Kodak DOUBLE X AEROGRAPHIC AS 75 User Manual

AS-75  
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405  
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 is a  
panchromatic, negative aerial camera film with good contrast  
for easier interpretation from negatives, high resolution, and  
wide exposure latitude. Its extended red sensitivity permits  
SAFELIGHT  
Total darkness is required.  
EXPOSURE  
greater speed with the filters used for the reduction of  
atmospheric-haze effects.  
Aerial film speeds (ISO A or EAFS) should not be confused  
with conventional film speeds which are designed for roll  
and sheet films used in pictorial photography. The  
The ESTAR Base provides flexibility, moisture  
resistance, high tear resistance, and excellent dimensional  
stability. This film has a thin, highly hardened, and  
abrasion-resistant emulsion that permit high-temperature  
rapid processing in modern continuous-processing  
machines.  
This film can be processed in the KODAK VERSAMAT  
Film Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with KODAK  
VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, KODAK VERSAMAT  
641 Chemicals, or KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals,  
Type A. KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC  
Film 2405 can also be processed at normal temperatures in  
conventional rewind equipment, such as the Gordon/Morse  
M-10 Developing Outfit (Military Designator: B-5) using a  
variety of Kodak black-and-white developers  
characteristics of aerial scenes differ markedly from those of  
ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller  
range in subject luminances, atmospheric haze conditions,  
and other factors. Therefore, different film-speed parameters  
are used to relate aerial-scene characteristics to practical  
exposure recommendations. The KODAK Aerial Exposure  
Computer, KODAK Publication AS-10 has been published  
based on the aerial film speed criterion.  
Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 400  
Other suggested aerial film speeds for processing this film  
in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Models 11 or  
1140, using VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, 641 Chemicals  
and Type A Chemicals can be found in the sensitometric data  
tables.  
APPLICATIONS  
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 is a  
medium- to high-speed film for aerial mapping, charting, and  
general aerial photography.  
Note: The aerial film speeds given in this publication were  
obtained by rounding the calculated values to the nearest  
cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 13 stop).  
Filters  
BASE  
3.9-mil (0.10 mm) ESTAR Base with a dyed-gel backing  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL WRATTEN Gelatin Filter  
No. 3  
No. 8  
No. 12  
No. 15  
No. 25  
TOTAL FILM THICKNESS  
Filter Factor  
1.5  
2
2
2.5  
4
The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of this film is  
4.50 mils (0.114 mm). This includes emulsion—0.40 mil  
(0.010 mm), base—3.9 mils (0.10 mm), and backing—  
0.20 mil (0.005 mm).  
Typical Camera Exposure  
A typical exposure for this film is approximately 1750  
second at f8. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 40  
degrees, a clear day, an aircraft altitude of 5,000 feet, and a  
speed of ISO A 400, using a 2X antivignetting filter.  
WEIGHT  
Reciprocity Characteristics  
The weight of 2405 Film (unprocessed), conditioned in  
equilibrium with 50 percent relative humidity, is 0.035 lbsft2  
(0.0159 kg/ft2).  
No exposure or development time adjustments are required  
for exposure times from 11,000 second to 110 second; at  
110,000 second, increase the development time by 10  
percent.  
SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY  
Panchromatic, with extended red sensitivity.  
©Eastman Kodak Company, 2005  
Replenishment Rates  
Model 11, KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals  
Basic developer and fixer replenishment rates, in millilitres  
per square inch of film processed, vary depending upon the  
type of chemicals used. The following rates apply to  
processing in the VERSAMAT Processor, Models 11 and  
1140.  
85°F (29.5°C)  
1 Developer Rack  
2 Developer Racks  
Machine  
Speed  
(fpm)  
Average  
Gamma  
1.05  
Average  
Gamma  
1.70  
ISO A D-min  
ISO A D-min  
5
320  
160  
80  
0.12  
0.10  
0.13  
0.13  
0.12  
500  
320  
250  
160  
125  
0.21  
0.13  
0.13  
0.15  
0.14  
Basic Replenishment Rates (mL/in2)  
KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals  
10  
15  
20  
25  
0.85  
1.10  
0.65  
0.95  
885  
0.29  
0.45  
641  
0.31  
0.68  
Type A  
0.20  
0.60  
50  
0.85  
Developer  
Fixer  
0.50  
32  
0.80  
0.34  
Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds up  
to and including 10 feet per minute.  
Processing Sequence (All Recommended  
Chemicals)  
Washing: To be determined.  
Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds  
up to and including 12 feet per minute.  
KODAK VERSAMAT Processor, Model 11  
Processing No. of  
Path  
Temperature  
Step  
Racks  
Length  
Model 11, KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A,  
1.2 or 2.4 m  
(4 or 8 ft)  
85 ± 0.5°F  
Develop*  
1 or 2  
90°F (32°C)  
(29.5 ± 0.3°C)  
1 Developer Rack  
2 Developer Racks  
Machine  
Speed  
(fpm)  
3.6 m  
(12 ft)  
Fix  
3
2
85°F (29.5°C), nominal  
Average  
Gamma  
1.20  
Average  
Gamma  
2.15  
ISO A D-min  
ISO A D-min  
2.4 m  
(8 ft)  
2 to 6°F (1 to 3°C) below  
developer temperature  
Wash  
Dry  
5
400  
160  
80  
0.11  
0.09  
0.09  
0.09  
500  
320  
250  
160  
0.13  
0.11  
0.10  
0.10  
2.4 m  
(8 ft)  
10  
15  
20  
1.00  
1.65  
135 to 145°F (57 to 63°C)  
0.85  
1.20  
*Use 90°F (32°C) for KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A.  
0.75  
64  
1.05  
Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds up  
to and including 10 feet per minute.  
Sensitometric Data  
Model 11—KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals  
Washing: To be determined.  
85°F (29.5°C)  
Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds  
up to and including 10 feet per minute.  
1 Developer Rack  
2 Developer Racks  
Machine  
Speed  
(fpm)  
Average  
Gamma  
1.25  
Average  
Gamma  
ISO A D-min  
ISO A D-min  
Processing Sequence (All Recommended  
Chemicals)  
5
500  
250  
160  
100  
64  
0.21  
0.12  
0.11  
0.10  
0.10  
10  
15  
20  
25  
0.90  
1.30  
1.10  
1.00  
0.85  
500  
400  
250  
200  
0.22  
0.16  
0.14  
0.13  
0.80  
KODAK VERSAMAT Processor, Model 1140  
0.70  
Processing No. of  
Path  
Temperature  
Step  
Racks  
Length  
0.65  
1.2 or 2.4 m  
(4 or 8 ft)  
99 or 104 ± 0.5°F  
Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds up  
to and including 20 feet per minute.  
Develop  
1 or 2  
(37 or 40 ± 0.3°C)  
3.6 m  
(12 ft)  
99 or 104°F  
(37 or 40°C), Nominal  
Fix  
3
2
Washing: LE-100 keeping quality is obtained at machine  
speeds up to and including 10 feet per minute with one  
developer rack and up to 5 feet per minute with two  
developer racks. (LE = Life Expectancy)  
2.4 m  
(8 ft)  
2 to 6°F (1 to 3°C) below  
developer temperature  
Wash  
Dry  
2.4 m  
(8 ft)  
Up to 149°F (65°C)  
Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds  
up to and including 20 feet per minute.  
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 AS-75  
3
Sensitometric Data  
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY  
The dimensional stability of aerial films is of particular  
interest and importance in accurate mapping and in the  
reproduction of maps.  
Model 1140 -- KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals  
1 Developer Rack  
2 Developer Racks  
Average  
Gamma  
Machine  
Speed  
(fpm)  
Average  
Dimensional stability is an all-inclusive term. In  
photography, it applies to size changes caused by changes in  
humidity and in temperature, and by processing and aging.  
The absence of solvent in ESTAR Base is one of the reasons  
why ESTAR Base films show excellent dimensional  
stability. The dimensional properties of ESTAR Base may  
vary slightly in different directions within a sheet; the  
differences that may exist, however, are not always between  
the length and width directions.  
ISO A D-min  
ISO A D-min  
Gamma  
99°F (37°C)  
10  
20  
30  
40  
1.50  
0.90  
0.75  
0.65  
500  
320  
200  
125  
0.28  
0.18  
0.13  
0.12  
1.65  
1.10  
0.90  
500  
400  
320  
0.32  
0.25  
0.19  
104°F (40°C)  
10  
20  
30  
40  
1.60  
0.85  
0.80  
0.75  
500  
0.34  
0.20  
0.16  
0.15  
320  
250  
200  
Temporary Dimensional Changes  
1.40  
1.05  
500  
400  
0.34  
0.28  
Thermal Coefficient of Linear Expansion:  
0.001%  
per degree F of change  
per degree C of change  
Model 1140 -- KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals  
0.0018%  
1 Developer Rack  
2 Developer Racks  
Average  
Gamma  
Machine  
Speed  
(fpm)  
Average  
Humidity Coefficient of Linear Expansion (Unprocessed):  
0.002% per 1% change in relative humidity  
ISO A D-min  
ISO A D-min  
Gamma  
99°F (37°C)  
Permanent Dimensional Changes  
10  
20  
30  
40  
1.20  
0.80  
0.70  
0.60  
400  
250  
125  
80  
0.15  
0.11  
0.10  
0.14  
2.20  
1.20  
1.00  
0.85  
500  
400  
320  
250  
0.37  
0.16  
0.13  
0.16  
Processing Dimensional Change:  
-0.03% to +0.01%  
shrinkage to swell  
104°F (40°C)  
Aging Shrinkage of Processed Film:  
1 week at 120°F (49°C), 20% RH  
1 year at 78°F (25.5°C), 60% RH  
10  
20  
30  
40  
1.50  
0.90  
0.70  
0.60  
500  
0.20  
0.12  
0.10  
0.14  
0.03%  
0.03%  
320  
160  
100  
1.55  
1.10  
0.95  
500  
400  
320  
0.24  
0.16  
0.18  
Model 1140 -- KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals,  
Type A  
This is not a primary processing recommendation, although  
satisfactory results can be obtained at processor speeds up to  
10 feet per minute. Refer to the processing conditions and  
sensitometric data for the KODAK VERSAMAT Processor,  
Model 11, above.  
REWIND OR SPIRAL REEL PROCESSING  
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 yields  
optimum results with modern, high-temperature,  
continuous-processing machines. It can be processed in  
rewind equipment or on spiral reels, although these methods  
are not primary processing recommendations. Customers  
wishing to use spiral reels or rewind equipment such as the  
Gordon/Morse M-10 Developing Outfit (Military  
Designator: B-5) may contact Aerial Systems for  
information on exposure, processing chemicals, process  
cycles, and general recommendations.  
4
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 AS-75  
SIZE DATA AND ORDERING  
INFORMATION  
CURVES  
Spectral Sensitivity  
Information on available sizes and minimum order  
quantities of this film is available on the web at  
www.kodak.com/go/aerial. You can also write or call:  
Aerial Imaging  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
Exposure: 1.4 seconds  
Process: Recommended  
Densitometry: Diffuse visual  
D = 0.3 above gross fog  
Eastman Kodak Company  
343 State Street  
Rochester, New York 14650-0505  
(585) 724-4688  
D = 1.0 above gross fog  
Toll-free in the US: (877) 909-4280  
0.0  
Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication  
used with KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film  
2405 are available from those dealers normally supplying  
Kodak products. Other materials may be used, but equivalent  
results may not be obtained.  
1.0  
250  
350  
550  
450  
Wavelength (nm)  
650  
750  
Characteristic Curves  
4.0  
3.0  
Exposure: Daylight 1/100 sec  
Process: KODAK  
V
ERSAMAT 885 Chemicals;  
K
ODAK ERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11;  
V
2 developer racks; 85°F (29.5°  
C)  
Densitometry: Diffuse visual  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
10 fpm  
15 fpm  
20 fpm  
25 fpm  
–3  
–4  
-2  
-1  
0
Log Exposure (lux seconds)  
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405 AS-75  
5
KODAK DOUBLE-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405  
ISO A vs. Gamma  
ISO A vs. Machine Speed  
1200  
1000  
800  
600  
400  
200  
0
1000  
100  
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals,  
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,  
Model 11, 85F (29.5C)  
885 Chemicals  
Type A Chemicals  
Exposure: Daylight 1/100 sec  
Process: KODAK ERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11;  
ODAK ERSAMAT 885 Chemicals;  
ODAK ERSAMAT 641 Chemicals;  
1 and 2 developer racks; 85 F (29.5 C)  
ODAK ERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A;  
1 and 2 developer racks; 90  
V
641 Chemicals  
K
K
V
V
°
°
1 developer rack  
2 developer racks  
K
V
°
°
C)  
F (32  
10  
1
2
0
3
GAMMA  
0
10  
20  
30  
40  
50  
F002_1107AC  
Machine Speed (fpm)  
Gamma vs. Machine Speed  
Modulation Transfer Function  
4
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,  
MODEL 11, 85F (29.5C)  
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals  
200  
100  
1 developer rack  
2 developer racks  
3
2
70  
50  
30  
20  
10  
7
5
1
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals  
KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor,  
2 racks, 85F (29.5C), 10 fpm; Diffuse visual  
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4 5  
10  
20  
50  
100 200  
600  
0
10  
20  
30  
40  
50  
SPATIAL FREQUENCY (cycles/mm)  
F002_1115AC  
Machine Speed (fpm)  
F002_1096AC  
NOTICE: While the sensitometric data in this publication are typical of production coatings, they do not represent  
standards which must be met by Kodak. Varying storage, exposure, and processing conditions will affect results.  
The company reserves the right to change and improve product characteristics at any time.  
Aerial Imaging  
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY ROCHESTER, NY 14650-0505  
KODAK DOUBLE-X  
Kodak, Aerographic, Double-X, Estar, Versamat, and Wratten are trademarks  
Revised 11-05  
AEROGRAPHIC Film 2405  
KODAK Publication No. AS-75  
Printed in U.S.A.  
TI 0912  

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