WLAN 11g Broadband Router
User Manual
V 1.0
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Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates,
uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
-Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
-Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
-Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
-Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1) this device may not cause interference and
2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired
operation of the device.
FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF
exposure compliance. This device must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with
any other antenna or transmitter.
Your device contains a low power transmitter. When device is transmitted it sends out Radio
Frequency (RF) signal. In order to maintain compliance with the FCC RF exposure guidelines,
this equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the
radiator and your body.
Use only with supplied antenna. Unauthorized antenna, modification, or attachments could
damage the transmitter and may violate FCC regulations.
X-Micro declares that US model of XWL-11GRTX, (FCC ID: RAFRTX) is limited in CH 1~ CH
11 for 2.4G band by specific firmware controlled by the manufacturer and is not user
changeable.
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Copyright
Copyright 2007 by X-Micro Technology Corp., All rights reserved. No part of
this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical,
manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of X-Micro
Technology Corp.
Disclaimer
X-Micro Technology Corp. makes no representations or warranties, either
expressed or implied, with respect to the contents hereof and specifically
disclaims any warranties, merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose.
Any software described in this manual is sold or licensed "as is". Should the
programs prove defective following their purchase, the buyer (and not this
company, its distributor, or its dealer) assumes the entire cost of all necessary
servicing, repair, and any incidental or consequential damages resulting from
any defect in the software. Further, X-Micro Technology Corp., reserves the
right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the
contents hereof without obligation to notify any person of such revision or
change.
All brand and product names mentioned in this manual are trademarks and/or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.
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Table of Contents
TERMINOLOGY...............................................................................................................................I
1
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 PACKAGE CONTENTS........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................. 1
1.3 PRODUCT FEATURES .......................................................................................................... 2
1.4 PANEL DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................... 3
2
3
INSTALLATION....................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 HARDWARE INSTALLATION .................................................................................................. 5
2.2 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION................................................................................................... 5
SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION .......................................................................................... 6
3.1 PREPARE YOUR PC TO CONFIGURE THE X-MICRO WLAN 11G BROADBAND ROUTER .... 6
3.2 CONNECT TO THE X-MICRO WLAN 11G BROADBAND ROUTER........................................ 7
3.3 MANAGEMENT AND CONFIGURATION ON THE X-MICRO WLAN 11G BROADBAND ROUTER
8
3.3.1
3.3.2
I
Status ........................................................................................................................ 8
Setup Wizard ......................................................................................................... 10
Operation Mode......................................................................................................... 10
II Time Zone Setting..................................................................................................... 11
III LAN Interface Setup ................................................................................................. 11
IV WAN Interface Setup................................................................................................ 12
V
Wireless Basic Settings............................................................................................ 12
VI Wireless Security Setup........................................................................................... 13
3.3.3
Operation Mode..................................................................................................... 13
Wireless - Basic Settings ..................................................................................... 14
Wireless - Advanced Settings ............................................................................. 15
Wireless - Security Setup..................................................................................... 17
WEP Key Setup......................................................................................................... 19
Wireless - Access Control.................................................................................... 20
WDS Settings......................................................................................................... 21
WDS Security Setup................................................................................................. 22
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
I
3.3.7
3.3.8
I
II WDS AP Table ........................................................................................................... 22
3.3.9
Site Survey............................................................................................................. 23
3.3.10 LAN Interface Setup ............................................................................................. 24
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3.3.11 WAN Interface Setup............................................................................................ 25
Static IP....................................................................................................................... 26
I
II DHCP Client............................................................................................................... 27
III PPPoE......................................................................................................................... 29
IV PPTP........................................................................................................................... 31
3.3.12 Firewall - Port Filtering.......................................................................................... 32
3.3.13 Firewall - IP Filtering............................................................................................. 33
3.3.14 Firewall - MAC Filtering........................................................................................ 34
3.3.15 Firewall - Port Forwarding.................................................................................... 35
3.3.16 Firewall – URL Filtering........................................................................................ 37
3.3.17 Firewall - DMZ........................................................................................................ 37
3.3.18 VPN Setting............................................................................................................ 38
I
VPN Setup - Edit Tunnel.......................................................................................... 40
II Advanced IKE Setup................................................................................................. 42
3.3.19 Management - Statistics....................................................................................... 43
3.3.20 Management - DDNS ........................................................................................... 44
3.3.21 Management - Time Zone Setting...................................................................... 44
3.3.22 Management – Denial-of-Service....................................................................... 45
3.3.23 Management - Log................................................................................................ 46
3.3.24 Management - Upgrade Firmware ..................................................................... 47
3.3.25 Management Save/ Reload Settings ................................................................. 48
3.3.26 Management - Password Setup ......................................................................... 49
3.3.27 Management - WatchDog.................................................................................... 49
3.3.28 Management - Quality of Service ....................................................................... 50
3.3.29 Logout ..................................................................................................................... 52
4
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ) ................................................................... 53
4.1 WHAT AND HOW TO FIND MY PC’S IPAND MAC ADDRESS? ............................................ 53
4.2 WHAT IS WIRELESS LAN?................................................................................................ 53
4.3 WHAT ARE ISM BANDS? ................................................................................................... 53
4.4 HOW DOES WIRELESS NETWORKING WORK? ................................................................... 53
4.5 WHAT IS BSSID?.............................................................................................................. 54
4.6 WHAT IS ESSID?.............................................................................................................. 54
4.7 WHAT ARE POTENTIAL FACTORS THAT MAY CAUSES INTERFERENCE? ............................. 54
4.8 WHAT ARE THE OPEN SYSTEM AND SHARED KEY AUTHENTICATIONS?........................... 55
4.9 WHAT IS WEP?................................................................................................................. 55
4.10 WHAT IS FRAGMENT THRESHOLD?................................................................................... 55
4.11 WHAT IS RTS (REQUEST TO SEND) THRESHOLD?.......................................................... 56
4.12 WHAT IS BEACON INTERVAL? ........................................................................................... 56
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4.13 WHAT IS PREAMBLE TYPE? .............................................................................................. 57
4.14 WHAT IS SSID BROADCAST? ........................................................................................... 57
4.15 WHAT IS WI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS (WPA)?................................................................. 57
4.16 WHAT IS WPA2?............................................................................................................... 57
4.17 WHAT IS 802.1X AUTHENTICATION?................................................................................. 58
4.18 WHAT IS TEMPORAL KEY INTEGRITY PROTOCOL (TKIP)?............................................... 58
4.19 WHAT IS ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES)?.................................................... 58
4.20 WHAT IS INTER-ACCESS POINT PROTOCOL (IAPP)? ...................................................... 58
4.21 WHAT IS WIRELESS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (WDS)? ..................................................... 58
4.22 WHAT IS UNIVERSAL PLUG AND PLAY (UPNP)?............................................................... 58
4.23 WHAT IS MAXIMUM TRANSMISSION UNIT (MTU) SIZE?................................................... 59
4.24 WHAT IS CLONE MAC ADDRESS?.................................................................................... 59
4.25 WHAT IS DDNS? .............................................................................................................. 59
4.26 WHAT IS NTP CLIENT?..................................................................................................... 59
4.27 WHAT IS VPN? ................................................................................................................. 59
4.28 WHAT IS IPSEC?.............................................................................................................. 59
4.29 WHAT IS WLAN BLOCK RELAY BETWEEN CLIENTS? ...................................................... 59
4.30 WHAT IS WMM? ............................................................................................................... 59
4.31 WHAT IS WLAN ACK TIMOUT?..................................................................................... 60
5.1 EXAMPLE ONE – PPPOE ON THE WAN ............................................................................... 61
5.2 EXAMPLE TWO – FIXED IP ON THE WAN.............................................................................. 63
WWW.X-MICRO.COM......................................................................................................................... 67
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Terminology
i
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ii
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1 Introduction
The X-Micro Wireless LAN Broadband Router is an affordable IEEE 802.11b/g wireless
LAN broadband router solution; setting SOHO and enterprise standard for high
performance, secure, manageable and reliable WLAN.
This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assign and other
WLAN router configuration. The description includes the implementation of the above
steps.
1.1Package contents
The package of the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router includes the following
items,
9
9
9
9
9
X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router
DC 7.5V Power Adapter
Quick installation Guide
CD-ROM
1.8M RJ-45 Cable Line
1.2Product Specifications
Product Name
X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router
Standard
802.11b/g(Wireless), 802.3(10BaseT), 802.3u(100BaseT)
54Mbps(Wireless), 100Mbps(Ethernet)
CCK(802.11b), OFDM(802.11g)
Data Transfer Rate
Modulation Method
Frequency Band
RF Output Power
Receiver Sensitivity
Operation Range
Antenna
2.4GHz – 2.497GJz ISM Band, DSSS
CCK< 17 dBm, OFDM< 13.5 dBm
802.11b -80 dBm@8%, 802.11g -68 dBm@5%
30 to 300 meters (depend on surrounding)
External Antenna
LED
Power, Active (WLAN/Ethernet)
Security
64 bit/ 128 bit WEP, WPA, WPA2, port filtering, IP filtering, MAC
filtering, port forwarding and DMZ hosting
One (WAN) Four (LAN) , 10/100BaseT, RJ45 connectors
LAN interface
Power Consumption 7.5V DC Power Adapter
Operating Temperature 0 ~ 50oC ambient temperature
Storage Temperature -20 ~ 70oC ambient temperature
Humidity
5 to 90 % maximum (non-condensing)
137x96x35mm
Dimension
1
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1.3 Product Features
Generic Router
¾
¾
Complies with IEEE 802.11b/g standard for 2.4GHz Wireless LAN.
Supports multi-operation (bridge/gateway/WISP) modes between wireless
and wired Ethernet interfaces.
¾
Supports 64-bit and 128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2 encryption/decryption
function to protect the wireless data transmission.
Supports IEEE 802.1x Authentication.
¾
¾
Support Wi-Fi Protected Access Authentication with Radius and Pre-Shared
Key mode.
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Supports Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP).
Supports Wireless Distribution System (WDS).
Supports IEEE 802.3x full duplex flow control on 10/100M Ethernet interface.
Supports DHCP server to provide clients auto IP addresses assignment.
Supports DHCP client for WAN interface auto IP address assignment from
ISP.
¾
¾
¾
¾
Supports PPPoE on WAN interface.
Supports PPTP Client on Ethernet WAN interface.
Supports clone MAC address function.
Supports firewall security with port filtering, IP filtering, MAC filtering, port
forwarding, trigger port, DMZ hosting and URL filtering functions.
Supports WEB based management and configuration.
Supports UPnP for automatic Internet access.
Supports Dynamic DNS service.
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Supports NTP client service.
Supports Log table and remote Log service.
Support Setup Wizard mode.
Support DoS (Denial of Service) function.
Support WMM function.
Support Ping watchdog.
Support QoS/Bandwidth Control function.
VPN Router
¾
¾
Supports Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection.
Supports IPSEC tunnel encryption(3DES/AES128) and
authentication(MD5/SHA1)
2
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1.4 Panel Description
Power LED
WLAN LED
LAN LED
WAN LED
LED Indicator
State
Description
On
The X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router
is powered on.
1. Power LED
Off
The X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router
is powered off.
Flashing
Off
2. WLAN LED
Data is transmitting or receiving on the
antenna.
No data is transmitting or receiving on the
antenna.
3. WAN LED
ACT
Flashing
Off
Data is transmitting or receiving on the
WAN interface.
No data is transmitting or receiving on the
WAN interface.
On
10/100M
Connection speed is 100Mbps on WAN
interface.
Off
Connection speed is 10Mbps on WAN
interface.
4. LAN LED
ACT
Flashing
Off
Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN
interface.
No data is transmitting or receiving on the
LAN interface.
On
10/100M
Connection speed is 100Mbps on LAN
interface.
3
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Antenna
Reset
LAN
Power
WAN
Interfaces
Description
1. Antenna
2. WAN
The Wireless LAN Antenna.
The RJ-45 socket allows WAN connection through a
Category 5 cable. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M
speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/
802.3u respectively.
3. LAN
The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through
Category 5 cables. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M
speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/
802.3u respectively.
4. Power
The power jack allows an external DC +7.5 V power
supply connection.
The external AC to DC adaptor provide adaptive power
requirement to the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband
Router.
4
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2 Installation
2.1Hardware Installation
Step 1: Place the Wireless LAN Broadband Router to the best optimum
transmission location. The best transmission location for your X-Micro
WLAN 11g Broadband Router is usually at the geographic center of your
wireless network, with line of sign to all of your mobile stations.
Step 2: Connect the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router to your wired network.
Connect the Ethernet WAN interface of X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband
Router by category 5 Ethernet cable to your switch/ hub/ xDSL modem or
cable modem. A straight-through Ethernet cable with appropriate cable
length is needed.
Step 3: Supply DC power to the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router. Use only
the AC/DC power adapter supplied with the X-Micro WLAN 11g
Broadband Router; it may occur damage by using a different type of
power adapter.
The hardware installation finished.
2.2Software Installation
¾
There are no software drivers, patches or utilities installation needed, but
only the configuration setting. Please refer to chapter 3 for software
configuration.
Notice: It will take about 55 seconds to complete the boot up sequence
after powered on the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router;
Power LED will be active, and after that the WLAN Activity LED
will be flashing to show the WLAN interface is enabled and
working now.
5
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3 Software configuration
There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have
the jobs done easily.
The X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router is delivered with the following factory
default parameters on the Ethernet LAN interfaces.
Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
WEB login User Name: <empty>
WEB login Password: <empty>
3.1 Prepare your PC to configure the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband
Router
For OS of Microsoft Windows 95/ 98/ Me:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The
Control Panel window will appear.
Note: Windows Me users may not see the Network control panel. If so, select
View all Control Panel options on the left side of the window
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network
window will appear.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed,
click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add
button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click
OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows
CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after
the TCP/IP installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
9
IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
9
8. Click OK and reboot your PC after completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000, XP:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The
Control Panel window will appear.
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2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up
Connections icon. Move mouse and double-click the Local Area
Connection icon. The Local Area Connection window will appear. Click
Properties button in the Local Area Connection window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed,
click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add
button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click
OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows
CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after
the TCP/IP installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
9
IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
9
8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows NT:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The
Control Panel window will appear.
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network
window will appear. Click Protocol tab from the Network window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed,
click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add
button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click
OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows
CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after
the TCP/IP installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
9
IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
9
8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.
3.2 Connect to the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router
Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explore, then enter 192.168.1.254
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on the URL to connect the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router.
3.3 Management and configuration on the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband
Router
3.3.1 Status
This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device,
includes system, wireless, Ethernet LAN and WAN configuration
information.
Screen snapshot – Status
Item
Description
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System
Uptime
It shows the duration since X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router
is powered on.
Firmware version
It shows the firmware version of X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband
Router.
Wireless
configuration
Mode
It shows wireless operation mode
Band
It shows the current wireless operating frequency.
It shows the SSID of this X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router.
The SSID is the unique name of X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband
Router and shared among its service area, so all devices
attempts to join the same wireless network can identify it.
It shows the wireless channel connected currently.
It shows the status of encryption function.
SSID
Channel Number
Encryption
BSSID
It shows the BSSID address of the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband
Router. BSSID is a six-byte address.
Associated Clients
TCP/IP configuration
Attain IP Protocol
IP Address
It shows the number of connected clients (or stations, PCs).
It shows type of connection.
It shows the IP address of LAN interfaces of X-Micro WLAN 11g
Broadband Router.
Subnet Mask
It shows the IP subnet mask of LAN interfaces of X-Micro WLAN
11g Broadband Router.
Default Gateway
It shows the default gateway setting for LAN interfaces outgoing
data packets.
DHCP Server
MAC Address
It shows the DHCP server is enabled or not.
It shows the MAC address of LAN interfaces of X-Micro WLAN
11g Broadband Router.
WAN configuration
Attain IP Protocol
It shows how the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router gets the
IP address. The IP address can be set manually to a fixed one or
set dynamically by DHCP server or attain IP by PPPoE / PPTP
connection.
IP Address
It shows the IP address of WAN interface of X-Micro WLAN 11g
Broadband Router.
Subnet Mask
It shows the IP subnet mask of WAN interface of X-Micro WLAN
11g Broadband Router.
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DNS1/DNS2/DNS3 It shows the DNS server information.
3.3.2 Setup Wizard
This page guides you to configure wireless broadband router for first time
Screen snapshot – Setup Wizard
I
Operation Mode
This page followed by Setup Wizard page to define the operation
mode.
Screen snapshot – Operation Mode
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II
Time Zone Setting
This page is used to enable and configure NTP client
Screen snapshot – Time Zone Settings
III LAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure local area network IP address and
subnet mask
Screen snapshot – LAN Interface Setup
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IV WAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure WAN access type
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup
V
Wireless Basic Settings
This page is used to configure basic wireless parameters like Band,
Mode, Network Type SSID, Channel Number, Enable Mac
Clone(Single Ethernet Client)
Screen snapshot – Wireless Basic Settings
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VI Wireless Security Setup
This page is used to configure wireless security
Screen snapshot – Wireless Security Setup
3.3.3 Operation Mode
This page is used to configure which mode wireless broadband router
acts
Screen snapshot – Operation Mode
Item
Description
Gateway
Traditional gateway configuration. It always
connects internet via ADSL/Cable Modem. LAN
interface, WAN interface, Wireless interface, NAT
and Firewall modules are applied to this mode
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Bridge
Each interface (LAN, WAN and Wireless) regards as
bridge. NAT, Firewall and all router’s functions are
not supported
Wireless ISP
Switch Wireless interface to WAN port and all
Ethernet ports in bridge mode. Wireless interface
can do all router’s functions
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
3.3.4 Wireless - Basic Settings
This page is used to configure the parameters for wireless LAN clients
that may connect to your Broadband Router. Here you may change
wireless encryption settings as well as wireless network parameters.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Basic Settings
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Item
Description
Disable Wireless LAN Click on to disable the wireless LAN data
Interface
Band
transmission.
Click to select 2.4GHz(B) / 2.4GHz(G) /
2.4GHz(B+G)
Mode
Click to select the WLAN AP / Client / WDS /
AP+WDS wireless mode.
Site Survey
The Site Survey button provides tool to scan the
wireless network. If any Access Point or IBSS is
found, you could choose to connect it manually
when client mode is enabled. Refer to 3.3.9 Site
Survey.
SSID
It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32
bytes long.
Channel Number
Associated Clients
Select the wireless communication channel from
pull-down menu.
Click the Show Active Clients button to open Active
Wireless Client Table that shows the MAC address,
transmit-packet, receive-packet and
transmission-rate for each associated wireless
client.
Enable Mac Clone
(Single Ethernet
Client)
Take Laptop NIC MAC address as wireless client
MAC address. [Client Mode only]
Enable Universal
Repeater Mode
SSID of Extended
Interface
Click to enable Universal Repeater Mode
Assign SSID when enables Universal Repeater
Mode.
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
3.3.5 Wireless - Advanced Settings
These settings are only for more technically advanced users who have a
sufficient knowledge about wireless LAN. These settings should not be
changed unless you know what effect the changes will have on your
X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router.
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Screen snapshot – Wireless Advanced Settings
Item
Description
Authentication Type
Click to select the authentication type in Open
System, Shared Key or Auto selection.
Fragment Threshold Set the data packet fragmentation threshold, value
can be written between 256 and 2346 bytes.
Refer to 4.10 What is Fragment Threshold?
RTS Threshold
Set the RTS Threshold, value can be written
between 0 and 2347 bytes.
Refer to 4.11 What is RTS(Request To Send)
Threshold?
Beacon Interval
Data Rate
Set the Beacon Interval, value can be written
between 20 and 1024 ms.
Refer to 4.12 What is Beacon Interval?
Select the transmission data rate from pull-down
menu. Data rate can be auto-select, 11M, 5.5M, 2M
or 1Mbps.
Preamble Type
Click to select the Long Preamble or Short
Preamble support on the wireless data packet
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transmission.
Refer to 4.13 What is Preamble Type?
Click to enable or disable the SSID broadcast
function.
Broadcast SSID
IAPP
Refer to 4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?
Click to enable or disable the IAPP function.
Refer to 4.20 What is Inter-Access Point
Protocol(IAPP)?
802.11g Protection
RF Output Power
Turbo Mode
Protect 802.11b user.
To adjust transmission power level.
Click to Enable/Disable turbo mode.(Only apply to
WLAN IC of Realtek).
Block Relay Between Click Enabled/Disabled to decide if blocking relay
Clients
packets between clients.
WMM
Click Enabled/Disabled to init WMM feature.
Set ACK timeout value. It shows current time in the
end.
ACK Timeout
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
3.3.6 Wireless - Security Setup
This page allows you setup the wireless security. Turn on WEP, WPA,
WPA2 by using encryption keys could prevent any unauthorized access to
your wireless network.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Security Setup
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Item
Description
Encryption
Select the encryption supported over wireless
access. The encryption method can be None, WEP,
WPA(TKIP), WPA2 or WPA2 Mixed
Refer to 4.9 What is WEP?
4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
4.16 What is WPA2(AES)?
4.17 What is 802.1X Authentication?
4.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
(TKIP)? 4.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES)?
Use 802.1x
While Encryption is selected to be WEP.
Click the check box to enable IEEE 802.1x
authentication function.
Authentication
Refer to 4.16 What is 802.1x Authentication?
WPA Authentication While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Mode
Click to select the WPAAuthentication Mode with
Enterprise (RADIUS) or Personal (Pre-Shared Key).
Refer to 4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA)?
Pre-Shared Key
Format
While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Select the Pre-shared key format from the pull-down
menu. The format can be Passphrase or Hex (64
characters). [WPA, Personal(Pre-Shared Key)
only]
Pre-Shared Key
Fill in the key value. [WPA, Personal(Pre-Shared
Key) only]
Enable
Click to enable Pre-Authentication. [WPA2/WPA2
Mixed only, Enterprise only]
Pre-Authentication
Authentication
RADIUS Server
Apply Changes
Set the IP address, port and login password
information of authentication RADIUS sever.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
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I
WEP Key Setup
Screen snapshot – WEP Key Setup
Item
Description
Key Length
Select the WEP shared secret key length from
pull-down menu. The length can be chose between
64-bit and 128-bit (known as “WEP2”) keys.
The WEP key is composed of initialization vector (24
bits) and secret key (40-bit or 104-bit).
Key Format
Select the WEP shared secret key format from
pull-down menu. The format can be chose between
plant text (ASCII) and hexadecimal (HEX) code.
Set the default secret key for WEP security function.
Value can be chose between 1 and 4.
Default Tx Key
Encryption Key 1
Encryption Key 2
Encryption Key 3
Encryption Key 4
Apply Changes
Secret key 1 of WEP security encryption function.
Secret key 2 of WEP security encryption function.
Secret key 3 of WEP security encryption function.
Secret key 4 of WEP security encryption function.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
Close
Click to close this WEP Key setup window.
WEP encryption key (secret key) length:
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3.3.7 Wireless - Access Control
If you enable wireless access control, only those clients whose wireless
MAC addresses are in the access control list will be able to connect to
your Access Point. When this option is enabled, no wireless clients will be
able to connect if the list contains no entries.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Access Control
Item
Description
Wireless Access
Control Mode
Click the Disabled, Allow Listed or Deny Listed of
drop down menu choose wireless access control
mode.
This is a security control function; only those clients
registered in the access control list can link to this
X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router.
Fill in the MAC address of client to register this
X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router access
capability.
MAC Address
Comment
Fill in the comment tag for the registered client.
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Reset
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Current Access
Control List
It shows the registered clients that are allowed to
link to this X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router.
Click to delete the selected clients that will be
access right removed from this X-Micro WLAN 11g
Broadband Router.
Delete Selected
Delete All
Click to delete all the registered clients from the
access allowed list.
3.3.8 WDS Settings
Wireless Distribution System uses wireless media to communicate with
other APs, like the Ethernet does. To do this, you must set these APs in
the same channel and set MAC address of other AP that you want to
communicate with in the table and then enable the WDS.
Screen snapshot – WDS Setup
Item
Description
Enable WDS
Click the check box to enable wireless distribution
system. Refer to 4.21 What is Wireless Distribution
System (WDS)?
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Comment
Fill in the comment tag for the registered AP.
Click the Apply Changes button to register the AP
to new configuration setting.
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Set Security
Click button to configure wireless security like
WEP(64bits), WEP(128bits), WPA(TKIP),
WPA2(AES) or None
Show Statistics
Delete Selected
It shows the TX, RX packets, rate statistics
Click to delete the selected clients that will be
removed from the wireless distribution system.
Click to delete all the registered APs from the
wireless distribution system allowed list.
Delete All
I
WDS Security Setup
Requirement: Set [Wireless]->[Basic
Settings]->[Mode]->AP+WDS
This page is used to configure the wireless security between APs.
Refer to 3.3.6 Wireless Security Setup.
Screen snapshot – WDS Security Setup
II
WDS AP Table
This page is used to show WDS statistics
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Screen snapshot – WDS AP Table
Item
Description
MAC Address
Tx Packets
It shows the MAC Address within WDS.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
wireless LAN interface.
Tx Errors
It shows the statistic count of error sent packets on
the Wireless LAN interface.
Rx Packets
It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the wireless LAN interface.
Tx Rare (Mbps)
Refresh
It shows the wireless link rate within WDS.
Click to refresh the statistic counters on the screen.
3.3.9 Site Survey
This page is used to view or configure other APs near yours.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Site Survey
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Item
Description
SSID
It shows the SSID of AP.
BSSID
Channel
Type
It shows BSSID of AP.
It show the current channel of AP occupied.
It show which type AP acts.
Encrypt
Signal
Select
Refresh
It shows the encryption status.
It shows the power level of current AP.
Click to select AP or client you’d like to connect.
Click the Refresh button to re-scan site survey on
the screen.
3.3.10 LAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure the parameters for local area network that
connects to the LAN ports of your X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router.
Here you may change the setting for IP address, subnet mask, DHCP,
etc.
Screen snapshot – LAN Interface Setup
Item
Description
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Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
DHCP
Fill in the subnet mask of LAN interfaces of this
WLAN Access Point.
Fill in the default gateway for LAN interfaces out
going data packets.
Click to select Disabled, Client or Server in
different operation mode of wireless Access Point.
DHCP Client Range Fill in the start IP address and end IP address to
allocate a range of IP addresses; client with DHCP
function set will be assigned an IP address from the
range.
Show Client
Click to open the Active DHCP Client Table window
that shows the active clients with their assigned IP
address, MAC address and time expired
information. [Server mode only]
DNS Server
Manual setup DNS server IP address.
Assign Domain Name and dispatch to DHCP clients.
It is optional field.
Domain Name
802.1d Spanning
Tree
Select to enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d
Spanning Tree function from pull-down menu.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to
be cloned. Refer to 4.24 What is Clone MAC
Address?
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
3.3.11 WAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure the parameters for wide area network that
connects to the WAN port of your X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router.
Here you may change the access method to Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE
or PPTP by click the item value of WAN Access Type.
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I
Static IP
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – Static IP
Item
Description
Static IP
Click to select Static IP support on WAN interface.
There are IP address, subnet mask and default
gateway settings need to be done.
IP Address
If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface,
fill in the IP address for it.
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface,
fill in the subnet mask for it.
If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface,
fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out
going data packets.
MTU Size
Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is
1400
DNS 1
DNS 2
DNS 3
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to
be cloned. Refer to 4.24 What is Clone MAC
Address?
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Enable Web Server Click the checkbox to enable web configuration from
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply
WAN side.
Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP response.
Enable IPsec pass
through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable IPSec packet pass
through
Enable PPTP pass
through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable PPTP packet pass
through
Enable L2TP pass
through on VPN
connection
Click the checkbox to enable L2TP packet pass
through
Set TTL value
Apply Changes
Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
II
DHCP Client
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – DHCP Client
Item
Description
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server.
Host Name
MTU Size
Fill in the host name of Host Name. The default
value is empty
Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is
1400
Attain DNS
Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP
support. Please select Set DNS Manually if the
DHCP support is selected.
Automatically
Set DNS Manually
Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP
support.
DNS 1
DNS 2
DNS 3
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to
be cloned. Refer to 4.24 What is Clone MAC
Address?
Enable uPNP
Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Refer to 4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play
(uPNP)?
Enable Web Server Click the checkbox to enable web configuration from
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply
WAN side.
Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP response.
Set TTL value
Apply Changes
Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
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III
PPPoE
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – PPPoE
Item
Description
PPPoE
Click to select PPPoE support on WAN interface.
There are user name, password, connection type
and idle time settings need to be done.
If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface,
fill in the user name and password to login the
PPPoE server.
User Name
Password
If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface,
fill in the user name and password to login the
PPPoE server.
Service Name
Fill in the service name of Service Name. The
default value is empty.
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setup the connection through PPPoE protocol
whenever you send the data packets out through the
WAN interface; there are a watchdog implemented
to close the PPPoE connection while there are no
data sent out longer than the idle time set.
Manual connection type means to setup the
connection through the PPPoE protocol by clicking
the Connect button manually, and clicking the
Disconnect button manually.
Idle Time
MTU Size
If you select the PPPoE and Connect on Demand
connection type, fill in the idle time for
auto-disconnect function. Value can be between 1
and 1000 minutes.
Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is
1400. Refer to 4.23 What is Maximum Transmission
Unit (MTU) Size?
Attain DNS
Click to select getting DNS address for PPPoE
support. Please select Set DNS Manually if the
PPPoE support is selected.
Automatically
Set DNS Manually
Click to select getting DNS address for Static IP
support.
DNS 1
DNS 2
DNS 3
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to
be cloned. Refer to 4.24 What is Clone MAC
Address?
Enable uPNP
Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Refer to 4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play
(uPNP)?
Enable Web Server Click the checkbox to enable web configuration from
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply
WAN side.
Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP response.
Set TTL value
Apply Changes
Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
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IV
PPTP
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – PPTP
Item
Description
PPTP
Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly
to secure the data transmission among the
connection. User can use embedded PPTP client
supported by this router to make a VPN connection.
If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill
in the IP address for it.
IP Address
Subnet Mask
If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill
in the subnet mask for it.
Server IP Address
User Name
Enter the IP address of the PPTP Server.
If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill
in the user name and password to login the PPTP
server.
Password
f you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill
in the user name and password to login the PPTP
server.
MTU Size
Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is
1400. Refer to 4.23 What is Maximum Transmission
Unit (MTU) Size?
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Encryption
encryption.
Attain DNS
Automatically
Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP
support. Please select Set DNS Manually if the
PPTP support is selected.
Set DNS Manually
Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP
support.
DNS 1
DNS 2
DNS 3
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to
be cloned. Refer to 4.24 What is Clone MAC
Address?
Enable uPNP
Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Refer to 4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play
(uPNP)?
Enable Web Server Click the checkbox to enable web configuration from
Access on WAN
Enable WAN Echo
Reply
WAN side.
Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP response.
Set TTL value
Apply Changes
Click to Enable and set Time to Live value.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
3.3.12 Firewall - Port Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets
from your local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such
filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.
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Screen snapshot – Firewall - Port Filtering
Item
Description
Enable Port Filtering Click to enable the port filtering security function.
Port Range
Protocol
To restrict data transmission from the local network
on certain ports, fill in the range of start-port and
end-port, and the protocol, also put your comments
on it.
Comments
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict data
from the ports.
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Apply Changes button to register the ports
to port filtering list.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected
Delete All
Click to delete the selected port range that will be
removed from the port-filtering list.
Click to delete all the registered entries from the
port-filtering list.
3.3.13 Firewall - IP Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets
from your local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such
filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.
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Screen snapshot – Firewall - IP Filtering
Item
Description
Enable IP Filtering
Local IP Address
Protocol
Click to enable the IP filtering security function.
To restrict data transmission from local network on
certain IP addresses, fill in the IP address and the
protocol, also put your comments on it.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict data
from the IP address.
Comments
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP
address to IP filtering list.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected
Delete All
Click to delete the selected IP address that will be
removed from the IP-filtering list.
Click to delete all the registered entries from the
IP-filtering list.
3.3.14 Firewall - MAC Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets
from your local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such
filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.
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Screen snapshot – Firewall - MAC Filtering
Item
Description
Enable MAC Filtering Click to enable the MAC filtering security function.
MAC Address
Comments
To restrict data transmission from local network on
certain MAC addresses, fill in the MAC address and
your comments on it.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict data
from the MAC address.
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Apply Changes button to register the MAC
address to MAC filtering list.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected
Delete All
Click to delete the selected MAC address that will be
removed from the MAC-filtering list.
Click to delete all the registered entries from the
MAC-filtering list.
3.3.15 Firewall - Port Forwarding
Entries in this table allow you to automatically redirect common network
services to a specific machine behind the NAT firewall. These settings
are only necessary if you wish to host some sort of server like a web
server or mail server on the private local network behind your Gateway's
NAT firewall.
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Screen snapshot – Firewall - Port Forwarding
Item
Description
Enable Port
Forwarding
IP Address
Protocol
Click to enable the Port Forwarding security
function.
To forward data packets coming from WAN to a
specific IP address that hosted in local network
behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address,
protocol, port range and your comments.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
The Port Range for data transmission.
Comments let you know about whys to allow data
packets forward to the IP address and port number.
Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP
address and port number to Port forwarding list.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Port Range
Comment
Apply Changes
Reset
Delete Selected
Click to delete the selected IP address and port
number that will be removed from the
port-forwarding list.
Delete All
Click to delete all the registered entries from the
port-forwarding list.
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3.3.16 Firewall – URL Filtering
URL Filtering is used to restrict users to access specific websites in
internet.
Screen snapshot – Firewall – URL Filtering
Item
Description
Enable URL Filtering Click to enable the URL Filtering function.
URL Address
Add one URL address.
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Apply Changes button to save settings.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected
Delete All
Click to delete the selected URL address that will be
removed from the URL Filtering list.
Click to delete all the registered entries from the
URL Filtering list.
3.3.17 Firewall - DMZ
A Demilitarized Zone is used to provide Internet services without
sacrificing unauthorized access to its local private network. Typically, the
DMZ host contains devices accessible to Internet traffic, such as Web
(HTTP) servers, FTP servers, SMTP (e-mail) servers and DNS servers.
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Screen snapshot – Firewall - DMZ
Item
Description
Enable DMZ
Click to enable the DMZ function.
DMZ Host IP Address To support DMZ in your firewall design, fill in the IP
address of DMZ host that can be access from the
WAN interface.
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP
address of DMZ host.
3.3.18 VPN Setting
This page is used to show VPN connection table, configure IPSEC VPN,
NAT Traversal, Generate RSA Key, Show RSA Public Key.
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Screen snapshot – VPN Setup
Item
Description
Enable IPSEC VPN Click to enable IPSEC VPN function. Refer to 4.27
What is VPN? and 4.28 What is IPSEC?
Enable NAT
Traversal
Click to enable NAT Traversal function.
Generate RSA Key Click to generate RSA key.
Show RSA Public
Key
Click to show RSA public key that we generate.
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to enable IPSEC
VPN, NAT Traversal settings.
Current VPN
Connection Table
Edit
It shows current WAN interface information and VPN
connection table.
Click to enter the current VPN tunnel configuration
page.
Delete
Click to delete the current VPN tunnel that radio
button stay.
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VPN Setup - Edit Tunnel
Screen snapshot – VPN Setup-Edit-1
Item
Description
Enable Tunnel #
Connection Name
Auth Type
Click to enable the IPSEC VPN current tunnel.
Assign the connection name tag.
Click to select PSK or RSA.
Local Site
Click to select Single Address or Subnet Address
VPN connection.
Fill in IP address or subnet address depends on
which Local Site option you choose.
Fill in the local subnet mask.
Local IP
Address/Network
Local Subnet Mask
Remote Site
Click to select Single Address, Subnet Address,
Any Address or NAT-T Any Address VPN remote
connection.
Remote Secure
Gateway
Fill in remote gateway IP address
Remote IP
Fill in IP address or subnet address depends on
which Remote Site option you choose.
Fill in remote subnet mask
Address/Network
Remote Subnet
Mask
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Screen snapshot – VPN Setup-Edit-2
Item
Description
Key Management
Advanced
Click to select IKE or Manual mode.
Click Advanced button to configure more IKE
settings.
Connection Type
Connect
Click to select Initiator or Responder mode.
Click to connect manually. [Responder mode only]
Click to disconnect manually. [Responder mode
only].
Disconnect
ESP
Click to configure 3DES, AES128 or NULL
encryption.
Click to configure MD5 or SHA1 authentication.
Fill in the key value. [IKE mode only]
Fill in the remote gateway RSA key. [IKE mode
only]
PreShared Key
Remote RSA Key
Status
SPI
It shows connection status. [IKE mode only]
Fill in Security Parameter Index value. [Manual
mode only]
Encryption Key
Authentication Key
Apply Change
Fill in encryption key. [Manual mode only]
Fill in authentication key. [Manual mode only]
Click the Apply Changes button to save current
tunnel settings.
Reset
Refresh
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
It shows the current connection status. [Manual
mode only]
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II
Advanced IKE Setup
Screen snapshot – Advanced VPN Settings for IKE
Item
Description
Phase 1
Negotiation Mode
Encryption Algorithm
Authentication
Algorithm
Main mode.
Click to select 3DES or AES128 encryption.
Click to select MD5 or SHA1 authentication.
Key Group
Click to select DH1(modp768), DH2(modp1024) or
DH5(modp1536) key group. Default value is DH2
Fill in the key life time value by seconds.
Key Life Time
Phase 2
Active Protocol
Encryption Algorithm
ESP.
Click to select 3DES, AES128 or NULL encryption.
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Key Life Time
Encapsulation
Perfect Forward
Secrecy (PFS)
Ok
Fill in the key life time value by seconds.
Tunnel mode.
Click to select ON or NONE.
Click the Ok button to save current tunnel settings.
3.3.19 Management - Statistics
This page shows the packet counters for transmission and reception
regarding to wireless, Ethernet LAN and Ethernet WAN networks.
Screen snapshot – Management - Statistics
Item
Description
Wireless LAN
Sent Packets
Wireless LAN
Received Packets
Ethernet LAN
Sent Packets
Ethernet LAN
Received Packets
Ethernet WAN
Sent Packets
Ethernet WAN
Received Packets
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
wireless LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the wireless LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the Ethernet LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet WAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on
the Ethernet WAN interface.
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3.3.20 Management - DDNS
This page is used to configure Dynamic DNS service to have DNS with
dynamic IP address.
Screen snapshot – Management – DDNS
Item
Description
Enable DDNS
Click the checkbox to enable DDNS service. Refer
to 4.25 What is DDNS?
Service Provider
Click the drop down menu to pickup the right
provider.
Domain Name
User Name/Email
Password/Key
Apply Change
To configure the Domain Name.
Configure User Name, Email.
Configure Password, Key.
Click the Apply Changes button to save the enable
DDNS service.
3.3.21 Management - Time Zone Setting
This page is used to configure NTP client to get current time.
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Screen snapshot – Management – Time Zone Settings
Item
Description
Current Time
Time Zone Select
Enable NTP client
update
It shows the current time.
Click the time zone in your country.
Click the checkbox to enable NTP client update.
Refer to 4.26 What is NTP Client?
Click select default or input NTP server IP address.
Click the Apply Changes button to save and enable
NTP client service.
NTP Server
Apply Change
Reset
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
3.3.22 Management – Denial-of-Service
This page is used to enable and setup protection to prevent attack by
hacker’s program. It provides more security for users.
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Screen snapshot – Management – Denial-of-Service
Item
Description
Enable DoS
Prevention
Click the checkbox to enable DoS prevention.
Whole System Flood Enable and setup prevention in details.
/ Per-Source IP
Flood…
Select ALL
Click the checkbox to enable all prevention items.
Click the checkbox to disable all prevention items.
Clear ALL
3.3.23 Management - Log
This page is used to configure the remote log server and shown the
current log.
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Screen snapshot – Management – Log
Item
Description
Enable Log
System all
Wirelessy
Click the checkbox to enable log.
Show all log of wireless broadband router
Only show wireless log
Only show Denial-of-Service log
Click the checkbox to enable remote log service.
Input the remote log IP address
DoS
Enable Remote Log
Log Server IP
Address
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to save above
settings.
Refresh
Click the refresh the log shown on the screen.
3.3.24 Management - Upgrade Firmware
This page allows you upgrade the Access Point firmware to new version.
Please note, do not power off the device during the upload because it
may crash the system.
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Screen snapshot – Management - Upgrade Firmware
Item
Description
Select File
Click the Browse button to select the new version of
web firmware image file.
Upload
Click the Upload button to update the selected web
firmware image to the X-Micro WLAN 11g
Broadband Router.
3.3.25 Management Save/ Reload Settings
This page allows you save current settings to a file or reload the settings
from the file that was saved previously. Besides, you could reset the
current configuration to factory default.
Screen snapshot – Management - Save/Reload Settings
Item
Description
Save Settings to File
Click the Save button to download the configuration
parameters to your personal computer.
Load Settings from
File
Click the Browse button to select the configuration
files then click the Upload button to update the
selected configuration to the X-Micro WLAN 11g
Broadband Router.
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Default
parameter to factory defaults.
3.3.26 Management - Password Setup
This page is used to set the account to access the web server of Access
Point. Empty user name and password will disable the protection.
+
Screen snapshot – Management - Password Setup
Item
Description
User Name
Fill in the user name for web management login
control.
New Password
Fill in the password for web management login
control.
Confirmed Password Because the password input is invisible, so please
fill in the password again for confirmation purpose.
Apply Changes
Clear the User Name and Password fields to
empty, means to apply no web management login
control.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
3.3.27 Management - WatchDog
This page is used to do watchdog function using ping command. User
set IP address, interval and ping fail count conditions to decide whether
router reboots or not.
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Screen snapshot – Management – WatchDog Settiing
Item
Description
Enable WatchDog
WatchDog IP
Address
Click to enable watchdog.
IP address that is referred.
Ping Interval
Ping Fail to reboot
Count
Fill in the value by seconds.
Fill in the value that is the threshold to reboot router
when ping fails.
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
3.3.28 Management - Quality of Service
This page is used to do bandwidth control by ip address. User sets total
and undefined bandwidth first. Then set bandwidth by range of ip
addresses.
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Screen snapshot – Management – Qaulity of Service
Item
Description
Enable QoS
ISP Bandwidth
Download
Click to enable QoS.
Fill in the value that is the download stream from ISP
by KB/s.
Upload
Fill in the value that is the upload stream from ISP by
KB/s.
Undef IP Bandwidth
Download
Define the download bandwidth that is not defined.
Define the upload bandwidth that is not defined.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting.
Upload
Apply Changes
Item
Description
Bandwidth Control
IP Address Range
Guarantee Bandwidth
Download
Set start and end ip address.
Fill in the value by KB/s.
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Piority
Click to pick High, Medium or Low
Apply Changes
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the
new configuration setting. It is added into Current
Bandwidth Control Table.
Reset
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover
the previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected
Click to delete the selected ip addresses that will be
removed from the Current Bandwidth Control
Table.
Delete All
Click to delete all the registered entries from the ip
addresses Current Bandwidth Control Table.
3.3.29 Logout
This page is used to logout web management page. This item will be
activated next time you login after you define user account and
password.
Screen snapshot – Logout
Screen snapshot – Logout - OK
Item
Description
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4 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
4.1What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?
IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network.
Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of
the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written
as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For
example, 191.168.1.254 could be an IP address.
The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware
number. (On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When
you're connected to the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet
protocol thinks of it), a correspondence table relates your IP address to your
computer's physical (MAC) address on the LAN.
To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,
9
9
Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.
Type in ipconfig /all then press the Enter button.
¾
Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC
address is the one entitled Physical Address.
4.2What is Wireless LAN?
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the
need for any wired connections to the user’s machine.
4.3What are ISM bands?
ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The
ISM bands are located at 915 +/- 13 MHz, 2450 +/- 50 MHz and 5800 +/- 75
MHz.
4.4How does wireless networking work?
The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In
infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point
connected to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations.
This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set
(ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs forming a single subnetwork. Since most
corporate WLANs require access to the wired LAN for services (file servers,
printers, Internet links) they will operate in infrastructure mode.
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Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode
Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service
Set, or IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate
directly with one another without using an access point or any connection to a
wired network. This mode is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless
network anywhere that a wireless infrastructure does not exist or is not required
for services, such as a hotel room, convention center, or airport, or where access
to the wired network is barred (such as for consultants at a client site).
Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode
4.5What is BSSID?
A six-byte address that distinguishes a particular a particular access point from
others. Also know as just SSID. Serves as a network ID or name.
4.6What is ESSID?
The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to
access. It is used to identify different wireless networks.
4.7What are potential factors that may causes interference?
Factors of interference:
¾
¾
Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.
Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs.
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¾
Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.
Solutions to overcome the interferences:
9
9
9
Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.
Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.
Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves,
monitors, electric motors, … etc.
9
Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.
4.8What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?
IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open
system and shared key. Under open system authentication, any wireless station
can request authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with another
wireless station sends an authentication management frame that contains the
identity of the sending station. The receiving station then returns a frame that
indicates whether it recognizes the sending station. Under shared key
authentication, each wireless station is assumed to have received a secret
shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the 802.11 wireless
network communications channel.
4.9What is WEP?
An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to
a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared
encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame
bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.
WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop
with a wireless Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The
secret key is used to encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an
integrity check is used to ensure that packets are not modified in transit.
4.10 What is Fragment Threshold?
The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in
IEEE 802.11 to achieve parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented
into several fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By tuning the
fragment threshold value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The determination
of an efficient fragment threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the
fragment threshold is small, the overlap part of the master and parallel
transmissions is large. This means the spatial reuse ratio of parallel
transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold, the overlap is
small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold leads
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to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and
fragment overhead.
Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets
larger than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented.
If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send
packets, for example). You may want to try lowering your fragmentation
threshold. This will cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These
small fragments, if corrupted, can be resent faster than a larger fragment.
Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll want to keep this value as close to
the maximum value as possible.
4.11 What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold?
The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed
by the RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short
packets to be transmitted without RTS/CTS transactions. Each station can have
a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds
the defined RTS threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the
transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits
for the receiving station to send back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before
sending the actual packet data.
This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a
high network load, there will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS
threshold, there may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve.
Basically, with a faster RTS threshold, the system can recover from problems
faster. RTS packets consume valuable bandwidth, however, so setting this value
too low will limit performance.
4.12 What is Beacon Interval?
In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11
includes management and control frames that support data transfer. The beacon
frame, which is a type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a
wireless LAN, enabling stations to establish and maintain communications in an
orderly fashion.
Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions.
Before a station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval
to know when to wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are
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buffered frames at the access point).
4.13 What is Preamble Type?
There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long
preamble basically gives the decoder more time to process the preamble. All
802.11 devices support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to
improve efficiency (for example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the
two is in the Synchronization field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is
56 bits.
4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?
Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your
access point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world
around it. By disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match
the SSID of the access point.
Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example
the D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware
supports operation with SSID disabled, it's not a bad idea to run that way to
enhance network security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or
other protections.
4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been
viewed as insufficient for securing confidential business communications. A
longer-term solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard, is under development. However,
since the IEEE 802.11i standard is not expected to be published until the end of
2003, several members of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of the
IEEE 802.11i task group to develop a significant near-term enhancement to
Wi-Fi security. Together, this team developed Wi-Fi Protected Access.
To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA
software upgrade. Clients will require a software upgrade for the network
interface card, and possibly a software update for the operating system. For
enterprise networks, an authentication server, typically one that supports
RADIUS and the selected EAP authentication protocol, will be added to the
network.
4.16 What is WPA2?
It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i
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amendment to the 802.11 standard.
4.17 What is 802.1x Authentication?
802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard
encapsulates and leverages much of EAP, which was defined for dial-up
authentication with Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284.
Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL
messages that convey the shared key information critical for wireless security.
4.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?
The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE
802.11i encryption standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of
WEP, the Wired Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless
LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a
re-keying mechanism, thus fixing the flaws of WEP.
4.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?
Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S.
government’s next-generation cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES
and 3DES.
4.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?
The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point
Vendor interoperability, enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet.
IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and
between the IAPP and high layer management entities to support roaming. The
IAPP protocol uses TCP for inter-Access Point communication and UDP for
RADIUS request/response exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to update the
forwarding tables of Layer 2 devices.
4.21 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?
The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to
other APs via wireless channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service.
4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?
UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and
control points. The ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP
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devices regardless of media, operating system, programming language, and
wired/wireless connection.
4.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is
larger than this value will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP
negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU and will be
accepted. The actual MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the smaller one of
MTU and the peer’s MRU. The default is value 1400.
4.24 What is Clone MAC Address?
Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the
clients to register to a server machine with one identified MAC address.
Since that all the clients will communicate outside world through the X-Micro
WLAN 11g Broadband Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the
X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router will solve the issue.
4.25 What is DDNS?
DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for
user own the DNS server with dynamic WAN IP address.
4.26 What is NTP Client?
NTP client is designed for fetching the current timestamp from internet via
Network Time protocol. User can specify time zone, NTP server IP address.
4.27 What is VPN?
VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating
point-to point private link via shared or public network.
4.28 What is IPSEC?
IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data securely
under VPN.
4.29 What is WLAN Block Relay Between Clients?
An Infrastructure Basic Service Set is a BSS with a component called an Access
Point (AP). The access point provides a local relay function for the BSS. All
stations in the BSS communicate with the access point and no longer
communicate directly. All frames are relayed between stations by the access
point. This local relay function effectively doubles the range of the IBSS
4.30 What is WMM?
WMM is based on a subset of the IEEE 802.11e WLAN QoS draft standard.
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WMM adds prioritized capabilities to Wi-Fi networks and optimizes their
performance when multiple concurring applications, each with different latency
and throughput requirements, compete for network resources. By using WMM,
end-user satisfaction is maintained in a wider variety of environments and traffic
conditions. WMM makes it possible for home network users and enterprise
network managers to decide which data streams are most important and assign
them a higher traffic priority.
4.31 What is WLAN ACK TIMOUT?
ACK frame has to receive ACK timeout frame. If remote does not receive in
specified period, it will be retransmitted.
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5 Configuration Examples
5.1 Example One – PPPoE on the WAN
Sales division of Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support
mobile communication on sales’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects
information and plans the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router implementation
by the following configuration.
WAN configuration:
PPPoE
User Name
Password
H890123456
PW192867543210
LAN configuration
IP Address
192.168.1.254
255.255.255.0
0.0.0.0
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
DHCP
Range
Client 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.200
WLAN configuration
SSID
MyWLAN
Channel Number 11
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
DHCP range: 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200
Ethernet
Cable
Ethernet cable
xDSL/ CM
Internet
DHCP client
Bridge mode
Power adapter
PPPoE connection parameters:
User Name: H890123456
Passwrod: pw192867543210
Figure 3 – Configuration Example One – PPPoE on the WAN
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Configure the WAN
interface:
Open WAN Interface
Setup page, select PPPoE
then enter the User Name
“H890123456” and
Password
“PW192867543210”, the
password is encrypted to
display on the screen.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
Configure the LAN interface:
Open LAN Interface
Setup page, enter the IP
Address “192.168.1.254”,
Subnet Mask
“255.255.255.0”, Default
Gateway “0.0.0.0”,
enable DHCP Server,
DHCP client range
“192.168.1.100” to
“192.168.1.200”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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Configure the WLAN
interface:
Open WLAN Interface
Setup page, enter the
SSID “MyWLAN”,
Channel Number “11”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
5.2 Example Two – Fixed IP on the WAN
Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile
communication on all employees’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects
information and plans the X-Micro WLAN 11g Broadband Router implementation
by the following configuration.
WAN configuration:
Fixed IP
IP Address
192.168.2.254
255.255.255.0
192.168.2.10
168.95.1.1
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
DNS Address
LAN configuration
IP Address
192.168.1.254
255.255.255.0
192.168.2.254
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
DHCP
Range
Client 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.200
WLAN configuration
SSID
MyWLAN
Channel Number 11
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SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 11
DHCP client
DHCP range: 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200
WAN IP: 192.168.2.254/ 255.255.255.0
Ethernet
Cable
Ethernet cable
192.168.2.10/ 255.255.255.0
xDSL/ CM
Internet
DHCP client
Router mode
Power adapter
Figure 4 – Configuration Example Two – Fixed IP on the WAN
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Configure the WAN
interface:
Open WAN Interface
Setup page, select
Fixed IP then enter IP
Address
“192.168.2.254”,
subnet mask
“255.255.255.0”,
Default gateway
“192.168.2.10”.
Press
button to confirm the configuration setting.
Configure the LAN interface:
Open LAN Interface
Setup page, enter the
IP Address
“192.168.1.254”,
Subnet Mask
“255.255.255.0”,
enable DHCP Server,
DHCP client range
“192.168.1.100” to
“192.168.1.200”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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Configure the WLAN
interface:
Open WLAN Interface Setup
page, enter the SSID
“MyWLAN”, Channel Number
“11”.
Press button to confirm the configuration setting.
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