Networking & Communication
Broadband VPN Router
VRT-401
User’s Manual
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................1
VRT-401 Features..................................................................................................1
Package Contents .................................................................................................3
Physical Details.....................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION........................................................................................6
Requirements ........................................................................................................6
Procedure...............................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 3 SETUP ......................................................................................................8
Overview ................................................................................................................8
Configuration Program.........................................................................................9
Config Wizard......................................................................................................11
LAN Screen ..........................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 4 PC CONFIGURATION............................................................................16
Overview ..............................................................................................................16
Windows Clients .................................................................................................16
Macintosh Clients ...............................................................................................28
Linux Clients........................................................................................................28
Other Unix Systems ............................................................................................28
CHAPTER 5 OPERATION AND STATUS...................................................................29
Operation .............................................................................................................29
Status Screen ......................................................................................................29
Connection Status - PPPoE ...............................................................................31
Connection Status - PPTP..................................................................................34
Connection Status - Telstra Big Pond...............................................................35
Connection Details - SingTel RAS.....................................................................36
Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address .............................................38
CHAPTER 6 INTERNET FEATURES..........................................................................40
Overview ..............................................................................................................40
Advanced Internet Screen..................................................................................40
Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Server)...............................................................45
Virtual Servers.....................................................................................................47
Options.................................................................................................................49
CHAPTER 7 SECURITY CONFIGURATION ..............................................................51
Overview ..............................................................................................................51
Admin Login ........................................................................................................51
Access Control....................................................................................................53
Firewall Rules ......................................................................................................58
Logs......................................................................................................................62
Security Options..................................................................................................65
Scheduling...........................................................................................................67
Services................................................................................................................68
CHAPTER 8 VPN.........................................................................................................70
Overview ..............................................................................................................70
Common VPN Situations....................................................................................72
VPN Configuration ..............................................................................................74
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Examples..............................................................................................................83
Using Certificates..............................................................................................101
CHAPTER 9 OTHER FEATURES AND SETTINGS .................................................106
Overview ............................................................................................................106
PC Database ......................................................................................................107
Remote Administration.....................................................................................111
Routing...............................................................................................................112
Firmware Upgrade.............................................................................................116
UPNP ..................................................................................................................117
APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING........................................................................118
Overview ............................................................................................................118
General Problems..............................................................................................118
Internet Access..................................................................................................118
APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS...............................................................................120
VRT-401..............................................................................................................120
FCC Statement...................................................................................................120
CE Marking Warning.........................................................................................121
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Chapter 1
Introduction
This Chapter provides an overview of VRT-401's features and capabili-
ties.
Congratulations on the purchase of your new VRT-401. VRT-401 is a multi-function
device providing the following services:
·
·
Shared Broadband Internet Access for all LAN users.
4-Port Switching Hub for 10BaseT or 100BaseT connections.
Figure 1: VRT-401
VRT-401 Features
VRT-401 incorporates many advanced features, carefully designed to provide sophisti-
cated functions while being easy to use.
Internet Access Features
·
·
·
·
Shared Internet Access. All users on LAN side can access the Internet
through VRT-401, using only a single external IP Address. The local (invalid) IP
Addresses are hidden from external sources. This process is called NAT (Network
Address Translation).
DSL & Cable Modem Support. VRT-401 has a 10/100BaseT Ethernet port
for connecting a DSL or Cable Modem. All popular DSL and Cable Modems are
supported. Furthermore, SingTel RAS and Big Pond (Australia) login are sup-
ported as well.
PPPoE, PPTP, SingTel RAS and Telstra Big Pond Support. The Internet
(WAN port) connection supports PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), PPTP (Peer-to-Peer
Tunneling Protocol), SingTel RAS and Telstra Big Pond (Australia), as well as "Di-
rect Connection" type services.
Fixed or Dynamic IP Address. On the Internet (WAN port) connection, VRT-
401 supports both Dynamic IP Address (IP Address is allocated on connection)
and Fixed IP Address.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Advanced Internet Functions
·
Communication Applications. Support for Internet communication applica-
tions, such as interactive Games, Telephony, and Conferencing applications,
which are often difficult to use when behind a Firewall, is included.
·
Special Internet Applications. Applications which use non-standard connec-
tions or port numbers are normally blocked by the Firewall. The ability to define
and allow such applications is provided, to enable such applications to be used
normally.
·
·
Virtual Servers. This feature allows Internet users to access Internet servers on
your LAN. The required setup is quick and easy.
DMZ. One (1) PC on your local LAN can be configured to allow unrestricted 2-
way communication with Servers or individual users on the Internet. This provides
the ability to run programs which are incompatible with Firewalls.
·
URL Filter. Use the URL Filter to block access to undesirable Web sites by LAN
users.
·
·
Internet Access Log. See which Internet connections have been made.
VPN Pass through Support. PCs with VPN (Virtual Private Networking)
software using PPTP, L2TP and IPSec are transparently supported - no configura-
tion is required.
LAN Features
·
4-Port Switching Hub. VRT-401 incorporates a 4-port 10/100BaseT switch,
making it easy to create or extend your LAN.
·
DHCP Server Support. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol provides a
dynamic IP address to PCs and other devices upon request. VRT-401 can act as a
DHCP Server for devices on your local LAN and WLAN.
·
·
Multi Segment LAN Support. LANs containing one or more segments are
supported, via VRT-401’s RIP (Routing Information Protocol) support and built-in
static routing table.
DMZ Port. Used when allowing Servers on your LAN to be accessed from the
Internet, the DMZ port provides additional protection for both your Servers and
your LAN.
Configuration & Management
·
Easy Setup. Use your WEB browser from anywhere on the LAN or WLAN for
configuration.
·
Remote Management. VRT-401 can be managed from any PC on your LAN.
And, if the Internet connection exists, it can also (optionally) be configured via the
Internet.
·
UPnP Support. UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic discovery and
configuration of VRT-401. UPnP is by supported by Windows ME, XP, or later.
Security Features
·
Password - protected Configuration. Optional password protection is
provided to prevent unauthorized users from modifying the configuration data and
settings.
·
NAT Protection. An intrinsic side effect of NAT (Network Address Translation)
technology is that by allowing all LAN users to share a single IP address, the loca-
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Introduction
tion and even the existence of each PC is hidden. From the external viewpoint,
there is no network, only a single device - VRT-401.
·
·
Stateful Inspection Firewall. All incoming data packets are monitored and all
incoming server requests are filtered, thus protecting your network from malicious
attacks from external sources.
Protection against DoS attacks. DoS (Denial of Service) attacks can flood
your Internet connection with invalid packets and connection requests, using so
much bandwidth and so many resources that Internet access becomes unavailable.
VRT-401 incorporates protection against DoS attacks to secure your network.
·
Rule-based Policy Firewall. To provide additional protection against mali-
cious packets, you can define your own firewall rules. This can also be used to
control the Internet services available to LAN users.
VPN Features
·
·
·
IPSec.. Support for IPSec standards, including IKE and certificates.
100 Tunnels. Up to 100 VPN tunnels can be created.
High performance. High performance encryption engine maintains high
throughput even when using 3DES.
Package Contents
The following items should be included:
·
·
·
·
VRT-401 Unit
Power Adapter
Quick Installation Guide
CD-ROM containing the on-line manual.
If any of the above items are damaged or missing, please contact our local dealer
immediately.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Physical Details
Front-mounted LEDs
Figure 2: Front Panel
On - Power on.
Off - No power.
Power
Status (Red) On - Error condition.
Off - Normal operation.
Blinking - This LED blinks during start up.
For each port, there are 2 LEDs
LAN
·
LNK/ACT
·
·
·
On - Corresponding LAN port is active.
Off - No active connection on the corresponding LAN port.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the cor-
responding LAN port.
·
100
·
·
On - Corresponding LAN port is using 100BaseT.
Off - Corresponding LAN port connection is using 10BaseT,
or no active connection.
WAN
On - Connection to the modem attached to the WAN (Internet) port
is established.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the WAN port.
On - PPPoE connection established.
PPPoE
DMZ
Off - No PPPoE connection.
·
LNK/ACT
·
Blinking – receiving/ transmitting data
·
100
·
·
On - Link at 100Mbps
Off - Link at 10Mbps
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Introduction
Rear Panel
Figure 3: Rear Panel
Use a standard LAN cable to connect a normal port on the
other hub.
DMZ
This button has two (2) functions:
Reset Button
·
Reboot. When pressed and released, VRT-401 will reboot
(restart).
·
Clear All Data. This button can also be used to clear ALL
data and restore ALL settings to the factory default values.
To Clear All Data and restore the factory default values:
1. Power Off.
2. Hold the Reset Button down while you Power On.
3. Keep holding the Reset Button for a few seconds, until the
RED LED has flashed TWICE.
4. Release the Reset Button. VRT-401 is now using the
factory default values.
Connect the DSL or Cable Modem here. If your modem came
with a cable, use the supplied cable. Otherwise, use a standard
LAN cable.
WAN port
(10/100BaseT)
Use standard LAN cables (RJ45 connectors) to connect your
PCs to these ports.
10/100BaseT
LAN connec-
tions
Note:
Any LAN port on VRT-401 will automatically function as an
"Uplink" port when required. Just connect any port to a normal
port on the other hub, using a standard LAN cable.
Connect the supplied power adapter here.
Power port
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Chapter 2
Installation
This Chapter covers the physical installation of VRT-401.
Requirements
·
Network cables. Use standard 10/100BaseT network (UTP) cables with RJ45
connectors.
·
·
TCP/IP protocol must be installed on all PCs.
For Internet Access, an Internet Access account with an ISP, and either of a DSL
or Cable modem (for WAN port usage)
Procedure
Figure 4: Installation Diagram
1. Choose an Installation Site
Select a suitable place on the network to install VRT-401.
Ensure VRT-401 and the DSL/Cable modem are powered OFF.
2. Connect LAN Cables
·
Use standard LAN cables to connect PCs to the Switching Hub ports on VRT-401.
Both 10BaseT and 100BaseT connections can be used simultaneously.
·
If required, you can connect any LAN port to another Hub. Any LAN port on VRT-
401 will automatically function as an "Uplink" port when required. Just connect any
LAN port to a normal port on the other hub, using a standard LAN cable.
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Installation
·
If desired, connect the DMZ port to a standard port on a Hub. PCs connected to
this hub will also gain Internet access, but will NOT be able to access the rest of
the LAN.
3. Connect WAN Cable
Connect the DSL or Cable modem to the WAN port on VRT-401. Use the cable
supplied with your DSL/Cable modem. If no cable was supplied, use a standard
cable.
4. Power Up
·
·
Power on the Cable or DSL modem.
Connect the supplied power adapter to VRT-401 and power up.
Use only the power adapter provided. Using a different one may cause hardware
damage
5. Check the LEDs
·
·
·
The Power LED should be ON.
The Status LED should flash, then turn Off. If it stays on, there is a hardware error.
For each LAN (PC) connection, the LAN Link/Act LED should be ON (provided the
PC is also ON.)
·
The WAN LED should be ON.
For more information, refer to Front-mounted LEDs in Chapter 1.
Using the DMZ Port
Please note the following points regarding the DMZ port.
·
·
The DMZ port is a normal port, not an "uplink" port.
PCs connected to the DMZ port are on the same LAN segment as PCs connected
to the Hub ports. They must use the same IP address range.
·
·
PCs connected to the DMZ port are NOT visible to PCs on the hub (LAN) ports. So
you cannot use Microsoft networking or other networking protocols to connect to
PCs on the DMZ.
PCs connected to the DMZ port still share the WAN port IP address for Internet
access.
Advantages of the DMZ Port
If running any Servers on your LAN, you should connect them to the DMZ port, for the
following reasons:
·
Traffic passing between the DMZ and LAN passes through the firewall. The fire-
wall will protect your LAN if your Server is compromised and used to launch an
attack on your LAN.
·
When using the Virtual Servers feature, (see Virtual Servers in Chapter 6) a fire-
wall rule to allow incoming traffic from the Internet (WAN) to the DMZ is
automatically created. If the Server is connected to the LAN (hub) ports, you must
add the firewall rule manually.
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Chapter 3
Setup
This Chapter provides Setup details of VRT-401.
Overview
This chapter describes the setup procedure for:
·
·
Internet Access
LAN configuration
PCs on your local LAN may also require configuration. For details, see Chapter 4 - PC
Configuration.
Other configuration may also be required, depending on which features and functions
of VRT-401 you wish to use. Use the table below to locate detailed instructions for the
required functions.
To Do this:
Refer to:
Configure PCs on your LAN.
Chapter 4:
PC Configuration
Check VRT-401 operation and Status.
Chapter 5:
Operation and Status
Use any of the following Internet features:
Chapter 6:
Internet Features
·
·
·
·
·
Advanced Setup (Applications, DMZ)
Dynamic DNS
Virtual Servers
MAC Address
Options (Backup DNS, MTU)
Change any of the following Security-related settings: Chapter 7:
Security Configuration
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Admin Login
Access Control
Firewall Rules
Logs
Security Options (TFTP, Firewall)
Scheduling (used by Access Control)
Services
Describe the VPN capabilities and configuration
required for common situations.
Chapter 8:
VPN
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Setup
Configure or use any of the following:
Chapter 9:
Other Features and Set-
tings
·
·
·
·
·
PC Database
Remote Admin
Routing (RIP and static Routing)
Upgrade firmware
Enable/Disable UPnP Support
Where use of a certain feature requires that
PCs or other LAN devices be configured, this
is also explained in the relevant chapter.
Configuration Program
VRT-401 contains an HTTP server. This enables you to connect to it, and configure it,
using your Web Browser. Your Browser must support JavaScript. The configuration
program has been tested on the following browsers:
·
·
Netscape V4.08 or later
Internet Explorer V4 or later
Preparation
Before attempting to configure VRT-401, please ensure that:
·
Your PC can establish a physical connection to VRT-401. The PC and VRT-401
must be directly connected (using the switch ports on VRT-401) or on the same
LAN segment.
·
·
VRT-401 must be installed and powered ON.
If VRT-401’s default IP Address (192.168.0.1) is already used by another device,
the other device must be turned OFF until VRT-401 is allocated a new IP Address
during configuration.
Using UPnP
If your Windows system supports UPnP, an icon for VRT-401 will appear in the system
tray, notifying you that a new network device has been found, and offering to create a
new desktop shortcut to the newly-discovered device.
·
·
·
Unless you intend to change the IP Address of VRT-401, you can accept the
desktop shortcut.
Whether you accept the desktop shortcut or not, you can always find UPnP de-
vices in My Network Places (previously called Network Neighborhood).
Double - click the icon for VRT-401 (either on the Desktop, or in My Network
Places) to start the configuration. Refer to the following section Config Wizard for
details of the initial configuration process.
Using your Web Browser
To establish a connection from your PC to VRT-401:
1. After installing VRT-401 in your LAN, start your PC. If your PC is already running,
restart it.
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VRT-401 User Manual
2. Start your WEB browser.
3. In the Address box, enter "HTTP://" and the IP Address of VRT-401, as in this
example, which uses VRT-401’s default IP Address:
If you can't connect
If VRT-401 does not respond, check the following:
·
VRT-401 is properly installed, LAN connection is OK, and it is powered
ON. You can test the connection by using the "Ping" command:
·
·
Open the MS-DOS window or command prompt window.
Enter the command:
ping 192.168.0.1
If no response is received, either the connection is not working, or
your PC's IP address is not compatible with VRT-401’s IP Address.
(See next item.)
·
·
If your PC is using a fixed IP Address, its IP Address must be within the
range 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254 to be compatible with VRT-401's
default IP Address of 192.168.0.1. Also, the Network Mask must be set
to 255.255.255.0. See Chapter 4 - PC Configuration for details on
checking your PC's TCP/IP settings.
Ensure that your PC and VRT-401 are on the same network segment.
(If you don't have a router, this must be the case.)
4. You will be prompted for a username and password, as shown below.
Figure 5: Password Dialog
·
·
Enter admin for the User Name, and leave the Password blank.
Both the name and password can (and should) be changed, using the Admin
Login screen.
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Setup
Config Wizard
The first time you connect to VRT-401, the Config Wizard will run automatically. (The
Setup Wizard will also run if VRT-401’s default settings are restored.)
1. Step through the Wizard until finished.
·
You need to know the type of Internet connection service used by your ISP.
Check the data supplied by your ISP.
·
The common connection types are explained in the tables below.
2. On the final screen of the Wizard, run the test and check that an Internet connec-
tion can be established.
3. If the connection test fails:
·
·
·
Check your data, the Cable/DSL modem, and all connections.
Check that you have entered all data correctly.
If using a Cable modem, your ISP may have recorded the MAC (physical) ad-
dress of your PC. Run the Wizard, and on the Cable Modem screen, use the
"Clone MAC address" button to copy the MAC address from your PC to VRT-
401.
Common Connection Types
Cable Modems
Type
Details
ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Your IP Address is allo-
cated automatically, when
you connect to you ISP.
Usually, none.
However, some ISP's may
require you to use a particu-
lar Hostname, Domain name,
or MAC (physical) address.
Static (Fixed) Your ISP allocates a per-
IP Address allocated to you,
mask and gateway (if pro-
vided), and DNS address.
IP Address
manent IP Address to you.
Some ISP's may also require
you to use a particular Host-
name, Domain name, or
MAC (physical) address.
DSL Modems
Type
Details
ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Your IP Address is allo-
cated automatically, when
you connect to you ISP.
None.
Static (Fixed) Your ISP allocates a per-
IP Address allocated to you,
mask and gateway (if pro-
vided), and DNS address.
IP Address
manent IP Address to you.
PPPoE
You connect to the ISP only User name and password.
when required. The IP
address is usually allocated
automatically.
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VRT-401 User Manual
PPTP
Mainly used in Europe.
·
·
PPTP Server IP Address.
User name and pass-
word.
You connect to the ISP only
when required. The IP
address is usually allocated
automatically, but may be
Static (Fixed).
·
IP Address allocated to
you, if Static (Fixed).
Other Modems (e.g. Broadband Wireless)
Type
Details
ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Your IP Address is allo-
cated automatically, when
you connect to you ISP.
Usually, none.
However, some ISP's may
require you to use a particu-
lar Hostname, Domain name,
or MAC (physical) address.
Static (Fixed) Your ISP allocates a per-
IP Address manent IP Address to you.
IP Address allocated to you,
mask and gateway (if pro-
vided), and DNS address.
Big Pond Cable (Australia)
For this connection method, the following data is required:
·
·
·
User Name
Password
Big Pond Server IP address
SingTel RAS
For this connection method, the following data is required:
·
·
·
User Name
Password
RAS Plan
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Setup
Home Screen
After finishing or exiting the Setup Wizard, you will see the Home screen. When you
connect in future, you will see this screen when you connect. An example screen is
shown below.
Figure 6: Home Screen
Navigation & Data Input
·
Use the menu bar on the top of the screen, and the "Back" button on your Browser,
for navigation.
·
Changing to another screen without clicking "Save" does NOT save any changes
you may have made. You must "Save" before changing screens or your data will
be ignored.
On each screen, clicking the "Help" button will
display help for that screen.
From any help screen, you can access the list of all
help files (help index).
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VRT-401 User Manual
LAN Screen
Use the LAN link on the main menu to reach the LAN screen An example screen is
shown below.
Figure 7: LAN Screen
Data - LAN Screen
TCP/IP
IP address for VRT-401, as seen from the local LAN. Use the
default value unless the address is already in use or your LAN is
using a different IP address range. In the latter case, enter an
unused IP Address from within the range used by your LAN.
IP Address
The default value 255.255.255.0 is standard for small (class "C")
networks. For other networks, use the Subnet Mask for the LAN
segment to which VRT-401 is attached (the same value as the
PCs on that LAN segment).
Subnet Mask
DHCP Server
·
If Enabled, VRT-401 will allocate IP Addresses to PCs
(DHCP clients) on your LAN when they start up. The default
(and recommended) value is Enabled.
·
If you are already using a DHCP Server, this setting must be
Disabled, and the existing DHCP server must be re-
configured to treat VRT-401 as the default Gateway. See the
following section for further details.
·
The Start IP Address and Finish IP Address fields set the
values used by the DHCP server when allocating IP Ad-
dresses to DHCP clients. This range also determines the
number of DHCP clients supported.
See the following section for further details on using DHCP.
Buttons
Save
Save the data on screen.
The "Cancel" button will discard any data you have entered and
reload the file from VRT-401.
Cancel
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Setup
DHCP
What DHCP Does
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server allocates a valid IP address to
a DHCP Client (PC or device) upon request.
·
·
The client request is made when the client device starts up (boots).
The DHCP Server provides the Gateway and DNS addresses to the client, as well
as allocating an IP Address.
·
·
VRT-401 can act as a DHCP server.
Windows 95/98/ME and other non-Server versions of Windows will act as a DHCP
client. This is the default Windows setting for the TCP/IP network protocol. How-
ever, Windows uses the term Obtain an IP Address automatically instead of
"DHCP Client".
·
You must NOT have two (2) or more DHCP Servers on the same LAN segment. (If
your LAN does not have other Routers, this means there must only be one (1)
DHCP Server on your LAN.)
Using VRT-401’s DHCP Server
This is the default setting. The DHCP Server settings are on the LAN screen. On this
screen, you can:
·
·
Enable or Disable VRT-401’s DHCP Server function.
Set the range of IP Addresses allocated to PCs by the DHCP Server function.
You can assign Fixed IP Addresses to some devices
while using DHCP, provided that the Fixed IP Addresses
are NOT within the range used by the DHCP Server.
Using another DHCP Server
You can only use one (1) DHCP Server per LAN segment. If you wish to use another
DHCP Server, rather than VRT-401’s, the following procedure is required.
1. Disable the DHCP Server feature in VRT-401. This setting is on the LAN screen.
2. Configure the DHCP Server to provide VRT-401’s IP Address as the Default
Gateway.
To Configure your PCs to use DHCP
This is the default setting for TCP/IP under Windows 95/98/ME.
See Chapter 4 - Client Configuration for the procedure to check these settings.
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Chapter 4
PC Configuration
This Chapter details the PC Configuration required on the local ("Inter-
nal") LAN.
Overview
For each PC, the following may need to be configured:
·
·
TCP/IP network settings
Internet Access configuration
Windows Clients
This section describes how to configure Windows clients for Internet access via VRT-
401.
The first step is to check the PC's TCP/IP settings.
VRT-401 uses the TCP/IP network protocol for all functions, so it is essential that the
TCP/IP protocol be installed and configured on each PC.
TCP/IP Settings - Overview
If using default VRT-401 settings, and the default Windows TCP/IP set-
tings, no changes need to be made.
·
·
By default, VRT-401 will act as a DHCP Server, automatically providing a suitable
IP Address (and related information) to each PC when the PC boots.
For all non-Server versions of Windows, the default TCP/IP setting is to act as a
DHCP client.
If using a Fixed (specified) IP address, the following changes are re-
quired:
·
·
The Gateway must be set to the IP address of VRT-401
The DNS should be set to the address provided by your ISP.
If your LAN has a Router, the LAN Administrator must re-
configure the Router itself. Refer to Chapter 8 - Other
Features and Operations for details.
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows 9x/ME:
1. Select Control Panel - Network. You should see a screen like the following:
Figure 8: Network Configuration
2. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
3. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
Figure 9: IP Address (Win 95)
Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct, as follows:
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the
default Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-401 will act as
a DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-401.
Using "Specify an IP Address"
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making
the following changes:
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VRT-401 User Manual
·
On the Gateway tab, enter VRT-401’s IP address in the New Gateway field and
click Add, as shown below. Your LAN administrator can advise you of the IP Ad-
dress they assigned to VRT-401.
Figure 10: Gateway Tab (Win 95/98)
·
On the DNS Configuration tab, ensure Enable DNS is selected. If the DNS Server
Search Order list is empty, enter the DNS address provided by your ISP in the
fields beside the Add button, then click Add.
Figure 11: DNS Tab (Win 95/98)
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows NT4.0
1. Select Control Panel - Network, and, on the Protocols tab, select the TCP/IP
protocol, as shown below.
Figure 12: Windows NT4.0 - TCP/IP
2. Click the Properties button to see a screen like the one below.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Figure 13: Windows NT4.0 - IP Address
3. Select the network card for your LAN.
4. Select the appropriate radio button - Obtain an IP address from a DHCP Server or
Specify an IP Address, as explained below.
Obtain an IP address from a DHCP Server
This is the default Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-
401 will act as a DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-401.
Specify an IP Address
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making
the following changes.
1. The Default Gateway must be set to the IP address of VRT-401. To set this:
·
·
Click the Advanced button on the screen above.
On the following screen, click the Add button in the Gateways panel, and enter
VRT-401’s IP address, as shown in Figure 14 below.
·
If necessary, use the Up button to make VRT-401 the first entry in the Gate-
ways list.
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PC Configuration
Figure 14 - Windows NT4.0 - Add Gateway
2. The DNS should be set to the address provided by your ISP, as follows:
·
·
Click the DNS tab.
On the DNS screen, shown below, click the Add button (under DNS Service
Search Order), and enter the DNS provided by your ISP.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Figure 15: Windows NT4.0 - DNS
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows 2000:
1. Select Control Panel - Network and Dial-up Connection.
2. Right - click the Local Area Connection icon and select Properties. You should see
a screen like the following:
Figure 16: Network Configuration (Win 2000)
3. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
4. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Figure 17: TCP/IP Properties (Win 2000)
5. Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct, as described below.
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the
default Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-401 will act as
a DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-401.
Using a fixed IP Address ("Use the following IP Address")
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making
the following changes.
·
Enter VRT-401’s IP address in the Default gateway field and click OK. (Your LAN
administrator can advise you of the IP Address they assigned to VRT-401.)
·
If the DNS Server fields are empty, select Use the following DNS server addresses,
and enter the DNS address or addresses provided by your ISP, then click OK.
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows XP
1. Select Control Panel - Network Connection.
2. Right click the Local Area Connection and choose Properties. You should see a
screen like the following:
Figure 18: Network Configuration (Windows XP)
3. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
4. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Figure 19: TCP/IP Properties (Windows XP)
5. Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct.
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the
default Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-401 will act as
a DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-401.
Using a fixed IP Address ("Use the following IP Address")
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making
the following changes.
·
In the Default gateway field, enter VRT-401’s IP address and click OK. Your LAN
administrator can advise you of the IP Address they assigned to VRT-401.
·
If the DNS Server fields are empty, select Use the following DNS server addresses,
and enter the DNS address or addresses provided by your ISP, then click OK.
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PC Configuration
Internet Access
To configure your PCs to use VRT-401 for Internet access:
·
Ensure that the DSL modem, Cable modem, or other permanent connection is
functional.
·
Use the following procedure to configure your Browser to access the Internet via
the LAN, rather than by a Dial-up connection.
For Windows 9x/ME/2000
1. Select Start Menu - Settings - Control Panel - Internet Options.
2. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.
3. Select "I want to set up my Internet connection manually, or I want to connect
through a local area network (LAN)" and click Next.
4. Select "I connect through a local area network (LAN)" and click Next.
5. Ensure all of the boxes on the following Local area network Internet Configuration
screen are unchecked.
6. Check the "No" option when prompted "Do you want to set up an Internet mail
account now?"
7. Click Finish to close the Internet Connection Wizard.
Setup is now completed.
For Windows XP
1. Select Start Menu - Control Panel - Network and Internet Connections.
2. Select Set up or change your Internet Connection.
3. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.
4. Cancel the pop-up "Location Information" screen.
5. Click Next on the "New Connection Wizard" screen.
6. Select "Connect to the Internet" and click Next.
7. Select "Set up my connection manually" and click Next.
8. Check "Connect using a broadband connection that is always on" and click Next.
9. Click Finish to close the New Connection Wizard.
Setup is now completed.
Accessing AOL
To access AOL (America On Line) through VRT-401, the AOL for Windows software
must be configured to use TCP/IP network access, rather than a dial-up connection.
The configuration process is as follows:
·
Start the AOL for Windows communication software. Ensure that it is Version 2.5,
3.0 or later. This procedure will not work with earlier versions.
·
·
Click the Setup button.
Select Create Location, and change the location name from "New Locality" to
"VRT-401 ".
·
·
·
Click Edit Location. Select TCP/IP for the Network field. (Leave the Phone Number
blank.)
Click Save, then OK.
Configuration is now complete.
Before clicking "Sign On", always ensure that you are using the "VRT-401 " loca-
tion.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Macintosh Clients
From your Macintosh, you can access the Internet via VRT-401. The procedure is as
follows.
1. Open the TCP/IP Control Panel.
2. Select Ethernet from the Connect via pop-up menu.
3. Select Using DHCP Server from the Configure pop-up menu. The DHCP Client ID
field can be left blank.
4. Close the TCP/IP panel, saving your settings.
Note:
If using manually assigned IP addresses instead of DHCP, the required changes are:
·
·
Set the Router Address field to VRT-401’s IP Address.
Ensure your DNS settings are correct.
Linux Clients
To access the Internet via VRT-401, it is only necessary to set VRT-401 as the "Gate-
way".
Ensure you are logged in as "root" before attempting any changes.
Fixed IP Address
By default, most Unix installations use a fixed IP Address. If you wish to continue using
a fixed IP Address, make the following changes to your configuration.
·
·
Set your "Default Gateway" to the IP Address of VRT-401.
Ensure your DNS (Name server) settings are correct.
To act as a DHCP Client (recommended)
The procedure below may vary according to your version of Linux and X -windows
shell.
1. Start your X Windows client.
2. Select Control Panel - Network
3. Select the "Interface" entry for your Network card. Normally, this will be called
"eth0".
4. Click the Edit button, set the "protocol" to "DHCP", and save this data.
5. To apply your changes
·
·
Use the "Deactivate" and "Activate" buttons, if available.
OR, restart your system.
Other Unix Systems
To access the Internet via VRT-401:
·
Ensure the "Gateway" field for your network card is set to the IP Address of VRT-
401.
·
Ensure your DNS (Name Server) settings are correct.
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Chapter 5
Operation and Status
This Chapter details the operation of VRT-401 and the status screens.
Operation
Once both VRT-401 and the PCs are configured, operation is automatic.
However, there are some situations where additional Internet configuration may be
required:
·
If using Internet-based Communication Applications, it may be necessary to
specify which PC receives an incoming connection. Refer to Chapter 6 - Internet
Features for further details.
·
Applications that use non-standard connections or port numbers may be blocked
by VRT-401’s built-in firewall. You can define such applications as Special Appli-
cations to allow them to function normally. Refer to Chapter 6 - Internet Features
for further details.
·
Some non-standard applications may require use of the DMZ feature. Refer to
Chapter 6 - Internet Features for further details.
Status Screen
Use the Status link on the main menu to view this screen.
Figure 20: Status Screen
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VRT-401 User Manual
Data - Status Screen
Internet
This indicates the current connection method, as set in the
Setup Wizard.
Connection Method
This shows the connection status of the modem.
Current connection status:
Broadband Modem
Internet Connection
·
·
·
·
Active
Idle
Unknown
Failed
If there is an error, you can click the "Connection Details"
button to find out more information.
This IP Address is allocated by the ISP (Internet Service
Provider).
Internet IP Address
Click this button to open a sub-window and view a detailed
description of the current connection. Depending on the
type of connection, a "log" may also be available.
"Connection De-
tails"
Button
LAN
The IP Address of VRT-401.
IP Address
Network Mask
The Network Mask (Subnet Mask) for the IP Address
above.
This shows the status of the DHCP Server function - either
"Enabled" or "Disabled".
DHCP Server
For additional information about the PCs on your LAN, and
the IP addresses allocated to them, use the PC Database
option on the Advanced menu.
System
This displays the current name of VRT-401.
Device Name
Firmware Version
The current version of the firmware installed in VRT-401.
Clicking this button will open a Window which lists all sys-
tem details and settings.
"System Data"
Button
Buttons
View the details of the current Internet connection. The sub-
screen displayed will depend on the connection method
used. See the following sections for details of each sub-
screen.
Connection Details
Display all system information in a sub-window.
System Data
Restart (reboot) the Router. You will have to wait for the
restart to be completed before continuing.
Restart Router
Update the data displayed on screen.
Refresh Screen
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Operation and Status
Connection Status - PPPoE
If using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), a screen like the following example will be dis-
played when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 21: PPPoE Status Screen
Data - PPPoE Screen
Connection
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote
devices on the Internet. (This is different to the hardware
address seen by devices on the local LAN.)
Physical Address
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users.
This address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service
Provider).
IP Address
The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
Network Mask
This indicates whether or not the connection is currently
established.
PPPoE Link Status
·
If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button
can be used to establish a connection.
·
If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect"
button can be used to break the connection.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Connection Log
Connection Log
·
·
·
The Connection Log shows status messages relating to
the existing connection.
The most common messages are listed in the table
below.
The "Clear Log" button will restart the Log, while the
Refresh button will update the messages shown on
screen.
Buttons
If not connected, establish a connection to your ISP.
If connected to your ISP, hang up the connection.
Connect
Disconnect
Clear Log
Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier
to read new messages.
Update the data on screen.
Refresh
Connection Log Messages
Message
Description
Connect on Demand
Connection attempt has been triggered by the "Connect
automatically, as required" setting.
Manual connection
Connection attempt started by the "Connect" button.
Preparing line for connection attempt.
Reset physical connec-
tion
Connecting to remote
server
Attempting to connect to the ISP's server.
Remote Server located
Start PPP
ISP's Server has responded to connection attempt.
Attempting to login to ISP's Server and establish a PPP
connection.
PPP up successfully
Idle time-out reached
Able to login to ISP's Server and establish a PPP con-
nection.
The connection has been idle for the time period speci-
fied in the "Idle Time-out" field. The connection will now
be terminated.
Disconnecting
The current connection is being terminated, due to either
the "Idle Time-out" above, or "Disconnect" button being
clicked.
Error: Remote Server
not found
ISP's Server did not respond. This could be a Server
problem, or a problem with the link to the Server.
Error: PPP Connection
failed
Unable to establish a PPP connection with the ISP's
Server. This could be a login problem (name or pass-
word) or a Server problem.
Error: Connection to
Server lost
The existing connection has been lost. This could be
caused by a power failure, a link failure, or Server failure.
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Operation and Status
Error: Invalid or un-
known packet type
The data received from the ISP's Server could not be
processed. This could be caused by data corruption
(from a bad link), or the Server using a protocol which is
not supported by this device.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Connection Status - PPTP
If using PPTP (Peer-to-Peer Tunneling Protocol), a screen like the following example
will be displayed when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 22: PPTP Status Screen
Data - PPTP Screen
Connection
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote de-
vices on the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address
seen by devices on the local LAN.)
Physical Ad-
dress
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
IP Address
This indicates whether or not the connection is currently estab-
lished.
PPTP Status
·
If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can
be used to establish a connection.
·
If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button
can be used to break the connection.
Connection Log
Connection Log
·
·
The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
existing connection.
The "Clear Log" button will restart the Log, while the Re-
fresh button will update the messages shown on screen.
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Operation and Status
Buttons
If not connected, establish a connection to your ISP.
Connect
If connected to your ISP, hang up the connection.
Disconnect
Clear Log
Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to
read new messages.
Update the data on screen.
Refresh
Connection Status - Telstra Big Pond
An example screen is shown below.
Figure 23: Telstra Big Pond Status Screen
Data - Telstra Big Pond Screen
Connection
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote
devices. (This is different to the hardware address seen by
devices on the local LAN.)
Physical Address
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
IP Address
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VRT-401 User Manual
This indicates whether or not the connection is currently
established.
Connection Status
·
·
·
If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can
be used to establish a connection.
If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button
can be used to break the connection.
Normally, it is not necessary to use the Connect and
Disconnect buttons unless the setting "Connect automati-
cally, as required" is disabled.
Connection Log
Connection Log
·
·
The Connection Log shows status messages relating to
the existing connection.
The Clear Log button will restart the Log, while the Re-
fresh button will update the messages shown on screen.
Buttons
If not connected, establish a connection to Telstra Big Pond.
If connected to Telstra Big Pond, terminate the connection.
Connect
Disconnect
Clear Log
Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to
read new messages.
Update the data on screen.
Refresh
Connection Details - SingTel RAS
If using the SingTel RAS access method, a screen like the following example will be
displayed when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 24: Connection Details - SingTel RAS
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Operation and Status
Data - SingTel RAS Screen
Internet
The RAS Plan which is currently used.
RAS Plan
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote de-
vices on the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address
seen by devices on the local LAN.)
Physical Ad-
dress
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
IP Address
The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
Network Mask
The IP Address of the remote Gateway or Router associated
with the IP Address above.
Default Gateway
The IP Address of the Domain Name Server which is currently
used.
DNS IP Address
DHCP Client
This will show "Enabled" or "Disabled", depending on whether
or not this device is functioning as a DHCP client.
If "Enabled" the "Remaining lease time" field indicates when
the IP Address allocated by the DHCP Server will expire. The
lease is automatically renewed on expiry; use the "Renew"
button if you wish to manually renew the lease immediately.
Buttons
This button is only useful if the IP address shown above is
allocated automatically on connection. (Dynamic IP address). If
you have a Fixed (Static) IP address, this button has no effect.
Release/Renew
Button will
display EITHER
"Release"
OR
·
If the ISP's DHCP Server has NOT allocated an IP Address
for VRT-401, this button will say "Renew". Clicking the
"Renew" button will attempt to re-establish the connection
and obtain an IP Address from the ISP's DHCP Server.
"Renew"
·
If an IP Address has been allocated to VRT-401 (by the
ISP's DHCP Server), this button will say "Release". Clicking
the "Release" button will break the connection and release
the IP Address.
Update the data shown on screen.
Refresh
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VRT-401 User Manual
Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address
If your access method is "Direct" (no login), a screen like the following example will be
displayed when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 25: Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address
Data - Fixed/Dynamic IP address Screen
Internet
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote de-
vices on the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address
seen by devices on the local LAN.)
Physical Ad-
dress
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
IP Address
The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
Network Mask
The IP Address of the remote Gateway or Router associated
with the IP Address above.
Default Gateway
The IP Address of the Domain Name Server which is currently
used.
DNS IP Address
DHCP Client
This will show "Enabled" or "Disabled", depending on whether
or not this device is functioning as a DHCP client.
If "Enabled" the "Remaining lease time" field indicates when
the IP Address allocated by the DHCP Server will expire. The
lease is automatically renewed on expiry; use the "Renew"
button if you wish to manually renew the lease immediately.
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Operation and Status
Buttons
This button is only useful if the IP address shown above is
Release/Renew
allocated automatically on connection. (Dynamic IP address). If
you have a Fixed (Static) IP address, this button has no effect.
Button will
display EITHER
"Release"
OR
·
If the ISP's DHCP Server has NOT allocated an IP Address
for VRT-401, this button will say "Renew". Clicking the
"Renew" button will attempt to re-establish the connection
and obtain an IP Address from the ISP's DHCP Server.
"Renew"
·
If an IP Address has been allocated to VRT-401 (by the
ISP's DHCP Server), this button will say "Release". Clicking
the "Release" button will break the connection and release
the IP Address.
Update the data shown on screen.
Refresh
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Chapter 6
Internet Features
This Chapter explains when and how to use VRT-401’s "Internet" Fea-
tures.
Overview
The following advanced features are provided.
·
Advanced Internet
·
·
·
·
Communication Applications
Special Applications
DMZ
URL filter
·
·
·
Dynamic DNS
Virtual Servers
Options
Advanced Internet Screen
Figure 26: Internet Screen
This screen allows configuration of all advanced features relating to Internet access.
·
·
·
·
Communication Applications
Special Applications
DMZ
URL filter
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Internet Features
Communication Applications
Most applications are supported transparently by VRT-401. But sometimes it is not
clear which PC should receive an incoming connection. This problem could arise with
the Communication Applications listed on this screen.
If this problem arises, you can use this screen to set which PC should receive an
incoming connection, as described below.
Communication Applications
This lists applications which may generate incoming con-
nections, where the destination PC (on your local LAN) is
unknown.
Select an Applica-
tion
This lists the PCs on your LAN.
Send incoming
calls to
·
·
·
If necessary, you can add PCs manually, using the "PC
Database" option on the advanced menu.
For each application listed above, you can choose a
destination PC.
There is no need to "Save" after each change; you can
set the destination PC for each application, then click
"Save".
Special Applications
If you use Internet applications which use non-standard connections or port numbers,
you may find that they do not function correctly because they are blocked by VRT-
401’s firewall. In this case, you can define the application as a "Special Application".
Special Applications Screen
This screen can be reached by clicking the Special Applications button on the Ad-
vanced Internet screen.
You can then define your Special Applications. You will need detailed information
about the application; this is normally available from the supplier of the application.
Also, note that the terms "Incoming" and "Outgoing" on this screen refer to traffic from
the client (PC) viewpoint
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VRT-401 User Manual
Figure 27: Special Applications Screen
Data - Special Applications Screen
Use this to Enable or Disable this Special Application as required.
Enter a descriptive name to identify this Special Application.
Checkbox
Name
·
Type - Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) used when you receive
data from the special application or service. (Note: Some applica-
tions use different protocols for outgoing and incoming data).
Incoming
Ports
·
Start - Enter the beginning of the range of port numbers used by
the application server, for data you receive. If the application uses
a single port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish"
fields.
·
·
·
Finish - Enter the end of the range of port numbers used by the
application server, for data you receive.
Type - Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) used when you send
data to the remote system or service.
Outgoing
Ports
Start - Enter the beginning of the range of port numbers used by
the application server, for data you send to it. If the application
uses a single port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish"
fields.
·
Finish - Enter the end of the range of port numbers used by the
application server, for data you send to it. If the application uses a
single port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
Using a Special Application
·
·
Configure the Special Applications screen as required.
On your PC, use the application normally. Remember that only one (1) PC can use
each Special application at any time. Also, when 1 PC is finished using a particular
Special Application, there may need to be a "Time-out" before another PC can use
the same Special Application. The "Time-out" period may be up to 3 minutes.
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Internet Features
If an application still cannot function correctly,
try using the "DMZ" feature.
DMZ
This feature, if enabled, allows one (1) computer on your LAN to be exposed to all
users on the Internet, allowing unrestricted 2-way communication between the "DMZ
PC" and other Internet users or Servers.
·
·
·
·
This allows almost any application to be used on the "DMZ PC".
The "DMZ PC" will receive all "Unknown" connections and data.
If the DMZ feature is enabled, you must select the PC to be used as the "DMZ PC".
The DMZ feature can be Enabled and Disabled on the Advanced Internet screen.
The "DMZ PC" is effectively outside the Firewall, mak-
ing it more vulnerable to attacks. For this reason, you
should only enable the DMZ feature when required.
URL Filter
The URL Filter allows you to block access to undesirable Web site
·
To use this feature, you must define "filter strings". If the "filter string" appears in a
requested URL, the request is blocked.
·
Enabling the URL Filter also affects the Internet Access Log. If Enabled, the "Des-
tination" field in the log will display the URL. Otherwise, it will display the IP
Address.
·
The URL Filter can be Enabled or Disabled on the Advanced Internet screen.
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URL Filter Screen
Click the "Configure URL Filter" button on the Advanced Internet screen to access the
URL Filter screen. An example screen is shown below.
Figure 28: URL Filter Screen
Data - URL Filter Screen
Filter Strings
This lists any existing entries. If you have not entered any values,
this list will be empty.
Current Entries
To add an entry to the list, enter it here, and click the "Add"
button.
Add Filter
String
a string. (e.g. ads/ )
Any URL which contains ANY entry ANYWHERE in the URL will
be blocked.
Buttons
Use these buttons to delete the selected entry or all entries, as
required. Multiple entries can be selected by holding down the
CTRL key while selecting.(On the Macintosh, hold the SHIFT key
while selecting.)
Delete/Delete
All
Use this to add the current Filter String to the site list.
Add
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Internet Features
Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Server)
This free service is very useful when combined with the Virtual Server feature. It allows
Internet users to connect to your Virtual Servers using a URL, rather than an IP Ad-
dress.
This also solves the problem of having a dynamic IP address. With a dynamic IP
address, your IP address may change whenever you connect, which makes it difficult
to connect to you.
The Service works as follows:
Your password will be E-mailed to you.
quest your desired Domain name.
4. VRT-401 will then automatically ensure that your current IP Address is recorded at
5. From the Internet, users will be able to connect to your Virtual Servers (or DMZ PC)
using your Domain name, as shown on this screen.
Dynamic DNS Screen
Select Internet on the main menu, then Dynamic DNS, to see a screen like the follow-
ing:
Figure 29: DDNS Screen
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Data - Dynamic DNS Screen
DDNS Service
DDNS Service
·
You must sign up first to create a new account before using
the service. The service is free.
·
·
Your initial password will be E-mailed to you; you can
change this later if you wish.
·
After registration, use the "Create New Host" link (on the
www.dyndns.org Web site) to request a domain name.
DDNS Data
User Name
site when you registered.
Enter your current password for www.dyndns.org
Password
·
·
Domain Name
The name should consist only of letters and the hyphen
(dash). Using any other characters may cause problems..
This message is returned by the DDNS Server at
DDNS Status
·
Normally, this message should be "Update successful"
(current IP address was updated on the www.dyndns.org
server).
·
If the message is "No host", this indicates the host name
entered was not allocated to you. You need to connect to
www.dyndns.org and correct this problem.
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Internet Features
Virtual Servers
This feature allows you to make Servers on your LAN accessible to Internet users.
Normally, Internet users would not be able to access a server on your LAN because:
·
·
Your Server does not have a valid external IP Address.
Attempts to connect to devices on your LAN are blocked by the firewall in this
device.
The "Virtual Server" feature solves these problems and allows Internet users to con-
nect to your servers, as illustrated below.
Figure 30: Virtual Servers
IP Address seen by Internet Users
Note that, in this illustration, both Internet users are connecting to the same IP Address,
but using different protocols.
To Internet users, all virtual Servers on your LAN have the same IP Address.
This IP Address is allocated by your ISP.
This address should be static, rather than dynamic, to make it easier for Internet users
to connect to your Servers.
However, you can use the DDNS (Dynamic DNS) feature to allow users to connect to
your Virtual Servers using a URL, instead of an IP Address.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Using the DMZ port for Virtual Servers
You should connect your Virtual Servers to the DMZ port, for the following reasons:
·
Traffic passing between the DMZ and LAN passes through the firewall. The fire-
wall will protect your LAN if your Server is compromised and used to launch an
attack on your LAN.
·
For each enabled Virtual Server, a firewall rule to allow incoming traffic from the
Internet (WAN) to the DMZ is automatically created. If the Server is connected to
the LAN (hub) ports, you must add the firewall rule manually.
Note that the DMZ port is a normal port, not an "uplink" port. If connecting to a hub,
connect to the "uplink" port on the hub.
Virtual Servers Screen
The Virtual Servers screen is reached by the Virtual Servers link on the Internet menu.
An example screen is shown below.
Figure 31: Virtual Servers Screen
This screen lists a number of pre-defined Servers,. providing a quick and convenient
method to set up the common server types.
Data - Virtual Servers Screen
Servers
This lists a number of pre-defined Servers, plus any Servers
you have defined. Details of the selected Server are shown in
the "Properties" area.
Servers
Properties
Enable
Use this to Enable or Disable support for this Server, as
required.
·
If Enabled, any incoming connections will be forwarded to
the selected PC.
·
If Disabled, any incoming connection attempts will be
blocked.
Select the PC for this Server. The PC must be running the
appropriate Server software.
PC (Server)
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Internet Features
Defining your own Virtual Servers
If the type of Server you wish to use is not listed on the Virtual Servers screen, you can
use the Firewall Rules to allow particular incoming traffic and forward it to a specified
PC (Server).
Connecting to the Virtual Servers
Once configured, anyone on the Internet can connect to your Virtual Servers. They
must use the Internet IP Address (the IP Address allocated to you by your ISP).
e.g.
It is more convenient if you are using a Fixed IP Address from your ISP, rather than
Dynamic. However, you can use the Dynamic DNS feature, described in the following
section, to allow users to connect to your Virtual Servers using a URL, rather than an
IP Address.
Options
This screen allows advanced users to enter or change a number of settings. For
normal operation, there is no need to use this screen or change any settings.
Figure 32: Options Screen
Data - Options Screen
Backup DNS
Enter the IP Address of the DNS (Domain Name Servers) here.
These DNS will be used only if the primary DNS is unavailable.
IP Address
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MTU
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) value should only be
changed if advised to do so by Technical Support.
MTU size
·
·
Enter a value between 1 and 1500.
This device will still auto-negotiate with the remote server, to
set the MTU size. The smaller of the 2 values (auto-
negotiated, or entered here) will be used.
·
For direct connections (not PPPoE or PPTP), the MTU used
is always 1500.
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Chapter 7
Security Configuration
This Chapter explains the settings available via the security configura-
tion section of the "Security" menu.
Overview
The following advanced configurations are provided.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Admin Login
Access Control
Firewall Rules
Logs
Security Options
Scheduling
Services
Admin Login
The Admin Login screen allows you to assign a user name and password to VRT-401.
Figure 33: Admin Login Screen
1. The default login name is "admin". Change this to the desired value.
2. The default password is blank (no password). Enter the desired password in the
New Password and Verify Password fields.
3. Save your changes.
You will see a login prompt when you connect to VRT-401, as shown below.
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Figure 34: Password Dialog
Enter the "User Name" and "Password" you set on the Admin Login screen above.
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Security Configuration
Access Control
This feature is accessed by the Access Control link on the Security menu.
The Access Control feature allows administrators to restrict the level of Internet Ac-
cess available to PCs on your LAN. With the default settings, everyone has
unrestricted Internet access.
To use this feature:
1. Set the desired restrictions on the "Default" group. All PCs are in the "Default"
group unless explicitly moved to another group.
2. Set the desired restrictions on the other groups ("Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3"
and "Group 4") as needed.
3. Assign PC to the groups as required.
Restrictions are imposed by blocking "Services", or types of
connections. All common Services are pre-defined.
If required, you can also define your own Services.
Access Control Screen
To view this screen, select the Access Control link on the Security menu.
Figure 35: Access Control Screen
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Data - Access Control Screen
Group
Select the desired Group. The screen will update to display
Group
the settings for the selected Group. Groups are named "De-
fault", "Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3" and "Group 4", and
cannot be re-named.
Click this button to add or remove members from the current
Group.
"Members" Button
·
If the current group is "Default", then members can not be
added or deleted. This group contains PCs not allocated
to any other group.
·
·
To remove PCs from the Default Group, assign them to
another Group.
To assign PCs to the Default Group, delete them from the
Group they are currently in.
See the following section for details of the Group Members
screen.
Internet Access
Restrictions
Select the desired options for the current group:
·
·
·
None - Nothing is blocked. Use this to create the least
restrictive group.
Block all Internet access - All traffic via the WAN port is
blocked. Use this to create the most restrictive group.
Block selected Services - You can select which Services
are to block. Use this to gain fine control over the Internet
access for a group.
If Internet access is being blocked, you can choose to apply
the blocking only during scheduled times. (If access is not
blocked, no Scheduling is possible, and this setting has no
effect.)
Block by Schedule
Services
This lists all defined Services. Select the Services you wish to
block. To select multiple services, hold the CTRL key while
selecting. (On the Macintosh, hold the SHIFT key rather than
CTRL.)
Buttons
Click this button to add or remove members from the current
Group.
Members
If the current group is "Default", then members can not be
added or deleted. This group contains PCs not allocated to
any other group.
See the following section for details of the Group Members
screen.
Save the data on screen.
Save
Reverse any changes made since the last "Save".
Cancel
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Security Configuration
Click this to open a sub-window where you can view the
View Log
Clear Log
"Access Control" log. This log shows attempted Internet
accesses which have been blocked by the Access Control
feature.
Click this to clear and restart the "Access Control" log, mak-
ing new entries easier to read.
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Group Members Screen
This screen is displayed when the Members button on the Access Control screen is
clicked.
Figure 36: Group Members
Use this screen to add or remove members (PCs) from the current group.
·
The "Del >>" button will remove the selected PC (in the Members list) from the
current group.
·
The "<< Add" button will add the selected PC (in the Other PCs list) to the current
group.
PCs not assigned to any group will be in the
"Default" group.
PCs deleted from any other Group will be added
to the "Default" group.
Access Control Log
To check the operation of the Access Control feature, an Access Control Log is pro-
vided. Click the View Log button on the Access Control screen to view this log.
This log shows attempted Internet accesses which have been blocked by the Access
Control function.
Data shown in this log is as follows:
Date and Time of the attempted access.
Date/Time
Name
If known, the name of the PC whose access was blocked.
This name is taken from the Network Clients database
The IP Address of the PC or device whose access request
was blocked
Source IP address
MAC address
Destination
The hardware or physical address of the PC or device whose
access request was blocked
The destination URL or IP address
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Security Configuration
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VRT-401 User Manual
Firewall Rules
For normal operation and LAN protection, it is not necessary to use this screen.
The Firewall will always block DoS (Denial of Service) attacks. A DoS attack does not
attempt to steal data or damage your PCs, but overloads your Internet connection so
you can not use it - the service is unavailable.
As well, you can use this screen to create Firewall rules to block or allow specific traffic.
But Incorrect configuration may cause serious problems.
This feature is for advanced administrators only!
Firewall Rules Screen
Click the Firewall Rules option on the Security menu to see a screen like the following
example. This example contains two (2) rules for outgoing traffic.
Since the default rule for outgoing (LAN => WAN) traffic is "Allow",
having an "Allow" rule for LAN => WAN only makes sense in
combination with another rule.
For example, the screen below shows a rule blocking all traffic to
a MSN Game Server, followed by another rule allowing access by
a specific PC.
Figure 37: Firewall Rules Screen
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Security Configuration
Data - Firewall Rules Screen
Rule List
Select the desired option; the screen will update and list any
current rules. If you have not defined any rules, the list will be
empty.
View Rules
for ..
For each rule, the following data is shown:
Data
·
·
Name - The name you assigned to the rule.
Source - The traffic covered by this rule, defined by the
source IP address. If the IP address is followed by ... this in-
dicates there is range of IP addresses, rather than a single
address.
·
·
Destination - The traffic covered by this rule, defined by
destination IP address. If the IP address is followed by ... this
indicates there is range of IP addresses, rather than a single
address.
Action - Action will be "Forward" or "Block"
To add a new rule, click the "Add" button, and complete the
resulting screen. See the following section for more details.
Add
To Edit or modify an existing rule, select it and click the "Edit"
button.
Edit
There are 2 ways to change the order of rules
Move
·
Use the up and down indicators on the right to move the
selected rule. You must confirm your changes by clicking
"OK". If you change your mind before clicking "OK", click
"Cancel" to reverse your changes.
·
Click "Move" to directly specify a new location for the se-
lected rule.
To delete an existing rule, select it and click the "Delete" button.
Delete
Clicking the "View Log" button will open a new window and
display the Firewall log.
View Log
Clicking the "System Rules" button will open a new window and
display the default firewall rules currently applied by the system.
These rules cannot be edited, but any rules you create will take
precedence over the default rules.
System Rules
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Define Firewall Rule
Clicking the "Add" button in the Firewall Rules screen will display a screen like the
example below.
Figure 38: Define Firewall Rule
Data - Define Firewall Rule Screen
Enter a suitable name for this rule.
Name
Type
This determines the source and destination ports for traffic
covered by this rule. Select the desired option.
These settings determine which traffic, based on their
source IP address, is covered by this rule.
Source IP
Select the desired option:
·
Any - All traffic from the source port is covered by this
rule.
·
Single address - Enter the required IP address in the
"Start IP address" field". You can ignore the "Subnet
Mask" field.
·
·
Range address - If this option is selected, you must
complete both the "Start IP address" and "Finish IP ad-
dress" fields. You can ignore the "Subnet Mask" field.
Subnet address - If this option is selected, enter the
required mask in the "Subnet Mask" field.
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Security Configuration
These settings determine which traffic, based on their
Dest IP
destination IP address, is covered by this rule.
Select the desired option:
·
·
Any - All traffic from the source port is covered by this
rule.
Single address - Enter the required IP address in the
"Start IP address" field". You can ignore the "Subnet
Mask" field.
·
·
Range address - If this option is selected, you must
complete both the "Start IP address" and "Finish IP ad-
dress" fields. You can ignore the "Subnet Mask" field.
Subnet address - If this option is selected, enter the
required mask in the "Subnet Mask" field.
Select the desired Service or Services. This determines
which packets are covered by this rule, based on the proto-
col (TPC or UDP) and port number. If necessary, you can
define a new Service on the "Services" screen, by defining
the protocols and port numbers used by the Service.
Services
Select the desired action for packets covered by this rule:
Action
Log
This determines whether packets covered by this rule are
logged. Select the desired option.
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Logs
The Logs record various types of activity on VRT-401. This data is useful for trouble-
shooting, but enabling all logs will generate a large amount of data and adversely
affect performance.
Since only a limited amount of log data can be stored in VRT-401, log data can also be
E-mailed to your PC or sent to a Syslog Server.
Figure 39: Logs Screen
Data - Logs Screen
Enable Logs
If enabled, this log will show details of DoS (Denial of Ser-
vice) attacks which have been blocked by the built-in
Firewall.
DoS Attacks
If selected, Outgoing Internet connections are logged.
Normally, the (Internet) "Destination" will be shown as an IP
address. But if the "URL Filter" is enabled, the "Destination"
will be shown as a URL.
Internet Connec-
tions
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Security Configuration
If enabled, the log will include attempted outgoing connec-
tions which have been blocked by the "Access Control"
feature.
Access Control
Firewall Rules
If enabled, the log will details of packets blocked by user-
defined Firewall rules. Logging can be set for each rule
individually. Only rules which have logging enabled will be
included.
If enabled, the VPN log will record incoming and outgoing
VPN connections.
VPN
Select the correct Timezone for your location. This is re-
quired for the date/time shown on the logs to be correct.
Timezone
E-Mail Logs
If enabled, an E-mail will be sent immediately if a DoS
(Denial of Service) attack is detected. If enabled, the E-mail
address information must be provided.
Send E-mail alert
You can choose to have the logs E-mailed to you, by ena-
bling either or both checkboxes. If enabled, the Log will sent
to the specified E-mail address. The interval between E-
mails is determined by the "Send" setting.
E-mail Logs
Send
Select the desired option for sending the log by E-mail.
·
·
When log is full - The time is not fixed. The log will be
sent when the log is full, which will depend on the vol-
ume of traffic.
Every day, Every Monday ... - The log is sent on the
interval specified.
·
·
·
·
If "Every day" is selected, the log is sent at the time
specified.
If the day is specified, the log is sent once per
week, on the specified day.
Select the time of day you wish the E-mail to be
sent.
If the log is full before the time specified to send it, it
will be sent regardless of the day and time speci-
fied.
Enter the E-mail address the Log is to be sent to. The E-
mail will also show this address as the Sender's address.
E-mail Address
Subject
Enter the text string to be shown in the "Subject" field for the
E-mail.
Enter the address or IP address of the SMTP (Simple Mail
Transport Protocol) Server you use for outgoing E-mail.
SMTP Server
Port No.
Enter the port number used to connect to the SMTP Server.
The default value is 25.
Syslog Server
Enable Syslog
Syslog Server
If enabled, log data will be sent to your Syslog Server.
Enter the IP address of your Syslog Server.
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Select the logs you wish to be included.
Include
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Security Configuration
Security Options
This screen allows you to set Firewall and other security-related options.
Figure 40: Security Options Screen
Data - Security Options Screen
SPI Firewall
If enabled, DoS (Denial of Service) attacks will be detected and
blocked. The default is enabled. It is strongly recommended that
this setting be left enabled.
Enable DoS
Firewall
Note:
·
·
A DoS attack does not attempt to steal data or damage your
PCs, but overloads your Internet connection so you can not
use it - the service is unavailable.
This device uses "Stateful Inspection" technology. This
system can detect situations where individual TCP/IP pack-
ets are valid, but collectively they become a DoS attack.
This setting affects the number of "half-open" connections al-
lowed.
Threshold
·
A "half-open" connection arises when a remote client con-
tacts the Server with a connection request, but then does not
reply to the Server's response.
·
While the optimum number of "half-open" connections
allowed (the "Threshold") depends on many factors, the
most important factor is the available bandwidth of your
Internet connection.
·
Select the setting to match the bandwidth of your Internet
connection.
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Options
The ICMP protocol is used by the "ping" and "trace route" pro-
grams, and by network monitoring and diagnostic programs.
Respond to
ICMP
·
If checked, VRT-401 will respond to ICMP packets received
from the Internet.
·
If not checked, ICMP packets from the Internet will be ig-
nored. Disabling this option provides a slight increase in
security.
The IPSec protocol is used to establish a secure connection, and
is widely used by VPN (Virtual Private Networking) programs.
Allow IPsec
Allow PPTP
Allow L2TP
·
·
If checked, IPSec connections are allowed.
If not checked, IPSec connections are blocked.
PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) is widely used by VPN
(Virtual Private Networking) programs.
·
·
If checked, PPTP connections are allowed.
If not checked, PPTP connections are blocked.
L2TP is a protocol developed by Cisco for VPNs (Virtual Private
Networks).
·
·
If checked, L2TP connections are allowed.
If not checked, L2TP connections are blocked.
If enabled, TFTP (Trivial FTP) connections can be made to this
device.
Allow TFTP
firmware up-
grade
·
TFTP can be used to upgrade the firmware. This is normally
not required, and should not be enabled unless necessary.
·
You must obtain the firmware upgrade file first; instructions
for using TFTP will be available with the upgrade.
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Security Configuration
Scheduling
·
·
This schedule can be (optionally) applied to any Access Control Group.
Blocking will be performed during the scheduled time (between the "Start" and
"Finish" times.)
·
·
·
Two (2) separate sessions or periods can be defined.
Times must be entered using a 24 hr clock.
If the time for a particular day is blank, no action will be performed.
Define Schedule Screen
This screen is accessed by the Scheduling link on the Security menu.
Figure 41: Define Schedule Screen
Data - Define Schedule Screen
Each day of the week can scheduled independently.
Day
Two (2) separate sessions or periods can be defined. Session
2 can be left blank if not required.
Session 1
Session 2
Enter the start using a 24 hr clock.
Start Time
Enter the finish time using a 24 hr clock.
Finish Time
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Services
Services are used in defining traffic to be blocked or allowed by the Access Control or
Firewall Rules features. Many common Services are pre-defined, but you can also
define your own services if required.
To view the Services screen, select the Services link on the Security menu.
Figure 42: Services Screen
Data - Services Screen
Available Services
This lists all the available services.
Available Ser-
vices
Use this to delete any Service you have added. Pre-defined
Services can not be deleted.
"Delete" button
Add New Service
Name
Enter a descriptive name to identify this service.
Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP) used to the remote
system or service.
Type
For TCP and UDP Services, enter the beginning of the range of
port numbers used by the service. If the service uses a single
port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
Start Port
Finish Port
ICMP Type
For TCP and UDP Services, enter the end of the range of port
numbers used by the service. If the service uses a single port
number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
For ICMP Services, enter the type number of the required
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Security Configuration
service.
Buttons
Delete
Add
Delete the selected service from the list.
Add a new entry to the Service list, using the data shown in the
"Add New Service" area on screen.
Clear the " Add New Service " area, ready for entering data for
a new Service.
Cancel
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Chapter 8
VPN
This Chapter describes the VPN capabilities and configuration required
for common situations.
Overview
This section describes the VPN (Virtual Private Network) support provided by your
VRT-401.
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides a secure connection between 2 points, over
an insecure network - typically the Internet. This secure connection is called a VPN
Tunnel.
There are many standards and protocols for VPNs. The standard implemented in
VRT-401 is IPSec.
IPSec
IPSec is a near-ubiquitous VPN security standard, designed for use with TCP/IP
networks. It works at the packet level, and authenticates and encrypts all packets
traveling over the VPN Tunnel. Thus, it does not matter what applications are used on
your PC. Any application can use the VPN like any other network connection.
IPsec VPNs exchange information through logical connections called SAs (Security
Associations). An SA is simply a definition of the protocols, algorithms and keys used
between the two VPN devices (endpoints).
Each IPsec VPN has two SAs - one in each direction. If IKE (Internet Key Exchange) is
used to generate and exchange keys, there are also SA's for the IKE connection as
well as the IPsec connection.
There are two security modes possible with IPSec:
·
Transport Mode - the payload (data) part of the packet is encapsulated through
encryption but the IP header remains in the clear (unchanged).
VRT-401 does NOT support Transport Mode.
·
Tunnel Mode - everything is encapsulated, including the original IP header, and a
new IP header is generated. Only the new header in the clear (i.e. not protected)
This system provides enhanced security.
VRT-401 always uses Tunnel Mode.
IKE
IKE (Internet Key Exchange) is an optional, but widely used, component of IPsec. IKE
provides a method of negotiating and generating the keys and IDs required by IPSec.
If using IKE, only a single key is required to be provided during configuration. Also, IKE
supports using Certificates (provided by CAs - Certification Authorities) to authenti-
cate the identify of the remote user or gateway.
If IKE is NOT used, then all keys and IDs (SPIs) must be entered manually, and Cer-
tificates can NOT be used. This is called a "Manual Key Exchange".
When using IKE, there are 2 phases to establishing the VPN tunnel:
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VPN
·
·
Phase I is the negotiation and establishment up of the IKE connection.
Phase II is the negotiation and establishment up of the IPsec connection.
Because the IKE and IPsec connections are separate, they have different SAs (secu-
rity associations).
Policies
VPN configuration settings are stored in Policies.
Each policy defines:
·
·
·
·
The address of the remote VPN endpoint
The traffic which is allowed to use the VPN connection.
The parameters (settings) for the IPsec SA (Security Association)
If IKE is used, the parameters (settings) for the IKE SA (Security Association)
Generally, you will need at least one (1) VPN Policy for each remote site for which you
wish to establish VPN connections.
It is possible, and sometimes necessary, to have multiple Policies for the same remote
site. In this case, the order (sequence) of the policies is important. The policies are
examined in turn, and the first matching policy will be used.
VPN Configuration
The general rule is that each endpoint must have matching Policies, as follows:
Each VPN endpoint must be configured to initiate or accept
connections to the remote VPN client or Gateway.
Remote VPN ad-
dress
Usually, this requires having a fixed Internet IP address.
However, it is possible for a VPN Gateway to accept incom-
ing connections from a remote client where the client's IP
address is not known in advance.
This determines which outgoing traffic will cause a VPN
connection to be established, and which incoming traffic will
be accepted. Each endpoint must be configured to pass and
accept the desired traffic from the remote endpoint.
Traffic Selector
If connecting 2 LANs, this requires that:
·
Each endpoint must be aware of the IP addresses used
on the other endpoint.
·
The 2 LANs MUST use different IP address ranges.
If using IKE (recommended), the IKE parameters must match
(except for the SA lifetime, which can be different).
IKE parameters
The IPsec parameters at each endpoint must match.
IPsec parameters
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Common VPN Situations
VPN Pass-through
Figure 43: VPN Pass-through
Here, a PC on the LAN behind the Router/Gateway is using VPN software, but the
Router/Gateway is NOT acting as a VPN endpoint. It is only allowing the VPN connec-
tion.
·
·
The PC software can use any VPN protocol supported by the remote VPN.
The remote VPN Server must support client PCs which are behind a NAT router,
and so have an IP address which is not valid on the Internet.
·
The Router/Gateway requires no VPN configuration, since it is not acting as a VPN
endpoint.
Client PC to VPN Gateway
Figure 44: Client PC to VPN Server
In this situation, the PC must run appropriate VPN client software in order to connect,
via the Internet, to VRT-401. Once connected, the client PC has the same access to
LAN resources as PCs on the local LAN (unless restricted by the network administra-
tor).
·
IPsec is not the only protocol which can be used in this situation, but VRT-401
supports IPsec ONLY.
·
Windows 2000 and Windows XP include a suitable IPsec VPN client program.
Configuration of this client program for use with VRT-401 is covered later in this
document.
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Connecting 2 LANs via VPN
Figure 45: Connecting 2 VPN Gateways
This allows two (2) LANs to be connected. PCs on each endpoint gain secure access
to the remote LAN.
·
·
The 2 LANs MUST use different IP address ranges.
The VPN Policies at each end determine when a VPN tunnel will be established,
and what systems on the remote LAN can be accessed once the VPN connection
is established.
·
It is possible to have simultaneous VPN connections to many remote sites.
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VPN Configuration
This section covers the configuration required on VRT-401 when using Manual Key
Exchange (Manual Policies) or IKE (Automatic Policies).
Details of using Certificates are covered in a later section.
VPN Policies Screen
To view this screen, select VPN Policies from the VPN menu. This screen lists all
existing VPN policies. If no policies exist, the list will be empty.
Figure 46: VPN Policies
Note that the order of policies is important if you have more than one policy for particu-
lar traffic. In that case, the first matching policy (for the traffic under consideration) will
be used.
Data - VPN Policies Screen
VPN List
The name of the policy. When creating a policy, you should select
a suitable name.
Policy Name
This indicates whether or not the policy is currently enabled. Use
the "Enable/Disable" button to toggle the state of the selected
policy.
Enable
The IP address of the remote VPN endpoint (Gateway or client).
Remote VPN
Endpoint
This will indicate "Manual" (manual key exchange) or "IKE" (Inter-
net Key Exchange)
Key Type
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Operations
Add
To add a new policy, click the "Add" button. See the following
section for details.
To Edit or modify an existing policy, select it and click the "Edit"
button.
Edit
There are 2 ways to change the order of policies:
Move
·
Use the up and down indicators on the right to move the
selected row. You must confirm your changes by clicking
"OK". If you change your mind before clicking "OK", click
"Cancel" to reverse your changes.
·
Click "Move" to directly specify a new location for the selected
policy.
Use this to toggle the On/Off state of the selected policy.
En-
able/Disable
If you wish to create a policy which is similar to an existing policy,
select the policy and click the "Copy" button.
Copy
Remember that the new policy must have a different name, and
there can only be one active (enabled) policy for each remote VPN
endpoint.
To delete an exiting policy, select it and click the "Delete" button.
Delete
Clicking the "View Log" button will open a new window and display
the VPN log.
View Log
Adding a New Policy
1. To create a new VPN Policy, click the "Add" button on the VPN Policies screen.
This will start the VPN Wizard, as shown below.
Figure 47: VPN Wizard - Start
·
If you prefer to use a single setup screen instead of a Wizard, click the Setup
Screen button. This is recommended for experienced users only.
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·
Otherwise, click Next to continue. You will see a screen like the following.
Figure 48: VPN Wizard - General
General Settings
Enter a suitable name. This name is not supplied to the remote
VPN. It is used only to help you manage the policies.
Policy Name
Enable or disable the policy as required. For each remote VPN,
only 1 policy can be enabled at any time.
Enable Policy
The Internet IP address of the remote VPN endpoint (Gateway or
client).
Remote VPN
Endpoint
·
Dynamic. Select this if the Internet IP address is unknown. In
this case, only incoming connections are possible.
·
Fixed. Select this if the remote endpoint has a fixed Internet IP
address.
Select Manually assigned or IKE (Internet Key Exchange) as
required.
Keys
If you are setting up both endpoints, using IKE is recommended.
2. Click Next to continue. You will see a screen like the following:
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Figure 49: VPN Wizard - Traffic Selector
·
·
·
For outgoing VPN connections, these settings determine which traffic will cause a
VPN tunnel to be created, and which traffic will be sent through the tunnel.
For incoming VPN connections, these settings determine which systems on your
local LAN will be available to the remote endpoint.
The 2 VPN endpoints MUST use different address ranges.
If the addresses were in the same range, traffic intended for the remote VPN
would be considered local LAN traffic. So it would not be forwarded to the Gateway.
Local IP addresses
·
Any - no additional data is required. Any IP address is
acceptable.
Type
·
For outgoing connections, this allows any PC on the
LAN to use the VPN tunnel.
·
For incoming connections, this allows an PC using the
remote endpoint to access any PC on your LAN.
·
·
Single address - enter an IP address in the "Start IP
address" field.
Range address - enter the starting IP address in the "Start
IP address" field, and the finish IP address in the "Finish IP
address" field.
·
Subnet address - enter the desired IP address in the
"Start IP address" field, and the network mask in the "Sub-
net Mask" field.
The remote VPN must have these IP addresses entered as it's
"Remote" addresses.
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Remote IP addresses
·
Single address - enter an IP address in the "Start IP
address" field.
Type
·
Range address - enter the starting IP address in the "Start
IP address" field, and the finish IP address in the "Finish IP
address" field.
·
Subnet address - enter the desired IP address in the
"Start IP address" field, and the network mask in the "Sub-
net Mask" field.
The remote VPN should have these IP addresses entered as
it's "Local" addresses.
3. Click Next to continue. The screen you will see depends on whether you previously
selected "Manual Key Exchange" or "IKE".
Manual Key Exchange
Figure 50: VPN Wizard - Manual Key Exchange
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These settings must match the remote VPN. Note that you cannot use both AH and
ESP.
Manually assigned Keys
AH (Authentication Header) specifies the authentication
AH Authentication
protocol for the VPN header, if used. (AH is often NOT used)
If AH is not enabled, the following settings can be ignored.
Keys
·
The "in" key here must match the "out" key on the remote
VPN, and the "out" key here must match the "in" key on
the remote VPN.
·
·
·
Keys can be in ASCII or Hex (0..9 A..F)
For MD5, the keys should be 32 hex/16 ASCII characters.
For SHA-1, the keys should be 40 hex/20 ASCII charac-
ters.
SPI
·
·
Each SPI (Security Parameter Index) must be unique.
The "in" SPI here must match the "out" SPI on the remote
VPN, and the "out" SPI here must match the "in" SPI on
the remote VPN.
·
Each SPI should be at least 3 characters.
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) provides security for
the payload (data) sent through the VPN tunnel. Generally,
you will want to enable both Encryption and Authentication.
ESP Encryption
·
The "3DES" algorithm provides greater security than
"DES", but is slower.
·
The "in" key here must match the "out" key on the remote
VPN, and the "out" key here must match the "in" key on
the remote VPN.
Generally, you should enable ESP Authentication. There is
little difference between the available algorithms. Just ensure
each endpoint use the same setting.
ESP Authentica-
tion
·
The "in" key here must match the "out" key on the remote
VPN, and the "out" key here must match the "in" key on
the remote VPN.
·
·
·
Keys can be in ASCII or Hex (0..9 A..F)
For MD5, the keys should be 32 hex/16 ASCII characters.
For SHA-1, the keys should be 40 hex/20 ASCII charac-
ters.
ESP SPI
This is required if either ESP Encryption or ESP Authen-
tication is enabled.
·
·
Each SPI (Security Parameter Index) must be unique.
The "in" SPI here must match the "out" SPI on the remote
VPN, and the "out" SPI here must match the "in" SPI on
the remote VPN.
·
Each SPI should be at least 3 characters.
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For Manual Key Exchange, configuration is now complete.
·
·
Click "Next" to view the final screen.
On the final screen, click "Finish" to save your settings, then "Close" to exit the
Wizard.
IKE Phase 1
If you selected IKE, the following screen is displayed after the Traffic Selector screen.
Figure 51: VPN Wizard - IKE Phase 1
IKE Phase 1 (IKE SA)
Select the desired option:
Direction
·
Initiator - Only outgoing connections will be created.
Incoming connection attempts will be rejected.
·
Responder - Only incoming connections will be accepted.
Outgoing traffic which would otherwise result in a connec-
tion will be ignored.
·
Both Directions - Both incoming and outgoing connec-
tions are allowed.
This setting must match the "Remote Identity" on the remote
Local Identity
VPN. IP address is the more common method.
This setting must match the "Local Identity" on the remote
VPN.
Remote Identity
IP address is the more common method.
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·
·
RSA Signature requires that both VPN endpoints have
valid Certificates issued by a CA (Certification Authority).
Authentication
For Pre-shared key, enter the same key value in both
endpoints. The key should be at least 8 characters (maxi-
mum is 128 characters). Note that this key is used for the
IKE SA only. The keys used for the IPsec SA are automati-
cally generated.
Select the desired method, and ensure the remote VPN end-
point uses the same method. The "3DES" algorithm provides
greater security than "DES", but is slower.
Encryption
Select the desired option, and ensure the remote VPN endpoint
uses the same mode. Main Mode provides identity protection
for the hosts initiating the IPSec session, but takes slightly
longer to complete. Aggressive Mode provides no identity
protection, but is quicker.
IKE Exchange
Mode
This setting does not have to match the remote VPN endpoint;
the shorter time will be used. Although measured in seconds, it
is common to use time periods of several hours, such 28,800
seconds.
IKE SA Life Time
Select the desired method, and ensure the remote VPN end-
point uses the same method. The smaller bit size is slightly
faster.
DH Group
IKE PFS
If enabled, PFS (Perfect Forward Security) enhances security
by changing the IPsec key at regular intervals, and ensuring
that each key has no relationship to the previous key. Thus,
breaking 1 key will not assist in breaking the next key.
This setting should match the remote endpoint.
Click Next to see the following IKE Phase 2 screen.
Figure 52: VPN Wizard - IKE Phase 2
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IKE Phase 2 (IPsec SA)
This setting does not have to match the remote VPN end-
IPsec SA Life
Time
point; the shorter time will be used. Although measured in
seconds, it is common to use time periods of several hours,
such 28,800 seconds.
If enabled, PFS (Perfect Forward Security) enhances security
by changing the IPsec key at regular intervals, and ensuring
that each key has no relationship to the previous key. Thus,
breaking 1 key will not assist in breaking the next key.
IPSec PFS
AH (Authentication Header) specifies the authentication
protocol for the VPN header, if used.
AH Authentication
AH is often NOT used. If you do enable it, ensure the algo-
rithm selected matches the other VPN endpoint.
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) provides security for
the payload (data) sent through the VPN tunnel. Generally,
you will want to enable both ESP Encryption and ESP Authen-
tication.
ESP Encryption
Select the desired method, and ensure the remote VPN
endpoint uses the same method. The "3DES" algorithm
provides greater security than "DES", but is slower.
Generally, you should enable ESP Authentication. There is
little difference between the available algorithms. Just ensure
each endpoint use the same setting.
ESP Authentica-
tion
For IKE, configuration is now complete.
·
·
Click "Next" to view the final screen.
On the final screen, click "Finish" to save your settings, then "Close" to exit the
Wizard.
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Examples
This section describes some examples of using VRT-401 in common VPN situations.
Example 1: Connecting 2 VRT-401s
In this example, 2 LANs are connected via VPN.
Figure 53: Connecting 2 VRT-401s
Note
·
·
The LANs MUST use different IP address ranges.
Both endpoints have fixed WAN (Internet) IP addresses.
Configuration Settings
Setting
LAN A Gateway LAN B Gateway Notes
Name
Policy 1
Policy 1
Name does not affect
operation. Select a
meaningful name.
Remote Endpoint
205.17.11.43
Any
202.11.13.211
Any
Other endpoint's WAN
(Internet) IP address.
Local
IP addresses
Use a more restrictive
definition if possible.
Remote
IP addresses
192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.254
192.168.0.1 to
192.168.0.254
Address range on other
endpoint.
Use a more restrictive
definition if possible.
Key Exchange
IKE
IKE
Must match
IKE SA Parameters
IKE Direction
Both ways
Both ways
Does not have to match.
Either endpoint can
block 1 direction.
Local Identity
IP address
IP address
IP address is the most
common ID method
Remote Identity
IP address
IP address
IP address is the most
common ID method
IKE Authentica-
tion method
Pre-shared Key
Pre-shared Key
Certificates are not
widely used.
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Pre-shared Key
Xxxxxxxxxx
MD5
Xxxxxxxxxx
MD5
Must match
Must match
IKE Authentica-
tion algorithm
IKE Encryption
DES
DES
Must match
Must match
IKE Exchange
mode
Main Mode
Main Mode
DH Group
Group 1 (768
bit)
Group 1 (768
bit)
Must match
IKE SA Life time
28800
28800
Does not have to match.
Shorter period will be
used.
IKE PFS
Disable
Disable
28800
Must match
IPSec SA Parameters
IPSec SA Life
time
28800
Does not have to match.
Shorter period will be
used.
IPSec PFS
Disabled
Disabled
Must match
AH authentication Disabled
Disabled
AH is rarely used
Must match
ESP authentica-
tion
Enable/MD5
Enable/MD5
ESP encryption
Enable/DES
Enable/DES
Must match
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Example 2: Windows 2000/XP Client to LAN
In this example, a Windows 2000/XP client connects to VRT-401 and gains access to
the local LAN.
Figure 54: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-401
To use 3DES encryption, you need Service Pack
3 or later installed on Windows 2000.
VRT-401 Configuration
Setting
Value
Notes
Name
Win Client
Name does not affect operation. Select a
meaningful name.
Remote Endpoint
172.16.9.10
Other endpoint's WAN (Internet) IP ad-
dress.
Local
IP addresses
Subnet address:
192.168.0.0
Allows access to entire LAN. Use a more
restrictive definition if possible.
255.255.255.0
Remote
IP addresses
172.16.9.10
IKE
For a single client, this is the same as the
Gateway.
Key Exchange
IKE SA Parameters
IKE Direction
Must match
Responder
IP address
Only want to accept client connections.
Required.
Local Identity
Remote Identity
IP address
Required
IKE Authentica-
tion method
Pre-shared Key
Certificates are not widely used.
Pre-shared Key
Xxxxxxxxxx
SHA-1
Must match client PC
Must match client PC
IKE Authentica-
tion algorithm
IKE Encryption
3DES
Must match client PC
Must match client PC
IKE Exchange
Main Mode
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mode
DH Group
IKE SA Life time
Group 1 (768 bit)
28800
Must match client PC
Does not have to match client PC. Shorter
period will be used.
IKE PFS
Disable
Must match client PC
IPSec SA Parameters
IPSec SA Life
time
28800
Do not have to match. Shorter period will
be used.
IPSec PFS
Disable
Must match client PC
AH is rarely used
AH authentication Disabled
ESP authentica-
tion
Enable/MD5
Must match client PC
ESP encryption
Enable/DES
Must match client PC
Windows Client Configuration
1. Select Start - Programs - Administrative Tools - Local Security Policy.
2. Right click IP Security Policy on Local Machine and select Create IP Security
Policy
Figure 55: Windows 2000/XP - Local Security Settings
3. Click "Next", then enter a policy name, for example "DUT To Win2K", then click
"Next".
4. Step through the Wizard:
·
·
Deselect Activate the default response rule. Click "Next",
Leave Edit Properties checked. Click "Finish".
5. The following "Properties - Rules" screen will be displayed.
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Figure 56: Windows 2000/XP - Policy Properties
·
·
Note that no rules are in use. Two 2 rules are required - incoming and outgo-
ing.
The outgoing rule will be added first.
6. Deselect the "Use Add Wizard" checkbox, then click "Add" to view the screen
below.
Figure 57: IP Filter List
7. Type "To DUT" for the name, then click "Add" to see a screen like the following.
·
Since this is the outing filter, the Source IP address is "My IP address" and the
Destination IP address is the address range used on the remote LAN.
·
Ensure the Mirrored option is checked.
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Figure 58: Filter Properties: Addressing
8. Enter the Source IP address and the Destination IP address.
·
Since this is the outing filter, the Source IP address is "My IP address" and the
Destination IP address is the address range used on the remote LAN.
·
Ensure the Mirrored option is checked.
9. Click "OK" to save your settings and close this dialog.
Figure 59: New Rule Properties: IP Filter List
10. On the resulting screen (above), ensure the "To DUT" filter is selected, then click
the Filter Action tab to see a screen like the following
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Figure 60: New Rule Properties: Filter Action
11. Select Require Security, then click the "Edit" button, to view the Require Security
Properties screen.
Figure 61: Require Security Properties
12. Select Negotiate security (this selects IKE), then click "Add".
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Figure 62: Modify Security Method
13. On the resulting screen (above), select High [ESP] then click "OK" to save your
changes and return to the Require Security Properties screen.
Figure 63: Require Security Properties
14. Ensure the following settings are correct, then click "OK" to return to the Filter
Action tab of the Edit Rule Properties screen.
VPN Setting
Windows Setting
IKE enabled
Negotiate security
AH disabled
AH Integrity: <None>
ESP Confidentially: DES
ESP Integrity: MD5
ESP encryption: Enable/DES
ESP authentication: Enable/MD5
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15. Click the Tunnel Setting tab, then select The tunnel endpoint is specified by this IP
address. Enter the WAN (Internet) IP address of VRT-401, as shown below.
Figure 64: Tunnel Setting
16. Click the Authentication Methods tab, then click the "Edit" to see the screen like
the example below.
Figure 65: Authentication Method
17. Select Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), then enter your
preshared key in the field provided.
18. Click "OK" to save your changes and return to the Authentication Methods tab of
the Edit Rule Properties screen.
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19. Click "Close" to return to the DUT to Win2K properties screen. The "To DUT" filter
should now be listed, as shown below.
Figure 66: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-401
20. To add the second (outgoing) rule, click "Add". For the name, enter "To Win2K",
then click "Add".
Figure 67: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-401
21. Enter the Source IP address and the Destination IP address as shown below.
·
Since this is the incoming filter, the Source IP address is the address range
used on the remote LAN and the Destination IP address is "My IP address".
·
Ensure the Mirrored option is checked.
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Figure 68: Filter Properties: Addressing
22. Click "OK" to save your changes, then "Close".
Figure 69: Filter List
23. Ensure the "To Win2K" filter is selected, then click the Filter Action tab.
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Figure 70: Filter Action
24. Select Require Security, then click "Edit". On the Require Security Methods screen
below, select Negotiate security.
Figure 71: Security Methods
25. Click the "Add" button. On the resulting Modify Security Method screen below,
select High [ESP].
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Figure 72: Modify Security Method
26. Click "OK" to save your changes, then click "OK" again to return to the Filter Action
screen.
27. Select the Tunnel Setting tab, and enter the WAN (Internet) IP address of this PC
(172.10..9.10 in this example).
Figure 73: Tunnel Setting
28. Select the Authentication Methods tab, and click the "Edit" button to see the screen
below.
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Figure 74: Authentication Method
29. Select Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), then enter your
preshared key in the field provided.
30. Click "OK" to save your settings, then "Close" to return to the DUT to Win2K Prop-
erties screen. There should now be 2 IP Filers listed, as shown below.
Figure 75: DUT to Win2K Properties
31. Select the General tab.
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Figure 76: Properties - General Tab
32. Click the "Advanced" button to see the screen below.
Figure 77: Key Exchange Settings
33. Click the "Methods" button to see the screen below.
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Figure 78: Key Exchange Security Methods
34. Select the first entry, and click the "Edit" button to see the following screen.
Figure 79: IKE Security Algorithms
35. Select "SHA1" for Integrity Algorithm, "3DES" for Encryption algorithm, and
"Low(1)" for the Diffie-Hellman Group.
36. Click "OK" to save, then "OK" again, and then "Close" to return to the Local Secu-
rity Settings screen.
37. Right click the DUT to Win2K Policy and select "Assign" to make your policy active.
Figure 80: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-401
Configuration is now complete.
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Example 3: Windows 2000 Server to VPN Gateway
In this example, a Windows 2000 Server connects to VRT-401. Users on each LAN
can then gain access to the remote LAN.
Figure 81: VRT-401 to Windows 2000 Server
VRT-401 Configuration
This is the same as for the client setup earlier, with the exception of the IP address
range for the remote endpoint.
Setting
Single Client
Server/Gateway
Remote
IP addresses
172.16.9.10
Subnet address:
11.5.0.0
255.255.0.0
For a single client, this is
the same as the Gateway
address
Address range used on the remote
LAN.
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Windows 2000 Server Configuration
Configuration is the same as for Example 2: Windows 2000/XP Client to except for
specifying the Source and Destination addresses for the "Filter Properties". Instead, for
both IP Filters, the Filter Properties- Addressing should be completed as follows.
Figure 82: Windows 2000 Server - Addressing
·
·
The Source Address should be set to "A specific IP Subnet", and the IP address
and Subnet mask set to the address range used on VRT-401's LAN.
The Destination Address should be set to "A specific IP Subnet", and the IP ad-
dress and Subnet mask set to the address range used on the Windows 2000 LAN.
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Using Certificates
Certificates are used to authenticate users. Certificates are issued to you by various
CAs (Certification Authorities). These Certificates are called "Self Certificates".
Each CA also issues a certificate to itself. This Certificate is required in order to vali-
date communication with the CA. These certificates are called "Trusted Certificates."
The Certificates screen lists both the Trusted Certificate - the certificates of each CA
itself - and Self Certificates - the certificates issued to you.
Figure 83: Certificates Screen
Trusted Certificates
The "Subject Name" is always the company or person to whom
the Certificate is issued. For trusted certificates, this will be a
CA.
Subject Name
(CA)
The CA (Certification Authority) which issued the Certificate.
Issuer Name
Expiry Time
The date on which the Certificate expires. You should renew
the Certificate before it expires.
Use this button to delete a Trusted Certificate. Select the
checkbox in the Delete column for any Certificates you wish to
delete, then click the "Delete" button.
Delete button
Self Certificates
Name
The name you assigned to this Certificate. You should select a
name which helps to identify this particular certificate.
The company or person to whom the Certificate is issued.
The CA (Certification Authority) which issued the Certificate.
Subject Name
Issuer Name
Expiry Time
The date on which the Certificate expires. You should renew
the Certificate before it expires.
Use this button to delete a Self Certificate. Select the checkbox
in the Delete column for any Certificates you wish to delete,
then click the "Delete" button.
Delete button
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Adding a Trusted Certificate
1. After obtaining a new Certificate from the CA, you need to upload it to VRT-401.
2. On the "Certificates" screen, click the "Add Trusted Certificate" button to view the
Add Trusted Certificate screen, shown below.
Figure 84: Add Trusted Certificate
3. Click the "Browse" button, and locate the certificate file on your PC
4. Select the file. The name will appear in the "Certificate File" field.
5. Click "Upload" to upload the certificate file to VRT-401.
6. Click "Back" to return to the Trusted Certificate list. The new Certificate will appear
in the list.
Adding a Self Certificate
This process is different to obtaining a Trusted Certificate. VRT-401 must generate a
request for the CA. You cannot request a Certificate directly. The correct procedure is
as follows:
1. On the "Certificates" screen, click the "Add Self Certificate" button to view the first
screen of the Add Self Certificate procedure, shown below.
Figure 85: Add Self Certificate (1)
2. Complete this screen.
Enter a name which helps to identify this particular
certificate. This name is only for your reference.
Name
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VPN
This is the name which other organizations will see as
Subject Name
the Holder (owner) of this Certificate. This should be
your registered business name or official company
name. Generally, all Certificates should have the same
value in the Subject field.
Select the desired option.
Hash Algorithm
Select the desired option. RSA is recommended.
Signature Algorithm
Select the desired option. Normally, 1024 bits provides
adequate security.
Signature Key
Length
3. Click "Next" to continue to the following screen.
Figure 86: Add Self Certificate (2)
4. Check that the data displayed in the Certificate Details section is correct. This data
is used to generate the Certificate request. If the data is not correct, click the
"Back" button and correct the previous screen.
5. If the data is correct, copy the text in the Data to supply to CA panel to the clip-
board.
6. Apply for a Certificate:
·
·
·
Connect to the CA's web site.
Start the Self Certificate request procedure.
When prompted for the request data, copy this data (including "-----BEGIN
CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----" and "-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----")
from this screen to the CA's form.
·
·
Submit the CA's form.
If there are no problems, the Certificate will then be issued.
7. After obtaining a new Certificate, as described above, you need to upload it VRT-
401. Click the "Next" button to see the screen below.
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Figure 87: Add Self Certificate (3)
8. Upload the Certificate:
·
·
·
·
Click the "Browse" button, and locate the certificate file on your PC
Select the file. The name will appear in the "Certificate File" field.
Click "Upload" to upload the certificate file to VRT-401.
Click "Finished" to return to the Certificate list. The new Certificate will appear
in the list.
CRLs
CRLs are only necessary if using Certificates.
CRL (Certificate Revocation List) files show Certificates which have been revoked, and
are no longer valid. Each CA issues their own CRLs.
It is VERY IMPORTANT to keep your CRLs up-to-date. You need to obtain the CRL for
each CA regularly. The "Next Update" field in the CRL shows when the next update will
be available.
To add a New CRL
1. Obtain the CRL file from your CA.
2. Select CRL from the VPN menu. You will see a screen like the example below.
Figure 88: Certificate Revocation Lists
3. Click the "Add New CRL" button. You will see a screen like the following:
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VPN
Figure 89: Upload CRL
4. Upload the CRL file:
·
·
·
·
Click the "Browse" button, and locate the CRL file on your PC
Select the file. The name will appear in the "File to Upload" field.
Click "Upload" to upload the CRL file to VRT-401.
Click "Back" to return to the CRL list. The new CRL will appear in the list.
5. Use the "Delete" button to delete the previous (now outdated) CRL.
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Chapter 9
Other Features and Settings
This Chapter explains the screens and settings available via the
"Miscellaneous" menu.
Overview
Normally, it is not necessary to use these screens, or change any settings. These
screens and settings are provided to deal with non-standard situations, or to provide
additional options for advanced users.
The screens available are:
This is the list of PCs shown when you select the "DMZ PC",
"Virtual Server", or "Internet Application". This database is main-
tained automatically, but you can add and delete entries for PCs
which use a Fixed (Static) IP Address.
PC Database
This feature allows you to manage VRT-401 via the Internet.
Remote
Administra-
tion
Only required if your LAN has other Routers or Gateways.
Routing
The firmware (software) in VRT-401 can be upgraded using your
Web Browser.
Firmware
Upgrade
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic discovery and
configuration of VRT-401
UPNP
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Other Features and Settings
PC Database
The PC Database is used whenever you need to select a PC (e.g. for the "DMZ" PC).
It eliminates the need to enter IP addresses. Also, you do not need to use fixed IP
addresses on your LAN.
PC Database Screen
An example PC Database screen is shown below.
Figure 90: PC Database
·
·
·
PCs which are "DHCP Clients" are automatically added to the database, and
updated as required.
By default, non-Server versions of Windows act as "DHCP Clients"; this setting is
called "Obtain an IP Address automatically".
VRT-401 uses the "Hardware Address" to identify each PC, not the name or IP
address. The "Hardware Address" can only change if you change the PC's network
card or adapter.
·
This system means you do NOT need to use Fixed (static) IP addresses on your
LAN. However, you can add PCs using Fixed (static) IP Addresses to the PC da-
tabase if required.
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Data - PC Database Screen
This lists all current entries. Data displayed is name (IP Address)
Known PCs
type. The "type" indicates whether the PC is connected to the
LAN.
If adding a new PC to the list, enter its name here. It is best if this
matches the PC's "hostname".
Name
Enter the IP Address of the PC. The PC will be sent a "ping" to
determine its hardware address. If the PC is not available (not
connected, or not powered On) you will not be able to add it.
IP Address
Buttons
Add
This will add the new PC to the list. The PC will be sent a "ping"
to determine its hardware address. If the PC is not available (not
connected, or not powered On) you will not be able to add it.
Delete the selected PC from the list. This should be done in 2
situations:
Delete
·
·
The PC has been removed from your LAN.
The entry is incorrect.
Update the data on screen.
Refresh
Display a read-only list showing full details of all entries in the PC
database.
Generate Re-
port
View the Advanced version of the PC database screen. See
Advanced
below for details.
Administration
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Other Features and Settings
PC Database (Admin)
This screen is displayed if the "Advanced Administration" button on the PC Database
is clicked. It provides more control than the standard PC Database screen.
Figure 91: PC Database (Admin)
Data - PC Database ( Admin) Screen
This lists all current entries. Data displayed is name (IP Address)
type. The "type" indicates whether the PC is connected to the
LAN.
Known PCs
PC Properties
Name
If adding a new PC to the list, enter its name here. It is best if this
matches the PC's "hostname".
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VRT-401 User Manual
Select the appropriate option:
IP Address
·
Automatic - The PC is set to be a DHCP client (Windows:
"Obtain an IP address automatically"). VRT-401 will allocate
an IP address to this PC when requested to do so. The IP
address could change, but normally won't.
·
DCHP Client - Reserved IP Address - Select this if the PC
is set to be a DCHP client, and you wish to guarantee that
VRT-401 will always allocate the same IP Address to this
PC.
Enter the required IP address. Only the last field is required;
the other fields must match VRT-401’s IP address.
·
Fixed IP Address - Select this if the PC is using a Fixed
(Static) IP address. Enter the IP address allocated to the PC.
(The PC must be configured to use this IP address.)
Select the appropriate option
MAC Address
·
Automatic discovery - Select this to have VRT-401 contact
the PC and find its MAC address. This is only possible if the
PC is connected to the LAN and powered On.
·
MAC is - Enter the MAC address on the PC. The MAC
address is also called the "Hardware Address", "Physical
Address", or "Network Adapter Address". VRT-401 uses this
to provide a unique identifier for each PC. Because of this,
the MAC address can NOT be left blank.
Buttons
Add a new PC to the list, using the data in the "Properties" box.
If "Automatic discovery" (for MAC address) is selected, the PC
will be sent a "ping" to determine its hardware address. This will
fail unless the PC is connected to the LAN, and powered on.
Add as New
Entry
Update (modify) the selected PC, using the data in the "Proper-
ties" box.
Update Se-
lected PC
Clear the "Properties" box, ready for entering data for a new PC.
Update the data on screen.
Clear Form
Refresh
Display a read-only list showing full details of all entries in the PC
database.
Generate Re-
port
Click this to view the standard "PC Database" screen.
Standard
Screen
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Other Features and Settings
Remote Administration
This feature allows you to manage VRT-401 via the Internet.
Figure 92: Remote Administration Screen
Data - Remote Administration Screen
Remote Administration
Enable to allow administration via the Internet. If Disabled, this
device will ignore management connection attempts from the
Internet.
Enable Remote
Administration
Enter a port number between 1024 and 65535 (8080 is rec-
ommended). This port number must be specified when you
connect (see below).
Port Number
Note: The default port number for HTTP (Web) connections is
port 80, but using port 80 here will prevent the use of a Web
"Virtual Server" on your LAN. (See Advanced Internet - Virtual
Servers)
You must use this IP Address to connect (see below).
Current
IP Address
This IP Address is allocated by your ISP. But if using a Dy-
namic IP Address, this value can change each time you
connect to your ISP. So it is better if your ISP allocates you a
Fixed IP Address.
To connect from a remote PC via the Internet
1. Ensure your Internet connection is established, and start your Web Browser.
2. In the "Address" bar, enter "HTTP://" followed by the Internet IP Address of VRT-
401. If the port number is not 80, the port number is also required. (After the IP
Address, enter ":" followed by the port number.)
e.g.
This example assumes the WAN IP Address is 123.123.123.123, and the port number
is 8080.
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VRT-401 User Manual
Routing
Overview
·
·
·
If you don't have other Routers or Gateways on your LAN, you can ignore the
"Routing" page completely.
If VRT-401 is only acting as a Gateway for the local LAN segment, ignore the
"Routing" page even if your LAN has other Routers.
If your LAN has a standard Router (e.g. Cisco) on your LAN, and VRT-401 is to act
as a Gateway for all LAN segments, enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
and ignore the Static Routing table.
·
·
If your LAN has other Gateways and Routers, and you wish to control which LAN
segments use each Gateway, do NOT enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol).
Configure the Static Routing table instead. (You also need to configure the other
Routers.)
If using Windows 2000 Data center Server as a software Router, enable RIP on
VRT-401, and ensure the following Windows 2000 settings are correct:
·
·
Open Routing and Remote Access
In the console tree, select Routing and Remote Access , [server name], IP
Routing, RIP
·
·
In the "Details" pane, right-click the interface you want to configure for RIP
version 2, and then click "Properties".
On the "General" tab, set Outgoing packet protocol to "RIP version 2 broad-
cast", and Incoming packet protocol to "RIP version 1 and 2".
Routing Screen
The routing table is accessed by the Routing link on the Other screen.
Using this Screen
Generally, you will use either RIP (Routing Information Protocol) OR the Static Routing
Table, as explained above, although is it possible to use both methods simultaneously.
Static Routing Table
·
If RIP is not used, an entry in the routing table is required for each LAN segment
on your Network, other than the segment to which this device is attached.
·
The other Routers must also be configured. See Configuring Other Routers on
your LAN later in this chapter for further details and an example.
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Other Features and Settings
Figure 93: Routing Screen
Data - Routing Screen
RIP
Check this to enable the RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
feature of VRT-401.
Enable RIP
VRT-401 supports RIP 1 only.
Static Routing
This list shows all entries in the Routing Table.
Static Routing
Table Entries
·
The "Properties" area shows details of the selected item in
the list.
·
Change any the properties as required, then click the
"Update" button to save the changes to the selected entry.
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VRT-401 User Manual
·
Destination Network - The network address of the remote
LAN segment. For standard class "C" LANs, the network
address is the first 3 fields of the Destination IP Address.
The 4th (last) field can be left at 0.
Properties
·
·
Network Mask - The Network Mask for the remote LAN
segment. For class "C" networks, the default mask is
255.255.255.0
Gateway IP Address - The IP Address of the Gateway or
Router which VRT-401 must use to communicate with the
destination above. (NOT the router attached to the remote
segment.)
·
Metric - The number of "hops" (routers) to pass through to
reach the remote LAN segment. The shortest path will be
used. The default value is 1.
Buttons
Save
Save the RIP setting. This has no effect on the Static Routing
Table.
Add a new entry to the Static Routing table, using the data
shown in the "Properties" area on screen. The entry selected in
the list is ignored, and has no effect.
Add
Update the current Static Routing Table entry, using the data
shown in the "Properties" area on screen.
Update
Delete the current Static Routing Table entry.
Delete
Clear all data from the "Properties" area, ready for input of a
new entry for the Static Routing table.
Clear Form
Generate a read-only list of all entries in the Static Routing
table.
Generate Report
Configuring Other Routers on your LAN
It is essential that all IP packets for devices not on the local LAN be passed to VRT-
401, so that they can be forwarded to the external LAN, WAN, or Internet. To achieve
this, the local LAN must be configured to use VRT-401 as the Default Route or Default
Gateway.
Local Router
The local router is the Router installed on the same LAN segment as VRT-401. This
router requires that the Default Route is VRT-401 itself. Typically, routers have a
special entry for the Default Route. It should be configured as follows.
Normally 0.0.0.0, but check your router documenta-
tion.
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
Normally 0.0.0.0, but check your router documenta-
tion.
The IP Address of VRT-401.
1
Gateway IP Address
Metric
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Other Features and Settings
Other Routers on the Local LAN
Other routers on the local LAN must use VRT-401’s Local Router as the Default Route.
The entries will be the same as VRT-401’s local router, with the exception of the
Gateway IP Address.
·
For a router with a direct connection to VRT-401’s local Router, the Gateway IP
Address is the address of VRT-401’s local router.
·
For routers which must forward packets to another router before reaching VRT-
401’s local router, the Gateway IP Address is the address of the intermediate
router.
Static Routing - Example
Figure 94: Routing Example
For VRT-401’s Routing Table
For the LAN shown above, with 2 routers and 3 LAN segments, VRT-401 requires 2
entries as follows.
Entry 1 (Segment 1)
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
192.168.1.0
255.255.255.0 (Standard Class C)
Gateway IP Address
192.168.0.100 (VRT-401’s local Router)
2
Metric
Entry 2 (Segment 2)
Destination IP Address
192.168.2.0
Network Mask
Gateway IP Address
Metric
255.255.255.0 (Standard Class C)
192.168.0.100
3
For Router A's Default Route
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Gateway IP Address
192.168.0.1 (VRT-401’s IP Address)
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VRT-401 User Manual
For Router B's Default Route
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Gateway IP Address
192.168.1.80 (VRT-401’s local router)
Firmware Upgrade
The firmware (software) in VRT-401 can be upgraded using your Web Browser.
You must first download the upgrade file, then select Upgrade on the Other menu. You
will see a screen like the following.
Figure 95: Upgrade Firmware Screen
To perform the Firmware Upgrade:
1. Click the "Browse" button and navigate to the location of the upgrade file.
2. Select the upgrade file. It's name will appear in the Upgrade File field.
3. Click the "Start Upgrade" button to commence the firmware upgrade.
VRT-401 is unavailable during the upgrade process,
and must restart when the upgrade is completed.
Any connections to or through VRT-401 will be lost.
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Other Features and Settings
UPNP
An example UPNP screen is shown below.
Figure 96: UPNP Screen
Data - UPNP Screen
UPnP
·
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic discovery
and configuration of equipment attached to your LAN. UPnP
is by supported by Windows ME, XP, or later.
Enable UPnP
Services
·
·
·
If Enabled, this device will be visible via UPnP.
If Disabled, this device will not be visible via UPnP.
If checked, then UPnP users can change the configuration.
Allow Configu-
ration...
·
If Disabled, UPnP users can only view the configuration. But
currently, this restriction only applies to users running Win-
dows XP, who access the Properties via UPnP. (e.g. Right -
click VRT-401 in My Network Places, and select Properties)
·
·
If checked, then UPnP users can disable Internet access via
this device.
Allow Internet
access to be
disabled
If Disabled, UPnP users can NOT disable Internet access via
this device. But currently, this restriction only applies to users
running Windows XP, who access the Properties via UPnP.
(e.g. Right - click VRT-401 in My Network Places, and select
Properties)
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Appendix A
Troubleshooting
This Appendix covers the most likely problems and their solutions.
Overview
This chapter covers some common problems that may be encountered while using
VRT-401 and some possible solutions to them. If you follow the suggested steps and
VRT-401 still does not function properly, contact your dealer for further advice.
General Problems
Problem 1: Can't connect to VRT-401 to configure it.
Check the following:
Solution 1:
·
·
·
·
VRT-401 is properly installed, LAN connections are OK, and it is
powered ON.
Ensure that your PC and VRT-401 are on the same network
segment. (If you don't have a router, this must be the case.)
If your PC is set to "Obtain an IP Address automatically" (DHCP
client), restart it.
If your PC uses a Fixed (Static) IP address, ensure that it is using
an IP Address within the range 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254 and
thus compatible with VRT-401’s default IP Address of
192.168.0.1.
Also, the Network Mask should be set to 255.255.255.0 to match
VRT-401.
In Windows, you can check these settings by using Control
Panel-Network to check the Properties for the TCP/IP protocol.
Internet Access
Problem 1: When I enter a URL or IP address I get a time out error.
A number of things could be causing this. Try the following trouble-
shooting steps.
Solution 1:
·
·
·
Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your PCs IP
settings are correct. If using a Fixed (Static) IP Address, check
the Network Mask, Default gateway and DNS as well as the IP
Address.
If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check
VRT-401. Ensure that it is connected and ON. Connect to it and
check its settings. (If you can't connect to it, check the LAN and
power connections.)
If VRT-401 is configured correctly, check your Internet connection
(DSL/Cable modem etc) to see that it is working correctly.
Problem 2: Some applications do not run properly when using VRT-401.
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Appendix A - Troubleshooting
VRT-401 processes the data passing through it, so it is not transpar-
ent.
Solution 2:
Use the Special Applications feature to allow the use of Internet
applications which do not function correctly.
If this does solve the problem you can use the DMZ function. This
should work with almost every application, but:
·
·
It is a security risk, since the firewall is disabled.
Only one (1) PC can use this feature.
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Appendix B
Specifications
VRT-401
Model
VRT-401
Dimensions
170mm(W) * 147mm(D) * 27mm(H)
0° C to 40° C
Operating Tempera-
ture
Storage Temperature
Network Protocol:
Network Interface:
-10° C to 70° C
TCP/IP, NAT, DHCP, HTTP, DNS, PAP, CHAP, TFTP
6 Ethernet:
4 * 10/100BaseT (RJ45) LAN connection
1 * 10/100BaseT (RJ45) for WAN
1 * 10/100BaseT (RJ45) for DMZ
LEDs
14
Power Adapter
12 V DC External
FCC Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following
measures:
·
·
·
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
·
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
To assure continued compliance, any changes or modifications not expressly ap-
proved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to
operate this equipment. (Example - use only shielded interface cables when connect-
ing to computer or peripheral devices).
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Appendix B - Specifications
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncon-
trolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum
distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the follow-
ing two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other
antenna or transmitter.
CE Marking Warning
This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio
interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
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