TL-WN861N
Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Rev: 1.0.0
1910010262
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FCC STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates,
uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning
the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
1) This device may not cause harmful interference.
2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction
with any other antenna or transmitter.
“To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, this grant is applicable to only
Mobile Configurations. The antennas used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a
separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating
in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.”
CE Mark Warning
This is a class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference,
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
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National Restrictions
2400.0-2483.5 MHz
Country
Restriction
Reason/remark
General authorization required for outdoor use and
public service
Bulgaria
Outdoor use limited to 10 mW Military Radiolocation use. Refarming of the 2.4 GHz
e.i.r.p. within the band band has been ongoing in recent years to allow current
France
2454-2483.5 MHz
relaxed regulation. Full implementation planned 2012
If used outside of own premises, general authorization
is required
Italy
General authorization required for network and service
supply(not for spectrum)
Luxembourg
None
This subsection does not apply for the geographical
area within a radius of 20 km from the centre of
Ny-Ålesund
Norway
Implemented
Russian Federation
Only for indoor applications
Note: Please don’t use the product outdoors in France.
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TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
For the following equipment:
Product Description: Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Model No.: TL-WN861N
Trademark: TP-LINK
We declare under our own responsibility that the above products satisfy all the technical
regulations applicable to the product within the scope of Council Directives:
Directives 1999/5/EC
The above product is in conformity with the following standards or other normative documents:
ETSI EN 300 328 V1.7.1: 2006
ETSI EN 301 489-1 V1.8.1:2008 & ETSI EN 301 489-17 V1.3.2:2008
EN60950-1:2006
EN62311:2008
Person is responsible for marking this declaration:
Yang Hongliang
Product Manager of International Business
TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
South Building, No.5 Keyuan Road, Central Zone, Science & Technology Park, Nanshan,
Shenzhen, P. R. China
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CONTENTS
Package Contents ....................................................................................................1
Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 2
1.1 Overview of the Product.......................................................................................... 2
1.2 Features.................................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 2 Installation Guide.................................................................................. 3
2.1 Software Installation................................................................................................ 3
2.1.1 Overview .................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Software Installation for Windows XP......................................................... 3
2.1.3 Software Installation for Windows Vista ..................................................... 8
Chapter 3 Configuration ...................................................................................... 13
3.1 Current Status....................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Profile Management.............................................................................................. 15
3.2.1 Add or Modify a Configuration Profile....................................................... 15
3.2.2 Remove a profile ...................................................................................... 20
3.2.3 Switch another Profile .............................................................................. 21
3.2.4 Export a Profile......................................................................................... 21
3.2.5 Import a Profile......................................................................................... 21
3.2.6 Scan Available Networks.......................................................................... 22
3.2.7 Auto Profile Selection Management ......................................................... 22
3.3 Diagnostics............................................................................................................ 23
3.3.1 Check Driver Information.......................................................................... 24
3.4 Configuration for Windows Vista ........................................................................... 25
Chapter 4 QSS Configuration.............................................................................. 28
4.1 PBC (Push Button Configuration) method............................................................. 29
4.2 PIN method ........................................................................................................... 31
4.2.1 Enter a PIN into your AP device............................................................... 31
4.2.2 Enter the PIN from your AP device........................................................... 32
Appendix A: Specifications................................................................................... 34
Appendix B: Glossary............................................................................................ 35
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Package Contents
The following items should be found in your package:
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¾
One TL-WN861N Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
One resource CD for TL-WN861N, including:
•
•
•
TP-LINK Wireless Client Utility (TWCU) and Drivers
User Guide
Other Helpful Information
Note:
)
Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or
missing, please contact with your distributor.
Conventions:
The ‘Adapter’ mentioned in this user guide stands for TL-WN861N Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
without any explanations.
1
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TL-WN861N
Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Chapter 1 Introduction
Thank you for choosing the TL-WN861N Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter!
1.1 Overview of the Product
The adapter is an 802.11n client device; it is designed to provide a high-speed and unrivaled
wireless performance for your notebook. With a faster wireless connection, you can get a better
Internet experience, such as downloading, gaming, video streaming and so on.
With the 802.11n technology, higher throughput improvements using MIMO (multiple input,
multiple output antennas), the TL-WN861N’s auto-sensing capability allows high packet transfer
rate of up to 300Mbps for maximum throughput. It has good capability on anti-jamming, and it can
also interoperate with other wireless (802.11b) products. The adapter supports WEP, WPA and
WPA2 encryption to prevent outside intrusion and protect your personal information from being
exposed.
The adapter is easy to install and manage. The Quick Setup Wizard guides you step-by-step
through the installation process; the TP-LINK Wireless Client Utility helps you create a wireless
connection immediately.
With unmatched wireless performance, reception, and security protection, the TL-WN861N is the
best choice for easily adding or upgrading wireless connectivity to your notebook computer.
1.2 Features
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Complies with IEEE802.11n, IEEE802.11g, IEEE802.11b standards
Supports WPA/WPA2 data security, IEEE802.1x authentication, TKIP/AES encryption,
64/128/152-bit WEP encryption
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Supports high rate of up to 300Mbps for maximum throughput, supports automatically
adjust to lower speeds due to distance or other operating limitations
Provides 32-bit Mini PCI interface
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¾
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Supports Ad-Hoc and Infrastructure modes
Good capability on anti-jamming
Supports roaming between access points when configured in Infrastructure mode
Ease to configure and provides monitoring information
Supports Windows 2000, XP, Vista
Built-in two internal antennas which are listed in a format of 2x2 for two receivers and two
transmitters.
2
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Chapter 2 Installation Guide
2.1Software Installation
2.1.1 Overview
The Adapter’s Setup Wizard will guide you through the Installation procedure for Windows 2000,
XP and Vista. The Setup Wizard will install the TP-LINK Wireless Client Utility (TWCU) and
drivers.
When you install the hardware prior to before installing the software, the system will prompt
“Found New Hardware Wizard”, click Cancel, and run the Setup Wizard program on the
CD-ROM.
The Setup steps for Windows 2000, XP and Vista are very similar. The following setup steps
are for Windows XP and for Windows Vista.
2.1.2 Software Installation for Windows XP
continue, select the TL-WN861N.There will be a menu including: Install Driver & Utility,
Install QSS and User Guide.
Figure 2-1
2. Click Install Driver & Utility to load the following screen.
3
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 2-2
Figure 2-3
4. After that, you should choose a Setup type. It is recommended that you select Install
Client Utilities and Driver. Select Install Driver Only to install driver only, select Make
Driver Installation Diskette(s) to make the diskette(s) as the installation driver (shown in
4
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TL-WN861N
Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 2-4
5. Click Browse to change the destination location for the software, then click Next in the
screen below (shown in Figure 2-5).
Figure 2-5
6. After that, select the program folder, you should create a new folder name or select one
from the Existing Folders list. It is recommended that you keep the default setting. Click
Next to continue the installation.
5
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Figure 2-6
7. Choose configuration tool, if you are not sure, please leave it default. Then click Next to
continue.
Figure 2-7
6
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TL-WN861N
Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 2-8
Note:
)
1) For Windows XP, the Setup Wizard will notify you of how to proceed with the installation
are able to work with the operating system. Click Continue Anyway to continue the
Installation.
Figure 2-9
Yes to continue installation.
7
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 2-10
9. After all the steps above, you will see the screen below, click Finish to complete the
installation.
Figure 2-11
2.1.3 Software Installation for Windows Vista
1.
continue, select the TL-WN861N.There will be a menu including: Install Driver & Utility,
Install QSS and User Guide.
8
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TL-WN861N
Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 2-16
Note:
)
For Windows Vista, the Setup Wizard will notify you of how to proceed with the installation
able to work with the operating system. Click Install this driver software anyway to
continue the Installation.
Figure 2-17
6.
Click Finish to complete the installation.
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 2-18
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Chapter 3 Configuration
TP-LINK TL-WN861N can be configured by TP-LINK Wireless Client Utility (TWCU). This
chapter describes how to configure your Adapter for wireless connectivity on your Wireless
Local Area Network (WLAN) and use the data security encryption features.
After Installing the Adapter, the Adapter’s tray icon
will appear in your system tray. It
appears at the bottom of the screen, and shows the signal strength using color and the received
signal strength indication (RSSI).
If the icon is gray, there is no connection.
If the icon is red, there is poor signal strength and the RSSI is less than 5dB.
If the icon is yellow, there is poor signal strength and the RSSI is between 5dB and 10dB.
If the icon is green, there is good signal strength and the RSSI is between 10dB and 20dB.
If the icon is green, there is excellent signal strength and the RSSI is more than 20dB.
Double-click the icon and the TWCU will run. You can also run the utility by clicking the Start→
All programs→TP-LINK→ TP-LINK Wireless Client Utility→TP-LINK Wireless Client
Utility. The TWCU provides some integrated and easy tools to:
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Display current status information
Edit and add configuration profiles
Display current diagnostics information
The section below introduces these above capabilities.
3.1 Current Status
The Current Status tab contains general information about the program and its operations. The
Current Status tab needn’t any configurations.
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 3-1
The following table describes the items found on the Current Status screen.
¾
Profile Name - This shows the name of current selected configuration profile. The
configuration of Profile name will be described on the General tab of Profile Management.
Link Status - This shows whether the station is associated to the wireless network.
Wireless Mode - Here displays the wireless mode.
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¾
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Network Type - The type of network and the station currently connected are shown here.
The options include:
•
•
Infrastructure (access point)
Ad Hoc
Note:
)
You can configure the network type and wireless mode on the Advanced tab of Profile
Management.
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IP Address - This displays the computer’s IP address.
Control Channel - This shows the currently connected channel.
Data Encryption - Here displays the encryption type the driver is using. You can configure
it on the Security tab of Profile Management.
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Server Based Authentication - This shows whether the server based authentication is
used.
Signal Strength - This shows the strength of the signal.
Click Advanced on the screen above, you can see advanced information about the program
and its operations.
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3.2Profile Management
Click the Profile Management tab of the TWCU and the next screen will appear (shown in
Figure 3-2). The Profile Management screen provides tools to:
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Add a new profile
Modify a profile
Remove a profile
Activate a Profile
Import a Profile
Export a Profile
Scan Available Networks
Order profiles
Figure 3-2
3.2.1 Add or Modify a Configuration Profile
To add a new configuration profile, click New on the Profile Management tab. To modify a
configuration profile, select the configuration profile from the Profile list and click Modify. Then
you will see the Management dialog box (shown in Figure 3-3).
1. Edit the General tab
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Profile Name - Please enter the Profile name which identifies the configuration profile. This
name must be unique. Note that the profile names are not case-sensitive.
Client Name - Please enter the Profile name which identifies the client machine.
Network Names (SSIDs) - Please enter the IEEE 802.11 wireless network name. This
field has a maximum limit of 32 characters.
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Figure 3-3
2. Edit the Security tab
Select the Security tab in the screen above, and then you can edit the fields to configure the
profile. To define the security mode, select the radio button of the desired security mode as
follows.
16
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
Figure 3-4
WPA/WPA2: Wi-Fi Protected Access.
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WPA/WPA2 Passphrase: Wi-Fi Protected Access Passphrase.
802.1x: Enables 802.1x security.
Pre-Shared Key (Static WEP): Enables the use of shared keys that are defined on both
the access point and the station. To define shared encryption keys, choose the Shared Key
Note:
)
The
security mode is not available for 802.11n.
WEP
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None: No security (not recommended).
Note:
)
If the access point which the Adapter is associated has WEP set and the client has WEP enabled,
association. To complete WEP encryption configuration, you must select the 802.11
Authentication Mode as appropriate on the Advanced tab of this Profile Management dialog.
To configure the Encryption Keys under the Pre-Shared keys (Static WEP) Security mode:
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Figure 3-5
Note:
)
Select different
, the configurations are different; you can select the
Security Options
appropriate security option and configure the exact key as your need.
3. Edit the Advanced tab
This screen below allows you to make advanced configuration for the profile.
18
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Figure 3-6
Power Save Mode - Please select the power save mode in the drop-down list.
¾
•
Maximum - Selects maximum mode to let the access point buffer incoming messages
for the Adapter. The Adapter will detect the access point if any messages are waiting
periodically.
•
•
Normal - Normal mode uses maximum when retrieving a large number of packets,
then switches back to power save mode after retrieving the packets.
Off - Turns power saving off, thus powering up the Wireless Mini PCI Adapter
continuously for a short message response time.
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Network Type: There are basically two modes of networking:
•
•
Infrastructure - All wireless clients will connect to an access point or wireless router.
Ad-Hoc - Directly connecting to another computer, for peer-to-peer communication,
using wireless network adapters on each computer, such as two or more TL-WN861N
wireless adapters.
Note:
)
1) An Infrastructure network contains an Access Point or wireless router. All the wireless
devices or clients will connect to the wireless router or access point.
2) An Ad-Hoc network contains only clients, such as laptops with wireless desktop adapters. All
the adapters must be in Ad-Hoc mode to communicate.
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Wireless Mode: Specifies 2.4 GHz 300 Mbps, 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps or 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps
operation in an access point network. The Wireless adapter must match the wireless mode
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TL-WN861N
of the access point with which it associates.
Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
¾
to start an Ad Hoc network if no matching network name is found after scanning all
available modes. This mode also allows the selection of the channel that the Wireless
Adapter uses. The channels available depend on the regulatory domain. If the adapter
finds no other ad hoc adapters, the channel that the adapter starts the ad hoc network with
will be selected automatically. The Adapter must match the wireless mode and channel of
the clients it associates.
¾
802.11 Authentication Mode: Select which mode the Adapter uses to authenticate to an
access point:
•
Auto causes the adapter to attempt authentication using shared, but switches it to
open authentication if shared fails.
•
Open enables an adapter to attempt authentication regardless of its WEP settings. It
will only associate with the access point if the WEP keys on both the adapter and the
access point match.
•
Shared only allows the adapter to associate with access points that have the same
WEP key.
For infrastructure (access point) networks, click Preferred APs… to specify four access points
at most to the client adapter that attempts to be associated to the access points. The four
access points have different priorities; the frontal has the higher priority.
Figure 3-7
3.2.2 Remove a profile
2. Select the profile name in the Profiles List.
3. Click Remove.
Note:
)
The profile being used can’t be removed.
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3.2.3 Switch another Profile
2. Select the profile name required in the Profiles List.
3. Click Activate.
3.2.4 Export a Profile
2. Click Export…, the Export Profile window will then appear below.
3. Browse the directory to export the profile to.
4. Click Save. The profile should then be exported to the specified location.
Figure 3-8
3.2.5 Import a Profile
Import Profile will appear below.
2. Browse to the directory where the profile is located.
3. Highlight the profile name.
4. Click Open, the imported profile will then appear in the Profiles List.
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Figure 3-9
3.2.6 Scan Available Networks
Infrastructure and Ad Hoc Networks window will appear below.
2. Click Refresh to refresh the list at any time.
3. Highlight a network name and click Activate to connect to an available network. If no
configuration profile exists for that network, the Profile Management window will open the
General tab screen. Fill in the Profile name and click OK to create the configuration profile
for that network.
Figure 3-10
3.2.7 Auto Profile Selection Management
The auto selection feature allows the adapter to automatically select a profile from the list of
profiles and use it to connect to the network. To add a new profile into the Auto Selected
Profiles list, please follow these steps.
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list of all created profiles in the Available Profiles.
Figure 3-11
3. Highlight the profiles to add to auto profile selection, and click Add. The profile will appear
in the Auto Selected Profiles box.
4. Highlight a profile in the Auto Selected Profiles box.
5. Click Move Up or Move Down as appropriate.
Note:
)
The first profile in the Auto Selected Profiles box has highest priority, while the last profile has the
lowest priority.
6. Click OK.
7. Check the Auto Select Profiles checkbox on the Profile Management tab (shown in
Note:
)
When auto profile selection is enabled by checking Auto Select Profiles on the Profile
Management tab, the client adapter will scan for an available network. The profile with the
highest priority and the same SSID as one of the found networks will be used to connect to the
network. If the connection fails, the client adapter will try the next highest priority profile that
matches the SSID until an available network is found.
3.3
Diagnostics
The Diagnostics tab of the TP-LINK Wireless Client Utility (TWCU) provides buttons used to
retrieve receiving and transmitting statistics. The Diagnostics tab does not require any
configuration.
The Diagnostics tab lists the following receiving and transmitting diagnostics for frames
received or transmitted by the wireless network adapter:
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Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
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¾
¾
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Multicast frames transmitted and received
Broadcast frames transmitted and received
Unicast frames transmitted and received
Total bytes transmitted and received
Figure 3-12
3.3.1 Check Driver Information
Click the Adapter Information button in the screen above, you will see the adapter information,
including general information about the wireless network adapter and the Network Driver
Interface Specification (NDIS) driver. Access the adapter information from the Diagnostics tab.
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Card Name - The name of the wireless network adapter.
MAC Address - The MAC address of the wireless network adapter.
Driver - The driver name and path of the wireless network adapter driver.
Driver Version - The version of the wireless network adapter driver.
Driver Date - The creation date of the wireless network adapter driver.
Client Name - The name of the client computer.
3.3.2 Check Receive and Transmit Statistical Information
The Advanced Statistics show receiving and transmitting statistical information about the
following receiving and transmitting diagnostics for frames received by or transmitted to the
wireless network adapter.
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Figure 3-13
3.4 Configuration for Windows Vista
After the Adapter's driver has been installed, Windows Vista will display a wireless Network
Connection message like this one.
Figure 3-14
Icon
means the connection has been established. Icon
means there is no
connection.
To establish a connection, please follow the steps below.
1. Right-click the icon in your system tray, then click Connect to a network.
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Figure 3-15
2. The following screen will show you available wireless networks. Highlight the one you want
to join, and then click Connect.
Figure 3-16
3. To continue, click Connect Anyway. Click the Cancel button to end the connection.
Figure 3-17
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4. If the connection is successful established, the following screen will appear, click close to
finish the connection.
Figure 3-18
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Chapter 4 QSS Configuration
QSS (Quick Secure Setup) function allows you to add a new wireless device to an existing
network quickly.
If the wireless card supports Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), you can establish a wireless
connection between wireless card and router using either Push Button Configuration (PBC)
method or PIN method.
First, the QSS software should be installed. Insert the Resource CD into your CD-ROM drive,
including: Install Driver & Utility, Install QSS and User Guide.
Figure 4-1
Next, select Install QSS to load the following screen.
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Figure 4-2
Then, please follow the clue of the Operation System to complete the QSS installation. After
that, QSS function can be enabled. Here we will introduce two ways to configure the QSS (For
the configuration of QSS, here takes the Wireless Router of our company for example).
4.1 PBC (Push Button Configuration) method
Figure 4-3
2. Double click the icon
on the desktop to open the QSS Utility and then you can see the
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Figure 4-6
4.2 PIN method
There are two ways to configure the QSS by PIN method:
1) Enter a PIN into your AP device.
2) Enter the PIN from your AP device.
Following are the detailed configuration procedure of each way.
4.2.1 Enter a PIN into your AP device
1. Double click the icon
on the desktop to open the QSS Utility and then you can see the
the second option, and you will see the PIN value of the adapter which is randomly
generated. Click Next.
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Figure 4-7
2. Open the Router’s Web-based Utility and click QSS link on the left of the main menu. Then
Figure 4-8
Figure 4-9
4.2.2 Enter the PIN from your AP device
will appear. Select the third option and enter the PIN value which is labeled on the bottom of
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the Router. Click Next.
Figure 4-10
Note:
)
If you generate a new PIN code for your Router, please enter the new one instead.
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Appendix A: Specifications
Normal
Interface
32 bit Mini PCI Interface
Standards
Operating System
Throughput
IEEE802.11n; IEEE802.11g; IEEE802.11b;
Windows 2000, XP, Vista
300Mbps (Maximal)
27/54/81/108/162/216/243/270Mbps
13.5/27/40.5/54/81/108/121.5/135Mbps
13/26/39/52/78/104/117/130Mbps
6.5/13/19.5/26/39/52/58.5/65Mbps
1/2/5.5/11Mbps
Radio Data Rate
(Auto Rate Sensing)
11b:CCK,QPSK,BPSK;
Modulation
11g:OFDM;
11n: QPSK,BPSK,16-QAM,64-QAM
Media Access Protocol CSMA/CA with ACK
Data Security
WPA/WPA2; 64/128/152-bit WEP; TKIP/AES
Frequency
2.4 ~ 2.4835GHz
Spread Spectrum
Safety & Emissions
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
FCC, CE
Environmental and Physical
Operating Temp.
Storage Temp.
Humidity
0℃~40℃ (32℉~104℉)
-40℃~ 70℃ (-40℉~158℉)
10% ~ 95% RH, Non-condensing
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Appendix B: Glossary
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802.11b - The 802.11b standard specifies a wireless product networking at 11 Mbps using
direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and operating in the unlicensed radio
spectrum at 2.4GHz, and WEP encryption for security. 802.11b networks are also referred to
as Wi-Fi networks.
802.11g - specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps using direct-sequence
spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology, using OFDM modulation and operating in the
unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.4GHz, and backward compatibility with IEEE 802.11b devices,
and WEP encryption for security.
802.11n - 802.11n builds upon previous 802.11 standards by adding MIMO (multiple-input
data throughput via spatial multiplexing and increased range by exploiting the spatial diversity,
perhaps through coding schemes like Alamouti coding. The Enhanced Wireless Consortium
a technology specification for interoperability of next-generation wireless local area
networking (WLAN) products.
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Ad-hoc Network - An ad-hoc network is a group of computers, each with a Wireless Adapter,
connected as an independent 802.11 wireless LAN. Ad-hoc wireless computers operate on a
peer-to-peer basis, communicating directly with each other without the use of an access point.
Ad-hoc mode is also referred to as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or as
peer-to-peer mode, and is useful at a departmental scale or SOHO operation.
DSSS - (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum) - DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern for all
data transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). Even if one or more bits
in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the receiver
can recover the original data without the need of retransmission. To an unintended receiver,
DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband
receivers. However, to an intended receiver (i.e. another wireless LAN endpoint), the DSSS
signal is recognized as the only valid signal, and interference is inherently rejected (ignored).
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FHSS - (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) - FHSS continuously changes (hops) the
carrier frequency of a conventional carrier several times per second according to a
pseudo-random set of channels. Because a fixed frequency is not used, and only the
transmitter and receiver know the hop patterns, interception of FHSS is extremely difficult.
Infrastructure Network - An infrastructure network is a group of computers or other devices,
each with a Wireless Adapter, connected as an 802.11 wireless LAN. In infrastructure mode,
the wireless devices communicate with each other and to a wired network by first going
through an access point. An infrastructure wireless network connected to a wired network is
referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS). A set of two or more BSS in a single network is
referred to as an Extended Service Set (ESS). Infrastructure mode is useful at a corporation
scale, or when it is necessary to connect the wired and wireless networks.
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Spread Spectrum - Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique
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TL-WN861N
Wireless N Mini PCI Adapter
developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communications systems.
It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other
words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the
trade off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the
receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is
not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise.
There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency
Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
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SSID - A Service Set Identification is a thirty-two character (maximum) alphanumeric key
identifying a wireless local area network. For the wireless devices in a network to
communicate with each other, all devices must be configured with the same SSID. This is
typically the configuration parameter for a wireless PC card. It corresponds to the ESSID in
the wireless Access Point and to the wireless network name. See also Wireless Network
Name and ESSID.
WEP - (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A data privacy mechanism based on a 64-bit or 128-bit or
152-bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard. To gain access to a
WEP network, you must know the key. The key is a string of characters that you create.
When using WEP, you must determine the level of encryption. The type of encryption
determines the key length. 128-bit encryption requires a longer key than 64-bit encryption.
Keys are defined by entering in a string in HEX (hexadecimal - using characters 0-9, A-F) or
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange – alphanumeric characters)
format. ASCII format is provided so you can enter a string that is easier to remember. The
ASCII string is converted to HEX for use over the network. Four keys can be defined so that
you can change keys easily.
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Wi-Fi - A trade name for the 802.11b wireless networking standard, given by the Wireless
group promoting interoperability among 802.11b devices.
WLAN - (Wireless Local Area Network) - A group of computers and associated devices
communicate with each other wirelessly, which network serving users are limited in a local
area.
WPA - (Wi-Fi Protected Access) - A wireless security protocol uses TKIP (Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol) encryption, which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.
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