SCIENTIFIC
SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
CALCULATOR
OPERATION GUIDE
OPERATION GUIDE
<V/R Series>
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
C O NTENTS
HOW TOOPERATE
Read Before Using
Key layout/Reset switch
2
Display pattern
Display format
Exponent display
Angular unit
3
3
4
5
Function and Key Operation
O N/O FF, entry correction keys
6
7
8
9
Data entry keys
Random key
Modify key
Basic arithmetic keys, parentheses
Percent
10
11
Inverse, square, xth power of y,
square root, cube root, xth root of y
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
10 to the power of x, common logarithm
e to the power of x, natural logarithm
Factorials
Permutations, combinations
Time calculation
Fractional calculations
~
Memory calculations
Last answer memory
Trigonometric functions
Arc trigonometric functions
Hyperbolic functions
C oordinate conversion
STATISTICS FUNCTION
25
26
28
Data input and erase
“ANS” keys for 1-variable statistics
“ANS” keys for 2-variable statistics
1
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
H ow to O pe ra te
≈Read B efore Using≈
This operation guide has been written based on the EL-531V, EL-509V, EL-531VH, and
EL-509VH models. Some functions described here are not featured on other models. In
addition, key operations and symbols on the display may differ according to the model.
1 . K E Y L AY O U T
2nd function key
Pressing this key will enable the functions
written in yellow above the calculator but-
tons.
ON/C, OFF key
D irect function
<Power on>
2nd function
<Power off>
W ritten in yellow above
the O N/C key
Mode key
This calculator can operate in three different
modes as follows.
<Example>
[Normal mode]
[STAT-1 mode]
[STAT-2 mode]
•Mode = 0; normal mode for
performingnormal arithmetic
and function calculations.
•Mode = 1; STAT- 1 mode for
performing1-variable statisti-
cal calculations.
•Mode = 2; STAT-2 mode for
performing2-variable statisti-
cal calculations.
RESET
2 . R E S E T S W I T C H
If the calculator fails to operate normally,
press the reset switch on the back to
reinitialise the unit.The display format and
calculation mode will return to their
initial settings.
Reset switch
RESET
N O T E :
Pressing the reset switch will erase any data
stored in memory.
2
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
3 . DI S P L AY PAT T E R N
The actual display does not appear like this.
This illustration is for explanatory purposes only.
4 . DI S P L AY F O R M AT A N D
DE C I M A L S E T T I N G F U N C T I O N
For convenient and easy operation, this model can be used in one of four display modes.
The selected display status is shown in the upper part of the display (Format Indicator).
Note: If more 0’s (zeros) than needed are displayed when the O N/C key is pressed, check
whether or not the calculator is set to a Special Display Format.
• Floating decimal point format (no symbol is displayed)
Valid values beyond the maximum range are displayed in the form of a [10-digit
(mantissa) + 2-digit (exponent)]
• Fixed decimal point format (FIX is displayed)
Displays the fractional part of the calculation result according to the specified
number of decimal places.
• Scientific notation (SC I is displayed)
Frequently used in science to handle extremely small or large numbers.
• Engineering scientific notation (ENG is displayed)
C onvenient for converting between different units.
<Example>
Let’s compare the display result of
[10000 ÷ 8.1 =] in each display format.
Initial display
DEG
(specifies normal mode)
DEG
10000
8.1
(normal mode)
FIX
DEG
(FIX mode TAB = 3)
3
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
SCI
DEG
X10
(SC I mode)
ENG DEG
X10
(ENG mode)
DEG
(normal mode)
5 . E X P O N E N T DI S P L AY
The distance from the earth to the sun is approx. 150,000,000 (1.5 x 108) km.Values
such as this with many zeros are often used in scientific calculations, but entering the
zeros one by one is a great deal of work and it’s easy to make mistakes.
In such a case, the numerical values are divided into mantissa and exponent portions,
displayed and calculated.
<Example>
W hat is the number of electronics flowing in a conductor when
the electrical charge across a given cross-section is 0.32 cou-
lombs. (The charge on a single electron = 1.6 x 10-19 coulombs).
DEG
0.32
1.6
DEG
19
X10
DEG
X10
4
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
6 . A N G U L A R U N I T
Angular values are converted from DEG to RAD to GRAD with each push of the DRG
key. This function is used when doing calculations related to trigonometric functions or
coordinate geometry conversions.
D egrees (D E G is shown at the top of the display)
A commonly used unit of measure for angles.The angular measure of a circle
is expressed as 360°.
R adians (R A D is shown at the top of the display)
Radians are different than degrees and express angles based on the circumfer-
ence of a circle. 180° is equivalent to radians.Therefore, the angular mea-
sure of a circle is 2 radians.
G rads (G R A D is shown at the top of the display)
Grads are a unit of angular measure used in Europe, particularly in France. An
angle of 90 degrees is equivalent to 100 grads.
The relationships between the three types
of angular units can be expressed as right:
2
90° (DEG) =
/2 (RAD) =
100 (GRAD) =
<Example>
C heck to confirm 90 degrees equaling /2 radians
equaling 100 grads. ( =3.14159...)
Angular indicator
O peration
D isplay
DEG
••••••••
(in DEG mode)
RAD
90
( /2)
GRAD
DEG
5
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
≈Function and K ey Operation≈
ON/OFF, Entry
Correction Keys
Turns the calculator on or clears the data. It also clears the contents of the
calculator display and voids any calculator command; however, coeffi-
cients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics, as well as values stored
in the independent memory in normal mode, are not erased.
Turns the calculator off.
C lears all internal values, including coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and
statistics.Values stored in memory in normal mode are not erased.
These arrow keys are useful for Multi-Line playback, which lets you
scroll through calculation steps one by one. (refer to page 8)
These keys are useful for editing equations.The
key moves the
cursor to the left, and the key moves the cursor to the right.The
key deletes the symbol/number at the cursor. (refer to page 8)
6
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Data Entry Keys
0 to 9 N umeric keys for entering data values.
Decimal point key. Enters a decimal point.
Enters minus symbol or sign change key.
C hanges positive numbers to negative and negative numbers to positive.
Pressing π automatically enters the value for π (3.14159...).
The constant π, used frequently in function calculations, is the ratio of the
circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Pressing this key switches to scientific notation data entry.
<Example>
Provided the earth is moving around the sun in a circular orbit,
how many kilometers will it travel in a year?
* The average distance between the earth and the sun being
1.496 x 108 km.
C ircumference equals diameter x π; therefore,
1.496 x 108 x 2 x π
O peration
D isplay
DEG
496
8
1
X10
DEG
2
7
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Random
Generates random numbers.
Random numbers are three-decimal-place values between 0.000 and 0.999. Using this
function enables the user to obtain unbiased sampling data derived from random
values generated by the calculator.
<Example>
0. * * *
(a random number has been generated)
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Building sample sets for statistics or research.
8
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Modify
Function to round calculation results.
Even after setting the number of decimal places on the display, the calculator per-
forms calculations using a larger number of decimal places than that which appears
on the display. By using this function, internal calculations will be performed using
only the displayed value.
FIX mode TAB = 1 (normal calculation)
<Example>
9
9
0.6 (internally, 0.5555...)
5
5.0
Rounded calculation (MDF)
(internally, 0.5555...)
5
9
9
0.6
(internally, 0.6)
5.4
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Frequently used in scientific and technical fields, as well as business,
when performing chained calculations.
9
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Basic Arithmetic
Keys, Parentheses
The four basic operators. Each is used in the same way as a standard
calculator:
+ (addition), – (subtraction), x (multiplication), and ÷ (division).
Finds the result in the same way as a standard calculator.
Used to specify calculations in which certain operations have precedence.
You can make addition and subtraction operations have precedence over
multiplication and division by enclosing them in parentheses.
10
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Percent
For calculating percentages. Four methods of calculating percentages
are presented as follows.
1) $125 increased by 10%…137.5
DEG
DEG
DEG
125
10
2) $125 reduced by 20%…100
125
20
3) 15% of $125…18.75
15
125
4) W hen $125 equals 5% of X , X equals…2500
DEG
125
5
11
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Inverse, Square, xth Power of y,
Square Root, Cube Root,
xth Root of y
C alculates the inverse of the value on the display.
Squares the value on the display.
C alculates exponential values.
C alculates the square root of the value on the display.
(The EL-506R/520R need to press 2ndF key first)
C alculates the cube root of the value on the display.
C alculates the xth root of y.
<Example>
O peration
D isplay
DEG
2
2
2
2
4
DEG
2
DEG
16
4
12
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
10 to the Power of x,
Common Logarithm
C alculates the value of 10 raised to the xth power.
C alculates logarithm, the exponent of the power to which 10 must be
raised to equal the given value.
<Example>
D isplay
O peration
DEG
3
DEG
1000
13
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
e to the Power of x,
Natural Logarithm
C alculates powers based on the constant e (2.718281828).
C omputes the value natural logarithm, the exponent of the power to
which e must be raised to equal the given value.
<Example>
O peration
D isplay
DEG
5
DEG
10
14
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Factorials
The product of a given positive integer n multiplied by all the lesser positive
integers from 1 to n-1 is indicated by n! and called the factorial of n.
<Example>
O peration
D isplay
DEG
7
c.f
n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x …xn
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Used in statistics and mathematics. In statistics, this function is used
in calculations involving combinations and permutations.
15
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Permutations, Combinations
This function finds the number of different possible orderings in selecting
r objects from a set of n objects. For example, there are six different
ways of ordering the letters ABC in groups of three letters—ABC , AC B,
BAC , BC A, C AB, and C BA.
The calculation equation is P3 = 3 x 2 x 1 = 6 (ways).
3
This function finds the number of ways of selecting r objects from a set of
n objects. For example, from the three letters ABC , there are three ways
we can extract groups of two different letters—AB, AC , and C B.
T he calculation equation is C 2.
3
<Example>
O peration
D isplay
DEG
6
6
4
DEG
4
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Used in statistics (probability calculations) and in simulation hypoth-
eses in fields such as medicine, pharmaceutics, and physics. Also,
can be used to determine the chances of winning in lotteries.
16
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Time Calculation
C onverts a sexagesimal value displayed in degrees, minutes, seconds to
decimal notation. Also, converts a decimal value to sexagesimal
notataion (degrees, minutes, seconds).
Inputs values in sexagesimal notation (degrees, minutes, seconds).
C onvert 24° 28’ 35” (24 degrees, 28 minutes, 35 sec-
onds) to decimal notation. T hen conver t 24.476° to
sexagesimal notation.
<Example>
O peration
D isplay
DEG
24
28
35
DEG
C onvert to decimal notation
DEG
Repeat last key operation to return to the previous display.
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Used in calculations of angles and angular velocity in physics, and
latitude and longitude in geography.
17
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Fractional Calculations
Inputs fractions and converts mutually between fractions and decimals.
C onverts between mixed numbers and improper fractions.
1
2
5
Add 3
and , and convert to decimal notation.
7
<Example>
O peration
D isplay
DEG
3
1
5
2
7
DEG
C onvert to decimal notation
Press once to return to the previous display
DEG
C onvert to an improper fraction
Press once to return to the previous display
DEG
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
T here is a wide variety of applications for this function because
fractions are such a basic part of mathematics. T his function is useful
for calculations involving electrical circuit resistance.
18
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Memory Calculations
~
Stores displayed values in memories A~D, X ,Y, M.
Recalls values stored inA~D, X ,Y, M.
Adds the displayed value to the value in the independent memory M.
Temporary memories
~
y
D ispla
O peration
<Example>
DEG
0
(Enter 0 for M)
DEG
DEG
DEG
M
25
27
M
7
3
M
19
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Last Answer Memory
Automatically recalls the last answer calculated by pressing
Solve for x first and then solve for y using x.
<Example>
x = 2 + 3 and y = 4 ÷ x
O peration
D isplay
DEG
M
2
3
DEG
M
4
20
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Trigonometric Functions
Trigonometric functions determine the ratio of three sides
of a right triangle. C ombination of three sides are sin, cos,
and tan.Their relations are;
a
c
b
θ
b
C alculates the sine of an angle.
C alculates the cosine of an angle.
C alculates the tangent of an angle.
sinθ
cosθ
tanθ
=
=
=
a
c
a
b
c
<Example>
The angle from a point 15 meters from
a building to the highest floor of the
building is 45°. How tall is the building?
[DEG mode]
O peration
D isplay
DEG
45
1
15
5
View point
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Trigonometric functions are useful in mathematics and various engineering
calculations.They are often used in astronomical observations, civil engi-
neering and in calculations involving electrical circuits, as well as in calcula-
tions for physics such as parabolic motion and wave motion.
21
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Arc Trigonometric Functions
Arc trigonometric functions, the inverse of trigonomet-
ric functions, are used to determine an angle from ratios
of a right triangle.The combinations of the three sides
a
c
b
-1
are sin , cos-1, and tan-1.Their relations are;
θ
b
a
θ = sin-1
(arc sine) Determines an angle based on the ratio
b/a of two sides of a right triangle.
c
a
θ = cos-1
(arc cosine) Determines an angle based on the ratio
c/a for two sides of a right triangle.
b
c
θ = tan-1
(arc tangent) Determines an angle based on the
ratio a/b for two sides of a right triangle.
<Example>
At what angle should an airplane climb in order
to climb 80 meters in 100 meters?
[DEG mode]
O peration
D isplay
DEG
80
100
22
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Hyperbolic Functions
-1
For the EL-506R, select sinh, sin-1, cosh, cosh-1, tanh, tanh from the MATH key
The hyperbolic function is defined by using natural exponents in trigo-
nometric functions.
Arc hyperbolic functions are defined by using natural logarithms in trigono-
metric functions.
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Hyperbolic and arc hyperbolic functions are very useful in electrical
engineering and physics.
23
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Coordinate Conversion
←
←
For the EL-506R, select r, θ and x, y from the MATH key
C onverts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates (x,y ← r, θ)
←
C onverts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates (r, θ x, y)
Splits data used for dual-variable data input.
←
←
Displays r, θ and x, y. (Cx ← y or r ← θ)
y
y
Polar coordinates
Rectangular coordinates
P (r,
θ)
P (x,y)
y
r
θ
x
x
o
o
x
<Example> Determine the polar coordinates (r, θ) when the rectangu-
lar coordinates of Point P are (x = 7, y = 3).
[ D E G mode]
O peration
D isplay
DEG
DEG
DEG
7
3
23.2
7.6
DEG
O peration example using the EL-531VH/
EL-509V
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
C oordinate conversion is often used in mathematics and engineering, espe-
cially for impedance calculations in electronics and electrical engineering.
24
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Statistics Function
The statistics function is excellent for analyzing qualities of an event.Though primarily
used for engineering and mathematics, the function is also applied to nearly all other
fields including economics and medicine.
DAT A I N P U T A N D E R A S E
Enters data for statistical calculations.
C lears last data input.
Splits data used for dual-variable data input.
(Used for dual-variable statistical calculations.)
<Example 1>
Here is a table of examination results. Input this data
for analysis (along with data correction).
D ata table 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
N o.
Score
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
12 10
N o. of pupils
2
4
5
7
8
2
[Select single-variable statistics mode]
O peration
D isplay
DEG
STAT
1
Select single-variable statistics mode
DEG
STAT
2
30
.
.
.
DEG
STAT
100
5
In this case, the last data entry has been
incorrectly input for the number of pupils.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
DEG
STAT
(final data cleared)
DEG
STAT
2
100
Data total
up to this
point
Number of pupils
Score
(correct data input)
25
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
“ A N S ” K E Y S F O R 1 -V A R I A B L E S T AT I S T I C S
C alculates the average for input data (sample data x).
C alculates the standard deviation of samples from input data (sample data x).
C alculates the standard deviation for a population from input data
(sample data x).
Displays the number of input data (sample data x).
C alculates the total for input data (sample data x).
C alculates the total to the second power for input data (sample data x).
N OT E :
1. Sample data refers to data selected randomly from the population.
2. Standard deviation of samples is determined by the sample data
shift from an average value.
3. Standard deviation for the population is standard deviation when
the sample data is deemed a population (full data).
<Let’s check the results based on the previous data.>
69 (average value)
17.75686128 (standard deviation)
17.57839583 (standard deviation of the population)
50 (total count of data)
3450 (total)
A PPL IC AT IO N S:
Single-variable statistical calculations are used in a broad range of fields,
including engineering, business and economics.They are most often
applied to analysis in atmospheric observations and physics experiments,
as well as for quality control in factories.
26
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
<Example 2>
The table below summarizes the dates inApril when cherry
blossoms bloom, and the average temperature for March in
that same area. Determine basic statistical quantities for
data X and dataY based on the data table.
<D ata table 2>
Year
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
x
y
Average temperature 6.2 7.0 6.8 8.7 7.9 6.5 6.1 8.2
D ate blossoms bloom 13 11 12 15
9
5
7
7
DEG
STAT
2
Select dual-variable statistics mode
DEG
STAT
3
1
6
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
DEG
STAT
6
8
1
15
DEG
STAT
2
7
Date
Temperature
Data total up to
this point
27
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
“ A N S ” K E Y S F O R 2 -V A R I A B L E S T AT I S T I C S
In addition to the 1-variable statistic keys, the following keys have been added for calcu-
lating 2-variable statistics.
C alculates the sum of the product for sample data X and sample dataY.
C alculates the sum of the data (sample dataY).
C alculates the sum of the data (sample dataY) raised to the second power.
C alculates the average value of the data (sample dataY).
C alculates the standard deviation of a data population (sample dataY).
C alculates the standard deviation for the data (sample dataY).
N OT E :
The codes for basic statistical quantities of sample data X and their meanings
are the same as those for single-variable statistical calculations.
<Let’s check the results based on the previous data.>
7.175
(Average for data X )
0.973579551 (Standard deviation for data X )
0.91070028
(Standard deviation of the population for data X )
(Average for dataY)
9.875
3.440826313 (Standard deviation for dataY)
3.218598297 (Standard deviation of the population for dataY)
8
(Total count of data)
57.4
418.48
544.1
79
(Sum of data X )
(Data X raised to the second power)
(Sum of the product of data X and dataY)
(Sum of dataY)
863
(DataY raised to the second power)
28
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
©SHARP CORP. (MAR. '05)
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
|