from the host address bus. This signal
is used by the host to select the command block registers.
CS1–
Chip select signal decoded from the host address bus. This signal
is used by the host to select the control block registers.
DA 0-2
Binary decoded address signals asserted by the host to access task
file registers.
KEY
–
Key pin for prevention of erroneous connector insertion
PIDAG–
I/O
This signal is an input mode for the master device and an output
mode for the slave device in a daisy chain configuration. This
signal indicates that the slave device has been completed self
diagnostics.
This signal is pulled up to +5 V through 10 kW resistor at each device.
CBLID–
DASP–
I/O
I/O
This signal is used to detect the cable type (80 or 40-conductor
cable) installed in the system. This signal is pulled up to +5 V
through 10 kW resistor at each device.
This is a time-multiplexed signal that indicates that the device is
active and a slave device is present.
This signal is pulled up to +5 V through 10 kW resistor at each device.
5 - 4
C141-E090-01EN
[signal]
IORDY
[I/O]
O
[Description]
This signal is negated to extend the host transfer cycle of any host
register access (Read or Write) when the device is not ready to
respond to a data transfer request.
DDMARDY–
DSTROBE
O
O
DDMARDY– is a flow control signal for Ultra DMA data out bursts.
This signal is asserted by the device to indicate to the host that the
device is ready to receive Ultra DMA data out bursts. The device may
negate DDMARDY– to pause an Ultra DMA data out burst.
DSTROBE is the data in strobe signal from the device for an Ultra
DMA data in burst. Both the rising and falling edge of
DSTROBE latch the data from DATA 0-15 into the host. The
device may stop generating DSTROBE edges to pause an Ultra
DMA data in burst.
CSEL
I
This signal to configure the device as a master or a slave device.
When CSEL signal is grounded, the IDD is a master device.
When CSEL signal is open, the IDD is a slave device.
This signal is pulled up with 10 kW resistor.
DMACK–
DMARQ
I
The host system asserts this signal as a response that the host
system receive data or to indicate that data is valid.
O
This signal is used for DMA transfer between the host system and
the device. The device asserts this signal when the device
completes the preparation of DMA data transfer to the host system
(at reading) or from the host system (at writing).
The direction of data transfer is controlled by the IOR- and IOW-
signals. In other word, the device negates the DMARQ signal
after the host system asserts the DMACK– signal. When there is
another data to be transferred, the device asserts the DMARQ
signal again.
When the DMA data transfer is performed, IOCW16–, CS0– and
CS1- signals are not asserted. The DMA data transfer is a 16-bit
data transfer. The device has a 10 kW pull-down resistor on this
signal.
GND
–
Grounded
Note:
"I" indicates input signal from the host to the device.
"O" indicates output signal from the device to the host.
"I/O" indicates common output or bi-directional signal between the host and the device.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 5
5.2
Logical Interface
The device can operate for command execution in either address-specified mode; cylinder-
head-sector (CHS) or Logical block address (LBA) mode. The IDENTIFY DEVICE
information indicates whether the device supports the LBA mode. When the host system
specifies the LBA mode by setting bit 6 in the Device/Head register to 1, HS3 to HS0 bits of
the Device/Head register indicates the head No. under the LBA mode, and all bits of the
Cylinder High, Cylinder Low, and Sector Number registers are LBA bits.
The sector No. under the LBA mode proceeds in the ascending order with the start point of
LBA0 (defined as follows).
LBA0 = [Cylinder 0, Head 0, Sector 1]
Even if the host system changes the assignment of the CHS mode by the INITIALIZE
DEVICE PARAMETER command, the sector LBA address is not changed.
LBA = [((Cylinder No.) ´ (Number of head) + (Head No.)) ´ (Number of sector/track)]
+ (Sector No.) – 1
5.2.1
I/O registers
Communication between the host system and the device is done through input-output (I/O)
registers of the device.
These I/O registers can be selected by the coded signals, CS0–, CS1–, and DA0 to DA2 from
the host system. Table 5.3 shows the coding address and the function of I/O registers.
5 - 6
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.3 I/O registers
I/O registers
Host I/O
address
CS0–
CS1–
DA2
DA1
DA0
Read operation
Write operation
Command block registers
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
X
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Data
Data
X'1F0'
X'1F1'
X'1F2'
X'1F3'
X'1F4'
X'1F5'
X'1F6'
X'1F7'
—
Error Register
Sector Count
Sector Number
Cylinder Low
Cylinder High
Device/Head
Status
Features
Sector Count
Sector Number
Cylinder Low
Cylinder High
Device/Head
Command
(Invalid)
X
X
(Invalid)
Control block registers
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
Alternate Status
—
Device Control
—
X'3F6'
X'3F7'
Notes:
1. The Data register for read or write operation can be accessed by 16 bit data bus
(DATA0 to DATA15).
2. The registers for read or write operation other than the Data registers can be accessed
by 8 bit data bus (DATA0 to DATA7).
3. When reading the Drive Address register, bit 7 is high-impedance state.
4. The LBA mode is specified, the Device/Head, Cylinder High, Cylinder Low, and
Sector Number registers indicate LBA bits 27 to 24, 23 to 16, 15 to 8, and 7 to 0.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 7
5.2.2
Command block registers
(1)
Data register (X'1F0')
The Data register is a 16-bit register for data block transfer between the device and the host
system. Data transfer mode is PIO or LBA mode.
(2)
Error register (X'1F1')
The Error register indicates the status of the command executed by the device. The contents
of this register are valid when the ERR bit of the Status register is 1.
This register contains a diagnostic code after power is turned on, a reset , or the EXECUTIVE
DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command is executed.
[Status at the completion of command execution other than diagnostic command]
Bit 7
Bit 6
UNC
Bit 5
X
Bit 4
Bit 3
X
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ICRC
IDNF
ABRT TK0NF AMNF
X: Unused
- Bit 7:
Interface CRC error (ICRC). This bit indicates that an interface CRC error has
occurred during an Ultra DMA data transfer. The content of this bit is not
applicable for Multiword DMA transfers.
- Bit 6:
Uncorrectable Data Error (UNC). This bit indicates that an uncorrectable data
error has been encountered.
- Bit 5:
- Bit 4:
Unused
ID Not Found (IDNF). This bit indicates an error except for, uncorrectable error
and SB not found, and Aborted Command.
- Bit 3:
- Bit 2:
Unused
Aborted Command (ABRT). This bit indicates that the requested command was
aborted due to a device status error (e.g. Not Ready, Write Fault) or the command
code was invalid.
- Bit 1:
- Bit 0:
Track 0 Not Found (TK0NF). This bit indicates that track 0 was not found
during RECALIBRATE command execution.
Address Mark Not Found. This bit indicates that an SB not found error has been
encountered.
5 - 8
C141-E090-01EN
[Diagnostic code]
X'01': No Error Detected.
X'02': HDC Register Compare Error
X'03': Data Buffer Compare Error.
X'05': ROM Sum Check Error.
X'80': Device 1 (slave device) Failed.
Error register of the master device is valid under two devices (master and slave)
configuration. If the slave device fails, the master device posts X’80’ OR (the
diagnostic code) with its own status (X'01' to X'05').
However, when the host system selects the slave device, the diagnostic code of the
slave device is posted.
(3)
(4)
Features register (X'1F1')
The Features register provides specific feature to a command. For instance, it is used with SET
FEATURES command to enable or disable caching.
Sector Count register (X'1F2')
The Sector Count register indicates the number of sectors of data to be transferred in a read or
write operation between the host system and the device. When the value in this register is
X'00', the sector count is 256.
When this register indicates X'00' at the completion of the command execution, this indicates
that the command is completed successfully. If the command is not completed successfully,
this register indicates the number of sectors to be transferred to complete the request from the
host system. That is, this register indicates the number of remaining sectors that the data has
not been transferred due to the error.
The contents of this register has other definition for the following commands; INITIALIZE
DEVICE PARAMETERS, FORMAT TRACK, SET FEATURES, IDLE, STANDBY and SET
MULTIPLE MODE.
(5)
Sector Number register (X'1F3')
The contents of this register indicates the starting sector number for the subsequent command.
The sector number should be between X'01' and [the number of sectors per track defined by
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command.
Under the LBA mode, this register indicates LBA bits 7 to 0.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 9
(6)
(7)
(8)
Cylinder Low register (X'1F4')
The contents of this register indicates low-order 8 bits of the starting cylinder address for any
disk-access.
At the end of a command, the contents of this register are updated to the current cylinder
number.
Under the LBA mode, this register indicates LBA bits 15 to 8.
Cylinder High register (X'1F5')
The contents of this register indicates high-order 8 bits of the disk-access start cylinder
address.
At the end of a command, the contents of this register are updated to the current cylinder
number. The high-order 8 bits of the cylinder address are set to the Cylinder High register.
Under the LBA mode, this register indicates LBA bits 23 to 16.
Device/Head register (X'1F6')
The contents of this register indicate the device and the head number.
When executing INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command, the contents of this
register defines "the number of heads minus 1".
Bit 7
X
Bit 6
L
Bit 5
X
Bit 4
DEV
Bit 3
HS3
Bit 2
HS2
Bit 1
HS1
Bit 0
HS0
- Bit 7:
- Bit 6:
- Bit 5:
- Bit 4:
- Bit 3:
- Bit 2:
- Bit 1:
- Bit 0:
Unused
L. 0 for CHS mode and 1 for LBA mode.
Unused
DEV bit. 0 for the master device and 1 for the slave device.
HS3 CHS mode head address 3 (23). LBA bit 27.
HS2 CHS mode head address 3 (22). LBA bit 26.
HS1 CHS mode head address 3 (21). LBA bit 25.
HS0 CHS mode head address 3 (20). LBA bit 24.
5 - 10
C141-E090-01EN
(9)
Status register (X'1F7')
The contents of this register indicate the status of the device. The contents of this register are
updated at the completion of each command. When the BSY bit is cleared, other bits in this
register should be validated within 400 ns. When the BSY bit is 1, other bits of this register
are invalid. When the host system reads this register while an interrupt is pending, it is
considered to be the Interrupt Acknowledge (the host system acknowledges the interrupt). Any
pending interrupt is cleared (negating INTRQ signal) whenever this register is read.
Bit 7
BSY
Bit 6
Bit 5
DF
Bit 4
DSC
Bit 3
DRQ
Bit 2
0
Bit 1
0
Bit 0
ERR
DRDY
- Bit 7:
Busy (BSY) bit. This bit is set whenever the Command register is accessed.
Then this bit is cleared when the command is completed. However, even if a
command is being executed, this bit is 0 while data transfer is being requested
(DRQ bit = 1).When BSY bit is 1, the host system should not write the command
block registers. If the host system reads any command block register when BSY
bit is 1, the contents of the Status register are posted. This bit is set by the device
under following conditions:
(a) Within 400 ns after RESET- is negated or SRST is set in the Device Control
register, the BSY bit is set. the BSY bit is cleared, when the reset process is
completed.
The BSY bit is set for no longer than 15 seconds after the IDD accepts reset.
(b) Within 400 ns from the host system starts writing to the Command register.
(c) Within 5 ms following transfer of 512 bytes data during execution of the
READ SECTOR(S), WRITE SECTOR(S), FORMAT TRACK, or WRITE
BUFFER command.
Within 5 ms following transfer of 512 bytes of data and the appropriate
number of ECC bytes during execution of READ LONG or WRITE LONG
command.
- Bit 6:
Device Ready (DRDY) bit. This bit indicates that the device is capable to
respond to a command.
The IDD checks its status when it receives a command. If an error is detected
(not ready state), the IDD clears this bit to 0. This is cleared to 0 at power-on and
it is cleared until the rotational speed of the spindle motor reaches the steady
speed.
- Bit 5:
- Bit 4:
The Device Write Fault (DF) bit. This bit indicates that a device fault (write
fault) condition has been detected.
If a write fault is detected during command execution, this bit is latched and
retained until the device accepts the next command or reset.
Device Seek Complete (DSC) bit. This bit indicates that the device heads are
positioned over a track.
In the IDD, this bit is always set to 1 after the spin-up control is completed.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 11
- Bit 3:
Data Request (DRQ) bit. This bit indicates that the device is ready to transfer
data of word unit or byte unit between the host system and the device.
- Bit 2:
- Bit 1:
- Bit 0:
Always 0.
Always 0.
Error (ERR) bit. This bit indicates that an error was detected while the previous
command was being executed. The Error register indicates the additional
information of the cause for the error.
(10)
Command register (X'1F7')
The Command register contains a command code being sent to the device. After this register
is written, the command execution starts immediately.
Table 5.3 lists the executable commands and their command codes. This table also lists the
necessary parameters for each command which are written to certain registers before the
Command register is written.
5 - 12
C141-E090-01EN
5.2.3
Control block registers
(1)
Alternate Status register (X'3F6')
The Alternate Status register contains the same information as the Status register of the
command block register.
The only difference from the Status register is that a read of this register does not imply
Interrupt Acknowledge and INTRQ signal is not reset.
Bit 7
BSY
Bit 6
Bit 5
DF
Bit 4
DSC
Bit 3
DRQ
Bit 2
0
Bit 1
0
Bit 0
ERR
DRDY
(2)
Device Control register (X'3F6')
The Device Control register contains device interrupt and software reset.
Bit 7
X
Bit 6
X
Bit 5
X
Bit 4
X
Bit 3
X
Bit 2
Bit 1
nIEN
Bit 0
0
SRST
- Bit 2:
SRST is the host software reset bit. When this bit is set, the device is held reset
state. When two device are daisy chained on the interface, setting this bit resets
both device simultaneously.
The slave device is not required to execute the DASP- handshake.
- Bit 1:
nIEN bit enables an interrupt (INTRQ signal) from the device to the host. When
this bit is 0 and the device is selected, an interruption (INTRQ signal) can be
enabled through a tri-state buffer. When this bit is 1 or the device is not selected,
the INTRQ signal is in the high-impedance state.
5.3
Host Commands
The host system issues a command to the device by writing necessary parameters in related
registers in the command block and writing a command code in the Command register.
The device can accept the command when the BSY bit is 0 (the device is not in the busy
status).
The host system can halt the uncompleted command execution only at execution of hardware
or software reset.
When the BSY bit is 1 or the DRQ bit is 1 (the device is requesting the data transfer) and the
host system writes to the command register, the correct device operation is not guaranteed.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 13
5.3.1
Command code and parameters
Table 5.4 lists the supported commands, command code and the registers that needed
parameters are written.
Table 5.4 Command code and parameters (1 of 2)
Command code (Bit)
Parameters used
Command name
7
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
6
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
X
X
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
X
X
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
X
X
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
R
0
FR SC SN CY DH
READ SECTOR(S)
READ MULTIPLE
READ DMA
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N*
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y*
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
Y
Y
D
D
D
D
D*
Y
Y
Y
D
D
R
R
1
READ VERIFY SECTOR(S)
WRITE MULTIPLE
WRITE DMA
R
0
WRITE VERIFY
WRITE SECTOR(S)
RECALIBRATE
R
X
X
1
SEEK
INITIALIZE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC
IDENTIFY DEVICE
IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA
SET FEATURES
0
0
1
SET MULTIPLE MODE
EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC
FORMAT TRACK
READ LONG
0
0
0
R
R
0
WRITE LONG
READ BUFFER
WRITE BUFFER
0
IDLE
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
IDLE IMMEDIATE
STANDBY
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
5 - 14
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.4 Command code and parameters (2 of 2)
Command code (Bit)
Parameters used
Command name
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FR SC SN CY DH
STANDBY IMMEDIATE
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
SLEEP
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
CHECK POWER MODE
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
SMART
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Y
D
FLUSH CACHE
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD
SECURITY ERASE PREPARE
SECURITY ERASE UNIT
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK
SECURITY SET PASSWORD
SECURITY UNLOCK
SET MAX ADDRESS
READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS
Notes:
FR : Features Register
SC : Sector Count Register
SN : Sector Number Register
CY: Cylinder Registers
DH : Drive/Head Register
R: R = 0 or 1
Y: Necessary to set parameters
Y*: Necessary to set parameters under the LBA mode.
N: Necessary to set parameters (The parameter is ignored if it is set.)
N*: May set parameters
D: The device parameter is valid, and the head parameter is ignored.
D*: The command is addressed to the master device, but both the master device and the
slave device execute it.
X: Do not care
C141-E090-02EN
5 - 15
5.3.2
Command descriptions
The contents of the I/O registers to be necessary for issuing a command and the example
indication of the I/O registers at command completion are shown as following in this
subsection.
Example: READ SECTOR(S)
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
Bit
7
0
´
6
0
5
1
´
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
L
DV
Head No. / LBA [MSB]
Start cylinder address [MSB]
/ LBA
Start cylinder address [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
Transfer sector count
xx
/ LBA [LSB]
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1F7H(ST)
1F6H(DH)
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
Error information
DV End Head No. / LBA [MSB]
L
´
´
End cylinder address [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder address [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
X‘00’
Error information
CM: Command register
DH: Device/Head register
CH: Cylinder High register
CL: Cylinder Low register
SN: Sector Number register
SC: Sector Count register
FR: Features register
ST: Status register
ER: Error register
L: LBA (logical block address) setting bit
DV: Device address. bit
x, xx: Do not care (no necessary to set)
5 - 16
C141-E090-01EN
Note:
1. When the L bit is specified to 1, the lower 4 bits of the DH register and all bits of the
CH, CL and SN registers indicate the LBA bits (bits of the DH register are the MSB
(most significant bit) and bits of the SN register are the LSB (least significant bit).
2. At error occurrence, the SC register indicates the remaining sector count of data transfer.
3. In the table indicating I/O registers contents in this subsection, bit indication is omitted.
(1)
READ SECTOR(S) (X'20' or X'21')
This command reads data of sectors specified in the Sector Count register from the address specified
in the Device/Head, Cylinder High, Cylinder Low and Sector Number registers. Number of sectors
can be specified to 256 sectors in maximum. To specify 256 sectors reading, '00' is specified. For
the DRQ, INTRQ, and BSY protocols related to data transfer, see Subsection 5.4.1.
If the head is not on the track specified by the host, the device performs a implied seek. After
the head reaches to the specified track, the device reads the target sector.
The DRQ bit of the Status register is always set prior to the data transfer regardless of an error
condition.
Upon the completion of the command execution, command block registers contain the
cylinder, head, and sector addresses (in the CHS mode) or logical block address (in the LBA
mode) of the last sector read.
If an error occurs in a sector, the read operation is terminated at the sector where the error occurred.
Command block registers contain the cylinder, the head, and the sector addresses of the sector
(in the CHS mode) or the logical block address (in the LBA mode) where the error occurred,
and remaining number of sectors of which data was not transferred.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
R
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
Transfer sector count
xx
R = 0 or 1
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 17
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(2)
READ MULTIPLE (X'C4')
This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command. The device does not
generate an interrupt (assertion of the INTRQ signal) on each every sector. An interrupt is
generated after the transfer of a block of sectors for which the number is specified by the SET
MULTIPLE MODE command.
The implementation of the READ MULTIPLE command is identical to that of the READ
SECTOR(S) command except that the number of sectors is specified by the SET MULTIPLE
MODE command are transferred without intervening interrupts. In the READ MULTIPLE
command operation, the DRQ bit of the Status register is set only at the start of the data block,
and is not set on each sector.
The number of sectors (block count) to be transferred without interruption is specified by the
SET MULTIPLE MODE command. The SET MULTIPLE MODE command should be
executed prior to the READ MULTIPLE command.
When the READ MULTIPLE command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of
sectors requested (not a number of the block count or a number of sectors in a block).
Upon receipt of this command, the device executes this command even if the value of the Sector
Count register is less than the defined block count (the value of the Sector Count should not be 0).
If the number of requested sectors is not divided evenly (having the same number of sectors
[block count]), as many full blocks as possible are transferred, then a final partial block is
transferred. The number of sectors in the partial block to be transferred is n where n =
remainder of ("number of sectors"/"block count").
If the READ MULTIPLE command is issued before the SET MULTIPLE MODE command is
executed or when the READ MULTIPLE command is disabled, the device rejects the READ
MULTIPLE command with an ABORTED COMMAND error.
If an error occurs, reading sector is stopped at the sector where the error occurred. Command
block registers contain the cylinder, the head, the sector addresses (in the CHS mode) or the
logical block address (in the LBA mode) of the sector where the error occurred, and remaining
number of sectors that had not transferred after the sector where the error occurred.
An interrupt is generated when the DRQ bit is set at the beginning of each block or a partial block.
5 - 18
C141-E090-01EN
Figure 5.1 shows an example of the execution of the READ MULTIPLE command.
·
·
Block count specified by SET MULTIPLE MODE command = 4 (number of sectors in a
block)
READ MULTIPLE command specifies;
Number of requested sectors = 9 (Sector Count register = 9)
¯
Number of sectors in incomplete block = remainder of 9/4 =1
Command Issue
Parameter
Write
Status read
Status read
Status read
~
BSY
DRDY
INTRQ
DRQ
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
Sector
transferred
Partial
block
Block
Block
Figure 5.1 Execution example of READ MULTIPLE command
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1F6H(DH)
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
Transfer sector count
xx
/ LBA [LSB]
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00H (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of sectors for which
data was not transferred is set in this register.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 19
(3)
READ DMA (X'C8' or X'C9')
This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except for following
events.
·
·
·
The data transfer starts at the timing of DMARQ signal assertion.
The device controls the assertion or negation timing of the DMARQ signal.
The device posts a status as the result of command execution only once at completion of
the data transfer.
When an error, such as an unrecoverable medium error, that the command execution cannot be
continued is detected, the data transfer is stopped without transferring data of sectors after the erred
sector. The device generates an interrupt using the INTRQ signal and posts a status to the host
system. The format of the error information is the same as the READ SECTOR(S) command.
In LBA mode
The logical block address is specified using the start head No., start cylinder No., and first
sector No. fields. At command completion, the logical block address of the last sector and
remaining number of sectors of which data was not transferred, like in the CHS mode, are set.
The host system can select the DMA transfer mode by using the SET FEATURES command.
1) Multiword DMA transfer mode 2:
Sets the FR register = X'03' and SC register = X'22' by the SET FEATURES command
2) Ultra DMA transfer mode 2:
Sets the FR register = X'03' and SC register = X'42' by the SET FEATURES command
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
R
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
Transfer sector count
xx
R = 0 or 1
5 - 20
C141-E090-01EN
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(4)
READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) (X'40' or X'41')
This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the data is
not transferred to the host system.
After all requested sectors are verified, the device clears the BSY bit of the Status register and
generates an interrupt. Upon the completion of the command execution, the command block
registers contain the cylinder, head, and sector number of the last sector verified.
If an error occurs, the verify operation is terminated at the sector where the error occurred. The
command block registers contain the cylinder, the head, and the sector addresses (in the CHS
mode) or the logical block address (in the LBA mode) of the sector where the error occurred.
The Sector Count register indicates the number of sectors that have not been verified.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
R
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
Transfer sector count
xx
R = 0 or 1
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 21
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(5)
WRITE SECTOR(S) (X'30' or X'31')
This command writes data of sectors from the address specified in the Device/Head, Cylinder
High, Cylinder Low, and Sector Number registers to the address specified in the Sector Count
register. Number of sectors can be specified to 256 sectors in maximum. Data transfer begins
at the sector specified in the Sector Number register. For the DRQ, INTRQ, and BSY
protocols related to data transfer, see Subsection 5.4.2.
If the head is not on the track specified by the host, the device performs a implied seek. After
the head reaches to the specified track, the device writes the target sector.
The data stored in the buffer, and CRC code and ECC bytes are written to the data field of the
corresponding sector(s). Upon the completion of the command execution, the command block
registers contain the cylinder, head, and sector addresses of the last sector written.
If an error occurs during multiple sector write operation, the write operation is terminated at
the sector where the error occurred. Command block registers contain the cylinder, the head,
the sector addresses (in the CHS mode) or the logical block address (in the LBA mode) of the
sector where the error occurred. Then the host can read the command block registers to
determine what error has occurred and on which sector the error has occurred.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
R
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
Transfer sector count
xx
R = 0 or 1
5 - 22
C141-E090-01EN
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(6)
WRITE MULTIPLE (X'C5')
This command is similar to the WRITE SECTOR(S) command. The device does not generate
interrupts (assertion of the INTRQ signal) on each sector but on the transfer of a block which
contains the number of sectors for which the number is defined by the SET MULTIPLE
MODE command.
The implementation of the WRITE MULTIPLE command is identical to that of the WRITE
SECTOR(S) command except that the number of sectors is specified by the SET MULTIPLE
MODE command are transferred without intervening interrupts. In the WRITE MULTIPLE
command operation, the DRQ bit of the Status register is required to set only at the start of the
data block, not on each sector.
The number of sectors (block count) to be transferred without interruption is specified by the
SET MULTIPLE MODE command. The SET MULTIPLE MODE command should be
executed prior to the WRITE MULTIPLE command.
When the WRITE MULTIPLE command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number
of sectors requested (not a number of the block count or a number of sectors in a block).
Upon receipt of this command, the device executes this command even if the value of the Sector
Count register is less than the defined block count the value of the Sector Count should not be 0).
If the number of requested sectors is not divided evenly (having the same number of sectors
[block count]), as many full blocks as possible are transferred, then a final partial block is
transferred. The number of sectors in the partial block to be transferred is n where n =
remainder of ("number of sectors"/"block count").
If the WRITE MULTIPLE command is issued before the SET MULTIPLE MODE command
is executed or when WRITE MULTIPLE command is disabled, the device rejects the WRITE
MULTIPLE command with an ABORTED COMMAND error.
Disk errors encountered during execution of the WRITE MULTIPLE command are posted after
attempting to write the block or the partial block that was transferred. Write operation ends at the
sector where the error was encountered even if the sector is in the middle of a block. If an error
occurs, the subsequent block shall not be transferred. Interrupts are generated when the DRQ bit of
the Status register is set at the beginning of each block or partial block.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 23
The contents of the command block registers related to addresses after the transfer of a data
block containing an erred sector are undefined. To obtain a valid error information, the host
should retry data transfer as an individual requests.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
Transfer sector count
xx
/ LBA [LSB]
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00H
Error information
Note:
When the command terminates due to error, only the DV bit and the error information
field are valid.
(7)
WRITE DMA (X'CA' or X'CB')
This command operates similarly to the WRITE SECTOR(S) command except for following
events.
·
·
·
The data transfer starts at the timing of DMARQ signal assertion.
The device controls the assertion or negation timing of the DMARQ signal.
The device posts a status as the result of command execution only once at completion of
the data transfer.
When an error, such as an unrecoverable medium error, that the command execution cannot be
continued is detected, the data transfer is stopped without transferring data of sectors after the
erred sector. The device generates an interrupt using the INTRQ signal and posts a status to
the host system. The format of the error information is the same as the WRITE SECTOR(S)
command.
A host system can be select the following transfer mode using the SET FEATURES
command.
5 - 24
C141-E090-01EN
1) Multiword DMA transfer mode 2:
Sets the FR register = X'03' and SC register = X'22' by the SET FEATURES command
2) Ultra DMA transfer mode 2:
Sets the FR register = X'03' and SC register = X'42' by the SET FEATURES command
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
R
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
Transfer sector count
xx
/ LBA [LSB]
R = 0 or 1
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(8)
WRITE VERIFY (X'3C')
This command operates similarly to the WRITE SECTOR(S) command except that the device
verifies each sector immediately after being written. The verify operation is a read and check for
data errors without data transfer. Any error that is detected during the verify operation is posted.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
L
DV Start head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Start cylinder No. [MSB]/ LBA
Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Start sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
Transfer sector count
xx
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 25
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV End head No. /LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(9)
RECALIBRATE (X'1x', x: X'0' to X'F')
This command performs the calibration. Upon receipt of this command, the device sets BSY
bit of the Status register and performs a calibration. When the device completes the
calibration, the device updates the Status register, clears the BSY bit, and generates an
interrupt.
This command can be issued in the LBA mode.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
0
0
1
x
x
x
x
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
5 - 26
C141-E090-01EN
(10)
SEEK (X'7x', x : X'0' to X'F')
This command performs a seek operation to the track and selects the head specified in the
command block registers. After completing the seek operation, the device clears the BSY bit
in the Status register and generates an interrupt.
The IDD always sets the DSC bit (Drive Seek Complete status) of the Status register to 1.
In the LBA mode, this command performs the seek operation to the cylinder and head position
in which the sector is specified with the logical block address.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
1
1
1
x
x
x
x
L
DV
Head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Cylinder No. [MSB]
Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Sector No. / LBA [LSB]
/ LBA
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV Head No. /LBA [MSB]
Cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Sector No. / LBA [LSB]
xx
Error information
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 27
(11)
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS (X'91')
The host system can set the number of sectors per track and the maximum head number
(maximum head number is "number of heads minus 1") per cylinder with this command.
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of Status register and saves the
parameters. Then the device clears the BSY bit and generates an interrupt.
When the SC register is specified to X'00', an ABORTED COMMAND error is posted. Other
than X'00' is specified, this command terminates normally.
The parameters set by this command are retained even after reset or power save operation
regardless of the setting of disabling the reverting to default setting.
In LBA mode
The device ignores the L bit specification and operates with the CHS mode specification. An
accessible area of this command within head moving in the LBA mode is always within a default
area. It is recommended that the host system refers the addressable user sectors (total number of
sectors) in word 60 to 61 of the parameter information by the IDENTIFY DEVICE command.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
DV
Max. head No.
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
Number of sectors/track
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV Max. head No.
1F6H(DH)
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error Information
(12)
IDENTIFY DEVICE (X'EC')
The host system issues the IDENTIFY DEVICE command to read parameter information (512
bytes) from the device. Upon receipt of this command, the drive sets the BSY bit of Status
register and sets required parameter information in the sector buffer. The device then sets the
DRQ bit of the Status register, and generates an interrupt. After that, the host system reads the
information out of the sector buffer. Table 5.5 shows the arrangements and values of the
parameter words and the meaning in the buffer.
5 - 28
C141-E090-01EN
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 29
Table 5.5 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (1 of 4)
Word
0
Value
X‘045A’
*2
Description
General Configuration *1
Number of cylinders
Reserved
1
2
X‘0000’
*3
3
Number of Heads
Retired
4
X‘0000’
X‘0000’
X‘003F’
5
Retired
6
Number of sectors per track
7-9
10-19
20
X‘000000000000’ Retired
–
Serial number (ASCII code) *4
X‘0000’
X‘1000’
X‘0004’
–
Retired
21
Buffer size in 512 byte increments
22
Number of ECC bytes transferred at READ LONG or WRITE LONG command
Firmware revision (ASCII code) *5
Model number (ASCII code) *6
23-26
27-46
47
–
X‘8010’
X‘0000’
X‘0B00’
X‘0000’
X‘0200’
X‘0000’
X‘0007’
(Variable)
(Variable)
(Variable)
(Variable)
*10
Maximum number of sectors per interrupt on READ/WRITE MULTIPLE command
Reserved
48
49
Capabilities *7
50
Reserved
51
PIO data transfer mode *8
52
Retired
53
Enable/disable setting of words 54-58, 64-70 and 88 *9
umber of current Cylinders
54
55
Number of current Head
56
Number of current sectors per track
Total number of current sectors
57-58
59
Transfer sector count currently set by READ/WRITE MULTIPLE command
Total number of user addressable sectors (LBA mode only)
Retired
60-61
62
*11
X‘0000’
X‘xx07’
X‘0003’
X‘0078’
X‘0078’
X‘0078’
X‘0078’
X‘00’
63
Multiword DMA transfer mode *12
Advance PIO transfer mode support status *13
Minimum multiword DMA transfer cycle time per word : 120 [ns]
Manufacturer's recommended DMA transfer cycle time : 120 [ns]
Minimum PIO transfer cycle time without flow control : 120 [ns]
Minimum PIO transfer cycle time with IORDY flow control : 120 [ns]
Reserved
64
65
66
67
68
69-79
80
X‘001E’
X‘0000’
X‘346B’
X‘4008’
X‘4000’
X‘00xx’
X‘000x’
X‘4000’
X‘xx1F’
X‘00xx’
X‘0000’
X‘00xx’
X‘0000’
X‘x000’
X‘00’
Major version number *14
81
Minor version number (not reported)
Support of command sets *15
82
83
Support of command sets *16
84
Support of command set/feature extension (fixed)
Enable/disable Command set/feature enabled. *17
Enable/disable Command set/feature enabled. *18
Default of command set/feature (fixed)
Ultra DMA modes *19
85
86
87
88
89
Time required for security erase unit completion *20
Time required for Enhanced security erase completion
Current advanced power management value
Reserved
90
91
92
93
CBLID detection results *21
94-127
128
129-255
Reserved
X‘xx’
Security Status
X‘00’
Reserved
5 - 30
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.5 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (2 of 4)
*1 Word 0: General configuration
Bit 15: 0 = ATA device
0
Bit 14-8: Vendor specific
Bit 7: 1 = Removable media device
Bit 6: 1 = not removable controller and/or device
Bit 5-1: Vendor specific
0
1
Bit 0: Reserved
0
*2 Number of Cylinders, *3 Number of Heads,
*11 Total number of user addressable sectors (LBA mode only.)
MPE3102AH
MPE3136AH
X‘3FFF’
X‘0010’
X‘01971988’ X‘0262A64C’
MPE3204AH
MPE3273AH
X‘032E3310’
*2
*3
*11
X‘01315326’
*4 Word 10-19: Serial number; ASCII code (20 characters, right-justified)
*5 Word 23-26: Firmware revision; ASCII code (8 characters, Left-justified)
*6 Word 27-46: Model number;
ASCII code (40 characters, Left-justified), remainder filled with blank code (X'20')
One of the following model numbers;
MPE3102AH, MPE3136AH, MPE3204AH, MPE3273AH
*7 Word 49: Capabilities
Bit 15-14: Reserved
Bit 13:
Bit 12:
Bit 11:
Bit 10:
Bit 9:
Standby timer value 0 = Standby timer values shall be managed by the device
Reserved
IORDY support
1=Supported
IORDY inhibition 0=Disable inhibition
LBA support
DMA support
1=Supported
1=Supported
Bit 8:
Bit 7-0: Vendor specific
*8 Word 51: PIO data transfer mode
Bit 15-8: PIO data transfer mode
Bit 7-0: Vendor specific
X'02'=PIO mode 2
*9 Word 53: Enable/disable setting of word 54-58 ,64-70 and 88
Bit 15-3: Reserved
Bit 2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
Enable/disable setting of word 88
Enable/disable setting of word 64-70 1=Enable
Enable/disable setting of word 54-58 1=Enable
1=Enable
*10 Word 59: Transfer sector count currently set by READ/WRITE MULTIPLE command
Bit 15-9: Reserved
Bit 8:
Multiple sector transfer 1=Enable
Bit 7-0: Transfer sector count currently set by READ/WRITE MULTIPLE without interrupt
supports 2, 4, 8 and 16 sectors.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 31
Table 5.5 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (3 of 4)
*12 Word 63: Multiword DMA transfer mode
Bit 15-8: Currently used multiword DMA transfer mode
Bit 7-0: Supportable multiword DMA transfer mode
Bit 2=1 Mode 2
Bit 1=1 Mode 1
Bit 0=1 Mode 0
*13 Word 64: Advance PIO transfer mode support status
Bit 15-8: Reserved
Bit 7-0: Advance PIO transfer mode
Bit 1=1 Mode 4
Bit 0=1 Mode 3
*14 Word 80: Major version number
Bit 15-5: Reserved
Bit 4:
Bit 3:
Bit 2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
ATA-4 Supported=1
ATA-3 Supported=1
ATA-2 Supported=1
ATA-1 Supported=1
Undefined
*15 Word 82: Support of command sets
Bit 15: Reserved
Bit 14: NOP command supported = 0
Bit 13: Read Buffer command supported = 1
Bit 12: Write Buffer command supported = 1
Bit 11: Write Verify command supported (Old Spec.) = 0
Bit 10: Host Protected Area feature command supported = 1
Bit 9:
Bit 8:
Bit 7:
Bit 6:
Bit 5:
Bit 4:
Bit 3:
Bit 2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
Device Reset command supported = 0
SERVICE Interrupt supported = 0
Release Interrupt supported = 0
Lock Ahead supported = 1
Write-cache supported = 1
Packet command feature set supported = 0
Power Management feature set supported=1
Removable feature set supported=0
Security feature set supported=1
SMART feature set supported=1
*16 Word 83: Support of command sets
Bit 15:
Bit 14:
0
1
Bit 13-5: Reserved
Bit 4:
Bit 3:
Bit 2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
Removable Media Status Notification feature set supported = 0
Advanced Power Management feature set supported = 1
CFA feature set supported = 0
READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED supported = 0
DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command supported = 0
5 - 32
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.5 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (4 of 4)
*17 Word 85: Enable/disable Command set/feature enabled
Bit 15:
Bit 14:
Bit 13:
Bit 12:
Bit 11:
Bit 10:
Bit 9:
Bit 8:
Bit 7:
Bit 6:
Bit 5:
Bit 4:
Bit 3:
Bit 2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
Reserved
NOP command supported = 0
READ BUFFER command supported = 0
WRITE BUFFER command supported = 0
Reserved
Host Protected Area feature set supported = 0
DEVICE RESET command supported = 0
SERVICE interrupt enabled = 0
Release interrupt enabled = 0
Look-ahead enabled = 1
Write cache enabled = 1
PACKET Command feature set supported = 0
Power Management feature set supported = 0
Removable Media feature set supported = 0
Security Mode feature set enabled = 1
SMART feature set enabled = 1
*18 Word 86: Enable/disable Command set/feature enabled
Bit 15-5: Reserved
Bit 4:
Bit 3:
Bit 2:
Bit 1:
Bit 0:
Removable Media Status Notification feature set enabled = 0
Advanced Power Managementfeature set enabled = 1
CFA feature set supported = 0
READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED command supported = 0
DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command supported = 0
*19 Word 88: Ultra DMA modes
Bit 15-13: Reserved
Bit 12-8: Currently used Ultra DMA transfer modes
Bit 7-5: Reserved
Bit 4-0: Supportable Ultra DMA transfer mode
Bit 4=1 Mode 4
Bit 3=1 Mode 3
Bit 2=1 Mode 2
Bit 1=1 Mode 1
Bit 0=1 Mode 0
*20 Word 89: Time required for SECURITY ERASE UNIT command to complete
MPE3102AH: X’0009’ (18 minutes)
MPE3136AH: X’000C’ (24 minutes)
MPE3204AH: X’0012’ (36 minutes)
MPE3273AH: X’0018’ (48 minutes)
*21 Word 93: CBLID– detection results
Bit 15-14: Reserved
Bit 13:
Device detected CBLID– above VIH (80-conductor cable) = 1
Device detected CBLID– below VIL (40-conductor cable) = 0
Reserved
Bit 12-0:
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 33
(13)
IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA (X'EE')
When this command is not used to transfer data to the host in DMA mode, this command
functions in the same way as the Identify Device command.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(14)
SET FEATURES (X'EF')
The host system issues the SET FEATURES command to set parameters in the Features
register for the purpose of changing the device features to be executed. For the transfer mode
(Feature register = 03), detail setting can be done using the Sector Count register.
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and saves the
parameters in the Features register. Then, the device clears the BSY bit, and generates an
interrupt.
If the value in the Features register is not supported or it is invalid, the device posts an
ABORTED COMMAND error.
Table 5.6 lists the available values and operational modes that may be set in the Features
register.
5 - 34
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.6 Features register values and settable modes
Features Register
X‘02’
Drive operation mode
Enables the write cache function.
X‘03’
Specifies the transfer mode. Supports PIO mode 4, single word DMA mode
2, and multiword DMA mode regardless of Sector Count register contents.
X‘04’
X‘05’
X‘33’
X‘54’
X‘55’
X‘66’
X‘77’
X‘81’
X‘82’
X‘84’
X‘85’
X‘88’
X‘89’
X‘AA’
X‘AB’
X‘BB’
No operation.
Enable the advanced power management function.
No operation.
No operation.
Disables read cache function.
Disables the reverting to power-on default settings after software reset.
No operation.
No operation.
Disables the write cache function.
No operation.
Disable the advanced power management function.
No operation.
No operation.
Enables the read cache function.
No operation.
Specifies the transfer of 4-byte ECC for READ LONG and WRITE LONG
commands.
X‘CC’
Enables the reverting to power-on default settings after software reset.
At power-on or after hardware reset, the default mode is the same as that is set with a value
greater than X‘AA’ (except for write cache). If X‘66’ is specified, it allows the setting value
greater than X‘AA’ which may have been modified to a new value since power-on, to remain
the same even after software reset.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 35
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx or transfer mode
[See Table 5.6]
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
The host sets X'03' to the Features register. By issuing this command with setting a value to
the Sector Count register, the transfer mode can be selected. Upper 5 bits of the Sector Count
register defines the transfer type and lower 3 bits specifies the binary mode value.
However, the IDD can operate with the PIO transfer mode 4 and multiword DMA transfer
mode 2 regardless of reception of the SET FEATURES command for transfer mode setting.
The IDD supports following values in the Sector Count register value. If other value than
below is specified, an ABORTED COMMAND error is posted.
PIO default transfer mode
00000 000 (X‘00’)
PIO flow control transfer mode X
00001 000 (X‘08’: Mode 0)
00001 001 (X‘09’: Mode 1)
00001 010 (X‘0A’: Mode 2)
00001 011 (X‘0B’: Mode 3)
00001 100 (X‘0C’: Mode 4)
Multiword DMA transfer mode X
Ultra DMA transfer mode X
00100 000 (X‘20’: Mode 0)
00100 001 (X‘21’: Mode 1)
00100 010 (X‘22’: Mode 2)
01000 000 (X‘40’: Mode 0)
01000 001 (X‘41’: Mode 1)
01000 010 (X‘42’: Mode 2)
01000 011 (X‘43’: Mode 3)
01000 100 (X‘44’: Mode 4)
5 - 36
C141-E090-01EN
(15)
SET MULTIPLE MODE (X'C6')
This command enables the device to perform the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE
commands. The block count (number of sectors in a block) for these commands are also
specified by the SET MULTIPLE MODE command.
The number of sectors per block is written into the Sector Count register. The IDD supports 2,
4, 8 and 16 (sectors) as the block counts.
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and checks
the contents of the Sector Count register. If the contents of the Sector Count register is valid
and is a supported block count, the value is stored for all subsequent READ MULTIPLE and
WRITE MULTIPLE commands. Execution of these commands is then enabled. If the value
of the Sector Count register is not a supported block count, an ABORTED COMMAND error
is posted and the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are disabled.
If the contents of the Sector Count register is 0 when the SET MULTIPLE MODE command
is issued, the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are disabled.
When the SET MULTIPLE MODE command operation is completed, the device clears the
BSY bit and generates an interrupt.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
Sector count/block
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
Sector count/block
Error information
After power-on or after hardware reset, the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE
command operation are disabled as the default mode.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 37
Regarding software reset, the mode set prior to software reset is retained after software reset.
The parameters for the multiple commands which are posted to the host system when the
IDENTIFY DEVICE command is issued are listed below. See Subsection 5.3.2 for the
IDENTIFY DEVICE command.
Word 47 = 8010: Maximum number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt by the
READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are 16 (fixed).
Word 59 = 0000: The READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are
disabled.
= 01xx:
The READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are
enabled. "xx" indicates the current setting for number of sectors that can
be transferred per interrupt by the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE
MULTIPLE commands.
e.g. 0110 = Block count of 16 has been set by the SET MULTIPLE
MODE command.
(16)
EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC (X'90')
This command performs an internal diagnostic test (self-diagnosis) of the device. This
command usually sets the DRV bit of the Drive/Head register is to 0 (however, the DV bit is
not checked). If two devices are present, both devices execute self-diagnosis.
If device 1 is present:
·
·
·
Both devices shall execute self-diagnosis.
The device 0 waits for up to 5 seconds until device 1 asserts the PDIAG- signal.
If the device 1 does not assert the PDIAG- signal but indicates an error, the device 0 shall
append X‘80’ to its own diagnostic status.
·
·
The device 0 clears the BSY bit of the Status register and generates an interrupt. (The
device 1 does not generate an interrupt.)
A diagnostic status of the device 0 is read by the host system. When a diagnostic failure
of the device 1 is detected, the host system can read a status of the device 1 by setting the
DV bit (selecting the device 1).
When device 1 is not present:
·
·
The device 0 posts only the results of its own self-diagnosis.
The device 0 clears the BSY bit of the Status register, and generates an interrupt.
Table 5.7 lists the diagnostic code written in the Error register which is 8-bit code.
If the device 1 fails the self-diagnosis, the device 0 "ORs" X‘80’ with its own status and sets
that code to the Error register.
5 - 38
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.7 Diagnostic code
Code
Result of diagnostic
X‘01’
X‘03’
X‘05’
X‘8x’
No error detected.
Data buffer compare error
ROM sum check error
Failure of device 1
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
00
1F6H(DH)
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
00
00
01H
01H
Diagnostic code
(17)
FORMAT TRACK (X'50')
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the DRQ bit and waits the completion of 512-
byte format parameter transfer from the host system. After completion of transfer, the device
clears the DRQ bits, sets the BSY bit. However the device does not perform format operation,
but the drive clears the BYS bit and generates an interrupt soon. When the command
execution completes, the device clears the BSY bit and generates an interrupt.
The drive supports this command for keep the compatibility with previous drive only.
READ LONG (X'22' or X'23')
(18)
This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the device
transfers the data in the requested sector and the ECC bytes to the host system. The ECC error
correction is not performed for this command. This command is used for checking ECC
function by combining with the WRITE LONG command.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 39
The READ LONG command supports only single sector operation.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
R
L
DV
Head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Cylinder No. [MSB]
Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
/ LBA
Sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
Number of sectors to be transferred
xx
R = 0 or 1
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV Head No. /LBA [MSB]
Cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Sector No. / LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, this register indicates 01.
(19)
WRITE LONG (X'32' or X'33')
This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the device
writes the data and the ECC bytes transferred from the host system to the disk medium. The
device does not generate ECC bytes by itself. The WRITE LONG command supports only
single sector operation.
This command is operated under the following conditions:
·
The command is issued in a sequence of the READ LONG or WRITE LONG (to the same
address) command issuance. (WRITE LONG command can be continuously issued after
the READ LONG command.)
If above condition is not satisfied, the command operation is not guaranteed.
5 - 40
C141-E090-01EN
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
R
L
DV
Head No. /LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Cylinder No. [MSB]
Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
/ LBA
Sector No.
/ LBA [LSB]
Number of sectors to be transferred
xx
R = 0 or 1
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV Head No. /LBA [MSB]
Cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
1F6H(DH)
L
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
Sector No. / LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1 If the command is terminated due to an error, this register indicates 01.
(20)
READ BUFFER (X'E4')
The host system can read the current contents of the sector buffer of the device by issuing this
command. Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of Status register and
sets up the sector buffer for a read operation. Then the device sets the DRQ bit of Status
register, clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt. After that, the host system can read up
to 512 bytes of data from the buffer.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 41
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(21)
WRITE BUFFER (X'E8')
The host system can overwrite the contents of the sector buffer of the device with a desired
data pattern by issuing this command. Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY
bit of the Status register. Then the device sets the DRQ bit of Status register and clears the
BSY bit when the device is ready to receive the data. After that, 512 bytes of data is
transferred from the host and the device writes the data to the sector buffer, then generates an
interrupt.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
5 - 42
C141-E090-01EN
(22)
IDLE (X'97' or X'E3')
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register, and enters
the idle mode. Then, the device clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt. The device
generates an interrupt even if the device has not fully entered the idle mode. If the spindle of
the device is already rotating, the spin-up sequence shall not be implemented.
If the contents of the Sector Count register is other than 0, the automatic power-down function
is enabled and the timer starts countdown immediately. When the timer reaches the specified
time, the device enters the standby mode.
If the contents of the Sector Count register is 0, the automatic power-down function is
disabled.
Enabling the automatic power-down function means that the device automatically enters the
standby mode after a certain period of time. When the device enters the idle mode, the timer
starts countdown. If any command is not issued while the timer is counting down, the device
automatically enters the standby mode. If any command is issued while the timer is counting
down, the timer is initialized and the command is executed. The timer restarts countdown after
completion of the command execution.
The period of timer count is set depending on the value of the Sector Count register as shown
below.
Sector Count register value
[X'00']
Point of timer
Disable of timer
0
1 to 240
[X'01' to X'F0']
(Value ´ 5) seconds
(Value – 240) ´ 30 minutes
21 minutes
241 to 251 [X'F1' to X'FB']
252
253
[X'FC']
[X'FD']
8 hours
254 to 255 [X'FE' to X'FF']
21 minutes 15 seconds
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
X'97' or X'E3'
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
Period of timer
xx
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 43
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(23)
IDLE IMMEDIATE (X'95' or X'E1')
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register, and enters
the idle mode. Then, the device clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt. This command
does not support the automatic power-down function.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
X'95' or X'E1'
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
5 - 44
C141-E090-01EN
(24)
STANDBY (X'96' or X'E2')
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and enters the
standby mode. The device then clears the BSY bit and generates an interrupt. The device
generates an interrupt even if the device has not fully entered the standby mode. If the device
has already spun down, the spin-down sequence is not implemented.
If the contents of the Sector Count register is other than 0, the automatic power-down function
is enabled and the timer starts countdown when the device returns to idle mode.
When the timer value reaches 0 (passed a specified time), the device enters the standby mode.
If the contents of the Sector Count register is 0, the automatic power-down function is
disabled.
Under the standby mode, the spindle motor is stopped. Thus, when the command involving a
seek such as the READ SECTOR(s) command is received, the device processes the command
after driving the spindle motor.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
X'96' or X'E2'
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
Period of timer
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(25)
STANDBY IMMEDIATE (X'94' or X'E0')
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and enters the
standby mode. The device then clears the BSY bit and generates an interrupt. This command
does not support the automatic power-down sequence.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 45
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
X'94' or X'E0'
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(26)
SLEEP (X'99' or X'E6')
This command is the only way to make the device enter the sleep mode.
Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and enters the
sleep mode. The device then clears the BSY bit and generates an interrupt. The device
generates an interrupt even if the device has not fully entered the sleep mode.
In the sleep mode, the spindle motor is stopped and the ATA interface section is inactive. All
I/O register outputs are in high-impedance state.
The only way to release the device from sleep mode is to execute a software or hardware reset.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
X'99' or X'E6'
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
5 - 46
C141-E090-01EN
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(27)
CHECK POWER MODE (X'98' or X'E5')
The host checks the power mode of the device with this command.
The host system can confirm the power save mode of the device by analyzing the contents of
the Sector Count and Sector Number registers.
The device sets the BSY bit and sets the following register value. After that, the device clears
the BSY bit and generates an interrupt.
Power save mode
Sector Count register Sector Number register
• During moving to standby mode
• Standby mode
X'00'
N/A
• During returning from the standby mode
• Idle mode
X'FF'
X'FF'
X'00'
X'FF'
• Active mode
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 47
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
X'98' or X'E5'
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
X'00' or X'FF'
Error information
(28)
SMART (X'B0)
This command performs operations for device failure predictions according to a subcommand
specified in the FR register. If the value specified in the FR register is supported, the Aborted
Command error is posted.
It is necessary for the host to set the keys (CL = 4Fh and CH = C2h) in the CL and CH
registers prior to issuing this command. If the keys are set incorrectly, the Aborted Command
error is posted.
When the failure prediction feature is disabled, the Aborted Command error is posted in
response to subcommands other than SMART Enable Operations (FR register = D8h).
When the failure prediction feature is enabled, the device collects or updates several items to
forecast failures. In the following sections, note that the values of items collected or updated
by the device to forecast failures are referred to as attribute values.
5 - 48
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.8 Features Register values (subcommands) and functions
Features Resister Function
X’D0’
X’D1’
X’D2’
SMART Read Attribute Values:
A device that received this subcommand asserts the BSY bit and saves all the
updated attribute values. The device then clears the BSY bit and transfers 512-
byte attribute value information to the host.
* For information about the format of the attribute value information, see Table 5.9.
SMART Read Attribute Thresholds:
This subcommand is used to transfer 512-byte insurance failure threshold value
data to the host.
* For information about the format of the insurance failure threshold value data,
see Table 5.10.
SMART Enable-Disable Attribute AutoSave:
This subcommand is used to enable (SC register !!XX!! 00h) or disable (SC
register = 00h) the setting of the automatic saving feature for the device attribute
data. The setting is maintained every time the device is turned off and then on.
When the automatic saving feature is enabled, the attribute values are saved after
15 minutes passed since the previous saving of the attribute values. However, if
the failure prediction feature is disabled, the attribute values are not automatically
saved.
When the device receives this subcommand, it asserts the BSY bit, enables or
disables the automatic saving feature, then clears the BSY bit.
SMART Save Attribute Values:
When the device receives this subcommand, it asserts the BSY bit, saves device
attribute value data, then clears the BSY bit.
X’D3’
X’D8’
SMART Enable Operations:
This subcommand enables the failure prediction feature. The setting is
maintained even when the device is turned off and then on.
When the device receives this subcommand, it asserts the BSY bit, enables the
failure prediction feature, then clears the BSY bit.
X’D9’
X’DA’
SMART Disable Operations:
This subcommand disables the failure prediction feature. The setting is
maintained even when the device is turned off and then on.
When the device receives this subcommand, it asserts the BSY bit, disables the
failure prediction feature, then clears the BSY bit.
SMART Return Status:
When the device receives this subcommand, it asserts the BSY bit and saves the
current device attribute values. Then the device compares the device attribute
values with insurance failure threshold values. If there is an attribute value
exceeding the threshold, F4h and 2Ch are loaded into the CL and CH registers. If
there are no attribute values exceeding the thresholds, 4Fh and C2h are loaded
into the CL and CH registers. After the settings for the CL and CH registers have
been determined, the device clears the BSY bit
The host must regularly issue the SMART Read Attribute Values subcommand (FR register =
D0h), SMART Save Attribute Values subcommand (FR register = D3h), or SMART Return
Status subcommand (FR register = DAh) to save the device attribute value data on a medium.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 49
Alternative, the device must issue the SMART Enable-Disable Attribute AutoSave
subcommand (FR register = D2h) to use a feature which regularly save the device attribute
value data to a medium.
The host can predict failures in the device by periodically issuing the SMART Return Status
subcommand (FR register = DAh) to reference the CL and CH registers.
If an attribute value is below the insurance failure threshold value, the device is about to fail or
the device is nearing the end of it life . In this case, the host recommends that the user quickly
backs up the data.
At command issuance (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
Key (C2h)
Key (4Fh)
xx
xx
Subcommand
At command completion (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
Key-failure prediction status (C2h-2Ch)
Key-failure prediction status (4Fh-F4h)
xx
xx
Error information
5 - 50
C141-E090-01EN
The attribute value information is 512-byte data; the format of this data is shown below. The
host can access this data using the SMART Read Attribute Values subcommand (FR register =
D0h). The insurance failure threshold value data is 512-byte data; the format of this data is
shown below. The host can access this data using the SMART Read Attribute Thresholds
subcommand (FR register = D1h).
Table 5.9 Format of device attribute value data
Byte
Item
00
01
Data format version number
02
Attribute 1
Attribute ID
Status flag
03
04
05
Current attribute value
06
Attribute value for worst case so far
Raw attribute value
07
to
0C
0D
Reserved
0E
to
169
16A
to
Attribute 2 to
attribute 30
(The format of each attribute value is the same as
that of bytes 02 to 0D.)
Reserved
16F
170
171
Failure prediction capability flag
Reserved
172
to
181
182
to
1FE
1FF
Vendor specific
Check sum
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 51
Table 5.10 Format of insurance failure threshold value data
Byte
Item
00
01
Data format version number
02
03
04
Attribute 1
Attribute ID
Insurance failure threshold
Threshold 1
(Threshold of
attribute 1)
Reserved
to
0D
0E
to
169
16A
Threshold 2 to
threshold 30
(The format of each threshold value is the same as
that of bytes 02 to 0D.)
Reserved
to
17B
17C
to
Unique to vendor
Check sum
1FE
1FF
·
Data format version number
The data format version number indicates the version number of the data format of the
device attribute values or insurance failure thresholds. The data format version numbers of
the device attribute values and insurance failure thresholds are the same. When a data
format is changed, the data format version numbers are updated.
5 - 52
C141-E090-01EN
·
Attribute ID
The attribute ID is defined as follows:
Attribute ID
Attribute name
(Indicates unused attribute data.)
0
1
Read error rate
2
Throughput performance
Spin up time
3
4
Number of times the spindle motor is activated
Number of alternative sectors
Seek error rate
5
7
8
9
Seek time performance
Power-on time
10
Number of retries made to activate the spindle motor
Number of power-on-power-off times
(Reserved)
12
13 to 198
199
200
Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate
Write error rate
201 to 255 (Unique to vendor)
·
Status flag
Bit 0: If this bit is 1, the attribute is within the insurance range of the device when the
attribute exceeds the threshold.
If this bit is 0, the attribute is outside the insurance range of the device when the attribute
exceeds the threshold.
Bits 1 to 15: Reserved bits
Current attribute value
·
·
The current attribute value is the normalized raw attribute data. The value varies between
01h and 64h. The closer the value gets to 01h, the higher the possibility of a failure. The
device compares the attribute values with thresholds. When the attribute values are larger
than the thresholds, the device is operating normally.
Attribute value for the worst case so far
This is the worst attribute value among the attribute values collected to date. This value
indicates the state nearest to a failure so far.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 53
·
·
Raw attribute value
Raw attributes data is retained.
Failure prediction capability flag
Bit 0: The attribute value data is saved to a medium before the device enters power saving
mode.
Bit 1: The device automatically saves the attribute value data to a medium after the previously
set operation.
Bits 2 to 15: Reserved bits
Check sum
·
·
Two's complement of the lower byte, obtained by adding 511-byte data one byte at a time
from the beginning.
Insurance failure threshold
The limit of a varying attribute value. The host compares the attribute values with the
thresholds to identify a failure.
5 - 54
C141-E090-01EN
(29)
FLUSH CACHE (X ‘E7’)
This command is use by the host to request the device to flush the write cache. If the write
cache is to be flushed, all data cached shall be written to the media. The BSY bit shall remain
set to one until all data has been successfully written or an error occurs. The device should
use all error recovery methods available to ensure the data is written successfully. The
flushing of write cache may take several seconds to complete depending upon the amount of
data to be flushed and the success of the operation.
NOTE - This command may take longer than 30 s to complete.
If the command is not supported, the device shall set the ABRT bit to one. An unrecoverable
error encountered during execution of writing data results in the termination of the command
and the Command Block registers contain the sector address of the sector where the first
unrecoverable error occurred. The sector is removed from the cache. Subsequent FLUSH
CACHE commands continue the process of flushing the cache.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
X'E7'
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 55
(30)
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD (F6h)
This command invalidates the user password already set and releases the lock function.
The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 1.1 to the device. The device compares
the user password or master password in the transferred data with the user password or master
password already set, and releases the lock function if the passwords are the same.
Although this command invalidates the user password, the master password is retained. To
recover the master password, issue the SECURITY SET PASSWORD command and reset the
user password.
If the user password or master password transferred from the host does not match, the Aborted
Command error is returned.
Issuing this command while in LOCKED MODE or FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted
Command error.
(The section about the SECURITY FREEZE LOCK command describes LOCKED MODE
and FROZEN MODE.)
Table 5.11 Contents of security password
Word
0
Contents
Control word
Bit 0: Identifier
0 = Compares the user passwords.
1 = Compares the master passwords.
Bits 1 to 15: Reserved
Password (32 bytes)
1 to 16
17 to 255
Reserved
5 - 56
C141-E090-01EN
At command issuance (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(31)
SECURITY ERASE PREPARE (F3h)
The SECURITY ERASE UNIT command feature is enabled by issuing the SECURITY
ERASE PREPARE command and then the SECURITY ERASE UNIT command. The
SECURITY ERASE PREPARE command prevents data from being erased unnecessarily by
the SECURITY ERASE UNIT command.
Issuing this command during FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted Command error.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 57
At command issuance (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(32)
SECURITY ERASE UNIT (F4h)
This command erases all user data. This command also invalidates the user password and
releases the lock function.
The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 1.1 to the device. The device compares
the user password or master password in the transferred data with the user password or master
password already set. The device erases user data, invalidates the user password, and releases
the lock function if the passwords are the same.
Although this command invalidates the user password, the master password is retained. To
recover the master password, issue the SECURITY SET PASSWORD command and reset the
user password.
If the SECURITY ERASE PREPARE command is not issued immediately before this
command is issued, the Aborted Command error is returned.
Issuing this command while in FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted Command error.
5 - 58
C141-E090-01EN
At command issuance (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(33)
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK (F5h)
This command puts the device into FROZEN MODE. The following commands used to
change the lock function return the Aborted Command error if the device is in FROZEN
MODE.
·
·
·
·
SECURITY SET PASSWORD
SECURITY UNLOCK
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD
SECURITY ERASE UNIT
FROZEN MODE is canceled when the power is turned off. If this command is reissued in
FROZEN MODE, the command is completed and FROZEN MODE remains unchanged.
Issuing this command during LOCKED MODE returns the Aborted Command error.
The following medium access commands return the Aborted Command error when the device
is in LOCKED MODE:
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 59
·
·
·
·
READ DMA
·
·
·
·
·
WRITE DMA
·
·
·
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK
READ LONG
WRITE LONG
READ MULTIPLE
READ SECTORS
WRITE MULTIPLE
WRITE SECTORS
WRITE VETIFY
SECURITY SET PASSWORD
At command issuance (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(34)
SECURITY SET PASSWORD (F1h)
This command enables a user password or master password to be set.
The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 1.2 to the device. The device determines
the operation of the lock function according to the specifications of the Identifier bit and
Security level bit in the transferred data. (Table 1.3)
Issuing this command in LOCKED MODE or FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted
Command error.
5 - 60
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.12 Contents of SECURITY SET PASSWORD data
Word
0
Contents
Control word
Bit 0 Identifier
0 = Sets a user password.
1 = Sets a master password.
Bits 1 to 7 Reserved
Bit 8 Security level
0 = High
1 = Maximum
Bits 9 to 15 Reserved
Password (32 bytes)
Reserved
1 to 16
17 to 255
Table 5.13 Relationship between combination of Identifier and Security level, and
operation of the lock function
Indentifier
User
Level
High
Description
The specified password is saved as a new user password. The
lock function is enabled after the device is turned off and then
on. LOCKED MODE can be canceled using the user password
or the master password already set.
Master
User
High
The specified password is saved as a new master password. The
lock function is not enabled.
Maximum The specified password is saved as a new user password. The
lock function is enabled after the device is turned off and then
on. LOCKED MODE can be canceled using the user password
only. The master password already set cannot cancel LOCKED
MODE.
Master
Maximum The specified password is saved as a new master password. The
lock function is not enabled.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 61
At command issuance (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(35)
SECURITY UNLOCK (F2h)
This command cancels LOCKED MODE.
The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 1.1 to the device. Operation of the device
varies as follows depending on whether the host specifies the master password or user
password.
·
·
When the master password is selected
When the security level in LOCKED MODE is high, the password is compared with the
master password already set. If the passwords are the same, LOCKED MODE is canceled.
Otherwise, the Aborted Command error is returned. If the security level in LOCKED
MODE is set to the highest level, the Aborted Command error is always returned.
When the user password is selected
The password is compared with the user password already set. If the passwords are the
same, LOCKED MODE is canceled. Otherwise, the Aborted Command error is returned.
If the password comparison fails, the device decrements the UNLOCK counter. The
UNLOCK counter initially has a value of five. When the value of the UNLOCK counter
reaches zero, this command or the SECURITY ERASE UNIT command causes the Aborted
Command error until the device is turned off and then on, or until a hardware reset is
executed. Issuing this command with LOCKED MODE canceled (in UNLOCK MODE) has
no affect on the UNLOCK counter.
Issuing this command in FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted Command error.
5 - 62
C141-E090-01EN
At command issuance (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
DV
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
At command completion (I-O registers setting contents)
1F7H(ST)
Status information
DV
1F6H(DH)
xx
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
xx
xx
xx
Error information
(36)
SET MAX ADDRESS (F9)
This command allows the maximum address accessible by the user to be set in LBA or CHS
mode. Upon receipt of the command, the device sets the BSY bit and saves the maximum
address specified in the DH, CH, CL and SN registers. Then, it clears BSY and generates an
interrupt.
The new address information set by this command is reflected in Words 1, 54, 57, 58, 60 and
61 of IDENTIFY DEVICE information. If an attempt is made to perform a read or write
operation for an address beyond the new address space, an ID Not Found error will result.
When SC register bit 0, VV (Value Volatile), is 1, the value set by this command is held even
after power on and the occurrence of a hard reset. When the VV bit is 0, the value set by this
command becomes invalid when the power is turned on or a hard reset occurs, and the
maximum address returns to the value (default value if not set) most lately set when VV bit =
1.
After power on and the occurrence of a hard reset, the host can issue this command only once
when VV bit = 1. If this command with VV bit = 1 is issued twice or more, any command
following the first time will result in an Aborted Command error.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 63
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
L
DV
Max head/LBA [MSB]
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
Max. cylinder [MSB]/Max. LBA
Max. cylinder [LSB]/Max. LBA
Max. sector/Max. LBA [LSB]
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
VV
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV Max head/LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
Max. cylinder [MSB]/Max. LBA
Max. cylinder [LSB]/Max. LBA
Max. sector/Max. LBA [LSB]
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
xx
Error information
(37)
READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS (F8)
This command posts the maximum address intrinsic to the device, which can be set by the
SET MAX ADDRESS command. Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit
and indicates the maximum address in the DH, CH, CL and SN registers. Then, it clears BSY
and generates an interrupt.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)
1F6H(DH)
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
L
DV
xx
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(FR)
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
5 - 64
C141-E090-01EN
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST) Status information
DV Max head/LBA [MSB]
1F6H(DH)
´
´
´
1F5H(CH)
1F4H(CL)
1F3H(SN)
1F2H(SC)
1F1H(ER)
Max. cylinder [MSB]/Max. LBA
Max. cylinder [LSB]/Max. LBA
Max. sector/Max. LBA [LSB]
xx
Error information
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 65
5.3.3
Error posting
Table 5.14 lists the defined errors that are valid for each command.
Table 5.14 Command code and parameters
Command name
Error register (X'1F1')
Status register (X'1F7')
ICRC UNC
V
INDF
V
ABRT
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
*
TR0NF
DRDY
V
DWF
V
ERR
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
READ SECTOR(S)
WRITE SECTOR(S)
READ MULTIPLE
WRITE MULTIPLE
READ DMA
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
WRITE DMA
V
V
V
WRITE VERIFY
V
V
V
V
V
READ VERIFY SECTOR(S)
RECALIBRATE
V
V
V
V
V
V
SEEK
V
V
V
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS
IDENTIFY DEVICE
IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA
SET FEATURES
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
SET MULTIPLE MODE
EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC
FORMAT TRACK
V
V
*
*
*
*
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
READ LONG
WRITE LONG
READ BUFFER
WRITE BUFFER
IDLE
IDLE IMMEDIATE
STANDBY
STANDBY IMMEDIATE
SLEEP
CHECK POWER MODE
SMART
V
V
FLUSH CACHE
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD
SECURITY ERASE PREPARE
SECURITY ERASE UNIT
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK
SECURITY SET PASSWORD
SECURITY UNLOCK
SET MAX ADDRESS
READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS
V
Invalid command
V: Valid on this command
*: See the command descriptions.
5 - 66
C141-E090-01EN
5.4
Command Protocol
The host should confirm that the BSY bit of the Status register of the device is 0 prior to issue
a command. If BSY bit is 1, the host should wait for issuing a command until BSY bit is
cleared to 0.
Commands can be executed only when the DRDY bit of the Status register is 1. However, the
following commands can be executed even if DRDY bit is 0.
·
·
EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS
5.4.1
Data transferring commands from device to host
The execution of the following commands involves data transfer from the device to the host.
·
·
·
·
·
·
IDENTIFY DEVICE
IDENTIFY DEVICE DMA
READ SECTOR(S)
READ LONG
READ BUFFER
SMART: SMART Read Attribute Values, SMART Read Attribute Thresholds
The execution of these commands includes the transfer one or more sectors of data from the
device to the host. In the READ LONG command, 516 bytes are transferred. Following
shows the protocol outline.
a) The host writes any required parameters to the Features, Sector Count, Sector Number,
Cylinder, and Device/Head registers.
b) The host writes a command code to the Command register.
c) The device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and prepares for data transfer.
d) When one sector (or block) of data is available for transfer to the host, the device sets
DRQ bit and clears BSY bit. The drive then asserts INTRQ signal.
e) After detecting the INTRQ signal assertion, the host reads the Status register. The host
reads one sector of data via the Data register. In response to the Status register being read,
the device negates the INTRQ signal.
f) The drive clears DRQ bit to 0. If transfer of another sector is requested, the device sets the
BSY bit and steps d) and after are repeated.
Even if an error is encountered, the device prepares for data transfer by setting the DRQ bit.
Whether or not to transfer the data is determined for each host. In other words, the host
should receive the relevant sector of data (512 bytes of uninsured dummy data) or release the
DRQ status by resetting.
Figure 5.2 shows an example of READ SECTOR(S) command protocol, and Figure 5.3
shows an example protocol for command abort.
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Command
b c
Parameter write
Status read
e
Status read
~
• • • •
• • • •
a
e
BSY
d
f
d
DRDY
DRQ
INTRQ
Data transfer
Expanded
Command
Min. 30 ms (*1)
• • •
DRQ
INTRQ
Data Reg.
Selection
• • • •
• • • •
Data
IOR-
• • • •
Word
0
1
2
255
IOCS16-
*1 When the IDD receives a command that hits the cache data during read-ahead, and
transfers data from the buffer without reading from the disk medium.
Figure 5.2 Read Sector(s) command protocol
Even if the error status exists, the drive makes a preparation (setting the DRQ bit) of data
transfer. It is up to the host whether data is transferred. In other words, the host should
receive the data of the sector (512 bytes of uninsured dummy data) or release the DRQ by
resetting.
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Note:
For transfer of a sector of data, the host needs to read Status register (X'1F7') in order to
clear INTRQ (interrupt) signal. The Status register should be read within a period from the
DRQ setting by the device to 5 ms after the completion of the sector data transfer. Note
that the host does not need to read the Status register for the reading of a single sector or
the last sector in multiple-sector reading. If the timing to read the Status register does not
meet above condition, normal data transfer operation is not guaranteed.
When the host new command even if the device requests the data transfer (setting in DRQ
bit), the correct device operation is not guaranteed.
Command
Status read
Parameter write
~
BSY
DRDY
DRQ
INTRQ
Data transfer
* Transfers dummy data
* The host should receive 512-byte dummy data or release the DRQ set state by resetting.
Figure 5.3 Protocol for command abort
5.4.2
Data transferring commands from host to device
The execution of the following commands involves Data transfer from the host to the drive.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
FORMAT TRACK
WRITE SECTOR(S)
WRITE LONG
WRITE BUFFER
WRITE VERIFY
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD
SECURITY ERASE UNIT
SECURITY SET PASSWORD
SECURITY UNLOCK
The execution of these commands includes the transfer one or more sectors of data from the
host to the device. In the WRITE LONG command, 516 bytes are transferred. Following
shows the protocol outline.
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a) The host writes any required parameters to the Features, Sector Count, Sector Number,
Cylinder, and Device/Head registers.
b) The host writes a command code in the Command register. The drive sets the BSY bit of
the Status register.
c) When the device is ready to receive the data of the first sector, the device sets DRQ bit and
clears BSY bit.
d) The host writes one sector of data through the Data register.
e) The device clears the DRQ bit and sets the BSY bit.
f) When the drive completes transferring the data of the sector, the device clears BSY bit and
asserts INTRQ signal. If transfer of another sector is requested, the drive sets the DRQ bit.
g) After detecting the INTRQ signal assertion, the host reads the Status register.
h) The device resets INTRQ (the interrupt signal).
I) If transfer of another sector is requested, steps d) and after are repeated.
Figure 5.4 shows an example of WRITE SECTOR(S) command protocol, and Figure 5.3
shows an example protocol for command abort.
Command
Parameter write
Status read
g
Status read
g
~
b
• • • •
• • • •
a
f
BSY
DRDY
DRQ
c
e
h
INTRQ
Data transfer
d
d
Expanded
Command
DRQ
Max. 1 ms
• • •
Data Reg. Selection
Data
• • • •
• • • •
IOR-
• • • •
Word
0
1
2
255
IOCS16
Figure 5.4 WRITE SECTOR(S) command protocol
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C141-E090-01EN
Note:
For transfer of a sector of data, the host needs to read Status register (X'1F7') in order to
clear INTRQ (interrupt) signal. The Status register should be read within a period from the
DRQ setting by the device to 5 ms after the completion of the sector data transfer. Note
that the host does not need to read the Status register for the first and the last sector to be
transferred. If the timing to read the Status register does not meet above condition, normal
data transfer operation is not assured guaranteed.
When the host issues the command even if the drive requests the data transfer (DRQ bit is
set), or when the host executes resetting, the device correct operation is not guaranteed.
5.4.3
Commands without data transfer
Execution of the following commands does not involve data transfer between the host and the
device.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
RECALIBRATE
SEEK
READY VERIFY SECTOR(S)
EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS
SET FEATURES
SET MULTIPLE MODE
IDLE
IDLE IMMEDIATE
STANDBY
STANDBY IMMEDIATE
CHECK POWER MODE
FLUSH CACHE
SECURITY ERASE PREPARE
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK
SMART: except for SMART Read Attribute values and SMART Read Attribute
Thresholds
·
·
SET MAX ADDRESS
READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS
Figure 5.5 shows the protocol for the command execution without data transfer.
Command
Parameter write
Status read
~
BSY
DRDY
INTRQ
Figure 5.5 Protocol for the command execution without data transfer
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5.4.4
Other commands
·
·
·
READ MULTIPLE
SLEEP
WRITE MULTIPLE
See the description of each command.
5.4.5
DMA data transfer commands
·
·
READ DMA
WRITE DMA
Starting the DMA transfer command is the same as the READ SECTOR(S) or WRITE
SECTOR(S) command except the point that the host initializes the DMA channel preceding
the command issuance.
The interrupt processing for the DMA transfer differs the following point.
·
The interrupt processing for the DMA transfer differs the following point.
a) The host writes any parameters to the Features, Sector Count, Sector Number,
Cylinder, and Device/Head register.
b) The host initializes the DMA channel
c) The host writes a command code in the Command register.
d) The device sets the BSY bit of the Status register.
e) The device asserts the DMARQ signal after completing the preparation of data
transfer. The device asserts either the BSY bit during DMA data transfer.
f) When the command execution is completed, the device clears both BSY and DRQ
bits and asserts the INTRQ signal.
g) The host reads the Status register.
h) The host resets the DMA channel.
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C141-E090-01EN
Command
c, d
Status read
Parameter write
~
a
BSY
• •
DRDY
INTRQ
f
g
e
• •
DRQ
• •
Data transfer
Expanded
[Multiword DMA transfer]
DRQ
• • • •
• • • •
DMARQ
DMACK-
• • • •
• • • •
IOR- or
IOW-
Word
0
1
n-1
n
Figure 5.6 Normal DMA data transfer
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5.5
Ultra DMA feature set
Overview
5.5.1
Ultra DMA is a data transfer protocol used with the READ DMA and WRITE DMA
commands. When this protocol is enabled it shall be used instead of the Multiword DMA
protocol when these commands are issued by the host. This protocol applies to the Ultra
DMA data burst only. When this protocol is used there are no changes to other elements of
the ATA protocol (e.g.: Command Block Register access).
Several signal lines are redefined to provide new functions during an Ultra DMA burst. These
lines assume these definitions when 1) an Ultra DMA Mode is selected, and 2) a host issues a
READ DMA or a WRITE DMA, command requiring data transfer, and 3) the host asserts
DMACK-. These signal lines revert back to the definitions used for non-Ultra DMA transfers
upon the negation of DMACK- by the host at the termination of an Ultra DMA burst. All of
the control signals are unidirectional. DMARQ and DMACK- retain their standard
definitions.
With the Ultra DMA protocol, the control signal (STROBE) that latches data from DD (15:0)
is generated by the same agent (either host or device) that drives the data onto the bus.
Ownership of DD (15:0) and this data strobe signal are given either to the device during an
Ultra DMA data in burst or to the host for an Ultra DMA data out burst.
During an Ultra DMA burst a sender shall always drive data onto the bus, and after a sufficient
time to allow for propagation delay, cable settling, and setup time, the sender shall generate a
STROBE edge to latch the data. Both edges of STROBE are used for data transfers so that the
frequency of STROBE is limited to the same frequency as the data. The highest fundamental
frequency on the cable shall be 16.67 million transitions per second or 8.33 MHz (the same as
the maximum frequency for PIO Mode 4 and DMA Mode 2).
Words in the IDENTIFY DEVICE data indicate support of the Ultra DMA feature and the
Ultra DMA Modes the device is capable of supporting. The Set transfer mode subcommand
in the SET FEATURES command shall be used by a host to select the Ultra DMA Mode at
which the system operates. The Ultra DMA Mode selected by a host shall be less than or
equal to the fastest mode of which the device is capable. Only the Ultra DMA Mode shall be
selected at any given time. All timing requirements for a selected Ultra DMA Mode shall be
satisfied. Devices supporting Ultra DMA Mode 2 shall also support Ultra DMA Modes 0 and
1. Devices supporting Ultra DMA Mode 1 shall also support Ultra DMA Mode 0.
An Ultra DMA capable device shall retain its previously selected Ultra DMA Mode after
executing a Software reset sequence. An Ultra DMA capable device shall clear any previously
selected Ultra DMA Mode and revert to its default non-Ultra DMA Modes after executing a
Power on or hardware reset.
Both the host and device perform a CRC function during an Ultra DMA burst. At the end of
an Ultra DMA burst the host sends the its CRC data to the device. The device compares its
CRC data to the data sent from the host. If the two values do not match the device reports an
error in the error register at the end of the command. If an error occurs during one or more
Ultra DMA bursts for any one command, at the end of the command, the device shall report
the first error that occurred.
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5.5.2
Phases of operation
An Ultra DMA data transfer is accomplished through a series of Ultra DMA data in or data out
bursts. Each Ultra DMA burst has three mandatory phases of operation: the initiation phase,
the data transfer phase, and the Ultra DMA burst termination phase. In addition, an Ultra
DMA burst may be paused during the data transfer phase (see 5.5.3 and 5.5.4 for the detailed
protocol descriptions for each of these phases, 5.6 defines the specific timing requirements).
In the following rules DMARDY- is used in cases that could apply to either DDMARDY- or
HDMARDY-, and STROBE is used in cases that could apply to either DSTROBE or
HSTROBE. The following are general Ultra DMA rules.
a) An Ultra DMA burst is defined as the period from an assertion of DMACK- by the host to
the subsequent negation of DMACK-.
b) A recipient shall be prepared to receive at least two data words whenever it enters or
resumes an Ultra DMA burst.
5.5.3
Ultra DMA data in commands
5.5.3.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.1 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The host shall keep DMACK- in the negated state before an Ultra DMA burst is initiated.
2) The device shall assert DMARQ to initiate an Ultra DMA burst. After assertion of
DMARQ the device shall not negate DMARQ until after the first negation of DSTROBE.
3) Steps (3), (4) and (5) may occur in any order or at the same time. The host shall assert
STOP.
4) The host shall negate HDMARDY-.
5) The host shall negate CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, and DA0. The host shall keep CS0-, CS1-,
DA2, DA1, and DA0 negated until after negating DMACK- at the end of the burst.
6) Steps (3), (4) and (5) shall have occurred at least tACK before the host asserts DMACK-.
The host shall keep DMACK- asserted until the end of an Ultra DMA burst.
7) The host shall release DD (15:0) within tAZ after asserting DMACK-.
8) The device may assert DSTROBE tZIORDY after the host has asserted DMACK-. Once the
device has driven DSTROBE the device shall not release DSTROBE until after the host
has negated DMACK- at the end of an Ultra DMA burst.
9) The host shall negate STOP and assert HDMARDY- within tENV after asserting DMACK-.
After negating STOP and asserting HDMARDY-, the host shall not change the state of
either signal until after receiving the first transition of DSTROBE from the device (i.e.,
after the first data word has been received).
10) The device shall drive DD (15:0) no sooner than tZAD after the host has asserted DMACK-,
negated STOP, and asserted HDMARDY-.
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11) The device shall drive the first word of the data transfer onto DD (15:0). This step may
occur when the device first drives DD (15:0) in step (10).
12) To transfer the first word of data the device shall negate DSTROBE within tFS after the
host has negated STOP and asserted HDMARDY-. The device shall negate DSTROBE no
sooner than tDVS after driving the first word of data onto DD (15:0).
5.5.3.2 The data in transfer
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.3 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The device shall drive a data word onto DD (15:0).
2) The device shall generate a DSTROBE edge to latch the new word no sooner than tDVS
after changing the state of DD (15:0). The device shall generate a DSTROBE edge no
more frequently than tCYC for the selected Ultra DMA Mode. The device shall not
generate two rising or two falling DSTROBE edges more frequently than 2tCYC for the
selected Ultra DMA mode.
3) The device shall not change the state of DD (15:0) until at least tDVH after generating a
DSTROBE edge to latch the data.
4) The device shall repeat steps (1), (2) and (3) until the data transfer is complete or an Ultra
DMA burst is paused, whichever occurs first.
5.5.3.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.4 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements).
a) Device pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst
1) The device shall not pause an Ultra DMA burst until at least one data word of an Ultra
DMA burst has been transferred.
2) The device shall pause an Ultra DMA burst by not generating DSTROBE edges.
NOTE - The host shall not immediately assert STOP to initiate Ultra DMA burst
termination when the device stops generating STROBE edges. If the device does not
negate DMARQ, in order to initiate ULTRA DMA burst termination, the host shall
negate HDMARDY- and wait tRP before asserting STOP.
3) The device shall resume an Ultra DMA burst by generating a DSTROBE edge.
b) Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst
1) The host shall not pause an Ultra DMA burst until at least one data word of an Ultra
DMA burst has been transferred.
2) The host shall pause an Ultra DMA burst by negating HDMARDY-.
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C141-E090-01EN
3) The device shall stop generating DSTROBE edges within tRFS of the host negating
HDMARDY-.
4) If the host negates HDMARDY- within tSR after the device has generated a
DSTROBE edge, then the host shall be prepared to receive zero or one additional data
words. If the host negates HDMARDY- greater than tSR after the device has
generated a DSTROBE edge, then the host shall be prepared to receive zero, one or
two additional data words. The additional data words are a result of cable round trip
delay and tRFS timing for the device.
5) The host shall resume an Ultra DMA burst by asserting HDMARDY-.
5.5.3.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
a) Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.5 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The device shall initiate termination of an Ultra DMA burst by not generating
DSTROBE edges.
2) The device shall negate DMARQ no sooner than tSS after generating the last
DSTROBE edge. The device shall not assert DMARQ again until after the Ultra
DMA burst is terminated.
3) The device shall release DD (15:0) no later than tAZ after negating DMARQ.
4) The host shall assert STOP within tLI after the device has negated DMARQ. The host
shall not negate STOP again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.
5) The host shall negate HDMARDY- within tLI after the device has negated DMARQ.
The host shall continue to negate HDMARDY- until the Ultra DMA burst is
terminated. Steps (4) and (5) may occur at the same time.
6) The host shall drive DD (15:0) no sooner than tZAH after the device has negated
DMARQ. For this step, the host may first drive DD (15:0) with the result of its CRC
calculation (see 5.5.5):
7) If DSTROBE is negated, the device shall assert DSTROBE within tLI after the host
has asserted STOP. No data shall be transferred during this assertion. The host shall
ignore this transition on DSTROBE. DSTROBE shall remain asserted until the Ultra
DMA burst is terminated.
8) If the host has not placed the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0) since first
driving DD (15:0) during (6), the host shall place the result of its CRC calculation on
DD (15:0) (see 5.5.5).
9) The host shall negate DMACK- no sooner than tMLI after the device has asserted
DSTROBE and negated DMARQ and the host has asserted STOP and negated
HDMARDY-, and no sooner than tDVS after the host places the result of its CRC
calculation on DD (15:0).
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10) The device shall latch the host's CRC data from DD (15:0) on the negating edge of
DMACK-.
11) The device shall compare the CRC data received from the host with the results of its
own CRC calculation. If a miscompare error occurs during one or more Ultra DMA
bursts for any one command, at the end of the command the device shall report the
first error that occurred (see 5.5.5).
12) The device shall release DSTROBE within tIORDYZ after the host negates DMACK-.
13) The host shall not negate STOP no assert HDMARDY- until at least tACK after
negating DMACK-.
14) The host shall not assert DIOR-, CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, or DA0 until at least tACK
after negating DMACK.
b) Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.6 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The host shall not initiate Ultra DMA burst termination until at least one data word of
an Ultra DMA burst has been transferred.
2) The host shall initiate Ultra DMA burst termination by negating HDMARDY-. The
host shall continue to negate HDMARDY- until the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.
3) The device shall stop generating DSTROBE edges within tRFS of the host negating
HDMARDY-.
4) If the host negates HDMARDY- within tSR after the device has generated a
DSTROBE edge, then the host shall be prepared to receive zero or one additional data
words. If the host negates HDMARDY- greater than tSR after the device has
generated a DSTROBE edge, then the host shall be prepared to receive zero, one or
two additional data words. The additional data words are a result of cable round trip
delay and tRFS timing for the device.
5) The host shall assert STOP no sooner than tRP after negating HDMARDY-. The host
shall not negate STOP again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.
6) The device shall negate DMARQ within tLI after the host has asserted STOP. The
device shall not assert DMARQ again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.
7) If DSTROBE is negated, the device shall assert DSTROBE within tLI after the host
has asserted STOP. No data shall be transferred during this assertion. The host shall
ignore this transition on DSTROBE. DSTROBE shall remain asserted until the Ultra
DMA burst is terminated.
8) The device shall release DD (15:0) no later than tAZ after negating DMARQ.
9) The host shall drive DD (15:0) no sooner than tZAH after the device has negated
DMARQ. For this step, the host may first drive DD (15:0) with the result of its CRC
calculation (see 5.5.5).
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C141-E090-01EN
10) If the host has not placed the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0) since first
driving DD (15:0) during (9), the host shall place the result of its CRC calculation on
DD (15:0) (see 5.5.5).
11) The host shall negate DMACK- no sooner than tMLI after the device has asserted
DSTROBE and negated DMARQ and the host has asserted STOP and negated
HDMARDY-, and no sooner than tDVS after the host places the result of its CRC
calculation on DD (15:0).
12) The device shall latch the host's CRC data from DD (15:0) on the negating edge of
DMACK-.
13) The device shall compare the CRC data received from the host with the results of its
own CRC calculation. If a miscompare error occurs during one or more Ultra DMA
burst for any one command, at the end of the command, the device shall report the
first error that occurred (see 5.5.5).
14) The device shall release DSTROBE within tIORDYZ after the host negates DMACK-.
15) The host shall neither negate STOP nor assert HDMARDY- until at least tACK after the
host has negated DMACK-.
16) The host shall not assert DIOR-, CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, or DA0 until at least tACK
after negating DMACK.
5.5.4
Ultra DMA data out commands
5.5.4.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.7 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The host shall keep DMACK- in the negated state before an Ultra DMA burst is initiated.
2) The device shall assert DMARQ to initiate an Ultra DMA burst.
3) Steps (3), (4), and (5) may occur in any order or at the same time. The host shall assert
STOP.
4) The host shall assert HSTROBE.
5) The host shall negate CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, and DA0. The host shall keep CS0-, CS1-,
DA2, DA1, and DA0 negated until after negating DMACK- at the end of the burst.
6) Steps (3), (4), and (5) shall have occurred at least tACK before the host asserts DMACK-.
The host shall keep DMACK- asserted until the end of an Ultra DMA burst.
7) The device may negate DDMARDY- tZIORDY after the host has asserted DMACK-. Once
the device has negated DDMARDY-, the device shall not release DDMARDY- until after
the host has negated DMACK- at the end of an Ultra DMA burst.
8) The host shall negate STOP within tENV after asserting DMACK-. The host shall not assert
STOP until after the first negation of HSTROBE.
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9) The device shall assert DDMARDY- within tLI after the host has negated STOP. After
asserting DMARQ and DDMARDY- the device shall not negate either signal until after
the first negation of HSTROBE by the host.
10) The host shall drive the first word of the data transfer onto DD (15:0). This step may
occur any time during Ultra DMA burst initiation.
11) To transfer the first word of data: the host shall negate HSTROBE no sooner than tLI after
the device has asserted DDMARDY-. The host shall negate HSTROBE no sooner than
tDVS after the driving the first word of data onto DD (15:0).
5.5.4.2 The data out transfer
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.8 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The host shall drive a data word onto DD (15:0).
2) The host shall generate an HSTROBE edge to latch the new word no sooner than tDVS after
changing the state of DD (15:0). The host shall generate an HSTROBE edge no more
frequently than tCYC for the selected Ultra DMA Mode. The host shall not generate two
rising or falling HSTROBE edges more frequently than 2 tCYC for the selected Ultra DMA
mode.
3) The host shall not change the state of DD (15:0) until at least tDVH after generating an
HSTROBE edge to latch the data.
4) The host shall repeat steps (1), (2) and (3) until the data transfer is complete or an Ultra
DMA burst is paused, whichever occurs first.
5.5.4.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.9 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements).
a) Host pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst
1) The host shall not pause an Ultra DMA burst until at least one data word of an Ultra
DMA burst has been transferred.
2) The host shall pause an Ultra DMA burst by not generating an HSTROBE edge.
Note: The device shall not immediately negate DMARQ to initiate Ultra DMA burst
termination when the host stops generating HSTROBE edges. If the host does not
assert STOP, in order to initiate Ultra DMA burst termination, the device shall negate
DDMARDY- and wait tRP before negating DMARQ.
3) The host shall resume an Ultra DMA burst by generating an HSTROBE edge.
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b) Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst
1) The device shall not pause an Ultra DMA burst until at least one data word of an Ultra
DMA burst has been transferred.
2) The device shall pause an Ultra DMA burst by negating DDMARDY-.
3) The host shall stop generating HSTROBE edges within tRFS of the device negating
DDMARDY-.
4) If the device negates DDMARDY- within tSR after the host has generated an
HSTROBE edge, then the device shall be prepared to receive zero or one additional
data words. If the device negates DDMARDY- greater than tSR after the host has
generated an HSTROBE edge, then the device shall be prepared to receive zero, one
or two additional data words. The additional data words are a result of cable round
trip delay and tRFS timing for the host.
5) The device shall resume an Ultra DMA burst by asserting DDMARDY-.
5.5.4.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst
a) Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst
The following stops shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.10 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The host shall initiate termination of an Ultra DMA burst by not generating
HSTROBE edges.
2) The host shall assert STOP no sooner than tSS after it last generated an HSTROBE
edge. The host shall not negate STOP again until after the Ultra DMA burst is
terminated.
3) The device shall negate DMARQ within tLI after the host asserts STOP. The device
shall not assert DMARQ again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.
4) The device shall negate DDMARDY- with tLI after the host has negated STOP. The
device shall not assert DDMARDY- again until after the Ultra DMA burst termination
is complete.
5) If HSTROBE is negated, the host shall assert HSTROBE with tLI after the device has
negated DMARQ. No data shall be transferred during this assertion. The device shall
ignore this transition on HSTROBE. HSTROBE shall remain asserted until the Ultra
DMA burst is terminated.
6) The host shall place the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0) (see 5.5.5)
7) The host shall negate DMACK- no sooner than tMLI after the host has asserted
HSTROBE and STOP and the device has negated DMARQ and DDMARDY-, and no
sooner than tDVS after placing the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0).
8) The device shall latch the host's CRC data from DD (15:0) on the negating edge of
DMACK-.
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5 - 81
9) The device shall compare the CRC data received from the host with the results of its
own CRC calculation. If a miscompare error occurs during one or more Ultra DMA
bursts for any one command, at the end of the command, the device shall report the
first error that occurred (see 5.5.5).
10) The device shall release DDMARDY- within tIORDYZ after the host has negated
DMACK-.
11) The host shall neither negate STOP nor negate HSTROBE until at least tACK after
negating DMACK-.
12) The host shall not assert DIOW-, CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, or DA0 until at least tACK
after negating DMACK.
b) Device terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst
The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically
allowed (see 5.6.3.11 and 5.6.3.2 for specific timing requirements):
1) The device shall not initiate Ultra DMA burst termination until at least one data word
of an Ultra DMA burst has been transferred.
2) The device shall initiate Ultra DMA burst termination by negating DDMARDY-.
3) The host shall stop generating an HSTROBE edges within tRFS of the device negating
DDMARDY-.
4) If the device negates DDMARDY- within tSR after the host has generated an
HSTROBE edge, then the device shall be prepared to receive zero or one additional
data words. If the device negates DDMARDY- greater than tSR after the host has
generated an HSTROBE edge, then the device shall be prepared to receive zero, one
or two additional data words. The additional data words are a result of cable round
trip delay and tRFS timing for the host.
5) The device shall negate DMARQ no sooner than tRP after negating DDMARDY-.
The device shall not assert DMARQ again until after the Ultra DMA burst is
terminated.
6) The host shall assert STOP with tLI after the device has negated DMARQ. The host
shall not negate STOP again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated.
7) If HSTROBE is negated, the host shall assert HSTROBE with tLI after the device has
negated DMARQ. No data shall be transferred during this assertion. The device shall
ignore this transition of HSTROBE. HSTROBE shall remain asserted until the Ultra
DMA burst is terminated.
8) The host shall place the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0) (see 5.5.5).
9) The host shall negate DMACK- no sooner than tMLI after the host has asserted
HSTROBE and STOP and the device has negated DMARQ and DDMARDY-, and no
sooner than tDVS after placing the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0).
10) The device shall latch the host's CRC data from DD (15:0) on the negating edge of
DMACK-.
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C141-E090-01EN
11) The device shall compare the CRC data received from the host with the results of its
own CRC calculation. If a miscompare error occurs during one or more Ultra DMA
bursts for any one command, at the end of the command, the device shall report the
first error that occurred (see 5.5.5).
12) The device shall release DDMARDY- within tIORDYZ after the host has negated DMACK-.
13) The host shall neither negate STOP nor HSTROBE until at least tACK after negating
DMACK-.
14) The host shall not assert DIOW-, CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, or DA0 until at least tACK
after negating DMACK.
5.5.5
Ultra DMA CRC rules
The following is a list of rules for calculating CRC, determining if a CRC error has occurred
during an Ultra DMA burst, and reporting any error that occurs at the end of a command.
a) Both the host and the device shall have a 16-bit CRC calculation function.
b) Both the host and the device shall calculate a CRC value for each Ultra DMA burst.
c) The CRC function in the host and the device shall be initialized with a seed of 4ABAh at
the beginning of an Ultra DMA burst before any data is transferred.
d) For each STROBE transition used for data transfer, both the host and the device shall
calculate a new CRC value by applying the CRC polynomial to the current value of their
individual CRC functions and the word being transferred. CRC is not calculated for the
return of STROBE to the asserted state after the Ultra DMA burst termination request has
been acknowledged.
e) At the end of any Ultra DMA burst the host shall send the results of its CRC calculation
function to the device on DD (15:0) with the negation of DMACK-.
f) The device shall then compare the CRC data from the host with the calculated value in its
own CRC calculation function. If the two values do not match, the device shall save the
error and report it at the end of the command. A subsequent Ultra DMA burst for the same
command that does not have a CRC error shall not clear an error saved from a previous
Ultra DMa burst in the same command. If a miscompare error occurs during one or more
Ultra DMA bursts for any one command, at the end of the command, the device shall
report the first error that occurred.
g) For READ DMA or WRITE DMA commands: When a CRC error is detected, it shall be
reported by setting both ICRC and ABRT (bit 7 and bit 2 in the Error register) to one.
ICRC is defined as the "Interface CRC Error" bit. The host shall respond to this error by
re-issuing the command.
h) A host may send extra data words on the last Ultra DMA burst of a data out command. If
a device determines that all data has been transferred for a command, the device shall
terminate the burst. A device may have already received more data words than were
required for the command. These extra words are used by both the host and the device to
calculate the CRC, but, on an Ultra DMA data out burst, the extra words shall be discarded
by the device.
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5 - 83
I) The CRC generator polynomial is : G (X) = X16 + X12 + X5 + 1.
Note: Since no bit clock is available, the recommended approach for calculating CRC is
to use a word clock derived from the bus strobe. The combinational logic shall then be
equivalent to shifting sixteen bits serially through the generator polynominal where DD0 is
shifted in first and DD15 is shifted in last.
5.5.6
Series termination required for Ultra DMA
Series termination resistors are required at both the host and the device for operation in any of
the Ultra DMA Modes. The following table describes recommended values for series
termination at the host and the device.
Table 5.15 Recommended series termination for Ultra DMA
Signal
DIOR-:HDMARDY-:HSTROBE
DIOW-:STOP
Host Termination
33 ohm
Device Termination
120 ohm A.I.*1
82 ohm
33 ohm
CS0-, CS1-
33 ohm
82 ohm
DA0, DA1, DA2
DMACK-
33 ohm
82 ohm
33 ohm
82 ohm
DD15 through DD0
DMARQ
33 ohm
240 ohm A.I.*1
22 ohm
82 ohm
INTRQ
82 ohm
22 ohm
IORDY:DDMARDY-
:DSTROBE
82 ohm
22 ohm
Note: Only those signals requiring termination are listed in this table. If a
signal is not listed, series termination is not required for operation in an Ultra
DMA Mode. For signals also requiring a pull-up or pull-down resistor at the
host see Figure 5.7.
Note (*1): “A.I.” means an Active Inductance.
Figure 5.7 Ultra DMA termination with pull-up or pull-down
5 - 84
C141-E090-01EN
5.6
Timing
5.6.1
PIO data transfer
Figure 5.8 shows of the data transfer timing between the device and the host system.
t0
Addresses
t1
t9
t2
DIOR-/DIOW-
t2i
Write data
DD0-DD15
t3
t4
Read data
DD0-DD15
t5
t6
t10
t11
IORDY
Symbol
t12
Timing parameter
Min.
120
25
70
25
20
10
—
5
Max.
—
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
t0
t1
Cycle time
Data register selection setup time for DIOR-/DIOW-
Pulse width of DIOR-/DIOW-
—
t2
—
t2i
t3
Recovery time of DIOR-/DIOW-
—
Data setup time for DIOW-
—
t4
Data hold time for DIOW-
—
t5
Time from DIOR- assertion to read data available
Data hold time for DIOR-
50
t6
—
t9
Data register selection hold time for DIOR-/DIOW-
10
—
0
—
t10
t11
t12
Time from DIOR-/DIOW- assertion to IORDY "low" level
Time from validity of read data to IORDY "high" level
Pulse width of IORDY
35
—
—
1,250
Figure 5.8 PIO data transfer timing
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5 - 85
5.6.2
Multiword data transfer
Figure 5.9 shows the multiword DMA data transfer timing between the device and the host
system.
t0
DMARQ
DMACK-
tJ
tC
tI
tK
tD
DIOR-/DIOW-
Write data
DD0-DD15
tG
tH
Read data
DD0-DD15
tE
tF
Symbol
Timing parameter
Min.
120
—
70
—
5
Max.
—
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
t0
tC
tD
tE
tF
tG
tH
tI
Cycle time
Delay time from DMACK assertion to DMARQ negation
Pulse width of DIOR-/DIOW-
35
—
Data setup time for DIOR-
30
—
Data hold time for DIOR-
Data setup time for DIOW-
20
10
0
—
Data hold time for DIOW-
—
DMACK setup time for DIOR-/DIOW-
DMACK hold time for DIOR-/DIOW-
Continuous time of high level for DIOR-/DIOW-
—
tJ
5
—
tK
25
—
Figure 5.9 Multiword DMA data transfer timing (mode 2)
5 - 86
C141-E090-01EN
5.6.3
Ultra DMA data transfer
Figures 5.10 through 5.19 define the timings associated with all phases of Ultra DMA bursts.
Table 5.16 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
5.6.3.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
The definitions for the STOP, HDMARDY-and DSTROBE signal lines are not in effect
until DMARQ and DMACK are asserted.
Figure 5.10 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst
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5 - 87
5.6.3.2 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements
Table 5.16 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements (1 of 2)
NAME
MODE 0
(in ns)
MODE 1
(in ns)
MODE 2
(in ns)
MODE 3
(in ns)
MODE 4
(in ns)
COMMENT
MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX (see Notes 1 and 2)
t2CYCTYP
tCYC
240
160
120
90
60
Typical sustained average two cycle
time
112
73
54
39
25
Cycle time allowing for asymmetry
and clock variations (from STROBE
edge to STROBE edge)
t2CYC
230
154
115
86
57
Two cycle time allowing for clock
variations (from rising edge to next
rising edge or from falling edge to
next falling edge of STROBE)
tDS
15
5
10
5
7
5
7
5
5
5
6
Data setup time (at recipient)
(see Note 4)
tDH
tDVS
Data hold time (at recipient)
(see Note 4)
70
48
30
20
Data valid setup time at sender (from
data valid until STROBE edge)
(see Note 5)
tDVH
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
Data valid hold time at sender (from
STROBE edge until data may
become invalid) (see Note 5)
tFS
230
150
200
150
170
150
130
100
120 First STROBE time (for device to
first negate DSTROBE from STOP
during a data in burst)
tLI
0
0
0
0
0
100 Limited interlock time (see Note 3)
tMLI
20
20
20
20
20
Interlock time with minimum
(see Note 3)
tUI
0
0
0
0
0
Unlimited interlock time (see Note 3)
tAZ
10
10
10
10
10
Maximum time allowed for output
drivers to release (from asserted or
negated)
tZAH
tZAD
tENV
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
20
0
Minimum delay time required for
output
Drivers to assert or negate (from
released)
20
70
50
75
20
70
30
70
20
70
20
60
20
55
NA
60
20
55
Envelope time (from DMACK- to
STOP and HDMARDY- during data
in burst initiation and from DMACK
to STOP during data out burst
initiation)
tSR
NA STROBE-to-DMARDY-time (if
DMARDY- is negated before this long
after STROBE edge, the recipient shall
receive no more than one additional
data word)
tRFS
60
Ready-to-final-STROBE time (no
STROBE edges shall be sent this
long after negation of DMARDY-)
tRP
160
125
100
100
100
Ready-to-pause time (that recipient
shall wait to pause after negating
DMARDY-)
tIORDYZ
20
20
20
20
20
Maximum time before releasing
IORDY
5 - 88
C141-E090-01EN
Table 5.16 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements (2 of 2)
NAME
MODE 0
(in ns)
MODE 1
(in ns)
MODE 2
(in ns)
MODE 3
(in ns)
MODE 4
(in ns)
COMMENT
MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX (see Notes 1 and 2)
tZIORDY
tACK
tSS
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum time before driving
IORDY
20
50
20
50
20
50
20
50
20
50
Setup and hold times for DMACK-
(before assertion or negation)
Time from STROBE edge to
negation of DMARQ or assertion of
STOP (when sender terminates a
burst)
Notes:
1) Unless otherwise specified, timing parameters shall be measured at the connector of the sneder or receiver to which the parameter
applies (see Note 5 for exceptions). For example, the sender shall stop generating STROBE edges t after the negation of
RFS
DMARDY-. Both STROBE and DMARDY- timing measurements are taken at the connector of the sender.
2) All timing measurement switching points (low to high and high to low) shall be taken at 1.5 V.
3) tUI, tMLI and tLI indicate sender-to-recipient or recipient-to-sender interlocks, i.e., one agent (either sender or recipient) is waiting for
the other agent to respond with a signal before proceeding. t is an unlimited interlock that has no maximum time value. MtLI is a
UI
limited time-out that has a defined minimum. t is a limited time-out that has a defined maximum.
LI
4) Special cabling shall be required in order to meet data setup (t ) and data hold (tDH) times in modes 3 and 4.
DS
5) Timing for tDVS and tDVH shall be met for all capacitive loads from 15 to 40 pf where all signals have the same capacitive load value.
C141-E090-01EN
5 - 89
5.6.3.3 Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
DD (15:0) and DSTROBE are shown at both the host and the device to emphasize that
cable setting time as well as cable propagation delay shall not allow the data signals to be
considered stable at the host until some time after they are driven by the device.
Figure 5.11 Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst
5 - 90
C141-E090-01EN
5.6.3.4 Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Notes:
1) The host may assert STOP to request termination of the Ultra DMA burst no sooner
than tRP after HDMARDY- is negated.
2) If the tSR timing is not satisfied, the host may receive zero, one or two more data
words from the device.
Figure 5.12 Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst
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5 - 91
5.6.3.5 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
The definitions for the STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signal lines are no longer in
effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.
Figure 5.13 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
5 - 92
C141-E090-01EN
5.6.3.6 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
The definitions for the STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signal lines are no longer in
effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.
Figure 5.14 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
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5 - 93
5.6.3.7 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are not in effect
until DMARQ and DMACK are asserted.
Figure 5.15 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst
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C141-E090-01EN
5.6.3.8 Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
DD (15:0) and HSTROBE signals are shown at both the device and the host to emphasize
that cable setting time as well as cable propagation delay shall not allow the data signals to
be considered stable at the device until some time after they are driven by the host.
Figure 5.16 Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst
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5 - 95
5.6.3.9 Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Notes:
1) The device may negate DMARQ to request termination of the Ultra DMA burst no
sooner than tRP after DDMARDY- is negated.
2) If the tSR timing is not satisfied, the device may receive zero, one or two more data
words from the host.
Figure 5.17 Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst
5 - 96
C141-E090-01EN
5.6.3.10 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are no longer in
effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.
Figure 5.18 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst
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5 - 97
5.6.3.11 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst
5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes.
Note:
The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are no longer in
effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated.
Figure 5.19 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst
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C141-E090-01EN
5.6.4
Power-on and reset
Figure 5.20 shows power-on and reset (hardware and software reset) timing.
(1)
Only master device is present
Clear Reset *1
Power-on
tM
RESET-
Software reset
tN
BSY
DASP-
tP
*1: Reset means including Power-on-Reset, Hardware Reset (RESET-), and Software Reset.
Master and slave devices are present (2-drives configuration)
Clear Reset
(2)
[Master device]
tN
BSY
DASP-
[Slave device]
BSY
tQ
tP
PDIAG-
DASP-
tS
tR
Timing parameter
Symbol
tM
tN
Min.
25
Max.
—
Unit
ms
ns
ms
s
Pulse width of RESET-
Time from RESET- negation to BSY set
—
400
1
tP
Time from RESET- negation to DASP- or DIAG- negation
Self-diagnostics execution time
—
tQ
—
30
tR
Time from RESET- negation to DASP- assertion (slave device)
Duration of DASP- assertion
—
400
31
ms
s
tS
—
Figure 5.20 Power-on Reset Timing
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CHAPTER 6
OPERATIONS
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
Device Response to the Reset
Address Translation
Power Save
Defect Management
Read-Ahead Cache
Write Cache
6.1
Device Response to the Reset
This section describes how the PDIAG- and DASP- signals responds when the power of the
IDD is turned on or the IDD receives a reset or diagnostic command.
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6 - 1
6.1.1
Response to power-on
After the master device (device 0) releases its own power-on reset state, the master device
shall check a DASP- signal for up to 450 ms to confirm presence of a slave device (device 1).
The master device recognizes presence of the slave device when it confirms assertion of the
DASP- signal. Then, the master device checks a PDIAG- signal to see if the slave device has
successfully completed the power-on diagnostics.
If the master device cannot confirm assertion of the DASP- signal within 450 ms, the master
device recognizes that no slave device is connected.
After the slave device (device 1) releases its own power-on reset state, the slave device shall
report its presence and the result of power-on diagnostics to the master device as described
below:
DASP- signal: Asserted within 400 ms, and negated after the first command is received from
the host or within 31 seconds or after executing software reset, which ever
comes first.
PDIAG- signal: Negated within 1 ms and asserted within 30 seconds, then negated within 31
seconds.
Power on
Master device
Power On Reset-
Status Reg.
BSY bit
Max. 31 sec.
Checks DASP- for up to
450 ms.
If presence of a slave device is
confirmed, PDIAG- is checked for
up to 31 seconds.
Slave device
Power On Reset-
BSY bit
Max. 1 ms.
PDIAG-
DASP-
Max. 30 sec.
Max. 400 ms.
Max. 31 sec.
Figure 6.1 Response to power-on
6 - 2
C141-E090-01EN
6.1.2
Response to hardware reset
Response to RESET- (hardware reset through the interface) is similar to the power-on reset.
Upon receipt of hardware reset, the master device checks a DASP- signal for up to 450 ms to
confirm presence of a slave device. The master device recognizes the presence of the slave
device when it confirms assertion of the DASP- signal. Then the master device checks a
PDIAG- signal to see if the slave device has successfully completed the self-diagnostics.
If the master device cannot confirm assertion of the DASP- signal within 450 ms, the master
device recognizes that no slave device is connected.
After the slave device receives the hardware reset, the slave device shall report its presence
and the result of the self-diagnostics to the master device as described below:
DASP- signal: Asserted within 400 ms, and negated after the first command is received from
the host or within 31 seconds or after executing software reset, which ever
comes first.
PDIAG- signal: Negated within 1 ms and asserted within 30 seconds, then negated within 31
seconds
Reset-
Master device
Status Reg.
BSY bit
Max. 31 sec.
If presence of a slave device is
Checks DASP- for up to
450 ms.
confirmed, PDIAG- is checked for
up to 31 seconds.
Slave device
BSY bit
Max. 1 ms.
PDIAG-
DASP-
Max. 30 sec.
Max. 400 ms.
Max. 31 sec.
.
Figure 6.2 Response to hardware reset
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6 - 3
6.1.3
Response to software reset
The master device does not check the DASP- signal for a software reset. If a slave device is
present, the master device checks the PDIAG- signal for up to 31 seconds to see if the slave
device has completed the self-diagnosis successfully.
After the slave device receives the software reset, the slave device shall report its presence and
the result of the self-diagnostics to the master device as described below:
PDIAG- signal: negated within 1 ms and asserted within 30 seconds then negated within 31
seconds.
When the IDD is set to a slave device, the IDD asserts the DASP- signal when negating the
PDIAG- signal, and negates the DASP- signal when asserting the PDIAG- signal.
X'3F6' Reg.
Master device
X"0C"
or X"04"
X"00"
Status Reg.
BSY bit
Max. 31 sec.
If the slave device is preset, DASP- is checked for up to
31 seconds.
Slave device
BSY bit
Max. 1 ms.
PDIAG-
DASP-
Max. 30 sec.
Figure 6.3 Response to software reset
6 - 4
C141-E090-01EN
6.1.4
Response to diagnostic command
When the master device receives an EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command and the
slave device is present, the master device checks the PDIAG- signal for up to 6 seconds to see
if the slave device has completed the self-diagnosis successfully.
The master device does not check the DASP- signal.
After the slave device receives the EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command, it shall
report the result of the self-diagnostics to the master device as described below:
PDIAG- signal: negated within 1 ms and asserted within 5 seconds then negated within 6
seconds.
When the IDD is set to a slave device, the IDD asserts the DASP- signal when negating the
PDIAG- signal, and negates the DASP- signal when asserting the PDIAG- signal.
X'1F7' Reg.
Write
Master device
Status Reg.
BSY bit
Max. 6 sec.
If the slave device is preset, DASP- signal is checked for up to
6 seconds.
Slave device
BSY bit
Max. 1 ms.
PDIAG-
DASP-
Max. 5 sec.
Figure 6.4 Response to diagnostic command
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6 - 5
6.2
Address Translation
When the IDD receives any command which involves access to the disk medium, the IDD
always implements the address translation from the logical address (a host-specified address)
to the physical address (logical to physical address translation).
Following subsections explains the CHS translation mode.
6.2.1
Default parameters
In the logical to physical address translation, the logical cylinder, head, and sector addresses
are translated to the physical cylinder, head, and sector addresses based on the number of
heads and the number of sectors per track which are specified with an INITIALIZE DEVICE
PARAMETERS command. This is called as the current translation mode.
If the number of heads and the number of sectors are not specified with an INITIALIZE
DEVICE PARAMETERS command, the default values listed in Table 6.1 are used. This is
called as the default translation mode. The parameters in Table 6.1 are called BIOS
specification.
Table 6.1 Default parameters
MPE3102AH MPE3136AH MPE3204AH MPE3273AH
Number of cylinders
Number of head
16,383
16
Parameters
(logical)
Number of sectors/track
63
Formatted capacity (GB)
10.24
13.66
20.49
27.32
As long as the formatted capacity of the IDD does not exceed the value shown on Table 6.1,
the host can freely specify the number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track.
Generally, the device recognizes the number of heads and sectors per track with the
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETER command. However, it cannot recognizes the number
of cylinders. In other words, there is no way for the device to recognize a host access area on
logical cylinders. Thus the host should manage cylinder access to the device.
The host can specify a logical address freely within an area where an address can be specified
(within the specified number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track) in the current
translation mode.
The host can read an addressable parameter information from the device by the IDENTIFY
DEVICE command (Words 54 to 56).
6 - 6
C141-E090-01EN
6.2.2
Logical address
(1)
CHS mode
Logical address assignment starts from physical cylinder (PC) 0, physical head (PH) 0, and
physical sector (PS) 1 and is assigned by calculating the number of sectors per track which is
specified by the INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command. The head address is
advanced at the subsequent sector from the last sector of the current physical head address.
The first physical sector of the subsequent physical sector is the consecutive logical sector
from the last sector of the current physical sector.
Figure 6.5 shows an example (assuming there is no track skew).
Physical sector
1
2
3
62 63 64
LS LS
..
..
.. 126 127 .. 189 190.. 504 505 506
Physical cylinder 0
LS LS
1
LS LS
LS LS
63
LS SP SP
63
2
63
1
63
1
1
Physical head 0
..
..
..
LH0
LH1
LH2
Physical sector
1
LS
1
63 64
LS LS
63
505 506
SP SP
..
..126
127 ..189
..............
Physical cylinder 0
Physical head 1
LS LS
63
LS LS
1
1
63
1
..
..
..
..............
....
LH8
LH9
LH10
LH11
ex: Zone 0
Physical parameter
- Physical sector: 1 to 504 (For the rest, 2 spare sectors)
Specification of INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command
- Logical head: LH=0 to 14
- Logical sector: LS=1 to 63
Figure 6.5 Address translation (example in CHS mode)
C141-E090-01EN
6 - 7
(2)
LBA mode
Logical address assignment in the LBA mode starts from physical cylinder 0, physical head 0,
and physical sector 1. The logical address is advanced at the subsequent sector from the last
sector of the current track. The first physical sector of the subsequent physical track is the
consecutive logical sector from the last sector of the current physical track.
Figure 6.6 shows an example of (assuming there is no track skew).
Physical sector
1
2
3
503 504 505 506
......................
......................
Physical cylinder 0
Physical head 0
LBA LBA LBA
LBA LBA SP
503 504
SP
0
1
2
503 504 505 506
1
2
3
......................
......................
Physical cylinder 0
Physical head 1
LBA LBA LBA
504 505 506
LBA LBA SP
1006 1007
SP
ex: Zone 0
Physical parameter
- Physical sector: 1 to 504 (For the rest, 2 spare sectors)
Figure 6.6 Address translation (example in LBA mode)
6.3
Power Save
The host can change the power consumption state of the device by issuing a power command
to the device.
6.3.1
Power save mode
There are four types of power consumption state of the device including active mode where all
circuits are active.
In the power save mode, power supplying to the part of the circuit is turned off. There are
three types of power save modes:
·
·
·
Idle mode
Standby mode
Sleep mode
6 - 8
C141-E090-02EN
(1)
Active mode
In this mode, all the electric circuit in the device are active or the device is under seek, read or
write operation.
A device enters the active mode under the following conditions:
·
A command with Seek or Write or Read is issued.
(2)
Idle mode
In this mode, circuits on the device is set to power save mode.
The device enters the Idle mode under the following conditions:
·
·
A IDLE or IDLE IMMEDIATE command is issued in the active or standby mode.
When one of following command is issued, the command is executed narmally and the
device is still in the idle mode.
- Reset (hardware or software)
- IDLE command
- IDLE IMMEDIATE command
- A command with out Seek or Write or Read is issued.
(3)
Standby mode
In this mode, the VCM circuit is turned off and the spindle motor is stopped.
The device can receive commands through the interface. However if a command with disk
access is issued, response time to the command under the standby mode takes longer than the
active or Idle mode because the access to the disk medium cannot be made immediately.
The drive enters the standby mode under the following conditions:
·
·
·
A STANDBY or STANDBY IMMEDIATE command is issued in the active or idle mode.
When automatic power down sequence is enabled, the timer has elapsed.
A reset is issued in the sleep mode.
When one of following commands is issued, the command is executed normally and the
device is still stayed in the standby mode.
·
·
·
·
Reset (hardware or software)
STANDBY command
STANDBY IMMEDIATE command
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command
C141-E090-02EN
6 - 9
·
·
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command
CHECK POWER MODE command
(4)
Sleep mode
The power consumption of the drive is minimal in this mode. The drive enters only the
standby mode from the sleep mode. The only method to return from the standby mode is to
execute a software or hardware reset.
The drive enters the sleep mode under the following condition:
·
A SLEEP command is issued.
Issued commands are invalid (ignored) in this mode.
6.3.2
Power commands
The following commands are available as power commands.
·
·
·
·
·
·
IDLE
IDLE IMMEDIATE
STANDBY
STANDBY IMMEDIATE
SLEEP
CHECK POWER MODE
6.4
Defect Management
Defective sectors of which the medium defect location is registered in the system space are
replaced with spare sectors in the formatting at the factory shipment.
All the user space area are formatted at shipment from the factory based on the default
parameters listed in Table 6.1.
6 - 10
C141-E090-01EN
6.4.1
Spare area
Following two types of spare area are provided in the user space.
1) Spare sector for sector slip:
used for alternating defective sectors at formatting in shipment in case that a physical track
contains one or two defective sectors (2 sectors/track)
2) Spare cylinder for alternative assignment:
used for alternative assignment for the third and subsequent defective sectors in case that a
physical track contains three or more defective sectors, and also used by automatic
alternative assignment. (1 cylinder/drive)
6.4.2
Alternating defective sectors
The two alternating methods described below are available:
(1)
Sector slip processing
A defective sector is not used and is skipped and a logical sector address is assigned to the
subsequent normal sector (physically adjacent sector to the defective sector).
When defective sector is present, the sector slip processing is performed in the formatting.
Figure 6.7 shows an example where (physical) sector 5 is defective on head 0 in cylinder 0.
Index
Sector (physical)
504 505
506
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
5
7
8
7
Cylinder 0
Head 0
Defective
sector
SP
3
4
6
503 504
unused
If an access request to sector 5 is specified, the device accesses physical sector 6 instead of sector 5.
Figure 6.7 Sector slip processing
C141-E090-01EN
6 - 11
(2)
Alternate cylinder assignment
A defective sector is assigned to the spare sector in the alternate cylinder.
This processing is performed when a physical track contains three or more defective sectors,
and when the automatic alternate processing is performed.
Figure 6.8 shows an example where (physical) sector 5 is detective on head 0 in cylinder 0.
Index
Sector (physical)
506
505
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
6
7
7
Cylinder 0
Defective
sector
Head 0
505
506
3
1
2
3
(unused)
Alternate
cylinder
Already
assigned
Head 0
Defective sector is assigned to unassigned sector.
1 alternate cylinder is provided in outer side.
When an access request to sector 5 is specified, the device accesses the alternated sector in the
alternate cylinder instead of sector 5. When an access request to sectors next to sector 5 is
specified, the device seeks to cylinder 0, head 0, and continues the processing.
Figure 6.8 Alternate cylinder assignment
(3)
Automatic alternate assignment
The device performs the automatic assignment at following case.
1) When ECC correction performance is increased during read error retry, a read error is
recovered.
Before automatic alternate assignment, the device performs rewriting the corrected data to
the erred sector and rereading. If no error occurs at rereading, the automatic alternate
assignment is not performed.
2) When a write error occurs and the error does not recovered.
6 - 12
C141-E090-01EN
6.5
Read-Ahead Cache
After a read command which reads the data from the disk medium is completed, the read-
ahead cache function reads the subsequent data blocks automatically and stores the data in the
data buffer.
When the next command requests to read the read-ahead data, the data can be transferred from
the data buffer without accessing the disk medium. The host can access the data at higher
speed.
6.5.1
Data buffer configuration
The device has a 512-KB data buffer. The buffer is used by divided into two and other
commands parts; for MPU work, for read cache of read commands and other commands (see
Figure 6.9).
2 MB (2,097,152 bytes)
for MPU work
for READ command
for WRITE command
63 KB
695 KB
1290 KB
(64,512 bytes)
(711,680 bytes)
(1,320,960 bytes)
Figure 6.9 Data buffer configuration
The read-ahead operation is performed at execution of the READ SECTOR(S), READ
MULTIPLE, or READ DMA command, and read-ahead data are stored in the buffer for read
cache.
C141-E090-01EN
6 - 13
6.5.2
Caching operation
The caching operation is performed only at receipt of the following commands. The device
transfers data from the data buffer to the host system if the following data exist in the data buffer.
·
·
All sector data to be processed by the command
A part of data including the starting sector to be processed by the command
When a part of data to be processed exist in the data buffer, the remaining data are read from
the disk medium and are transferred to the host system.
(1)
Commands that are object of caching operation
The following commands are object of caching operation.
·
·
·
READ SECTOR (S)
READ MULTIPLE
READ DMA
When the caching operation is disabled by the SET FEATURES command, no caching
operation is performed.
(2)
Data that are object of caching operation
The following data are object of caching operation.
1) Read-ahead data read from the disk medium in the data buffer after completion of the
command that are object of caching operation.
2) Data transferred to the host system once by requesting with the command that are object of
caching operation. When the sector data requested by the host does not finish storing in
the buffer for read cache, it is not object of caching operation. And also, when the
sequential hit occurs continuously, the caching data required by the host becomes invalid.
(3)
Invalidating caching data
Caching data in the data buffer is invalidated in the following case.
1) Commands other than the following commands are issued (all caching data are invalidated)
·
·
·
WRITE SECTOR(S)
WRITE DMA
WRITE MULTIPLE
2) Caching operation is disabled by the SET FEATURES command.
3) Command issued by the host is terminated with an error.
4) Soft reset or hard reset is executed, or power is turned off.
6 - 14
C141-E090-01EN
6.5.3
Usage of read segment
This subsection explains the usage of the read segment buffer at following cases.
(1)
Miss-hit (no hit)
A lead block of the read-requested data is not stored in the data buffer. The requested data is
read from the disk media.
1) Sets the host address pointer (HAP) and the disk address pointer (DAP) to the sequential
address to the last read segment.
HAP
Segment only for read
DAP
2) Transfers the requested data that already read to the host system with reading the requested
data from the disk media.
Stores the read-requested
data upto this point
HAP
Empty area
Read-requested data
DAP
3) After reading the requested data and transferring the requested data to the host system had
been completed, the disk drive continues to read till a certain amount of data is stored.
HAP
(stopped)
Read Ahead Data
Read-requested data
(stopped)
DAP
4) Following shows the cache enabled data for next read command.
Cache enabled data
Start LBA
Last LBA
6 - 15
C141-E090-01EN
(3)
Sequential read
When the disk drive receives the read command that targets the sequential address to the
previous read command, the disk drive tries to fill the buffer space with the read ahead data.
a. Sequential command just after non-sequential command
1) At receiving the sequential read command, the disk drive sets the DAP and HAP to
the sequential address of the last read command and reads the requested data.
HAP
Mis-hit data
Empty data
DAP
2) The disk drive transfers the requested data that is already read to the host system with
reading the requested data.
HAP
Mis-hit data
Requested data
Empty data
DAP
3) After completion of the reading and transferring the requested data to the host system,
the disk drive performs the read-ahead operation continuously till a certain amount of
data is stored.
HAP
Read-
ahead
data
Empty
data
Mis-hit data
Requested data
DAP
6 - 16
C141-E090-01EN
b. Sequential hit
When the last sector address of the previous read command is sequential to the lead sector
address of the received read command, the disk drive transfers the hit data in the buffer to
the host system.
The disk drive performs the read-ahead operation of the new continuous data to the empty
area that becomes vacant by data transfer at the same time as the disk drive starts
transferring data to the host system.
1) In the case that the contents of buffer is as follows at receiving a read command;
HAP (Completion of transferring requested data)
Read-ahead data
Hit data
DAP
Last LBA Start LBA
2) The disk drive starts the read-ahead operation to the empty area that becomes vacant
by data transfer at the same time as the disk drive starts transferring hit data.
HAP
Read-ahead data
New read-ahead data
Hit data
DAP
3) After completion of data transfer of hit data, the disk drive performs the read-ahead
operation for the data area of which the disk drive transferred hit data.
HAP
Read-ahead data
DAP
C141-E090-01EN
6 - 17
(3)
Full hit (hit all)
All requested data are stored in the data buffer. The disk drive starts transferring the requested
data from the address of which the requested data is stored. After completion of command, a
previously existed cache data before the full hit reading are still kept in the buffer, and the disk
drive does not perform the read-ahead operation. If the disk drive receives a full hit command
while performing the read-ahead operation, the disk drive starts transfering the requested data
without stopping the read-ahead operation.
1) In the case that the contents of the data buffer is as follows for example and the previous
command is a sequential read command, the disk drive sets the HAP to the address of
which the hit data is stored.
Last position at previous read command
HAP
HAP (set to hit position for data transfer)
Cache data
Full hit data
Cache data
DAP
Last position at previous read command
2) The disk drive transfers the requested data but does not perform the read-ahead operation.
HAP
(stopped)
Cache data
Full hit data
Cache data
(4)
Partially hit
A part of requested data including a lead sector are stored in the data buffer. The disk drive
starts the data transfer from the address of the hit data corresponding to the lead sector of the
requested data, and reads remaining requested data from the disk media directly.
Following is an example of partially hit to the cache data.
Cache data
Last LBA
Start LBA
6 - 18
C141-E090-01EN
1) The disk drive sets the HAP to the address where the partially hit data is stored, and sets
the DAP to the address just after the partially hit data.
HAP
Partially hit data
Lack data
DAP
2) The disk drive starts transferring partially hit data and reads lack data from the disk media
at the same time.
HAP
(stopped)
Requested data to be transferred
Partially hit data
Lack data
DAP
C141-E090-01EN
6 - 19
6.6
Write Cache
The write cache function of the drive makes a high speed processing in the case that data to be
written by a write command is logically sequent the data of previous command and random
write operation is performed.
When the drive receives a write command, the drive starts transferring data of sectors
requested by the host system and writing on the disk medium. After transferring data of
sectors requested by the host system, the drive generates the interrupt of command complete.
Also, the drive sets the normal end status in the Status register. The drive continues writing
data on the disk medium. When all data requested by the host are written on the disk medium,
actual write operation is completed.
The drive receives the next command continuously. If the received command is a "sequential
write" (data to be written by a command is logically sequent to data of previous command),
the drive starts data transfer and receives data of sectors requested by the host system. At this
time, if the write operation of the previous command is still been executed, the drive
continuously executes the write operation of the next command from the sector next to the last
sector of the previous write operation. Thus, the latency time for detecting a target sector of
the next command is eliminated. This shortens the access time. The drive generates an
interrupt of command complete after completion of data transfer requested by the host system
as same as at previous command. When the write operation of the previous command had
been completed, the latency time occurs to search the target sector.
If the received command is not a "sequential write", the drive receives data of sectors
requested by the host system as same as "sequential write". The drive generates the interrupt
of command complete after completion of data transfer requested by the host system.
Received data is processed after completion of the write operation to the disk medium of the
previous command.
Even if a hard reset or soft reset is received or the write cache function is disabled by the SET
FEATURES command during unwritten data is kept, the instruction is not executed until
remaining unwritten data is written onto the disk medium.
The drive uses a write data as a read cache data. When a read command is issued to the same
address after the write command, the read operation to the disk medium is not performed.
When an error occurs during the write operation, the drive makes retry as much as possible. If
the error cannot be recovered by retry, the drive stops the write operation to the erred sector,
and continues the write operation from the next sector if the write data is remained. (If the
drive stacks a write command, for that the drive posts the command completion, next to the
command that write operation is stopped by error occurrence.) After an error occurs at above
write operation, the drive posts the error status to the host system at next command. (The
drive does not execute this command, sets the error status that occurred at the write operation,
and generates the interrupt for abnormal end. However, when the drive receives a write
command after the completion of error processing, the drive posts the error after writing the
write data of the write command.)
6 - 20
C141-E090-01EN
At the time that the drive has stopped the command execution after the error recovery has
failed, the write cache function is disabled automatically. The releasing the disable state can
be done by the SET FEATURES command. When the power of the drive is turned on after
the power is turned off once, the status of the write cache function returns to the default state.
The default state is “write cache enable”, and can be disable by the SET FEATURES
command.
The write cache function is operated with the following command.
·
·
·
WRITE SECTOR(S)
WRITE MULTIPLE
WRITE DMA
IMPORTANT
When the write cache function is enabled, the transferred data from
the host by the WRITE SECTOR(S) is not completely written on the
disk medium at the time that the interrupt of command complete is
generated. When the unrecoverable error occurs during the write
operation, the command execution is stopped. Then, when the drive
receives the next command, it generates an interrupt of abnormal
end. However an interrupt of abnormal end is not generated when
a write automatic assignment succeeds. However, since the host
may issue several write commands before the drive generates an
interrupt of abnormal end, the host cannot recognize that the
occurred error is for which command generally. Therefore, it is
very hard to retry the unrecoverable write error for the host in the
write cache operation generally. So, take care to use the write
cache function.
C141-E090-01EN
6 - 21
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