DIGIUM GATEWAY G100 User Manual

Gateway Series  
G100 / G200  
Administrator Manual  
601-00020  
Rev. A  
Safety Certification and Agency Approvals  
Safety:  
UL 60950-1, 2nd Edition  
CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-07, 2nd Edition  
IEC 60950-1:2005 (2nd Edition) +A1:2009  
EN 60950-1:2006 (2nd Edition) +A11:2009 +A1:2010  
AS/NZS 60950-1 1st Edition  
Other:  
CE Mark (European Union)  
2002/95/EC Restrictions on Hazardous Substances (RoHS), 2005/747/EC  
lead free exemption (Annex C)  
EMC:  
FCC 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart B, Class A  
Industry Canada ICES-003 Issue 4, Class A  
EN 55022:2010, Class A  
EN 55024:2010  
EN 61000-3-2:2006 w/A1 and A2  
EN 61000-3-3:2008  
AS/NZS CISPR 22:2006, Class A  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 3  
FCC Part 15  
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a  
Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits  
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful  
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,  
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in  
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio  
communications. Operation of this device in a residential area is likely to  
cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to  
correct the interference at his own expense.  
Industry Canada  
This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian  
Interference Causing Equipment Regulations. Operation is subject to the  
following two conditions; (1) this device digital apparatus meets all  
requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment  
Regulations. Operation is subject to the following two conditions; (1) this  
device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must  
accept any interference received, including interference that may cause  
undesired operation.  
Cet appareillage numérique de la classe A répond à toutes les exigences  
de l'interférence canadienne causant des règlements d'équipement.  
L'opération est sujette aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) ce dispositif  
peut ne pas causer l'interférence nocive, et (2) ce dispositif doit accepter  
n'importe quelle interférence reçue, y compris l'interférence qui peut  
causer l'opération peu désirée.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 4  
Introduction to Gateway Series Documentation  
This manual contains product information for the Gateway Series  
appliances. Be sure to refer to any supplementary documents or release  
notes that were shipped with your equipment. The manual is organized in  
the following manner:  
Chapter/  
Appendix  
Title  
Description  
Overview  
Identifies the features of your unit.  
1
2
3
4
Unit Installation  
Configuration  
Provides instructions for installing the unit.  
Provides instructions on how to configure the unit.  
Troubleshooting  
Explains resolutions to common problems and  
frequently asked questions pertaining to unit  
installation and usage.  
Pin Assignments  
Specifications  
Describes the states supported by the unit.  
Details unit specifications.  
A
B
C
Glossary and  
Acronyms  
Defines terms related to this product.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 5  
Symbol Definitions  
Caution statements indicate a condition where damage to the unit or  
its configuration could occur if operational procedures are not  
followed. To reduce the risk of damage or injury, follow all steps or  
procedures as instructed.  
The ESD symbol indicates electrostatic sensitive devices. Observe  
precautions for handling devices. Wear a properly grounded  
electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap while handling the device.  
The Electrical Hazard Symbol indicates a possibility of electrical  
shock when operating this unit in certain situations. To reduce the  
risk of damage or injury, follow all steps or procedures as  
instructed.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 6  
Important Safety Instructions  
Servicing.  
Do not attempt to service this unit. There are no user-serviceable  
parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.  
Batteries.  
The batteries in the unit are not user-serviceable. Refer servicing to  
qualified service personnel.  
CAUTION - Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect  
type. Batteries should be disposed of according to the local laws and  
regulations of your region.  
ATTENTION - II y a danger d’explosion s’il y a remplacement  
incorrect de la batterie. Remplacer uniquement avec une batterie du  
même type ou d’un type equivalent recommandé par le  
constructeur.Mettre au rebut les batteries usages conformément aux  
instructions du fabricant.  
Water and Moisture.  
Do not spill liquids on this unit. Do not operate this equipment in a  
wet environment.  
Heat.  
Do not operate or store this product near heat sources such as  
radiators, air ducts, areas subject to direct, intense sunlight, or other  
products that produce heat.  
Caution.  
To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger  
telecommunication wiring for network connections.  
Static Electricity.  
To reduce the risk of damaging the unit or your equipment, do not  
attempt to open the enclosure or gain access to areas where you are  
not instructed to do so. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.  
Save these instructions for future reference.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 7  
Chapter 1  
Echo-Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15  
Chapter 2  
Unit Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22  
Chapter 3  
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39  
Settings and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42  
Logging and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46  
Status and Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47  
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49  
Chapter 4  
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51  
Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54  
Free Installation Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 8  
Table Of Contents  
Appendix A  
Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58  
Appendix B  
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60  
Appendix C  
Glossary and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 9  
List of Figures  
Figure 1:  
Figure 2:  
Figure 3:  
Figure 4:  
Figure 5:  
Figure 6:  
Figure 7:  
Figure 8:  
Figure 9:  
TDM PBX to VoIP Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14  
VoIP PBX to TDM Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14  
G100 Single Port Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19  
G200 Dual Port Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20  
Side-by-side Rack Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28  
Acceptable Wall Mount Orientations . . . . . . . . . . . . .29  
IP Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35  
Login Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40  
Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 10  
List of Tables  
Table 1:  
Gateway Series Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22  
Gigabit Ethernet Port Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58  
RJ45 T1/E1 Port Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59  
Table A-1:  
Table A-2:  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 11  
Chapter 1  
Overview  
Digium's Gateway Series is a converged media gateway product line  
designed to interface between TDM (T1/E1) and IP networks (SIP). The  
Gateway Series connects legacy telephone systems to IP networks and  
seamlessly integrates VoIP PBXs with the PSTN. Powered by innovative  
hardware and software solutions, Digium’s Gateway Series are managed  
by a simple, intuitive web-based interface.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 12  
   
Chapter 1: Overview  
Supported Voice Modes:  
PRI CPE and PRI NET (T1 / E1)  
National ISDN 1 / NI1  
National ISDN 2 / NI2  
EuroISDN  
4ESS (AT&T)  
5ESS (Lucent)  
DMS100  
Q.SIG  
E&M (T1 only)  
Wink  
Feature Group B  
Feature Group D  
FXO and FXS (T1 only)  
Ground Start  
Loop Start  
Loop Start with Disconnect Detect  
SIP  
Example scenarios utilizing the Gateway Series are illustrated in Figure 1  
and Figure 2 on page 14.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 13  
Chapter 1: Overview  
Figure 1: TDM PBX to VoIP Scenario  
Figure 2: VoIP PBX to TDM Scenario  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 14  
   
Chapter 1: Overview  
Echo-Cancellation  
Administrators connecting their Gateway Series appliances to the PSTN  
or other devices are likely to be placing calls that will result, at some  
point, in an unbalanced 4-wire/2-wire hybrid. The result of this hybrid is  
the reflection of a near-end echo to the calling party. Elimination of this  
echo is the responsibility of echo cancellation.  
The Gateway Series appliance utilizes hardware-based voice processors  
for echo cancellation and codec transcoding. Its hardware echo canceller  
is designed to handle up to 128ms of echo cancellation across all channels  
and provides a G.168 compliant echo cancellation solution.  
If not explicitly disabled in the Gateway Series web GUI, the hardware-  
based echo canceller will automatically operate and cancel all network  
echo within its tail range (1024 taps).  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 15  
 
Chapter 2  
Unit Installation  
This chapter provides the following information:  
Unpacking the Unit on page 17  
Shipment Inspection on page 18  
Front Panel Identification on page 19  
Unit Identification on page 22  
Hardware Installation on page 23  
Note: The Gateway Series appliance installation instructions are  
written so that they will apply to any model in the series. Examples  
and model specific information are included as needed.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 16  
   
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Unpacking the Unit  
When you unpack your unit, carefully inspect it for any damage that may  
have occurred in shipment. If damage is suspected, file a claim with the  
carrier and contact the reseller from which the unit was purchased. If the  
unit was purchased direct from Digium, contact Digium Technical  
Support at +1.256.428.6161. Keep the original shipping container to use  
for future shipment or proof of damage during shipment.  
Note: Only qualified service personnel should install the unit. Users  
should not attempt to perform this function themselves. The installer  
must ensure that the equipment is reliably earth grounded in  
accordance with the National Electrical Code.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Shipment Inspection  
The following items are included in shipment of a Gateway Series  
appliance:  
Gateway Series appliance  
Power cord with attached T1/E1 loopback plug  
Mounting brackets (2 each)  
Bracket mounting screws, #8-32 black truss head, Phillips, 3/16”  
length (6 each)  
Side-by-side mounting screws, #6-32 pan head, Phillips, 3/16” length  
(3 each)  
Side-by-side mounting shoulder washers (3 each)  
Rubber feet (4 each)  
Ground nut  
Double-crimp ground ring terminal  
Quickstart Guide  
Note: After inspecting the shipment, Digium requires that the  
appliance be registered for support eligibility. Unregistered appliances  
are not eligible for Digium support. Please refer to Free Installation  
Support on page 57 for additional information on how to obtain  
assistance from Digium Technical Support.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Front Panel Identification  
This section describes the components on the front panel of the Gateway  
Series models.  
USB  
Recovery  
T1/E1  
Gigabit  
Ethernet  
Status  
Device  
Status  
Ethernet  
Status  
T1/E1  
Port  
Figure 3: G100 Single Port Appliance  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
USB  
Recovery  
T1/E1  
Status  
Gigabit  
Ethernet  
Device  
Status  
Ethernet  
Status  
Port  
Figure 4: G200 Dual Port Appliance  
Device Status - This LED corresponds to the status of the Gateway  
Series appliance. See Frequently Asked Questions on page 54 for  
more information.  
Gigabit Ethernet - This 10/100/1000BaseT Ethernet port provides  
the ability to connect to an internal or external network using an RJ45  
interface and supports Auto-MDIX. It is used to pass Ethernet pack-  
etized voice and web management data between the Gateway Series  
and the network. See Gigabit Ethernet Port Pinouts on page 58 for  
more information.  
Ethernet Status - These LEDs correspond to the status of the Ethernet  
connection. See Frequently Asked Questions on page 54 for more  
information.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
USB Recovery - This port can be used to perform a firmware recovery  
and configuration reset. See Firmware Recovery and Configuration  
Reset on page 52 for more information.  
Warning! The USB Recovery port provides a limited amount of  
current which is sufficient only to power a USB flash drive. Do not  
connect any other type of device to this port. The USB flash drive  
should be fully USB 2.0 compliant.  
T1/E1 Port(s) - These ports are used for connecting T1 or E1 cables.  
See RJ45 T1/E1 Port Connector on page 59 for more information.  
T1/E1 Status - These LEDs correspond to the status of the T1/E1  
ports. See Frequently Asked Questions on page 54 for more infor-  
mation.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 21  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Unit Identification  
The defining characteristic of the Gateway Series models are the number  
of ports supported. See Table 1 for a list of the various models.  
Table 1: Gateway Series Models  
Model  
Type  
Ports  
G100  
G200  
T1/E1  
T1/E1  
1
2
Digium, Inc.  
Page 22  
   
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Hardware Installation  
This section describes how to properly install the hardware for a Gateway  
Series appliance.  
Caution  
Only qualified service personnel should continue with  
hardware installation and configuration of the Gateway Series  
appliance. Users should not attempt to perform these functions  
themselves.  
Caution  
This equipment is intended for use in Restricted Access Areas  
only where equipotential bonding has been applied.  
Grounding  
The Gateway Series appliance must be properly earth grounded for safety  
reasons. If the unit is not properly earth grounded, the unit and/or other  
equipment connected to the unit could be damaged. If a Gateway Series  
appliance is damaged while it is improperly grounded, the warranty on  
the Gateway Series appliance is void.  
A ground lug is located on the opposite side from the front panel of a  
Gateway Series appliance. Attach an appropriate length and gauge of wire  
to the double-crimp ground ring terminal. The wire length should be as  
short as possible, and gauge should be 18 AWG or greater. Stranded or  
solid wire is acceptable. Wire is not provided with the Gateway Series  
appliance. Double crimp the ground ring terminal to the wire. Next, slide  
the ground ring terminal over the ground lug. Then fasten the ground ring  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
terminal to the ground lug using the ground nut. The ground nut must be  
turned clockwise to tighten it onto the ground lug. The opposite end of the  
wire that is connected to the ground ring terminal should be securily  
fastened to an unpainted metalic section of a properly earth grounded  
equipment rack. A connector for the opposite end of the wire is not  
provided with the Gateway Series appliance.  
Note: Taking into consideration the requirements of all equipment that  
is connected to or sharing the rack, the equipment rack should be  
properly earth grounded. Refer to the manufacturer of the rack for  
instructions on how to properly earth ground the rack.  
Important  
Use only a grounded electrical outlet when connecting the  
Gateway Series appliance to a power source. If you do not  
know whether the outlet is grounded, consult with a qualified  
electrician.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 24  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Mounting  
The included hardware allows the Gateway Series appliance to be wall  
mounted, rack mounted side-by-side with another Gateway Series  
appliance, or placed flat on a level surface. If a single Gateway Series  
appliance is to be rack mounted, the optional long mounting bracket (not  
supplied, part number 3244-00042) must be used. The optional long  
mounting bracket can be ordered by contacting a Digium reseller or  
Digium directly.  
Important  
Reliable earth grounding of rack-mount equipment should be  
maintained. Particular attention should be given to provide  
connection other than direct connections to the branch circuit  
(e.g., use of power strips).  
Important  
Mounting of the Gateway Series appliance in a rack should be  
such that no hazardous condition is achieved due to uneven  
mechanical loading. Do not place heavy objects on top of the  
unit, or pull down on the mounted unit. Consider the  
mechanical loading of external cables. The weight of the cables  
can pull on the unit and create uneven loading. Secure heavy  
cables with external cable trays.  
Important  
If rack mounting, install the Gateway Series appliance in a rack  
so that the amount of airflow required for safe operation is not  
compromised.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 25  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Important  
If the Gateway Series appliance is installed in a system that is  
in turn installed in a closed or multi-unit rack assembly, the  
operating ambient temperature of the rack environment may be  
significantly greater than the room ambient. While the  
maximum safe operating temperature is 50°C, consideration  
should be given to installing the unit in an environment  
compatible with the maximum recommended ambient  
temperature of 45°C for long term reliability and maximum  
performance.  
Single Unit Rack Mount:  
In order to rack mount the Gateway Series appliance by itself, place one  
of the short mounting brackets on the front of one side of the Gateway  
Series appliance. Line up the holes from the mounting bracket to the  
threaded holes on the front side of the Gateway Series appliance. Two #8  
black truss head screws should be inserted and turned clockwise to fasten  
the mounting bracket. Do not over-tighten. Repeat these steps when  
installing the optional long mounting bracket (not supplied, part number  
3244-00042) on the other side of the Gateway Series appliance. Then use  
another 2 #8 black truss head screws on each mounting bracket to secure  
the Gateway Series appliance to a rack.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 26  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Side-by-side Rack Mount:  
In order to rack mount the Gateway Series appliance side-by-side with  
another Gateway Series appliance, place one of the short mounting  
brackets on the front of the left side of the first Gateway Series appliance.  
Line up the holes from the mounting bracket to the threaded holes on the  
front of the left side of the first Gateway Series appliance. Two #8 black  
truss head screws should be inserted and turned clockwise to fasten the  
mounting bracket. Repeat these steps when installing a short mounting  
bracket on the front of the right side of the second Gateway Series  
appliance.  
Each of the three #6 pan head screws should be inserted into a shoulder  
washer as shown in Figure 5 on page 28. Make sure the narrow side of the  
shoulder washer is away from the head of the screw. The three screws  
should then be inserted and turned clockwise to fasten to the side-by-side  
holes on the right side of the first Gateway Series appliance. Do not  
overtighten the screws or the shoulder washers could be damaged.  
Connect the first and second Gateway Series appliances together by  
putting the heads of three screws & shoulder washers into the three keyed  
insets. Then push down on the second Gateway Series appliance as shown  
in Figure 5. Make sure the units are flat against each other before pushing  
the second unit down. Otherwise the shoulder washers may be damaged.  
Use two truss head screws (not supplied) on each mounting bracket to  
secure both Gateway Series appliances to a rack.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 27  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Figure 5: Side-by-side Rack Mounting  
Wall Mount:  
In order to wall mount the Gateway Series appliance, the short mounting  
brackets should be flipped and rotated, and fastened on the middle of the  
right and left sides of the Gateway Series appliance as shown in Figure 6  
on page 29. The unit should be mounted at or below eye level to properly  
view the LEDs. In addition, the Gateway Series appliance should be  
properly oriented as shown in Figure 6. Orientations other than those  
shown in Figure 6 are not acceptable.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 28  
 
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
If the Gateway Series appliance is placed in the “right side down”  
orientation, the 2 remaining #8 black truss head mounting screws should  
be fully inserted into the screw holes near the front of the right side of the  
Gateway Series appliance. In addition, the three #6 pan head screws  
should be fully inserted into the side-by-side holes on the right side of the  
first Gateway Series appliance.  
Note: The Gateway Series appliance must be properly grounded for  
safety reasons. If the unit is not properly grounded, damage could arise  
to the unit and/or other equipment connected to the unit.  
Right side down  
Back side down  
Front side  
Right side  
Back side  
Left side  
Figure 6: Acceptable Wall Mount Orientations  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 29  
 
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Level Surface:  
In order to place the Gateway Series appliance flat on a level surface, the  
rubber feet should be adhered to the 4 corners of the bottom of the  
Gateway Series appliance. This will help secure the Gateway Series  
appliance to the surface it is placed on.  
Note: The Gateway Series appliance must be properly grounded for  
safety reasons. If the unit is not properly grounded, damage could arise  
to the unit and/or other equipment connected to the unit.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 30  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Connecting Ports  
A description of each of the front panel connectors on a Gateway Series  
appliance is available in the section titled Front Panel Identification on  
page 19. Please refer to that section to determine what should be  
connected to each connector.  
Caution  
This unit must be connected to the Telecommunications  
Network in your country using an approved line cord, e.g.: for  
Australia use only line cords complying with ACA Technical  
Standard TS008.  
Caution  
Connect only equipment approved for use in your specific  
country to the telecommunications network voltage circuit  
ports.  
Connections to a Gateway Series appliance should be made in the  
following order.  
1. Gigabit Ethernet  
2. T1/E1 Port(s)  
3. Power Cord  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 31  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
Connecting to the Gateway Series  
The Gateway Series web GUI may be accessed by either its DHCP or  
statically assigned IP address. The following browsers are supported:  
IE 9  
Firefox 8 or newer  
Chrome 15  
Safari 5  
Connecting via DHCP assigned IP address  
1. If a DHCP server exists on the network that the Gateway Series appli-  
ance will be placed on, connect one end of an Ethernet cable to the  
Gateway Series appliance's Ethernet port, and the other end to an  
Ethernet connection on a network switch or hub. This step will con-  
nect your Gateway Series appliance to your network so that the Gate-  
way Series web GUI may be accessed from your network.  
2. Using a Gateway Series supported web browser, open a browser  
window from a computer on your network and enter the IP address  
for the Gateway Series appliance using HTTPS (e.g. https://[IP]). If  
you do not connect using HTTPS, a browser error will be displayed.  
The IP address for the Gateway Series web GUI will be assigned by  
the DHCP server on the network. The DHCP server on the network  
will need to be accessed to determine the IP address assigned to the  
Gateway Series appliance. The default username for the Gateway  
Series web GUI is admin, and the default password is admin.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
3. It is highly recommended that the admin password be changed using  
the System Administrators menu on the web GUI.  
4. Next, the IP configuration options should be configured on the  
Gateway Series appliance. See IP Configuration on page 35.  
Connecting via Statically assigned IP address  
1. If a DHCP server does not exist on the network that the Gateway  
Series appliance will be placed on, connect one end of an Ethernet  
cable to the Gateway Series appliance's Ethernet port, and the other  
end to an Ethernet connection on a computer. That computer will  
need to use the network configuration listed below. This step will  
connect your Gateway Series appliance to your computer so that the  
Gateway Series web GUI may be accessed from your computer.  
Network settings for computer connecting to Gateway Series  
IP: 192.168.69.2  
Netmask: 255.255.255.0  
Broadcast: 192.168.69.255  
2. Using a Gateway Series supported web browser, open a browser  
window and enter the IP address for the Gateway Series appliance  
using HTTPS (e.g. https://[IP]). If you do not connect using HTTPS,  
a browser error will be displayed. The default IP address for the  
Gateway Series web GUI is 192.168.69.1. The default username for  
the Gateway Series web GUI is admin, and the default password is  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
admin.  
3. It is highly recommended that the admin password be changed using  
the System Administrators menu on the web GUI.  
4. Next, the IP configuration options should be configured on the  
Gateway Series appliance. See IP Configuration on page 35.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 34  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
IP Configuration  
The general networking and configuration server options in the Gateway  
Series web GUI should be configured before others.  
Note: Saving changes to the IP configuration requires a restart,  
resulting in all active calls being dropped. We recommend against  
making these changes during business hours.  
Figure 7: IP Configuration Menu  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 35  
     
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
The General Networking Options are described below.  
Hostname - Specify the hostname of the Gateway Series appliance.  
Obtain an IP Address via DHCP - If a DHCP server exists on the  
same network as the Gateway Series appliance, this feature may be  
enabled for the IP address to be dynamically assigned via DHCP.  
Note: It is recommended that this feature be disabled if the DHCP  
server is not configured to always provide the same IP address  
based on MAC address. If this is the case, the Gateway Series  
appliance’s network settings should be manually configured. The  
MAC address of the Gateway Series appliance is printed on a  
sticker on the bottom of the unit.  
System IP Address - If Obtain an IP Address via DHCP is disabled,  
specify the static IP address for the Gateway Series appliance.  
Network Mask - If Obtain an IP Address via DHCP is disabled,  
specify the network mask for the Gateway Series appliance.  
Gateway Address - If Obtain an IP Address via DHCP is disabled,  
specify the gateway address for the Gateway Series appliance. The  
gateway address is usually the address of the router on the network.  
DNS Addresses - If Obtain an IP Address via DHCP is disabled,  
specify up to 3 DNS servers to be used by the Gateway Series appli-  
ance. A DNS server may also be referred to as a nameserver.  
Also Continue Using Default Install IP Address - Leaving this  
option enabled will allow the Gateway Series appliance to listen for  
network requests on its factory default IP address.  
Note: For security purposes, it is recommended that this feature be  
disabled after initial IP configuration is complete. After this feature is  
disabled, the Gateway Series appliance will be accessible only from  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 36  
Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
the IP address that is assigned by the DHCP server or statically  
configured.  
Factory Default IP Address - Displays the factory default IP  
address assigned to the Gateway Series appliance.  
Default Install Mask - Displays the factory default network mask  
of the Gateway Series appliance.  
The Gateway Series appliance is capable of loading its configuration from  
a configuration server on reboot. This allows Gateway Series appliances  
to be quickly and easily deployed at multiple locations with minimal  
interaction from an administrator.  
In order to generate a configuration to place on a configuration server,  
configure a Gateway Series appliance, generate a backup from the web  
GUI as described in Backups on page 49, and place the backup file on the  
configuration server at the path described below.  
Note: The format of the path to the configuration server is protocol://  
[user:password@]hostname_or_ip[/path]. The protocol may be either  
tftp, ftp, or http. The Gateway Series appliance will request a  
configuration database with the filename of xxxxxxxxxxxx.tgz, where  
xxxxxxxxxxxx is the unit’s MAC address, from the configuration  
server. The MAC address of the Gateway Series appliance is printed  
on a sticker on the bottom of the unit. FTP and HTTP normally do not  
require a username and password.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 2: Unit Installation  
The Configuration Server options are specified below.  
Reload Remote Config on Reboot - Leaving this option enabled will  
allow the Gateway Series appliance to request that its configuration be  
reloaded from a configuration server on every reboot.  
Note: If this feature will not be used, it is recommended that it be  
disabled.  
Get Config Server from Option 66 via DHCP - If Obtain an IP  
Address via DHCP is enabled and the DHCP server specifies the path  
and configuration database file on the configuration server using  
Option 66, this feature may be enabled for all Gateway Series configu-  
ration settings to be automatically configured using a configuration  
server. The Reload Remote Config on Reboot option must be  
enabled in order to activate this feature. Refer to the note on page 37  
for proper syntax when specifying the path and configuration database  
file.  
Configuration Server - If Obtain an IP Address via DHCP is  
enabled and Get Config Server from Option 66 via DHCP is dis-  
abled, the path to the configuration server may be statically defined  
using this option. The Reload Remote Config on Reboot option must  
be enabled in order to activate this feature. Refer to the note on  
page 37 for proper syntax when specifying the path and configuration  
database file.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 38  
Chapter 3  
Configuration  
The Gateway Series appliances have a variety of configuration options.  
This chapter provides information on how to use the Gateway Series web  
GUI to configure an appliance without the need of command-line tools,  
and an overview of the available configuration sections.  
Context-sensitive help buttons are provided above most sections of the  
Gateway Series web GUI. Clicking on a help button will open a new  
window which contains a detailed description of the options available for  
that section. The help buttons appear as  
.
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 3: Configuration  
The Gateway Series appliance should already be connected to your  
network or computer, as described in Connecting to the Gateway Series  
on page 32. Using a Gateway Series supported web browser, open a  
browser window and enter the IP address for the Gateway Series  
appliance using HTTPS (e.g. https://[IP]). If you do not connect using  
HTTPS, a browser error will be displayed. The login screen will be  
displayed. An administrator username and password must be entered to  
proceed. The default username for the Gateway Series web GUI is  
admin, and the default password is admin.  
Figure 8: Login Screen  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 3: Configuration  
The Gateway Series web GUI is divided into the following main sections.  
Settings and Configuration on page 42  
Logging and Reporting on page 46  
Status and Diagnostics on page 47  
Maintenance on page 49  
Figure 9: Main Menu  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 41  
 
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Settings and Configuration  
This section provides the ability to configure SIP and TDM settings,  
create call routing groups and rules, manage system administrators, and  
set up networking. Included are the following sections.  
SIP Endpoints on page 42  
Advanced SIP Settings on page 43  
T1/E1 on page 43  
Call Routing Groups on page 43  
Call Routing Rules on page 44  
SIP Endpoints  
This section provides the ability to add and modify SIP endpoints, and  
configure call, media, and fax settings. A SIP endpoint will typically be a  
SIP PBX or SIP provider connected to the Gateway Series appliance.  
Included are the following sections.  
Main - Primary options for SIP endpoint configuration  
Call Settings (Advanced) - DTMF, Caller ID, signaling, and  
advanced timer settings  
Media Settings (Advanced) - Media types and priorities, codecs set-  
tings  
Fax Settings (Advanced) - Fax related settings  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 42  
   
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Advanced SIP Settings  
This section provides the ability to add and modify advanced SIP settings.  
These settings are for experienced administrators only. Please take care  
when modifying any of these settings. The default values should be  
sufficient for most applications. Included are the following sections.  
Networking - General, NAT, RTP, RTCP, and DTMF settings  
Parsing and Compatibility - General, SIP methods, Caller ID, timer  
configuration, and outbound registrations  
Security - SIP domains, authentication, and guest calling settings  
Media - ISDN media, QOS/TOS settings  
Fax - Fax related settings  
T1/E1  
This section provides the ability to configure the T1/E1 hardware in the  
Gateway Series appliance. Included are the following sections.  
General - General options for T1/E1 configuration  
Port # - Port specific options for interface type and signaling  
Call Routing Groups  
This section provides the ability to add and modify SIP and T1/E1 call  
routing groups. A call routing group allows a group of channels to be  
addressed when creating a call routing rule.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 43  
     
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Call Routing Rules  
This section provides the ability to add and modify call routing rules. A  
call routing rule determines how a call is handled based upon certain  
characteristics such as inbound channel and DID. It is also possible to  
manipulate matched numbers before connecting outbound calls.  
System Administrators  
This section provides the ability to add and modify system administrators  
for access to the Gateway Series web GUI.  
IP Configuration  
This section provides the ability to configure IP options for the Gateway  
Series appliance. See IP Configuration on page 35 for more information.  
HTTPS  
This section provides the ability to supply your own certificate for secure  
connection to the Gateway Series web GUI. A self-signed certificate is  
provided by default.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 44  
   
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Access Control  
This section provides the ability to limit access to the web GUI and SIP  
traffic through the Gateway Series appliance. All other protocols are  
blocked.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 45  
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Logging and Reporting  
This section provides the ability to configure and view system statistics  
and logging of the Gateway Series appliance. Included are the following  
sections.  
Statistics - Displays statistics for active calls and calls processed, and  
displays a summary of active calls in progress  
System Log - Settings for system logging via Syslog  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 46  
 
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Status and Diagnostics  
This section provides the ability to view connection status, system  
information, perform advanced debugging, and troubleshoot problems  
with diagnostic tools. Included are the following sections.  
Connection Status on page 47  
System Information on page 47  
Advanced Debugging on page 48  
Technical Support on page 48  
Connection Status  
This section provides the ability to view the connection status of network  
interfaces, SIP endpoints, and T1/E1 interfaces. Included are the  
following sections.  
Network - Status of network interfaces  
SIP Endpoints - Status of SIP endpoints  
T1/E1 Interfaces - Status of T1/E1 interfaces per port  
System Information  
This section provides the ability to view system information on the  
Gateway Series appliance, including model number, software version,  
MAC address, uptime, and system time.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 47  
     
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Advanced Debugging  
This section provides the ability to record and download debug logs for  
troubleshooting. Included are the following sections.  
Debugging Sessions in Progress - Displays existing logs or recording  
sessions in progress  
Start a New Debugging Session - TCP traffic, gateway logging, and  
system logging settings for starting a new debugging session  
Technical Support  
This section provides the ability to enable remote access for Digium  
Support Personnel to access the Gateway Series appliance for support  
purposes.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 48  
   
Chapter 3: Configuration  
Maintenance  
This section provides the ability to perform configuration backups,  
register the unit, perform system updates, set the system clock, reboot,  
and restore factory settings. Included are the following sections.  
Backups on page 49  
Software Updates on page 49  
System Clock on page 49  
System Reset on page 50  
Backups  
This section provides the ability to create and restore a backup. Included  
are the following sections.  
Download Backup - Download a backup in database format  
Restore a Backup - Restore a backup in database format  
Software Updates  
This section provides the ability to perform a software update for the  
Gateway Series appliance.  
System Clock  
This section provides the ability to set the system clock on the Gateway  
Series appliance.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 49  
         
Chapter 3: Configuration  
System Reset  
This section provides the ability to perform a system reboot, system  
shutdown, or factory reset of the Gateway Series appliance.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 50  
 
Chapter 4  
Troubleshooting  
This chapter provides information regarding troubleshooting tools,  
frequently asked questions, and possible resolutions as identified by  
Digium Technical Support. Multiple resources are available to obtain  
more information about Asterisk and Digium products. Please visit both  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 51  
   
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting  
Firmware Recovery and Configuration Reset  
If a Gateway Series appliance is behaving unexpectedly or the password  
is forgotten, a firmware recovery may need to be performed. The USB  
Recovery port can be used to perform a firmware recovery using a  
recovery image. The recovery image reformats the Gateway Series’ root  
filesystem and reloads the appropriate software on it. It will also  
overwrite the configuration database, returning the Gateway Series  
appliance to its default configuration.  
Note: It is highly recommended to use an image that is equal or  
greater in version than the firmware that is currently installed on the  
Gateway Series appliance.  
Every Gateway Series firmware release will include a recovery image.  
The recovery image is located inside of a compressed zip file which can  
be downloaded from  
downloading the recovery image, the contents of the compressed zip file  
must be extracted and copied to the root (i.e. parent) directory of an  
empty USB flash drive.  
Note: A USB flash drive is not provided with a Gateway Series  
appliance. It must be purchased separately. The USB flash drive  
should be at least 2GB in size and formatted with the FAT32  
filesystem.  
Next, power off the Gateway Series appliance. Then insert the USB flash  
drive into the USB Recovery port. Power on the Gateway Series  
appliance. The Gateway Series appliance will boot from the USB  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting  
Recovery port and process the recovery image which was placed on the  
USB flash drive.  
Warning! Do not disconnect power during this process. The recovery  
process will take at least 3 minutes to complete.  
During this process, the Device Status LED will turn red for a fraction of  
a second. Then it will turn amber for less than a minute. Next, it will run  
red for about 2 minutes. Lastly, the Device Status LED will remain off. At  
this point, it is safe to power off the Gateway Series appliance. Remove  
the USB flash drive and power cycle the Gateway Series appliance.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 53  
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting  
Frequently Asked Questions  
What do the colors of the Device Status LED indicate?  
Red - Hardware is initializing.  
Amber - Software is initializing. Hardware is initialized.  
Green - Hardware and software are fully initialized and running.  
What do the colors of the Ethernet Status LEDs indicate?  
Steady Green (left side) - Active Link  
Blinking Amber (right side) - Network activity  
What do the colors of the T1/E1 Status LEDs indicate?  
Steady Green (right side) - Appliance is in-sync with the far end.  
Steady Yellow (right side) - Appliance is synchronizing or is receiv-  
ing a yellow alarm from the far end.  
Steady Red (right side) - Appliance is not seeing far end, circuit is not  
up, or cable is bad.  
Singular Blinking Green (right side) - Line has been placed into  
loopback mode.  
Steady Blue (left side) - T1/E1 software driver is initialized, but con-  
figuration is invalid.  
All Off - T1/E1 software driver is not initialized.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting  
What type of cable do I need for the T1/E1 ports on a Gateway Series  
appliance?  
A straight-through RJ45 T1/E1 cable is needed for connecting to the RJ45  
ports on a Gateway Series appliance when connecting to the PSTN. If  
connecting to a TDM PBX, a crossover RJ45 T1/E1 cable may be  
required. The appropriate cables may be ordered from Digium by visiting  
There is a slight echo. How can I adjust the sound quality?  
First, verify that the Echo Cancellation option under the Port # menu of  
T1/E1 Settings is enabled. If it is not, enable it. If echo persists, adjust the  
RX Gain and TX Gain options on the same menu. For the gain options, it  
is recommended to shift only between values of -5 and 5.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 55  
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting  
Where can I find answers to additional questions?  
Digium Technical Support (+1.256.428.6161), or Toll Free in the U.S.  
(+1.877.344.4861), is available 7am-8pm Central Time (GMT -6),  
Monday - Friday. Please refer to Free Installation Support on page 57  
for additional information on how to obtain assistance from Digium  
Technical Support.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 56  
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting  
Free Installation Support  
Digium hardware products include free installation support. In order to  
receive this support, register your Digium product using the serial number  
located on the serialization sticker of your Digium unit.  
Steps to receive installation support:  
1. Record your product serial number.  
3. E-mail Digium Support via [email protected], or telephone via  
+1.256.428.6000 or Toll-Free +1.877.DIGIUM.1.  
Note: Digium does not provide support for unregistered products.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 57  
   
Appendix A  
Pin Assignments  
The RJ45 (8P8C) port labeled ETH on the Gateway Series  
appliance is 8-pin. The pin assignments are identified in Table A-1.  
Note: Category 5e or Category 6 cables are required for Gigabit  
(1Gbps) operation up to 100 meters. Category 5 cables will work for  
short runs, but the link speed may be limited over long distances.  
Table A-1: Gigabit Ethernet Port Pinouts  
Diagram  
Pin  
Description  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bi-directional pair A+  
Bi-directional pair A-  
Bi-directional pair B+  
Bi-directional pair C+  
Bi-directional pair C-  
Bi-directional pair B-  
Bi-directional pair D+  
Bi-directional pair D-  
Pin 1  
Pin 8  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 58  
       
Appendix A: Pin Assignments  
All RJ45 (8P8C) ports labeled T1/E1 on the Gateway Series  
appliance are 8-pin. RJ45 jacks are also commonly referred to as  
RJ48 when used for telecommunication. The pin assignments are  
identified in Table A-2.  
Table A-2: RJ45 T1/E1 Port Connector  
Pin  
Description  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rx Ring  
Rx Tip  
Unused  
Tx Ring  
Tx Tip  
Unused  
Unused  
Unused  
Pin 1  
Pin 8  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 59  
   
Appendix B  
Specifications  
This appendix provides specifications, required environmental  
conditions, and maximum power consumption for the Gateway  
Series appliances.  
Physical (All Units).  
Size:  
8.6” × 9.0” × 1.72” (21.84 x 22.86 x 4.37 cm)  
Weight: 2 lbs 12 oz (1,247.38 gm)  
Interfaces.  
Local Loop Access: E1, T1, PRI; RJ45 (A.K.A RJ48)  
USB: Standard Type A Receptacle  
Ethernet Access: 10/100/1000base-T; RJ45  
Power: Standard 3-pin IEC320-C13  
Environment.  
Temperature: 0 to 50° C (32 to 122° F) operation  
-20 to 70° C (4 to 158° F) storage  
Humidity: 0 to 90% non-condensing  
Power Requirements.  
Voltage: 100-240VAC, 50/60Hz  
Current: 0.5A maximum, 67mA@120V or 33mA@240V typical  
Power: 10W maximum, 7.5W typical  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 60  
   
Appendix C  
Glossary and Acronyms  
8P8C  
8 position 8 conductor  
Module connector commonly used to terminate twisted pair.  
ANSI  
American National Standards Institute  
An organization which proposes and establishes standards for  
international communications.  
asynchronous  
Not synchronized; not timed to an outside clock source. Transmission is  
controlled by start bits at the beginning and stop bits at the end of each  
character. Asynchronous communications are often found in internet  
access and remote office applications.  
attenuation  
The dissipation of a transmitted signal’s power as it travels over a wire.  
bandwidth  
The capacity to carry traffic. Higher bandwidth indicates the ability to  
transfer more data in a given time period.  
bit  
The smallest element of information in a digital system. A bit can be  
either a zero or a one.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
bps  
bits per second  
A measurement of transmission speed across a data connection.  
BRI  
Basic Rate ISDN  
broadband  
Broadband transmission shares the bandwidth of a particular medium  
(copper or fiber optic) to integrate multiple signals. The channels take up  
different frequencies on the cable, integrating voice, data, and video over  
one line.  
channel  
A generic term for an individual data stream. Service providers can use  
multiplexing techniques to transmit multiple channels over a common  
medium.  
Cat5  
Twisted pair cable for carrying signals for 10/100 Ethernet, telephony,  
and video. Cat5 was superseded by Cat5e.  
Cat5e  
Twisted pair cable for carrying signals for Gigabit Ethernet, telephony,  
and video.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 62  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
CLEC  
Competitive Local Exchange Carrier  
A term for telephone companies established after the  
Telecommunications Act of 1996 deregulated the LECs. CLECs compete  
with ILECs to offer local service. See also LEC and ILEC.  
CO  
Central Office  
The CO houses local switching equipment. All local access lines in a  
particular geographic area terminate at this facility (which is usually  
owned and operated by an ILEC).  
CPE  
Customer Premises Equipment  
Terminal equipment which is connected to the telecommunications  
network and which resides within the home or office of the customer. This  
includes telephones, modems, terminals, routers, and television set-top  
boxes.  
DAHDI Digium Asterisk Hardware Device Interface  
A telephony project dedicated to implementing a reasonable and  
affordable computer telephony platform into the world marketplace. In  
addition, the collective name for the Digium-provided drivers for Digium  
telephony interface products.  
DS0  
Digital Signal, Level 0  
A voice grade channel of 64 kbps. The worldwide standard speed for  
digitizing voice conversation using PCM (Pulse Code Modulation).  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 63  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
DS1  
Digital Signal, Level 1  
1.544 Mbps in North America (T1) and Japan (J1) -up to 24 voice  
channels (DS0s), 2.048 Mbps in Europe (E1) - up to 32 voice channels  
(DS0s). DS1/T1/E1 lines are part of the PSTN.  
DS3  
Digital Signal, Level 3  
T3 in North America and Japan, E3 in Europe. Up to 672 voice channels  
(DS0s). DS3/T3/E3 lines are not part of the PSTN.  
DTMF  
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency  
Push-button or touch tone dialing.  
E1  
The European equivalent of North American T1, transmits data at 2.048  
Mbps, up to 32 channels (DS0s).  
E3  
The European equivalent of North American T3, transmits data at 34.368  
Mbps, up to 512 channels (DS0s). Equivalent to 16 E1 lines.  
EMI  
Electromagnetic Interference  
Unwanted electrical noise.  
full duplex  
Data transmission in two directions simultaneously.  
Digium, Inc.  
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Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
FXO  
Foreign Exchange Office  
Receives the ringing voltage from an FXS device. Outside lines are  
connected to FXO ports.  
FXS  
Foreign Exchange Station  
Initiates and sends ringing voltage. Phones are connected to FXS ports.  
G.711  
A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector  
(ITU-T) for an algorithm designed to transmit and receive mulaw PCM  
voice and A-law at a digital bit rate of 64 kbps.  
G.723.1  
A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector  
(ITU-T) for an algorithm designed to transmit and receive audio at 6.3  
kbps or 5.3 kbps.  
G.729a  
A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector  
(ITU-T) for an algorithm designed to transmit and receive audio at 8  
kbps.  
H.323  
A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector  
(ITU-T) for multimedia communications over packet-based networks.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 65  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
HDLC  
High-Level Data Link Control  
A bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol developed by the  
International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  
IAX  
Inter-Asterisk eXchange  
The native VoIP protocol used by Asterisk. It is an IETF standard used to  
enable VoIP connections between Asterisk servers, and between servers  
and clients that also use the IAX protocol.  
iLBC  
internet Low Bitrate Codec  
A free speech codec used for voice over IP. It is designed for narrow band  
speech with a payload bitrate of 13.33 kbps (frame length = 30ms) and  
15.2 kbps (frame length = 20ms).  
ILEC  
Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier  
The LECs that were the original carriers in the market prior to the entry of  
competition and therefore have the dominant position in the market.  
interface  
A point of contact between two systems, networks, or devices.  
ISO  
IVR  
International Standards Organization  
Interactive Voice Menu  
An interactive technology that allows a telephone system to detect voice  
and keypad input.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 66  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
LED  
Light-emitting Diode  
Linux  
A robust, feature-packed open source operating system based on Unix  
that remains freely available on the internet. It boasts dependability and  
offers a wide range of compatibility with hardware and software. Asterisk  
is supported exclusively on Linux.  
loopback  
A state in which the transmit signal is reversed back as the receive signal,  
typically by a far end network element.  
MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol  
multiplexing  
Transmitting multiple signals over a single line or channel. FDM  
(frequency division multiplexing) and TDM (time division multiplexing)  
are the two most common methods. FDM separates signals by dividing  
the data onto different carrier frequencies, and TDM separates signals by  
interleaving bits one after the other.  
mux  
multiplexer  
A device which transmits multiple signals over a single communications  
line or channel. See multiplexing.  
node  
A terminal in a computer network.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 67  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
NT  
Network Termination  
A device connecting the customer's telephone or data equipment to the  
local ISDN exchange carrier's line. NT devices are connected to TE  
devices.  
PBX  
Private Branch Exchange  
A smaller version of a phone company’s large central switching office.  
Example: Asterisk.  
PCI  
peripheral component interconnect  
A standard bus used in most computers to connect peripheral devices.  
POP  
Point of Presence  
The physical connection point between a network and a telephone  
network. A POP is usually a network node serving as the equivalent of a  
CO to a network service provider or an interexchange carrier.  
POTS  
Plain Old Telephone Service  
The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the  
world's public circuit-switched telephone networks. Originally a network  
of fixed-line analog telephone systems, the PSTN is now almost entirely  
digital, and now includes mobile as well as fixed telephones.  
PPP  
Point-to-Point Protocol  
Type of communications link that connects a single device to another  
single device, such as a remote terminal to a host computer.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 68  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
PRI  
Primary Rate ISDN  
PSTN  
Public Switched Telephone Network  
A communications network which uses telephones to establish  
connections between two points. Also referred to as the dial network.  
PTMP  
Point-to-Multipoint  
A connection where data is broadcast between more than two endpoints.  
PTP  
Point-to-Point  
A connection restricted to two endpoints.  
PTT  
Post, Telegraph, and Telephone  
The government agencies in many countries that traditionally operated  
and monopolized the public postal, telegraph, and telephone services.  
QoS  
Quality of Service  
A set of quality requirements for telephone service.  
RBOC Regional Bell Operating Companies  
The creation of Regional Bell Operating Companies were a result of  
AT&T's telephone monopoly being broken up in 1983.  
REN  
Ringer Equivalence Number  
An arbitrary value which denotes the electrical load a telephone ringer has  
on a line.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 69  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
RJ11  
A six-pin jack typically used for connecting telephones, modems, and fax  
machines in residential and business settings to PBX or the local  
telephone CO.  
RJ45  
8P8C, un-keyed modular connector type for Ethernet over twisted pair.  
Predominantly used in LAN and uses Unshielded Twisted Pair cable.  
RJ48  
8P8C modular connector type for T1 and ISDN termination over twisted  
pair. While RJ45 and RJ48 use the same connector, they differ in their  
wiring. RJ48 is commonly seen on T1 lines and uses Shielded Twisted  
Pair cable.  
SIP  
Session Initiation Protocol  
An IETF standard for setting up sessions between one or more clients. It  
is currently the leading signaling protocol for Voice over IP, gradually  
replacing H.323.  
T1  
A dedicated digital carrier facility which transmits up to 24 voice  
channels (DS0s) and transmits data at 1.544 Mbps. Commonly used to  
carry traffic to and from private business networks and ISPs.  
T3  
A dedicated digital carrier facility which consists of 28 T1 lines and  
transmits data at 44.736 Mbps. Equivalent to 672 voice channels (DS0s).  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 70  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
TDM  
Time Division Multiplexer  
A device that supports simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams  
into a single high-speed data stream. TDM combines signals by  
interleaving bits one after the other.  
TE  
Terminal Equipment  
A device that is established as a point of termination of a communications  
circuit or channel. Terminal equipment comprises all customer premises  
equipment (CPE). TE devices are connected to NT devices.  
telco  
A generic name which refers to the telephone companies throughout the  
world, including RBOCs, LECs, and PTTs.  
tip and ring  
The standard termination on the two conductors of a telephone circuit;  
named after the physical appearance of the contact areas on the jack plug.  
twisted pair  
Two copper wires commonly used for telephony and data  
communications. The wires are wrapped loosely around each other to  
minimize radio frequency interference or interference from other pairs in  
the same bundle.  
USB  
Universal Serial Bus  
Industry standard defining communication protocols, cables, and  
connectors used in a bus for connection, communication, and power  
between electronic devices and computers.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 71  
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms  
V
Volts  
VoIP  
Voice over Internet Protocol  
Technology used for transmitting voice traffic over a data network using  
the Internet Protocol.  
Digium, Inc.  
Page 72  

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