Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform VM
User and Reference Guide
FASTFIND LINK
MK-96RD635-04
Contents
Preface..................................................................................................vii
Intended Audience..............................................................................................ix
Product Version...................................................................................................ix
Document Revision Level.....................................................................................ix
Source Document(s) for this Revision ...................................................................ix
Referenced Documents........................................................................................xi
Document Conventions....................................................................................... xii
Comments........................................................................................................ xiii
Product Overview................................................................................. 1-1
Software Products.............................................................................................1-8
Hardware Architecture.......................................................................................2-2
Multiple Data and Control Paths...................................................................2-3
Storage Clusters.........................................................................................2-4
Shared Memory..........................................................................................2-6
Contents
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Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Hard Disk Drives...................................................................................... 2-11
Power Supplies........................................................................................ 2-12
Device Emulation Intermix........................................................................ 2-17
Sequential Data Striping............................................................................. 3-4
Open-Systems Operations............................................................................... 3-24
Open-Systems Configuration..................................................................... 3-26
Battery Backup Operations.............................................................................. 3-27
Troubleshooting................................................................................... 4-1
General Troubleshooting................................................................................... 4-2
Calling the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center................................................. 4-4
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Contents
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Contents
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Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
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Contents
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Preface
This document describes the physical, functional, and operational
characteristics of the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V (USP V) and Hitachi
Universal Storage Platform VM (USP VM) storage systems and provides
general instructions for operating the USP V and USP VM.
Please read this document carefully to understand how to use this product,
and maintain a copy for reference purposes.
This preface includes the following information:
ꢀ Comments
Notice: The use of the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage
systems and all other Hitachi Data Systems products is governed by the terms
of your agreement(s) with Hitachi Data Systems.
Preface
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Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Safety and Environmental Notices
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when
the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
“EINE LEICHT ZUGÄNGLICHE TRENN-VORRICHTUNG, MIT EINER KONTAKT-
ÖFFNUNGSWEITE VON MINDESTENS 3mm IST IN DER UNMITTELBAREN NÄHE
DER VERBRAUCHERANLAGE ANZUORDNEN (4-POLIGE ABSCHALTUNG).”
Maschinenlärminformationsverordnung 3. GSGV, 18.01.1991: Der
höchste Schalldruckpegel beträgt 70 db(A) oder weniger gemäß ISO 7779.
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
LASER KLASSE 1
WARNING: This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product
may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take
adequate measures.
WARNUNG: Dies ist ein Produkt der Klasse A. In nichtgewerblichen
Umgebungen können von dem Gerät Funkstörungen ausgehen, zu deren
Beseitigung vom Benutzer geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen sind.
viii
Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Intended Audience
This document is intended for system administrators, Hitachi Data Systems
representatives, and authorized service providers who are involved in
installing, configuring, and operating the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V
Preface
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Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Changes in this Revision
• Added the 400-GB disk drive (Specifications at a Glance, Hard Disk Drives).
• Updated the maximum usable capacity values (Specifications at a Glance).
• Added a table of specifications for the disk drives (new Table 2-3).
• Updated the list of public system option modes (Table 3-1).
– Added the following new modes: 545, 685, 689, 690, 697, 701, 704.
– Modified the description of mode 467 as follows:
• Changed the default from OFF to ON.
• Added Universal Volume Manager to the list of affected functions.
• Added a caution about setting mode 467 ON when using external
volumes as secondary copy volumes.
• Added a note about copy processing time and the prioritization of
host I/O performance.
– Removed mode 198.
Document Organization
The following table provides an overview of the contents and organization of
this document. Click the chapter title in the left column to go to that chapter.
The first page of each chapter provides links to the sections in that chapter.
Chapter
Description
Product Overview
Provides an overview of the Universal Storage Platform V/VM, including
features, benefits, general function, and connectivity descriptions.
Architecture and Components Describes the Universal Storage Platform V/VM architecture and
components.
Functional and Operational
Characteristics
Discusses the functional and operational capabilities of the Universal
Storage Platform V/VM.
Troubleshooting
Provides troubleshooting guidelines and customer support contact
information for the Universal Storage Platform V/VM.
Units and Unit Conversions
Provides conversions for standard (U.S.) and metric units of measure
associated with the Universal Storage Platform V/VM.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Index
Defines the acronyms and abbreviations used in this document.
Lists the topics in this document in alphabetical order.
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Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Referenced Documents
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM documentation:
• Other referenced USP V/VM documents:
– USP V Installation Planning Guide, MK-97RD6668
– USP VM Installation Planning Guide, MK-97RD6679
IBM® documentation:
• Planning for IBM Remote Copy, SG24-2595
• DFSMSdfp Storage Administrator Reference, SC28-4920
• DFSMS MVS V1 Remote Copy Guide and Reference, SC35-0169
• OS/390 Advanced Copy Services, SC35-0395
• Storage Subsystem Library, 3990 Transaction Processing Facility Support
RPQs, GA32-0134
• 3990 Operations and Recovery Guide, GA32-0253
• Storage Subsystem Library, 3990 Storage Control Reference for Model 6,
GA32-0274
Preface
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Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Document Conventions
The terms “Universal Storage Platform V” and “Universal Storage Platform VM”
refer to all models of the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage
systems, unless otherwise noted.
This document uses the following icons to draw attention to information:
Icon
Meaning
Description
Note
Tip
Calls attention to important and/or additional information.
Provides helpful information, guidelines, or suggestions for performing
tasks more effectively.
Caution
Warns the user of adverse conditions and/or consequences (e.g.,
disruptive operations).
WARNING
DANGER
Warns the user of severe conditions and/or consequences (e.g.,
destructive operations).
Dangers provide information about how to avoid physical injury to
yourself and others.
ELECTRIC SHOCK Warns the user of electric shock hazard. Failure to take appropriate
HAZARD!
precautions (e.g., do not touch) could result in serious injury.
ESD Sensitive
Warns the user that the hardware is sensitive to electrostatic discharge
(ESD). Failure to take appropriate precautions (e.g., grounded wrist
strap) could result in damage to the hardware.
Convention for Storage Capacity Values
Physical storage capacity values (e.g., disk drive capacity) are calculated
based on the following values:
1 KB = 1,000 bytes
1 MB = 1,0002 bytes
1 GB = 1,0003 bytes
1 TB = 1,0004 bytes
1 PB = 1,0005 bytes
Logical storage capacity values (e.g., logical device capacity) are calculated
based on the following values:
1 KB = 1,024 bytes
1 MB = 1,0242 bytes
1 GB = 1,0243 bytes
1 TB = 1,0244 bytes
1 PB = 1,0245 bytes
1 block = 512 bytes
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Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Getting Help
If you need to call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center, make sure to
provide as much information about the problem as possible, including:
• The circumstances surrounding the error or failure.
• The exact content of any message(s) displayed on the host system(s).
• The exact content of any message(s) displayed by Storage Navigator.
• The service information messages (SIMs), including reference codes and
severity levels, displayed by Storage Navigator and/or logged at the host.
The Hitachi Data Systems customer support staff is available 24 hours/day,
seven days a week. If you need technical support, please call:
• United States: (800) 446-0744
• Outside the United States: (858) 547-4526
Comments
Please send us your comments on this document. Make sure to include the
document title, number, and revision. Please refer to specific section(s) and
paragraph(s) whenever possible.
• Fax: 858-695-1186
• Mail:
Technical Writing, M/S 35-10
Hitachi Data Systems
10277 Scripps Ranch Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92131
Thank you! (All comments become the property of Hitachi Data Systems
Corporation.)
Preface
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Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
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Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Universal Storage Platform V Family
The Hitachi Universal Storage Platform™ V family, the industry’s highest
performing and most scalable storage solution, represents the first
implementation of a large-scale, enterprise-class virtualization layer combined
with thin provisioning software, delivering virtualization of internal and
external storage into one pool. Users realize the consolidation benefits of
external storage virtualization with the efficiencies, power, and cooling
advantages of thin provisioning in one integrated solution.
The Universal Storage Platform V family, which includes the USP V floor
models and the rack-mounted USP VM, offer a wide range of storage and data
services, including thin provisioning with Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning™
software, application-centric storage management and logical partitioning, and
simplified and unified data replication across heterogeneous storage systems.
The Universal Storage Platform V family enables users to deploy applications
within a new framework, leverage and add value to current investments, and
more closely align IT with business objectives.
The Universal Storage Platform V family is an integral part of the Services
Oriented Storage Solutions architecture from Hitachi Data Systems. These
storage systems provide the foundation for matching application requirements
to different classes of storage and deliver critical services such as:
• Business continuity services
• Content management services (search, indexing)
• Non-disruptive data migration
• Volume management across heterogeneous storage arrays
• Thin provisioning
• Security services (immutability, logging, auditing, data shredding)
• Data de-duplication
• I/O load balancing
• Data classification
• File management services
For further information on storage solutions and the Universal Storage
Platform V and VM storage systems, please contact your Hitachi Data Systems
account team.
1-2
Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
New and Improved Capabilities
The Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems offer the
following new and improved capabilities as compared with the TagmaStore
Universal Storage Platform and Network Storage Controller:
• NEW! Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning™
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning is a new and advanced thin-provisioning
software product that provides “virtual storage capacity” to simplify
administration and addition of storage, eliminate application service
interruptions, and reduce costs.
• Cache capacity
The USP V supports up to 256 GB (128 GB for TagmaStore USP).
• Shared memory capacity
The USP V supports up to 32 GB (12 GB for TagmaStore USP).
The USP VM supports up to 16 GB (6 GB for TagmaStore NSC).
• Total storage capacity (internal and external storage)
The USP V supports up to 247 PB (32 PB for TagmaStore USP).
The USP VM supports up to 96 PB (16 PB for TagmaStore NSC).
• Aggregate bandwidth
The USP V provides an aggregate bandwidth of up to 106 GB/sec
(81 GB/sec for TagmaStore USP).
• Fibre-channel ports
The USP V supports up to 224 FC ports (192 for TagmaStore USP).
• FICON® ports
The USP V supports up to 112 FICON ports (96 for TagmaStore USP).
The USP VM supports up to 24 FICON ports (16 for TagmaStore NSC).
• ESCON® ports
The USP V supports up to 112 ESCON ports (96 for TagmaStore USP).
• Open-system logical devices
The USP VM supports up to 65,536 LDEVs (16,384 for TagmaStore NSC).
Product Overview
1-3
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Specifications at a Glance
Specifications for the Universal Storage Platform V
Table 1-1 provides a brief overview of the USP V specifications.
Table 1-1
Specifications – Universal Storage Platform V
Controller
Basic platform packaging unit: Integrated control/array frame and 1 to 4 optional array frames
Universal Star Network Crossbar Switch
Number of switches
Aggregate bandwidth
Aggregate IOPS
8
106 GB/sec
4.5 million
Cache Memory
Boards
32
Board capacity
4 GB or 8 GB
256 GB
Maximum
Shared Memory
Boards
8
Board capacity
4 GB
32 GB
Maximum
Front-End Directors (Connectivity)
Boards
14
Fibre-channel host ports per board
Maximum fibre-channel host ports
Virtual host ports
Maximum FICON host ports
Maximum ESCON host ports
8 or 16
224
1,024 per physical port
112
112
Logical Devices (LDEVs)—Maximum Supported
Open systems
65,536
Mainframe
65,536
Hard Disk Drives
Type (fibre channel)
73 GB, 146 GB, 300 GB, 400 GB, 750 GB
Number of drives (minimum–maximum)
Spare drives per system (minimum–maximum)
4–1152
1–16
1-4
Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Internal Raw Capacity
Minimum (73-GB disks)
82 TB
Maximum (750-GB disks)
850.8 TB
Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-5
Open systems (750-GB disks)
Mainframe (400-GB disks)
739.3 TB
374.3 TB
Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-6
Open systems (750-GB disks)
Mainframe (400-GB disks)
633.7 TB
318.5 TB
Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-1+
Open systems (750-GB disks)
Mainframe (400-GB disks)
423.9 TB
207.7 TB
External Storage Support
Maximum internal and external capacity
Virtual Storage Machines
Standard Back-End Directors
Operating System Support
247 PB
32
1-8
Mainframe: IBM OS/390®, MVS/ESA™, MVS/XA™, VM/ESA®, VSE/ESA™, z/OS, z/OS.e, z/VM®,
zVSE™; Fujitsu MSP; Red Hat Linux for IBM S/390® and zSeries®
Open Systems: Sun Solaris, HP-UX, IBM AIX®, Microsoft® Windows, Novell NetWare, Red Hat
and SuSE Linux, VMWare ESX, HP Tru64, SGI IRIX, HP OpenVMS
Product Overview
1-5
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Specifications for the Universal Storage Platform VM
Table 1-2 provides a brief overview of the USP VM specifications.
Table 1-2
Specifications – Universal Storage Platform VM
Controller
Single-rack configuration: controller and up to two disk chassis
Optional second rack: up to two disk chassis
Universal Star Network Crossbar Switch
Number of switches
Aggregate bandwidth
Aggregate IOPS
2
13.3 GB/sec
1.2 million
Cache Memory
Boards
8
Board capacity
4 or 8 GB
64 GB
Maximum
Shared Memory
Boards
4
Board capacity
4 GB
16 GB
Maximum
Front-End Directors (Connectivity)
Boards
3
Fibre-channel host ports per feature
Fibre-channel port performance
Maximum number of fibre-channel host ports
Virtual host ports
8 or 16
4 Gb/sec
48
1,024 per physical port
Maximum FICON host ports
Maximum ESCON host ports
24
24
Logical Devices (LDEVs)—Maximum Supported
Open systems
65,536
Mainframe
65,536
Hard Disk Drives
Capacity and (fibre channel)
Number (minimum–maximum)
Spare drives per system (minimum–maximum)
Internal Raw Capacity
Minimum (73-GB disks)
Maximum (750-GB disks)
73 GB, 146 GB, 300 GB, 400 GB, 750 GB
0–240
1–16
0 GB (146 GB)
177 TB
1-6
Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Controller
Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-5
Open systems (750-GB disks)
Mainframe (400-GB disks)
144.7 TB
73.3 TB
Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-6
Open systems (750-GB disks)
Mainframe (400-GB disks)
124 TB
62.4 TB
Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-1+
Open systems (750-GB disks)
Mainframe (400-GB disks)
87.1 TB
42.7 TB
External Storage Support
Maximum internal and external capacity
Virtual Storage Machines
Standard Back-End Director
Operating System Support
96 PB
8
1
Mainframe: IBM OS/390®, MVS/ESA™, MVS/XA™, VM/ESA®, VSE/ESA™, z/OS, z/OS.e, z/VM®,
zVSE™; Fujitsu MSP; Red Hat Linux for IBM S/390® and zSeries®
Open Systems: Sun Solaris, HP-UX, IBM AIX®, Microsoft® Windows, Novell NetWare, Red Hat
and SuSE Linux, VMWare ESX, HP Tru64, HP OpenVMS
Product Overview
1-7
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Software Products
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM provide many advanced features and
functions that increase data accessibility and deliver enterprise-wide coverage
of online data copy/relocation, data access/protection, and storage resource
management. Hitachi Data Systems’ software products and solutions provide a
full set of industry-leading copy, availability, resource management, and
exchange software to support business continuity, database backup and
restore, application testing, and data mining.
Table 1-3 lists and describes the Storage Navigator-based software for the
Universal Storage Platform V and VM. Table 1-4 lists and describes the
host/server-based software for the Universal Storage Platform V and VM.
NEW – Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning is a new and advanced thin-provisioning software
product for the Universal Storage Platform V/VM that provides “virtual storage
capacity” to simplify administration and addition of storage, eliminate
application service interruptions, and reduce costs.
Dynamic Provisioning allows storage to be allocated to an application without
being physically mapped until it is used. This “just-in-time” provisioning de-
couples the provisioning of storage to an application from the physical addition
of storage capacity to the storage system to achieve overall higher rates of
storage utilization. Dynamic Provisioning also transparently spreads many
individual I/O workloads across multiple physical disks. This I/O workload
balancing feature directly reduces performance and capacity management
expenses by eliminating I/O bottlenecks across multiple applications.
For further information on Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning, please contact your
Hitachi Data Systems account team, or visit Hitachi Data Systems online at
1-8
Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Table 1-3
Storage Navigator-Based Software
Name
Description
Documents
Hitachi Storage Navigator
Obtains system configuration and status information and sends user-
requested commands to the storage systems. Serves as the
integrated user interface for all Resource Manager components.
MK-96RD621
MK-96RD613
Hitachi Storage Navigator
Messages
NEW: Hitachi Dynamic
Provisioning
Provides “virtual storage capacity” to simplify administration and
addition of storage, eliminate application service interruptions, and
MK-96RD641
Hitachi TrueCopy
Enables the user to perform remote copy operations between storage
systems in different locations. TrueCopy provides synchronous and
asynchronous copy modes for open-system and mainframe data.
MK-96RD622
MK-96RD623
Hitachi TrueCopy for
IBM z/OS
Hitachi ShadowImage
Allows the user to create internal copies of volumes for purposes such
as application testing and offline backup. Can be used in conjunction
with TrueCopy to maintain multiple copies of data at primary and
secondary sites.
MK-96RD618
MK-96RD619
Hitachi ShadowImage for
IBM z/OS
Hitachi Compatible Mirroring
for IBM FlashCopy
Provides compatibility with the IBM FlashCopy mainframe host
software function, which performs server-based data replication for
mainframe data.
MK-96RD614
Hitachi Universal Replicator
Provides a RAID storage-based hardware solution for disaster
recovery which enables fast and accurate system recovery,
particularly for large amounts of data which span multiple volumes.
Using UR, you can configure and manage highly reliable data
replication systems using journal volumes to reduce chances of
suspension of copy operations.
MK-96RD624
MK-96RD625
Hitachi Universal Replicator
for IBM z/OS
Hitachi Compatible
Replication for IBM XRC*
Provides compatibility with the IBM Extended Remote Copy (XRC)
mainframe host software function, which performs server-based
asynchronous remote copy operations for mainframe LVIs.
MK-96RD610
Hitachi Copy-on-Write
Snapshot
Provides ShadowImage functionality using less capacity of the storage MK-96RD607
system and less time for processing than ShadowImage by using
“virtual” secondary volumes. COW Snapshot is useful for copying and
managing data in a short time with reduced cost. ShadowImage
provides higher data integrity.
Hitachi Universal Volume
Manager
Realizes the virtualization of the storage system. Users can connect
other storage systems to the USP V/VM and access the data on the
external storage system over virtual devices on the USP V/VM.
Functions such as TrueCopy and Cache Residency can be performed
on the external data.
MK-96RD626
Hitachi Virtual Partition
Manager
Provides storage logical partition and cache logical partition:
MK-96RD629
ƒ
Storage logical partition allows you to divide the available storage
among various users to reduce conflicts over usage.
ƒ
Cache logical partition allows you to divide the cache into multiple
virtual cache memories to reduce I/O contention.
Hitachi LUN Manager
Hitachi SNMP Agent
Enables users to configure the fibre-channel ports and devices (LUs)
for operational environments (for example, arbitrated-loop and fabric
topologies, host failover support).
MK-96RD615
MK-96RD620
Provides support for SNMP monitoring and management. Includes
Hitachi specific MIBs and enables SNMP-based reporting on status and
alerts. SNMP agent on the SVP gathers usage and error information
and transfers the information to the SNMP manager on the host.
Audit Log
Provides detailed records of all operations performed using Storage
Navigator (and the SVP).
MK-96RD606
Product Overview
1-9
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Encrypted Communications
Hitachi LUN Expansion
Allows users to employ SSL-encrypted communications with the
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM.
MK-96RD631
MK-96RD616
Allows open-system users to concatenate multiple LUs into single LUs
to enable open-system hosts to access the data on the entire
Universal Storage Platform V/VM using fewer logical units.
Hitachi Virtual LVI/LUN
Enables users to convert single volumes (LVIs or LUs) into multiple
smaller volumes to improve data access performance.
MK-96RD630
MK-96RD609
MK-96RD608
Hitachi Cache Residency
Manager
Allows users to “lock” and “unlock” data into cache in real time to
optimize access to your most frequently accessed data.
Hitachi Compatible PAV
Enables the mainframe host to issue multiple I/O requests in parallel
to single LDEVs in the USP V/VM. Compatible PAV provides
compatibility with the IBM Workload Manager (WLM) host software
function and supports both static and dynamic PAV functionality.
Hitachi LUN Security
Allows users to restrict host access to data on the USP V/VM. Open-
system users can restrict host access to LUs based on the host’s world
wide name (WWN). Mainframe users can restrict host access to LVIs
based on node IDs and logical partition (LPAR) numbers.
MK-96RD615
MK-96RD628
Hitachi Volume Security
Hitachi Database Validator*
Prevents corrupted data environments by identifying and rejecting
corrupted data blocks before they are written onto the storage disk,
thus minimizing risk and potential costs in backup, restore, and
recovery operations.
MK-96RD611
Hitachi Data Retention Utility
Allows users to protect data from I/O operations performed by hosts.
Users can assign an access attribute to each logical volume to restrict
read and/or write operations, preventing unauthorized access to data.
MK-96RD612
MK-96RD627
Hitachi Volume Retention
Manager
Hitachi Performance Monitor
Hitachi Volume Migration
Performs detailed monitoring of storage system and volume activity.
Performs automatic relocation of volumes to optimize performance.
MK-96RD617
MK-96RD617
MK-96RD617
Hitachi Server Priority
Manager*
Allows open-system users to designate prioritized ports (for example,
for production servers) and non-prioritized ports (for example, for
development servers) and set thresholds and upper limits for the I/O
activity of these ports.
Volume Shredder
Enables users to overwrite data on logical volumes with dummy data.
MK-96RD630
* Please contact your Hitachi Data Systems account team for the latest
information on the availability of these features.
1-10
Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Table 1-4
Host/Server-Based Software
Name
Description
Documents
Hitachi Command
Control Interface
Enables open-system users to perform data replication
and data protection operations by issuing commands
from the host to the Hitachi storage systems. The CCI
software supports scripting and provides failover and
mutual hot standby functionality in cooperation with
host failover products.
User and Reference Guide:
MK-90RD011
Hitachi Cross-OS
File Exchange
Enables users to transfer data between mainframe and
open-system platforms using the FICON and/or ESCON
channels, for high-speed data transfer without requiring
network communication links or tape.
User’s Guide: MK-96RD647
Code Converter: MK-94RD253
Hitachi Code
Converter
HiCommand Global
Link Availability
Manager
Provides simple, integrated, single-point, multipath
storage connection management and reporting.
Improves system reliability and reduces downtime by
automated path health checks, reporting alerts and
error information from hosts, and assisting with rapid
troubleshooting. Administrators can optimize application
performance by controlling path bandwidth (per host
LUN load balancing), and keep applications online while
performing tasks that require taking a path down by
easily switching to and from alternate paths
User’s Guide: MK-95HC106
Installation & Admin: MK-95HC107
Messages: MK-95HC108
Hitachi Dynamic
Link Manager
Provides automatic load balancing, path failover, and
recovery capabilities in the event of a path failure.
Concepts & Planning: MK-96HC144
For AIX: MK-92DLM111
For HP-UX: MK-92DLM112
For Linux: MK-92DLM113
For Solaris: MK-92DLM114
For Windows: MK-92DLM129
HiCommand
Device Manager
Enables users to manage the Hitachi storage systems
and perform functions (e.g., LUN Manager,
ShadowImage) from virtually any location via the
Device Manager Web Client, command line interface
(CLI), and/or third-party application.
Web Client: MK-91HC001
Server Inst & Config: MK-91HC002
CLI: MK-91HC007
Messages: MK-92HC016
Agent: MK-92HC019
HiCommand
Provisioning
Manager
Designed to handle a variety of storage systems to
simplify storage management operations and reduce
costs. Works together with HiCommand Device Manager
to provide the functionality to integrate, manipulate,
and manage storage using provisioning plans.
User’s Guide: MK-93HC035
Server: MK-93HC038
Messages: MK-95HC117
Hitachi Business
Enables mainframe users to make Point-in-Time (PiT)
Installation: MK-95HC104
Reference Guide: MK-95HC105
User’s Guide: MK-94RD247
Messages: MK-94RD262
Continuity Manager copies of production data, without quiescing the
application or causing any disruption to end-user
operations, for such uses as application testing,
business intelligence, and disaster recovery for business
continuance.
HiCommand
Replication Monitor
Supports management of storage replication (copy pair)
operations, enabling users to view (report) the
Install & Config: MK-96HC131
Messages: MK-96HC132
configuration, change the status, and troubleshoot copy
pair issues. Replication Monitor is particularly effective
in environments that include multiple storage systems
or multiple physical locations, and in environments in
which various types of volume replication functionality
(such as both ShadowImage and TrueCopy) are used.
User’s Guide: MK-94HC093
Product Overview
1-11
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Hardware Architecture
Figure 2-1 illustrates the hardware architecture of the Universal Storage
Platform V storage system. Figure 2-2 illustrates the hardware architecture of
the Universal Storage Platform VM storage system. As shown, the USP V and
USP VM share the same hardware architecture, differing only in number of
features (FEDs, BEDs, etc.), number of hard disk drives (HDDs), and power
supply.
Channel Interface
Controller
Power Supply
SMA
SMA
SM Path
BED
FED
FED
BED
Input
AC-DC
AC-DC
Power
Power
AC-Box
AC-Box
Supply
Battery
CSW
CSW
Battery
Box
Cache Path
CMA
CMA
Power Supply
Disk Path (max. 64 paths)
Input
Power
AC-DC
FC-AL (4 Gbps/port)
AC-Box
AC-Box
AC-DC
Power
Max. 48
HDDs
Supply
Battery
Battery
Box
Disk Unit
Max. 1,152 HDDs per storage system
Figure 2-1
Universal Storage Platform V Hardware Architecture
2-2
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Channel Interface
Controller
Power Supply
SMA
SMA
SM Path
CHA
Input
Power
DKA
CHA
DKA
AC-DC
AC-DC
Power
PDU
Supply
Battery
Battery
CSW
CMA
CSW
CMA
Box
Cache Path
Input
Power
Power Supply
Disk Path (max. 8 paths)
AC-DC
FC-AL (4 Gbps/port)
AC-DC
PDU
Power
Max. 60
HDDs
Supply
Disk Unit
Max. 240 HDDs per storage system
Figure 2-2
Universal Storage Platform VM Hardware Architecture
Multiple Data and Control Paths
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM employs the proven Hi-Star™ crossbar
switch architecture, which uses multiple point-to-point data and command
paths to provide redundancy and improve performance. Each data and
command path is independent. The individual paths between the front-end or
back-end directors and cache are steered by high-speed cache switch cards
(CSWs). The USP V/VM does not have any common buses, thus eliminating
the performance degradation and contention that can occur in bus
architecture. All data stored on the USP V/VM is moved into and out of cache
over the redundant high-speed paths.
Architecture and Components
2-3
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Storage Clusters
Each controller consists of two redundant controller halves called storage
clusters. Each storage cluster contains all physical and logical elements (for
example, power supplies, channel adapters, disk adapters, cache, control
storage) needed to sustain processing within the storage system. Both storage
clusters should be connected to each host using an alternate path scheme, so
that if one storage cluster fails, the other storage cluster can continue
processing for the entire storage system.
The front-end and back-end directors are split between clusters to provide full
backup. Each storage cluster also contains a separate, duplicate copy of cache
and shared memory contents. In addition to the high-level redundancy that
this type of storage clustering provides, many of the individual components
within each storage cluster contain redundant circuits, paths, and/or
processors to allow the storage cluster to remain operational even with
multiple component failures. Each storage cluster is powered by its own set of
power supplies, which can provide power for the entire storage system in the
event of power supply failure. Because of this redundancy, the USP V/VM can
sustain the loss of multiple power supplies and still continue operation.
The redundancy and backup features of the USP V/VM eliminate all active
single points of failure, no matter how unlikely, to provide an additional level
of reliability and data availability.
2-4
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Hardware Components
The USP V/VM hardware includes the controller, disk unit, and power supply
components. Each component is connected over the cache paths, shared
memory paths, and/or disk paths. The USP V/VM controller is fully redundant
and has no active single point of failure. All components can be repaired or
replaced without interrupting access to user data.
The main hardware components of the USP V and VM storage systems are:
Architecture and Components
2-5
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Shared Memory
The nonvolatile shared memory contains the cache directory and configuration
information for the USP V/VM storage system. The path group arrays (for
example, for dynamic path selection) also reside in the shared memory. The
shared memory is duplexed, and each side of the duplex resides on the first
two shared memory cards, which are in clusters 1 and 2. In the event of a
power failure, shared memory is protected for at least 36 hours by battery
backup.
The Universal Storage Platform V can be configured with up to 32 GB of shared
memory, and the Universal Storage Platform VM can be configured with up to
16 GB of shared memory. The size of the shared memory is determined by
several factors, including total cache size, number of logical devices (LDEVs),
and replication function(s) in use. Any required increase beyond the base size
is automatically shipped and configured during the installation or upgrade
process.
Cache Memory
The Universal Storage Platform V can be configured with up to 256 GB of
cache, and the Universal Storage Platform VM can be configured with up to
64 GB of cache memory. All cache memory in the USP V/VM is nonvolatile and
is protected for at least 36 hours by battery backup.
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems place all read and
write data in cache. The amount of fast-write data in cache is dynamically
managed by the cache control algorithms to provide the optimum amount of
read and write cache, depending on the workload read and write I/O
characteristics.
The cache is divided into two equal areas (called cache A and cache B) on
separate cards. Cache A is in cluster 1, and cache B is in cluster 2. The
Universal Storage Platform V/VM places all read and write data in cache. Write
data is normally written to both cache A and B with one channel write
operation, so that the data is always duplicated (duplexed) across logic and
power boundaries. If one copy of write data is defective or lost, the other copy
is immediately destaged to disk. This “duplex cache” design ensures full data
integrity in the unlikely event of a cache memory or power-related failure.
Note: Mainframe hosts can specify special attributes (for example, cache fast
write (CFW) command) to write data (typically sort work data) without write
duplexing. This data is not duplexed and is usually given a discard command
at the end of the sort, so that the data will not be destaged to the disk drives.
2-6
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Front-End Directors and Host Channels
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM support all-mainframe, all-open-
system, and multiplatform configurations. The front-end directors (FEDs)
process the channel commands from the hosts and manage host access to
cache. In the mainframe environment, the front-end directors perform CKD-
to-FBA and FBA-to-CKD conversion for the data in cache.
Each front-end director feature (pair of boards) is composed of one type of
host channel interface: fibre-channel, FICON, or Extended Serial Adapter
(ExSA) (compatible with ESCON protocol). The channel interfaces on each
board can transfer data simultaneously and independently.
The FICON and fibre-channel FED features are available in shortwave
(multimode) and longwave (single mode) versions. When configured with
shortwave features, the USP V/VM can be located up to 500 meters (2750
feet) from the host. When configured with longwave features, the USP V/VM
can be located up to ten kilometers from the host(s).
• FICON. The FICON features provide data transfer speeds of up to 4 Gbps
and have 8 ports per feature (pair of boards).
Note: FICON data transmission rates vary according to configuration:
S/390 Parallel Enterprise Servers - Generation 5 (G5) and Generation 6
(G6) only support FICON at 1 Gbps.
z800 and z900 series hosts have the following possible configurations:
– FICON channel will operate at 1 Gbps ONLY.
– FICON EXPRESS channel transmission rates will vary according to
microcode release. If microcode is 3G or later, the channel will auto-
negotiate to set a 1-Gbps or 2-Gbps transmission rate. If microcode is
previous to 3G, the channel will operate at 1 Gbps ONLY.
For further information on FICON connectivity, refer to the Mainframe Host
Attachment and Operations Guide (MK-96RD645), or contact your Hitachi
Data Systems representative.
• ESCON. The ExSA features provide data transfer speeds of up to 17
MB/sec and have 8 ports per feature (pair of boards). Each ExSA channel
can be directly connected to a CHPID or a serial channel director. Shared
serial channels can be used for dynamic path switching. The USP V/VM also
supports the ESCON Extended Distance Feature (XDF).
• Fibre-Channel. The fibre-channel features provide data transfer speeds of
up to 4 Gbps and can have either 8 or 16 ports per feature (pair of
boards). The USP V/VM supports shortwave (multimode) and longwave
(single-mode) versions of fibre-channel ports on the same adapter board.
Note: Fiber-channel connectivity is also supported for IBM mainframe
attachment when host FICON channel paths are defined to operate in fiber-
channel protocol (FCP) mode.
Architecture and Components
2-7
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Table 2-1 lists the specifications and configurations for the front-end directors
and specifies the number of channel connections for each configuration.
Table 2-1
Front-End Director and Channel Specifications
Parameter
Specifications
Number of front-end director features
USP V: 1 – 8, 14 when FEDs are installed in BED slots
USP VM: 1 – 3
Simultaneous data transfers per FED pair:
FICON
8
ExSA (ESCON)
Fibre-channel
8
8, 16
Maximum data transfer rate:
FICON
400 MB/sec (4 Gbps)
17 MB/sec
400 MB/sec (4 Gbps)
ExSA (ESCON)
Fibre-channel
Physical interfaces per FED pair:
FICON
8
ExSA (ESCON)
8
Fibre-channel
8, 16
Max. physical FICON interfaces per system
Max. physical ExSA interfaces per system
Max. physical FC interfaces per system
Logical paths per FICON port
USP V: 112
USP VM: 24
USP V: 112
USP VM: 24
USP V: 224
USP VM: 48
2105 emulation: 65,536 (1024 host paths × 64 CUs)
2107 emulation: 261,120 (1024 host paths x 255 CUs)
Logical paths per ExSA (ESCON) port
Max. FICON logical paths per system
512 (32 host paths × 16 CUs) *
2105 emulation: 131,072
2107 emulation: 522,240
Max. ExSA (ESCON) logical paths per system
Maximum LUs per fibre-channel port
Maximum LDEVs per storage system
8,192
2048
USP V: 130,560 (256 LDEVs x 510 CUs)
USP VM: 65,280
*Note: When the number of devices per CHL image is limited to a maximum
of 1024, 16 CU images can be assigned per CHL image. If one CU includes 256
devices, the maximum number of CUs per CHL image is limited to 4.
2-8
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Back-End Directors and Array Domains
The back-end director (BED) features control the transfer of data between the
disk drives and cache. The BEDs are installed in pairs for redundancy and
performance. The USP V can be configured with up to eight BED pairs,
providing up to 64 concurrent data transfers to and from the disk drives. The
USP VM is configured with one BED pair, which provides eight concurrent data
transfers to and from the disk drives.
The disk drives are connected to the BED pairs by fibre cables using an
arbitrated-loop (FC-AL) topology. Each BED pair has eight independent fibre
back-end paths controlled by eight back-end microprocessors. Each dual-
ported fibre-channel disk drive is connected through its two ports to each
board in a BED pair over separate physical paths for improved performance as
well as redundancy.
Table 2-2 lists the BED specifications. Each BED pair contains eight buffers
(one per fibre path) that support data transfer to and from cache. Each dual-
ported disk drive can transfer data over either port. Each of the two paths
shared by the disk drive is connected to a separate board in the BED pair to
provide alternate path capability. Each BED pair is capable of eight
simultaneous data transfers to or from the HDDs.
Table 2-2
BED Specifications
Parameter
Specifications
Number of back-end director features
USP V: 1 – 8
USP VM: 1
Back-end paths per BED feature
8
Back-end paths per storage system
USP V: 8 – 64
USP VM: 8
Back-end array interface type
Fibre-channel arbitrated loop (FC-AL)
Back-end interface transfer rate (burst rate)
Maximum concurrent back-end operations per BED feature
Maximum concurrent back-end operations per storage system
400 MB/sec (4 Gbps)
8
USP V: 64
USP VM: 8
Back-end (data) bandwidth
USP V: 68 GB/sec
USP VM: 8.5 GB/sec
Architecture and Components
2-9
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Figure 2-3 illustrates a conceptual array domain. All functions, paths, and disk
drives controlled by one BED pair are called an “array domain.” An array
domain can contain a variety of LVI and/or LU configurations. RAID-level
intermix (all RAID types) is allowed within an array domain (under a BED pair)
but not within an array group.
RAID group (7D+1P / 4D+4D)
Fibre Port Number
Fibre Port
00
00
00
00
01
01
01
01
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
Fibre Loop
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BED
(CL1)
BED Pair
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
00
00
00
00
01
01
01
01
62
62
62
62
63
63
63
63
BED
(CL2)
RAID group (3D+1P / 2D+2D)*1
Max. 64 HDDs per FCAL
*1: A RAID group (3D+1P/2D+2D) consists of fibre port number 0, 2, 4, and 6, or 1, 3, 5 and 7.
Figure 2-3
Conceptual Array Domain
2-10
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Hard Disk Drives
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM uses disk drives with fixed-block-
architecture (FBA) format. Table 2-3 lists and describes the currently available
hard disk drives: 72 GB, 146 GB, 300 GB, 400 GB, and 750 GB.
Table 2-3
Disk Drive Specifications
Disk Drive
Size
Formatted
Capacity*
Revolution
Speed
Interface
Interface Data Transfer Rate
(maximum)
72 GB
71.50 GB
15,000 rpm
15,000 rpm
10,000 rpm
15,000 rpm
10,000 rpm
7,200 rpm
FC
400 MB/s
400 MB/s
200 MB/s
400 MB/s
400 MB/s
300 MB/s
146 GB
300 GB
300 GB
400 GB
750 GB
143.76 GB
288.20 GB
288.20 GB
393.85 GB
738.62 GB
FC
FC
FC
FC
SATA
* The storage capacity values for the disk drives (raw capacity) are calculated based on the following
values: 1 KB = 1,000 bytes, 1 MB = 1,0002 bytes, 1 GB = 1,0003 bytes, 1 TB = 1,0004 bytes.
Each disk drive can be replaced non-disruptively on site. The USP V/VM utilizes
diagnostic techniques and background dynamic scrubbing that detect and
correct disk errors. Dynamic sparing is invoked automatically if needed. For an
array group of any RAID level, any spare disk drive can back up any other disk
drive of the same rotation speed and the same or lower capacity anywhere in
the storage system, even if the failed disk and the spare disk are in different
array domains (attached to different BED pairs). The USP V/VM can be
configured with up to 16 spare disk drives. The standard configuration
provides one spare drive for each type of drive installed in the storage system.
The Hi-Track monitoring and reporting tool detects disk failures and notifies
the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center automatically, and a service
representative is sent to replace the disk drive.
Note: The spare disk drives are used only as replacements and are not
included in the storage capacity ratings of the storage system.
Service Processor
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM includes a built-in custom PC called the
service processor (SVP). The SVP is integrated into the controller and can only
be used by authorized Hitachi Data Systems personnel. The SVP enables the
Hitachi Data Systems representative to configure, maintain, service, and
upgrade the storage system. The SVP also provides the Storage Navigator
functionality, and it collects performance data for the key components of the
USP V/VM to enable diagnostic testing and analysis. The SVP is connected with
a service center for remote maintenance of the storage system.
Note: The SVP does not have access to any user data stored on the Universal
Storage Platform V/VM.
Architecture and Components
2-11
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Power Supplies
Each storage cluster is powered by its own set of redundant power supplies,
and each power supply is able to provide power for the entire system, if
necessary. Because of this redundancy, the Universal Storage Platform V/VM
can sustain the loss of multiple power supplies and still continue to operate. To
make use of this capability, the USP V/VM should be connected either to dual
power sources or to different power panels, so if there is a failure on one of
the power sources, the USP V/VM can continue full operations using power
from the alternate source.
The AC power supplied to the USP V/VM is converted by the AC-DC power
supply to supply 56V/12V DC power to all storage system components. Each
component has its own DC-DC converter to generate the necessary voltage
from the 56V/12V DC power that is supplied.
Batteries
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM uses nickel-hydrogen batteries to provide
backup power for the control and operational components (cache memory,
shared memory, FEDs, BEDs) as well as the hard disk drives. The
configuration of the storage system and the operational conditions determine
the number and type of batteries that are required.
2-12
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Control Panel and Emergency Power-Off Switch
Control Panel
the items on the USP V/VM control panel. To open the control panel cover,
push and release on the point marked PUSH.
Control Panel
FRONT VIEW
SUB-SYSTEM
ENABLE
RESTART
READY
REMOTE
MAINTENANCE
PROCESSING
ALARM
MESSAGE
DISABLE
ON
PS
ENABLE
EMERGENCY
BS-ON
PS-ON
OFF
Figure 2-4
Location of Control Panel on the USP V
FRONT VIEW
Control Panel
SUB-SYSTEM
ENABLE
RESTART
READY
REMOTE
MAINTENANC
ALARM
PROCESSING
MESSAGE
DISABLE
ON
EMERGENCY
ENABLE
PS
BS-ON
PS-ON
OFF
Figure 2-5
Location of Control Panel on the USP VM
Architecture and Components
2-13
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Table 2-4
Control Panel (USP V and USP VM)
Name
Type
Description
SUBSYSTEM
READY
LED
(Green)
When lit, indicates that input/output operation on the channel
interface is possible. Applies to both storage clusters.
SUBSYSTEM
ALARM
LED
(Red)
When lit, indicates that low DC voltage, high DC current, abnormally
high temperature, or a failure has occurred. Applies to both storage
clusters.
SUBSYSTEM
MESSAGE
LED
(Amber)
On: Indicates that a SIM (Message) was generated from either of the
clusters. Applied to both storage clusters.
Blinking: Indicates that the SVP failure has occurred.
SUBSYSTEM
RESTART
Switch
Used to un-fence a fenced drive path and to release the Write Inhibit
command. Applies to both storage clusters.
REMOTE
MAINTENANCE
PROCESSING
LED
(Amber)
When lit, indicates that remote maintenance activity is in process. If
remote maintenance is not in use, this LED is not lit. Applies to both
storage clusters.
REMOTE
MAINTENANCE
ENABLE/DISABLE
Switch
Used for remote maintenance. While executing remote maintenance
(the REMOTE MAINTENANCE PROCESSING LED in item 5 is blinking),
when switching from ENABLE to DISABLE, remote maintenance is
interrupted. If the remote maintenance function is not used, this
switch is ineffective. Applies to both storage clusters.
BS-ON
LED
Indicates input power is available.
(Amber)
PS-ON
LED
(Green)
Indicates that storage system is powered on.
Applies to both storage clusters.
PS SW ENABLE
Switch
Used to enable the PS ON/ PS OFF switch. To be enabling the PS ON/
PS OFF switch, turn the PS SW ENABLE switch to the ENABLE
position.
PS ON / PS OFF
EMERGENCY
Switch
Used to power storage system on/off. This switch is valid when the
PS REMOTE/LOCAL switch is set to LOCAL. Applies to both storage
clusters.
LED
(Red)
This LED shows status of EPO switch on the rear door.
OFF: Indicates that the EPO switch is off.
ON: Indicates that the EPO switch is on.
2-14
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Emergency Power-Off Switch
Figure 2-6 shows the location of the emergency power-off (EPO) switch on the
the location of the EPO switch on the USP VM (next to the control panel on the
primary rack). Use the EPO switch only in case of an emergency.
To power off the USP V/VM storage system in case of an emergency, pull the
EPO switch up and then out towards you, as illustrated on the switch. The EPO
switch must be reset by service personnel before the storage system can be
powered on again.
REAR VIEW
OF
CONTROLLER
FRAME
EMERGENCY
UNIT
EMERGENCY
POWER OFF
Figure 2-6
Location of EPO Switch on the USP V
FRONT VIEW OF
PRIMARY RACK
EMERGENCY
UNIT
EMERGENCY
POWER OFF
Figure 2-7
Location of EPO Switch on the USP VM
Architecture and Components
2-15
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Intermix Configurations
RAID-Level Intermix
RAID technology provides full fault-tolerance capability for the disk drives of
the Universal Storage Platform V/VM. The cache management algorithms
enable the USP V to stage up to one full RAID stripe of data into cache ahead
of the current access to allow subsequent access to be satisfied from cache at
host channel transfer speeds.
The Universal Storage Platform V supports RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-6, and
intermixed RAID-level configurations, including intermixed array groups within
array groups (RAID-5 3D+1P, 7D+1P; RAID-1 2D+2D, 4D+4D; RAID-6
6D+2P) can be intermixed under one BED pair.
RAID group
(2D+2D)
RAID group
(3D+1P)
RAID group
(7D+1P/6D+2P)
00
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
46
46
46
46
47
0
1
2
3
BED
(CL1)
00
00
00
47
47
47
1st, 3rd
5th or 7th
BED Pair
0
1
2
3
BED
(CL2)
00
00
01
01
02
02
03
03
46
46
47
47
0
1
2
3
BED
(CL2)
2nd, 4th
6th or 8th
BED Pair
0
1
2
3
BED
(CL1)
00
00
01
01
02
02
03
03
46
46
47
47
RAID group
(3D+1P)
RAID group
(4D+4D)
RAID group
(4D+4D)
Figure 2-8
Sample RAID Level Intermix
2-16
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Hard Disk Drive Intermix
All hard disk drives (HDDs) in one array group (parity group) must be of the
same capacity and type. Different HDD types can be attached to the same BED
pair. All HDDs under a single BED pair must operate at the same data transfer
rate (200 or 400 MB/sec), so certain restrictions apply. For example, when an
array group consisting of HDDs with 200 MB/sec transfer rate is intermingled
with an array group consisting of HDDs with 400 MB/sec transfer rate, both
array groups operate at 200 MB/sec.
Device Emulation Intermix
Figure 2-9 illustrates an intermix of device emulation types. The Universal
Storage Platform V supports an intermix of all device emulations on the same
BED pair, with the restriction that the devices in each array group have the
same type of track geometry or format.
The Virtual LVI/LUN function enables different logical volume types to coexist.
When Virtual LVI/LUN is not being used, an array group can be configured with
only one device type (for example, 3390-3 or 3390-9, not 3390-3 and 3390-
9). When Virtual LVI/LUN is being used, you can intermix 3390 device types,
and you can intermix OPEN-x device types, but you cannot intermix 3390 and
OPEN device types.
Note: For the latest information on supported LU types and intermix
requirements, please contact your Hitachi Data Systems account team.
USP V
Controller Frame
Array Frame
Array Frame
Array Frame
Array Frame
4th
2nd
BED BED
Pair
3rd
Pair
1st
BED BED
Pair Pair
3390-9
OPEN-3
3390-3
3390-9
OPEN-V
OPEN-V
Figure 2-9
Sample Device Emulation Intermix
Architecture and Components
2-17
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
2-18
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
RAID Implementation
This section provides an overview of the implementation of RAID technology
on the Universal Storage Platform V:
Array Groups and RAID Levels
The array group (also called parity group) is the basic unit of storage capacity
for the USP V. Each array group is attached to both boards of a BED pair over
16 fibre paths, which enables all disk drives in the array group to be accessed
simultaneously by the BED pair. Each array frame has two canister mounts,
and each canister mount can have up to 128 physical disk drives.
The USP V supports the following RAID levels: RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-6, and
RAID1+0 (also known as RAIDA). RAID-0 is not supported on the USP V.
When configured in four-drive RAID-5 parity groups (3D+1P), ¾ of the raw
capacity is available to store user data, and ¼ of the raw capacity is used for
parity data.
(2D+2D) array group consists of two pair of disk drives in a mirrored
configuration, regardless of disk drive capacity. A RAID-1 (4D+4D) group*
combines two RAID-1 (2D+2D) groups. Data is striped to two drives and
mirrored to the other two drives. The stripe consists of two data chunks. The
primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical
disk drives for high performance. Each data chunk consists of either eight
logical tracks (mainframe) or 768 logical blocks (open systems). A failure in a
drive causes the corresponding mirrored drive to take over for the failed drive.
Although the RAID-5 implementation is appropriate for many applications, the
RAID-1 option on the USP V is ideal for workloads with low cache-hit ratios.
*Note for RAID-1(4D+4D): It is recommended that both RAID-1 groups
within a RAID-1 (4D+4D) group be configured under the same BED pair.
3-2
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
RAID-1 using 2D + 2D and 3390-x LDEVs
Track 0
to
Track 0
to
Track 8
to
Track 8
to
Track 7
Track 7
Track 15
Track 15
Track 24
to
Track 16
to
Track 16
to
Track 24
to
Track 31
Track 23
Track 23
Track 31
Track 32
to
Track 32
to
Track 40
to
Track 40
to
Track 39
Track 39
Track 47
Track 47
Track 56
to
Track 48
to
Track 48
to
Track 56
to
Track 63
Track 55
Track 55
Track 63
Figure 3-1
Sample RAID-1 2D + 2D Layout
RAID-5. A RAID-5 array group consists of four (3D+1P) or eight (7D+1P) disk
drives. The data is written across the four (or eight) disk drives in a stripe that
has three (or seven) data chunks and one parity chunk. Each chunk contains
either eight logical tracks (mainframe) or 768 logical blocks (open). The
enhanced RAID-5+ implementation in the USP V minimizes the write penalty
incurred by standard RAID-5 implementations by keeping write data in cache
until an entire stripe can be built and then writing the entire data stripe to the
disk drives. The 7D+1P RAID-5 increases usable capacity and improves
performance.
Figure 3-2 illustrates RAID-5 data stripes mapped over four physical drives.
Data and parity are striped across each of the disk drives in the array group
(hence the term “parity group”). The logical devices (LDEVs) are evenly
dispersed in the array group, so that the performance of each LDEV within the
“Exclusive OR” (EOR) of the data chunks. The parity and data chunks rotate
after each stripe. The total data in each stripe is either 24 logical tracks (eight
tracks per chunk) for mainframe data, or 2304 blocks (768 blocks per chunk)
for open-systems data. Each of these array groups can be configured as either
3390-x or OPEN-x logical devices. All LDEVs in the array group must be the
same format (3390-x or OPEN-x). For open systems, each LDEV is mapped to
a SCSI address, so that it has a TID and logical unit number (LUN).
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-3
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
RAID-5 using 3D + 1P and 3390-x LDEVs
Track 0
to
Track 7
Track 8
to
Track 15
Track 16
to
Track 23
Parity
Tracks
Track 32
to
Track 39
Track 40
to
Track 47
Track 24
to
Track 31
Parity
Tracks
next
8
tracks
next
8
tracks
next
8
tracks
Parity
Tracks
next
8
tracks
next
8
tracks
next
8
tracks
Parity
Tracks
Figure 3-2
Sample RAID-5 3D + 1P Layout (Data Plus Parity Stripe)
RAID-6. A RAID-6 array group consists of eight (6D+2P) disk drives. The data
is written across the eight disk drives in a stripe that has six data chunks and
two parity chunks. Each chunk contains either eight logical tracks (mainframe)
or 768 logical blocks (open).
In the case of RAID-6, data can be assured when up to two drives in an array
group fail. Therefore, RAID-6 is the most reliable of the RAID levels.
Sequential Data Striping
The Universal Storage Platform V’s enhanced RAID-5+ implementation
attempts to keep write data in cache until parity can be generated without
referencing old parity or data. This capability to write entire data stripes, which
is usually achieved only in sequential processing environments, minimizes the
write penalty incurred by standard RAID-5 implementations. The device data
and parity tracks are mapped to specific physical disk drive locations within
each array group. Therefore, each track of an LDEV occupies the same relative
physical location within each array group in the storage system.
In a RAID-6 (dual parity) configuration, data is striped twice across four rows.
RAID-6 uses two parity drives to prevent loss of data in the unlikely event of a
second failure during a rebuild of a previous failure.
3-4
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
LDEV Striping Across Array Groups
In addition to the conventional concatenation of RAID-1 array groups
(4D+4D), the Universal Storage Platform V supports LDEV striping across
multiple RAID-5 array groups for improved LU performance in open-system
environments. The advantages of LDEV striping are:
• Improved performance, especially of an individual LU, due to an increase in
the number of HDDs that constitute an array group.
• Better workload distribution: in the case where the workload of one array
group is higher than another array group, you can distribute the workload
by combining the array groups, thereby reducing the total workload
concentrated on each specific array group.
The supported LDEV striping configurations are:
The maximum number of LDEVs in this configuration is 1000.
The maximum number of LDEVs in this configuration is 2000.
LDEV#B
LDEV#A
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
Array group 1 (7D+1P)
Array group 2 (7D+1P)
LDEV Striping
A-1
B-1
A-2
B-3
A-4
B-2
A-3
B-4
Array group 2 (7D+1P)
Array group 1 (7D+1P)
Figure 3-3
LDEV Striping Across 2 RAID-5 (7D+1P) Array Groups
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-5
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
LDEV#A
LDEV#B
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
Array group 2 (7D+1P)
LDEV#D
Array group 1 (7D+1P)
LDEV#C
C-1
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
C-2
C-3
C-4
Array group 3 (7D+1P)
Array group 4 (7D+1P)
LDEV Striping
A-1
D-2
C-3
B-4
B-1
A-2
D-3
C-4
Array group 1 (7D+1P)
Array group 2 (7D+1P)
C-1
B-2
A-3
D-4
D-1
C-2
B-3
A-4
Array group 3 (7D+1P)
Array group 4 (7D+1P)
Figure 3-4
LDEV Striping Across 4 RAID-5 (7D+1P) Array Groups
All disk drives and device emulation types are supported for LDEV striping.
LDEV striping can be used in combination with all USP V data management
functions.
3-6
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
CU Images, LVIs, and LUs
CU Images
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM is configured with one control unit image
for each 256 devices (one SSID for each 64 or 256 LDEVs) and supports a
maximum of 510 CU images (255 in each logical disk controller, or LDKC).
The USP V/VM supports the following control unit (CU) emulation types:
• 3990-6, 3990-6E
• 2105, 2107
Note: The mainframe data management features of the USP V/VM may have
restrictions on CU image compatibility.
For further information on CU image support, refer to the Mainframe Host
Attachment and Operations Guide (MK-96RD645), or contact your Hitachi Data
Systems account team.
Logical Volume Images
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM supports the 3390 (and 3380*)
mainframe LVI types:
• 3390-3, -3R, -9, -L, and –M
Note: The 3390-3 and 3390-3R LVIs cannot be intermixed in the same
storage system.
• 3380-3, -F, -K
Note: The use of 3380 device emulation is restricted to Fujitsu
environments.
The LVI configuration of the USP V/VM storage system depends on the RAID
implementation and physical disk drive capacities. The LDEVs are accessed
using a combination of logical disk controller number (00-01), CU number
(00-FE), and device number (00-FF). All control unit images can support an
installed LVI range of 00 to FF.
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-7
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Logical Units
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM is configured with OPEN-V LU types. The
OPEN-V LU can vary in size from 48.1 MB to 4 TB. For information on other LU
types (OPEN-3, OPEN-9), contact your Hitachi Data Systems representative.
For maximum flexibility in LU configuration, the USP V provides the Virtual
LVI/LUN (VLL) and LUN Expansion (LUSE) features. Virtual LVI/LUN allows
users to configure multiple LUs under a single LDEV, and LUN Expansion
enables users to concatenate multiple LUs into large volumes. For further
information on Virtual LVI/LUN and LUN Expansion, please refer to the Virtual
LVI/LUN User’s Guide (MK-96RD630) and LUN Expansion User’s Guide
(MK-96RD616).
3-8
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Storage Navigator
The Hitachi Storage Navigator software communicates directly with the the
Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems via a local-area network
(LAN) to obtain storage system configuration and status information and send
user-requested commands to the storage systems. Storage Navigator displays
detailed storage system information and allows users to configure and perform
operations on the Universal Storage Platform V/VM.
Storage Navigator is provided as a Java® applet program that can be executed
on any machine that supports a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A PC hosting the
Storage Navigator software is called a remote console. Each time a remote
console accesses and logs into the SVP of the desired storage system, the
Storage Navigator applet is downloaded from the SVP to the remote console.
Figure 3-5 illustrates remote console and SVP configuration for Storage
Navigator.
For further information on Storage Navigator, refer to the Storage Navigator
User’s Guide (MK-96RD621).
Storage Navigator
Universal Storage Platform V
Private LAN
SVP
Public
LAN
Private LAN
Web Browser
Download
Web Client
Java™ Applet
HTTPD
server
Web Client
Java™ Applet
program is
running.
Data communication
RMI™
Server
Configuration
information
Information acquisition
Web Server (JVM™)
Web Client (JVM™)
Figure 3-5
Storage Navigator and SVP Configuration
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-9
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
System Option Modes, Host Modes, and Host Mode Options
System Option Modes
To provide greater flexibility and enable the Universal Storage Platform V/VM
to be tailored to unique customer operating requirements, additional
operational parameters, or system option modes, are available. At installation,
the modes are set to their default values (specified in below). Be sure to
discuss these settings with your Hitachi Data Systems team. The system
option modes can only be changed by a Hitachi Data Systems representative.
Table 3-1 lists the system option mode information for Universal Storage
between modes 503 and 269 for Storage Navigator operations. Table 3-3
specifies the relationship between modes 503 and 269 for SVP operations.
The system option mode information may change in future microcode
releases. Contact your Hitachi Data Systems representative for the latest
information on the USP V/VM system option modes.
Table 3-1
System Option Modes
Mode
Category
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
20
36
64
80
TrueCopy for z/OS
TrueCopy for z/OS
TrueCopy for z/OS
R-VOL read only function.
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
RCU
MCU
MCU
–
Setting default function (CRIT=Y) option for SVP panel (TCz).
Setting effective range of CGROUP.
ShadowImage for
z/OS
Suppression of ShadowImage (and Business Continuity
Manager) Quick Restore function.
87
93
ShadowImage
ShadowImage Quick Resync by CCI.
OFF
OFF
–
TrueCopy for z/OS
Async
TrueCopy for z/OS Async throttling feature.
MCU
104
114
122
TrueCopy for z/OS
TrueCopy for z/OS
Changing default of CGROUP Freeze option.
Turning TCz Links Around option.
OFF
OFF
OFF
MCU
MCU/RCU
–
ShadowImage for
z/OS
Suppression of ShadowImage for z/OS (and Business
Continuity Manager) Quick Split and Resync function.
161
190
Open
Suppression of high speed micro-program exchange for CHT.
OFF
OFF
–
TrueCopy for z/OS
TCz – Allows you to update the VOLSER and VTOC of the R-VOL
while the pair is suspended if both mode 20 and 190 are ON.
RCU
3-10
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Common
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
269
High-Speed Format for Virtual LVI/LUN (VLL) (available for all
device emulation types).
OFF
–
(1) High-Speed Format support: When redefining all LDEVs in
an array group using VLL Volume Initialize or Make Volume
operation, LDEV format, as the last process, will be performed
in high speed.
(2) Make Volume feature enhancement: The Make Volume
operation (recreating new CVs after deleting all volumes in a
VDEV) is now supported for all device emulation types.
Mode 269 = ON: The High Speed format is available when
performing VLL operations on Storage Navigator (or LDEV
format (SVP Maintenance) for all LDEVs in a array group).
Mode 269 = OFF: Only the low-speed format is available when
performing VLL operations on Storage Navigator (and LDEV
format operations on SVP Maintenance).
Note: If mode 503 is ON, since the format processing is
prevented, the High Speed Format function for VLL operations
(mode 269 ON) is not available. For details on the relationship
between modes 503 and 269, see Table 3-2 and Table 3-3
below.
Note: Mode 269 is effective only when using the SVP to format
the CVS.
278
292
Open
Tru64 (Host Mode 07) and OpenVMS (Host Mode 05)
OFF
OFF
–
Caution: Host offline: Required
TrueCopy for z/OS
Issuing OLS when Switching Port
MCU/RCU
When the mainframe host (FICON) is connected with the CNT-
made FC switch (e.g., FC9000) and is using along with the
TrueCopy for z/OS with Open Fibre connection, the occurrence
of Link Incident Report for the mainframe host from the FC
switch will be deterred when switching the CHT port attribute
(including automatic switching when executing CESTPATH and
CDELPATH in case of mode 114 = ON).
Mode 292 = ON: When switching the port attribute, issue the
OLS (100 ms) first, and then reset the Chip.
Mode 292 = OFF: When switching the port attribute, reset the
Chip without issuing the OLS.
305
313
Mainframe
Open
Pre-labeling: Pre-label is added via SVP as tentative volume
serial name into logical device formatting.
OFF
OFF
–
–
OPEN-V Geometry
For OPEN-V and setting Host Mode Option 16 ON or System
Option Mode 313 ON, the same geometry shared by USP V and
USP/NSC can be responded to the host. When changing Mode
313 or Host Mode Option 16, the connecting server should be
powered off.
Caution: Host offline: Required
316
Open
Auto Negotiation in fixed speed.
OFF
–
If signal synchronizing has been unmatched for 2.6 seconds
during Auto Negotiation, the fixed speed can be set as follows:
Mode 316 = ON: 1 Gbps
Mode 316 = OFF: 2 Gbps
The mode should be set when a fixed speed of Auto Negotiation
is needed though the transfer speed may slow down.
The mode is available for CHT PCB.
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-11
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
346
Open
If an HBA containing HP WWN being connected, the LUN
Security function is operational by setting system option mode
346.
OFF
–
Mode 346 = ON: LUN Security is operational without host mode
setting restriction.
Mode 346 = OFF: LUN Security is operational only when host
mode 03 is set to ON.
Note: For a new storage system, system option mode 346 ON
can be set as the default setting.
Caution: For a storage system in use, you must shut down the
server in order to set mode 346 ON in this HBA configuration:
1. Shut down the server.
2. Set mode 346 to ON.
3. Power on the server.
4. Check whether any problems exist.
448
Universal
Replicator
Mode 448 = ON: (Enabled) If the SVP detects a blocked path,
the SVP assumes that an error occurred and immediately splits
(suspends) the mirror.
OFF
–
Universal
Replicator for z/OS
Mode 448 = OFF: (Disabled) If the SVP detects a blocked path
and the path does not recover within the specified period of
time, the SVP assumes that an error occurred and splits
(suspends) the mirror.
Note: The mode 448 setting takes effect only when mode 449
is set to OFF.
449
454
Universal
Replicator
Detecting and monitoring path blockade between MCU and RCU
of UR/URz.
OFF
OFF
–
–
Universal
Replicator for z/OS
Mode 449 = ON: Detecting and monitoring of path blockade will
NOT be performed.
Mode 449 = OFF: Detecting and monitoring of the path
blockade will be performed.
Virtual Partition
Manager
When making a destage schedule for CLPRs, using the average
workload of all the CLPRs or the highest workload of those of
the CLPRs can be optional.
Mode 454 = ON: The average workload of all the CLPRs is used
to make the destage schedule.
Mode 454 = OFF: The highest workload of those of the CLPRs is
used to make the destage schedule.
Note: The priority of the destage processing for a specific CLPR
in the overloaded status decreases and the overloaded status is
not released so that TOV (MIH) may occur.
459
ShadowImage for
z/OS
When the secondary volume of an SI/SIz pair is an external
volume, the transaction to change the status from SP-PEND to
SPLIT is as follows:
OFF
–
ShadowImage
(1) Mode 459 = ON when creating an SI/SIz pair: The copy
data is created in cache memory. When the write processing on
the external storage completes and the data is fixed, the pair
status will change to SPLIT.
(2) Mode 459 = OFF when creating an SI/SIz pair Once the
copy data has been created in cache memory, the pair status
will change to SPLIT. The external storage data is not fixed
(current spec).
3-12
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
SM SVP
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
460
When turning off PS, the control information of the following
software stored in shared memory will be backed up in SVP.
After that, when performing volatile PS ON, the control
information will be restored into shared memory from SVP.
OFF
–
TrueCopy, TrueCopy for z/OS, ShadowImage, ShadowImage for
z/OS, Volume Migration, FlashCopy, Universal Replicator,
Universal Replicator for z/OS, COW Snapshot
Setting Mode 460 to ON is required to enable the function.
Note: This support only applies to the case of volatile PS ON
after PS OFF. As usual, power outage, offline micro-program
exchange, DCI and System Tuning are not supported.
Note: Since PS-OFF/ON takes up to 25 minutes, when using
power monitoring devices (PCI, etc.), it is required to take
enough time for PS-OFF/ON.
464
466
TrueCopy for z/OS
UR/URz
SIM Report without Inflow Limit
OFF
OFF
MCU
For TrueCopy for z/OS, the SIM report for the volume without
inflow limit is available when mode 464 is set to ON.
SIM: RC=490x-yy (x=CU#, yy=LDEV#)
For UR/URz operations it is strongly recommended that the
path between main and remote storage systems have a
minimum data transfer speed of 100 Mbps. If the data transfer
speed falls to 10 Mbps or lower, UR operations cannot be
properly processed. As a result, many retries occur and UR
pairs may be suspended. Mode 466 is provided to ensure
proper system operation for data transfer speeds of at least 10
Mbps.
–
Mode 466 = ON: Data transfer speeds of 10 Mbps and higher
are supported. The JNL read is performed with 4-multiplexed
read size of 256 KB.
Mode 466 = OFF: For conventional operations. Data transfer
speeds of 100 Mbps and higher are supported. The JNL read is
performed with 32-multiplexed read size of 1 MB by default.
Note: The data transfer speed can be changed using the
Change JNL Group options.
467
SI/SIz, FlashCopy,
COW Snapshot,
Volume Migration,
Universal Volume
Manager
For the following features, the current copy processing slows
down when the percentage of “dirty” data is 60% or higher,
and it stops when the percentage is 75% or higher. Mode 467
is provided to prevent the percentage from exceeding 60%, so
that the host performance is not affected.
ON
–
ShadowImage, ShadowImage for z/OS, FlashCopy, Copy-on-
Write SnapShot, Volume Migration, Universal Volume Manager
Mode 467 = ON: Copy overload prevention. Copy processing
stops when the percentage of “dirty” data reaches 60% or
higher. When the percentage falls below 60%, copy processing
restarts.
Mode 467 = OFF: Normal operation. The copy processing slows
down if the dirty percentage is 60% or larger, and it stops if the
dirty percentage is 75% or larger.
Caution: This mode must always be set to ON when using an
external volume as the secondary volume of any of the above-
mentioned replication products.
Note: It takes longer to finish the copy processing because it
stops for prioritizing the host I/O performance.
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-13
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Common
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
471
SIMs that require action only by the user and not maintenance
personnel are displayed on the Information of SVP and Storage
Navigator and are not reported to maintenance personnel. This
mode is provided for sites where it is required to report all SIMs
to maintenance personnel.
OFF
–
Mode 471 = ON: Report SIMs to maintenance personnel.
Mode 471 = OFF: Not report SIMs to maintenance personnel.
474
Universal
Replicator for z/OS
Reduce UR for z/OS initial copy time for better performance by
using the TC for z/OS initial copy operation.
OFF
MCU/RCU
Mode 474 = ON: For a suspended URz pair, a dedicated script
can be used to create a TC z pair on the same P-VOL and
S-VOL as the URz pair to shorten the initial copy time.
Mode 474 = OFF: For a suspended URz pair, a dedicated script
cannot be used to create a TC for z/OS pair on the same P-VOL
and S-VOL of the UR for z/OS pair to shorten the UR for z/OS
initial copy time.
481
484
OPEN
Display the detail of Identifier Type=1 of Inquiry P83 (for
Windows Vista).
OFF
OFF
–
Mode 481 = ON: Not display the detail of Identifier Type=1 of
Inquiry Page 83.
Mode 481 = OFF: Display the detail of Identifier Type=1 of
Inquiry Page 83.
Note: System option mode 312 must be OFF to use this mode.
TrueCopy for z/OS
Display the information of PPRC path QUERY in FC interface
format. Previously, the PPRC path QUERY information was only
displayed in ESCON interface format even when the path was
FC link. When IBM host functions (e.g., PPRC, GDPS) are being
used, mode 484 can be enabled to display the PPRC path
QUERY information in FC interface format.
MCU/RCU
Mode 484 = ON: Display information of PPRC path QUERY in FC
interface format.
Mode 484 = OFF: Display information of PPRC path QUERY in
ESCON interface format.
491
ShadowImage
Improve the performance of ShadowImage, ShadowImage for
z/OS, and FlashCopy version 1.
OFF
–
ShadowImage for
z/OS
Mode 491 = ON: The option (Reserve 05) of SI/SIz is available.
When this option is set to ON, copy operations (SI, SIz, FCv1)
are increased from 64 processes to 128 processes for improved
performance.
FlashCopy V1
Mode 491 = OFF: The option (Reserve 05) of SI/SIz is not
available. The copy operations (SI, SIz, FCv1) are performed
with 64 processes.
Notes:
ƒ
Mode 491 requires at least three BED features. If there are
less than three BED features, mode 491 is not effective.
ƒ
Enable mode 491 when the performance of ShadowImage,
ShadowImage for z/OS, and/or is considered to be
important.
ƒ
ƒ
Do not enable mode 491 when host I/O performance is
considered to be important.
When mode 491 is ON, set mode 467 to OFF. If mode 467 is
ON, the performance may not improve.
3-14
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Mainframe
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
493
The CUIR function requires that the SA_ID reported to the host
is unique. The SA_ID value cannot be changed during online
operations. To change the SA_ID value from normal to unique,
set mode 493 to ON and then perform a power cycle*. Setting
mode 493 to ON without performing a power cycle does not
enable the function.
OFF
–
*Power cycle includes PS-OFF/ON (volatile/non-volatile), start-
up after breaker OFF/ON, or offline micro-program exchange.
Mode 493 = ON: When mode 493 is ON and a power cycle is
performed, a unique SA_ID value for each port is reported to
the host.
Mode 493 = OFF: When mode 493 is OFF and a power cycle is
performed, and 2107 port is not set, normal SA_ID values are
reported to the host. When 2107 emulation is set, the SA_ID
value of mainframe PCB port remains unique even after setting
mode 493 to OFF and then performing a power cycle.
Caution: Power cycle is required.
494
Mainframe
Enables CUIR processing when replacing a FICON PCB.
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-15
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Common
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
503
For the Install CV, Make Volume, and Volume Initialize
functions of Virtual LVI/LUN, after LDEVs are installed, LDEV
format is suppressed, and a blocked LDEV is created.
OFF
–
Also, VLL operations and the UVM Add LU and Delete LU
operations are available even when an LDEV is blocked or being
formatted.
Mode 503 = ON: VLL operations with LDEV format suppressed
are available, and VLL operations can be performed when an
LDEV is blocked.
Mode 503 = OFF: After LDEV installation using VLL, LDEV
format is performed, and VLL operations cannot be performed
when an LDEV is blocked.
Notes:
ƒ
When mode 503 is ON, LDEV format processing is
prevented, so the High Speed Format function for VLL
operations (mode 269) is not available.
For details about the relationship between mode 503 and
ƒ
When a PDEV is blocked or a correction copy is in progress,
VLL operations cannot be performed.
505
530
VPM
Speed up changing CLPR cache assignment, and reduce the
processing time to a maximum of one minute per 1 GB.
OFF
OFF
–
Mode 505 = ON: Speed up changing CLPR cache assignment
(max 1 minute per 1 GB).
Mode 505 = OFF: Speed of changing CLPR cache assignment is
normal (max 5 minutes per 1 GB).
Universal
Replicator for z/OS
When a UR for z/OS pair is in the duplex state, this option
switches the display of Consistency Time (C/T) between the
values at JNL restore completion and at JNL copy completion.
RCU
Mode 530 = ON: C/T displays the value of when JNL copy is
completed.
Mode 530 = OFF: C/T displays the value of when JNL restore is
completed.
Note: At the time of Purge suspend or RCU failure suspend, the
C/T of UR for z/OS displayed by Business Continuity Manager or
Storage Navigator may show earlier time than the time shown
when the pair was in the duplex state.
531
545
OPEN and
mainframe
When PIN data is generated, the SIM currently stored in SVP is
reported to the host.
OFF
OFF
MCU/RCU
Mode 531 = ON: The SIM for PIN data generation is stored in
SVP and reported to the host.
Mode 531 = OFF: The SIM for PIN data generation is stored in
SVP only, not reported to the host, the same as the current
specification.
Mainframe
When creating the record #0 field, this option is used to allow
the record #0 format with the WRFTK (x95) command in the
case the CCHH of Count part transferred from the host differs
from the CCHH of the currently accessed track address.
MCU
Mode 545 = ON: The record #0 format is allowed.
Mode 545 = OFF: The record #0 format is not allowed.
Note: Use this mode when CU type 2107 is used, or INVALID
TRACK FORMAT ERROR occurs on VM MINIDISK.
3-16
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Audit Log
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
676
Store an audit log on the system disk as specified by the user.
Mode 676 = ON: Store an audit log onto the system disk.
OFF
–
Mode 676 = OFF: Do not store an audit log onto the system
disk.
677
OPEN and
mainframe
This option is used not to perform SM backup for saving battery
consumption after planned PS Off.
Mode 677 = ON: Mode 677 is available only when Mode 460 is
ON.
When planned PS Off ends normally and the SM information is
successfully saved in SVP, the following operations are
performed according to the model:
ƒ
ƒ
USP V, USP VM model: Battery is not used for SM backup.
NSC model: BASE PCB is powered off.
Mode 677 = OFF: Although planned PS Off ends normally,
battery is used for SM backup.
Note:
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-17
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Universal
Replicator and
Universal
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
690
This option is used to prevent Read JNL or JNL Restore when
the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60% as follows:
OFF
RCU
ƒ
When CLPR of JNL-Volume exceeds 60%, Read JNL is
prevented.
Replicator for z/OS
ƒ
When CLPR of Data (secondary)-Volume exceeds 60%, JNL
Restore is prevented.
Mode 690 = ON: Read JNL or JNL Restore is prevented when
the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60%.
Mode 690 = OFF: Read JNL or JNL Restore is not prevented
when the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60% (the same
as before).
Notes:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
This mode can be set online.
This mode should be set per customer’s requests.
If the Write Pending status long keeps 60% or more on RCU,
it takes extra time for the initial copy to be completed by
making up for the prevented copy operation.
ƒ
If the Write Pending status long keeps 60% or more on RCU,
the pair status may become Suspend due to the JNL-Vol
being full.
697
TrueCopy Async,
TrueCopy for z/OS
Async,
This option prevents the SI Split command execution when the
coordinated TCA pair status is Suspend, and its Consistency
state is not guaranteed.
OFF
MCU/RCU
ShadowImage,
ShadowImage for
z/OS
Mode 697 = ON: SI Split is not executed when the coordinated
TCA pair status is Suspend, and its Consistency state is not
guaranteed.
Mode 697 = OFF: SI Split is executed regardless of the pair
status or Consistency state of the coordinated TCA.
Note: This option should be applied only to prevent SI Split
when the following conditions 1 and 2, or 1 and 3 are met.
1. TCA S-VOL and SI P-VOL coexist (for either mainframe or
open).
2. The TCA that is coordinated with SI has not been in
Suspend.
3. The TCA that is coordinated with SI is in Suspend, and its
Consistency is not in the latest state.
701
Universal Volume
Manager
This option is used to issue the Read command at the LU
discovery operation using UVM.
OFF
–
Mode 701 = ON: The Read command is issued at the LU
discovery operation.
Mode 701 = OFF: The Read command is not issued at the LU
discovery operation.
Notes:
ƒ
When the Open LDEV Guard attribute (VMA) is defined on an
external device, set the system option to ON.
ƒ
When this option is set to ON, it takes longer time to
complete the LU discovery. The amount of time depends on
external storages.
ƒ
With this system option OFF, if searching for external
devices with VMA set, the VMA information cannot be read.
3-18
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mode
Category
Function
Default
MCU/RCU
704
OPEN and
mainframe
To reduce the chance of MIH, this option can reduce the priority
of SI, VM, CoW Shapshot, Flash Copy or Resync copy internal
IO requests so that host IO has a higher priority. This mode
creates new work queues where these jobs can be assigned
with a lower priority.
Mode 704 = ON: Copy processing requested is registered into a
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-19
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Table 3-2
Modes 503 and 269: Storage Navigator Operations
Mode 269
Mode 503
Operation
Target of Operation
ON
OFF
ON
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Format
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
PG is specified
No format
No format
No operation
Low speed
Low speed
High speed
Low speed
No operation
Low speed
Low speed
No format
No format
No operation
Low speed
Low speed
Low speed
Low speed
No operation
Low speed
Low speed
Format
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
PG is specified
Format
OFF
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Format
Format
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
Format
Table 3-3
Modes 503 and 269: SVP Operations
Mode 269
Mode 503
Operation
Target of Operation
ON
OFF
ON
PDEV Addition
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Format
-
High speed
No format
No format
High speed
High speed
Low speed
High speed
High speed
Low speed
High speed
High speed
Low speed
High speed
No format
No format
High speed
Low speed
Low speed
High speed
Low speed
Low speed
High speed
Low speed
Low speed
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
PG is specified
Format
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
-
Format
OFF
PDEV Addition
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)
Format
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
PG is specified
Format
All LDEVs in a PG
Some LDEVs in a PG
Format
3-20
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Host Modes and Host Mode Options
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM supports connection of multiple server
hosts of different platforms to each of its ports. When your system is
configured, the hosts connected to each port are grouped by host group or by
target. For example, if Solaris and Windows hosts are connected to a fibre
port, a host group is created for the Solaris hosts, another host group is
created for the Windows hosts, and the appropriate host mode and host mode
options are assigned to each host group. The host modes and host mode
options provide enhanced compatibility with supported platforms and
environments.
The host groups, host modes, and host mode options are configured using the
LUN Manager software on Storage Navigator. For further information on host
groups, host modes, and host mode options, refer to the LUN Manager User’s
Guide (MK-96RD615).
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-21
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mainframe Operations
Mainframe Compatibility and Functionality
In addition to full System-Managed Storage (SMS) compatibility, the Universal
Storage Platform V and VM provide the following functionalities and support in
the mainframe environment:
• Sequential data striping
• Cache fast write (CFW) and DASD fast write (DFW)
• Enhanced dynamic cache management
• Extended count key data (ECKD) commands
• Multiple Allegiance
• Concurrent Copy (CC)
• Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC)
• FlashCopy
• Parallel Access Volume (PAV)
• Enhanced CCW
• Priority I/O queuing
• Red Hat Linux for IBM S/390® and zSeries®
Mainframe Operating System Support
Table 3-4 lists the mainframe operating systems currently supported by the
Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems. Please contact your
Hitachi Data Systems account team for the latest information on mainframe
operating system support.
Table 3-4
Mainframe Operating System Support
Vendor
Operating System(s)
Document
IBM
OS/390
Mainframe Host Attachment and
Operations Guide, MK-96RD645
MVS/ESA, MVS/XA
VM/ESA, VSE/ESA
z/OS, z/OS.e, z/VM, z/VSE
Linux for IBM S/390 and zSeries
MSP
Red Hat
Fujitsu
3-22
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Mainframe Configuration
After physical installation of the Universal Storage Platform V or VM storage
system has been completed, the user configures the storage system for
mainframe operations with assistance as needed from the Hitachi Data
Systems representative.
Please refer to the following user documents for information and instructions
on configuring your USP V/VM storage system for mainframe operations:
• The Mainframe Host Attachment and Operations Guide (MK-96RD645)
describes and provides instructions for configuring the USP V/VM for
mainframe operations, including FICON and ESCON attachment, hardware
definition, cache operations, and device operations.
For detailed information on FICON connectivity, FICON/Open intermix
configurations, and supported HBAs, switches, and directors for the USP V
and VM, please contact your Hitachi Data Systems account team.
• The Storage Navigator User’s Guide (MK-96RD621) provides instructions
for installing, configuring, and using Storage Navigator to perform resource
and data management operations on the USP V/VM storage system(s).
• The Virtual LVI/LUN and Volume Shredder User’s Guide (MK-96RD630)
provides instructions for converting single volumes (LVIs) into multiple
smaller volumes to improve data access performance.
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-23
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Open-Systems Operations
Open-Systems Compatibility and Functionality
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM supports and offers many features and
functions for the open-systems environment, including:
• Multi-initiator I/O configurations in which multiple host systems are
attached to the same fibre-channel interface
• Fibre-channel arbitrated-loop (FC-AL) and fabric topologies
• Command tag queuing
• Industry-standard failover and logical volume management software
• SNMP remote storage system management
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM’s global cache enables any fibre-channel
port to have access to any LU in the storage system. In the USP V/VM, each
LU can be assigned to multiple fibre-channel ports to provide I/O path failover
and/or load balancing (with the appropriate middleware support, such as
HGLAM) without sacrificing cache coherency.
The user should plan for path failover (alternate pathing) to ensure the highest
data availability. The LUs can be mapped for access from multiple ports and/or
multiple target IDs. The number of connected hosts is limited only by the
number of FC ports installed and the requirement for alternate pathing within
each host. If possible, the primary path and alternate path(s) should be
attached to different channel cards.
3-24
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Open-Systems Host Platform Support
and the corresponding Configuration Guide for each host platform. The
Configuration Guides provide information and instructions on configuring the
USP V/VM disk devices for open-systems operations.
Table 3-5
Open-Systems Platforms and Configuration Guides
Platform
Configuration Guide
UNIX-Based Platforms
IBM AIX *
MK-96RD636
MK-96RD638
MK-96RD632
MK-96RD651
MK-96RD654
MK-96RD653
HP-UX®
Sun Solaris
SGI IRIX
HP Tru64 UNIX
HP OpenVMS
PC Server Platforms
Windows
MK-96RD639
MK-96RD652
Novell NetWare
Linux Platforms
Red Hat Linux
SuSE Linux
MK-96RD640
MK-96RD650
MK-96RD649
VMware
*Note: The AIX ODM updates are included on the Product Documentation
Library (PDL) CDs that come with the Hitachi USP V and VM.
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-25
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Open-Systems Configuration
After physical installation of the Universal Storage Platform V/VM has been
completed, the user configures the storage system for open-systems
operations with assistance as needed from the Hitachi Data Systems
representative.
Please refer to the following user documents for information and instructions
on configuring your USP V/VM storage system for open-systems operations:
provide information and instructions on configuring the USP V/VM storage
system and disk devices for attachment to the open-systems hosts.
Note: The queue depth and other parameters may need to be adjusted for
the USP V/VM devices. Refer to the appropriate Configuration Guide for
queue depth and other requirements.
• The Storage Navigator User’s Guide (MK-96RD621) provides instructions
for installing, configuring, and using Storage Navigator to perform resource
and data management operations on the USP V/VM storage system(s).
• The Hitachi LUN Manager User’s Guide (MK-96RD645) describes and
provides instructions for configuring the USP V/VM for host operations,
including FC port configuration, LUN mapping, host groups, host modes
and host mode options, and LUN Security.
Each fibre-channel port on the USP V/VM provides addressing capabilities
for up to 2,048 LUNs across as many as 255 host groups, each with its own
LUN 0, host mode, and host mode options. Multiple host groups are
supported using LUN Security.
• The Hitachi SNMP Agent User and Reference Guide (MK-96RD620)
describes the SNMP API interface for the USP V/VM storage systems and
provides instructions for configuring and performing SNMP operations.
• The Virtual LVI/LUN and Volume Shredder User’s Guide (MK-96RD630)
provides instructions for configuring multiple custom volumes (LUs) under
single LDEVs on the USP V/VM storage system.
• The LUN Expansion User’s Guide (MK-96RD616) provides instructions for
configuring size-expanded LUs on the USP V/VM storage system by
concatenating multiple LUs to form individual large LUs.
3-26
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Battery Backup Operations
Figure 3-6 illustrates the two types of backup operations: backup mode and
destage mode.
Backup Mode (USP V and VM)
When backup mode is chosen and a power failure occurs, storage system
operations will continue normally for 200 milliseconds. If the power failure
exceeds 200 ms, the storage system uses power from the batteries to back
up the cache memory and shared memory for 36 hours or 48 hours,
depending on the amount of cache memory.
Destage Mode (USP V only)
When destage mode is chosen and a power failure occurs, storage system
operations will continue normally for 1 minute. If the power failure exceeds
1 minute, the storage system uses power from the batteries to destage the
data from cache memory onto the disk drives and back up the cache
memory and shared memory for 18 hours or 24 hours, depending on the
amount of cache memory.
Destage mode requires the 56V battery option (DKC-F610I-ABX).
Note: Destage mode is not supported in the following cases:
– When external storage is connected
– When Cache Residency Manager BIND mode is applied.
Battery Charge
If the battery is not fully charged when a power failure occurs, the backup
processes are affected as follows:
– Backup mode: The backup time becomes short (less than 36/48 hours).
– Destage mode: The destage process may not be possible until the
battery charging is complete, and the backup time may also become
short (less than 18/24 hours).
Functional and Operational Characteristics
3-27
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
AC Input Power Failure Occurs
Detection of Power Failure
Universal Storage Platform V:
48 hours: CM up to 128 GB
Universal Storage Platform VM:
36 hours
36 hours: CM 132 GB to 256 GB
200 ms
Backup Mode
USP V/VM
Power Failure
Ç*1
Storage
System
Operating
CM and SM are backed up by battery.
24 hours (CM up to 128 GB)
18 hours (CM 132 GB to 256 GB)
1 minute
8 minutes
5 minutes
Destage Mode
USP V only
(battery option
required)
Ç*2
Power Failure
Storage
System
Data destage process
CM and SM are backed up by battery.
Operating
Power off process
Notes:
4. When power is recovered after a failure while backup power is being supplied by battery, the storage system
operates depending on the status of the Auto-Power-On JP on the Operator panel:
ENABLE: The storage system is powered on automatically.
DISABLE: The storage system is powered on by operating the Power ON/OFF switch or the PCI.
5. When power is recovered after a failure during the destage process, the destage and power-off processes are
executed.
Figure 3-6
Battery Backup Processes for Power Failure
3-28
Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
General Troubleshooting
The Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems are not
expected to fail in any way that would prevent access to user data. The READY
LED on the control panel must be ON when the storage system is operating
online.
for resolving each condition. If you are unable to resolve an error condition,
contact your Hitachi Data Systems representative, or call the Hitachi Data
Systems Support Center for assistance.
Table 4-1
Troubleshooting
Error Condition
Recommended Action
Error message
displayed.
Determine the type of error (refer to the SIM codes section. If possible,
remove the cause of the error. If you cannot correct the error condition, call
the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.
General power failure. Call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.
WARNING: Do not open the Universal Storage Platform V control frame or
touch any of the controls.
Fence message is
displayed on the
console.
Determine if there is a failed storage path. If so, toggle the RESTART switch,
and retry the operation. If the fence message is displayed again, call the
Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.
READY LED does not
go on, or there is no
power supplied.
Call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.
WARNING: Do not open the Universal Storage Platform V control frame or
touch any of the controls.
Emergency (fire,
earthquake, flood,
etc.)
Pull the emergency power-off (EPO) switch. You must call the Hitachi Data
Systems Support Center to have the EPO switch reset.
ALARM LED is on.
If there is a temperature problem in the area, power down the storage
system, lower the room temperature to the specified operating range, and
power on the storage system. Call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center
for assistance with power off/on operations. If the area temperature is not the
cause of the alarm, call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for
4-2
Troubleshooting
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Service Information Messages
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM generate service information
messages (SIMs) to identify normal operations (for example, TrueCopy pair
status change) as well as service requirements and errors or failures. For
assistance with SIMs, please call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center.
SIMs can be generated by the front-end and back-end directors and by the
SVP. All SIMs generated by the USP V/VM are stored on the SVP for use by
Hitachi Data Systems personnel, logged in the SYS1.LOGREC dataset of the
mainframe host system, displayed by the Storage Navigator software, and
reported over SNMP to the open-system host. The SIM display on Storage
Navigator enables users to remotely view the SIMs reported by the attached
storage systems. Each time a SIM is generated, the amber Message LED on
the control panel turns on. The Hi-Track remote maintenance tool also reports
all SIMs to the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center.
SIMs are classified according to severity: service, moderate, serious, or acute.
The service and moderate SIMs (lowest severity) do not require immediate
attention and are addressed during routine maintenance. The serious and
acute SIMs (highest severity) are reported to the mainframe host(s) once
every eight hours.
Note: If a serious or acute-level SIM is reported, call the Hitachi Data Systems
Support Center immediately to ensure that the problem is being addressed.
Figure 4-1 illustrates a typical 32-byte SIM from the USP V/VM. SIMs are
displayed by reference code (RC) and severity. The six-digit RC, which is
composed of bytes 22, 23, and 13, identifies the possible error and determines
the severity. The SIM type, located in byte 28, indicates which component
experienced the error.
Byte
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
SIM SSB
00 90 10 00 00 00 8F E0 44 10 00 04 00 80 04 0C 69 00 00 00 00 02 30 70 05 10 42 C0 F1 00 02 00
SSB13
SSB22, 23
SIM type
F1: DKC SIM
F2: CACHE SIM
Indicates SIM.
RC = 307080
FE: DEVICE SIM
FF: MEDIA SIM
Figure 4-1
Typical SIM Showing Reference Code and SIM Type
Troubleshooting
4-3
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Calling the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center
If you need to call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center, make sure to
provide as much information about the problem as possible, including:
• The circumstances surrounding the error or failure
• The exact content of any error messages displayed on the host system(s)
• The error code(s) displayed on the Storage Navigator
• The service information messages (SIMs) displayed on the Storage
Navigator and the reference codes and severity levels of the recent SIMs
The Hitachi Data Systems customer support staff is available 24 hours/day,
seven days a week. If you need technical support, please call:
• United States: (800) 446-0744
• Outside the United States: (858) 547-4526
4-4
Troubleshooting
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
A
Units and Unit Conversions
Table A-1 provides conversions for standard (U.S.) and metric units of
measure associated with the Universal Storage Platform V/VM storage
systems.
Table A-1
Conversions for Standard (U.S.) and Metric Units of Measure
From
Multiply By:
To Get:
Kilocalories (kcal)
British thermal units (BTU)
British thermal units (BTU)
Inches (in)
0.251996
0.000293018
2.54000508
0.3048006096
0.09290341
0.028317016
0.4535924277
3.96832
Kilowatts (kW)
Centimeters (cm)
Meters (m)
Feet (ft)
Square feet (ft2)
Square meters (m2)
Cubic meters per minute (m3/min)
Kilogram (kg)
Cubic feet per minute (ft3/min)
Pound (lb)
Kilocalories (kcal)
Kilocalories (kcal)
Kilowatts (kW)
British thermal units (BTU)
Kilowatts (kW)
1.16279 × 10-3
3412.08
British thermal units (BTU)
Kilocalories (kcal)
Inches (in)
Kilowatts (kW)
859.828
Millimeters (mm)
Centimeters (cm)
Meters (m)
0.03937
0.3937
Inches (in)
39.369996
3.280833
Inches (in)
Meters (m)
Feet (ft)
Square meters (m2)
Cubic meters per minute (m3/min)
Kilograms (kg)
10.76387
Square feet (ft2)
Cubic feet per minute (ft3/min)
Pounds (lb)
35.314445
2.2046
Ton (refrigerated)
Degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
12,000
BTUs per hour (BTU/hr)
Degrees Celsius (°C)
First subtract 32, then multiply:
°C = (°F - 32) × 0.555556
Degrees Celsius (°C)
First multiply, then add 32:
Degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
°F = (°C × 1.8) + 32
Degrees Fahrenheit per hour (°F/hour) 0.555555
Degrees Celsius per hour (°C/hour) 1.8
Degrees Celsius per hour (°C/hour)
Degrees Fahrenheit per hour (°F/hour)
Units and Unit Conversions
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
A-1
A-2
Units and Unit Conversions
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
ampere
ACP
ASTM
ATA
AVE
array control processor (another name for back-end director)
American Society for Testing and Materials
Advanced Technology Attachment standard
average
BC
BED
BS
BSA
BTU
business continuity
back-end director
basic (power) supply
bus adapter
British thermal unit
°C
degrees Celsius
ca
CC
cache
Concurrent Copy
CCI
CD
Command Control Interface
compact disk
CEC
CFW
CH
Canadian Electroacoustic Community
cache fast write
channel
CHA
CHIP
CHL
CHP
CHPID
CIFS
CKD
CL
channel adapter
client-host interface processor (another name for front-end director)
channel
channel processor (MPs on the FED features) or channel path
channel path identifier
common internet file system
count key data
cluster
CLI
command line interface
cache logical partition
cache memory adapter
central processing unit
Canadian Standards Association
cache switch, cache switch card
control unit
CLPR
CMA
CPU
CSA
CSW
CU
CV
custom volume
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms-1
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
CVS
Custom Volume Size (another name for Virtual LVI/LUN)
DASD
dB(A)
DFDSS
DFSMS
DFW
DKA
DKC
DKP
DKU
direct access storage device
decibel (A-weighted)
Data Facility Dataset Services
Data Facility System Managed Storage
DASD fast write
disk adapter
disk controller (DKC610 = USP V, DKC615 = USP VM)
disk processor (microprocessors on the BED features)
disk unit
DLM
DNS
data lifecycle management
domain name system
dr
DRAM
drive
dynamic random access memory
DSF
DTDS+
Device Support Facilities
Disaster Tolerant Storage System Plus
ECKD
EOF
EMI
Extended Count Key Data
end of field
electromagnetic interference
EPO
EREP
emergency power-off
Error Reporting
ESA
ESCON
ESS
Enterprise Systems Architecture
Enterprise System Connection (IBM trademark for optical channels)
Enterprise Storage Server®
Extended Serial Adapter
ExSA
FAL
FBA
FC
File Access Library (part of the Cross-OS File Exchange software)
fixed-block architecture
fibre-channel
FC-AL
FCC
FCP
FCU
FDR
FED
FICON
F/M
FWD
FX
fibre-channel arbitrated loop
Federal Communications Commission
fibre-channel protocol
File Conversion Utility (part of the Cross-OS File Exchange software)
Fast Dump/Restore
front-end director
Fiber Connection
format/message
fast wide differential
Hitachi Cross-OS File Exchange
g
Gb
GB
acceleration of gravity (9.8 m/s2) (unit used for vibration and shock)
gigabit
Gbps, Gb/s gigabit per second
GLM
GLPR
GUI
gigabyte link module
global logical partition
graphical user interface
HACMP
HBA
HCD
High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing
host bus adapter
hardware configuration definition
HDLM
HiCommand Dynamic Link Manager
Acronyms-2
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
HDS
HDU
Hitachi Data Systems
hard disk unit
HGLAM
Hi-Star
HSN
HiCommand Global Link Availability Manager
Hierarchical Star Network
Hierarchical Star Network
high-water mark
HWM
Hz
Hertz
ICKDSF
IDCAMS
IML
A DSF command used to perform media maintenance
access method services (a component of Data Facility Product)
initial microprogram load
in.
inch(es)
IO, I/O
IOCP
input/output (operation or device)
input/output configuration program
JCL
job control language
KB
kcal
kg
km
kVA
kW
kilocalorie
kilogram
kilometer
kilovolt-ampere
kilowatt
LAN
lb
LD
local area network
pound
logical device
LDEV
LED
LPAR
LCP
LRU
LU
LUN
LVI
LVM
logical device
light-emitting diode
logical partition
link control processor, local control port
least recently used
logical unit
logical unit number, logical unit
logical volume image
logical volume manager, Logical Volume Manager
long wavelength
LW
m
meter
MB
missing interrupt handler
millimeter
MIH
mm
MP
microprocessor
MPLF
MR
Multi-Path Locking Facility
magnetoresistive
ms, msec
MVS
NBU
NEC
NFS
NIS
millisecond
Multiple Virtual Storage (including MVS/ESA, MVS/XA)
NetBackup (a VERITAS software product)
National Electrical Code
network file system
network information service
network time protocol
NTP
NVS
nonvolatile storage
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Acronyms-3
ODM
OEM
OFC
ORM
OS
Object Data Manager
original equipment manufacturer
open fibre control
online read margin
operating system
PAV
PB
PC
Parallel Access Volume
personal computer system
PCI
power control interface
PPRC/dynamic address switching (IBM mainframe software function)
physical device
Product Documentation Library
parity group
P/DAS
PDEV
PDL
PG
PPRC
PS
Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (an IBM mainframe host software function)
power supply
RAB
RAID
RAM
RC
RAID Advisory Board
redundant array of independent disks
random-access memory
reference code
RISC
reduced instruction-set computer
R/W
read/write
S/390
SAN
SATA
SCSI
SCP
sec.
seq.
SFP
IBM System/390 architecture
storage-area network
serial Advanced Technology Attachment standard
small computer system interface
state-change pending
second
sequential
small form-factor pluggable
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
SGI
SI
SIM
SIz
SLPR
SMA
SMS
SNMP
SSID
SVP
SW
ShadowImage
service information message
ShadowImage for z/OS
storage logical partition
shared memory adapter
System Managed Storage
simple network management protocol
storage system identification
service processor
switch, short wavelength
TB
T&B
TC
Thomas & Betts
TrueCopy
TCz
TID
TPF
TSO
TrueCopy for z/OS
target ID
Transaction Processing Facility
Time Sharing Option (an IBM mainframe operating system option)
UCB
unit control block
Acronyms-4
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
UIM
unit information module
UL
μm
Underwriters’ Laboratories
micron, micrometer
USP V
USP VM
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform VM
VA
VAC
volt-ampere
volts AC
VCS
VERITAS Cluster Server
Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker
virtual device
VDE
VDEV
VM
Virtual Machine (an IBM mainframe system control program)
VOLID
volser
VSE
volume ID
volume serial number
Virtual Storage Extension (an IBM mainframe operating system)
volume table of contents
VTOC
W
watt
WLM
Workload Manager (an IBM mainframe host software function)
XA
System/370 Extended Architecture
XDF
XRC
Extended Distance Feature (for ExSA channels)
Extended Remote Copy (an IBM mainframe host software function)
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms-5
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Acronyms-6
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Index
A
alternate pathing
scheme, 2-4
arbitrated-loop topology, 2-9
array
F
fixed-block-architecture, 2-11
H
domain, 2-10
group, 3-2
hdd storage capacities, 2-11
Hierarchical Star Network, 2-3
B
I
back-end director, 2-9
intermix
virtual lvi/lun, 2-17
C
cache
J
global, 3-24
Java applet, 3-9
memory battery backup, 2-6
switch cards, 2-3
canister mount, 3-2
commands
cache fast write, 2-6
write inhibit, 2-14
conversion
fba to ckd, 2-7
copy functions
dasd on raid, 1-12
L
LDEV mapping
scsi address, 3-3
LU types, 3-8
M
mainframe
lvi supported types, 3-7
multiple LUs
concatenate, 3-8
D
data
P
sequential striping, 3-4
striping, 3-2
parity
data, 3-2
groups, 3-2
paths
data and command, 2-3
power supply, 2-12
data transmission rates
ficon, 2-7
DKA pair
buffers, 2-9
device emulation, 2-17
dynamic path switching, 2-7
R
RAID-5 array group, 3-3
RAID-6 array group, 3-4
Red Hat Linux, 3-22
E
error conditions, 4-2
extended count key data, 3-22
Index
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Index-1
S
scrubbing
background, 2-11
service processor, 2-11
shared memory
nonvolatile, 2-6
single points of failure, 2-4
spare disk drives
max qty, 2-11
storage
clusters, 2-4
U
USP advanced features and functions, 1-8
USP hardware architecture, 2-5
W
write penalty, 3-4
Index-2
Index
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide
Hitachi Data Systems
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