Embedded Web System User Guide
TL-SG3109
9-port Gigabit Managed Switch
TL-SL3428
24+4G Gigabit Managed Switch
TL-SL3452
48+4G Gigabit Managed Switch
Rev: 1.0
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Guide Overview................................................................................................................................1
Intended Audience ...........................................................................................................................2
Section 1. Getting Started.............................................................................. 3
1.1 Configuring the device to use TP-Link Embedded Web Interface ........................................3
1.2 Starting the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface .....................................................................3
1.3 Understanding the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface..........................................................4
1.3.1 Device Representation.........................................................................................................5
1.4 Using Screen and Table Options.............................................................................................6
1.4.1 Adding Configuration Information.........................................................................................6
1.4.2 Modifying Configuration Information....................................................................................6
1.5 Deleting Configuration Information .........................................................................................6
1.6 Resetting the Device................................................................................................................7
1.7 Logging Off from the Device....................................................................................................7
3.1 Configuring Daylight Savings Time.........................................................................................9
3.2 Configuring SNTP................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.1 SNTP Overview ................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.1.1 Polling for Unicast Time Information.............................................................................. 12
3.2.1.2 Polling for Anycast Time Information ............................................................................. 12
3.2.1.3 Polling for Broadcast Time Information.......................................................................... 12
3.2.2 Defining SNTP Global Settings......................................................................................... 13
3.2.3 Configuring SNTPAuthentication ..................................................................................... 13
3.2.4 Defining SNTP Servers ..................................................................................................... 14
3.2.5 Defining SNTP Interface Settings ..................................................................................... 15
4.1 Defining General Log Properties.......................................................................................... 17
4.2 Viewing Memory Logs.......................................................................................................... 18
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4.3 Viewing Flash Logs............................................................................................................... 18
4.4 Defining System Log Servers............................................................................................... 19
5.1 Configuring Management Security ...................................................................................... 21
5.1.1 Configuring Authentication Methods................................................................................. 21
5.1.1.1 Defining Access Profiles.................................................................................................. 21
5.1.1.2 Defining Profile Rules..................................................................................................... 23
5.1.1.3 Defining Authentication Profiles ..................................................................................... 24
5.1.1.4 Mapping Authentication Profiles..................................................................................... 25
5.1.1.5 Defining TACACS+ Host Settings.................................................................................. 27
5.1.1.6 Defining RADIUS Server Settings ................................................................................. 28
5.1.2 Configuring Passwords...................................................................................................... 30
5.1.2.1 Defining Local Users....................................................................................................... 30
5.1.2.2 Defining Line Passwords................................................................................................ 31
5.1.2.3 Defining Enable Passwords........................................................................................... 31
5.2 Configuring Network Security............................................................................................... 31
5.2.1 Network Security Overview............................................................................................... 32
5.2.1.1 Port-Based Authentication ............................................................................................. 32
5.2.1.2 Advanced Port-Based Authentication............................................................................ 32
5.2.2 Defining Network Authentication Properties..................................................................... 32
5.2.2.1 Defining Port Authentication Properties......................................................................... 33
5.2.2.2 Configuring Multiple Hosts ............................................................................................. 34
5.2.2.3 Defining Authentication Hosts........................................................................................ 35
5.2.3 Configuring Traffic Control................................................................................................. 36
5.2.3.1 Managing Port Security.................................................................................................. 36
5.2.3.2 Enabling Storm Control .................................................................................................. 37
6.1 Defining IPAddressing ......................................................................................................... 39
6.1.1 Defining IPAddresses ....................................................................................................... 39
6.1.2 Defining the Default Gateway ........................................................................................... 40
6.1.3 Defining DHCPAddresses................................................................................................ 40
6.1.4 Defining ARP...................................................................................................................... 41
6.2 Defining Domain Name System........................................................................................... 42
6.2.1 Defining DNS Servers ....................................................................................................... 42
6.2.2 Configuring Host Mapping................................................................................................. 43
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7.1 Configuring Ports .................................................................................................................. 45
7.2 Configuring LAGs.................................................................................................................. 47
7.2.1 Defining LAG Members..................................................................................................... 47
7.2.2 Configuring LACP.............................................................................................................. 48
7.3 Configuring VLANs............................................................................................................... 49
7.3.1 Defining VLAN Properties ................................................................................................. 49
7.3.2 Defining VLAN Membership.............................................................................................. 50
7.3.3 Defining VLAN Interface Settings ..................................................................................... 51
7.3.4 Configuring GARP............................................................................................................. 52
7.3.4.1 Defining GARP................................................................................................................ 52
7.3.5 Defining GVRP................................................................................................................... 53
8.1 Configuring Static Addresses............................................................................................... 55
8.2 Configuring Dynamic Forwarding Addresses...................................................................... 56
9.1 Configuring the Classic STP ................................................................................................ 58
9.1.1 Defining STP Properties.................................................................................................... 58
9.1.2 Defining STP Interface Settings........................................................................................ 59
9.2 Configuring the Rapid STP................................................................................................... 61
9.3 Configuring the Multiple STP................................................................................................ 62
9.3.1 Defining MSTP Properties................................................................................................. 62
9.3.2 Configuring MSTP Instances ............................................................................................ 63
9.3.3 Configuring MSTP VLAN Instances ................................................................................. 64
9.3.4 Configuring MSTP Interface Settings ............................................................................... 64
10.1 Configuring Multicast Forwarding ...................................................................................... 66
10.2 Defining Multicast Bridging Groups.................................................................................... 67
10.3 Defining Multicast Forward All Parameters........................................................................ 69
11.1 SNMP v1 and v2c ............................................................................................................... 70
11.2 SNMP v3 ............................................................................................................................. 70
11.3 Defining SNMP Security..................................................................................................... 70
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11.3.1 Defining SNMP Global Parameters ................................................................................ 71
11.3.2 Defining SNMP Views...................................................................................................... 71
11.3.3 Defining SNMP Group Profiles........................................................................................ 72
11.3.4 Defining SNMP Group Members .................................................................................... 73
11.3.5 Defining SNMP Communities.......................................................................................... 75
11.3.5.1 SNMP Communities Basic Table................................................................................. 75
11.3.5.2 SNMP Communities Advanced Table.......................................................................... 75
11.4 Configuring SNMP Notification Settings ............................................................................ 76
11.4.1 Defining SNMP Notification Properties........................................................................... 76
11.4.2 Defining Notification Filters.............................................................................................. 76
11.4.3 Defining Notification Receivers........................................................................................ 77
11.4.3.1 SNMPv1,2c Notification Recipient............................................................................... 78
11.4.3.2 SNMPv3 Notification Recipient.................................................................................... 78
12.1 Quality of Service Overview............................................................................................... 80
12.1.1 Mapping to Queues......................................................................................................... 80
12.1.2 QoS Modes...................................................................................................................... 81
12.1.2.1 Basic QoS Mode........................................................................................................... 82
12.1.2.2 Advanced QoS Mode................................................................................................... 82
12.2 Enabling Quality of Service ................................................................................................ 82
12.2.1 Enabling Quality of Service............................................................................................. 82
12.2.2 Defining Queues.............................................................................................................. 83
12.3 Mapping Queues ................................................................................................................ 84
12.3.1 Mapping CoS Values to Queues..................................................................................... 84
12.3.2 Mapping QoS Values to Queues .................................................................................... 84
13.1 Downloading System Files................................................................................................. 86
13.1.1 Download Type................................................................................................................ 86
13.1.2 Firmware Download......................................................................................................... 87
13.1.3 Configuration Download.................................................................................................. 87
13.2 Uploading System Files...................................................................................................... 87
13.2.1 Upload Type..................................................................................................................... 87
13.2.2 Software Image Upload .................................................................................................. 88
13.2.3 Configuration Upload....................................................................................................... 88
13.3 Activating Image Files......................................................................................................... 88
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13.4 Copying System Files......................................................................................................... 88
14.1 Configuring Port Mirroring .................................................................................................. 90
14.2 Viewing Integrated Cable Tests.......................................................................................... 91
14.3 Viewing Optical Transceivers............................................................................................. 92
Section 15. Viewing Statistics..................................................................... 93
15.1 Viewing Interface Statistics................................................................................................. 93
15.1.1 Viewing Device Interface Statistics................................................................................. 93
15.1.2 Viewing Etherlike Statistics.............................................................................................. 94
15.1.3 Viewing GVRP Statistics ................................................................................................. 95
15.1.4 Viewing EAP Statistics..................................................................................................... 96
15.2 Managing RMON Statistics................................................................................................ 96
15.2.1 Viewing RMON Statistics ................................................................................................ 97
15.2.2 Configuring RMON History.............................................................................................. 98
15.2.2.1 Defining RMON History Control................................................................................... 98
15.2.2.2 Viewing the RMON History Table ................................................................................ 99
15.2.3 Configuring RMON Events............................................................................................ 100
15.2.3.1 Defining RMON Events Control................................................................................. 100
15.2.3.2 Viewing the RMON Events Logs............................................................................... 101
15.2.4 Defining RMON Alarms................................................................................................. 101
Glossary ........................................................................................................104
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Preface
The Embedded Web System (EWS) is a network management system. The TP-Link Embedded Web Interface configures,
monitors, and troubleshoots network devices from a remote web browser. The TP-Link Embedded Web Interface web pages
are easy-to-use and easy-to-navigate. In addition, the TP-Link Embedded Web Inter-face provides real time graphs and
RMON statistics to help system administrators monitor network performance.
This preface provides an overview to the TP-Link Embedded Interface User Guide.
This preface includes the following sections:
Guide Overview
IntendedAudience
Guide Overview
This user guide is divided into the following sections to provide concise information for configuring, and managing the TP-Link
device:
Section 1. Getting Started — Provides information about using the EWS, including the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface,
management, and information buttons, as well as information about adding, modifying, and deleting devices.
Section 2. Defining Device Information — Provides information about opening the device zoom view, defining general
system properties, and enabling Jumbo frames.
Section 3. Setting the System Time — Provides information about configuring system time parameters, includ-ing Daylight
Savings Time (DST) and Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP).
Section 4. Configuring System Logs — Provides information about enabling and defining system logs.
Section 5. Configuring Device Security — Provides information about configuring device security for management
security, traffic control, and network security.
Section 7. Configuring Interfaces — Provides information about configuring system interfaces, ports, port groups (LAGs)
and protocols (LACP). Provides information about configuring and managing VLANs, including VLAN GARP and VLAN
GVRP.
Section 6. Defining IP Addresses — Provides information about defining device IP addresses, ARP, and Domain Name
Servers (DNS).
Section 8. Defining the Forwarding Database — Provides information about configuring and managing both static and
dynamic MAC addresses.
Section 9. Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol — Provides information about configuring Spanning Tree Protocol
(STP) including the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP).
Section 10. Configuring Multicast Forwarding — Provides information about Multicast Forwarding.
Section 11. Configuring SNMP Management — Provides information about Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
management, including defining SNMP v1,v2c, and v3, SNMP filters and notifications.
Section 12. Configuring Quality of Service — Provides information about configuring Quality of Service parameters on the
device.
Section 13. Managing System Files — Provides information about downloading, uploading, and copying system files.
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Section 14. Performing Device Diagnostics — Provides information about port mirroring configuration, copper and fiber
cables testing, and viewing device health information.
Section 15. Viewing Statistics — Provides information about viewing device statistics, including Remote Monitoring On
Network (RMON) statistics, and device history events.
Intended Audience
This guide is intended for network administrators familiar with IT concepts and network terminology.
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Section 1. Getting Started
This section provides an introduction to the user interface, and includes the following topics:
Configuring the device to use TP-Link Embedded Web Interface
Starting the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface
Understanding the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface
Using Screen and Table Options
Resetting the Device
Logging Off from the Device
1.1 Configuring the device to use TP-Link Embedded Web Interface
When the device is received, the Embedded Web Interface can not be accessed until the device is properly configured. To
use TP-Link Embedded Web Interface, use the console interface to assign an IP address and subnet mask on the default
VLAN, and add a super-user with the highest privilege level (15) which is allowed to log onto the device via Embedded Web
Interface. Below is an example:
console> en
console# config
console(config)# username admin password admin level 15
console(config)# interface vlan 1
console(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
console(config-if)# exit
console(config)# exit
console# copy running-config startup-config
01-Jan-2000 01:02:49 %COPY-I-FILECPY: Files Copy - source URL running-config destination URL flash://
startup-config
01-Jan-2000 01:02:50 %COPY-W-TRAP: The copy operation was completed successfully
Copy succeeded
The above example uses the following assumptions:
The user name and password are both "admin"
The IP address assigned to the default VLAN is 192.168.1.1
The subnet mask for the network is 255.255.255.0
Once the device is configured as above, you can open the Embedded Web Interface authentication page by typing the URL
"http://192.168.1.1/" into the location bar of the web browser. And then use "admin" as both the user name and password to
log onto the device.
For more detailed information on how to configure the device via console interface, read "Section 4. Starting and Configuring
the Device" in the TP-Link Installation Guide.
1.2 Starting the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface
This section contains information on starting the TP-Link Embedded Web interface.
Note:
Disable the popup blocker before beginning device configuration using the EWS.
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To access the TP-Link user interface:
1. Open an Internet browser.
2. Ensure that pop-up blockers are disabled. If pop-up blockers are enable, modify, add, and device information messages
may not open.
3. Enter the device IP address in the address bar and press Enter. The Login Page opens:
Figure 1: Login Page
4. Enter your user name and password.
Note:
Passwords are case sensitive.
To operate the device, disable all pop-ups with a popup
blocker.
For information on using the CLI to define default
passwords, see the TP-Link CLI Reference Guide.
5. Click
. The TP-Link Embedded Web Interface Home Page opens:
Figure 2: TP-Link Embedded Web Interface Home Page
The TP-Link Embedded Web Interface Home Page
contains the following views:
Port LED Indicators — Located at the top of the home
page, the port LED indicators provide a visual repre-
sentation of the ports on the TP-Link front panel.
TabArea — Located above the LED indicators, the tab area contains a list of the device features and their components.
Device View — Located in the main part of the home page, the device view provides a view of the device, an information
or table area, and configuration instructions.
1.3 Understanding the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface
The following table lists the user interface components with their corresponding numbers:
Table 1: Interface Components
View
Description
Tree View provides easy navigation through the configurable device features. The main
branches expand to display the sub-features.
1 Tree View
Device View provides information about device ports, current configuration and status, table
information, and feature components. Device View also displays other device information
and dialog boxes for configuring parameters.
2 Device View
The TabArea enables navigation through the different device features. Click the tabs to view
all the components under a specific feature.
3 TabArea
4 Zoom View
Provides a graphic of the device on which TP-Link Web Interface runs.
5 TP-Link Web Interface
Information Tabs
Provide access to online help, and contain information about the EWS.
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This section provides the following additional information:
Device Representation — Provides an explanation of the TP-Link user interface buttons, including both management
buttons and task icons.
Using the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface Management Buttons — Provides instructions for adding, modifying,
and deleting configuration parameters.
1.3.1 Device Representation
The TP-Link Embedded Web Interface Home Page contains a graphical representation of the device. This representation
varies according to the device platform.
Figure 3: Device Representation
Figures in this guide are based on the TL-SL3428 device. The figures captions may differ if another device is used.
1.3.2 Using the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface Management Buttons
Configuration Management buttons and icons provide an easy method of configuring device information, and include the
following:
Table 2: TP-Link Web Interface Configuration Management Buttons
Button
Button Name
Back/Next
Clear Logs
Create
Description
Enables browsing table items.
Clears system logs.
Enables creation of configuration entries.
Modifies configuration settings.
Queries the device table.
Modify
Query
Reset
Resets the device.
Save
Saves the current system configuration.
Saves configuration changes to the device.
Performs cable tests.
Submit
Test
Table 3: TP-Link Web Interface Information Buttons
Tab
Tab Name
Help
Description
Opens the online help.
Opens the Logout page.
Logout
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1.4 Using Screen and Table Options
The TP-Link Embedded Web Interface contains screens and tables for configuring devices.
This section contains the following topics:
Adding Configuration Information
Modifying Configuration Information
Deleting Configuration Information
1.4.1 Adding Configuration Information
User-defined information can be added to specific TP-Link Web Interface pages, by opening a new Add page.
To add information to tables or TP-Link Web Interface pages:
1. Open an TP-Link Web Interface page.
2. Click
. An Add page opens, for example Add IP Interface Page:
Figure 4:Add IP Interface Page
3. Define the required fields.
4. Click
. The configuration information is saved,
and the device is updated.
1.4.2 Modifying Configuration Information
User-defined information can be modified in specific TP-Link Web Interface pages, by opening a new Settings page.
To modify information in tables or TP-Link Web Interface pages:
1. Open the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface page.
2. Select a table entry.
3. Click
.ASettings page opens, for example the IPInterface Settings Page:
Figure 5: IP Interface Settings Page
4. Modify the fields.
5. Click
is updated.
. The settings are saved, and the device
1.5 Deleting Configuration Information
User-defined information can be deleted in specific TP-Link Web Interface pages, using the Remove function.
To delete information in tables or TP-Link Web Interface pages:
1. Open the TP-Link Embedded Web Interface page, for example IPAddressing Page.
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Figure 6: IPAddressing Page
2. Select the Remove checkbox in the row of the item to
delete.
3. Click
. The information is deleted, and the
device is updated.
1.6 Resetting the Device
The Reset page enables resetting the device from a remote location.
Note:
To prevent the current configuration from being lost, save all changes from the running configuration file to the startup
configuration file before resetting the device. For instructions, see Managing System Files "Copying System Files" on page
171.
To reset the device:
1. Click System > General > Reset. The Reset Page
opens.
Figure 7: Reset Page
2. Click
.Aconfirmation message is displayed.
Figure 8: Reset Confirmation Message
3. Click
. The device is reset, and a prompt for a
user name and password is displayed.
4. Enter a user name and password to reconnect to the web Interface.
1.7 Logging Off from the Device
Click
. The Logout Confirmation Message is displayed.
Figure 9: Logout Confirmation Message
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Section 2. Defining Device Information
This section contains information for viewing and setting general system information.
The System Description Page contains parameters for configuring general device information, including the system name,
location, and contact, the system MAC Address, System Object ID, System Up Time, System IP and MAC addresses, and
both software and hardware versions.
To view and define the system description:
1. Click System Info > General > Description. The System Description Page opens:
Figure 10:System Description Page
The System Description Page contains the following fields:
Model Name — Displays the device model number
and name.
System Name — Defines the user-defined device
name. The field range is 0-160 characters.
System Location — Defines the location where the
system is currently running. The field range is 0-160
characters.
System Contact — Defines the name of the contact
person. The field range is 0-160 characters.
System Object ID — Displays the vendor’s authoritative identification of the network management sub-system contained
in the entity.
System Up Time — Displays the amount of time since the most recent device reset. The system time is displayed in the
following format: Days, Hours, Minutes, and Seconds. For example, 41 days, 2 hours, 22 min-utes and 15 seconds.
Base MACAddress — Displays the device MAC address.
Hardware Version — Displays the installed device hardware version number.
Software Version — Displays the installed software version number.
Boot Version — Displays the current boot version running on the device.
2. Define the System Name, System Location and System Contact fields.
3. Click
. The system description is saved and the device is updated.
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Section 3. Setting the System Time
This section provides information for configuring system time parameters, including:
Configuring Daylight Savings Time
Configuring SNTP
3.1 Configuring Daylight Savings Time
The System Information Time Page contains fields for defining system time parameters for both the local hardware clock
and the external SNTP clock. If the system time is kept using an external SNTP clock, and the external SNTP clock fails, the
system time reverts to the local hardware clock. Daylight Savings Time can be enabled on the device.
The following is a list of Daylight Savings Time start and end times in specific countries:
Albania — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Australia — From the end of October until the end of March.
Australia - Tasmania — From the beginning of October until the end of March.
Armenia — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Austria — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Bahamas — FromApril to October, in conjunction with Daylight Savings Time in the United States.
Belarus — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Belgium — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Brazil — From the third Sunday in October until the third Saturday in March. During the period of Daylight Saving Time,
Brazilian clocks go forward one hour in most of the Brazilian southeast.
Chile — In Easter Island, from March 9 until October 12. In the rest of the country, from the first Sunday in March or after
9th March.
China — China does not use Daylight Saving Time.
Canada — From the first Sunday in April until the last Sunday of October. Daylight Saving Time is usually regulated by
provincial and territorial governments. Exceptions may exist in certain municipalities.
Cuba — From the last Sunday of March to the last Sunday of October.
Cyprus — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Denmark — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Egypt — From the last Friday inApril until the last Thursday in September.
Estonia — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Finland — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
France — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Germany — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Greece — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Hungary — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
India — India does not use Daylight Saving Time.
Iran — From Farvardin 1 until Mehr 1.
Iraq — FromApril 1 until October 1.
Ireland — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Israel — Varies year-to-year.
Italy — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Japan — Japan does not use Daylight Saving Time.
ordan — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
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Latvia — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Lebanon — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Lithuania — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Luxembourg — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Macedonia — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Mexico — From the first Sunday inApril at 02:00 to the last Sunday in October at 02:00.
Moldova — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Montenegro — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Netherlands — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
New Zealand — From the first Sunday in October until the first Sunday on or after March 15.
Norway — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Paraguay — FromApril 6 until September 7.
Poland — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Portugal — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Romania — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Russia — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Serbia — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Slovak Republic - From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
SouthAfrica — SouthAfrica does not use Daylight Saving Time.
Spain — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Sweden — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Switzerland — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
Syria — From March 31 until October 30.
Taiwan — Taiwan does not use Daylight Saving Time.
Turkey — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
United Kingdom — From the last weekend of March until the last weekend of October.
United States ofAmerica — From the first Sunday inApril at 02:00 to the last Sunday in October at 02:00.
To configure the daylight savings time:
1. Click System > System Info > General > Time. The System Information Time Page opens:
Figure 11: System Information Time Page
The System Information Time Page contains the following
sections and fields:
Clock Source — The source used to set the system
clock. The possible field values are:
– None — Indicates that a clock source is not used.
The clock is set locally.
– SNTP — Indicates that the system time is set via an
SNTP server.
The Local Settings section contains the following fields:
Date — The system date. The field format is Day/Month/Year. For example: 04/May/50 (May 4, 2050).
Local Time — The system time. The field format is HH:MM:SS. For example: 21:15:03.
Time Zone Offset — The hours difference between Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and local time. For example, the Time
Zone Offset for Paris is GMT +1, while the Time Zone Offset for New York is GMT –5.
Daylight Savings — Enables the automatic Daylight Savings Time (DST) on the device based on the device’s location.
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The DST can be set according to unique start and end dates for a particular year or as a recurring period for any year.
For a specific setting in a particular year, complete the fields in the Daylight Savings area; for a recurring setting, complete
the fields in the Recurring area.
Daylight Savings:
– USA — The device switches to DST at 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday ofApril, and reverts to standard time at 2:00 a.m.
on the last Sunday of October.
– European — The device switches to DST at 1:00 am on the last Sunday in March and reverts to standard time at 1:00
am on the last Sunday in October. The European option applies to EU members, and other European countries using
the EU standard.
– Other — The DST definitions are user-defined based on the device locality. If Other is selected, the From and To fields
must be defined.
Time Set Offset (1-1440) — Used for non-USA and European countries to set the amount of time for DST (in minutes).
The default time is 60 minutes.
From — Indicates the time that DST begins in countries other than the USA and Europe, in the format Day/Month/Year
in one field and HH:MM in another. For example, if DST begins on October 25, 2007 at 5:00 am, the two fields should be
set to 25/Oct/07 and 05:00. The possible field values are:
– Date — The date on which DST begins. The possible field range is 1-31.
– Month — The month of the year in which DST begins. The possible field range is Jan-Dec.
– Year — The year in which the configured DST begins.
– Time — The time at which DST begins. The field format is HH:MM. For example: 05:30.
To — Indicates the time that DST ends in countries other than the USA and Europe, in the format Day/Month/Year in
one field and HH:MM in another. For example, if DST ends on March 23, 2008 at midnight, the two fields should be 23/
Mar/08 and 00:00. The possible field values are:
– Date — The date on which DST ends. The possible field range is 1-31.
– Month — The month of the year in which DST ends. The possible field range is Jan-Dec.
– Year— The year in which the configured DST ends.
– Time — The time at which DST starts. The field format is HH:MM. For example: 05:30.
Recurring:
Recurring — Enables user-defined DST for countries in which DST is constant from year to year, other than the USA
and Europe.
From — The time that DST begins each year. In the example, DST begins locally every first Sunday in April at midnight.
The possible field values are:
– Day — The day of the week from which DST begins every year. The possible field range is Sunday-Saturday.
– Week — The week within the month from which DST begins every year. The possible field range is 1-5.
– Month — The month of the year in which DST begins every year. The possible field range is Jan-Dec.
– Time — The time at which DST begins every year. The field format is Hour:Minute. For example: 02:10.
To — The time that DST ends each year. In the example, DST ends locally every first Sunday in October at midnight.
The possible field values are:
– Day — The day of the week at which DST ends every year. The possible field range is Sunday-Saturday.
– Week — The week within the month at which DST ends every year. The possible field range is 1-5.
– Month — The month of the year in which DST ends every year. The possible field range is Jan-Dec.
– Time — The time at which DST ends every year. The field format is HH:MM. For example: 05:30.
2. Define the Date, Local Time and Time Zone Offset fields.
3. To configure the device to automatically switch to DST, select Daylight Savings and select either USA, Euro-pean, or
Other. If you select Other, you must define its From and To fields. To configure DST parameters that will recur every year,
select Recurring and define its From and To fields.
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4. Click
. The DST settings are saved, and the device is updated.
3.2 Configuring SNTP
This section contains the following topics:
SNTP Overview
Defining SNTP Global Settings
Configuring SNTPAuthentication
Defining SNTP Servers
Defining SNTP Interface Settings
3.2.1 SNTP Overview
The device supports the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP). SNTP assures accurate network device clock time
synchronization up to the millisecond. Time synchronization is performed by a network SNTP server. The device operates
only as an SNTP client, and cannot provide time services to other systems. The device can poll the following server types for
the server time:
Unicast
Anycast
Broadcast
Time sources are established by stratums. Stratums define the accuracy of the reference clock. The higher the stratum (where
zero is the highest), the more accurate the clock. The device receives time from stratum 1 and above.
The following is an example of stratums:
Stratum 0 —Areal time clock (such as a GPS system) is used as the time source.
Stratum 1 — A server that is directly linked to a Stratum 0 time source is used. Stratum 1 time servers provide primary
network time standards.
Stratum 2 — The time source is distanced from the Stratum 1 server over a network path. For example, a Stratum 2
server receives the time over a network link, via NTP, from a Stratum 1 server.
Information received from SNTP servers is evaluated based on the Time level and server type. SNTP time definitions are
assessed and determined by the following time levels:
T1 — The time at which the original request was sent by the client.
T2 — The time at which the original request was received by the server.
T3 — The time at which the server sent the client a reply.
T4 — The time at which the client received the server's reply.
3.2.1.1 Polling for Unicast Time Information
Polling for Unicast information is used for polling a server for which the IP address is known. T1 - T4 are used to determine
the server time. This is the preferred method for synchronizing device time.
3.2.1.2 Polling for Anycast Time Information
Polling for Anycast information is used when the SNTP server IP address is unknown. The first Anycast server to return a
response is used to set the time value. Time levels T3 and T4 are used to determine the server time. Using Anycast time
information for synchronizing device time is preferred to using Broadcast time information.
3.2.1.3 Polling for Broadcast Time Information
Broadcast information is used when the server IP address is unknown. When a broadcast message is sent from an SNTP
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server, the SNTP client listens for the response. The SNTP client neither sends time information requests nor receives
responses from the Broadcast server.
Message Digest 5 (MD5) Authentication safeguards device synchronization paths to SNTP servers. MD5 is an algorithm
that produces a 128-bit hash. MD5 is a variation of MD4, and increases MD4 security. MD5 verifies the integrity of the
communication, authenticates the origin of the communication.
3.2.2 Defining SNTP Global Settings
The SNTPProperties Page provides information for defining SNTP parameters globally.
To define the SNTP global parameters:
1. Click System > System Info > SNTP > Properties. The SNTPProperties Page opens:
Figure 12: SNTP Properties Page
The SNTPProperties Page contains the following fields:
Poll Interval — Defines the interval (in seconds) at
which the SNTP server is polled for Unicast information.
The Poll Interval default is 1024 seconds.
Enable Receive Broadcast Servers Updates —
Defines whether or not the device monitors the SNTP
servers for Broadcast server time information on the
selected interfaces. The possible values are:
– Enable — Enables the device to receive Broadcast server updates.
– Disable — Disables the device from receiving Broadcast server updates.
Enable Receive Anycast Servers Updates — Defines whether or not the device polls the SNTP server for Anycast
server time information. If both the Enable Receive Anycast Servers Update and the Enable Receive Broadcast Servers
Update fields are enabled, the system time is set according to the Anycast server time information. The possible values
are:
– Enable — Enables the device to receiveAnycast server updates.
– Disable — Disables the device from receivingAnycast server updates.
Enable Receive Unicast Servers Updates — Defines whether or not the device polls the SNTP server for Unicast
server time information. If the Enable Receive Broadcast Servers Updates, Enable Receive Anycast Servers Updates,
and Enable Receive Unicast Servers Updates fields are all enabled, the system time is set according the Unicast server
time information. The possible values are:
– Enable — Enables the device to receive Unicast server updates.
– Disable — Disables the device from receiving Unicast server updates.
Enable Poll Unicast Servers — Defines whether or not the device sends SNTP Unicast forwarding information to the
SNTP server. The possible values are:
– Enable — Enables the device to receive Poll Unicast server updates.
– Disable — Disables the device from receiving Poll Unicast server updates.
2. Define the Poll Interval, Enable Receive Broadcast Servers Update, Enable Receive Anycast Servers Update, Enable
Receive Unicast Servers Update, and Enable Poll Unicast Servers fields and select at least one of the Enable fields.
3. Click
. The SNTP global settings are defined, and the device is updated.
3.2.3 Configuring SNTP Authentication
The SNTPAuthentication Page enables configuring the SNTP authentication method.
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To configure SNTP authentication:
1. Click System > System Info > SNTP >Authentication. The SNTPAuthentication Page opens:
Figure 13: SNTPAuthentication Page
The SNTP Authentication Page contains the following
fields:
Enable SNTP Authentication — Indicates if
authenticating an SNTP session between the device
and an SNTP server is enabled on the device. The
possible field values are:
– Checked — Authenticates SNTP sessions between
the device and SNTP server.
– Unchecked — Disables authenticating SNTP
sessions between the device and SNTP server.
Encryption Key ID — Indicates if the encryption key identification is used to authenticate the SNTP server and device.
The field value is up to 4294967295.
Authentication Key — Indicates the key used for authentication.
Trusted Key — Indicates the encryption key used (Unicast/Anycast) or elected (Broadcast) to authenticate the SNTP
server.
Remove — Removes Encryption Key IDs. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected Encryption Key ID.
– Unchecked — Maintains the Encryption Key IDs. This is the default value.
2. Check the Enable SNTPAuthentication checkbox.
3. Click
. SNTPAuthentication is defined, and the device is updated.
To define SNTP authentication parameters:
1. Click
. The Add SNTPAuthentication Page opens:
Figure 14:Add SNTPAuthentication Page
2. Define the Encryption Key ID, Authentication Key, and
Trusted Key fields.
3. Click
. The SNTP Authentication Key is
added, and the device is updated.
3.2.4 Defining SNTP Servers
The SNTP Servers Page contains information for enabling SNTP servers, as well as adding new SNTP servers. In addition,
the SNTPServers Page enables the device to request and accept SNTP server traffic.
To define SNTP servers:
1. Click System > System Info > SNTP > Servers. The SNTPServers Page opens:
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Figure 15: SNTP Servers Page
The SNTPServers Page contains the following fields:
SNTP Server — Displays user-defined SNTP server IP
addresses. Up to eight SNTP servers can be defined.
Poll Interval — Indicates whether or not the device
polls the selected SNTP server for system time informa-
tion.
Encryption Key ID — Displays the encryption key identification used to communicate between the SNTP server and
device. The field range is 1-4294967295.
Preference — Indicates which SNTP server provides the SNTP system time. The possible field values are:
– Primary — Indicates the primary server provides SNTP information.
– Secondary — Indicates the backup server provides SNTP information.
Status — The operating SNTP server status. The possible field values are:
– Up — Indicates the SNTP server is currently operating normally.
– Down — Indicates that a SNTP server is currently not available. For example, the SNTP server is currently not
connected or is currently down.
– In progress — Indicates the SNTP server is currently sending or receiving SNTP information.
– Unknown — Indicates the progress of the SNTP information currently being sent is unknown. For example, the device
is currently looking for an interface.
Last Response — Displays the last time a response was received from the SNTP server.
Offset — Indicates the time difference between the device local clock and the acquired time from the SNTP server.
Delay — Indicates the amount of time it takes for a device request to reach the SNTP server.
Remove — Removes SNTP servers from the SNTP server list. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the SNTP server.
– Unchecked — Maintains the SNTP server. This is the default value.
2. Click
. The Add SNTPServer Page opens:
Figure 16:Add SNTP Server Page
3. Define the SNTP Server, Enable Poll Interval, and
Encryption Key ID fields.
4. Click
. The SNTP Server is added, and the
device is updated.
3.2.5 Defining SNTP Interface Settings
The SNTPInterface Settings Page contains fields for setting SNTP on different interfaces.
To define SNTP interface settings:
1. Click System > System Info > SNTP > Interface. The SNTPInterface Settings Page opens:
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Figure 17: SNTP Interface Settings Page
The SNTP Interface Settings Page contains the following
fields:
Interface — Indicates the interface on which SNTP
can be enabled.
The possible field values are:
– Port — Indicates the specific port number on which
SNTP is enabled.
– LAG — Indicates the specific LAG number on which SNTP is enabled.
– VLAN — Indicates the specific VLAN number on which SNTP is enabled.
Receive Servers Updates — Enables the server to receive or not receive updates.
Remove — Removes SNTP interfaces.
– Checked — Removes the selected SNTP interface.
– Unchecked — Maintains the defined SNTP interfaces.
2. Click
. The Add SNTPInterface Page opens.
Figure 18:Add SNTP Interface Page
3. Select the Interface.
4. Check the Receive Server Updates option.
5. Click
. The SNTP interface is added, and the
device is updated.
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Section 4. Configuring System Logs
This section provides information for managing system logs. The system logs enable viewing device events in real time, and
recording the events for later usage. System logs record and manage events and report errors and informational messages.
Event messages have a unique format, as per the Syslog protocols recommended message format for all error reporting.
For example, Syslog and local device reporting messages are assigned a severity code, and include a message mnemonic,
which identifies the source application generating the message. It allows messages to be filtered based on their urgency or
relevancy. Each message severity determines the set of event logging devices that are sent per each event message.
The following table lists the log severity levels:
Table 4: System Log Severity Levels
Level
Severity
Emergency
Alert
Message
0 (Highest)
The system is not functioning.
1
2
3
4
5
6
The system needs immediate attention.
The system is in a critical state.
Asystem error has occurred.
Critical
Error
Warning
Notice
Asystem warning has occurred.
The system is functioning properly, but a system notice has occurred.
Provides device information.
Informational
Provides detailed information about the log. If a Debug error occurs, contact
Customer Tech Support.
Debug
7
This section contains the following topics:
Defining General Log Properties
Viewing Memory Logs
Viewing Flash Logs
Defining System Log Servers
4.1 Defining General Log Properties
The Syslog Properties Page contains fields for defining which events are recorded to which logs. It contains fields for
enabling logs globally, and parameters for defining logs. Log messages are listed from the highest severity to the lowest
severity level.
To view the system log properties:
1. Click System > System Info > Syslog > Properties. The Syslog Properties Page opens:
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Figure 19: Syslog Properties Page
The Syslog Properties Page contains the following fields:
Enable Logging — Indicates if device global logs for
Cache, File, and Server Logs are enabled. Console
logs are enabled by default. The possible field values
are:
– Checked — Enables device logs.
– Unchecked — Disables device logs.
Severity —
– Notice — Provides device information.
– Informational — Provides device information.
– Debug — Provides debugging messages.
Note:
When a severity level is selected, all severity level choices above the selection are selected automatically.
Console — Defines the minimum severity level from which logs are sent to the console.
RAM Logs — Defines the minimum severity level from which logs are sent to the RAM Log kept in RAM (Cache).
Log File — Defines the minimum severity level from which logs are sent to the log file kept in FLASH memory.
2. Check the Enable Logging option.
3. Check the options for each severity level.
4.2 Viewing Memory Logs
The Syslog Memory Page contains all system logs in a chronological order that are saved in RAM (Cache).
To view memory logs:
1. Click System > System Info > Syslog > Memory. The Syslog Memory Page opens:
Figure 20: Syslog Memory Page
The Syslog Memory Page contains the following fields:
Log Index — Lists the log number.
Log Time — Lists the date and time that the log was
entered.
Severity — Lists the severity of the event for which the
log was entered.
Description — Lists the event description.
2. To clear all logs, click
.
3. Click
.All log items are removed from the table, and the device is updated.
4.3 Viewing Flash Logs
The Syslog Flash Page contains information about log entries saved to the log file in Flash, including the time the log was
generated, the log severity, and a description of the log message. The message log is available after reboot.
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To view Flash memory logs:
1. Click System > System Info > Syslog > Flash. The Syslog Flash Page opens:
Figure 21: Syslog Flash Page
The Syslog Flash Page contains the following information:
Log Index — Lists the log index number.
Log Time — Lists the date and time that the log was
entered.
Severity — Lists the severity of the event for which the
log was created in Flash memory.
Description — Lists the event description.
2. To remove current Flash memory logs, click
3. Click . Logs are removed from the table.
.
4.4 Defining System Log Servers
The Syslog Servers Page contains information for viewing and configuring the remote log servers. New log servers can be
defined, and the log severity sent to each server.
To define Syslog servers:
1. Click System > System Info > Syslog > Servers. The Syslog Servers Page opens:
Figure 22: Syslog Servers Page
The Syslog Servers Page list the server parameters and
contains the following fields:
Server — Specifies the server to which logs can be
sent.
UDP Port — Defines the UDP port to which the server
logs are sent. The possible range is 1 - 65535. The
default value is 514.
Port-Facility — Defines an application from which system logs are sent to the remote server. Only one facility can be
assigned to a single server. If a second facility level is assigned, the first facility is overridden.All applications defined for a
device utilize the same facility on a server. The field default is Local 7. The possible field values are Local 0 - Local 7.
Description — Provides a user-defined server description.
Minimum Severity — Indicates the minimum severity from which logs are sent to the server. For example, if Notice is
selected, all logs with a severity level of Notice and higher are sent to the remote server.
Remove — Deletes the currently selected server from the Servers list. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected server from the Syslog Properties Page. Once removed, logs are no longer sent to
the removed server.
– Unchecked — Maintains the remote servers.
2. Click
. The Add Syslog Server Page opens.
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Figure 23:Add Syslog Server Page
3. Define the IP Address, UDP Port, Facility, Description,
and Minimum Severity fields.
4. Click
. The Log server is defined and the
device is updated.
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Section 5. Configuring Device Security
This section describes pages that contain fields for setting security parameters for ports, device management methods,
users, and server security for the TP-Link device.
This section contains the following topics:
Configuring Management Security
Configuring Network Security
5.1 Configuring Management Security
This section provides information for configuring device management security.
This section includes the following topics:
ConfiguringAuthentication Methods
Configuring Passwords
5.1.1 Configuring Authentication Methods
This section provides information for configuring device authentication methods.
This section includes the following topics:
DefiningAccess Profiles
Defining Profile Rules
DefiningAuthentication Profiles
MappingAuthentication Profiles
Defining TACACS+ Host Settings
Defining RADIUS Server Settings
5.1.1.1 Defining Access Profiles
Access profiles are profiles and rules for accessing the device. Access to management functions can be limited to user
groups. User groups are defined for interfaces according to IP addresses or IP subnets.Access profiles contain management
methods for accessing and managing the device. The device management methods include:
All
Telnet
Secure Telnet (SSH)
HTTP
Management access to different management methods may differ between user groups. For example, User Group 1 can
access the switch module only via an HTTPS session, while User Group 2 can access the switch module via both HTTPS
and Telnet sessions. TheAccess Profile Page contains the currently configured access profiles and their activity status.
Assigning an access profile to an interface denies access via other interfaces. If an access profile is assigned to any interface,
the device can be accessed by all interfaces.
To configure access profiles:
1. Click System > Management Security >Authentication >Access Profiles. The Access Profile Page opens:
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Figure 24:Access Profile Page
The Access Profile Page contains the following fields:
Access Profile Name — Defines the access profile
name. The access profile name can contain up to 32
characters.
Active Profile — Defines the access profile currently
active.
Remove — Removes the selected access profile. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected access profile.Access Profiles cannot be removed whenActive.
– Unchecked — Maintains the access profiles.
DisableActive Profile — Disables the active access profile. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Disables the active access profiles.
– Unchecked — Indicates the access profile is currently active. This is the default value.
2. Click
. The AddAccess Profile Page opens:
Figure 25:AddAccess Profile Page
In addition to the fields in the Access Profile Page, the Add
Access Profile Page contains the following fields:
Access Profile Name — Defines a new access profile
name.
Rule Priority — Defines the rule priority. When the
packet is matched to a rule, user groups are either
granted permission or denied device management
access. The rule number is essential to matching
packets to rules, as packets are matched on a first-fit basis. The rule priorities are assigned in the Profile Rules Page.
Management Method — Defines the management method for which the rule is defined. Users with this access profile
can access the device using the management method selected. The possible field values are:
– All —Assigns all management methods to the rule.
– Telnet —Assigns Telnet access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using Telnet meeting access profile
criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– Secure Telnet (SSH) — Assigns SSH access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using Telnet meeting
access profile criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– HTTP —Assigns HTTP access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using HTTP meeting access profile
criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– Secure HTTP (HTTPS) — Assigns HTTPS access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using HTTPS
meeting access profile criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– SNMP — Assigns SNMP access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using SNMP meeting access
profile criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
Interface — Defines the interface on which the access profile is defined. The possible field values are:
– Port — Specifies the port on which the access profile is defined.
– LAG — Specifies the LAG on which the access profile is defined.
– VLAN — Specifies the VLAN on which the access profile is defined.
– Source IP Address — Defines the interface source IP address to which the access profile applies. The Source IP
Address field is valid for a subnetwork.
– Network Mask — Defines the network mask of the source IP address.
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– Prefix Length — Defines the number of bits that comprise the source IP address prefix, or the network mask of the
source IP address.
Action —Defines the action attached to the access rule. The possible field values are:
– Permit — Permits access to the device.
– Deny — Denies access to the device. This is the default.
3. Click
. The access profile is saved and the device is updated.
5.1.1.2 Defining Profile Rules
Access profiles can contain up to 128 rules that determine which users can manage the switch module, and by which
methods. Users can also be blocked from accessing the device. Rules are composed of filters including:
Rule Priority
Interface
Management Method
IPAddress
Prefix Length
ForwardingAction
To define profile rules:
1. Click System > Management Security >Authentication > Profile Rules. The Profile Rules Page opens:
Figure 26: Profile Rules Page
The Profile Rules Page contains the following fields:
Access Profile Name — Displays the access profile to
which the rule is attached.
Priority — Defines the rule priority. When the packet is
matched to a rule, user groups are either granted per-
mission or denied device management access. The
rule number is essential to matching packets to rules, as packets are matched on a first-fit basis.
Interface — Indicates the interface type to which the rule applies. The possible field values are:
– Port —Attaches the rule to the selected port.
– LAG —Attaches the rule to the selected LAG.
– VLAN —Attaches the rule to the selected VLAN.
Management Method — Defines the management method for which the rule is defined. Users with this access profile
can access the device using the management method selected. The possible field values are:
– All —Assigns all management methods to the rule.
– Telnet —Assigns Telnet access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using Telnet meeting access profile
criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– Secure Telnet (SSH) — Assigns SSH access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using Telnet meeting
access profile criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– HTTP —Assigns HTTP access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using HTTP meeting access profile
criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– Secure HTTP (HTTPS) — Assigns HTTPS access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using HTTPS
meeting access profile criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
– SNMP — Assigns SNMP access to the rule. If selected, users accessing the device using SNMP meeting access
profile criteria are permitted or denied access to the device.
Source IPAddress — Defines the interface source IP address to which the rule applies.
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Prefix Length — Defines the number of bits that comprise the source IP address prefix, or the network mask of the
source IP address.
Action — Defines the action attached to the rule. The possible field values are:
– Permit — Permits access to the device.
– Deny — Denies access to the device. This is the default.
Remove — Removes rules from the selected access profiles. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected rule from the access profile.
– Unchecked — Maintains the rules attached to the access profile.
2. Click
. TheAdd Profile Rule Page opens:
Figure 27:Add Profile Rule Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The profile rule is added to the access
profile, and the device is updated.
To modify a Profile Rule:
1. Click Security > Management Security >
Authentication > Access Profile. The Access Profile
Page opens.
2. Click
. The Profile Rule Settings Page opens:
Figure 28: Profile Rule Settings Page
3. Modify the fields.
4. Click
. The profile rule is modified, and the
device is updated.
5.1.1.3 Defining Authentication Profiles
Authentication profiles allow network administrators to assign authentication methods for user authentication. User
authentication can be performed either locally or on an external server. User authentication occurs in the order the methods
are selected. If the first authentication method is not available, the next selected method is used. For example, if the selected
authentication methods are RADIUS and Local, and the RADIUS server is not available, then the user is authenticated
locally.
To defineAuthentication profiles:
1. Click System > Management Security > Authentication > Authentication Profiles. The Authentication Profiles Page
opens:
Figure 29:Authentication Profiles Page
The Authentication Profiles Page provides the following
tables:
LoginAuthentication Profiles
EnableAuthentication Profiles
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Each of the tables contains the following fields:
Profile Name — Contains a list of user-defined authentication profile lists to which user-defined authentication profiles
are added.
Methods — Defines the user authentication methods. The possible field values are:
– None —Assigns no authentication method to the authentication profile.
– Local —Authenticates the user at the device level. The device checks the user name and password for authentication.
– RADIUS —Authenticates the user at the RADIUS server. For more information, see Defining RADIUS Server Settings.
– Line —Authenticates the user using a line password.
– Enable —Authenticates the user using an enable password.
Remove — Removes the selected authentication profile. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected authentication profile.
– Unchecked — Maintains the authentication profiles.
2. Click
. The AddAuthentication Profile Page opens.
Figure 30:AddAuthentication Profile Page
3. Define the Profile Method and enter the Profile Name
fields.
4. Select theAuthentication Method using the move arrow
.
5. Click
. The authentication profile is defined,
and the device is updated.
To modify an authentication profile:
1. Click System > Management Security > Authentication > Authentication Profiles. The Authentication Profiles Page
opens.
2. Click
. The Authentication Profile Settings Page opens:
Figure 31:Authentication Profile Settings Page
3. Select theAuthentication Method using the move arrow
.
4. Click
. The authentication method is selected,
and the device is updated.
5.1.1.4 Mapping Authentication Profiles
After authentication profiles are defined, they can be applied to management access methods. For example, console users
can be authenticated by Authentication Profile List 1, while Telnet users are authenticated by Authentication Method List 2.
Authentication methods are selected using arrows. The order in which the methods are selected is the order by which the
authentication methods are used.
To map authentication methods:
1. Click System > Management Security > Authentication > Authentication Mapping. The Authentication Mapping
Page opens:
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Figure 32:Authentication Mapping Page
The Authentication Mapping Page contains the following
fields:
Console — Indicates that authentication profiles are
used to authenticate console users.
Telnet — Indicates that authentication profiles are used
to authenticate Telnet users.
Secure Telnet (SSH) — Indicates that authentication
profiles are used to authenticate Secure Shell (SSH)
users. SSH provides clients secure and encrypted
remote connections to a device.
Secure HTTP — Indicates that authentication methods
are used for Secure HTTP access. Possible field values are:
– None — Indicates that no authentication method is used for access.
– Local — Indicates that authentication occurs locally.
– RADIUS — Indicates that authentication occurs at the RADIUS server.
– Line — Indicates that authentication uses a line password.
– Enable — Indicates that authentication uses an Enable password.
– Local, RADIUS — Indicates that authentication first occurs locally. If authentication cannot be verified locally, the
RADIUS server authenticates the management method. If the RADIUS server cannot authenticate the management
method, the session is blocked.
– RADIUS, Local — Indicates that authentication first occurs at the RADIUS server. If authentication cannot be verified
at the RADIUS server, the session is authenticated locally. If the session cannot be authenticated locally, the session is
blocked.
– Local, RADIUS, None — Indicates that authentication first occurs locally. If authentication cannot be verified locally, the
RADIUS server authenticates the management method. If the RADIUS server cannot authenticate the management
method, the session is permitted.
– RADIUS, Local, None — Indicates that authentication first occurs at the RADIUS server. If authentication cannot be
verified at the RADIUS server, the session is authenticated locally. If the session cannot be authenticated locally, the
session is permitted.
HTTP — Indicates that authentication methods are used for HTTP access. Possible field values are:
– None — Indicates that no authentication method is used for access.
– Local — Indicates that authentication occurs locally.
– RADIUS — Indicates that authentication occurs at the RADIUS server.
– Line — Indicates that authentication uses a line password.
– Enable — Indicates that authentication uses an Enable password.
– Local, RADIUS — Indicates that authentication first occurs locally. If authentication cannot be verified locally, the
RADIUS server authenticates the management method. If the RADIUS server cannot authenticate the management
method, the session is blocked.
– RADIUS, Local — Indicates that authentication first occurs at the RADIUS server. If authentication cannot be verified
at the RADIUS server, the session is authenticated locally. If the session cannot be authenticated locally, the session is
blocked.
– Local, RADIUS, None — Indicates that authentication first occurs locally. If authentication cannot be verified locally, the
RADIUS server authenticates the management method. If the RADIUS server cannot authenticate the management
method, the session is permitted.
– RADIUS, Local, None — Indicates that authentication first occurs at the RADIUS server. If authentication cannot be
verified at the RADIUS server, the session is authenticated locally. If the session cannot be authenticated locally, the
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session is permitted.
2. Define the Console, Telnet, and Secure Telnet (SSH) fields.
3. Map the authentication method in the Secure HTTP selection box.
4. Map the authentication method in the HTTP selection box.
5. Click
. The authentication mapping is saved, and the device is updated.
5.1.1.5 Defining TACACS+ Host Settings
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS+) provides centralized security user access validation. The
system supports up-to 4 TACACS+ servers.
TACACS+ provides a centralized user management system, while still retaining consistency with RADIUS and other
authentication processes. TACACS+ provides the following services:
Authentication — Provides authentication during login and via user names and user-defined passwords.
Authorization — Performed at login. Once the authentication session is completed, an authorization session starts using
the authenticated user name.
The TACACS+ protocol ensures network integrity through encrypted protocol exchanges between the client and TACACS+
server.
Note:
The TACACS+ default parameters are user-assigned defaults. The default settings are applied to newly defined TACACS+
servers. If default values are not defined, the system defaults are applied to the new TACACS+ servers.
To define TACACS+ authentication settings:
1. Click Security > Management Security >Authentication > TACACS+. The TACACS+ Page opens:
Figure 33: TACACS+ Page
The Default Parameters section contains the following
fields:
Source IP Address — Defines the default device
source IP address used for the TACACS+ session
between the device and the TACACS+ server.
Key String (1-128 Characters) — Defines the
authentication and encryption key for TACACS+
communications between the device and the TACACS+ server. This key must match the encryption used on the
TACACS+ server.
Timeout for Reply — Defines the default time that passes before the connection between the device and the TACACS+
times out. The default is 5.
The TACACS+ Page also contains the following fields:
Host IPAddress — Defines the TACACS+ Server IP address.
Priority — Defines the order in which the TACACS+ servers are used. The field range is 0-65535. The default is 0.
Source IP Address — Defines the device source IP address used for the TACACS+ session between the device and
the TACACS+ server.
Authentication Port (0-65535) — Defines the port number via which the TACACS+ session occurs. The default port is
port 49.
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Timeout for Reply — Defines the amount of time in seconds that passes before the connection between the device and
the TACACS+ times out. The field range is 1-1000 seconds.
Single Connection — Maintains a single open connection between the device and the TACACS+ server. The possible
field values are:
– Checked — Enables a single connection.
– Unchecked — Disables a single connection.
Status — Indicates the connection status between the device and the TACACS+ server. The possible field values are:
– Connected — Indicates there is currently a connection between the device and the TACACS+ server.
– Not Connected — Indicates there is not currently a connection between the device and the TACACS+ server.
Remove — Removes TACACS+ server. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected TACACS+ server.
– Unchecked — Maintains the TACACS+ servers.
2. Click
. The Add TACACS+ Host Page opens:
Figure 34:Add TACACS+ Host Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The TACACS+ server is defined, and
the device is updated.
To modify the TACACS+ server settings:
1. Click Security > Management Security >Authentica-
tion > TACACS+. The TACACS+ Page opens.
2. Select TACACS+ server entry.
3. Click
. The TACACS+ Host Settings Page opens.
Figure 35: TACACS+ Host Settings Page
4. Modify the fields.
5. Click
. The TACACS+ host settings are saved,
and the device is updated.
5.1.1.6 Defining RADIUS Server Settings
Remote Authorization Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) servers provide additional security for networks. RADIUS servers
provide a centralized authentication method for web access.
The default parameters are user-defined, and are applied to newly defined RADIUS servers. If new default parameters are
not defined, the system default values are applied to newly defined RADIUS servers.
To configure RADIUS servers:
1. Click System > Management Security >Authentication > Radius. The Radius Page opens:
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Figure 36: Radius Page
The Default Parameters section of the Radius Page
contains the following fields:
Retries — Defines the number of transmitted requests
sent to the RADIUS server before a failure occurs.
Possible field values are 1-10. The default value is 3.
Timeout for Reply — Defines the amount of time
(in seconds) the device waits for an answer from the
RADIUS server before retrying the query, or switching to
the next server. Possible field values are 1-30. The default value is 3.
Dead Time — Defines the default amount of time (in minutes) that a RADIUS server is bypassed for service requests.
The range is 0-2000. The default value is 0.
Key String — Defines the default key string used for authenticating and encrypting all RADIUS communications
between the device and the RADIUS server. This key must match the RADIUS encryption.
Source IPAddress — Defines the default IP address of a device accessing the RADIUS server.
The Radius Page also contains the following fields:
IPAddress — Lists the RADIUS server IP addresses.
Priority — Displays the RADIUS server priority. The possible values are 1-65535, where 1 is the highest value. The
RADIUS server priority is used to configure the server query order.
Authentication Port — Identifies the authentication port. The authentication port is used to verify the RADIUS server
authentication. The authenticated port default is 1812.
Number of Retries — Defines the number of transmitted requests sent to the RADIUS server before a failure occurs.
The possible field values are 1-10. Three is the default value.
Timeout for Reply — Defines the amount of time (in seconds) the device waits for an answer from the RADIUS server
before retrying the query, or switching to the next server. The possible field values are 1-30. Three is the default value.
Dead Time — Defines the amount of time (in minutes) that a RADIUS server is bypassed for service requests. The
range is 0-2000. The default is 0 minutes.
Source IPAddress — Defines the source IP address that is used for communication with RADIUS servers.
Usage Type — Specifies the RADIUS server authentication type. The default value isAll. The possible field values are:
– Log in — Indicates the RADIUS server is used for authenticating user name and passwords.
– 802.1X — Indicates the RADIUS server is used for 802.1X authentication.
– All — Indicates the RADIUS server is used for authenticating user names and passwords, and 802.1X port
authentication.
Remove — Removes a RADIUS server. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected RADIUS server.
– Unchecked — Maintains the RADIUS servers. This is the default value.
2. Click
. The Add Radius Server Page opens:
Figure 37:Add Radius Server Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The RADIUS server is added, and the
device is updated.
To modify RADIUS server settings:
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1. Click
. The RADIUS Server Settings Page opens:
Figure 38: RADIUS Server Settings Page
2. Modify the fields.
3. Click
. The RADIUS server settings are saved,
and the device is updated.
5.1.2 Configuring Passwords
This section contains information for defining device passwords, and includes the following topics.
Defining Local Users
Defining Line Passwords
Defining Enable Passwords
5.1.2.1 Defining Local Users
Network administrators can define users, passwords, and access levels for users using the Local Users Page.
To define local users:
1. Click System > Management Security > Passwords > Local Users. The Local Users Page opens:
Figure 39: Local Users Page
The Local Users Page contains the following fields:
User Name — Displays the user name.
Access Level — Displays the user access level. The
lowest user access level is 1 and the highest is 15.
Users with access level 15 are Privileged Users.
Reactivate User — Changes the user status to active.
Remove — Removes the user from the User Name list. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected local user.
– Unchecked — Maintains the local users.
2. Click
. The Add Local User Page opens:
Figure 40:Add Local User Page
In addition to the fields in the Local Users Page, the Add
Local User Page contains the following fields:
Password — Defines the local user password. Local
user passwords can contain up to 159 characters.
Confirm Password — Verifies the password.
3. Define the fields.
4. Click . The Local User password is saved, and the device is updated.
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5.1.2.2 Defining Line Passwords
Network administrators can define line passwords in the Line Password Page. After the line password is defined, a
management method is assigned to the password. The device can be accessed using the following methods:
Console Passwords
Telnet Passwords
Secure Telnet Passwords
To configure line passwords:
1. Click System > Management Security > Passwords > Line Password. The Line Password Page opens:
Figure 41: Line Password Page
The Line Password Page contains the following fields:
Console Line Password — Defines the line password
for accessing the device via a Console session. Pass-
words can contain a maximum of 159 characters.
Telnet Line Password — Defines the line password
for accessing the device via a Telnet session. Pass-
words can contain a maximum of 159 characters.
Secure Telnet Line Password — Defines the line password for accessing the device via a secure Telnet session.
Passwords can contain a maximum of 159 characters.
Confirm Password — Confirms the new line password. The password appears in the ***** format.
2. Define the Console Line Password, Telnet Line Password, and Secure Telnet Line Password fields.
3. Redefine the Confirm Password field for each of the passwords defined in the previous steps to verify the passwords.
4. Click
. Line password is configured and device is updated.
5.1.2.3 Defining Enable Passwords
The Enable Password Page sets a local password for a particular access level.
To enable passwords:
1. Click System > Management Security > Passwords > Enable Password. The Enable Password Page opens:
Figure 42: Enable Password Page
The Enable Password Page contains the following fields:
Enable Access Level — Defines the access level
associated with the enable password. Possible field
val-ues are 1-15.
Password — Defines the enable password.
Confirm Password — Confirms the new enable
password. The password appears in the ***** format.
2. Configure the fields and click
.The password is enabled and the device is updated.
5.2 Configuring Network Security
Network security manages both access control lists and locked ports. This section contains the following topics:
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Network Security Overview
Defining NetworkAuthentication Properties
Configuring Traffic Control
5.2.1 Network Security Overview
This section provides an overview of network security and contains the following topics:
Port-BasedAuthentication
Advanced Port-BasedAuthentication
5.2.1.1 Port-Based Authentication
Port-based authentication authenticates users on a per-port basis via an external server. Only authenticated and approved
system users can transmit and receive data. Ports are authenticated via the RADIUS server using the Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP). Port-based authentication includes:
Authenticators — Specifies the device port which is authenticated before permitting system access.
Supplicants — Specifies the host connected to the authenticated port requesting to access the system ser-vices.
Authentication Server — Specifies the server that performs the authentication on behalf of the authenticator, and
indicates whether the supplicant is authorized to access system services.
Port-based authentication creates two access states:
ControlledAccess — Permits communication between the supplicant and the system, if the supplicant is authorized.
UncontrolledAccess — Permits uncontrolled communication regardless of the port state.
The device currently supports port-based authentication via RADIUS servers.
5.2.1.2 Advanced Port-Based Authentication
Advanced port-based authentication enables multiple hosts to be attached to a single port. Advanced port-based
authentication requires only one host to be authorized for all hosts to have system access. If the port is unautho-rized, all
attached hosts are denied access to the network.
Advanced port-based authentication also enables user-based authentication. Specific VLANs in the device are always
available, even if specific ports attached to the VLAN are unauthorized. For example, Voice over IP does not require
authentication, while data traffic requires authentication. VLANs for which authorization is not required can be defined.
Unauthenticated VLANs are available to users, even if the ports attached to the VLAN are defined as authorized.
Advanced port-based authentication is implemented in the following modes:
Single Host Mode —Allows port access only to the authorized host.
Multiple Host Mode — Multiple hosts can be attached to a single port. Only one host must be authorized for all hosts
to access the network. If the host authentication fails, or an EAPOL-logoff message is received, all attached clients are
denied access to the network.
Guest VLANs — Provides limited network access to authorized ports. If a port is denied network access via port-
based authorization, but the Guest VLAN is enabled, the port receives limited network access. For example, a network
administrator can use Guest VLANs to deny network access via port-based authentication, but grant Internet access to
unauthorized users.
Unauthenticated VLANS —Are available to users, even if the ports attached to the VLAN are defined as unauthorized.
5.2.2 Defining Network Authentication Properties
The Network Security Authentication Properties Page allows network managers to configure network authentication
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parameters. In addition, Guest VLANs are enabled from the Network SecurityAuthentication Properties Page.
To define the network authentication properties:
1. Click System > Network Security > Authentication > Properties. The Network Security Authentication Properties
Page opens:
Figure 43: Network Security Authentication Properties
Page
The Network Security Authentication Properties Page
contains the following fields:
Port-Based Authentication State — Indicates if Port
Authentication is enabled on the device. The possible
field values are:
– Enable — Enables port-based authentication on the device.
– Disable — Disables port-based authentication on the device.
Authentication Method — Specifies the authentication method used for port authentication. The possible field values
are:
– None — Indicates that no authentication method is used to authenticate the port.
– RADIUS — Provides port authentication using the RADIUS server.
– RADIUS, None — Provides port authentication, first using the RADIUS server. If the port is not authenticated, then no
authentication method is used, and the session is permitted.
Guest VLAN — Specifies whether the Guest VLAN is enabled on the device. The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables using a Guest VLAN for unauthorized ports. If a Guest VLAN is enabled, the unauthorized port
automatically joins the VLAN selected in the VLAN List field.
– Disable — Disables port-based authentication on the device. This is the default.
Guest VLAN ID — Contains a list of VLANs. The Guest VLAN is selected from the VLAN list.
2. Enable the Port-Based Authentication, and define the Authentication Method, enable Guest VLAN, and select the Guest
VLAN ID.
3. Click
. The network security authentication properties are saved, and the device is updated.
5.2.2.1 Defining Port Authentication Properties
The PortAuthentication Page allows network managers to configure port-based authentication global parameters.
To define the port-based authentication global properties:
1. Click System > Network Security >Authentication > PortAuthentication. The PortAuthentication Page opens:
Figure 44: PortAuthentication Page
The PortAuthentication Page contains the following fields:
Copy from Entry Number — Copies port authentica-
tion information from the selected port.
to Entry Number(s) — Copies port authentication
information to the selected port.
Port — Displays a list of interfaces on which port-based
authentication is enabled.
User Name — Displays the supplicant user name.
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Current Port Control — Displays the current port authorization state. The possible field values are:
– Auto — Enables port-based authentication on the device. The interface moves between an authorized or unauthorized
state based on the authentication exchange between the device and the client.
– Authorized — Indicates the interface is in an authorized state without being authenticated. The interface re-sends and
receives normal traffic without client port-based authentication.
– Unauthorized — Denies the selected interface system access by moving the interface into unauthorized state. The
device cannot provide authentication services to the client through the interface.
Enable Periodic Reauthentication — Permits immediate port reauthentication. The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables immediate port reauthentication. This is the default value.
– Disable — Disables port reauthentication.
Reauthentication Period — Displays the time span (in seconds) in which the selected port is reauthenticated. The field
default is 3600 seconds.
Authenticator State — Displays the current authenticator state.
Quiet Period — Displays the number of seconds that the device remains in the quiet state following a failed
authentication exchange. The possible field range is 0-65535. The field default is 60 seconds.
Resending EAP — Defines the amount of time (in seconds) that lapses before EAP requests are resent. The field
default is 30 seconds.
Max EAP Requests — Displays the total amount of EAP requests sent. If a response is not received after the defined
period, the authentication process is restarted. The field default is 2 retries.
Supplicant Timeout — Displays the amount of time (in seconds) that lapses before EAP requests are resent to the
supplicant. The field default is 30 seconds.
Server Timeout — Displays the amount of time (in seconds) that lapses before the device re-sends a request to the
authentication server. The field default is 30 seconds.
Termination Cause — Indicates the reason for which the port authentication was terminated.
2. Click
. The PortAuthentication Settings Page opens:
Figure 45: PortAuthentication Settings Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Check "Reauthenticate Now" to immediately
reauthenticate the selected port when submitting.
5. Click
. The port authentication settings are
saved, and the device is updated.
5.2.2.2 Configuring Multiple Hosts
The Multiple Hosts Page allows network managers to
configure advanced port-based authentication settings
for specific ports and VLANs. For more information on
advanced port-based authentication, see Advanced Port-
BasedAuthentication.
To define the network authentication global properties:
1. Click System > Network Security >Authentication > Multiple Hosts. The Multiple Hosts Page opens:
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Figure 46: Multiple Hosts Page
The Multiple Hosts Page contains the following fields:
Port — Displays the port number for which advanced
port-based authentication is enabled.
Multiple Hosts — Indicates whether multiple hosts
are enabled. Multiple hosts must be enabled in order
to either disable the ingress-filter, or to use port-lock
security on the selected port. The possible field values
are:
– Multiple — Multiple hosts are enabled.
– Disable — Multiple hosts are disabled.
Action on Violation — Defines the action to be applied to packets arriving in single-host mode, from a host whose MAC
address is not the supplicant MAC address. The possible field values are:
– Forward — Forwards the packet.
– Discard — Discards the packets. This is the default value.
– Shutdown — Discards the packets and shuts down the port. The port remains shut down until reactivated, or until the
device is reset.
Traps — Indicates if traps are enabled for Multiple Hosts. The possible field values are:
– True — Indicates that traps are enabled for Multiple hosts.
– False — Indicates that traps are disabled for Multiple hosts.
Trap Frequency — Defines the time period by which traps are sent to the host. The Trap Frequency (1-1000000) field
can be defined only if multiple hosts are disabled. The default is 10 seconds.
Status — Indicates the host status. If there is an asterisk (*), the port is either not linked or is down. The possible field
values are:
– Unauthorized — Indicates that either the port control is Force Unauthorized and the port link is down, or the port
control isAuto but a client has not been authenticated via the port.
– Not inAuto Mode — Indicates that the port control is ForcedAuthorized, and clients have full port access.
– Single-host Lock — Indicates that the port control isAuto and a single client has been authenticated via the port.
– No Single Host — Indicates that Multiple Host is enabled.
Number of Violations — Indicates the number of packets that arrived on the interface in single-host mode, from a host
whose MAC address is not the supplicant MAC address.
2. Click
. The Multiple Host Settings Page opens:
Figure 47: Multiple Host Settings Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The multiple host settings are saved,
and the device is updated.
5.2.2.3 Defining Authentication Hosts
The Authenticated Hosts Page contains a list of
authenticated users.
To define authenticated users:
1. Click System > Network Security >Authentication >Authenticated Hosts. The Authenticated Hosts Page opens:
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Figure 48:Authenticated Hosts Page
The Authenticated Hosts Page contains the following fields:
User Name — Lists the supplicants that were
authenticated, and are permitted on each port.
Port — Displays the port number.
Session Time — Displays the amount of time (in
seconds) the supplicant was logged on the port.
Authentication Method — Displays the method by
which the last session was authenticated. The possible
field values are:
– Remote — 802.1x authentication is not used on this port (port is forced-authorized).
– None — The supplicant was not authenticated.
– RADIUS — The supplicant was authenticated by a RADIUS server.
MACAddress — Displays the supplicant MAC address.
5.2.3 Configuring Traffic Control
This section contains information for managing both port security and storm control, and includes the following topics:
Managing Port Security
Enabling Storm Control
5.2.3.1 Managing Port Security
Network security can be increased by limiting access on a specific port only to users with specific MAC addresses. The MAC
addresses can be dynamically learned or statically configured. Locked port security monitors both received and learned
packets that are received on specific ports. Access to the locked port is limited to users with specific MAC addresses. These
addresses are either manually defined on the port, or learned on that port up to the point when it is locked. When a packet
is received on a locked port, and the packet TP-Link source MAC address is not tied to that port (either it was learned on a
different port, or it is unknown to the system), the protection mechanism is invoked, and can provide various options.
Unauthorized packets arriving at a locked port are either:
Forwarded
Discarded with no trap
Discarded with a trap
Shuts down the port
Locked port security also enables storing a list of MAC addresses in the configuration file. The MAC address list can be
restored after the device has been reset.
Disabled ports are activated from the Port Security Page.
To view port security parameters:
1. Click System > Network Security > Traffic Control > Port Security. The Port Security Page opens:
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Figure 49: Port Security Page
The Port Security Page contains the following fields:
Interface — Displays the Port or LAG name.
Interface Status — Indicates the host status. The
possible field values are:
– Unauthorized — Indicates that the port control
is Force Unauthorized, the port link is down or
the port control is Auto, but a client has not been
authenticated via the port.
– Not in Auto Mode — Indicates that the port control is
ForcedAuthorized, and clients have full port access.
– Single-host Lock — Indicates that the port control isAuto and a single client has been authenticated via the port.
Learning Mode — Defines the locked port type. The Learning Mode field is enabled only if Locked is selected in the Set
Port field.The possible field values are:
– Classic Lock — Locks the port using the classic lock mechanism. The port is immediately locked, regardless of the
number of addresses that have already been learned.
– Limited Dynamic Lock — Locks the port by deleting the current dynamic MAC addresses associated with the port.
The port learns up to the maximum addresses allowed on the port. Both relearning and aging MAC addresses are
enabled.
Max Entries — Specifies the number of MAC address that can be learned on the port. The Max Entries field is enabled
only if Locked is selected in the Set Port field. In addition, the Limited Dynamic Lock mode is selected. The default is 1.
Action — Indicates the action to be applied to packets arriving on a locked port. The possible field values are:
– Forward — Forwards packets from an unknown source without learning the MAC address.
– Discard — Discards packets from any unlearned source. This is the default value.
– Shutdown — Discards packets from any unlearned source and shuts down the port. The port remains shut down until
reactivated, or until the device is reset.
Trap — Enables traps when a packet is received on a locked port. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Enables traps.
– Unchecked — Disables traps.
Trap Frequency (Sec.) — The amount of time (in seconds) between traps. The default value is 10 seconds To modify
port security:
1. Click
. The Port Security Settings Page opens:
Figure 50: Port Security Settings Page
2. Modify port security settings fields.
3. Click
. The port security settings are saved,
and the device is updated.
5.2.3.2 Enabling Storm Control
Storm control limits the amount of Multicast and Broadcast
frames accepted and forwarded by the device. When
Layer 2 frames are forwarded, Broadcast, and Multicast
frames are flooded to all ports on the relevant VLAN. This
occupies bandwidth, and loads all nodes on all ports.
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A Broadcast Storm is a result of an excessive amount of broadcast messages simultaneously transmitted across a network
by a single port. Forwarded message responses are heaped onto the network, straining network resources or causing the
network to time out. Storm control is enabled for all Gigabit ports by defining the packet type and the rate the packets are
transmitted. The system measures the incoming Broadcast and Multicast frame rates separately on each port, and discards
the frames when the rate exceeds a user-defined rate. The Storm Control Page provides fields for configuring broadcast
storm control.
To enable storm control for a port:
1. Click System > Network Security > Traffic Control > Storm Control. The Storm Control Page opens:
Figure 51: Storm Control Page
The Storm Control Page contains the following fields:
Port — Indicates the type of storm control which is
enabled on the selected port. The possible field values
are:
– U, cast B, cast M — tbd
– B, cast M, cast — tbd
– B, cast — tbd
Enable Broadcast Control — Indicates if forwarding
Broadcast packet types on the interface.
Broadcast Mode — Specifies the Broadcast mode currently enabled on the device. The possible field values are:
– Unknown Unicast, Multicast & Broadcast — Counts Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast traffic.
– Multicast & Broadcast — Counts both Broadcast and Multicast traffic together.
– SOHO Broadcast — Counts only the Broadcast traffic.
Broadcast Rate Threshold — Indicates the maximum rate (kilobytes per second) at which unknown packets are
forwarded. The range is 0-1,000,000. The default value is zero. All values are rounded to the nearest 64 Kbps. If the field
value is under 64 Kbps, the value is rounded up to 64 Kbps, with the exception of the value zero.
2. Click
next to the port to configure. The Storm Control Settings Page opens:
Figure 52: Storm Control Settings Page
3. Select the Port Storm Control Settings.
4. Click Enable Broadcast Control, and define the Rate
Threshold.
5. Click
. Storm control is enabled on the device
for the selected port.
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Section 6. Defining IPAddresses
This section provides information for defining IP addresses on the device using DHCP and ARP. In addition, this section
contains parameters for defining device default gateways, and Domain Name Servers.
This section contains the following topics:
Defining IPAddressing
Defining Domain Name System
6.1 Defining IP Addressing
This section provides information for assigning interface and default gateway IP addresses, and defining ARP and DHCP
parameters for the interfaces.
This section contains the following topics:
Defining IPAddresses
Defining the Default Gateway
Defining DHCPAddresses
DefiningARP
6.1.1 Defining IP Addresses
The IP Interface Page contains fields for assigning IP addresses. Packets are forwarded to the default IP when frames are
sent to a remote network. The configured IP address must belong to the same IP address subnet of one of the IP interfaces.
1. Click System > System Info > IP Configuration > IPAddressing. The IPInterface Page opens:
Figure 53: IP Interface Page
The IPInterface Page contains the following fields:
IP Address — Displays the currently configured IP
address.
Mask — Displays the currently configured IP address
mask.
Interface — Displays the interface used to manage the
device.
Dynamic — Indicates that the IP address is
dynamically created.
Static — Indicates the IP address is a static IP address.
Remove — Removes the selected IP address from the interface. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the IP address from the interface.
– Unchecked — Maintains the IP address assigned to the Interface.
2. Click
. The Add IPInterface Page opens:
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Figure 54:Add IP Interface Page
3. Define the IP Address, Network Mask, Prefix Length
and Interface (Port, LAG or VLAN).
4. Click
. The new interface is added and the
device is updated.
To modify IP interface settings:
1. Click System > System Info > IP Configuration > IPAddressing. The IPInterface Page opens.
2. Click
. The IPInterface Settings Page opens:
Figure 55: IP Interface Settings Page
3. Modify the IPAddress and Interface fields.
4. Click
. The interface is modified and the
device is updated.
6.1.2 Defining the Default Gateway
Packets are forwarded to the default IP when frames are sent to a remote network via the default gateway. The configured IP
address must belong to the same subnet of one of the IP interfaces.
To define a default gateway for the system:
1. Click System > System Info > IP Configuration > IP Addressing > Default Gateway. The Default Gateway Page
opens:
Figure 56: Default Gateway Page
The Default Gateway Page contains the following fields:
User Defined Default Gateway — Indicates the name
of the current default gateway.
Active Default Gateway — Indicates if the current
default gateway is defined as active.
Remove — Removes the defined default gateway.
2. Enter the name of the User Defined Default Gateway.
3. Click . The gateway is saved and the device is updated.
6.1.3 Defining DHCP Addresses
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) assigns dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network. DHCP ensures
that network devices can have a different IP address every time the device connects to the network.
To define DHCP addressing:
1. Click System > System Info > IP Configuration > IPAddressing > DHCP. The DHCPPage opens:
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Figure 57: DHCP Page
The DHCPPage contains the following fields:
Interface — Displays the IP address of the interface
which is connected to the DHCP server.
Host Name — Displays the system name.
Remove — Removes DHCP interfaces. The possible
field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected DHCP interface.
– Unchecked — Maintains the DHCP interfaces.
2. Click
. The Add IPInterface Page page opens:
Figure 58:Add IP Interface Page
3. Select the Interface (Port, LAG or VLAN).
4. Enter the Host Name.
5. Click
. The new interface is added to DHCP,
and the device is updated.
To remove the DHCP definition:
Click the Remove checkbox. The current DHCP definition is removed and system information is updated.
6.1.4 Defining ARP
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) converts IP addresses into physical addresses, and maps the IP address to a MAC
address.ARP allows a host to communicate with other hosts only when the IP address of its neighbors is known.
To defineARP:
1. Click System > System Info > IP Configuration > IPAddressing >ARP. The ARPPage opens:
Figure 59:ARP Page
The ARPPage contains the following fields:
ARP Entry Age Out — Specifies the amount of time
(in seconds) that passes between ARP Table entry.
requests. Following theARP EntryAge period, the entry
is deleted from the table. The range is 1 - 40000000.
The default value is 60000 seconds.
Clear ARP Table Entries — Specifies the types of
ARP entries that are cleared. The possible values are:
– None — Maintains theARP entries.
– All — Clears allARP entries.
– Dynamic — Clears only dynamicARP entries.
– Static — Clears only staticARP entries.
Interface — Displays the interface type forARP parameters. The possible field values are:
– Port — Indicates the port for whichARP parameters are defined.
– LAG — Indicates the LAG for whichARP parameters are defined.
– VLAN — Indicates the VLAN for whichARP parameters are defined.
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IPAddress - Indicates the station IP address, which is associated with the MAC address filled in below.
MACAddress - Displays the station MAC address, which is associated in theARP table with the IP address.
Status - Displays theARP table entry type. Possible field values are:
– Dynamic — Indicates theARP entry is learned dynamically.
– Static — Indicates theARP entry is a static entry.
Remove — Removes a specificARP entry. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selectedARP entries.
– Unchecked - Maintains the currentARP entries.
2. Define the ARPEntryAge Out parameter.
3. Define the ClearARPTable Entries parameter.
4. Click
. The AddARPEntry Page opens:
Figure 60:AddARP Entry Page
5. Select the Interface (Port, LAG or VLAN).
6. Define the IPAddress and the MACAddress.
7. Click
. The new entry is added to ARP, and
the device is updated.
6.2 Defining Domain Name System
Domain Name System (DNS) converts user-defined domain names into IP addresses. Each time a domain name is
assigned, the DNS service translates the name into a numeric IP address. For example, www.ipexample.com is translated
into 192.87.56.2. DNS servers maintain databases of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.
This section contains the following topics:
Defining DNS Servers
Configuring Host Mapping
6.2.1 Defining DNS Servers
The DNS Server Page contains fields for enabling and activating specific DNS servers.
To enable DNS and define the DNS server:
1. Click System > System Info > IP Configuration > Domain Name System. The DNS Server Page opens:
Figure 61: DNS Server Page
The DNS Server Page contains the following fields:
Enable DNS — Enables translating the DNS names
into IP addresses. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Translates the domains into IP
addresses.
– Unchecked — Disables translating domains into IP
addresses.
Default Domain Name — Specifies the user-defined
DNS server name.
Type — Displays the IP address type. The possible
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field values are:
– Dynamic — The IP address is dynamically created.
– Static — The IP address is a static IP address.
Remove — Removes DNS servers. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected DNS server
– Unchecked — Maintains the current DNS server list.
DNS Server — Displays the DNS server IP address. DNS servers are added in theAdd DNS Server Page.
Active Server — Specifies the DNS server that is currently active. The possible field values are:
– Selected —Activates the selected DNS server after the device is reset.
– Unselected — Deactivates the selected DNS server after the device is reset. This is the default value.
2. Click the Enable DNS checkbox.
3. Define the Default Domain Name.
4. Click
. The Add DNS Server Page opens:
Figure 62:Add DNS Server Page
5. Enter the DNS Server name and click Set DNS Server
Active.
6. Click
. The new server is added, and device
information is updated.
6.2.2 Configuring Host Mapping
The DNS Host Mapping Page provides information for defining DNS Host Mapping.
To define DNS host mapping:
1. Click System > System Info > IP Configuration > Domain Name System > Host Mapping. The Host Mapping Page
opens:
Figure 63: Host Mapping Page
The Host Mapping Page contains the following fields:
Host Names — Displays a user-defined default
domain name. When defined, the default domain name
is applied to all unqualified host names. The Host
Name field can contain up to 158 characters.
IPAddress — Displays the DNS host IP address.
Remove — Removes default domain names. The
possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected DNS host.
– Unchecked — Maintains the current DNS host mapping list.
2. Click
. The Add DNS Host Page opens:
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Figure 64:Add DNS Host Page
3. Enter the Host Name and IPAddress.
4. Click
. The new DNS host is added to the
hosts list in the Host Mapping Page.
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Section 7. Configuring Interfaces
This section contains the following topics:
Configuring Ports
Configuring LAGs
Configuring VLANs
7.1 Configuring Ports
The Interface Configuration Page contains fields for defining port parameters.
To define port parameters:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Interface > Interface Configuration. The Interface Configuration Page opens:
Figure 65: Interface Configuration Page
The Interface Configuration Page is divided into the
following sections:
Interface Configuration Ports Table
Interface Configuration LAG Ports Table
The Interface Configuration Ports Table contains the
following fields:
Interface — Displays the port number.
Port Status — Indicates whether the port is currently
operational or non-operational. The possible field values are:
– Up — Indicates the port is currently operating.
– Down — Indicates the port is currently not operating.
Port Speed — Displays the configured rate for the port. The port type determines what speed setting options are
available. Port speeds can only be configured when auto negotiation is disabled. The possible field values are:
– 10 — Indicates the port is currently operating at 10 Mbps.
– 100 — Indicates the port is currently operating at 100 Mbps.
– 1000 — Indicates the port is currently operating at 1000 Mbps.
Duplex Mode — Displays the port duplex mode. This field is configurable only when auto negotiation is disabled,
and the port speed is set to 10M or 100M. This field cannot be configured on LAGs. The possible field
values are:
– Full — The interface supports transmission between the device and its link partner in both directions simultaneously.
– Half — The interface supports transmission between the device and the client in only one direction at a time.
Auto Negotiation — Displays the auto negotiation status on the port. Auto negotiation is a protocol between two link
partners that enables a port to advertise its transmission rate, duplex mode, and flow control abilities to its partner.
Advertisement — Defines the auto negotiation setting the port advertises. The possible field values are:
– Max Capability — Indicates that all port speeds and duplex mode settings are accepted.
– 10 Half — Indicates that the port advertises for a 10 Mbps speed port and half duplex mode setting.
– 10 Full — Indicates that the port advertises for a 10 Mbps speed port and full duplex mode setting.
– 100 Half — Indicates that the port advertises for a 100 Mbps speed port and half duplex mode setting.
– 100 Full — Indicates that the port advertises for a 100 Mbps speed port and full duplex mode setting.
– 1000 Full — Indicates that the port advertises for a 1000 Mbps speed port and full duplex mode setting.
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– 1000 Half — Indicates that the port advertises for a 1000 Mbps speed port and half duplex mode setting.
Back Pressure — Displays the back pressure mode on the port. Back pressure mode is used with half duplex mode to
disable ports from receiving messages.
Flow Control — Displays the flow control status on the port. Operates when the port is in full duplex mode.
MDI/MDIX — Displays the MDI/MDIX status on the port. Hubs and switches are deliberately wired opposite the way
end stations are wired, so that when a hub or switch is connected to an end station, a straight through Ethernet cable
can be used, and the pairs are matched up properly. When two hubs or switches are connected to each other, or two
end stations are connected to each other, a crossover cable is used to ensure that the correct pairs are connected. The
possible field values are:
– Auto — Use to automatically detect the cable type.
– MDI (Media Dependent Interface) — Use for end stations.
– MDIX (Media Dependent Interface with Crossover) — Use for hubs and switches.
LAG — Indicates whether the port is part of a LinkAggregation Group (LAG).
The Interface Configuration LAG table contains the following fields:
LAG — Indicates whether the port is part of a LinkAggregation Group (LAG).
LAG Type — Indicates the type of LAG defined by the first port assigned to the LAG. For example, 100-Copper, or
100-Fiber.
LAG Status — Indicates whether the LAG is up or down.
LAG Speed — Displays the configured aggregated rate for the LAG. The possible field values are:
– 10 — Indicates the port is currently operating at 10 Mbps.
– 100 — Indicates the port is currently operating at 100 Mbps.
– 1000 — Indicates the port is currently operating at 1000 Mbps.
Auto Negotiation — Displays the auto negotiation status of the LAG. Auto negotiation is a protocol between two link
partners that enables a port to advertise its transmission rate, duplex mode, and flow control abilities to its partner.
Back Pressure — Displays the back pressure mode on the LAG. Back pressure mode is used with half duplex mode to
disable ports in the LAG from receiving messages.
Flow Control — Displays the flow control status of the LAG.
2. Click
next to the item to modify. The Port or LAG Interface Configuration Settings Page opens:
Figure 66: Interface Configuration Settings Page
In addition to the fields in the Interface Configuration Page,
the Port or LAG Interface Configuration Settings Page
contains the following additional field:
Reactivate Suspended Port - Reactivates a suspended
port. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Reactivates or unlocks the suspended
port.
– Unchecked — Maintains the port's locked/
suspended state.
3. Modify the Admin Speed, Admin Duplex, and Admin
Advertisement fields.
4. Click
. The parameters are saved, and the
device is updated.
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7.2 Configuring LAGs
Link Aggregation optimizes port usage by linking a group of ports together to form a single LAG. Aggregating ports multiplies
the bandwidth between the devices, increases port flexibility, and provides link redundancy.
The TP-Link device supports both static LAGs and Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) LAGs. LACP LAGs negotiate
aggregating port links with other LACP ports located on a different device. If the other device ports are also LACP ports, the
devices establish a LAG between them.
When configuring LAGs, ensure the following:
All ports within a LAG must be the same media type.
AVLAN is not configured on the port.
The port is not assigned to a different LAG.
Auto-negotiation mode is not configured on the port.
The port is in full-duplex mode.
All ports in the LAG have the same ingress filtering and tagged modes.
All ports in the LAG have the same back pressure and flow control modes.
All ports in the LAG have the same priority.
All ports in the LAG have the same transceiver type.
The device supports up to eight LAGs, and eight ports in each LAG.
Ports can be configured as LACP ports only if the ports are not part of a previously configured LAG.
Ports added to a LAG lose their individual port configuration. When ports are removed from the LAG, the original port
configuration is applied to the ports.
This section contains the following topics:
Defining LAG Members
Configuring LACP
7.2.1 Defining LAG Members
To define LAG members:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Interface > LAG Membership. The LAG Membership Page opens:
Figure 67: LAG Membership Page
The LAG Membership Page contains the following fields:
LAG Port — Displays the LAG number.
Name — Displays the user-defined port name.
Link State — Displays the link operational status.
Members— Displays the ports configured to the LAG.
Membership groups are indicated as bold when active
and as grayed when passive.
Remove — Removes the LAG. The possible field
values:
– Checked — Removes the selected LAG.
– Unchecked— Maintains the LAGs.
To modify LAG Membership:
1. Click . The LAG Membership Settings Page opens.
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Figure 68: LAG Membership Settings Page
The LAG Membership Settings Page contains the following
fields:
LAG — Contains a user-defined drop-down LAG list.
Lag Name — Displays the user-defined LAG name.
LACP — Indicates if LACP is defined on the LAG. The
possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables LACP on the LAG.
– Disable — Disables LACP on the LAG. This is the
default value.
Port List — Displays a list of ports. Ports in the Port List
can be added to the LAG.
LAG Members — Displays the list of the ports included
in the LAG.
2. Define the LAG fields for the LAG port.
3. Click ports in the Port List and add the ports to the LAG Members list, using
.
4. Click
. The interface LAG membership properties are modified, and the device is updated.
7.2.2 Configuring LACP
LAG ports can contain different media types if the ports are operating at the same speed. Aggregated links can be set
up manually or automatically established by enabling LACP on the relevant links. Aggregate ports can be linked into link-
aggregation port-groups. Each group is comprised of ports with the same speed. The LACP Parameters Page contains fields
for configuring LACP LAGs.
To view and configure LACP:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Interface > LACP Parameters. The LACPParameters Page opens:
Figure 69: LACP Parameters Page
The LACPParameters Page contains the following fields:
LACP System Priority — Specifies system priority
value. The field range is 1-65535. The field default is 1.
Port — Displays the port number to which timeout and
priority values are assigned.
Port Priority — Displays the LACP priority value for the
port. The field range is 1-65535.
LACP Timeout — Displays the administrative LACP
timeout.
2. Define the LACPSystem Priority and click
. The system priority for LACP is saved and the device is updated.
To modify LACP parameters:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Interface > LACP Parameters. The LACPParameters Page opens.
2. Click . The LACPParameters Settings Page opens:
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Figure 70: LACP Parameters Settings Page
3. Define the Port Priority and LACPTimeout settings.
4. Click
. The LACP settings are saved and the
device is updated.
7.3 Configuring VLANs
VLANs are logical subgroups with a Local Area Network (LAN) which combine user stations and network devices into a
single unit, regardless of the physical LAN segment to which they are attached. VLANs allow network traffic to flow more
efficiently within subgroups. VLANs use software to reduce the amount of time it takes for network changes, additions, and
moves to be implemented.
VLANs have no minimum number of ports, and can be created per unit, per device, or through any other logical connection
combination, since they are software-based and not defined by physical attributes.
VLANs function at Layer 2. Since VLANs isolate traffic within the VLAN, a Layer 3 router working at a protocol level is
required to allow traffic flow between VLANs. Layer 3 routers identify segments and coordinate with VLANs. VLANs are
Broadcast and Multicast domains. Broadcast and Multicast traffic is transmitted only in the VLAN in which the traffic is
generated.
VLAN tagging provides a method of transferring VLAN information between VLAN groups. VLAN tagging attaches a 4-byte
tag to packet headers. The VLAN tag indicates to which VLAN the packets belong. VLAN tags are attached to the VLAN by
either the end station or the network device. VLAN tags also contain VLAN network priority information.
Combining VLANs and GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network managers to define network nodes
into Broadcast domains.
This section contains the following topics:
Adding VLAN
Defining VLAN Properties
Defining VLAN Membership
Defining VLAN Interface Settings
Configuring GARP
Defining GVRP
7.3.1 Defining VLAN Properties
The VLAN Member Properties Page provides information and global parameters for configuring and working with VLANs.
To add a new VLAN:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > VLAN > Membership. The VLAN Member Properties Page opens:
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Figure 71: VLAN Member Properties Page
The VLAN Member Properties Page contains the following
fields:
Select VLAN ID — Displays the properties of the
selected VLAN in the VLANs table below.
Show All — Displays the properties of all defined
VLANS in the VLANs table below.
VLAN ID — Displays the VLAN ID.
Name — Displays the user-defined VLAN name.
Type— Displays the VLAN type. The possible field
values are:
– Dynamic — Indicates the VLAN was dynamically created through GARP.
– Static — Indicates the VLAN is user-defined.
– Default — Indicates the VLAN is the default VLAN.
Unauthenticaed VLAN — Indicates whether unauthorized users can access a Guest VLAN. The possible field values
are:
– Enabled — Enables unauthorized users to use the Guest VLAN.
– Disabled — Disables unauthorized users from using the Guest VLAN.
Remove — Removes VLANs. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected VLAN.
– Unchecked — Maintains the current VLANs.
To add a new VLAN:
1. Click
. The Add VLAN Page opens:
Figure 72:Add VLAN Page
2. Define the VLAN ID and VLAN Name.
3. Click
. The new VLAN is saved and the
device is updated.
To define VLAN properties:
1. Click
. The Edit VLAN Page opens.
Figure 73: Edit VLAN Page
2. Modify the VLAN Name and Disable Authentication
fields.
3. Click
. The VLAN properties are saved.
4. In the VLAN Member Properties Page, Click
The VLAN information is saved and the device is
updated.
7.3.2 Defining VLAN Membership
The VLAN Member Membership Page contains a table that maps VLAN parameters to ports. Ports are assigned VLAN
membership by toggling through the Port Control settings.
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To define VLAN membership:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > VLAN >Membership > Membership. The VLAN Member Membership Page
opens:
Figure 74: VLAN Member Membership Page
The VLAN Member Membership Page contains the
following fields:
VLAN ID — Displays the user-defined VLAN ID.
VLAN Name — Displays the name of the VLAN
VLAN Type — Indicates the VLAN type. The possible
field values are:
– Dynamic — Indicates the VLAN was dynamically
created through GARP.
– Static — Indicates the VLAN is user-defined.
– Default — Indicates the VLAN is the default VLAN.
Port — Indicates the port membership.
LAG — Indicates the LAG membership.
U — Indicates the interface is an untagged VLAN member. Packets forwarded by the interface are untagged.
T — Indicates the interface is a tagged member of a VLAN.All packets forwarded by the interface are tagged.
The packets contain VLAN information.
I — Includes the port in the VLAN.
E — Excludes the interface from the VLAN. However, the interface can be added to the VLAN through GARP.
R — Denies the interface VLAN membership, even if GARP indicates the port is to be added.
7.3.3 Defining VLAN Interface Settings
The VLAN Interface Settings Page contains fields for managing ports that are part of a VLAN. The Port Default VLAN ID (PVID)
is configured on the VLAN Interface Settings Page.All untagged packets arriving at the device are tagged with the port PVID.
To define VLAN interfaces:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > VLAN > Membership > Interface Settings. The VLAN Interface Settings Page
opens.
Figure 75: VLAN Interface Settings Page
The VLAN Interface Settings Page contains the following
fields:
Interface — Displays the port number included in the
VLAN.
Interface VLAN Mode — Displays the port mode. The
possible values are:
– General — Indicates the port belongs to VLANs, and
each VLAN is user-defined as tagged or untagged
(full IEEE802.1q mode).
– Access — Indicates a port belongs to a single
untagged VLAN. When a port is inAccess mode, the
packet types which are accepted on the port cannot
be designated. Ingress filtering cannot be enabled or
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disabled on an access port.
– Trunk — Indicates the port belongs to VLANs in which all ports are tagged, except for one port that can be untagged.
– PVE - Promiscuous — Indicates the port is part of a PV Promiscuous VLAN.
– PVE - Isolated — Indicates the port is part of a PV Isolated VLAN.
– PVE - Community — Indicates the port is part of a PV Community VLAN.
Dynamic —Assigns a port to a VLAN based on the host source MAC address connected to the port.
PVID — Assigns a VLAN ID to untagged packets. The possible values are 1-4094. VLAN 4095 is defined as per
standard and industry practice as the Discard VLAN. Packets classified to the Discard VLAN are dropped.
Frame Type — Specifies the packet type accepted on the port. The possible field values are:
– Admit Tag Only — Only tagged packets are accepted on the port.
– AdmitAll — Both tagged and untagged packets are accepted on the port.
Ingress Filtering — Indicates whether ingress filtering is enabled on the port. The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables ingress filtering on the device. Ingress filtering discards packets that are defined to VLANs of which
the specific port is not a member.
– Disable — Disables ingress filtering on the device.
Reserve VLAN — Indicates that the VLAN selected by the user is reserved, if not in use by the system.
To modify VLAN interface or LAG settings:
1. Click
. The VLAN / LAG Interface Settings Page opens.
Figure 76: VLAN / LAG Interface Settings Page
2. Modify the Port VLAN Mode, Dynamic, Frame Type,
Ingress FIltering, and Reserve VLAN fields.
3. Click
. The VLAN or LAG interface is
configured and device information is updated.
7.3.4 Configuring GARP
This section contains information for configuring Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP). This section includes the
following topics:
Defining GARP
Defining GVRP
7.3.4.1 Defining GARP
Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) protocol is a general-purpose protocol that registers any network connectivity
or membership-style information. GARP defines a set of devices interested in a given network attribute, such as VLAN or
multicast address.
When configuring GARP, ensure the following:
The leave time must be greater than or equal to three times the join time.
The leave-all time must be greater than the leave time.
Set the same GARP timer values on all Layer 2-connected devices. If the GARP timers are set differently on the Layer
2-connected devices, the GARP application does not operate successfully.
To define GARP:
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1. Click System > Bridging Config > VLAN > GARP. The GARPParameters Page opens:
Figure 77: GARP Parameters Page
The GARPParameters Page contains the following fields:
Copy from Entry Number — Indicates the row
number from which GARP parameters are copied.
To Entry Number — Indicates the row number to
which GARP parameters are copied.
Interface — Displays the port or LAG on which GARP
is enabled.
Join Timer— Indicates the amount of time, in
centiseconds, that PDUs are transmitted. The default
value is 20 centiseconds.
Leave Timer— Indicates the amount of time lapse,
in centiseconds, that the device waits before leaving
its GARP state. Leave time is activated by a Leave All
Time message sent/received, and cancelled by the Join
message received. Leave time must be greater than or
equal to three times the join time. The default value is 60 centiseconds.
Leave All Timer — Indicates the amount of time lapse, in centiseconds, that all device waits before leaving the GARP
state. The leave all time must be greater than the leave time. The default value is 1000 centiseconds.
2. In the Copy From Entry Number field, enter the interface #; in the To Row Number(s) field, enter the row number of the
required interface.
3. Click
. The GARP parameters are modified, and the device is updated.
To modify GARP settings:
1. Click
next to the item to modify. The GARPParameters Settings Page opens:
Figure 78: GARP Parameters Settings Page
2. Modify the Timer parameters.
3. Click
. The GARP parameters are modified,
and the device is updated.
7.3.5 Defining GVRP
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) is specifically provided for automatic distribution of VLAN membership
information among VLAN-aware bridges. GVRP allows VLAN-aware bridges to automatically learn VLANs to bridge ports
mapping, without having to individually configure each bridge and register VLAN membership.
To define GVRP on the device:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > VLAN > GARP > GVRP. The GVRPParameters Page opens:
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Figure 79: GVRP Parameters Page
The GVRP Parameters Page is divided into port and LAG
parameters. The field definitions are the same.
The GVRPParameters Page contains the following fields:
GVRP Global — Indicates if GVRP is enabled on the
device. The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables GVRP on the selected device.
– Disable — Disables GVRP on the selected device.
Interface — Displays the port on which GVRP is
enabled. The possible field values are:
– Port — Indicates the port number on which GVRP is
enabled.
– LAG — Indicates the LAG number on which GVRP
is enabled.
GVRP State — Indicates if GVRP is enabled on the
port. The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables GVRP on the selected port.
– Disable — Disables GVRP on the selected port.
Dynamic VLAN Creation — Indicates if Dynamic VLAN creation is enabled on the interface. The possible field values
are:
– Enable — Enables Dynamic VLAN creation on the interface.
– Disable — Disables Dynamic VLAN creation on the interface.
GVRP Registration — Indicates if VLAN registration through GVRP is enabled on the device. The possible field values
are:
– Enable — Enables GVRP registration on the device.
– Disable — Disables GVRP registration on the device.
2. Select the GVRPGlobal status and click
To modify global GVRP or LAG parameters:
1. Click next to GVRP or LAG global interface settings item. The GVRPParameters Settings Page opens:
. The global GVRP parameters are saved.
Figure 80: GVRP Parameters Settings Page
2. Enable or disable GVRP State, Dynamic VLAN
Creation and GVRPRegistration.
3. Click
. The global GVRP or LAG parameters
are modified, and the device is updated.
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Section 8. Defining the Forwarding Database
Packets addressed to destinations stored in either the Static or Dynamic databases are immediately forwarded to the
port. The Dynamic MAC Address Table can be sorted by interface, VLAN, or MAC Address, whereas MAC addresses are
dynamically learned as packets from sources that arrive at the device. Static addresses are configured manually.
An address becomes associated with a port by learning the port from the frame’s source address, but if a frame that is
addressed to a destination MAC address is not associated with a port, that frame is flooded to all relevant VLAN ports. To
prevent the bridging table from overflowing, a dynamic MAC address, from which no traffic arrives for a set period, is erased.
This section contains information for defining both static and dynamic forwarding addresses, and includes the following
topics:
Configuring StaticAddresses
Configuring Dynamic ForwardingAddresses
8.1 Configuring Static Addresses
The Forwarding Database Static Addresses Page contains parameters for defining the age interval on the device. To prevent
static MAC addresses from being deleted when the device is reset, ensure that the port attached to the MAC address is
locked. To prevent static MAC addresses from being deleted when the device is reset, ensure that the port attached to the
MAC address is locked.
To define Static addressing for the forwarding database:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Forwarding Database > Static Addresses. The Forwarding Database Static
Addresses Page opens:
Figure 81: Forwarding Database StaticAddresses Page
The Forwarding Database Static Addresses Page contains
the following fields:
VLAN ID — Displays the VLAN ID number to which
the entry refers.
MAC Address — Displays the MAC address to which
the entry refers.
Interface — Displays the interface to which the entry
refers:
– Port — The specific port number to which the
forwarding database parameters refer.
– LAG — The specific LAG number to which the forwarding database parameters refer.
Status — Displays how the entry was created. The possible field values are:
– Secure — The MACAddress is defined for locked ports.
– Permanent — The MAC address is permanent.
– Delete on Reset — The MAC address is deleted when the device is reset.
– Delete on Timeout — The MAC address is deleted when a timeout occurs.
Remove — Removes the entry. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected entry.
– Unchecked — Maintains the current static forwarding database.
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2. Click
opens:
. The Add Forwarding Database Page
Figure 82:Add Forwarding Database Page
3. Define the Interface, MAC Address, VLAN ID or VLAN
Name, and Status fields.
4. Click
. The forwarding database information is
modified, and the device is updated.
8.2 Configuring Dynamic Forwarding Addresses
The Dynamic Addresses Page contains parameters for querying information in the Dynamic MAC Address Table, including
the interface type, MAC addresses, VLAN, and table storing. The Dynamic MAC Address Table contains information about
the aging time before a dynamic MAC address is erased, and includes parameters for querying and viewing the Dynamic
MACAddress table. The Dynamic MACAddress table contains address parameters by which packets are directly forwarded
to the ports. The DynamicAddress Table can be sorted by interface, VLAN, and MACAddress.
To define the dynamic forwarding addresses:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Forwarding Database > Dynamic Addresses. The Dynamic Addresses Page
opens:
Figure 83: DynamicAddresses Page
The DynamicAddresses Page contains the following fields:
Address Aging (Sec.) — Specifies the amount of
time in seconds that the MAC address remains in the
Dynamic MAC Address table before being timed out, if
no traffic from the source is detected. The default value
is 300 seconds.
Clear Table — Clears the CurrentAddress Table.
The Query by: section contains the following fields:
Interface — Specifies the interface (Port or LAG) for
which the table is queried.
MAC Address — Specifies the MAC address for
which the table is queried.
VLAN ID — Specifies the VLAN ID for which the table
is queried.
Address Table Sort Key —Specifies the means by which the Dynamic MACAddress Table is sorted. The address table
can be sorted by address, VLAN, or interface.
The Current Address Table section displays the parameters of the dynamic addresses defined: VLAN ID, MAC (Address)
and Interface.
2. To browse the addresses, click
.
To query the Dynamic MACAddress Table:
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1. Click System > Bridging Config > Forwarding Database > Dynamic Addresses. The Dynamic Addresses Page
opens.
2. Select the Interface, the MACAddress, and the VLAN ID.
3. Select an Address Table Sort Key.
4. Click
. The Dynamic MACAddress Table is queried, and the results are displayed in the CurrentAddress Table.
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Section 9. Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) provides tree topography for any arrangement of bridges. STP also provides a single
path between end stations on a network, eliminating loops. Loops occur when alternate routes exist between hosts. Loops
in an extended network can cause bridges to forward traffic indefinitely, resulting in increased traffic and reducing network
efficiency.
The TP-Link device supports the following STP versions:
Classic STP — Provides a single path between end stations, avoiding and eliminating loops.
For more information on configuring Classic STP, see Configuring the Classic STP.
Rapid STP — Detects and uses network topologies that provide faster convergence of the spanning tree, without
creating forwarding loops.
For more information on configuring Rapid STP, see Configuring the Rapid STP.
Multiple STP — Provides various load balancing scenarios. For example, if port A is blocked in one STP instance, the
same port can be placed in the Forwarding State in another STP instance.
For more information on configuring Multiple STP, see Configuring the Multiple STP.
This section contains the following topics:
Configuring the Classic STP
Configuring the Rapid STP
Configuring the Multiple STP
9.1 Configuring the Classic STP
This section describes the following topics:
Defining STP Properties
Defining STP Interface Settings
9.1.1 Defining STP Properties
The STPProperties Page contains parameters for enabling STP on the device.
To define STP properties:
1. Click System > Bridging Info > Spanning Tree > STP
> Properties. The STPProperties Page opens:
Figure 84: STP Properties Page
The STPProperties Page contains the following fields:
Spanning Tree State — Indicates whether STP is
enabled on the device. The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables STP on the device.
– Disable — Disables STP on the device.
STP Operation Mode — Specifies the STP mode that
is enabled on the device. The possible field values are:
– Classic STP — Enables Classic STP on the device.
This is the default value.
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– Rapid STP — Enables Rapid STP on the device.
– Multiple STP — Enables Multiple STP on the device.
BPDU Handling — Determines how BPDU packets are managed when STP is disabled on the port or device. BPDUs
are used to transmit spanning tree information. The possible field values are:
– Filtering — Filters BPDU packets when spanning tree is disabled on an interface. This is the default value.
– Flooding — Floods BPDU packets when spanning tree is disabled on an interface.
Path Cost Default Values — Specifies the method used to assign default path cost to STP ports.
The possible field values are:
– Short — Specifies 1 through 65,535 range for port path cost. This is the default value.
– Long — Specifies 1 through 200,000,000 range for port path cost. The default path cost assigned to an interface varies
according to the selected method (Hello Time, MaxAge, or Forward Delay).
The Bridge Settings section contains the following fields:
Priority (0-65535) — Specifies the bridge priority value. When switches or bridges are running STP, each is assigned a
priority. After exchanging BPDUs, the device with the lowest priority value becomes the Root Bridge. The default value is
32768. The port priority value is provided in increments of 4096.
Hello Time (1-10) — Specifies the device Hello Time. The Hello Time indicates the amount of time in seconds a Root
Bridge waits between configuration messages. The default is 2 seconds.
Max Age (6-40) — Specifies the device Maximum Age Time. The Maximum Age Time is the amount of time in seconds
a bridge waits before sending configuration messages. The default MaximumAge Time is 20 seconds.
Forward Delay (4-30) — Specifies the device Forward Delay Time. The Forward Delay Time is the amount of time in
seconds a bridge remains in a listening and learning state before forwarding packets. The default is 15 seconds.
The Designated Port section contains the following fields:
Bridge ID — Identifies the Bridge priority and MAC address.
Root Bridge ID — Identifies the Root Bridge priority and MAC address.
Root Port — Indicates the port number that offers the lowest cost path from this bridge to the Root Bridge. This field is
significant when the bridge is not the Root Bridge. The default is zero.
Root Path Cost — The cost of the path from this bridge to the Root Bridge.
Topology Changes Counts — Specifies the total amount of STP state changes that have occurred.
Last Topology Change — Indicates the amount of time that has elapsed since the bridge was initialized or reset, and
the last topographic change that occurred. The time is displayed in a day-hour-minute-second format, such as 2 days 5
hours 10 minutes and 4 seconds.
2. Complete the Spanning Tree State and Bridge Settings fields.
3. Click
. The new STP definition is added and device information is updated.
9.1.2 Defining STP Interface Settings
Network administrators can assign STP settings to specific interfaces using the STP Interface Settings Page. The Global
LAGs section displays the STP information for LinkAggregated Groups.
To assign STP settings to an interface:
1. Click System > Bridging Info > Spanning Tree > STP > Interface Settings. The STPInterface Settings Page opens:
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Figure 85: STP Interface Settings Page
The STP Interface Settings Page contains the following
fields:
Interface — The interface for which the information is
displayed.
STP Status — Indicates if STP is enabled on the port.
The possible field values are:
– Enabled — Enables the STP on the port.
– Disabled — Disables the STP on the port.
Fast Link — Indicates if Fast Link is enabled on the
port. If Fast Link mode is enabled for a port, the Port
State is automatically placed in the Forwarding state when the port link is up. Fast Link optimizes the STP protocol
convergence. STP convergence can take 30-60 seconds in large networks.
Root Guard — Prevents devices outside the network core from being assigned the spanning tree root.
Port State — Displays the current STP state of a port. If enabled, the port state determines what forwarding action is
taken on traffic. Possible port states are:
– Disabled — Indicates that STP is currently disabled on the port. The port forwards traffic while learning MAC
addresses.
– Blocking — Indicates that the port is currently blocked and cannot forward traffic or learn MAC addresses. Blocking is
displayed when Classic STP is enabled.
Speed — Indicates the speed at which the port is operating.
Path Cost — Indicates the port contribution to the root path cost. The path cost is adjusted to a higher or lower value,
and is used to forward traffic when a path is re-routed.
Priority — Indicates the priority value of the port. The priority value influences the port choice when a bridge has two
ports connected in a loop. The priority value is between 0 -240. The priority value is determined in increments of 16.
Designated Bridge ID — Indicates the bridge priority and the MACAddress of the designated bridge.
Designated Port ID — Indicates the selected port priority and interface.
Designated Cost — Indicates the cost of the port participating in the STP topology. Ports with a lower cost are less likely
to be blocked if STP detects loops.
Forward Transitions — Indicates the number of times the port has changed from Forwarding state to Blocking state.
LAG — Indicates the LAG to which the port belongs.
To modify the STP settings:
1. Click
. The STPInterface Settings Page opens.
Figure 86: STP Interface Settings Page
2. Click the STP enable checkbox.
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The settings for the selected interface
are modified, and device information is updated.
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9.2 Configuring the Rapid STP
While Classic STP prevents Layer 2 forwarding loops in a general network topology, convergence can take between 30-60
seconds. This time may delay detecting possible loops and propagating status topology changes. Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol (RSTP) detects and uses network topologies that allow a faster STP convergence without creating forwarding
loops. The Global System LAG information displays the same field information as the ports, but represent the LAG RSTP
information.
To view and define RSTP:
1. Click System > Bridging Info > Spanning Tree > RSTP. The RSTPPage opens:
Figure 87: RSTP Page
The RSTPPage contains the following fields:
Interface — Displays the port or LAG on which Rapid
STP is enabled.
Role — Displays the port role assigned by the STP
algorithm to provide to STP paths.
The possible field values are:
– Root — Provides the lowest cost path to forward
packets to the root switch.
– Designated — Indicates the port or LAG through
which the designated switch is attached to the LAN.
– Alternate — Provides an alternate path to the root
switch from the root interface.
– Backup — Provides a backup path to the designated port path toward the Spanning Tree leaves. Backup ports occur
only when two ports are connected in a loop by a point-to-point link, or when a LAN has two or more connections
connected to a shared segment.
– Disabled — Indicates that the port is not participating in the Spanning Tree.
Mode — Displays the current STP mode. The STP mode is selected in the STPProperties Page.
The possible field values are:
– STP— Indicates that Classic STP is enabled on the device.
– Rapid STP — Indicates that Rapid STP is enabled on the device.
– Multiple STP — Indicates that Multiple STP is enabled on the device.
Fast Link Operational Status — Indicates whether Fast Link is enabled or disabled for the port or LAG. If Fast Link is
enabled for a port, the port is automatically placed in the forwarding state.
Point-to-Point Admin Status — Indicates whether a point-to-point link is established, or if the device is permitted to
establish a point-to-point link. The possible field values are:
– Enable — The device is permitted to establish a point-to-point link, or is configured to automatically establish a point-to-
point link. To establish communications over a point-to-point link, the originating PPP first sends Link Control Protocol
(LCP) packets to configure and test the data link. After a link is established and optional facilities are negotiated as
needed by the LCP, the originating PPP sends Network Control Protocol (NCP) packets to select and configure one
or more network layer protocols. When each of the chosen network layer protocols has been configured, packets from
each network layer protocol can be sent over the link. The link remains configured for communications until explicit
LCP or NCP packets close the link, or until some external event occurs. This is the actual switch port link type. It may
differ from the administrative state.
– Disable — Disables point-to-point link.
– Auto — Enables a point-to-point link automatically.
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Point-to-Point Operational Status — Displays the point-to-point operating state.
LAG — Displays the LAG to which the interface is attached.
2. Click
. The RSTPSettings Page opens:
Figure 88: RSTP Settings Page
The RSTP Settings Page contains the following fields in
addition to the settings listed in the RSTPPage:
Activate Protocol Migration — Indicates whether
sending Link Control Protocol (LCP) packets to
configure and test the data link is enabled. The possible
field values are:
– Checked — Enables the Protocol Migration.
– Unchecked — Disables the Protocol Migration.
3. In the RSTP Settings Page, modify the following fields as required: Point-to-Point Admin Status, Point-to-Point
Operational Status.
4. Check the "Activate Protocol Migration Test" check box to activate Protocol Migration.
5. Click
6. Click
.
in the RSTPPage. The RSTP parameters are saved, and the device is updated.
9.3 Configuring the Multiple STP
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) provides differing load balancing scenarios. For example, while port A is blocked in
one STP instance, the same port can be placed in the Forwarding state in another STP instance.
This section contains the following topics:
Defining MSTP Properties
Configuring MSTP Instances
Configuring MSTP VLAN Instances
Configuring MSTP Interface Settings
9.3.1 Defining MSTP Properties
The MSTP Properties Page contains information for defining global MSTP settings, including region names, MSTP revisions,
and maximum hops.
To define MSTP:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Spanning Tree > MSTP > Properties. The MSTPProperties Page opens:
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Figure 89: MSTP Properties Page
The MSTPProperties Page contains the following fields:
Region Name — Indicates the name of the user-
defined STP region.
Revision — Indicates that an unsigned 16-bit number
that identifies the revision of the current MSTP
configuration. The revision number is required as part
of the MSTP configuration.
The possible range is 0-65535.
Max Hops — Specifies the total number of hops that occur in a specific region before the BPDU is discarded. Once the
BPDU is discarded, the port information is aged out. The possible field range is 1-40. The default value is 20 hops.
IST Master — Identifies the Spanning Tree Master instance. The IST Master is the specified instance root.
2. Define the Region Name, Revision and Max Hops fields.
3. Click . The device information is updated.
9.3.2 Configuring MSTP Instances
MSTP maps VLANs into STP instances. Packets assigned to various VLANs are transmitted along different paths within
Multiple Spanning Tree Regions (MST Regions). Regions are one or more Multiple Spanning Tree bridges by which frames
can be transmitted. In configuring MSTP, the MST region to which the device belongs is defined. A configuration consists of
the name, revision, and region to which the device belongs.
Network administrators can define the MSTP instance settings using the MSTPInstance Settings Page.
To define instance settings for MSTP:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Spanning Tree > MSTP > Instance Settings. The MSTP Instance Settings Page
opens:
Figure 90: MSTP Instance Settings Page
The MSTP Instance Settings Page page contains the
following fields:
Instance ID — Specifies the VLAN group to which the
interface is assigned.
Included VLAN — Maps the selected VLANs to
the selected instance. Each VLAN belongs to one
instance.
Bridge Priority — Specifies the selected spanning
tree instance device priority. The field range is 0-61440
Designated Root Bridge ID — Indicates the ID of the
bridge with the lowest path cost to the instance ID.
Root Port — Indicates the selected instance’s root port.
Root Path Cost — Indicates the selected instance’s path cost.
Bridge ID — Indicates the bridge ID of the selected instance.
Remaining Hops — Indicates the number of hops remaining to the next destination.
2. Define the fields.
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3. Click
. The MSTP settings are saved and the device is updated.
9.3.3 Configuring MSTP VLAN Instances
NetworkAdministrator can assign MSTP for VLAN instances.
To define MSTP for VLAN instances:
1. Click System > Bridging Info > Spanning Tree > MSTP > Instance Settings > VLAN Instance Configuration. The
MSTPVLAN Instance Configuration Page opens:
Figure 91: MSTP VLAN Instance Configuration Page
The MSTP VLAN Instance Configuration Page page
contains the following fields:
VLAN ID — Maps the selected VLANs to the selected
instance. Each VLAN belongs to one instance.
Instance ID — Specifies the VLAN group to which the
interface is assigned.
VLAN — Maps the selected VLANs to the selected
instance. Each VLAN belongs to one instance.
Instance ID — Lists the configured instances for the
selected VLAN.
To add a new VLAN instance:
1. Select the VLAN ID and enter the Instance ID.
2. Click
. The device information is updated.
9.3.4 Configuring MSTP Interface Settings
NetworkAdministrators can assign MSTP interface settings using the MSTPInterface Settings Page.
To define interface for MSTP:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Spanning Tree > MSTP > Interface Settings > Interface Table. The MSTP
Interface Settings Page opens:
Figure 92: MSTP Interface Table Page
The MSTP Interface Settings Page contains the following
fields:
Instance — Lists the MSTP instances configured on
the device. The possible range is 0-15.
Interface — Displays the interface for which the MSTP
settings are displayed. The possible field values are:
– Port — Specifies the port for which the MSTP
settings are displayed.
– LAG — Specifies the LAG for which the MSTP
settings are displayed.
Role — Indicates the port role assigned by the STP
algorithm to provide to STP paths.
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The possible field values are:
– Root — Provides the lowest cost path to forward packets to the root device.
– Designated — Indicates the port or LAG through which the designated device is attached to the LAN.
– Alternate — Provides an alternate path to the root device from the root interface.
– Backup — Provides a backup path to the designated port path toward the Spanning Tree leaves. Backup ports occur
only when two ports are connected in a loop by a point-to-point link or when a LAN has two or more connections
connected to a shared segment.
– Disabled — Indicates the port is not participating in the Spanning Tree.
Mode — Indicates the STP mode by which STP is enabled on the device. The possible field values are:
– Classic STP — Classic STP is enabled on the device. This is the default value.
– Rapid STP — Rapid STP is enabled on the device.
– Multiple STP — Multiple STP is enabled on the device.
Type — Indicates whether the port is a Boundary or Master port. The possible field values are:
– Boundary Port — Indicates that the port is a Boundary port. A Boundary port attaches MST bridges to LANs in an
outlying region. If the port is a Boundary port, this field also indicates whether the device on the other side of the link is
working in RSTP or STP mode
– Master Port — Indicates the port is a master port. A Master port provides connectivity from a MSTP region to the
outlying CIST root.
Interface Priority — Defines the Interface priority for the specified instance. The default value is 128.
Path Cost — Indicates the port contribution to the Spanning Tree instance. The range should always be 1-200,000,000.
Port State — Indicates whether the port is enabled for the specific instance. The possible field values are:
– Enabled — Enables the port for the specific instance.
– Disabled — Disables the port for the specific instance.
Designated Cost — Indicates that the default path cost is assigned according to the method selected on the Spanning
Tree Global Settings page.
Designated Bridge ID — Displays the ID of the bridge that connects the link or shared LAN to the root.
Designated Port ID — Displays the ID of the port on the designated bridge that connects the link or the shared LAN to
the root.
Remain Hops — Indicates the hops remaining to the next destination.
2. Select the Instance.
3. Modify the Port Priority and Path Cost.
4. Click
. The device information is updated.
To add new interface settings for MSTP:
Figure 93: MSTP Interface Settings Page
1. Define the instance properties fields.
2. Click
list in the MSTP Interface Settings Page. The device
information is updated.
. The interface settings are added to the
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Section 10. Configuring Multicast Forwarding
Multicast forwarding enables transmitting packets from either a specific multicast group to a source, or from a nonspecific
source to a multicast group.
This section contains the following topics:
Enabling IGMP Snooping
Defining Multicast Bridging Groups
Defining Multicast ForwardAll Parameters
10.1 Configuring Multicast Forwarding
When IGMP Snooping is enabled globally, all IGMP packets are forwarded to the CPU. The CPU analyzes the incoming
packets and determines:
Which ports want to join which Multicast groups.
Which ports have Multicast routers generating IGMP queries.
Which routing protocols are forwarding packets and Multicast traffic.
Ports requesting to join a specific Multicast group issue an IGMP report, specifying that Multicast group is accepting
members. This results in the creation of the Multicast filtering database.
To enable IGMP Snooping:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Multicast Support > IGMP Snooping. The IGMPSnooping Page opens:
Figure 94: IGMP Snooping Page
The IGMPSnooping Page contains the following fields:
Enable IGMP Snooping Status — Indicates if IGMP
Snooping is enabled on the device. IGMP Snooping
can be enabled only if Bridge Multicast Filtering is
enabled. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Enables IGMP Snooping on the device.
– Unchecked — Disables IGMP Snooping on the
device.
VLAN ID — Specifies the VLAN ID.
IGMP Snooping Status — Indicates if IGMP Snooping is enabled on the VLAN.
The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables IGMP Snooping on the VLAN.
– Disable — Disables IGMP Snooping on the VLAN.
Auto Learn — Indicates ifAuto Learn is enabled on the device. IfAuto Learn is enabled, the devices automatically learns
where other Multicast groups are located. Enables or disables Auto Learn on the Ethernet device.The possible field
values are:
– Enable — Enables auto learn
– Disable — Disables auto learn
Host Timeout — Indicates the amount of time host waits to receive a message before timing out. The default time is 260
seconds.
MRouter Timeout — Indicates the amount of the time the Multicast router waits to receive a message before it times out.
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The default value is 300 seconds.
Leave Timeout — Indicates the amount of time the host waits, after requesting to leave the IGMP group and not
receiving a Join message from another station, before timing out. If a Leave Timeout occurs, the switch notifies the
Multicast device to stop sending traffic The Leave Timeout value is either user-defined, or an immediate leave value. The
default timeout is 10 seconds.
2. Click the Enable IGMPSnooping Status checkbox.
3. Click . IGMP Snooping is enabled on the device.
To modify IGMP Snooping:
1. Click
. The Multicast Global Parameters Settings Page opens:
Figure 95: Multicast Global Parameters Settings Page
2. Modify the VLAN ID, IGMP Status Enable, Enable Auto
Learn, Host Timeout, MRouter Timeout, and Leave
Timeout fields.
3. Click
. The IGMP global parameters are
modified, and the device is updated.
10.2 Defining Multicast Bridging Groups
The Multicast Group Page displays the ports and LAGs attached to the Multicast service group in the Ports and LAGs tables.
The Port and LAG tables also reflect the manner in which the port or LAGs joined the Multicast group. Ports can be added
either to existing groups or to new Multicast service groups. The Multicast Group Page permits new Multicast service groups
to be created. The Multicast Group Page also assigns ports to a specific Multicast service address group.
To define multicast groups:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Multicast Support > Bridge Multicast > Multicast Group. The Multicast Group
Page opens:
Figure 96: Multicast Group Page
The Multicast Group Page contains the following
information:
Enable Bridge Multicast Filtering — Indicates if
Bridge Multicast filtering is enabled on the device.
The possible field values are:
– Checked — Enables Multicast filtering on the device.
– Unchecked — Disables Multicast filtering on the
device. If Multicast filtering is disabled, Multicast
frames are flooded to all ports in the relevant VLAN.
Disabled is the default value.
VLAN ID — Identifies a VLAN and contains information
about the Multicast group address.
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Bridge MulticastAddress — Identifies the Multicast group MAC address/IP address.
Port — Displays the port that can be added to a Multicast service.
LAG — Displays the LAG that can be added to a Multicast service.
The following table contains the IGMP port and LAG members management settings:
Table 5: IGMP Port/LAG Members Table Control Settings
Port Control
D
Definition
Dynamically joins ports/LAG to the Multicast group in the Current Row.
Attaches the port to the Multicast group as static member in the Static Row.The port/LAG has joined
the Multicast group statically in the Current Row.
S
Forbidden ports are not included the Multicast group, even if IGMP snooping designated the port to
join a Multicast group.
F
Blank
The port is not attached to a Multicast group.
2. Click
. TheAdd Multicast Group Page opens:
Figure 97:Add Multicast Group Page
3. Define the VLAN ID, Bridge Multicast IP Address, and
Bridge Multicast MACAddress fields.
4. Click
.
5. In the Multicast Group Page, select ports to join the
Multicast group.
6. Define the Multicast port settings.
7. Click
. The Multicast group is defined, and the
device is updated.
To modify the Multicast group settings:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Multicast Support > Bridge Multicast > Multicast Group. The Multicast Group
Page opens.
2. Click
. The Multicast Group Settings Page opens:
Figure 98: Multicast Group Settings Page
3. Select Ports/LAGs for the selected VLAN and define
the port settings.
4. Click
. The Multicast group settings are
modified and device information is updated.
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10.3 Defining Multicast Forward All Parameters
The Multicast Forward All Page contains fields for attaching ports or LAGs to a device that is attached to a neighboring
Multicast router/switch. Once IGMP Snooping is enabled, Multicast packets are forwarded to the appropriate port or VLAN.
Unless LAGs are defined, only a Multicast ForwardAll table displays.
To define Multicast ForwardAll settings:
1. Click System > Bridging Config > Multicast Support > Bridge Multicast > Multicast Forward All. The Multicast
ForwardAll Page opens:
Figure 99: Multicast ForwardAll Page
The Multicast Forward All Page contains the following
fields:
VLAN ID — Lists the VLAN for which Multicast
parameters are displayed.
Port/LAG — Ports that can be added to a Multicast
service.
The following table summarizes the Multicast settings which
can be assigned to ports, using the Multicast Forward All
Page.
Table 6: Bridge Multicast ForwardAll Router/Port Control Settings Table
Port Control
Definition
D
S
F
Attaches the port to the Multicast router or switch as a dynamic port.
Attaches the port to the Multicast router or switch as a static port.
Forbidden.
N
The port is not attached to a Multicast router or switch.
2. Select a VLAN in the VLAN ID dropdown list.
3. Define the VLAN port settings.
4. Click
. The Multicast ForwardAll settings for the selected VLAN are defined and the device is updated.
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Section 11. Configuring SNMPManagement
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) provides a method for managing network devices. The device supports the
following SNMP versions:
SNMP version 1
SNMP version 2c
SNMP version 3
11.1 SNMP v1 and v2c
The SNMP agents maintain a list of variables, which are used to manage the device. The variables are defined in the
Management Information Base (MIB). The SNMP agent defines the MIB specification format, as well as the format used to
access the information over the network.Access rights to the SNMP agents are controlled by access strings.
11.2 SNMP v3
SNMP v3 applies access control and a new traps mechanism. In addition, User Security Model (USM) parameters are
defined for SNMPv3, including:
Authentication — Provides data integrity and data origin authentication.
Privacy — Protects against the disclosure of message content. Cipher Block-Chaining (CBC) is used for encryption.
Either authentication is enabled on a SNMP message, or both authentication and privacy are enabled on a SNMP
message. However, privacy cannot be enabled without authentication.
Timeliness — Protects against message delay or message redundancy. The SNMP agent compares incoming
message to the message time information.
Key Management — Defines key generation, key updates, and key use.
The device supports SNMP notification filters based on Object IDs (OIDs). OIDs are used by the system to manage device
features.
SNMP v3 supports the following features:
Security
FeatureAccess Control
Traps
The device generates the following traps:
Copy trap
This section contains the following topics:
Defining SNMP Security
Configuring SNMP Notification Settings
11.3 Defining SNMP Security
This section describes configuring of SNMP security parameters, and contains the following topics:
Defining SNMP Global Parameters
Defining SNMP Views
Defining SNMP Group Profiles
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Defining SNMP Group Members
Defining SNMP Communities
11.3.1 Defining SNMP Global Parameters
The SNMP Security Global Parameters Page permits the enabling of both SNMP andAuthentication notifications.
To define SNMP security global parameters:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Global Parameters. The SNMP Security Global Parameters Page
opens:
Figure 100: SNMP Security Global Parameters Page
The SNMP Security Global Parameters Page contains the
following fields:
Local Engine ID (0-32 Characters) — Displays the
local device Engine ID. The field value is a hexadecimal
string. Each byte in hexadecimal character strings
is two hexadecimal digits. Each byte can be separated by a period or a colon. The Engine ID must be defined before
SNMPv3 is enabled. Select a default Engine ID that is comprised of an Enterprise number and the default MAC address.
Use Default — Uses the device-generated Engine ID. The default Engine ID is based on the device MAC address and
is defined per standard as:
– First 4 octets — first bit = 1, the rest is IANAEnterprise number.
– Fifth octet — Set to 3 to indicate the MAC address that follows.
– Last 6 octets — MAC address of the device.
2. Define the Local Engine ID and Use Default fields.
3. Click
. The SNMP global security parameters are set, and the device is updated.
11.3.2 Defining SNMP Views
SNMP Insert space views provide or block access to device features or portions of features. For example, a view can be
defined which provides that SNMP group A has Read Only (R/O) access to Multicast groups, while SNMP group B has
Read-Write (R/W) access to Multicast groups. Feature access is granted via the MIB name or MIB Object ID.
To define SNMP views:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Views. The SNMPSecurity Views Page opens:
Figure 101: SNMP Security Views Page
The SNMP Security Views Page contains the following
fields:
View Name — Displays the user-defined views. The
view name can contain a maximum of 30 alphanumeric
characters.
Object ID Subtree — Displays the device feature OID
included in or excluded from the selected SNMP view.
View Type — Indicates whether the defined OID
branch will be included in or excluded from the selected
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SNMP view.
Remove — Deletes the currently selected view. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected view.
– Unchecked — Maintains the list of views.
2. Click
. The Add SNMPView Page opens:
Figure 102:Add SNMP View Page
3. Define the View Name field.
4. Define the view using
and
.
5. Define the View Type field.
6. Click
updated.
. The view is defined, and the device is
11.3.3 Defining SNMP Group Profiles
The SNMPSecurity Group Profile Page provides information for creating SNMP groups, and assigning SNMP access control
privileges to SNMP groups. Groups allow network managers to assign access rights to specific device features, or feature
aspects.
To define an SNMP group:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Group Profile. The SNMPSecurity Group Profile Page opens:
Figure 103: SNMP Security Group Profile Page
The SNMP Security Group Profile Page contains the
following fields:
Group Name — Displays the user-defined group to
which access control rules are applied. The field range
is up to 30 characters.
Security Model — Defines the SNMP version attached
to the group. The possible field values are:
– SNMPv1 — SNMPv1 is defined for the group.
– SNMPv2c — SNMPv2c is defined for the group.
– SNMPv3 — SNMPv3 is defined for the group.
Security Level — Defines the security level attached to the group. Security levels apply to SNMPv3 only.
The possible field values are:
– NoAuthentication — Indicates that neither theAuthentication nor the Privacy security levels are assigned to the group.
– Authentication —Authenticates SNMP messages, and ensures that the SNMP message’s origin is authenticated.
– Privacy — Encrypts SNMP messages.
Operation — Defines the group access rights. The possible field values are:
– Read — Management access is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the assigned SNMP view.
– Write — Management access is read-write and changes can be made to the assigned SNMP view.
– Notify — Sends traps for the assigned SNMP view.
Remove — Removes SNMP groups. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected SNMP group.
– Unchecked — Maintains the SNMP groups.
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2. Click
. The Add SNMPGroup Profile Page opens:
Figure 104:Add SNMP Group Profile Page
3. Define the Group Name, Security Model, Security Level,
and Operation fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP group profile is added, and
the device is updated.
To modify the SNMP Group settings:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Group Profile. The SNMPSecurity Group Profile Page opens.
2. Click
. The SNMPGroup Profile Settings Page opens:
Figure 105: SNMP Group Profile Settings Page
3. Modify the Group Name, Security Model, Security
Level, and Operation fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP group profile is modified,
and the device is updated.
11.3.4 Defining SNMP Group Members
The SNMPSecurity Group Membership Page enables assigning system users to SNMP groups, as well as defining the user
authentication method.
To define SNMP group membership:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Group Membership. The SNMP Security Group Membership Page
opens:
Figure 106: SNMP Security Group Membership Page
The SNMP Security Group Membership Page contains the
following fields:
User Name — Contains a list of user-defined user
names. The field range is up to 30 alphanumeric
characters.
Group Name — Contains a list of user-defined SNMP
groups. SNMP groups are defined in the SNMP Group Profile Page.
Engine ID — Displays either the local or remote SNMP entity to which the user is connected. Changing or removing the
local SNMP Engine ID deletes the SNMPv3 user database.
– Local — Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP entity.
– Remote — Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP entity. If the Engine ID is defined, remote devices
receive inform messages.
Authentication — Displays the method used to authenticate users. The possible field values are:
– MD5 Key — Users are authenticated using the HMAC-MD5 algorithm.
– SHAKey — Users are authenticated using the HMAC-SHA-96 authentication level.
– MD5 Password — The HMAC-MD5-96 password is used for authentication. The user should enter a password.
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– SHA Password — Users are authenticated using the HMAC-SHA-96 authentication level. The user should enter a
password.
– NoAuthentication — No user authentication is used.
Remove — Removes users from a specified group. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected user.
– Unchecked — Maintains the list of users.
2. Click
. TheAdd SNMP Group Membership Page opens:
Figure 107:Add SNMP Group Membership Page
In addition to the fields in the SNMP Security Group
Membership Page, The Add SNMP Group Membership
Page contains the following fields:
Authentication Method — Defines the SNMP
authentication method.
Authentication Key — Defines the HMAC-MD5-96 or
HMAC-SHA-96 authentication level. The authentication
and privacy keys are entered to define the authentication key. If only authentication is required, 16 bytes are defined. If
both privacy and authentication are required, 32 bytes are defined. Each byte in hexadecimal character strings is two
hexadecimal digits. Each byte can be separated by a period or a colon.
Privacy Key — Defines the privacy key (LSB). If only authentication is required, 20 bytes are defined. If both privacy and
authentication are required, 36 bytes are defined. Each byte in hexadecimal character strings is two hexadecimal digits.
Each byte can be separated by a period or colon.
Password — Defines the password for the group member
3. Define the User Name, Group Name, Engine ID, Authentication Method, Password, Authentication Key, and Privacy Key
fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP group membership is modified, and the device is updated.
To modify SNMP Group Membership settings:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Group Membership. The SNMP Security Group Membership Page
opens.
2. Click
. The SNMPGroup Membership Settings Page opens:
Figure 108: SNMP Group Membership Settings Page
3. Modify the Group Name, Engine ID, Authentication
Method, Password, Authentication Key, and Privacy
Key fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP group membership is
modified, and the device is updated.
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11.3.5 Defining SNMP Communities
Access rights are managed by defining communities in the SNMP Communities Page. When the community names are
changed, access rights are also changed. SNMP communities are defined only for SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c.
To define SNMP communities:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Communities. The SNMPSecurity Communities Page opens:
Figure 109: SNMP Security Communities Page
The SNMP Security Communities Page is divided into the
following tables:
Basic Table
Advanced Table
11.3.5.1 SNMP Communities Basic Table
The SNMPCommunities Basic Table contains the following fields:
Management Station — Displays the management station IP address for which the basic SNMP community is defined.
Community String — Defines the password used to authenticate the management station to the device.
Access Mode — Defines the access rights of the community. The possible field values are:
– Read Only — Management access is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the community.
– Read Write — Management access is read-write and changes can be made to the device configuration, but not to the
community.
– SNMPAdmin — User has access to all device configuration options, as well as permissions to modify the community.
View Name — Contains a list of user-defined SNMP views
Remove — Removes a community. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected SNMP community.
– Unchecked — Maintains the SNMP communities.
11.3.5.2 SNMP Communities Advanced Table
The SNMPCommunitiesAdvanced Table contains the following fields:
Management Station — Displays the management station IP address for which the advanced SNMP community is
defined.
Community String — Defines the password used to authenticate the management station to the device.
Group Name — Defines advanced SNMP community group names.
Remove — Removes a community. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected SNMP communities.
– Unchecked — Maintains the SNMP communities.
2. Click
. The Add SNMPCommunity Page opens:
Figure 110:Add SNMP Community Page
3. Define the SNMP Management Station, Community
String, and Basic orAdvanced fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP community is added, and
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the device is updated.
To modify SNMP Group Membership settings:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Security > Communities. The SNMPCommunity Settings Page opens:
Figure 111: SNMP Community Settings Page
2. Modify the SNMP Management Station, Community
String, and Basic orAdvanced fields.
3. Click
. The SNMP community is modified,
and the device is updated.
11.4 Configuring SNMP Notification Settings
This section describes configuring of SNMP Notifications, and contains the following topics:
Defining SNMP Notification Properties
Defining Notification Filters
Defining Notification Receivers
11.4.1 Defining SNMP Notification Properties
The SNMPNotification Properties Page contains parameters for defining SNMP notification parameters.
To define SNMP notification global parameters:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Notification > Properties. The SNMPNotification Properties Page opens:
Figure 112: SNMP Notification Properties Page
The SNMP Notification Properties Page contains the
following fields:
Enable SNMP Notifications — Specifies whether the
device can send SNMP notifications. The possible field
values are:
– Enable — Enables SNMP notifications.
– Disable — Disables SNMP notifications.
Enable Authentication Notifications — Specifies whether SNMP authentication failure notification is enabled on the
device. The possible field values are:
– Enable — Enables the device to send authentication failure notifications.
– Disable — Disables the device from sending authentication failure notifications.
2. Define the Enable SNMPNotification and EnableAuthentication Notifications fields.
3. Click . The SNMP notification properties are defined, and the device is updated.
11.4.2 Defining Notification Filters
The SNMP Notification FiIter Page permits filtering traps based on OIDs. Each OID is linked to a device feature or a portion
of a feature. The SNMP Notification FiIter Page also allows network managers to filter notifications.
To define notification filters:
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1. Click System > SNMP Management > Notification > Notification Filter. The SNMPNotification FiIter Page opens:
Figure 113: SNMP Notification FiIter Page
The SNMP Notification FiIter Page contains the following
fields:
Filter Name — Contains a list of user-defined
notification filters.
Object ID Subtree — Displays the OID for which
notifications are sent or blocked. If a filter is attached to
an OID, traps or informs are generated and sent to the
trap recipients. OIDs are selected from either the Select
from field or the Object ID field.
Filter Type — Indicates whether to send traps or informs relating to the selected OID.
– Excluded — Does not send traps or informs.
– Included — Sends traps or informs.
Remove — Deletes filters.
– Checked — Deletes the selected filter.
– Unchecked — Maintains the list of filters.
2. Click
. The Add SNMPNotification Filter Page opens:
Figure 114:Add SNMP Notification Filter Page
3. Define the Filter Name, New Object Identifier Tree, and
Filter Type fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP notification filter is defined,
and the device is updated.
11.4.3 Defining Notification Receivers
The SNMP Notification Receiver Page contains information for defining filters that determine whether traps are sent to
specific users, and the trap type sent. SNMP notification filters provide the following services:
Identifying Management Trap Targets
Trap Filtering
Selecting Trap Generation Parameters
ProvidingAccess Control Checks
To define SNMP notification filters:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Notification > Notification Receiver. The SNMP Notification Receiver Page
opens:
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Figure 115: SNMP Notification Receiver Page
The SNMP Notification Receiver Page c is divided into the
following tables:
SNMPv1,2c Notification Recipient
SNMPv3 Notification Recipient
11.4.3.1 SNMPv1,2c Notification Recipient
The SNMPv1, v2c Recipient table contains the following fields:
Recipients IP — Displays the IP address to which the traps are sent.
Notification Type — Displays the type of notification sent. The possible field values are:
– Trap — Indicates traps are sent.
– Inform — Indicates informs are sent.
Community String — Displays the community string of the trap manager.
Notification Version — Displays the trap type. The possible field values are:
– SNMPV1 — Indicates that SNMP Version 1 traps are sent.
– SNMPV2c — Indicates that SNMP Version 2 traps are sent.
UDP Port — Displays the UDP port used to send notifications. The field range is 1-65535. The default is 162.
Filter Name — Indicates if the SNMP filter for which the SNMP Notification filter is defined.
Timeout — Indicates the amount of time (in seconds) the device waits before resending informs. The field range is 1-300.
The default is 15 seconds.
Retries — Indicates the number of times the device resends an inform request. The field range is 1-255. The default is 3.
Remove — Deletes the currently selected recipient. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected recipient from the list of recipients.
– Unchecked — Maintains the list of recipients.
11.4.3.2 SNMPv3 Notification Recipient
The SNMPv3 Notification Recipient table contains the following fields:
Recipient IP — Displays the IP address to which the traps are sent.
Notification Type — Displays the type of notification sent. The possible field values are:
– Trap — Indicates that traps are sent.
– Inform — Indicates that informs are sent.
User Name — Displays the user to which SNMP notifications are sent.
Security Level — Displays the means by which the packet is authenticated. The possible field values are:
– NoAuthentication — Indicates that the packet is neither authenticated nor encrypted.
– Authentication — Indicates that the packet is authenticated.
UDP Port — Displays the UDP port used to send notifications. The field range is 1-65535. The default is 162.
Filter Name — Includes or excludes SNMP filters.
Timeout — Indicates the amount of time (in seconds) the device waits before resending informs. The field range is 1-300.
The default is 15 seconds.
Retries — Indicates the number of times the device resends an inform request. The field range is 1-255. The default is 3.
Remove — Deletes the currently selected recipient. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected recipient from the list of recipients.
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– Unchecked — Maintains the list of recipients.
2. Click
. The Add SNMPNotification Receiver Page opens:
Figure 116:Add SNMP Notification Receiver Page
3. Define the Recipient IP, Notification Type, SNMPV1,v2c
or SNMPv3, UPD Port, Filter Name, Timeout, and
Retries fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP Notification recipients are
defined, and the device is updated.
To modify SNMP notification recipients:
1. Click System > SNMP Management > Notification
> Notification Receiver. The SNMP Notification
Receiver Page opens:
2. Click
. The SNMP Notification Receiver Settings
Page opens:
Figure 117: SNMP Notification Receiver Settings Page
3. Modify the Notification Type, SNMPV1,v2c or SNMPv3,
UPD Port, Filter Name, TImeout, and Retries fields.
4. Click
. The SNMP notification recipients are
defined, and the device is updated.
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Section 12. Configuring Quality of Service
This section contains the following topics:
Quality of Service Overview
Enabling Quality of Service
Mapping Queues
12.1 Quality of Service Overview
Network traffic is usually unpredictable, and the only basic assurance that can be offered is best effort traffic delivery. To
overcome this challenge, Quality of Service (QoS) is applied throughout the network. This ensures that network traffic is
prioritized according to specified criteria, and that specific traffic receives preferential treatment. QoS in the network optimizes
network performance and entails two basic facilities:
Classifying incoming traffic into handling classes, based on an attribute, including:
– The ingress interface
– Packet content
–Acombination of these attributes
Providing various mechanisms for determining the allocation of network resources to different handling classes, including:
– The assignment of network traffic to a particular hardware queue
– The assignment of internal resources
– Traffic shaping
In this document, the terms Class of Service (CoS) and QoS are used in the following context:
CoS provides varying Layer 2 traffic services. CoS refers to classification of traffic to traffic-classes, which are handled as
an aggregate whole, with no per-flow settings. CoS is usually related to the 802.1p service that classifies flows according
to their Layer 2 priority, as set in the VLAN header.
QoS refers to Layer 2 traffic and above. QoS handles per-flow settings, even within a single traffic class.
The QoS facility involves the following elements:
Traffic Classification — Classifies each incoming packet as belonging to a given traffic class, based on the packet
contents and/or the context.
Assignment to Hardware Queues — Assigns incoming packets to forwarding queues. Packets are sent to a particular
queue for handling as a function of the traffic class to which they belong, as defined by the classification mechanism.
Traffic Class-HandlingAttributes —Applies QoS/CoS mechanisms to different classes, including:
– Bandwidth Management
– Shaping/ Rate Limiting
– Policing
12.1.1 Mapping to Queues
Queues are used in both Basic and Advanced QoS modes. Default settings are applied to maps in Service QoS mode. A
Trust Behavior can be selected, or the output service fields can be selected, including:
VLAN Priority Tags (VPT) — VPTs are mapped to an output queues based on the VPT. While queue mapping is user-
defined, the VPT default mapping to the output queue is as follows. In the VPT default mapping, Queue 1 has the lowest
priority.
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The following table contains the VPT to Queue default settings:
Table 7: VPT Default Mapping Table
VPT Value
Queue Number
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
Mapping of the VPT to the output queue is performed on a system-wide basis, and can be enabled or disabled per port.
Default CoS— Packets arriving untagged are assigned to a default VPT, which can be set by the user on a per port
basis. Once the VPT is assigned, the packet is treated as if it had arrived with this tag. The VPT mapping to the output
queue is based on the same user-defined 802.1p tag-based definitions.
DSCP — Users can configure the system to use the IP DSCP of the incoming packet to the output priority queues. The
mapping of the IP DSCP to priority queue is set on a per system basis. If this mode is active, a non-IP packet is always
classified to the best effort queue.
The default mapping is shown in the following table:
Table 8: DSCP Default Mapping Table
DSCP Value
0-15
Queue Number
q1 (lowest priority)
16-31
q2
q3
q4
32-47
48-64
All network traffic which is not assigned a DSCP value is forwarded with Best Effort service.
After packets are assigned to a specific queue, using the chosen classification method various services can be applied.
Scheduling for output queues can be configured, including:
Strict priority
Weighted Round Robin (WRR)
Scheduling schemes are specified per system. WRR weights to the queues can be assigned in any order. For each interface
or queue, the following output shaping can also be configured:
Committed Burst Size (CBS)
Committed Information Rate (CIR)
Actions for over-the-limit traffic
12.1.2 QoS Modes
The device supports the following QoS modes:
Basic QoS Mode
Advanced QoS Mode
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Note:
When moving to and from basic and advanced QoS modes, some settings may be lost.
12.1.2.1 Basic QoS Mode
Basic Mode supports activating one of the following Trust settings:
VLAN Point Tag
DiffServ Code Point
None
In addition, a single IP-based ACL can be attached directly to the interface (see section on network security for more
information). Only packets that have a Forward action are assigned to the output queue, based on the specified
classification. By properly configuring the output queues, the following basic mode services can be set:
Minimum Delay — The queue is assigned to a strict priority policy, and traffic is assigned to the highest priority queue.
Best Effort — Traffic is assigned to the lowest priority queue
Bandwidth Assignments — Bandwidths are assigned by configuring the WRR scheduling scheme and choosing the
right weights.
12.1.2.2 Advanced QoS Mode
Advanced QoS mode provides rules for specifying flow classification and assigning rule actions that relate to bandwidth
management.
After assigning packets to a specific queue, services such as configuring output queues for the scheduling scheme, or
configuring output shaping for burst size, CIR, or CBS per interface or per queue, can be applied. InAdvanced Mode packets
may egress with a different VPT tag than expected.
12.2 Enabling Quality of Service
This section contains the following topics:
Enabling Quality of Service
Mapping Queues
12.2.1 Enabling Quality of Service
The CoS Settings Page contains fields for enabling or disabling QoS. In addition, the Trust mode can be selected. The Trust
mode relies on predefined fields within the packet to determine the egress queue settings.
To enable QoS and define basic settings:
1. Click System > Quality of Service > General Settings > CoS Settings. The CoS Settings Page opens:
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Figure 118: CoS Settings Page
The CoS Settings Page contains the following fields:
Quality of Service— Indicates if QoS is enabled on
the interface. The possible values are:
– Enable — Enables QoS on the interface.
– Disable — Disables QoS on the interface.
Trust Mode — Selects the trust mode. If a packet’
s CoS tag and DSCP tags are mapped to different
queues, the Trust mode determines the queue to which
the packet is assigned. The possible field values are:
– None — Sets the Trust mode to none. All packets
are sent to the lowest queue.
– CoS — Sets the Trust mode to CoS. Packets are
queued based on their CoS tag value.
– DSCP — Sets the Trust mode to CoS. Packets are
queued based on their DSCP tag value.
In the QoS parameters list:
# Number — Indicates the number of the interface for which the global QoS parameters are defined.
Interface — Displays the name of the interface for which the global QoS parameters are defined.
Trust Mode — Indicates if the trust mode is enabled for the interface.
Default CoS for Incoming Traffic — Displays the current settings for the default CoS value for incoming packets for
which a VLAN tag is not defined. The possible field values are 0-7. The default CoS is 0.
2. Select Enable in the Quality of Service field.
3. Select the Trust Mode.
4. Click
. QoS is configured and enabled on the device.
To modify interface settings:
1. Click
. The QoS Interface Settings Page opens.
Figure 119: QoS Interface Settings Page
2. Define the fields.
3. Click
. The interface settings are updated.
12.2.2 Defining Queues
The QoS Queue Settings Page contains fields for defining the QoS queue forwarding types. The queue settings are set
system-wide.
To define queue settings for Quality of Service:
1. Click System > Quality of Service > General Settings > Queue Settings. The QoS Queue Settings Page opens:
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Figure 120: QoS Queue Settings Page
The QoS Queue Settings Page contains the following
fields:
Queue — Indicates the queue number.
Scheduling
– Strict Priority — Indicates that traffic scheduling for
the selected queue is based strictly on the queue
priority.
– WRR — Indicates that traffic scheduling for the selected queue is based strictly on the WRR.
– WWR Weight — If WRR is selected, indicates the predetemined weights 8, 2, 4, and 1 for queues 4,3,2 and 1.
– % of WWR Bandwidth — If WWR weight is selected, indicates the percentage
2. Define the fields.
3. Click
. The QoS queue settings are saved and the device is updated.
12.3 Mapping Queues
This section contains the following topics:
Mapping CoS Values to Queues
Mapping QoS Values to Queues
12.3.1 Mapping CoS Values to Queues
The CoS to Queue Page contains fields for classifying CoS settings to traffic queues.
To set CoS to Queue:
1. Click System > Quality of Service > Queue Mapping > CoS to Queue. The CoS to Queue Page opens:
Figure 121: CoS to Queue Page
Class of Service — Specifies the CoS priority tag
values, where zero is the lowest and 8 is the highest.
Queue — Defines the traffic forwarding queue to which
the CoS priority is mapped. Four traffic priority queues
are supported, where zero is the lowest and 8 is the
highest.
Restore Defaults — Allows you to restore default
settings.
2. Modify the Queue values or select Restore Defaults.
3. Click
. The CoS to Queue mapping settings
are saved and the device is updated.
12.3.2 Mapping QoS Values to Queues
The DSCPto Queue Page contains fields for classifying DSCP settings to traffic queues. For example, a packet with a DSCP
tag value of 3 can be assigned to queue 2.
To set DSCP to queues:
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1. Click System > Quality of Service > Queue Mapping > DSCP to Queue. The DSCPto Queue Page opens:
Figure 122: DSCP to Queue Page
The CoS Settings Page page contains the following fields:
DSCP In — Displays the incoming packet’s DSCP
value.
Queue — Defines the traffic forwarding queue to
which the DSCP priority is mapped. Four traffic priority
queues are supported.
2. Modify the Queue values.
3. Click
updated.
. The DSCP to Queue mapping is
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Section 13. Managing System Files
File maintenance on the device includes configuration file management and device access. The configuration file structure
consists of the following configuration files:
Startup configuration file — Contains the commands required to reconfigure the device to the same settings as when
the device is powered down or rebooted. The Startup file is created by copying the configuration commands from the
Running Configuration file or the Backup Configuration file.
Running configuration file — Contains all configuration file commands, as well as all commands entered during
the current session. After the device is powered down or rebooted, all commands stored in the Running Configuration
file are lost. During the startup process, all commands in the Startup file are copied to the Running Configuration File
and applied to the device. During the session, all new commands entered are added to the commands existing in the
Running Configuration file. Commands are not overwritten. To update the Startup file, before powering down the device,
the Running Configuration file must be copied to the Startup Configuration file. The next time the device is restarted, the
commands are copied back into the Running Configuration file from the Startup Configuration file.
Image files — Software upgrades are used when a new version file is downloaded. The file is checked for the right
format, and that it is complete. After a successful download, the new version is marked, and is used after the device is
reset.
This section contains the following topics:
Downloading System Files
Uploading System Files
Activating Image Files
Copying System Files
13.1 Downloading System Files
To download system files:
1. Click System > Maintenance > File Management > File Download. The File Download Page opens:
Figure 123: File Download Page
The File Download Page is divided into the following
sections:
Download Type
Firmware Download
Configuration Download
13.1.1 Download Type
The Upload Type section contains the following fields:
Firmware Download — Indicates that the download
is for firmware. If Firmware Download is selected, the
Configuration Download fields are grayed out.
Configuration Download — Indicates that the download is for configuration files. If Configuration Download is selected,
the Firmware Download fields are grayed out.
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13.1.2 Firmware Download
The Firmware Download section contains the following fields:
TFTP Server IPAddress — Specifies the address of the TFTP server from which files are downloaded.
Source File Name — Specifies the file to be downloaded.
Destination File — Specifies the destination file to which system file is downloaded. The possible field values are:
– Software Image — Downloads the Image file.
– Boot Code — Downloads the Boot file.
Download to Master Only — Downloads the system file only to the Master.
Download toAll Units — Downloads the system file to all units.
13.1.3 Configuration Download
The Configuration Download section contains the following fields:
TFTP Server IPAddress — Specifies the address of the TFTP server from which the configuration files are downloaded.
Source File Name — Specifies the configuration files to be downloaded.
Destination File — Specifies the destination file to which the configuration file is downloaded. The possible field values
are:
– Running Configuration — Downloads commands into the Running Configuration file.
– Startup Configuration — Downloads the Startup Configuration file, and overwrites the old Startup Configuration file.
2. Open the File Download Page.
3. Select the download type.
4. Define the TFTP server address.
5. Define the Source File Name and Destination File fields.
6. Click
. The requested files are downloaded to the specified destination.
13.2 Uploading System Files
The Copy Files Page contains fields for uploading the software from the device to the TFTP server.
To upload system files:
1. Click System > Maintenance > File Management > File Upload. The File Upload Page opens:
Figure 124: File Upload Page
The File Upload Page is divided into the following sections:
Upload Type
Software Image Upload
Configuration Upload
13.2.1 Upload Type
The Upload Type section contains the following fields:
Firmware Upload — Specifies that the software image
file is uploaded. If Firmware Upload is selected, the
Configuration Upload fields are grayed out.
Configuration Upload — Specifies that the Configuration file is uploaded. If Configuration Upload is selected, the
Software Image Upload fields are grayed out.
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13.2.2 Software Image Upload
The Software Image Upload section contains the following fields:
TFTP Server IPAddress — Specifies the address of the TFTP server to which the Software Image is uploaded.
Destination File Name — Specifies the name of the software image file to which the Software Image is uploaded.
13.2.3 Configuration Upload
The Configuration Upload section contains the following fields:
TFTP Server IPAddress — Specifies the address of the TFTP server to which the Configuration file is uploaded.
Destination File Name — Specifies the name of the file to which the Startup Configuration file is uploaded.
Transfer File Name — Specifies the name of the Configuration file that is uploaded.
The possible field values are:
– Running Configuration — Uploads the Running Configuration file.
– Startup Configuration — Uploads the Startup Configuration file.
2. Open the Copy Files Page. See “Copying System Files” in section 13.4.
3. Define the file type to upload.
4. Define the fields.
5. Click
. The software is uploaded to the device.
13.3 Activating Image Files
The Active Image Page allows network managers to select and reset the Image files.
To download system files:
1. Click System > Maintenance > File Management >Active Image. The Active Image Page opens:
Figure 125:Active Image Page
The Active Image Page contains the following fields:
Unit No. — The unit number for which the Image file is
selected.
Active Image — The Image file which is currently
active on the unit.
After Reset — The Image file which is active on the
unit after the device is reset.
The possible field values are:
– Image 1 —Activates Image file 1 after the device is reset.
– Image 2 —Activates Image file 2 after the device is reset.
2. Define the After Reset field.
3. Click
. The selected image file is activated after the device is reset.
13.4 Copying System Files
Files can be copied and deleted using the Copy Files Page.
To copy system files:
1. Click System > Maintenance > File Management > Copy Files. The Copy Files Page opens:
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Figure 126: Copy Files Page
The Copy Files Page contains the following fields:
Copy Configuration — Copies the Running
Configuration file to the Startup Configuration file.
Source — Indicates the Running Configuration file is
selected.
Destination — Indicates the Startup Configuration file is selected.
Restore Configuration Factory Defaults — Resets the Configuration file to the factory defaults. The factory defaults are
reset after the device is reset. When unselected, the device maintains the current Configuration file.
2. Select Copy Configuration.
3. Click
. The file is copied.
To restore the default configuration:
1. Click System > File Management > Copy Files. The Copy Files Page opens.
2. Select Restore Configuration Factory Defaults.
3. Click
. The factory defaults are restored, and the device is updated.
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Section 14. Performing Device Diagnostics
This section contains the following topics:
Configuring Port Mirroring
Viewing Integrated Cable Tests
Viewing Optical Transceivers
14.1 Configuring Port Mirroring
Port mirroring monitors and mirrors network traffic by forwarding copies of incoming and outgoing packets from one port to a
monitoring port. Port mirroring can be used as a diagnostic tool as well as a debugging feature. Port mirroring also enables
switch performance monitoring.
Network administrators can configure port mirroring by selecting a specific port from which to copy all packets, and other
ports to which the packets copied.
To perform port mirroring diagnostics:
1. Click System > Maintenance > Diagnostics > Port Mirroring. The Port Mirroring Page opens:
Figure 127: Port Mirroring Page
The Port Mirroring Page contains the following fields:
Destination Port — Defines the port number to which
port traffic is copied.
Transmit Packets — Defines the how the packets are
mirrored. The possible field values are:
– Untagged — Mirrors packets as untagged VLAN
packets. This is the default value.
– Tagged — Mirrors packets as tagged VLAN packets.
Source Port — Indicates the port from which the packets are mirrored.
Type — Indicates the port mode configuration for port mirroring. The possible field values are:
– RX — Defines the port mirroring on receiving ports.
– TX — Defines the port mirroring on transmitting ports.
– Both — Defines the port mirroring on both receiving and transmitting ports. This is the default value.
Remove — Removes the port mirroring session. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected port mirroring sessions.
– Unchecked — Maintains the port mirroring session.
2. Click
. TheAdd Port Mirroring Page opens:
Figure 128:Add Port Mirroring Page
3. Select a port in the Source Port field.
4. Select a port type in the Type field.
5. Click
. The port mirroring session is defined,
and the device is updated.
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To modify port mirroring settings:
1. Click
. The Port Mirroring Settings Page opens.
Figure 129: Port Mirroring Settings Page
2. Modify the Type field.
3. Click
. Port mirroring settings are modified,
and the device is updated.
To remove port mirroring:
1. Click Maintenance > Diagnostics > Port Mirroring. The Port Mirroring Page opens.
2. Click the Remove checkbox for selected item, and click
.
14.2 Viewing Integrated Cable Tests
The Copper Cable Page contains fields for performing tests on copper cables. Cable testing provides information about
where errors occurred in the cable, the last time a cable test was performed, and the type of cable error, which occurred. The
tests use Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technology to test the quality and characteristics of a copper cable attached to a
port. Cables up to 120 meters long can be tested. Cables are tested when the ports are in the down state, with the exception
of the Approximated Cable Length test.
To view cable test results:
Click System > Maintenance > Diagnostics > Copper Cable. The Copper Cable Page opens:
Figure 130: Copper Cable Page
The Copper Cable Page contains the following fields:
Port — Specifies the port to which the cable is
connected.
Test Result — Displays the cable test results. Possible
values are:
– No Cable — Indicates that a cable is not connected
to the port.
– Open Cable — Indicates that a cable is connected
on only one side.
– Short Cable — Indicates that a short has occurred in
the cable.
– OK — Indicates that the cable passed the test.
Cable Fault Distance — Indicates the distance from the port where the cable error occurred.
Last Update — Indicates the last time the port was tested.
Cable Length — Indicates the approximate cable length. This test can only be performed when the port is up and
operating at 1 Gbps.
To perform a test:
1. Click . The test parameters are displayed in the Copper Cable Test Page:
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14.3 Viewing Optical Transceivers
The Optical Transceivers Page allows network managers to perform tests on fiber-optic cables.
Note:
Optical transceiver diagnostics can be performed only when the link is present.
To test cables:
Click System > Maintenance > Diagnostics > Optical Transceivers. The Optical Transceivers Page opens:
Figure 131: Optical Transceivers Page
The Optical Transceivers Page contains the following
fields:
Port — Displays the port IP address on which the
cable is tested.
Temperature — Displays the temperature (oC) at
which the cable is operating.
Voltage — Displays the voltage at which the cable is operating.
Current — Displays the current at which the cable is operating.
Output Power — Indicates the rate at which the output power is transmitted.
Input Power — Indicates the rate at which the input power is transmitted.
Transmitter Fault — Indicates if a fault occurred during transmission.
Loss of Signal — Indicates if a signal loss occurred in the cable.
Data Ready — Indicates the transceiver has achieved power up and data is ready.
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Section 15. Viewing Statistics
This section describes how to view and manage device statistics for interfaces, GVRP, EAP, and Etherlike and how to view
and define as RMON statistics, history and alarms.
This section contains the following topics:
Viewing Interface Statistics
Managing RMON Statistics
15.1 Viewing Interface Statistics
This section contains the following topics:
Viewing Device Interface Statistics
Viewing Etherlike Statistics
Viewing GVRP Statistics
Viewing EAP Statistics
15.1.1 Viewing Device Interface Statistics
The Interface Statistics Page contains statistics for both received and transmitted packets.
To view interface statistics:
1. Click System > Statistics > Interface Statistics. The Interface Statistics Page opens:
Figure 132: Interface Statistics Page
The Interface Statistics Page contains the following fields:
Interface — Indicates the device for which statistics
are displayed. The possible field values are:
– Port — Defines the specific port for which interface
statistics are displayed.
– LAG — Defines the specific LAG for which interface
statistics are displayed.
Refresh Rate — Defines the amount of time that
passes before the interface statistics are refreshed.
The possible field values are:
– 15 Sec —Indicates that the Interface statistics are
refreshed every 15 seconds.
– 30 Sec —Indicates that the Interface statistics are refreshed every 30 seconds.
– 60 Sec —Indicates that the Interface statistics are refreshed every 60 seconds.
– No Refresh —Indicates that the Interface statistics are not refreshed.
Receive Statistics
Total Bytes (Octets) — Displays the number of octets received on the selected interface.
Unicast Packets — Displays the number of Unicast packets received on the selected interface.
Multicast Packets — Displays the number of Multicast packets received on the selected interface.
Broadcast Packets — Displays the number of Broadcast packets received on the selected interface.
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Packets with Errors — Displays the number of error packets received from the selected interface.
Transmit Statistics
Total Bytes (Octets) — Displays the number of octets transmitted from the selected interface.
Unicast Packets — Displays the number of Unicast packets transmitted from the selected interface.
Multicast Packets — Displays the number of Multicast packets transmitted from the selected interface.
Broadcast Packets — Displays the number of Broadcast packets transmitted from the selected interface.
2. Select an interface in the Interface field. The interface statistics are displayed.
To reset interface statistics counters:
1. Open the Interface Statistics Page.
2. Click
. The interface statistics counters are cleared.
15.1.2 Viewing Etherlike Statistics
The Etherlike Statistics Page contains interface statistics.
To view Etherlike interface statistics:
1. Click System > Statistics > Interface Statistics > Etherlike. The Etherlike Statistics Page opens:
Figure 133: Etherlike Statistics Page
The Etherlike Statistics Page contains the following fields:
Interface — Indicates the device for which statistics are
displayed. The possible field values are:
– Port — Defines the specific port for which Etherlike
statistics are displayed.
– LAG — Defines the specific LAG for which Etherlike
statistics are displayed.
Refresh Rate — Defines the amount of time that
passes before the interface statistics are refreshed. The
possible field values are:
– 15 Sec — Indicates that the Etherlike statistics are refreshed every 15 seconds.
– 30 Sec — Indicates that the Etherlike statistics are refreshed every 30 seconds.
– 60 Sec — Indicates that the Etherlike statistics are refreshed every 60 seconds.
– No Refresh — Indicates that the Etherlike statistics are not refreshed.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Errors — Displays the number of FCS errors received on the selected interface.
Single Collision Frames — Displays the number of single collision frames received on the selected interface.
Late Collisions — Displays the number of late collision frames received on the selected interface.
Excessive Collisions — Displays the number of excessive collisions received on the selected interface.
Internal MAC Transmit Errors — Displays the number of internal MAC transmit errors on the selected interface.
Oversize Packets — Displays the number of oversized packet errors on the selected interface.
Internal MAC Receive Errors — Number of internal MAC received errors on the selected interface.
Received Pause Frames — Displays the number of received paused frames on the selected interface.
Transmitted Paused Frames — Displays the number of paused frames transmitted from the selected interface.
2. Select an interface (Port or LAG) in the Interface field. The Etherlike statistics are displayed.
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To update the refresh time:
To change the refresh rate for statistics, select another rate from the Refresh Rate dropdown list.
To reset Etherlike interface statistics counters:
1. Open the Etherlike Statistics Page.
2. Click
. The Etherlike interface statistics counters are cleared.
15.1.3 Viewing GVRP Statistics
The GVRP Statistics Page contains device statistics for GVRP.
To view GVRP interface statistics:
1. Click System > Statistics > Interface Statistics > GVRP. The GVRPStatistics Page opens:
Figure 134: GVRP Statistics Page
The GVRPStatistics Page contains the following fields:
Interface — Specifies the interface type for which the
statistics are displayed.
– Port — Indicates port statistics are displayed.
– LAG — Indicates LAG statistics are displayed.
Refresh Rate — Indicates the amount of time that
passes before the GVRP statistics are refreshed. The
possible field values are:
– 15 Sec — Indicates that the GVRP statistics are
refreshed every 15 seconds.
– 30 Sec — Indicates that the GVRP statistics are
refreshed every 30 seconds.
– 60 Sec — Indicates that the GVRP statistics are
refreshed every 60 seconds.
– No Refresh — Indicates that the GVRP statistics are not refreshed.
Join Empty — Displays the device GVRP Join Empty statistics.
Empty — Displays the device GVRP Empty statistics.
Leave Empty — Displays the device GVRP Leave Empty statistics.
Join In — Displays the device GVRP Join In statistics.
Leave In — Displays the device GVRP Leave in statistics.
LeaveAll — Displays the device GVRP Leave all statistics.
Invalid Protocol ID — Displays the device GVRP Invalid Protocol ID statistics.
InvalidAttribute Type — Displays the device GVRP InvalidAttribute ID statistics.
InvalidAttribute Value — Displays the device GVRP InvalidAttribute Value statistics.
InvalidAttribute Length — Displays the device GVRP InvalidAttribute Length statistics.
Invalid Event — Displays the device GVRP Invalid Event statistics.
2. Select an interface (Port or LAG) in the Interface field. The GVRP statistics are displayed.
To update the refresh time:
To change the refresh rate for statistics, select another rate from the Refresh Rate dropdown list.
To reset GVRP interface statistics counters:
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1. Open the GVRPStatistics Page.
2. Click
. The GVRP interface statistics counters are cleared.
15.1.4 Viewing EAP Statistics
The EAPStatistics Page contains information about EAP packets received on a specific port.
To view the EAP Statistics:
1. Click System > Statistics > Interface Statistics > EAP. The EAPStatistics Page opens:
Figure 135: EAP Statistics Page
The EAPStatistics Page contains the following fields:
Port — Indicates the port, which is polled for statistics.
Refresh Rate — Indicates the amount of time that
passes before the EAP statistics are refreshed. The
possible field values are:
– 15 Sec — Indicates that the EAP statistics are
refreshed every 15 seconds.
– 30 Sec — Indicates that the EAP statistics are
refreshed every 30 seconds.
– 60 Sec — Indicates that the EAP statistics are
refreshed every 60 seconds.
– No Refresh — Indicates that the EAP statistics are not refreshed.
Frames Receive — Indicates the number of valid EAPOLframes received on the port.
Frames Transmit — Indicates the number of EAPOLframes transmitted via the port.
Start Frames Receive — Indicates the number of EAPOLStart frames received on the port.
Log off Frames Receive — Indicates the number of EAPOLLogoff frames that have been received on the port.
Respond ID Frames Receive — Indicates the number of EAP Resp/Id frames that have been received on the port.
Respond Frames Receive — Indicates the number of valid EAP Response frames received on the port.
Request ID Frames Transmit — Indicates the number of EAP Req/Id frames transmitted via the port.
Request Frames Transmit — Indicates the number of EAP Request frames transmitted via the port.
Invalid Frames Receive — Indicates the number of unrecognized EAPOL frames that have been received by on this
port.
Length Error Frames Receive — Indicates the number of EAPOL frames with an invalid Packet Body Length received
on this port.
Last Frame Version — Indicates the protocol version number attached to the most recently received EAPOLframe.
Last Frame Source — Indicates the source MAC address attached to the most recently received EAPOLframe.
2. Select a port from the Port dropdown list. The port statistics are displayed.
To update the refresh time:
To change the refresh rate for statistics, select another rate from the Refresh Rate dropdown list.
15.2 Managing RMON Statistics
This section describes how to view and manage Remote Monitoring On Network (RMON) statistics, history and alarms.
This section contains the following topics:
Viewing RMON Statistics
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Configuring RMON History
Defining RMONAlarms
15.2.1 Viewing RMON Statistics
The RMON Statistics Page contains fields for viewing information about device utilization and errors that occurred on the
device.
To view RMON statistics:
1. Click System > Statistics > RMON > Statistics. The RMON Statistics Page opens:
Figure 136: RMON Statistics Page
The RMON Statistics Page contains the following fields:
Interface — Indicates the device for which statistics
are displayed. The possible field values are:
– Port — Defines the specific port for which RMON
statistics are displayed.
– LAG — Defines the specific LAG for which RMON
statistics are displayed.
Refresh Rate — Defines the amount of time that
passes before the interface statistics are refreshed.
The possible field values are:
– 15 Sec — Indicates that the RMON statistics are
refreshed every 15 seconds.
– 30 Sec — Indicates that the RMON statistics are refreshed every 30 seconds.
– 60 Sec — Indicates that the RMON statistics are refreshed every 60 seconds.
Received Bytes (Octets) — Displays the number of octets received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
This number includes bad packets and FCS octets, but excludes framing bits.
Received Packets — Displays the number of packets received on the interface, including bad packets, Multicast and
broadcast packets, since the device was last refreshed.
Broadcast Packets Received — Displays the number of good broadcast packets received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed. This number does not include Multicast packets.
Multicast Packets Received — Displays the number of good Multicast packets received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
CRC & Align Errors — Displays the number of CRC and Align errors that have occurred on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
Undersize Packets — Displays the number of undersized packets (less than 64 octets) received on the interface since
the device was last refreshed.
Oversize Packets — Displays the number of oversized packets (over 1518 octets) received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
Fragments — Displays the number of fragments (packets with less than 64 octets, excluding framing bits, but including
FCS octets) received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
Jabbers — Displays the total number of received packets that were longer than 1518 octets. This number excludes
frame bits, but includes FCS octets that had either a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with an integral number of
octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral octet (Alignment Error) number. The field range to detect jabbers is
between 20 ms and 150 ms.
Collisions — Displays the number of collisions received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
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Frames of xx Bytes — Number of xx-byte frames received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
2. Select an interface (Port or LAG) in the Interface field. The RMON statistics are displayed.
To update the refresh time:
To change the refresh rate for statistics, select another rate from the Refresh Rate dropdown list.
To reset RMON statistics counters:
1. Open the RMON Statistics Page.
2. Click
. The RMON statistics counters are cleared.
15.2.2 Configuring RMON History
This section contains the following topics:
Defining RMON History Control
Viewing the RMON History Table
15.2.2.1 Defining RMON History Control
The RMON History Control Page contains information about samples of data taken from ports. For example, the samples
may include interface definitions or polling periods.
To set RMON history control:
1. Click System > Statistics > RMON > History. The RMON History Control Page opens:
Figure 137: RMON History Control Page
The RMON History Control Page contains the following
fields:
History Entry No. — Displays the entry number for
the History Control Table page.
Source Interface — Displays the interface from which
the history samples were taken. The possible field
values are:
– Port — Specifies the port from which the RMON information was taken.
– LAG — Specifies the port from which the RMON information was taken.
Sampling Interval — Indicates in seconds the time that samplings are taken from the ports. The field range is 1-3600.
The default is 1800 seconds (equal to 30 minutes).
Samples Requested — Displays the number of samples to be saved. The field range is 1-65535. The default value is
50.
Current Number of Samples in List — Displays the current number of samples taken.
Owner — Displays the RMON station or user that requested the RMON information. The field range is 0-20 characters.
Remove — Removes History Control entries. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes the selected History Control entry.
– Unchecked — Maintains the current History Control entries.
2. Click
. The Add History Entry User Page opens:
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Figure 138:Add History Entry User Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The entry is added to the RMON
History Control Page, and the device is updated.
To modify a history entry user:
1. Open the RMON History Control Page.
2. Click
. The Edit Local History Entry User Page opens:
Figure 139: Edit Local History Entry User Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
.The entry is updated in the RMON
History Control Page, and the device is updated.
15.2.2.2 Viewing the RMON History Table
The RMON History Table Page contains interface specific
statistical network samplings. Each table entry represents all counter values compiled during a single sample.
To view the RMON History Table:
1. Click System > Statistics > RMON > History > History Table. The RMON History Table Page opens:
Figure 140: RMON History Table Page
The RMON History Table Page contains the following
fields:
History Entry No. — Displays the entry number for the
History Control Table page.
Owner — Displays the RMON station or user that
requested the RMON information. The field range is
0-20 characters.
Sample No. — Indicates the sample number from which the statistics were taken.
Drop Events — Displays the number of dropped events that have occurred on the interface since the device was last
refreshed.
Received Bytes (Octets) — Displays the number of octets received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
This number includes bad packets and FCS octets, but excludes framing bits.
Received Packets — Displays the number of packets received on the interface since the device was last refreshed,
including bad packets, Multicast and Broadcast packets.
Broadcast Packets — Displays the number of good Broadcast packets received on the interface since the device was
last refreshed. This number does not include Multicast packets.
Multicast Packets — Displays the number of good Multicast packets received on the interface since the device was last
refreshed.
CRC Align Errors — Displays the number of CRC and Align errors that have occurred on the interface since the device
was last refreshed.
Undersize Packets — Displays the number of undersized packets (less than 64 octets) received on the interface since
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the device was last refreshed.
Oversize Packets — Displays the number of oversized packets (over 1518 octets) received on the interface since the
device was last refreshed.
Fragments — Displays the number of fragments (packets with less than 64 octets, excluding framing bits, but including
FCS octets) received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
Jabbers — Displays the total number of received packets that were longer than 1518 octets. This number excludes
frame bits, but includes FCS octets that had either a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with an integral number of
octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral octet (Alignment Error) number. The field range to detect jabbers is
between 20 ms and 150 ms.
Collisions — Displays the number of collisions received on the interface since the device was last refreshed.
Utilization — Displays the percentage of the interface utilized.
2. Select an entry in the History Entry No. field.
3. Click . The statistics are displayed.
15.2.3 Configuring RMON Events
This section includes the following topics:
Defining RMON Events Control
Viewing the RMON Events Logs
15.2.3.1 Defining RMON Events Control
The RMON Events Control Page contains fields for defining RMON events.
To set RMON events:
1. Click System > Statistics > RMON > Events. The RMON Events Control Page opens:
Figure 141: RMON Events Control Page
The RMON Events Control Page contains the following
fields:
Event Entry — Displays the event.
Community — Displays the community to which the
event belongs.
Description — Displays the user-defined event
description.
Type — Describes the event type. Possible values are:
– Log — Indicates that the event is a log entry.
– Trap — Indicates that the event is a trap.
– Log and Trap — Indicates that the event is both a log entry and a trap.
– None — Indicates that no event occurred.
Time — Displays the time that the event occurred.
Owner — Displays the device or user that defined the event.
Remove — Removes a RMON event. The possible field values are:
– Checked — Removes a selected RMON event.
– Unchecked — Maintains RMON events.
2. Click
. The Add RMON Event User Page opens:
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Figure 142:Add RMON Event User Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The entry is added to the RMON
Events Control Page, and the device is updated.
To modify an RMON Event user:
1. Click System > Statistics > RMON > Events. The
RMON Events Control Page opens, displaying defined event entries.
2. Click
next to an entry. The Edit RMON Event User Page opens:
Figure 143: Edit RMON Event User Page
3. Modify the local user properties fields.
4. Click
. The entry is updated in the RMON
Events Control Page, and the device is updated.
15.2.3.2 Viewing the RMON Events Logs
The RMON Events Logs Page contains a list of RMON
events.
To view RMON event logs:
1. Click System > Statistics > RMON > Events. The RMON Events Logs Page opens:
Figure 144: RMON Events Logs Page
The RMON Events Logs Page contains the following
fields:
Event — Displays the RMON Events Log entry
number.
Log No. — Displays the log number.
Log Time — Displays the time when the log entry was
entered.
Description — Displays the log entry description.
15.2.4 Defining RMON Alarms
The RMON Alarm Page contains fields for setting network alarms. Network alarms occur when a network problem, or event,
is detected. Rising and falling thresholds trigger alarms.
To set RMON alarms:
1. Click System > Statistics > RMON >Alarm. The RMONAlarm Page opens:
Figure 145: RMONAlarm Page
The RMONAlarm Page contains the following fields:
Alarm Entry — Indicates a specific alarm.
Counter Name — Displays the selected MIB variable.
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Interface — Displays interface for which RMON statistics are displayed. The possible field values are:
– Port — Displays the RMON statistics for the selected port.
– LAG — Displays the RMON statistics for the selected LAG.
Counter Value — Displays the selected MIB variable value.
Sample Type — Defines the sampling method for the selected variable and comparing the value against the thresholds.
The possible field values are:
– Delta — Subtracts the last sampled value from the current value. The difference in the values is compared to the
threshold.
– Absolute — Compares the values directly with the thresholds at the end of the sampling interval.
Rising Threshold — Displays the rising counter value that triggers the rising threshold alarm. The rising threshold is
presented on top of the graph bars. Each monitored variable is designated a color.
Rising Event — Displays the mechanism in which the alarms are reported. The possible field values are:
– LOG — Indicates there is not a saving mechanism for either the device or in the management system. If the device is
not reset, the entry remains in the Log Table.
– TRAP — Indicates that an SNMP trap is generated, and sent via the Trap mechanism. The Trap can also be saved
using the Trap mechanism.
– Both — Indicates that both the Log and Trap mechanism are used to report alarms.
Falling Threshold — Displays the falling counter value that triggers the falling threshold alarm. The falling threshold is
graphically presented on top of the graph bars. Each monitored variable is designated a color.
Falling Event — Displays the mechanism in which the alarms are reported.
Startup Alarm — Displays the trigger that activates the alarm generation. Rising is defined by crossing the threshold
from a low-value threshold to a higher-value threshold.
Interval — Defines the alarm interval time in seconds.
Owner — Displays the device or user that defined the alarm.
Remove — Removes the RMONAlarms Table entry.
2. Click
. The Add RMONAlarm User Page opens:
Figure 146:Add RMONAlarm User Page
3. Define the fields.
4. Click
. The RMON alarm user is added to the
list in RMONAlarm Page, and the device is updated.
To modify an RMON alarm user:
1. Click . The Edit RMONAlarm User Page opens.
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Figure 147: Edit RMONAlarm User Page
2. Modify the fields.
3. Click
. The entry is updated in the RMON
Alarm Page, and the device is updated.
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Glossary
This glossary contains terms commonly used in Embedded Web System documentation.
Term
Definition
A
Access Mode
Specifies the method by which user access is granted to the system.
Allows network managers to define profiles and rules for accessing the device. Access to
management functions can be limited to user groups, which are defined by the following criteria:
• Ingress interfaces.
Access Profile
• Source IP address and/or Source IP subnets.
Filters in Access Control Lists (ACL) that determine which network traffic is forwarded.
ACE are based on the following criteria:
• Protocol.
• Protocol ID.
ACE
• Source Port.
• Destination Port.
• Wildcard Mask.
• Source IPAddress.
• Destination IPAddress.
Access Control List. Access Control Lists are used to grant, deny, or limit access to
ACL
devices, features, or applications.
Groups several VLANs into a single aggregated VLAN. Aggregating VLANs enables
routers to respond to ARP requests for nodes located on different sub-VLANs belonging
to the same Super VLAN. Routers respond with their MAC address.
Aggregated VLAN
AH
Authentication Header Protocol. Provides source host authentication and data integrity.
Address Resolution Protocol. A TCP/IP protocol that converts IP addresses into physical
ARP
addresses.
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit.Acustom chip designed for a specific application.
Asset Tag
Specifies the user-defined device reference.
Authentication Profile
Set of rules that enable login to and authentication of users and applications.
Allows 10/100 Mpbs or 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet ports to establish for the following features:
• Duplex/ Half Duplex Mode.
• Flow Control.
Auto-negotiation
• Speed.
B
Back Pressure
Amechanism used with Half Duplex mode that enables a port not to receive a message.
The main segment of a network. Backbone types include:
• Building.
• Campus.
Backbone
• Metropolitan.
• National Data.
• Telecommunications.
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Term
Definition
Backplane
The main BUS that carries information in the device.
Specifies the amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. For digital
devices, bandwidth is defined in Bits per Second (bps) or Bytes per Second.
Bandwidth
BandwidthAssignment
Baud
Indicates the amount of bandwidth assigned to a specific application, user, and/or interface.
Indicates the number of signaling elements transmitted each second.
Best Effort
Indicates that traffic is assigned to the lowest priority queue, and packet delivery is not guaranteed.
Border Gateway Protocol. Enables information sharing, routing information between
BGP
groups of routers.
Boot Version
BootP
Indicates the boot version.
Bootstrap Protocol. Enables a workstation to discover its IP address, an IP address of a
BootP server on a network, or a configuration file loaded into the boot of a device.
Bridge Protocol Data Unit. Provide bridging information in a message format. BPDUs
are sent across switch information with in Spanning Tree configuration. BPDU packets
contain information on ports, addresses, priorities, and forwarding costs.
BPDU
A device that connects two networks. Bridges are hardware-specific, however they are
protocol-independent. Bridges operate at Layer 1 and Layer 2 levels.
Bridge
Device sets that receive broadcast frames originating from any device within a designated
set. Routers bind broadcast domains, because routers do not forward broadcast frames.
Broadcast Domain
An excessive amount of broadcast messages simultaneously transmitted across a
network by a single port. Forwarded message responses are heaped onto the network,
overloading network resources or causing the network to time out.
Broadcast Storm
Broadcasting
Burst
Amethod of transmitting packets to all ports on a network.
A packet transmission at faster than normal rates. Bursts are limited in time and only
occur under specific conditions.
Burst Size
C
Indicates the burst size transmitted at a faster than normal rate.
Committed Burst Size. Indicates the maximum number of data bits transmitted within a
specific time interval.
CBS
CDB
Configuration Data Base.Afile containing a device’s configuration information.
Classless Interdomain Routing. Based on route aggregation. Routers group routes
together, and reduce the amount of routing information carried by the core routers.
Several IP networks appear to networks outside the group as a single, larger entity.
CIDR
Committed Information Rate. Indicates the rate (Bps) that data is transmitted using frame
CIR
relay services (FRS). The rate is averaged over a minimum time increment.
An aspect of Quality of Service system that is comprised of an IP ACL and/or a MAC
ACL. Class maps are configured to match packet criteria, and are matched to packets in
a first-fit fashion.
Class Map
Class of Service (CoS). The 802.1p priority scheme. CoS provides a method for tagging
packets with priority information.ACoS value between 0-7 is added to the Layer II header
of packets, where zero is the lowest priority and seven is the highest.
Class of Service
Creates new addresses on the internet. The new addresses are distributed to ISPs for
their customers’ use. CIDR reduces the Internet routers’ burden by combining routes.
One IP address represents thousands of addresses serviced by a major backbone
provider.
Classless Inter-Domain
Routing
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Term
Definition
CLI
Command Line Interface.Aset of line commands used to configure the system.
A computer system or process that requires services or processes for another computer,
typically a server.
Client
CLL
Classification Control Lists. Devices that grant, deny, or limit access to devices, features,
or applications in QoS.
A overlapping transmission of two or more packets that collide. The data transmitted
cannot be used, and the session is restarted.
Collision
A single logical port with two physical connections, including an RJ-45 connection and a
SFP connection.
Combo Port
Community
CPU
Specifies a group of users which retains the same system access rights.
Central Processing Unit. The part of a computer that processes information.CPUs are
composed of a control unit and anALU.
D
Indicates a state where an interface is not advertising links to the neighboring interface
due to Flapping.
Damp
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on
a network. With dynamic addressing, a device can have a different IP address every time it
connects to the network. DHCP also supports a mix of static and dynamic IP addresses.
DHCP
An Internet host using DHCP to obtain configuration parameters, such as a network
address.
DHCP Client
DHCP Server
Domain
An Internet host that returns configuration parameters to DHCP clients.
Agroup of computers and devices on a network that are grouped with common rules and
procedures.
DiffServe Code Point. DSCP provides a method of tagging IP packets with QoS priority
DSCP
DSL
information.
Digital Subscriber Line. Increases the digital capacity of telephone lines.
Permits simultaneous transmissions and reception of data. There are two different types
of duplex mode:
• Full Duplex Mode — Permits bisynchronous communication, for example, a telephone.
Two parties can transmit information at the same time.
Duplex Mode
• Half Duplex Mode — Permits asynchronous communication, for example, a walkie-
talkie. Only one party can transmit information at a time.
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol. DVMRP tunnels multicast messages
within unicast packets. DVMRP supports rate limiting and distribution control based on
destination address.
DVMRP
E
Egress Port
Port from which network traffic is transmitted.
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Provides fast convergence, support for
EIGRP
End System
EPG
variable-length subnet mask, and supports multiple network layer protocols.
An end user device on a network.
Exterior Gateway Protocol. Permits exchanging routing information between two
neighboring gateway hosts in an autonomous systems network.
ESP
Encapsulating Security Payload. Provides a variety of security services for IPv4 and IPv6.
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Term
Definition
Uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of Mpbs. A newer version
called Fast Ethernet supports 100 Mbps. Ethernet is standardized as per IEEE 802.3.
Ethernet is the most commonly implemented LAN standard.
Ethernet
Embedded Web Server. Provides device management via a standard web browser.
EWS
Embedded Web Servers are used in addition to or in place of a CLI or NMS.
F
FE
Fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet transmits at 100 Mbps rather than 10 Mbps.
Fast Forward Table. Provides information about forwarding routes. If a packet arrives at a
device with a known route, the packet is forwarded via a route listed in the FFT. If there is
not a known route, the CPU forwards the packet and updates the FFT.
FFT
First In First Out. A queuing process where the first packet in the queue is the first to be
FIFO
transmitted.
Flapping occurs when an interface’s state is constantly changing. For example, an
STP port constantly changes from listening to learning to forwarding. This may cause
detrimental traffic loss.
Flapping
Flow Control
Enables lower speed devices to communicate with higher speed devices. This is
implemented by the higher speed device refraining from sending packets.
Ethernet packets smaller than 576 bits.
Fragment
Frame
FTP
Packets containing the header and trailer information required by the physical medium.
File Transfer Protocol. Transfers files between network nodes.
G
GARP
GeneralAttributes Registration Protocol. Registers client stations into a multicast domain.
GigaBit Interface Converter. A hardware module used to attach network devices to fiber-
based transmission systems. GBIC converts the serial electrical signals to serial optical
signals and vice versa.
GBIC
Gigabit Ethernet transmits at 1000 Mbps, and is compatible with existing 10/100 Ethernet
standards.
Gigabit Ethernet
GRE
Generic Routing Encapsulation. Enables tunneling using encapsulation with various
protocol packet types. GRE creates a virtual point-to-point link to remote IP internetwork
routers.
GVRP
H
GARPVLAN Registration Protocol. Registers client stations into a VLAN.
Host Monitoring Protocol. Collects network information from various networks hosts.
HMP monitors hosts spread over the internet as well as hosts in a single network.
Head of Line. Packets are queued. Packets at the head of the queue are forwarded
before packets at the end.
HMP
HOL
Hop
The path between two network devices, for example, two routers.
Acomputer that acts as a source of information or services to other computers.
Host
Allows specific modules to be removed and/or replaced while the host device is running
without reconfiguring the device.
Hot Swapping
HyperText Transport Protocol. Transmits HTML documents between servers and clients
HTTP
on the internet.
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Term
Definition
I
Integrated Access Device. Device that multiplexes varied communication technologies
IAD
IC
onto a single telephone line for transmission to the carrier.
Integrated Circuit. Small electronic devices composed from semiconductor material.
Internet Control Message Protocol. Allows the gateway or destination host to
ICMP
communicate with the source host. For example, to report a processing error.
Inter-Domain Routing Protocol. Specifies how routers communicate with different domain
IDRP
IEEE
routers.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. An engineering organization that
develops communications and networking standards.
Used in the Spanning Tree Protocol, IEEE 802.1d supports MAC bridging to avoid
network loops.
IEEE 802.1d
IEEE 802.1p
EEE 802.1q
Prioritizes network traffic at the data-link/MAC sub-layer.
Defines the operation of VLAN Bridges that permit the definition, operation, and
administration of VLANs within Bridged LAN infrastructures.
Internet Group Management Protocol. Allows hosts to notify their local switch or router
that they want to receive transmissions assigned to a specific multicast group.
Interior Gateway Protocol. Allows for routing information exchange between gateways in
an autonomous network.
IGMP
IGP
System images are saved in two Flash sectors called images image 1 and image 2). The
active image stores the active copy; while the other image stores a second copy.
Ports on which network traffic is received.
Image File
Ingress Port
IP
Internet Protocol. Specifies the format of packets and their addressing method.IP
addresses packets and forwards the packets to the correct port.
Internet Protocol Address. A unique address assigned to a network device with two or
IPAddress
IPM
more interconnected LANs or WANs.
IP Multicast. Transmits multicast packets in a network. Multicast routing copies one
packet to several ports.
IP Version 6. Provides a newer version of the Internet Protocol, and follows IP version
4 (IPv4). IPv6 increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 128 bits. In addition, IPv6
support more levels of addressing hierarchy, more addressable nodes, and supports
simpler auto-configuration of addresses.
TPv6
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange. Transmits connectionless communications.
Intermediate System to Intermediate System. Provides Link State PDUs (LSPs)
ISIS
authentication by including authentication information as part of the LSP.
J
Enable transporting identical data in fewer frames. Jumbo Frames reduce overhead,
lower the processing time, and ensure fewer interruptions.
Jumbo Frames
K
Group of MD5 keys assigned to an interface. Key chains are assigned to interfaces in the
RIP or OSPF interface parameters.
Key Chain
L
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Term
L2TP
LAG
LAN
Definition
Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol. Helps build virtual private networks in the dial access space, and
provides Layer 2 Forwarding L2F) protocol and Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).
LinkAggregated Group.Aggregates ports or VLANs into a single virtual port or VLAN.
Local Area Network. Anetwork contained within a single room, building, campus or other
limited geographical area.
Data Link Layer or MAC Layer. Contains the physical address of a client or server station.
Layer 2 processing is faster than Layer 3 processing because there is less information to
process.
Layer 2
Layer 3
Network Layer. Contains the logical address and protocol type (IP, IPX, etc.). Layer
3 traffic can also be prioritized and forwarded based on packet information, such as
the source and destination address. Layer 3 processing takes longer than Layer 2
processing, as there is more information to process.
Establishes connections and ensures that all data arrives at the correct destination.
Packets inspected at the Layer 4 level are analyzed and forwarding decisions are based
on their applications.
Layer 4
LCP
Link Control Protocol. Manages authentication, compression, and encryption.
Enables the even distribution of data and/or processing packets across available network
resources. For example, load balancing may distribute the incoming packets evenly to all
servers, or redirect the packets to the next available server.
Load Balancing
M
Media Access Control Address. The MAC Address is a hardware specific address that
MACAddress
identifies each network node.
Characterizes a learning bridge, in which the packet’s source MAC address is recorded.
Packets destined for that address are forwarded only to the bridge interface on which that
address is located. Packets addressed to unknown addresses are forwarded to every
bridge interface. MACAddress Learning minimizes traffic on the attached LANs.
MACAddress Learning
MAC Layer
MAN
Asub-layer of the Data Link Control (DTL) layer.
Metropolitan Area Network. Acommunications network covering a metropolitan area or a
suburb.
Mask
Afilter that includes or excludes certain values, for example parts of an IP address.
Message Digest 5. An algorithm that produces a 128-bit hash. MD5 is a variation of
MD4, and increases MD4 security. MD5 verifies the integrity of the communication and
authenticates the origin of the communication.
MD5
MDI
Media Dependent Interface.Acable used for end stations.
MDIX
Media Dependent Interface with Crossover (MDIX).Acable used for hubs and switches.
Multiply-Divide Unit. A high-speed circuit that performs multiplication and division within
MDU
MIB
the CPU.
Management Information Base. MIBs contain information describing specific aspects of
network components.
Maximum Transfer Unit. Specifies the maximum frame size that can be transmitted over
a network. Frames that exceed the MTU must be broken into smaller frames.
Transmits copies of a single packet to multiple ports.
MTU
Multicast
N
Network Processor
CPU chips that are optimized for networking and communications functions.
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Term
Definition
Network Management System. An interface that provides a method of managing a
NMS
system.
A network connection endpoint or a common junction for multiple network lines. Nodes
include:
Node
• Processors.
• Controllers.
• Workstations.
O
Object Identifier. Used by SNMP to identify managed objects. In the SNMP Manager/
Agent network management paradigm, each managed object must have an OID to
identify it.
OID
Open Shortest Path First. A TCP/IP Interior Gateway protocol that calculates the lowest-
OSPF
cost route, multipath routing, and load balancing.
P
Packet
Blocks of information for transmission in packet switched systems.
Protocol Data Unit. A data unit specified in a layer protocol consisting of protocol control
information and layer user data.
PDU
Packet Internet Groper. Verifies if a specific IP address is available. A packet is sent to
another IP address and waits for a reply.
PING
Determines if traffic levels are within a specified profile. Policing manages the maximum
traffic rate used to send or receive packets on an interface.
Policing
Port
Physical ports provide connecting components that allow microprocessors to
communicate with peripheral equipment.
Monitors and mirrors network traffic by forwarding copies of incoming and outgoing
packets from one port to a monitoring port.
Port Mirroring
Indicates port speed. Port speeds include:
• Ethernet 10 Mbps.
Port Speed
• Fast Ethernet 100Mbps.
• Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps.
Point-to-Point Protocol. Enables connecting to the Internet over a serial link. PPP
establishes sessions between a PC and an ISP using the Link Control Protocol (LCP).
An authorizations set that performs security-relevant functions, for example, user access
to a device.
PPP
Privilege
Protocol
Protocol Stack
Q
Aset of rules that governs how devices exchange information across networks.
Layered set of protocols working together to provide networking functions.
Quality of Service. QoS provides policies that contain sets of filters (rules). QoS allows
network managers to decide how and what network traffic is forwarded according to
priorities, application types, and source and destination addresses.
QoS
Query
Extracts information from a database and presents the information for use.
R
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service. A method for authenticating system users,
RADIUS
RDP
and tracking connection time.
Remote Desktop Protocol.Allows a clients to communicate with the Terminal Server over
the network.
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Term
Definition
Provides duplication of devices, services, or events. If a device, service, or event fails,
redundancy provides a backup that can replace the lost functionality.
Redundancy
An Internet host or router that passes DHCP messages between DHCP clients and
DHCP servers.
RelayAgent
RIP
Routing Information Protocol. Stipulates how routing table information is exchanged
between routers.
Grips up to four wires. RJ-11 connector plugs the handset into the telephone, and the
telephone into the wall.
RJ-11 Connector
RJ-45 Connector
RMON
Grips up to eight copper wires and resembles a standard RJ-11 telephone connector.
RJ-45 connectors are commonly used with Ethernet devices.
Remote Monitoring on Network. Provides network information to be collected from a
single workstation.
Real Time Operating System. An operating system designed for use in a real time
ROS
computer system.
A device that connects to separate networks. Routers forward packets between two or
more networks. Routers operate at a Layer 3 level.
Router
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. Detects and uses network topologies that allow a faster
RSTP
convergence of the spanning tree, without creating forwarding loops.
Contains all Startup file commands, as well as all commands entered during the current
session. After the device is powered down or rebooted, all commands stored in the
Running Configuration file are lost.
Running Configuration
File
Resource V....Reservation Protocol. Enables Internet applications to obtain differing
RVSP
service resources for traffic flows.
S
Divides LANs into separate LAN segments for bridging and routing. Segmentation
eliminates LAN bandwidth limitations.
Segmentation
Acentral computer that provides services to other computers on a network. Services may
include file storage and access to applications.
Server
Simple Network Management Protocol. Manages LANs. SNMP-based software
communicates with network devices with embedded SNMP agents. SNMP agents
gather network activity and device status information and send the information back to a
workstation.
SNMP
System on a Chip. AnASIC that contains an entire system. For example, a telecom SoC
SoC
application can contain a microprocessor, digital signal processor, RAM, and ROM.
Prevents loops in network traffic. The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) provides tree
topography for any arrangement of bridges. STP provides one path between end stations
on a network, eliminating loops.
Spanning Tree Protocol
Secure Shell. Logs into a remote computer via a network, executes commands, and
transfers files from one computer to another.
SSH
Stand-alone Mode
Permits a device to operate independently from other devices.
Startup Configuration
Retains the exact device configuration when the device is powered down or rebooted.
Sub-network. Subnets are portions of a network that share a common address
component. In TCP/IP networks, devices that share a prefix are part of the same subnet.
For example, all devices with a prefix of 157.100.100.100 are part of the same subnet.
Subnet
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Term
Definition
Used to mask all or part of an IP address used in a subnet address. Switch Filters and
forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches support any packet protocol type.
Subnet Mask
T
Transmissions Control Protocol. Enables two hosts to communicate and exchange data
streams. TCP guarantees packet delivery, and guarantees packets are transmitted and
received in the order the are sent.
TCP/IP
Terminal Emulation Protocol. Enables system users to log in and use resources on
Telnet
remote networks.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol. Uses User Data Protocol (UDP) without security features to
TFTP
Trap
transfer files.
Amessage sent by the SNMP that indicates that system events have occurred.
Link Aggregation. Optimizes port usage by linking a group of ports together to form a
Trunking
U
single trunk (aggregated groups).
User Data Protocol. Communication protocol that transmits packets but does not
guarantee their delivery.
UDP
Unicast
V
Aform a routing that transmits one packet to one user.
Virtual Local Area Networks. Logical subgroups that constitute a Local Area Network
VLAN
VSDL
(LAN). This is done in software rather than defining a hardware solution.
Very High Bit Rate DSL. An asymmetric DSL version used at the fiber optic junction point
final drop to nearby customers.
W
WAN
WideArea Networks. Networks that cover a large geographical area.
Specifies which IP address bits are used, and which bits are ignored. Awild card mask of
255.255.255.255 indicates that no bit is important. A wildcard of 0.0.0.0 indicates that all
the bits are important.
Wildcard Mask
For example, if the destination IP address is 149.36.184.198 and the wildcard mask is
255.36.184.00, the first two bits of the IP address are used, while the last two bits are
ignored.
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