Texas Instruments Weather Radio SERIES 525 RAINFALL SENSORS User Manual

COMPLETE WEATHER STATION  
USER’S MANUAL  
TEXAS ELECTRONICS, INC.  
5529 Redfield St. Dallas, TX 75235  
Phone (214) 631-2490  
P.O. Box 7225 Dallas, TX 75209  
Toll Free (800) 424-5651  
Fax (214) 631-4218  
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ORDERING INFORMATION  
Model #  
TR-525I  
Description  
Rain Gauge, 6.06” collector, English  
(Please specify for calibration of 0.2 mm/tip)  
TR-525USW Rain Gauge, 8.00” collector, English  
TR-525M Rain Gauge, 25 mm collector, Metric  
Optional Parts / Accessories  
HOBO  
MB-525  
FC-525  
BB-525  
HT-525  
Cable  
Event Datalogger and Software  
Pole Mounting Base  
Field Calibration Kit  
Bird Repellant  
Heater, 120 VAC  
Additional Cable  
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MODEL 525  
TIPPING BUCKET RAIN GAUGE TRANSMITTER  
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS  
A clear and unobstructed mounting location is necessary to obtain accurate rainfall readings.  
This transmitter has provisions for mounting two ways, surface mounting and mast mounting. Surface  
mounting is recommended where possible. The transmitter housing MUST be mounted in a LEVEL position  
and in a location free from vibration. If mast mounted, make sure that the mast is properly guyed so that  
vibration in high winds is kept to a minimum.  
THE FOLLOWING IS VERY IMPORTANT:  
After the final transmitter installation has been made, remove the top gold funnel portion of the transmitter and  
observe the black tipping bucket. It should NOT (repeat NOT) be held in a dead center position by the  
magnetic attraction of the bucket magnet and the hermetically sealed magnetic switch. Press either end of the  
bucket down against the stop to be sure that it is not centered.  
The transmitter to indicator connecting cable may be either shortened or lengthened as required.  
The funnel and tipping bucket mechanism should be cleaned periodically. An accumulation of dirt, bugs, etc.  
on the tipping bucket will adversely affect the calibration.  
FIELD CALIBRATION  
TR-525USW  
Absolutely accurate calibration can be obtained only with laboratory equipment, but an approximate field check  
can be easily made. The tipping bucket mechanism is a simple and highly reliable device. The transmitter must  
be located in a clear area, away from trees, buildings, etc. It must also be mounted level. Accurate readings  
will not be obtained unless the transmitter is mounted in a level position. The mechanism must be clean. Any  
accumulation of foreign material, dust, etc. will alter the calibration of this unit. The transmitter must be  
calibrated with the rate of flow of water through the tipping bucket mechanism under control. At least 36  
seconds should be allowed to fill one side of the tipping bucket. This represents a maximum flow rate of on  
inch of rain per hour. If the flow rate is increased, then the instrument will read low (if properly calibrated).  
Decreasing the rate of flow will not materially affect the calibration. The reason for this is obvious if the  
tipping bucket assembly is observed when the weight if this water starts to tip the bucket. Some time is  
required for the bucket to tip (a few milliseconds). During the first 50% of this time, water flows into the empty  
bucket. The amount of water flowing during the first 50% of the time is error, the faster the flow rate, the  
greater the error. Now at flow rates of one inch per hour (100 bucket fillings) or less, the water actually drips  
into the bucket rather than flowing. Under this condition, the bucket tips between drips, and no error water is  
added to a full moving bucket.  
TO CHECK CALIBRATION:  
A field calibration kit is available from Texas Electronics, Inc. Model No. FC-525 is a kit that consists of a  
holding tank, pre-measured beaker, two orifices, cleaning tools and instructions.  
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FIELD CALIBRATION  
TR-525I & TR-525M  
Absolutely accurate calibration can be obtained only with laboratory equipment, but an approximate field check  
can be easily made. The tipping bucket mechanism is a simple and highly reliable device. The transmitter must  
be located in a clear area, away from trees, buildings, etc. It must also be mounted level. Accurate readings  
will not be obtained unless the transmitter is mounted in a level position. The mechanism must be clean. Any  
accumulation of foreign material, dust, etc. will alter the calibration of this unit. The transmitter must be  
calibrated with the rate of flow of water through the tipping bucket mechanism under control. At least 36  
seconds should be allowed to fill one side of the tipping bucket. This represents a maximum flow rate of on  
inch of rain per hour. If the flow rate is increased, then the instrument will read low (if properly calibrated).  
Decreasing the rate of flow will not materially affect the calibration. The reason for this is obvious if the  
tipping bucket assembly is observed in operation…with water falling into one side of the tipping bucket, there  
comes a point when the weight of this water starts to tip the bucket. Some time is required for the bucket to tip  
(a few milliseconds). During the first 50% of this tipping time, water continues to flow into the filled bucket;  
the last 50% of this tipping time, water flows into the empty bucket. The amount of water flowing during the  
first 50% of the time is error, the faster the flow rate the greater the error. Now at flow rates of one inch per  
hour (100 bucket fillings) or less, the water actually drips into the bucket rather than flowing. Under this  
condition, the bucket tips between drips, and no error water is added to a full moving bucket.  
TO CHECK CALIBRATION:  
A field calibration kit is available from Texas Electronics, Inc. Model No. FC-525 is a kit that consists of a  
holding tank, pre-measured beaker, two orifices, cleaning tools and instructions.  
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MODEL TTH-1315 TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY SENSOR  
DESCRIPTION  
The Texas Electronics, Inc. Model TTH-1315 Sensor utilized a Rotronics HygroClip S3 Humidity Temperature  
Probe with interchangeable sensing elements that do not require calibration.  
The unit is encased in a corrosive-resistant spun aluminum radiation shield that allows for wind aspiration and  
protection from the sun's UV rays. The shield is finished in white baked-enamel to provide for virtual cosmetic  
invisibility while reflecting much of the radiant heat from surrounding objects and the sun.  
Overcurrent protection is provided in a NEMA 4X enclosure that is mounted to the angled mounting bracket on  
the sensor. Tranzorbs are utilized to protect the sensor and signal conditioning units in an overcurrent situation.  
With DC voltage applied to the sensor, the unit will return signal voltages that are linear to the range of the  
instrument. Signal conditioning is applied to ensure proper voltages are returned and can be amplified or  
modified to a current output to connect to any analog signal processing unit.  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Humidity Sensor:  
ROTRONIC HygromerÒ C94  
(capacitive)  
RTD Pt100 Ohm, 1/3 DIN  
Temperature Sensor:  
Sensor Protection:  
Wire Mesh filter (standard) /  
foam filter (optional)  
Measuring Range:  
0-100 % Relative Humidity  
-40° to +140°F (-40° to +60°C)  
Temperature  
Operating Limits:  
Same as measuring range  
Accuracy at  
73°F / 23°C:  
+/- 1.5% RH and +/- 0.5°F /  
0.3°C - standard calibration  
+/- 1.0% RH and +/- 04°F / 0.2°C  
- special calibration (optional)  
Better than 0.5% RH and 0.1°C/  
32.18°F  
Repeatability:  
Analog output signals:  
0…100% RH = 0…1V  
(minimum load >10k ohm)-  
40…+140°F = 0…1V (-  
40…+60°C)  
Analog Signal Resolution 0.02%  
RH and 0.1°F  
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Sampling Time:  
<0.7 sec  
Maximum cable length:  
5 m / 15 ft. for direct output  
Up to 100 m / 325 ft. with signal  
amplifier  
Bayonet cap on mounting  
connector  
Connection Type:  
Protection grade:  
Supply voltage:  
Current consumption:  
IP65 (probe to connector)  
3.5 … 50VDC  
<4 mA  
Minimum excitation time:  
EMC compatibility (CE):  
<4 sec  
EN-50081-2, EN-50082-2  
Material:  
Polycarbonate, white  
Dimensions:  
Length: 100 mm (3.94")  
Diameter: 15 mm (0.59")  
Weight:  
14 g / 0.5 oz.  
FEATURES & BENEFITS  
Combines Temperature and Humidity onto one sensing unit  
Rotronics HygroClip S3 has interchangeable sensing elements requiring no calibration  
Stacked plate construction of shelter provides natural ventilation  
Quick-Release mounting bracket allows for easy installation and maintenance  
Aluminum radiation shield is lightweight and extremely durable  
White baked-enamel finish reflects most radiant heat from sun and surrounding objects  
INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE  
The radiation shield with sensing element can be pole or mast mounted. Whenever possible, sensors should be  
installed at a height of 4 ft. (1.2 meters) or greater over earth or sod at least 100 ft. (30.48 meters) away from  
any concrete or other hard-surfaced area and not closer to any other object than four times the height of the  
object above the instrument shelter or remote sensors. Avoid roof installations if possible. If it is necessary to  
roof-mount shelters and sensors, they should not be closer than 30 ft. (9.14 meters) to any large, vertical  
reflecting surface (walls, etc.), exhaust fans, or cooling towers. Electronic remote sensors when roof-mounted  
should be at least 9 ft. (2.74 meters) or greater above the roof surface. To minimize radiation effects from the  
roof, they can also be mounted on a horizontal boom so that they will extend from the side of the building roof  
or tower assembly.  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
Model #  
Description  
TTH-1315  
Temperature & Humidity Sensor  
TTH-1315A Temperature & Humidity Sensor, 4-20 Ma  
Optional Parts / Accessories  
H50  
Cable  
Interior Humidity Sensing element only  
Additional Cable  
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MODEL TD-4 WIND DIRECTION SENSOR  
DESCRIPTION  
The Texas Electronics, Inc. TD-4 Wind Direction Sensor is a mechanical style wind meter that measures the  
horizontal wind azimuth. This unit combines small physical size with superior bearings to meet the EPA's  
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) starting threshold requirements.  
The TD-4 wind direction sensor is a freestanding device for measuring the direction of wind. The sensor  
consists of a vane and counterweight assembly, which is mechanically coupled to a potentiometer (variable  
resistor). As the vane rotates in the wind, the potentiometer changes resistance proportionally to the direction of  
wind.  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Operating Range:  
0-360° mechanical  
Signal Presentation:  
5000 ohm potentiometer,  
10000 ohm potentiometer, or  
Analog 4-20 mA  
0-355° electrical range  
3 VDC excitation minimum  
0-357° electrical range  
3 VDC excitation minimum  
0-355° electrical range  
10-30 VDC  
5000 ohm output:  
10000 ohm output:  
Analog 4-20 mA output:  
Performance:  
Accuracy:  
+/- 3.0°  
Starting Threshold:  
Resolution:  
0.6 mph (0.27 m/s)  
1°  
Potentiometer Linearity:  
+/- 1.0%  
Environmental:  
Operational Envelope:  
Temperature:  
Relative Humidity:  
0-135 mph (0 to 60 m/s)  
-40 to 160° F (-40 to 70° C)  
0-100%  
Physical:  
Vane Overall Length:  
Overall Height:  
Turning Radius:  
Weight:  
8.5" (21.6 cm)  
6.75" (17.2 cm)  
13" (33 cm)  
0.5 lbs (0.23 kg) less cable  
APEC 3 or better  
Bearings:  
Mounting Base:  
Screw attachment, 10-32 machine  
screw  
Cable:  
60' (18.3 m) 3 conductor 22 gauge  
Warranty:  
3 year  
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FEATURES & BENEFITS  
Superior low starting threshold  
Long life hybrid dual wiper potentiometer  
No plastic parts for extremely long life  
Precision stainless steel bearings for stability and repeatability  
Crossarm included with purchase of matching wind speed sensor  
Easy installation and maintenance  
Over 25 years in production  
Lightweight and rugged anodized aluminum exterior  
INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE  
Installation consists of threading the 10-32 mounting base into our crossarm or any other suitable beam. If a  
crossarm is used, the entire unit can be bolted to a mast or attached via U-bolts.  
The sensor is dynamically calibrated at the factory and due to the nature of its operation should not require field  
calibration. Calibration is a matter of proper orientation during installation. A magnetic compass is  
recommended for proper orientation. Field maintenance should include occasional cleaning of the vane  
assembly and inspection of the internal mechanism to make sure it is free from insects and debris. In some  
applications users may need to occasionally verify and document sensor accuracy with a calibration dial/vane.  
Possible bearing and potentiometer replacement every three to five years to maintain low starting threshold.  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
Model #  
Description  
TD-4  
TD-410  
TD-4A  
Wind Direction Sensor, Light Industrial  
Wind Direction Sensor, Light, 10K  
Wind Direction Sensor, Light, 4-20 mA  
*
Sensor is designed to work with TV-4 series wind speed sensors.  
Optional Parts / Accessories  
Cable Additional Cable  
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MODEL TV-4 WIND SPEED SENSOR  
DESCRIPTION  
The Texas Electronics, Inc. TV-4 Wind Speed Sensor is a mechanical style anemometer that measures the  
horizontal velocity of wind. This unit combines small physical size with superior bearings to meet the EPA's  
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) starting threshold requirements.  
The TV-4 wind speed sensor is a freestanding device for measuring air velocity. The sensor consists of a  
lightweight 3-cup anemometer, which electromechanically converts wind speed into a measurable electronic  
signal.  
The output signal can be presented in 3 optional forms: a pulsed DC signal, an AC frequency, or a conditioned  
analog signal. Each output has a specific application. The pulsed DC signal is used where high-accuracy is  
needed and continuous power is not a problem. The AC frequency output is used in situations where power  
consumption is critical. And finally, the conditioned analog signal is used to easily and quickly communicate  
with virtually all digital control systems such as PLC's or SCADA systems.  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Operating Range:  
0-100 mph  
Signal Presentation:  
Pulsed DC output - light chopper  
AC Frequency, or Analog, 4-20 mA  
(Please specify)  
Pulsed DC output:  
20-slot disc  
Input Power:  
+5.0 VDC @ 5mA (typical)  
1 MPH = 520 pulses/min.  
100 MPH = 52000 pulses/min.  
26 mV/MPH (typical)  
0.133 Hz/MPH  
(Other voltages available upon request)  
AC Frequency output:  
Analog 4-20 mA out:  
Input Power:  
Input Power:  
None (self-generating)  
10-36 VDC  
4 mA = 0 MPH  
20 mA = 100 MPH  
Performance:  
Accuracy:  
+/- 2.0 mph (0.89 m/s)  
Distance Constant:  
Starting Threshold:  
> 21.7' (6.6 m)  
0.6 mph (0.27 m/s)  
Environmental:  
Operational Envelope:  
Temperature:  
0-135 mph (0 to 60 m/s)  
-40 to 160° F (-40 to 70° C)  
0-100%  
Relative Humidity:  
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Physical:  
Cup Wheel Diameter:  
Overall Height:  
Turning Radius:  
Cup Diameter:  
6.0" (15.3 cm)  
4.75" (12.1 cm)  
3.0" (7.6 cm)  
2.0" (5.1 cm)  
Bearings:  
Mounting Base:  
Weight:  
APEC 3 or better  
Screw attachment, 10-32 machine screw  
0.5 lbs (0.23 kg) less cable  
Cable:  
60' (18.3 m) 3 conductor 22 gauge  
Warranty:  
3 year  
FEATURES & BENEFITS  
Superior low starting threshold due to small physical size  
No plastic parts for extremely long life  
Precision stainless steel bearings for stability and repeatability  
Crossarm included with purchase of matching wind direction sensor  
Easy installation and maintenance  
Over 5 years in production  
Lightweight and rugged anodized aluminum exterior  
INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE  
Installation consists of threading the 10-32 mounting base into our crossarm or any other suitable beam. If a  
crossarm is used, the entire unit can be bolted to a mast or attached via U-bolts.  
The sensor is dynamically calibrated at the factory and due to the nature of its operation should not require field  
calibration. Field maintenance should include occasional cleaning of the cup assembly and inspection of the  
internal mechanism to make sure it is free from insects and debris. In some applications users may need to  
occasionally verify and document sensor accuracy with a synchronous test motor. Other possible routine  
maintenance is to replace the bearing housing assembly every three to five years to maintain low starting  
threshold.  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
Model #  
TV-4  
Description  
Wind Speed Sensor, Light Industrial  
(Specify supply voltages other than 5 VDC)  
Wind Speed Sensor, AC Generator  
Wind Speed Sensor, Analog 4-20 mA  
TV-4AC  
TV-4A  
*Sensor is designed to work with TD-4 wind direction sensor.  
Optional Parts / Accessories  
Cable  
Additional Cable  
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MODEL SP-LITE SOLAR RADIATION SENSOR  
DESCRIPTION  
The Texas Electronics, Inc. SP-Lite Solar Radiation Sensor utilizes a Kipp & Zonen Silicon pyranometer  
mounted in a white baked-enamel finished aluminum bracket that provides a stable upward-facing installation.  
It measures the solar energy that is received from the entire hemisphere (180 degrees field of view). The output  
is expressed in Watts per square meter.  
The pyranometer is designed for continuous outdoor use. Its calibration is valid for natural sunlight only, but  
not for artificial light. In its most frequent application, the pyranometer is used for measuring the solar radiation  
emitting on the horizontal surface.  
The sensor consists of a photodiode; housing, mounting bracket with cable junction box attached, and cable. A  
resistance shunts the photodiode. This is done to generate a voltage output. The photodiode and the material on  
top of it determine most electrical specifications. It is encapsulated in the housing in such a way that it has a  
field of view of 180 degrees and that its angular characteristics fulfill the "Cosine Response".  
The nominal output resistance of the pyranometer is 50 Watts. This implies that the input impedance of the  
readout equipment should be at least 5000 Ohms in order to make an error of less than 0.1%.  
Cable can be extended without problems to a length of 328 ft. or 100 meters, provided that cable resistance is  
less than 0.1% of the input impedance of the readout equipment.  
The electrical sensitivity of the photodiode changes with the temperature. A nominal value for this is 0.2%  
change per degree Celsius. Calibration is done at 20°C (68°F).  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Electrical:  
Impedance (nominal): 50 Ohms  
Response time: < 1 sec.  
Sensitivity (nominal): 100 uV/W/m2  
Expected signal range under atmospheric conditions: 0 to 0.2V  
Stability: <+/- 2% per year  
Non-linearity: < 1% up to 1000 W/m2  
Temperature dependence of sensitivity: +/- 0.15%/°C  
Spectral:  
Spectral range: 0.4 to 1.1 nm  
Detector type: SILICON photo diode  
Directional:  
Cosine corrected between 80° angle of incidence, error: within +/- 10%  
Cosine errors averaged over opposite azimuth error (at 60° angle of  
incidence): within +/- 10%  
Tilt response: no error  
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Mechanical:  
Material of housing: Anodized aluminum contained in white baked-  
enamel finished aluminum mounting bracket  
Cable length: 60 ft.  
Dimensions: Height from surface to top of level Pyranometer - - 6.25"  
(15.87 cm)  
Width - 2.75 " (6.98 cm)  
Length - 8.25 " (20.95 cm)  
Weight: 3 lbs. (1.36 kg.) with 60 ft. cable  
Environmental:  
Cable:  
Working temperature range - -30° to +70°C (-22° to +158°F)  
60 ft. (18.28 meters)  
3 year  
Warranty:  
FEATURES & BENEFITS  
SP-Lite is an all-weather instrument  
Designed for continuous outdoor use  
Complies with "Cosine Response"  
Full 180-degree field of view for complete hemispheric measurement  
Contained in lightweight and rugged white baked-enamel finished aluminum mounting bracket  
INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE  
Installation:  
The site for an upward-facing pyranometer should be free from any significant obstructions above the plane of  
the sensing element and should be readily accessible. If practicable, instrument should be located so that (1.) a  
shadow will not be cast on it at any time (e.g. by radio masts, etc.); (2.) it is not close to light-colored walls or  
other objects likely to reflect sunlight onto it; and (3.) it is not exposed to artificial radiation sources. A flat roof  
provides the best location, or a rigid stand with a horizontal upper surface some distance from building  
structures or other obstructions. The stand should be sufficiently rigid that the horizontal position of the  
receiving surface does not change, especially during high winds. Precautions should be taken to avoid  
subjecting the instrument to severe shocks or vibration.  
Calibration / Cleaning Frequency:  
Recalibration is suggested every two years, preferably by letting a higher standard run parallel during two sunny  
days and comparing daily totals.  
The sensor should be kept clean, using water or alcohol.  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
Model #  
Description  
SP-Lite  
Solar Radiation Sensor  
SP-Lite-A  
Solar Radiation Sensor, 4-20 mA  
Optional Parts / Accessories  
Cable  
Additional Cable available upon request  
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MICRO  
SWITCH  
USA  
U1  
Texas Electronics, Inc.  
5529 Redfield St.  
P1  
P2  
Dallas, Tx 75235  
C99  
C1  
C4  
Model TB-2012M Barometer  
C3  
U2  
D3  
D2  
R21  
R11  
R12  
R8  
R3  
R4  
R2  
TB1  
Remove cover of TB-2012M and adjust  
for local pressure.  
R9  
R1  
C98  
R18  
R19  
R20  
R22  
REF  
D4  
R13  
R14  
R16  
Refer to Pressure vs Voltage/Current  
Table under the Barometer section of  
the service manual.  
D1  
C5  
C2  
C7  
R17  
R15  
C6  
SPAN  
NULL  
ELECTRIC BAROMETER  
MODEL NO. TB-2012M  
S/N 102795  
U3  
MODEL TB-2012M BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR  
(Shown with cover removed)  
DESCRIPTION  
The Texas Electronics, Inc. TB-2012M Barometric Pressure Sensor uses an active solid-state device to sense  
barometric pressure. Self-contained electronics provide a regulated voltage to the solid-state sensor and  
amplification for the signal output. The unit's range of 26" to 32" or 878 mb to 1080 mb of mercury allows it to  
be used at elevations up to 1800 feet or 548.64 meters above sea level. The unit is temperature compensated  
from -18° to +50°C. if elevations above 1800 feet or 548.64 meters are required, contact the factory for higher  
elevation calibration.  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Calibration Range:  
Supply Voltage:  
Current Draw:  
26" to 32" or 878 mb to 1080 mb  
12 to 15 VDC  
<15 mA  
Accuracy:  
+/- 1.3mb  
-40° to +50°C  
Operating Temperature Range:  
Calibrated Temperature Range:  
Output:  
-18° to +50°C  
0-1 VDC  
Optional Output:  
Weight:  
4-20 mA  
2 lb. or 8.9 N or .907 kg. w/ 60 ft. or 18.3 meters cable  
Dimensions:  
6" or 15.24 cm H x 5" or 12.7 cm W x 3" or 7.62 cm D  
(Single enclosure: double enclosure also available)  
Warranty:  
3 year  
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FEATURES & BENEFITS  
Interfaces to virtually all data acquisition systems  
Can be used up to 1800 ft. elevation without factory modification  
Over 1800 ft. elevation applications available  
Easy installation and maintenance  
Over 5 years in production  
Weatherproof Nema Enclosure for superior outdoor protection  
Wide range of 26" to 32" Hg. or 878 to 1080 mb  
INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE  
Select a site where the instrument will not be subject to rapid fluctuations of temperature or to jarring and  
continuous vibration. Avoid exposing the instrument to direct sunlight or radiant heaters and to direct drafts  
such as open windows and doors. A mounting bracket with hardware is attached to the Nema enclosure of the  
sensor.  
ORDERING INFORMATION  
Model #  
Description  
TB-2012M  
Barometric Pressure Sensor  
TB-2012MA  
Barometric Pressure Sensor, 4-20 mA  
Optional Parts / Accessories  
Cable  
Additional Cable  
High Elevation:  
Applications of higher than 1800 ft. or 548.64 meters above sea-level require factory  
modification.  
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PROPER EXPOSURE OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS  
Generally recognized guidelines follow which depict "ideal" sensor mounting locations. These guidelines or  
"rules of thumb" are only suggestive in nature in an attempt to aid the user to selecting optimum representative  
sampling locations for a particular sensor.  
Reference was made to US Weather Bureau Installation criteria in preparing this data (See Reference 1).  
WIND EQUIPMENT:  
So far as available sites permit, wind sensors should be placed above the ground on a freely-exposed tower (20  
feet or higher) and over terrain that is relatively level and free from obstructions to wind flow. When a  
compromise must be made, sensing units should be exposed at least 12 feet above any obstruction within 100  
feet and at least as high as any obstruction within 100 to 200 feet of the wind equipment. Support towers or  
masts should not be of such bulk or shape as to create an appreciable obstruction to wind flow. Avoid sites  
where local obstructions may create up-or-down drafts, eddy currents or jet-flow effects. When sensors are  
roof-mounted, they should be installed at least 10 feet (or greater) from the roof surface depending upon the  
particular installation site. Turbulence and other local effects can be reduced somewhat by mounting sensors on  
the upwind and of the building (that end of the building exposed to the most common local prevailing winds).  
Horizontal-mount booms which extend from existing towers should be fabricated so that sensors will extend a  
distance of 5 to 10 feet from the tower assembly (dependent on tower thickness).  
Wind direction sensors are oriented upon installation in reference to either true north or magnetic north. True  
north is obtained by applying a local magnetic variation correction factor to a magnetic north compass  
indication (magnetic variation for a particular locality is obtainable from the nearest Weather Bureau Branch  
Office). Indicator readings for a true north sensor orientation will then be in terms of true geographic compass  
points. All U.S. Weather Bureau surface wind data used for observational network reporting purposes and  
general public use is given in reference to this true north format. Indicator readings for a magnetic north sensor  
orientation will be in terms of actual readings as would be obtained from directly viewing a magnetic compass  
instrument. Wind direction data at Federal Aviation Agency and other aircraft reporting facilities (for direct  
control tower-to-pilot utilization) is always made in reference to this magnetic north format.  
REMOTE TEMPERATURE/HUMIDITY SENSORS AND INSTRUMENT SHELTERS:  
Whenever possible, instrument shelters* as well as remote temperature and/or humidity sensors should be  
installed at a height of 4 feet (or greater) over earth or sod at least 100 feet from any concrete or other hard-  
surfaced area and not closer to any other object than four times the height of the object above the instrument  
shelter or remote sensors. Avoid roof installations if possible. If it is necessary to roof-mount shelters and  
sensors, they should not be closer than 30 feet to any large, vertical reflecting surface (walls, etc.), exhaust fans,  
or cooling towers. Electronic remote sensors when roof-mounted should be at least 9 feet (or greater) above the  
roof surface. To minimize radiation effects from the roof, they can also be mounted on a horizontal boom so  
that they will extend from the side of a building roof or existing tower. Horizontal booms should extend  
approximately 5 to 10 feet from the side of the building roof or tower assembly.  
*
Standard U.S. Weather Bureau cotton-region shelter (Spec. No. 450.0615, Rev. 8/67)  
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PRECIPITATION GAUGES:  
Rain gauges should be installed on a level plot of ground, at a distance from any object of at least two and  
preferably four times the height of the object above the top of the gauge. All types of gauges must be exposed  
with the rim of the receiver in a horizontal plane and at a level well above the average level of snow surfaces.  
Roof-mounting of rain gauges should be avoided when possible. Air currents at heights other than at ground  
level have been observed to cause an apparent decrease in rainfall catch commensurate with the increase in  
mounting height above ground level.  
Objects which individually or in small groups constitute a "windbreak" reduce prevailing wind speed in the  
vicinity of the gauge. This reduction of wind speed will, as a consequence, also reduce possible eddy currents  
and turbulence around the gauge. The presence of such objects is usually beneficial in providing a more  
accurate rainfall catch. Ideally, the "windbreak" objects (fences, bushes, etc.) should be generally uniform in  
height and distance from the gauge. Height above the gauge should not exceed about twice their distance from  
the gauge.  
ANEROID BAROMETERS - SELF-CONTAINED MECHANICAL INSTRUMENTS AND  
ELECTRONIC REMOTE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSORS:  
Select a site where the instrument will not be subject to rapid fluctuations of temperature or to jarring and  
continuous vibration. Avoid exposing the instrument to direct sunlight or radiant heaters and to direct drafts  
such as open windows and doors.  
Reference 1:  
U.S. Department of Commerce - National Weather Service Bulletin  
LS 5927 Revised, 0-4.12, January, 1963.  
SOLAR RADIATION SENSORS:  
The Solar Radiation Sensor is normally mounted on a level surface totally remote from trees, poles, or power  
lines that might cast a shadow on the sensor at any time of the day. However, there may be occasions, because  
of extreme latitudes, when it is desired to mount the sensor at some angle other than level.  
The sensors may also be mounted on a sun tracking mechanism or behind a shadow band if diffuse sky  
radiation is to be measured.  
WIND DIRECTION & SPEED SENSORS  
INSTALLATION  
These instructions apply to roof-top installation. We advise that you first read over these instructions before  
beginning assembly as several referenced items are not supplied with your weather equipment (this is because  
most every installation is unique thus these parts are best obtained by the installer). Reference to the "U-Tube  
Cross-Bar Installation" figure and ".Sensor Installation" figure may be helpful.  
Step 1: Attach the three anemometer cups to the speed sensor head.  
Loosen the three set screws on the top of the anemometer (lower unit).  
Insert the anemometer cup arms into the holes. Be sure to press the arms all the way in and make  
sure that the flat areas on the arms face toward the set screws.  
Tighten the set screws.  
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Step 2: Attach wind vane and counter-weight to the direction sensor head.  
Loosen the two set screws on the top of the wind vane (upper unit).  
Insert the vane and counter-weight into the holes. Be sure to press both parts all the way in and  
make sure the flat areas on each arm face the set-screws.  
Tighten the set screws.  
Note: For optimum performance and maximum bearing longevity you may wish to fine-tune the  
balance of both wind sensors. Place the U-tube flat on a table such that the sensors hang over the  
edge. Rotate the vane and the cup in 10 degree increments. After positioning the vane and cups  
verify that there is no movement after releasing your hold (this must be done in a wind-free  
environment). Balance adjustments are made by loosening the set screw to the lighter cup,  
counter-weight or fin and shifting it slightly away from the sensor head.  
Step 3: Attach cross-bar to U-tube.  
Spread end clamps and slide over the U-tube.  
Insert cross-bar into the ends of both clamps.  
Fasten cross-bar in a level position with screws, nuts and washers.  
Step 4: Attach U-bolts to cross-bar and U-tube.  
Remove the two nuts and reinforcing plate from both U-bolts (do not remove the toothed bracket).  
Insert one U-bolt through the two holes in the cross-bar and the other through the two holes in the  
bottom of the U-arm (be careful not to damage the wires inside the U-arm).  
Replace the tube reinforcing plate on the U-bolt and replace the U-bolt nuts.  
Step 5: Slip the U-bolts over the mast and tighten.  
Make certain that the anemometer cups do not hit the mast.  
Step 6: Attach guy wire clamp just below the U-tube assembly.  
Step 7: Attach base mount to the roof or side wall.  
Note that the base mount U-bolt will rotate to fit any angle.  
Step 8: Install guy wire anchors (not included) or locate secure points for guy wire attachment.  
Step 9: Erect mast and install guy wires (not included) and turn-buckles (not-included).  
Step 10: Ground the mast to help protect the sensors and structure from lightning hits.  
Supplies needed: mast wire clamp, grounding wire, wire supports and grounding rod.  
Step 11: Run the sensor wire inside to the console.  
Lead in wire is permanently attached to the sensor unit.  
Attach to console according to wire color code.  
If necessary the cable may be cut down in length or wire may be added with negligible effect on the  
calibration. If changing cable lengths more than a few hundred feet you may wish contact the  
factory to determine the severity of the effect on calibration.  
Additional cable lengths are available from Texas Electronics if needed.  
Step 12: Calibrate the Wind Vane.  
Be sure console is operating properly first.  
This is normally a two man job with one individual watching the direction indicated by the weather  
station and the other adjusting the sensor while watching a compass.  
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Two methods of aligning the vane are available. The first method involves loosening the large set  
screw at the bottom of the wind direction sensor so that it will rotate on the U-arm. Turn the bottom  
half of the sensor until the compass readings and the indication match then retighten the set screw.  
The second method involves rotating the entire mast assembly until proper orientation is achieved;  
this technique is usually easier because of the heights involved but will usually necessitate  
repositioning (rotating) of the guy-wire clamp.  
If winds are creating rapid fluctuations in the vane making calibration difficult, the vane can be  
temporarily secured in a fixed position by carefully wedging a thickly folded piece of paper or  
cardboard into the gap between the upper and lower halves of the direction sensor. An alternative  
technique is to lap a string over the vane and carefully hold it in position (be careful not to bend the  
vane when using this approach).  
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Warranty  
Texas Electronics, Inc. (hereafter TEI) warrants the equipment manufactured by it  
to be free from defects in material and workmanship. Upon return, transportation  
charges prepaid to TEI, within three (3) years of original shipment of sensors and  
one (1) year of original shipment of electronics, recorders and indicators, TEI will  
repair or replace, at its option, any equipment which it determines to contain  
defective material or workmanship, and will return said equipment to purchaser,  
F.O.B., TEI. Texas Electronics shall not be obligated however to repair or replace  
equipment which has been repaired by others, abused, improperly installed,  
altered or otherwise misused or damaged in any way. TEI will not be responsible  
for any dismantling, re-assembly, or reinstallation charges.  
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. TEI shall  
not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages  
claimed in connection with any rescission of this agreement by purchaser.  
For a list of specific items covered by the extended warranty, see the Three-Year  
Warranty Equipment List.  
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Three-Year Warranty Equipment List  
Effective February 1, 1992 all of Texas Electronics, Inc. sensors will carry a Three-Year warranty instead of the previous  
One-Year. The remainder of terms and conditions of the warranty remains unchanged. A specific list of items follows.  
Sensors Covered by Three-Year Warranty  
Parameter  
Model No.  
Wind Direction  
TD-105 (Synchro)  
TD-104D (Potentiometer)  
TD-110-L2 (Photo-Chopper)  
TD-106 (Potentiometer)  
Wind Speed  
TV-110-L2 (Photo-Chopper)  
TV-110-L3 (Photo-Chopper)  
TV-114 (A.C. Generator)  
TB-2012  
TH-2013  
Barometric Pressure  
Relative Humidity  
TH-2013V  
Rainfall  
TR-525  
TR-6118  
Temperature  
TT-101 (Outdoor)  
TT-103R (Surface Mount)  
TT-103R-W (Water Probe)  
TT-309I (Indoor)  
TS-100  
Solar Radiation  
Systems Covered by Three-Year Warranty  
Model No. Description  
WSC-5-S  
Wind Speed Controller  
Single Set Point  
WSC-5-ST  
WSC-5-D  
WSC-5-DT  
WDC-2  
Wind Speed Controller  
Single Set Point with Time Delay  
Wind Speed Controller  
Dual Set Point  
Wind Speed Controller  
Dual Set Point with Time Delay  
Wind Direction Controller  
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