Tanita Scale BC 418MA User Manual

BODY COMPOSITION ANALYZER

BC-418MA

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

This equipment conforms to the following Safety Standards, the EMC Directive and the required items in the Medical Device Directive.

Safety Standard

: EN60601-1:1990, AM No.1:1993, AM No.2:1995

IEC60601-1:1988, AM No.1:1991, AM No.2:1995

: EN-60601-1-2:1993

EMC Standard

IEC60601-1-2:1993

Medical Device Directory Standard :93/ 42/ EEC:1993

The Barn, Philpots Close, Yiewsley,

West Drayton, Middlesex,

UB7 7RY, United Kingdom

Tel : +44-1895-438577 Fax : +44-1895-438511

14-2,1-chome,Maeno-cho,Itabashi-ku

Tokyo,Japan

Tel:(03)3968-2123 / (03)3968-7048 Fax:(03)3967-3766

2625 South Clearbrook Drive

Arlington Heights, Illinois 60005 U.S.A.

Toll Free : (800) 826-4828

Tel : 847-640-9241

Unit 301-303 3/F Wing On Plaza,

62 Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East,

Kowloon, Hong Kong

Dresdener Strasse 25

D-71065 Sindelfingen,

Germany

Tel : 07031-6189-6

Fax : 07031-6189-71

Villa Labrouste

Please read this Instruction Manual carefully and keep

68 Boulevard Bourdon,

92200 Neuilly-Sur-Seine,

France

Tel : +852-2838-7111

it handy for future reference.

Fax : 847-640-9261

Fax : +852-2838-8667

Tel : 01 55 24 99 99

Fax : 01 55 24 98 68

http : //www.tanita.com

BC4187011(1)

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1.Product Assembly and Components

a Product Structure

a Rear View of Control Box

Please verify that the following components are in the package.

ቢ

Control Box

ቢPaper Dispenser Cover

ባ

ባPrinter Cover

ብ

ቤControl Panel

ƽ RS-232C

ብDigital Display

RS-232C Port

ቦLeft-hand grip

ቦ

ቧRight-hand grip

ቤ

ቨColumn

ቧ

ቩAnterior Electrodes

ቪPosterior Electrodes

ቫLevel Gauge

a Digital Display

ቭAdjustable feet

ቨ

Body weight mark

Measurement unit mark (kg)

Indicates that the device is being

used to measure body weight

In d icates th at th e w eigh t is

shown in kilograms

AC Adapter

Clothes weight mark

In d icates th at th e w eigh t of

clothes is being subtracted

Cable

P T

Gender mark (male)

Stabilize mark

Indicates that the user is male

In d icates th at th e d isp layed

figure has stabilized

STABILIZE

cm / ft.in

AGE

MALE

FEMALE

Gender mark (female)

Indicates that the user is female

Unit of height (cm / ft. in)

nd icates that the height is show n in

either centimeters or in feet and inches

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

% FAT

Athlete mark

Age mark

ቫ

ቭ

In d icates th at th e u ser is an

“athlete”

Indicates that the figure shown

is the user’s age

Ready mark

In d icates th at th e d evice is

ready to begin measurements

Body fat percentage

Indicates that the figure shown

is the body fat percentage

Platform

ቩ

ቪ

Accessories

Printer Paper

Instruction Manual

(Technical Notes)

Bottom Cover

Attachment Screws

Paper Width：58mm

Paper Roll Diameter：Maximum 55mm

Column Attachment

Screws

Syringe

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2.Assembly Instructions

a Membrane Switch

Clothes Weight Setting Key

Weight Only Key

Sets the clothes weight.

Measures body weight only.

Even if the user is d ressed , w eight minus the w eight of

clothes can be measured.

Feed Key

ON/ OFF Key

Advances the print paper.

Turns the power on or off.

P T

Type

BC-418MA

%Body Fat Range : 1%~75%

%Body Fat Increments : 0.1%

Max 200kg

Numerical Keys

e=d= 0.1kg

Inputs numerical values.

Min

2kg

T= -200kg

Operation Temperature Range

0 / +35˚C

Time Set Key

Sets the date and time.

Body part data display keys

Column

Attachment

Screws

Used to display the measurement

results for the right arm, left arm,

right leg, left leg and trunk

Bottom Cover

Attachment Screws

Body Type Keys

To select the appropriate body type

CE Key

Clears entries.

Tanita defines “athlete” as a person involved in intense physical activity of at least 10

hours per week and who has a resting heart rate of approximately 60 beats per minute

or less. Tanita’s athlete definition includes “lifetime of fitness” individuals who have

been fit for years but currently exercise less than 10 hours per week.

a How to Attach the Column to the Weighting Platform

ቢRemove the Bottom Cover.

ባInsert the one cables from the column into the holes on

the Weighing Platform.

Tanita’s athlete definition does not include “enthusiastic beginners” who are making a

real commitment to exercising at least 10 hours per week but whose bodies have not yet

changed to require the Athlete mode.

ቤTighten the four Column Attachment Screws and attach

the column to the Weighing Platform.

ብConnect the one cables from the column to the Weighing

Platform as shown in the illustration and replace the

Bottom Cover using the two Bottom

Cover Attachm ent Screw s. When

replacing the Bottom Cover, please

place the cables in the right position

so th at th ey w ill n ot get cau gh t

between the cover and the Weighing

Platform . Th is m ay d am age th e

cables.

Please see Technical Notes booklet for further explanation.

Digital display

P T

MALE

STABILIZED

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

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3.Preparation for Use

a Connection and Installation

a Loading the Printer Paper Roll

●Please change the paper roll when red lines appear along the sides of the paper.

CAUTION

1. Turn the equipment on by pressing the [

key.

]

P T

“P.End” will flash in the middle of the screen.

This means that there is no printer paper.

* When you do not have any printer paper to replace

the old roll, p ress the [ ] key. “P.End ” w ill

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

Level Gauge

Check

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

disappear and you can continue measurement.

2. Remove the Paper Dispenser Cover.

When you lift up the Paper Dispenser Cover from the

back of the Control Box, it can be easily removed.

For accurate measurement, place the Weighing Platform on as flat a surface as possible and adjust the level with the adjustable feet so the bubble in

the level gauge is in the center of the frame.

CAUTION

3. Cut off the end of the printer paper where the

glue is (about 3 cm) in a straight line.

3cm

Make sure you place the Weighing Platform on a stable level surface and adjust the level with the adjustable feet. If the

Weighing Platform is not stable because not all the feet are on the surface, for example, there is a risk of stumbling or

inaccurate measurement.

Please make sure to cut off the part with the

glue because the glue may hinder the paper

feeding through the printer.

a Connection of Plugs

DC Jack for AC Adapter

4. Insert the printer paper into the slit.

The printer paper is automatically rolled up and the

edge of the paper is cut automatically.

Please remove the cut paper.

Please make sure you insert the printer paper

straight into the slit.

Pilot Lamp

Adjustable feet

5. Insert the catches of the Paper Dispenser Cover

into the guide holes.

* If a paper jam occurs, please refer to P. 25.

1. Insert the plug from the AC adapter into the DC jack on the back of the Control Box.

2. Connect the cable and the AC adapter and insert the plug on the cable into the wall outlet.

• To avoid electric shock, do not insert or remove the plug with wet hands.

WARNING _{• To avoid electric shock, do not use the equipment near water.}

CAUTION

such as mobile phones.

• To avoid measurement error, do not measure while using equipment that generates radio waves,

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4.Setting Date and Time

5.Mode Selection

Set the functions (modes) that you want this equipment to start with. The selected modes will be automatically recorded.

a Setting the date and time

If it is not necessary to change the settings, the equipment will start up when you simply press the [

] key.

The printer function is ON in the display shown below.

a Setting the number of printouts, the printout language, and the printout items

Select the number of print outs (0 - 9) and language. (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish)

1. Push the [

] key.

P T

1. While holding down the [0] key, press the [

]

The entire display will begin to flash, and then the

key.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

clothes weight input screen will appear.

P T

FEMALE

Release the keys after “Prt-1” is displayed on the

screen.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

FEMALE

% FAT

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

TIME SET

2. Push the [

] key.

The date and time input screen will appear.

The upper row of numbers show the year, the middle

row the month and day, and the bottom row the time

(hours and minutes).

2. Select the number of print outs

Using the numerical keys, enter the quantity of print

outs desired.

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

P T

TIME SET

FEMALE

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

The maximum number is nine.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

FEMALE

TIME SET

* If no changes are to be made, press the [

] key again.

[1]~[9]

[0]

Quantity of print outs

No printout

% FAT

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

3. Input the present date and time.

Input the appropriate numbers, beginning with the

P T

3. Language Selection

top row, in the flashing space.

Example: To input May 1, 2001, 6:03 p.m., press in

order the following keys:

If “0” is selected at step 2, you cannot preset

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

P T

FEMALE

the language.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

FEMALE

The display will automatically change to the language

selection screen. The currently selected language will

be displayed as a number.

Example: (LNG-1) means English.

Select the language desired using the numerical keys.

[1] : English

% FAT

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

* If you make an error while inputting a number, press the

] key.

% FAT

[

This will return you to the previous input space.

P T

TIME SET

4. Press the [

] key.

[2] : French

[3] : German

[4] : Italian

[5] : Spanish

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

The date and time are set, and the clock function is

running.

The d isplay w ill now retu rn to the step prior to

entering this mode.

* The clock function is backed up by the rechargeable battery,

but natural electric discharge of the rechargeable battery

may occur if the device is not in use for an extended period

(more than 2 weeks); this will clear the settings, making it

necessary to reset the date and time.

P T

FEMALE

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

TIME SET

FEMALE

% FAT

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

4. Printing selection

Printing contents are selected from numerical keys.

[0] : Short

[1] : Long

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

5. The displa y will a utoma tica lly cha nge to the

measurement screen after all the input has been

completed.

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

If further change to the print settings is d esired ,

please turn off the equipment and follow steps 1 - 4

above.

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

The equipment will start up with these settings next time you use it.

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a Setting the Original Mode

This process is utilized to select whether or not you use the target body fat ratio function. (See the printout sample

on page 16.)

< H I N T! >

The target body fat ratio function is deactivated when this product is shipped from factory.

1. Press the

key while holding down the

key.

P T

MALE

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

[0] : The target body fat ratio function is deactivated

[1] : The target body fat ratio function is activated

If the number of print outs is set to “0” during

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

the process of “Setting the Number of Print

FEMALE

Outs and Language” on page 13, you cannot

preset this item.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

2. After the input is completed, the display will

a utoma tica lly cha nge to the mea surement

screen.

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

The equipment will start up with these settings next time you use it.

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Sa m p le

T A N I T A

B O D Y C O M P O S I T I O N

A N A L Y Z E R

B C

—

4 1 8

2 1 ⁄ S E P ⁄ 2 0 0 2 1 9 : 2 9

B O D Y T Y P E

S T A N D A R D

G E N D E R

A G E

M A L E

3 4

H E I G H T

W E I G H T

B M I

1 7 9

c m

k g

7 3 .

2 3 .

B M R

7 2 9 4

k J

1 7 4 3 k c a l

F A T %

1 3 .

9 .

k g

This section prints the both the

bod y typ e an d bod y

com p osition d ata of th e

current user.

F A T M A S S

F F M

6 3 .

4 6 .

T B W

D E S I R A B L E R A N G E

F A T %

8 – 2 0

F A T M A S S

5 . 5 – 1 5 .

k g

T A R G E T B F % i s

P r e d i c t e d w e i g h t

2 0 %

Th is section calcu lates th e

amount of fat that should be

lost or gained to achieve the

Target BF% (preset by the user

and health care professional).

7 9 .

1 5 .

6 .

k g

P r e d i c t e d f a t m a s s

F A T T O G A I N :

C o n s u l

y o u r p h y s i c i a n

b e f o r e b e g i n n i n g a n y

w e i g h t m a n a g e m e n t p r o –

g r a m . T a n i t a i s n o t r e –

s p o n s i b l e f o r d e t e r –

m i n i n g y o u r t a r g e t B F % .

I M P E D A N C E

W h o l e B o d y

R i g h t L e g

L e f t L e g

5 5 1

2 1 2

2 1 4

2 9 2

3 0 9

Ω

R i g h t A r m

L e f t A r m

S e g m e n t a l A n a l y s i s

R i g h t L e g

F a t %

8 . 9

F a t M a s s

1 . 1 k g

Printing selection

Goal Setter Mode

Input

Print Out

F F M

1 1 . 5 k g

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

STANDARD

ATHLETIC

1 0 . 9 k g

[1]

L e f t L e g

F a t %

1 0 . 1

F a t M a s s

1 . 2 k g

Short

[0]

F F M

1 1 . 0 k g

TARGET BF 00%

STANDARD

ATHLETIC

Th e m easu rem en t d ata for

each body part – the predicted

muscle mass, the fat mass, and

the body fat percentage – are

printed out in this portion.

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

1 0 . 4 k g

OFF

[0]

R i g h t A r m

F a t %

1 4 . 0

F a t M a s s

0 . 6 k g

3 . 6 k g

F F M

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

STANDARD

ATHLETIC

3 . 4 k g

[1]

L e f t A r m

F a t %

1 5 . 4

F a t M a s s

0 . 6 k g

3 . 5 k g

Long

[1]

TARGET BF 00%

STANDARD

ATHLETIC

F F M

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

3 . 3 k g

OFF

[0]

T r u n k

F a t %

1 5 . 0

6 . 0 k g

3 4 . 1 k g

F a t M a s s

F F M

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

For this Printing Selection, please refer to the page 13.

For this Goal Setter Mode, please refer to the page 14.

3 2 . 8 k g

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6.Operating Instructions

6. Set the Target Body Fat Ratio.

a Body Composition Analysis

After you in p u t th e h eigh t, “GOAL” w ill

automatically flash on the display. Input the target

body fat ratio desired using the numerical keys.

Example: 16% = Press [1] and [6].

9% = Press [0] and [9].

* If the number of print outs is set to “0”, nothing will

be displayed.

P T

MALE

This explains the procedure when the printer function is turned on. Please be aware that the display may be

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

FEMALE

different if the number of printouts is set to [0].

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

detergent to clean the equipment.

20˚C or more, wait for at least two hours before using it.

* If the target body fat ratio is set to OFF, the target

body fat ratio will not be printed out.

mobile phone avoid causing margin errors.

progra m a nd set the a ppropria te persona l

body fa t ra tio, plea se consult your doctor.

Ta nita is not resp onsib le for setting the

appropriate target body fat ratio for specific

individuals.

1. Turn on the Power.

Press the [

] key.

P T

MALE

“0.0” will appear on the upper portion of the display.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

FEMALE

percentage, please refer to the Technical Notes.

Male athletes may wish to select a single digit

body fat percentage as their target. However,

this is not recommended for Standard Adults, in

particular women, who should avoid becoming

excessively lean. Always consult a doctor about

the target body fat percentage most suitable for

your body type.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

2. Enter Clothes Weight.

Enter clothes weight using the numerical keys.

Example: if the clothes weight is 2.0 kg, press [2], [.]

and then [0].

When the data input is completed, the data will be

displayed as a minus number.

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

©Do not step on the Weighing Platform until the

3. Select the Body Type.

ta rget b od y fa t ra tio setting ha s b een

Select the Bod y Type from Stand ard Male, Stand ard

Female, Athletic Male and Athletic Female. Please use the

Athletic key when the user is 17 years or older and also

meets the following criteria.

comp leted b eca use the p ower ma y b e

automatically turned off or the measurement

may be inaccurate.

P T

Male

Female

STANDARD

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

* If you want to change the settings, please press the

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

See page 8 for Tanita’s definition of “Athlete.”

[

] key and the procedure will go back to the

% FAT

former step. Please re-enter the data.

4. Enter Age.

7. After “88888” is displayed on the upper portion

of the display, a flashing arrow will appear next

STEP ON

* If the user is 32 years old or younger.

Example: Press [3] and [2].

* If the user is 9 years old or younger

Example: press [0] and [9].

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

* If ages 16 or less are entered, even if Athletic is

selected for the Body Type, it will be automatically

changed to Standard.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

8. Start Measurement.

5. Enter Height.

Step on the Weighing Platform with bare feet so they

touch the electrodes. Stand in a stable position without

bending your knees.

Example: If the user’s height is 172 cm, please press [1], [7]

P T

Posterior Electrodes

Anterior Electrodes

and then [2].

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

●Do not use the ha nd grips, a s you will only be

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

measuring your body weight this time.

% FAT

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9. Taking Measurement.

a Weight Only Function

Step on the weighing platform in bare feet. Make sure heels

are placed on the posterior electrodes, and the front part of

the feet are in contact with the anterior electrodes.

P T

MALE

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

1. After turning on the unit, press the [

] key.

FEMALE

P T

After a momentary display check, “0.0” will appear

on the LCD. If measuring units need to be changed,

do so at this time by pressing the [

An arrow on the LCD will follow the selection of

weighing units.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

10.Measure the Impedance.

% FAT

FEMALE

]key.

When the grips are grasped with both hands,

w ill appear at the bottom of the d isplay and the

impedance measurement will begin.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

Th e

m arks w ill d isap p ear on e by on e d u rin g th e

2. Weight Measurement.

measurement; after five full cycles, the measurement will be complete.

Step on th e w eigh in g p latform . Weigh t w ill be

P T

●

Gra b the grips (two loca tions) only a fter the body

weight figure on the display has stabilized.

displayed on the LCD.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

●Do not step off the Weighting Platform until

the “ ” symbols disappear completely.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

●In cases when measurements of the body fat ratio

or the quantity of fat are abnormally small or the

error message (E01) is shown on the display, the

probable reason is that the soles of the feet and the

electrodes are not in full contact. Make sure you

step on the Weighing Platform so there is contact

between the electrodes and the soles of your feet.

If the problem is not solved this way, it is possible

that the soles of the feet have calluses and the

resistance is too great. Therefore, place about 0.5

ml of water on each of the four electrodes where

the feet touch before measurement.

3. When measuring is complete, press the [

key to turn off the power.

]

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

●No printer is a va ila ble when mea suring

weight only.

●If body composition analysis is desired, turn

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

the unit off and then on, using the [

key.

]

Important Note: There is no automatic weight lock

function.

P T

11.Measurement Is Completed.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

a Setting of Clothes Weight

Once the body weight and impedance measurements have

been completed, the overall body fat percentage will be

shown at the bottom of the display and a buzzer will sound.

If the printer is ON, the measurement results will be printed out.

* With regard to the measurement result, please refer to P. 22.

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

1. Press the [

] key.

P T

The arrow next to P T twill flash.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

P T

FEMALE

If the printer is OFF, the measurement results (predicted

muscle mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage) for each

body part can be displayed using the ten-key pad.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

Left arm

Left leg

Right arm

Right leg

Select the number of the desired body part on the ten-key pad.

2. Enter the clothes weight.

Example: If the clothes weight is 2.0 kg, press [2], [.]

and then [0].

[4]:

[6]:

[0]:

[. ]:

Left arm

Right ar

Left leg

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

* When you want to correct an entry, press the [

key and enter the data again.

]

FEMALE

Right leg

[5] and [2]: Trunk

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

Trunk

% FAT

* See page 13 for details on printer settings.

Step off the Weighing Platform.

3. Finalizing the setting

P T

Press the [

] key to finalize the clothes weight.

12.When You Continue to Measure.

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

The finalized clothes w eight is d isp layed w ith a

m inu s, an arrow next to P T t lights u p , and it

becomes possible to measure your weight.

After p rin tin g is com p leted , go back to step 3.

Measure by entering the data in the same procedure.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

P T

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

13.Finish Measurement.

% FAT

Press the [

] key and turn off the power.

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a Explanation of the Print Out

Sa m p le

Body Fat Ranges for Standard Adults

Underfat

Healthy

Overfat

Obese

Age

T A N I T A

B O D Y C O M P O S I T I O N

A N A L Y Z E R

20-39

BMI:Body Mass Index is a height to weight

ratio, and is calculated by the following

formula:

B C

—

4 1 8

BMR:Basal Metabolic Rate represents the

total energy exp end ed by the bod y to

maintain normal functions at rest such as

respiration and circulation.

40-59

60-79

Female

2 1 ⁄ S E P ⁄ 2 0 0 2

1 9 : 2 9

Weight (kg)

Height (m2)

Desirable Range 18.5 - 24.9

B O D Y T Y P E

S T A N D A R D

G E N D E R

A G E

M A L E

3 4

H E I G H T

W E I G H T

B M I

1 7 9

c m

k g

7 3 .

10%

20%

30%

40%

FAT MASS:Total weight of fat mass (in kg ,

lb) in the body.

2 3 .

FAT%:The percentage of total body weight

that is fat.

B M R

7 2 9 4

k J

1 7 4 3 k c a l

20-39

40-59

60-79

F A T %

1 3 .

9 .

k g

F A T M A S S

F F M

FFM:Fat Free Mass is comprised of muscle,

bone, tissue, water, and all other fat free

mass in the body.

6 3 .

4 6 .

TBW:Total Body Water is the amount of

water (expressed as lb, kg, or st.lb) retained

in th e bod y. TBW is said to com p rise

between 50% - 70% of total body weight.

Generally, men tend to have higher water

w eigh t th an w om en d u e to a greater

amount of muscle.

T B W

Male

D E S I R A B L E R A N G E

F A T %

8 – 2 0

F A T M A S S

5 . 5 – 1 5 .

k g

T A R G E T B F % i s

P r e d i c t e d w e i g h t

PW:Predicted weight

Calculated w eight for the given Target

BF%.

Underfat

Healthy

Overfat

Obese

2 0 %

7 9 .

1 5 .

6 .

k g

* As reported by Gallagher,et al., at NY Obesity Research Center.

To determine the percentage of body fat that's appropriate for your body,consuit your physician.

P r e d i c t e d f a t m a s s

F A T T O G A I N :

PFM:Predicted fat mass

Caluculated fat mass for the given Target

BF%.

FAT TO LOSE/ GAIN:

Calcu lated fat m ass to lose or gain to

achieve the Predicted Weight.

C o n s u l

y o u r p h y s i c i a n

b e f o r e b e g i n n i n g a n y

w e i g h t m a n a g e m e n t p r o –

g r a m . T a n i t a i s n o t r e –

s p o n s i b l e f o r d e t e r –

m i n i n g y o u r t a r g e t B F % .

S e g m e n t a l A n a l y s i s

R i g h t L e g

I M P E D A N C E

Based on NIH/ WHO BMI Guidelines

F a t %

8 . 9

W h o l e B o d y

R i g h t L e g

L e f t L e g

5 5 1

2 1 2

2 1 4

2 9 2

3 0 9

Ω

F a t M a s s

1 . 1 k g

IMPEDANCE:Impedance reflects the body’s

inherent resistance to an electrical current.

Muscle acts as a conductor of the electrical

current, adipose tissue acts as a resistor.

Underwight

Normal Range

Pre obese

BMI ＜ 18.5

18.5 ≦ BMI ＜ 25

25 ≦ BMI ＜ 30

30 ≦ BMI ＜ 35

35 ≦ BMI ＜ 40

BMI ≧ 40

F F M

1 1 . 5 k g

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

R i g h t A r m

L e f t A r m

1 0 . 9 k g

L e f t L e g

F a t %

1 0 . 1

F a t M a s s

1 . 2 k g

Obese

CLASS l

CLASS ll

CLASS lll

F F M

1 1 . 0 k g

PMS:Predicted Muscle Mass

means bone-free lean tissue mass (LTM)

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

1 0 . 4 k g

R i g h t A r m

F a t %

1 4 . 0

F a t M a s s

0 . 6 k g

3 . 6 k g

F F M

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

3 . 4 k g

L e f t A r m

F a t %

1 5 . 4

F a t M a s s

0 . 6 k g

3 . 5 k g

F F M

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

3 . 3 k g

T r u n k

F a t %

1 5 . 0

6 . 0 k g

3 4 . 1 k g

F a t M a s s

F F M

P r e d i c t e d M u s c l e M a s s

3 2 . 8 k g

NOTE:Please refer to the Technical Notes for details.

Please consult your doctor before you start a body weight management program. Tanita is not responsible for the

target body fat ratio.

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7.Clearing Paper Jams

a Components of the Printer Unit

a Clearing Paper Jams

Please pay careful attention to avoid injury from the sharp edge.

Please turn off the machine before clearing Paper jams.

CAUTION

1. Remove the Paper Dispenser Cover.

If you lift up the Paper Dispenser Cover from the

back of the Control Box, it can be easily removed.

Automatic Cutter Unit

Printer Paper Outlet

2. Remove the Printer Cover.

As shown in the illustration, from the front side of the

Control Box, use a finger to lift up the Printer Cover.

The Printer Cover is firmly fixed by catches.

Please make sure not to drop the Control Box

when you remove the Printer Cover.

Paper Release Lever

3. Lift up the Automatic Cutter Unit.

From the front side of the Control Box, lift up the

Automatic Cutter Unit with a finger.

Auto-cutter

Unit

4. Raise the Paper Release Lever and remove the

jammed paper.

* This is a picture of the Control Box without the Printer Dispenser Cover and the Printer Cover, looking down

from above.

Paper Release

Lever

Remove the printer roll paper and the jammed paper.

5. Return the Paper Release Lever, the Automatic

Cutter Unit and the Printer Cover to the normal

position.

Insert the catches of the Printer Cover into the guide

holes of the Control Box and push it down slowly

while pressing the catches on both the left and right

hand sides until a click is heard.

Failure to press down the Paper Release Lever

will result in continuous feeding of the printer

paper without it being cut automatically.

6. Return the printer paper roll.

Retu rn th e p rin ter p ap er roll by follow in g th e

procedure in P. 11 [Loading Printer Paper Roll].

7. Return the Printer Dispenser Cover to the proper

position.

Press the Printer Dispenser Cover down slowly as the

catches of the cover go into the guide holes. P. 11.

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8.Troubleshooting

RS-232C Interface Instructions

This section describes the interface for outputting the BC-418 Body Composition Analyzer measurement results as

RS-232C signals to personal computers and other external devices.

a Problem List

If problems occur, please refer to the following instructions before you ask for repairs.

Only connect IEC950-compliant computers to the BC-418.

ƽCAUTION

Problem

Solution

• Please confirm that the Control Box is properly connected to the AC

Adapter and the AC Adapter is properly connected to the cable.

a Specifications

a Signal lines and connection methods

Nothing a ppea rs on the displa y a fter

pushing [

] key

Communication Standard

EIA RS-232C Compatible

Terminal number

Signal name

Communication Method Asynchronous Transmission

F.G .

• E-01 is d isplayed w hen the im ped ance show s an abnorm al value

compared to height and weight.

E-01 is displayed.

Signal speed

Data bit length

Parity

4800 baud

8 bits

R X D

T X D

Please make sure that measurement was carried out with bare feet, the

electrodes or the soles of the feet were clean, and the feet were correctly in

contact with the electrodes. If the feet are dry or have calluses, place water on

the electrodes before stepping on the unit.

None

G N D

Stop bit

1 bit

1 2 3 5

Terminator

CR+LF

• It is possible that the body fat ratio exceeds the measuring capacity.

Please stop measuring.

• This sign is displayed when the body fat percentage of the trunk is too

low and is off the measureable range.

E-02 is displayed and the reading of

the trunk cannot be obtained.

• Please refer to the readings of other parts for the body fat.

●Connection example Always use a reverse cable when connecting to an external computer.

Personal computer or

other device

• E - 11 is displayed when there is a loose connection between the control

box and the weighing platform.

E-11 is displayed.

BC-418M A

• Confirm that none of connections between the scale and control box are

loose or unplugged.

1 . F.G .

2 . R X D

3 . TX D

4 .

F.G .

TX D

R X D

R TS

C TS

G N D

D S R

D TR

•

There may be excessive vibration which will disturb the measurement process.

• The equipment requires readjustment.

E-12, 13 or 14 is displayed.

E-16 is displayed.

• Measurement is not possible because impedance is unstable. In order to

improve electrical conductivity, please clean the soles of the feet or

place water on the electrodes before using the equipment.

5 . G N D

•

Please confirm the number of print outs selected is more than 0. (See P. 13)

• Please confirm that the correct brand of paper is used.

Please confirm that the printer paper roll is placed in the correct position.

No print out

•

• Please confirm that the printer paper is not jammed.

●An RS-232C connector (D sub 9-pin male) is located in the lower center on the back of the control box.

●Use an RS-232C cross cable when connecting to a personal computer or other device.

• Please confirm the printer paper is not jammed.

The printer paper does not come out.

•

The printer paper is used up. Please put in a new printer paper roll. (See P.11)

P.End is displayed and the equipment

is incapable of taking a measurement.

RS-232C connector (D sub 9-pin male)

• Please confirm that the printer paper is being advanced properly.

•

Please make sure that the Paper Release Lever is not in the “Up” position. (See P. 25)

• It is possible that the maximum weight capacity has been exceeded.

Please stop measuring.

---- is displayed.

•

Do not stand on or put things on the Weighting Platform before starting measurement.

Start measurement after confirming there is nothing on the Weighing Platform.

uuuu is displayed.

The power has turned off during measurement.

RS-232C cross cable

• It is possible that the number of print outs selected is 0 or the Weight

Scale Mode has been selected. Please select the Body Fat Measurement

Mode and select a number larger than 0 for the number of print outs.

Feed Key is not functioning.

D sub 9-pin female

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（2）.Output data format

a Transmission data

Measurement data will be output in the following format.

CAUTION ^{● Transmission data will be output after measurements regardless of the status of the}

personal computer or other device to which data will be transmitted must be put in a

reception-ready status before measurement.

● A comma (,) is used as a separator between data items.

persona l computer or other device a t the receiving end. For tha t rea son, the

● The terminators marking the end of data are CR (ASCII code: ODH) and LF (ASCII code: OAH).

● If the digits in the data do not reach the stipulated length for fixed length data, the data will be right-

justified for output, with a zero (0) (ASCII code: 30H) entered in any empty spaces.

（1）.Output data items

Output data (ASCII code)

Date

Time

kg m ode

lb m ode

Byte Langth

Comma

“dd/ mm/ yy” (date/ month/ year)

“hh:mm” (hour:minutes)

0: standard 2: athlete

“dd/ mm/ yy” (date/ month/ year)

“hh:mm” (hour:minutes)

0: standard 2: athlete

”d d ／m m ／y y ” ,”h h :m m ” , x , x , x x x x x , x x x . x ,

Body type

Gender

Height

1: male 2: female

Date

Time

Body type Gender

Height

Weight

xxxxx (cm )

xxx.x (kg)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (kg)

xxx.x (inch)

xxx.x (lb)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (lb)

xxx.x lb)

Weight

Comma

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Body water mass

Age

x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x , x x x . x , x x x x x ,

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Body water mass

Age

BMI

BMR

Comma

BMI

BMR

xxx.x

xxxxx (kJ)

xxx (Ω)

xxxxx (kJ)

xxx (Ω)

x x x ,

x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x ,

Impedance

Whole body

Right leg

Left leg

Right arm

Left arm

Body fat percentage Fat mass

Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass

Whole body impedance

xxx (Ω)

Right leg

x x x ,

Comma

Right leg

Left leg

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (kg)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (kg)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (kg)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (kg)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (kg)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (lb)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (lb)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (lb)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (lb)

xx.x (% )

xxx.x (lb)

Right leg impedance

x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x ,

Body fat percentage Fat mass

Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass

x x x ,

Left leg

Left leg impedance

Comma

x x x ,

Right arm

Left arm

Trunk

x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x ,

Right arm impedance

Body fat percentage Fat mass

Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass

Right arm

x x x ,

Comma

Left arm impedance

x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x ,

Body fat percentage Fat mass

Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass

Left arm

Comma

Data will not be output if the [

] key is used to switch to the body weight only mode.

C R LF

x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x , x x x . x

Calculations are made using 1kcal = 4.184kJ.

Terminator

Body fat percentage Fat mass

Fat free mass Predicted muscle mass

Trunk

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Output (Fat Monitor Mode) Format

a Control Commands

When in Remote mode, the body fat analyzer may be operated remotely by sending control commands from a host.

a Transmission Data

● The receiving PC must be rea dy to a ccept output da ta immedia tely a fter

CR LF

CAUTION

Output data

U? : Confirm current setting

U0: Use cm/kg mode

U1: Use in/lb mode

measurement is completed.

commands

Byte Length

CR LF

K: unit of weight kg

R? : Confirm current setting

commands

First byte

L: unit of weight lb

R0: Select equation for Westerners

R1: Select equation for Orientals

S: stability of load (weight output)

D: instability of load (weight output)

I : overload status

Header

Second byte

CR LF

D? : Confirm current setting

CR LF

D0 : Set clothing weight (5-byte fixed length)

D1 : Set gender male = 1 female = 2

D2 : Set body type standard = 0 athlete = 2

D3 : Set height (5-byte fixed length)

D4 : Set age (2-byte fixed length)

---: negative weight output

CR LF

Weight

Output data format

xxx.x

commands

Terminal data are CR (ASCII format: 0DH), LF (ASCII format: 0AH).

Measurement data will be sent in the format shown to the right:

CR LF

x x x x x . x

D6 : Set Target BF (2-byte fixed length)

Remote Mode

commands

CR LF

G1: Start measuring body fat

G2: Measure weight only

All types of data may be entered by connecting the BF-350 to a PC and switching to Remote mode.

a Switching to Remote Mode

1. When the unit is switched off, press the [

and [ ] keys simultaneously.

]

Special

CHR$(01FH)

CR LF

CHR$(01FH): Reset settings

P T

MALE

commands

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

FEMALE

The default setting is off.

Note

*All fixed-length data right aligned. Enter

for blanks.

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

2. Press [0], [8].

a Error Codes

P T

If an error occurs, the body composition analyzer will send an error code to the host.

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

CR LF

E00 : Attempted to start measuring without completing settings

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

E01 : Error in calculating body fat percentage

EXX :other error ’ body fat analyzer switches off

3. Switch Remote mode on and off by pressing [1]

or [0].

*See p.26 "7. Troubleshooting" for details of errors.

P T

[1] : Enables Remote mode

[0] : Disables Remote mode

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

FEMALE

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

4. Press [ ] to confirm.

Only "r S" will appear (standby screen).

P T

STABILIZED

cm / ft.in

MALE

To switch off Remote mode, start

from th e begin n in g again an d

select "OFF" at Step 3.

FEMALE

ƽNote

ATHLETIC

STEP ON

AGE

% FAT

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a Example of Use

Set body type

The body composition analyzer is used remotely as follows.

Ex: standard

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

Switch on body composition analyzer.

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

If commands accepted

If settings incorrect

Host ,

First, switch on the body composition analyzer.

Check that the unit is in Remote mode.

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Host ,

Also check that the unit is connected properly to the computer.

Set height

Ex: 179cm

Host .

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Choose the units of measurement.

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Ex: cm/kg

If commands accepted

If settings incorrect

Host ,

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Units of measurement cannot be set if tare weight and height have been set. The default setting is cm/kg.

Host ,

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

Set age

CR LF

If commands received

Host ,

. body composition analyzer

Ex: 34

If settings incorrect

. body composition analyzer

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

*If commands sent are unclear Host

commands returned

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

If commands accepted

If settings incorrect

Host ,

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Host ,

Select equation

Ex: equation for Westerners

Set target BF

The default setting is the equation for Westerners

Ex: 18%

83 CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

If commands accepted

If settings incorrect

Host ,

CR LF

If commands received

Host ,

. body composition analyzer

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Host ,

If settings incorrect

. body composition analyzer

Confirm settings

Set tare weight

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

The tare weight need not be set if not required. It will then be treated as 0.

Ex: 1kg tare weight

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

If commands accepted

Host ,

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

CR LF

If commands received

If settings incorrect

Host ,

. body composition analyzer

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Host ,

. body composition analyzer

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Set gender

If settings incorrect

Host ,if data settings incorrect .body composition analyzer

Ex: male

Host .

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

*Gender, body type, height and age must be entered.

CR LF

If commands accepted

If settings incorrect

Host ,

. body composition analyzer

*Once all the necessary items of data have been entered, the unit will determine on the basis of age and gender whether to switch to Athlete or Standard mode.

Hence even if you choose Athlete mode, the unit may switch to Standard mode.

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Host ,

*If starting in Weight Only mode, only tare weight needs to be set.

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a Resetting

Start measurement

Reset settings

CR LF

/body composition analyzer

Host .

CHR$(01FH)

CR LF

Host .

/ body composition analyzer

CHR$(01FH) CR LF

CR LF

If commands accepted

Host ,

. body composition analyzer

If commands accepted : Host ,

If settings incorrect : Host ,

. body composition analyzer

0 CR LF

If settings incorrect

. body composition analyzer

During measurement

Commands are not accepted while measuring is in progress. If an error occurs, the body composition analyzer will transmit an error code to the host.

Host , error code . body composition analyzer

Measurement finished

Readings will be outputted when measurement is finished.

If concluded normally

Host ,

” 2 1 / 0 9 / 0 2 ” , ” 1 9 : 2 9 ” , 0 , 1 , 0 0 1 7 9 ,

Date

Time

Body type

Gender

Height

0 7 3 . 3 , 1 3 . 1 , 0 0 9 . 6 , 0 6 3 . 7 , 0 4 6 . 6 ,

Weight

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Body water mass

3 4 , 0 2 3 . 9 , 0 7 2 9 4 , 5 5 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 4 , 2 9 2 ,

Age

BMI

BMR

Whole body impedance Right leg impedance

Left leg impedance

Right arm impedance

3 0 9 , 0 8 . 9 , 0 0 1 . 1 , 0 1 1 . 5 , 0 1 0 . 9 ,

Left arm impedance

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Right leg

1 0 . 1 , 0 0 1 . 2 , 0 1 1 . 0 , 0 1 0 . 4 ,

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Left leg

1 4 . 0 , 0 0 0 . 6 , 0 0 3 . 6 , 0 0 3 . 4 ,

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Right arm

1 5 . 4 , 0 0 0 . 6 , 0 0 3 . 5 , 0 0 3 . 3 ,

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Left arm

1 5 . 0 , 0 0 6 . 0 , 0 3 4 . 1 , 0 3 2 . 8

Body fat percentage

Fat mass

Fat free mass

Predicted muscle mass

Trunk

CR LF

. body composition analyzer

Terminator

If an error occurs

Host , error . body composition analyzer

After measurement has finished, all necessary items of data and tare weight are cleared, and the unit waits for further commands.

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Technical Notes

Reliability of body composition measurements with an 8-electrode BIA

a Reliability of body composition analysis via 8-electrode BIA

Introduction

In deriving the body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass for the whole body, the Body Composition

Analyzer uses data acquired by DXA* from both Japanese and Western subjects as well as a regression

formula derived through repeated regression analysis using height, weight, age, and impedance between

right hand and foot as variables. Measurements of body fat percentage, fat free mass, fat mass, and

predicted muscle mass for specific body parts also use a regression formula for each body part derived from

repeated regression analysis using height, weight, age, and impedance for individual body parts (right arm,

left arm, right leg, left leg, trunk) as variables, based on data acquired through DXA.

This device calculates body fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass, and predicted muscle mass on the basis of

data obtained by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA).

One of two settings must be selected when taking measurements:

1）Standard (for persons 7 ~ 99 years of age)

2）Athlete (sportsmen/ women who exercise considerably more than non-athletes)

Making a distinction by body type in the measurement mode produces more reliable body composition

measurements for athletes, whose body compositions differ from those of average persons.

A high degree of correlation has been found to exist between the figures for body fat percentage, fat mass,

and fat free mass for individual parts and for the entire body calculated with this predictive formula and the

figures obtained by DXA, and the results are thus highly reproducible.

a Principles of body composition measurement via 8-electrode BIA

Body composition measurements attained by the 8-electrode method are therefore extremely reliable.

BIA is a means of measuring body composition – fat mass, predicted muscle mass, etc. – by measuring

bioelectrical impedance in the body. Fat within the body allows almost no electricity to pass through, while

electricity passes rather easily through water, much of which is found in muscles. The degree of difficulty

with which electricity passes through a substance is known as the electrical resistance, and the percentage of

fat and other body constituents can be inferred from measurements of this resistance.

※）Measurement of body composition using DXA

DXA was originally designed to measure bone mineral content, but in the full-body scan mode the body

fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass of individual body parts (arms, legs, trunk) can also be

measured. The image below shows one example of body composition measurement results obtained by

DXA.

The Tanita Body Composition Analyzer measures body composition using a constant current source with a high frequency

current (50kHz, 500μA). The 8 electrodes are positioned so that electric current is supplied from the electrodes on the tips of

the toes of both feet and the fingertips of both hands, and voltage is measured on the heel of both feet and the thenar side of

both hands. The current flows into the upper limbs or lower limbs, depending on the body part(s) to be measured.

a Body impedance measurement methods

In the conventional 4-electrode method, current is supplied from the electrodes at the tips of the toes on both feet, with the voltage

measured on the heel. This current flows from one lower limb through the lower abdomen and then into the other lower limb, and the

bioelectrical impedance (hereinafter, “impedance,”) thus measured is the impedance between the two feet. In the newly developed 8-

electrode method, however, current is supplied from the tips of the toes of both feet and the fingertips of both hands, and the voltage is

measured on the heel of both feet and the thenar side of both hands. This method allows five different impedance measurements to be

made – whole body, right leg, left leg, right arm, and left arm – by switching the part of the body in which the current is flowing and

the location where the voltage is measured. When measuring impedance in the right leg, for instance, the current flows between the

right hand and foot, and the voltage between both feet is measured.

For reference, the impedance measurement methods for the respective body parts are shown in the diagram below.

Body composition measurement results obtained by DXA (Lunar Co., Ltd; DPX-L)

Current

Voltage

Whole body

Right leg

Left leg

Right arm

Left arm

Impedance measurement methods for the respective body parts

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Intra-day changes are thought to occur in unique cycles

arising from differences in the rhythm of individual daily

routines, occupations, and day-to-day activities.

Consequently, to obtain consistent measurement figures it is

recom m end ed that m easu rem ents be taken u nd er the

following conditions:

a Causes of errors in impedance measurements

Intra-day fluctuations (Weight)

1.5

1.0

BIA measures impedance and calculates body composition on the basis of this impedance. It is known,

however, that impedance can vary due to changes in the quantity and distribution of body water, which

accounts for approximately 60% of body weight, as well as changes in body temperature. Therefore, when

measurements are being taken for research purposes or on a daily basis, uniform measurement conditions

must be ensured.

After supper

Before bathing

Sleeping

0.5

After lunch

After breakfast

0.0

After bathing

Before supper

Rising

Before lunch

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

Before breakfast

1) Measuring three hours or more after waking up, with

normal day-to-day activities carried on during this time

(simply sitting or traveling by car will keep impedance

high)

Consideration should be given to two types of changes in impedance: inter-day changes and intra-day

fluctuation (cyclic changes within a single day). In the 8-electrode method, full body measurements use the

impedance between the arms and legs, while measurements for specific body parts use the impedance of

those particular body parts.

Time

2) Measu rin g th ree h ou rs or m ore after last eatin g

(impedance tends to fall for 2 to 3 hours after a meal)

3) Measuring twelve or more hours after vigorous exercise

(changes in impedance vary, depending on the type and

intensity of the exercise done)

Intra-day fluctuations (Impedance value)

The reasons for changes in impedance are different for the upper limbs and the lower limbs. Given that the

impedance of the trunk is extremely low (a mere 5-10% of the impedance between hands and feet), changes

involving the trunk can be almost wholly ignored when measuring the impedance between hands and feet,

and the changes for the upper and lower limbs are synthesized.

Rising

Before breakfast

Before supper

Before lunch

Before bathing

After

breakfast

4) Urinating before the measurement

Ω

Sleeping

When studying intra-day and inter-day changes with the 8-electrode method, it is thus necessary to

determine the respective changes for the upper and lower limbs.

5) Measuring as far as possible at the same time every day

in the case of repeated measurements (more dependable

m easu rem ents can be obtained if bod y w eight and

impedance are both measured at fixed times)

After

supper

After lunch

-20

-40

-60

After bathing

1) Intra-day fluctuations (cyclic activity within a single day)

Time

Peripheral impedance ordinarily rises during sleep and falls during activity. This is believed to occur

becau se extracellu lar flu id , typified by the blood , m oves to the tru nk d u ring sleep, red u cing the

extracellular fluid in peripheral areas and thus increasing impedance, and because the extracellular fluid

returns to peripheral areas during activity, causing a drop in impedance.

Between both hands

Between hand and foot

Between both legs

Complying with the conditions above should result in very

consistent measurements.

Intra-day fluctuations(　%FAT)

3.0

2.0

1.0

When developing this device, the following six conditions

were established in deriving the regression formula:

1) No alcohol less than 12 hours prior to measurement

2) No vigorous exercise less than 12 hours prior to measurement

3) No excess food and drink on the day before measurement

4) No food and drink less than 3 hours prior to measurement

5) Urination immediately before measurement

Intra-day activities during this cycle cause changes in body water volume and distribution due to the

consumption of food and drink as well as exercise.

Before breakfast

Rising

Before bathing

Sleeping

Before lunch

After supper

After

breakfast

The charts on page 33 illustrate one example of intra-day activities. The changes in weight, impedance, and

body fat percentage are shown on the respective vertical axes, while the measurement times are shown on

the horizontal axes (plotted points indicate the variation from the average change).

％ 0.0

-1.0

After

lunch

Before

supper

-2.0

After bathing

Increases in body weight occurred following the consumption of food or drink, and a sharp decrease was

seen between 20:00 and 22:00 because of a bath.

-3.0

6) No measurements during menstrual period (women)

Time

The impedance between the hands and feet, as mentioned earlier, synthesizes the changes in impedance of

the upper limbs and the lower limbs.

Between both hands

Between hand and foot

Between both legs

During the two or three hours of digestion and absorption that followed breakfast and lunch, a decrease occurred

in the impedance of both the upper and lower limbs, but the degree of change was larger in the lower limbs than

in the upper limbs. This is because the impedance of the upper limbs temporarily increased due to the impact of

specific dynamic action (SDA) from the meals but then turned downward as the body fluid mass increased. No

such increase or decrease in impedance due to SDA was seen, though, in the lower limbs. After supper, the lower

level of activity caused an increase due to lessened extracellular fluid in peripheral areas at the same time that

upper and lower limb impedance fell due to digestion and absorption; as a result no clear trend could be seen.

Among the particularly large changes that occurred were decreases in impedance while taking baths and

subsequent increases, increases and decreases attributable to exercise, and decreases after tasks such as

carrying heavy objects that require use of the upper limbs. In the course of a single day, the largest intra-day

change in the lower limbs was the decrease in impedance due to the flow of blood to the lower limbs (blood

congestion). No clear trend was noted in impedance in the upper limbs over the course of a single day, but

extremely large changes did occur as a result of certain activities in the daily routine.

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2) Inter-day changes

THE APPLICABILITY OF THE OVERSEAS BMR REGRESSION

The diagrams below offer examples of actual measurements made of inter-day changes. A study was done

to determine the degree of change in the impedance between the feet during dehydration; the first two days

represent a normal daily routine, while in the latter two days a state of dehydration was induced using a

sauna.

FORMULA AND ITS DIFFERENCES WITH THE OLD FORMULA

The New Regression Formula for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

It has long been said among medical and nutritional specialists that "The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is

more determined by the Fat Free Mass (FFM) than by the body weight" (Persons of a given body weight

with a higher FFM will have a higher BMR), and that from the aspect of evaluating the body composition,

should be estimated from the FFM. In addition, in cases of simple estimation formulae which can calculate

from the height, weight and age, without evaluating the body composition, there was a problem with

excessively high evaluations being given to obese persons with large body weight, and conversely

excessively small BMR evaluations given to muscular athletes, though these are not as many in number.

Currently, the BMR estim ation recursion form ula d eveloped by Tanita, the m anufacturer of bod y

composition analyzers, based on their research, works by multiple regressive analysis using this FFM, and

has a higher degree of accuracy in the individual differences in body composition. In order to derive the

BMR, resting respiratory metabolism (Resting Energy Expenditure: REE) was measured using a breath gas

analysis device, and this estimation recursion formula was created based on this data.

No significant inter-day change was measured in body

weight, impedance between the feet, or body fat percentage

during the normal daily routine. During the dehydrated

state, however, a drop in body weight of 1kg was noted,

with the impedance between the feet rising approximately

15Ω on the first day of dehydration and 30-35Ω on the

second day. As a result, body fat percentage was up by

around 1% on the first day of dehydration and by 1.5-2% on

the second day.

Intra-day fluctuations (Weight)

60.5

kg^59.5

58.5

10：00

12：00

14：00

16：00

18：00

Time

As mentioned earlier, impedance increases when body

weight is reduced (such as by dehydration), and decreases

w h en bod y w eigh t is in creased th rou gh excess

consumption of food and drink. The inter-day change in

impedance is thus inversely proportional to the change in

body weight.

＋5/ 13（Monday）

◆5/ 14（Tuesday） ▲5/ 15（Wednesday） ×5/ 16（Thursday）

Intra-day fluctuations (Impedance value)

<Figure 1> The Relationship Between Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) According

to Breath Gas Analysis and Weight, FFM

420

410

400

390

(Presented at Nutrition Week, Held in San Diego in 2002)

Ω ³⁸⁰

These inter-day changes stem from such causes as:

1) Temporary increases in body weight (total body water)

through overeating and overdrinking

FFM vs REE

W eight vs REE

370

360

350

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

2) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during vigorous

exercise

340

10：00

12：00

14：00

16：00

18：00

M ale

Time

M ale

＋5/ 13（Monday）

◆5/ 14（Tuesday） ▲5/ 15（Wednesday） ×5/ 16（Thursday）

3) Dehydration due to alcohol consumption or the use of

diuretics

Fem ale

Intra-day fluctuations (　%FAT)

4) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during saunas, etc.

Accord ingly, it is recom m end ed that instru ctions be

provided to the subject to help eliminate these causes when

accurate measurements are needed.

Fem ale

％

10：00

12：00

14：00

16：00

18：00

Time

110

130

＋5/ 13（Monday）

◆5/ 14（Tuesday） ▲5/ 15（Wednesday） ×5/ 16（Thursday）

FFM kg

W eght kg

Inter-d ay changes in bod y fat p ercentage and

im p ed ance m easu red by BIA betw een the feet

d u rin g n orm al d aily rou tin e an d d u rin g

dehydration

JP M ale

JP Fem ale

U S M ale

U S Fem ale

JP M ale

JP Fem ale

U S M ale

U S Fem ale

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Product specifications

BF-418MA

MDD : CLASS 2a

MDD : CLASS 3

AC adaptor (included) Center Minus MODEL SA25-0535U CLASS 2

Accuracy Grade

As shown in Figure 1: the REE (BMR) has a stronger relationship to the FFM than to body weight, and a

difference is visible between males and females in the distribution trends. We see that in principle that we

should calculate from the FFM rather than by the old formula centered on the relationship with weight.

Input Voltage: 100-240 VAC 50/ 60 Hz 550mA Output Voltage: 5 VDC ± 0.3 V

Power source

Rated Current: 3.5 A No Load Input Voltage: 5 VDC ± 0.3 V

<Fig: 2> Comparison of BMR Values from the TANITA Multiple regression model and Breath Analysis

17.5 W

Power Consumption

(Presented at Nutrition Week Held in San Diego in 2002)

8 polar Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Measurement System

50kHz

90µA

Measurement Frequency

Measurement Current

Electrode Material

3000

y = x + 9E – 11

Impedance

Measurement

Pressure Contact Stainless Steel Foot Pads, The Hand Grips are Metal-Plated to ABS Resin.

R²= 0.808

R = 0.900

Whole body, Right leg, Left leg, Right arm and Left arm

Measurement Style

150 ~ 1200Ω

12Ω

Strain Gauge Load Cell

Measurement Range

Accuracy at first calibration

Measurement System

2500

SEE = 131.4

p<0.0001

Weight

Measurement

Maximum

Capacity

Minimum

Graduation

200 kg / 0.1 kg

±0.2kg

2000

Accuracy at first calibration

Clothes Weight

Gender

0-200 kg / 9 st 13.8 lb / 440lb

0.1 kg increments

Male / Female

Standard / Athletic

7~99 years old / 1year increments

1500

1000

500

Body Type

Age

Height

Input Items

90 - 249 cm

0 - 200 kg

1 cm increments

4~55%

Target Body Fat %

Weight

Male / Female

Standard / Athletic

7 - 99 years old / 1 year increments

Gender

Display

Body Type

Age

90 - 249 cm

1 cm increments

Height

FAT%

Body Type

Gender

Age

Height

Weight

BMI

1 - 75% / 0.1% increments

Standard / Athletic

Male / Female

7 - 99 years old / 1 year increments

1000

TAN ITA BM R kcal / day

(from TAN ITA m ultiple regression analysis m odel)

JP M ale JP Fem ale U S M ale U S Fem ale

2000

3000

90 - 249 cm

2 - 200 kg

1 cm increments

0.1 kg increments

Output Items

0.1 increments

1 kJ increments / 1 kcal increments

BMR

150 ~ 1200 Ω / 1Ω increments

Impedance

1 - 75% / 0.1% increments

Print-out

FAT%

Fat Mass

FFM

0.1 kg increments

The current BMR retrogression formula is a formula which acts on the principle of using the FFM value

from the results of body composition measurement according to the BIA, A good relationship is shown in

the BMR value based on actual breath analysis REE or R=0.9 (p<0.0001). These results were presented at the

First Annual Nutrition Week (American College of Nutrition, American Society for Clinical Nutrition,

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, North American Association for the Study of

Obesity) held in 2002 in San Diego.

0.1 kg increments

TBW

Predicted Weight

Predicted fat mass

FAT TO LOSE/ GAIN

0.1 kg increments

Predicted muscle Mass

Desirable Range for FAT% and FM (Standard and 20-79 years old ONLY)

Others

3 Rows, 5 Digits LCD

RS-232C (D-sub 9 pins Female Connector)

Display

NOTE: This model has been calibrated for those between ages of 18-84.

Output Data Interface

Temperature Range of Usage

Relative Humidity

Those individuals outside of this age range may not be obtain accurate readings.

0ºC/ 35ºC

30% / 80% (without condensation)

12kg

Weight of Equipment

Weighing Platform

340 X 375 X 90mm

830mm

Size

Height

This item displays Whole Body, Right Leg, Left Leg, Right Arm and Left Arm.

This item displays Right Leg, Left Leg, Right Arm, Left Arm and Trunk.

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