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Yamaha EMX5000 powered mixer • Phonic Roadgear compact PA • Audix OM2 &
OM7 dynamic stage mics • Meet the engineer mixing FOH at the Carling Academy
• Dbx Driverack system controller • Feedback workshop causes and cures • Fohhn
Xperience III high-powered compact PA • XXL Bagmix miniature powered mixer
Sound On Sound Live supplement
Issue number 2: November 2004
• Understanding PA mixers • Db Opera powered speakers • And more…
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use, though it’s no featherweight — the
EMX5000‡12 weighs a¥hefty 15kg, so it’s just
as well that its arm-rest doubles as
a¥carrying handle.
Unusually, Yamaha have included
a¥power‡switching feature that allows the
user to select between three maximum
output levels (500, 300 or 100W per
channel), to suit the size of room being
played.This could also be useful if you
connect speakers with a¥lower power rating
than the maximum, to avoid overdriving
them.As you’d expect, the amplifiers are
fully protected against short‡circuited
outputs, DC offset or overheating, while
limiters in the signal path prevent clipping
under high signal conditions.The amplifier
can be used in mono bridge mode (1000W)
or may be used to drive a¥main speaker in
mono plus a¥separate monitor, the latter fed
from Aux 1.A¥further permutation allows
both channels to be used to drive monitors
(sourced from Aux 1 and 2) for situations in
which the EMX5000 is being used purely as
a¥monitor mixer.
Another unusual feature is the
incorporation of two effects processors,
each fed from its own post‡fade send pot.
Each can produce 16 ‘SPX’‡style effects.The
first nine effects produced by each ‘engine’
are identical and comprise reverbs and
delays, while the remaining seven differ
between the two engines and include
various specialised vocal treatments, special
effects such as ‘Radio Voice’, pitch shifting,
modulation effects, and Yamaha’s classic
‘multi‡chorus’ Symphonic treatment.A¥single
Parameter control per effect processor
allows the most important elements of each
preset to be adjusted.The delay includes
a¥very welcome tap‡tempo function
enabling the delay time (of the tap‡delay
program only) to be set very quickly during
a¥performance.
At a¥glance
Yamaha EMX5000‡12
Pros
• Lots of power considering the size and weight
of the mixer.
• Two really good effects processors.
• Clear, logical control surface.
• Built‡in sub filter.
Constructionally, the mixer is pretty much
what you’d expect from Yamaha — steel
chassis, sleek lines and a¥clear layout, though
I’d swear the knobs are more Mackie‡like
than on previous models.The only
• Good value for money.
Cons
connections not accessible from the top
panel are the power inlet and the speaker
outputs, the latter on both Speakons and
quarter‡inch jacks.In normal use, the
minimum speaker load is 4Ω per channel,
while in bridge mode the minimum load is
8Ω.It’s unusual to have the choice of jack
speaker outputs on an amplifier this
powerful but it is, nevertheless, welcome, as
anyone who has ever turned up at a¥gig
with faulty or missing Speakon cables will
testify.
The majority of the audio connections are
on jacks, other than the Speakons, the XLR
mic inputs and the phono connections for
consumer recording and playback devices.
Aside from the balanced mic and line inputs,
• EQ mid‡band sweep range could go lower.
• Graphic EQ can’t be split into two mono units for
main and monitor use.
• Not all the line outputs are balanced.
Summary
There are no significant weaknesses in this
powered mixer, which combines Yamaha’s
power‡amp technology with two very flexible yet
simple effects processors, a¥comprehensive mixer
and a¥nine‡band graphic equaliser.Its
shortcomings are very minor compared to its
strengths.
high‡efficiency amplifier technology to keep
heating to a¥minimum.Few details are
supplied, but I¥suspect that this technology
uses automatic power‡rail switching to
match instantaneous power needs.
A¥variable‡speed fan system monitors the
heatsink temperature and adjusts its speed
accordingly.This design is claimed to use 50
percent of the energy of Yamaha’s
Information
‹ Yamaha EMX5000‡12 £659: EMX5000‡20 £849.
Prices include VAT.
Ê Yamaha‡Kemble +44 (0)1908 369269.
conventional amplifiers and to generate
around 35 percent of the heat during normal
»
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On test Yamaha EMX5000‡12
Powered stage mixer
On the rear panel you’ll find the speaker
of the two effect processors also has
an Aux 1 and an Aux 2 control,
outputs, available (usefully) on both
Speakon and quarter‡inch jack
connectors.
allowing a¥specified amount of effect
to be sent to the stage monitor
outputs.At the bottom of each
effect strip is an On button with
a¥bright yellow indicator LED.The
second effect processor can be
bypassed using an optional
internal ones, if required.That
leaves a¥conventional pan
control, a¥channel On button,
a¥PFL (Pre Fade Listen) button
and a¥75mm channel fader.
footswitch, and a¥second footswitch
jack is available for setting the delay
tap tempo, which is useful if you’re
both performing and mixing yourself
from the stage.To the right of the
footswitch jacks is an XLR that
provides 12V power to an optional
lamp — again, extremely useful,
especially in dark venues.
most of the connections are unbalanced,
which may seem unusual, but then the
majority of connections used by gigging
musicians, as opposed to professional PA
operators, do tend to be unbalanced.
Technically, the mixer has a¥robust but
non‡esoteric specification, including
a¥20Hz‡20kHz frequency response
The On button has a¥bright status
LED, while two further LEDs indicate
the presence of signal in the channel
(green) and levels 3dB below clipping,
measured post‡EQ (red).Phantom
power (48V) is global and is activated
using a¥slide switch above the mic
inputs.A¥red status LED above the
channel trim controls shows when this
is turned on.
The stereo channels have the same
general layout as the mono channels
but are line‡only, with no pad or filter
switches.In addition, the EQ has no
swept mid, instead having a¥fixed mid
frequency of 2.5kHz. As these are
stereo channels, a¥balance control
takes the place of the pan control, but
the aux and effect send arrangement
is identical to that of the mono
channels.The inputs are available on
both jacks and phonos, allowing the
easy connection of CD players and so
on.
»
(+1dB/‡3dB) and a¥mic-amp EIN (Equivalent
Input Noise) figure of ‡128dB.Distortion is
less than 0.5 percent from input to speakers
and the quoted levels of hum and crosstalk
are more than adequately low for a¥product
of this type.
All the major functions in the
master section have their own fader
— namely Effects Return 1 and 2 for
the on‡board effects, Aux 1 and 2
sends, Mono Out and the main Stereo
Out.Above the last are the PFL (Pre
Fade Listen) and AFL (After Fade
Listen) switches (see ‘Jargon
The inevitable tour
This particular mixer has eight mic/line
channels and a¥further two stereo line‡only
channels.Its mono channels are fairly
conventional, with an input‡gain trim
control, a¥26dB pad switch and a¥choice of
XLR mic or balanced‡jack line inputs.
explained’ box).The Mono output
may be used to feed a¥subwoofer
and has a¥recessed switch that brings
in a¥low‡pass filter.This operates
between 80Hz and 120Hz and can be
manually adjusted via a¥recessed pot
accessible with a¥screwdriver.When
the amp mode is set to ‘PA plus
monitor’, as explained earlier, the
Mono Out fader also adjusts the level
of the ‘speaker B’ outputs and, if
mono bridge mode is selected, sets
the level of the ‘speaker A’ outputs.
The main outputs are unaffected by
the low‡pass filter settings, so if you
need to restrict the low‡end feed
going to the main speakers when
using a¥sub‡woofer you’ll have to
arrange this some other way — for
example, by using an active crossover
processor (see ‘Jargon explained’ box).
The switch that changes the
A¥further TRS jack provides a¥channel insert
point and there’s also a¥switchable 80Hz
low‡cut filter.There’s no mic/line switch —
you simply plug into the appropriate socket.
Most mixers of this size have three‡band
equalisers and this one is no exception,
though the mid frequency is sweepable
between 250Hz and 5kHz.Personally, I’d
have liked it to go a¥little lower, as there are
often boxy artifacts in the 150‡250Hz range
Two further simple stereo line
inputs are available as Sub inputs
(they can also be used in mono by
inserting a¥jack into only the left input
socket) and their controls reside in the
master section.These have basic level
controls plus sends for Aux 1 and 2,
enabling them to be fed to stage
monitors.They also have PFL buttons
for monitoring purposes via the
headphone output, and they can be
used as effect returns when
connecting external effects devices.
Tape inputs and outputs are also
available on phonos for recording gigs
and playing back the evidence!
A¥tape‡return level control is situated
in the master section, along with
a¥PFL button.
“There are few (if any)
features that aren’t
needed, and it’s built
like a¥tank.”
amplifier outputs between their
various modes (stereo, bridged mono,
‘mono plus monitor’ or two monitors,
as listed earlier) is located to the right
of the effects section near the top of
the panel.Here you’ll also find the
three‡way switch that sets the
that need a¥little cut, but you have to
accept compromises when the EQ has only
three bands.The high and low controls are
conventional shelving filters operating at
10kHz and 100Hz respectively, and all three
bands have a¥+/‡15dB gain range.Following
the EQ are two Aux sends, each switchable
from pre‡fade to post‡fade by means of
buttons in the channel strip, after which
there are two further effects sends
Master section
To the left of the master section are
the two effects sections, each
controlled by means of a¥16‡way
rotary effect‡selector switch and the
Parameter control I¥mentioned earlier,
which varies the most important
parameter of the selected effect.Each
maximum power available, a¥‘Yamaha
Speaker Processing’ switch, and
a¥standby button that mutes the
mono channels but leaves the stereo
channels active for carrying interlude
music or whatever else you need.
Yamaha Speaker Processing is
dedicated to feeding the two internal
effects engines.These two effects busses
also feed physical output jacks so that
external effects can be used instead of the
essentially an alternate low‡end
voicing that can be used to
compensate for the tonality of some
speakers.Really, you just have to try
A mono channel strip from the EMX5000‡12.
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it with your speakers and see if they sound
better with it or without it.
Below these switches is a¥nine‡band
graphic equaliser with bands set at 125Hz,
250Hz, 500Hz, 1kHz, 2kHz, 4kHz, 8kHz and
16kHz, all with a¥+/‡12dB range.The
comes out well, and the mid‡band EQ is
particularly adept at tuning out honky
mid‡range artifacts, though I’d still have
liked more low range on the sweep control.
A¥small gripe is that the headphones always
monitor the PFL/AFL buss, rather than being
switchable to various useful sources, though
in live‡sound situations the former is usually
enough to manage with.
Jargon explained
Active crossover: A¥crossover is an electronic
circuit designed to separate high‡ and
low‡frequency signals from each other so that
each can be fed to speakers optimised for the
role — ie.large and robust for bass, small and
light (and therefore fast) for high frequencies.If
a¥crossover is placed between the power amps
and the speakers (usually built into the
speakers), it is said to be ‘passive’.An ‘active’
crossover is used to divide signals before the
power amps, so separate amps are then used for
each band, further adding to efficiency.
Crossovers can be two‡way, simply splitting
highs and lows; three‡way, adding a¥mid band;
and ocasionally four‡way.
PFL/AFL: Pre‡Fade Listen/After‡Fade Listen.On
a¥live sound desk, pressing the PFL switch on
a¥channel will allow its signal to be heard in the
engineer’s headphone mix in isolation.The
channel fader position has no effect on this, as
the signal is picked up from before the fader in
the circuit, allowing a¥source to be identified
and checked for quality before introducing it
into the mix.AFL does the same thing, but
derives its signal after the fader.
Bridging: A¥method of achieving more output
from a¥power amp.If the same signal is applied
to two channels of an amplifier, one of them
with opposite polarity, a¥speaker ouput can be
derived between the positive output of one
channel and the negative of the other, allowing
the amp to apply twice the voltage across the
load.
equaliser affects the main stereo output
and the stereo line output, and because the
controls are stereo there’s no way to use
different EQ settings on the main and
monitor outputs when the mixer is used in
‘mono plus monitor’ mode.The graphic EQ
can be bypassed when not needed, and
though nine bands is far too few to use for
accurate feedback suppression, it is useful
for compensating for room or speaker
characteristics in a¥fairly general way.
A stereo bargraph meter in the master
section monitors the two master channels,
and directly below this is the headphone
level control and the stereo Sub Out level
control, which also has both PFL and AFL
switches.This output essentially duplicates
the main stereo output but has
I’ve tested several other mixers with
built‡in effects, and it comes as a¥pleasant
surprise to find one with such
good‡sounding effects — including reverbs
whose decay time can be tamed to a¥useful
degree, using the Parameter knob.Also,
having two sets of effects makes it easy to
combine different effects, to allocate
different effects to different mixer
channels, or to set up two different vocal
treatments and then switch between them
very easily.Another very nice feature which
the manual rather underplays is that any
change you make to the parameter knob for
an effect is remembered when you change
patches.I¥also checked what happened
when the mixer was powered down — and
it came back up with my modified effects
settings still intact! In other words, you get
a¥degree of programmability without having
to go through any save or load routines.I’d
have felt happier with a¥clip LED at the input
to the effects processors but, despite piling
on a¥lot of send level, I¥never actually
managed to coax any audible distortion
from the effects.
independent level control, so if you were to
drive an additional power amp and speakers
from it, you could control the level
independently of the other speakers driven
directly from the EMX5000’s amplifier.
Test driving
With a¥mixer like this, I¥look for clarity of
interface, quiet mic amps and
good‡sounding EQ, as well as bomb‡proof
construction.On all counts the EMX5000
be used in the monitor path and one in the
main when operating in ‘main plus monitor’
mode.Some users may also bemoan the
fact that not all the line outputs are
The graphic equaliser
works as well as any
nine‡band equaliser can
be expected to and is
certainly better than
balanced, but that’s rarely a¥problem in the
kind of rigs this type of mixer is typically
used in.
nothing when struggling
Aside from these fairly minor
with feedback problems,
though it is really of
more use for general
room‡sound tailoring.
However, I¥think Yamaha
have missed a¥trick by
not providing two sets
of mono controls, so
observations, I¥have to say that I¥really
enjoyed trying out this mixer.It has oodles
of clean power, made all the more useful by
the built-in limiters, it has an integral filter
for feeding a¥sub, which makes life very
easy if you have a¥spare sub‡woofer and
power amp but no electronic crossover, and
the effects are excellent.It also feels
reassuring, in that everything is set out
clearly, there are few (if any) features that
aren’t needed, and it’s built like a¥tank.I¥also
think the faders feel good, and though
they’re not a¥full 100mm, 75mm somehow
feels a¥lot longer than the basic 60mm
faders usually offered as an alternative.
Operating the EMX mixers is simplicity itself
for anyone who’s ever used a¥mixer before,
and I¥think the inclusion of switchable
power limits is a¥really great idea for anyone
who may not take all of their speakers to all
of their gigs.If you have passive speakers
and need up to a¥kilowatt of power to drive
them, as well as a¥requirement for a¥live
mixer with great effects, the EMX range
could be just what you need.ß
that one equaliser could
Part of the master section,
showing the clearly laid‡out
dual effects processors (far
left).One parameter of each
selected effect is available for
tweaking via the Parameter
knobs.At the top right you can
see the power amp controls,
with limiters.Below them is the
nine‡band graphic equaliser
section.
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Reprinted from issue 2 of
Sound On Sound’s
FREE Live Sound
quarterly supplement
(November 2004)
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