Nikon Scanner LS 4500AF User Manual

Niko n  
Film Sc a nne r  
LS-4500AF  
Use rs Ma nua l  
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Film Scanner  
LS-4500AF  
User’s Manual  
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Cautions  
The reproduction of all or part of this manual without our permission is  
prohibited.  
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without  
notice.  
We have made every effort to produce a perfect manual, but should you  
find any mistakes, we would be grateful if you would kindly let us  
know.  
We cannot assume any responsibility for consequences resulting from  
the operation of this product, despite the terms mentioned above.  
Trademark Information  
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.  
Microsoft is a registered trademark and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft  
Corporation.  
IBM PC/AT is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.  
Other brand or product names are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their  
respective holders.  
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Indication  
The  
indications in this manual signify important safety precautions.  
In order to use this product safely, please read every section where these  
indications are placed before beginning operation, this product. These  
indications are also placed in the table of contents so users can find them  
easily.  
Indication  
The  
indications in this manual signify the need for caution when using  
the products. These indications are placed in sections that should be read  
by users before beginning operation, in order to avoid damage to the  
product.  
Nikon  
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Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio  
Frequency Interference Statement  
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a  
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits  
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference  
in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can  
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance  
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communica-  
tions. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a  
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to  
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the  
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interfer-  
ence by one or more of the following measures:  
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.  
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.  
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to  
which the receiver is connected.  
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.  
CAUTION  
Modifications  
The FCC requires the user to be notified that any changes or modifications  
made to this device that are not expressly approved by Nikon Corporation  
may void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.  
SCSI Cable  
Please use the SCSI cable listed on page 5 in the user’s Manual supplied  
with the scanner. Using other interface cables may exceed the limits of the  
class B Part 15 of FCC rules.  
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Notice for customers in Canada  
This class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian  
interference Causing Equipment Regulations.  
ATTENTION  
Cet appareil numérique de la class B respecte toutes les exigences du  
Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.  
Notice for customers in European countries  
ACHTUNG  
Dieses Gerät entspricht den Bestimmungen der EG-Direktive 87/308/EEC  
zur Störungsunterdrückung. Lärmemission kleiner 70 dBA  
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Safety Precautions  
To ensure safe and proper use of the LS-4500AF, and to prevent problems,  
please take special note of the following points:  
Be sure to use an AC100V-120V/AC 200V - 240V, 50/60Hz power  
supply. The power cord should be changed to suit the power voltage.  
When using a power voltage of more than AC 125V:  
Use a power cord that meets the safety standards of the country in  
which it is used with insulation of at least SVT type and more than  
AWG18 in thickness, and a plug with an AC 250V, 15A rating (NEMA  
6P-15.  
When using a power voltage of AC 125V or less:  
Use a power cord that meets the safety standards of the country in  
which it is used with insulation of at least SVT type and more than  
AWG18 in thickness, and a plug with an AC 125V, 10A rating.  
Make sure that the electrical outlet of the power supply is grounded.  
Use the same grounding route used for other equipment connected to  
the LS-4500AF. Unless common grounding is used, a ground loop will  
occur, which will result in noise static and the danger of an electric  
shock.  
*The shape of the plug depends  
on the country of use.  
Do not ground the equipment to a gas or water pipe.  
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When plugging in or unplugging the power cord, be sure to touch only  
the plug.  
*The shape of the plug depends  
on the country of use.  
Do not pull or bend the SCSI cable, as this can cause the cable to break.  
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Do not connect or remove peripheral equipment while the power is on.  
Do not unplug the power cord while the power is on.  
Do not move the unit while the power is on.  
Once the power has been turned off, wait at least five seconds before  
turning on again.  
On no account disassemble the unit. The high voltage parts inside the  
unit can cause an electric shock.  
Do not insert any foreign object into the unit. If any flammable object,  
metal, or water comes into contact with the internal components of the  
unit, failure, fire, and/or an electric shock may result.  
Avoid harsh substances such as alcohol, benzine, thinner, or pesticides,  
as failure, fire, and/or an electric shock may result.  
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Do not subject the unit to any strong shocks. This can cause breakage  
and failure.  
Do not place heavy objects (weighing 11lbs (5kg) or more) on the unit.  
11 lbs  
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If You Notice Anything Abnormal  
If you notice any unusual noise, odor or smoke, switch the unit off immedi-  
ately and disconnect the power cord and the SCSI cable. Contact your  
retailer or Nikon sales representative in your country.  
Storage and Operating Locations  
Proper storage will ensure the long life of the unit. In order to prevent dust  
accumulating internally, it is recommended that an appropriate cover be  
used when storing the unit.  
Do not store or use where:  
The temperature is above 95°F (35°C) or below 50°F (10°C), the  
temperature changes drastically, or condensation occurs.  
The humidity exceeds 80%.  
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The Unit is exposed to direct sunlight.  
The atmosphere is excessively dusty.  
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The Unit may be subjected to excessive vibration or physical shocks.  
The Unit is exposed to noise from other equipment nearby.  
Leave sufficient space around the unit to ensure that the ventilation slots  
are not blocked. Blocking these slots may cause internal heat build-up.  
Place the unit on a level and stable surface for operation. If operated in any  
other way, problems will occur.  
Nikon  
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Precautions When Inserting the Film Holder  
Caution  
On no account put your fingers inside the door of the film loading slot, as  
they may be caught and injured by the internal mechanism.  
Achtung  
Wegen Einklemm- und Verletzungsgefahr durch die interne Mechanik auf  
keinen Fall die Finger in die Tür des Filmladeschlitzes bringen.  
Attention  
En aucun cas ne placez un doigt dans la trappe de la fente de chargement  
du film car le mécanisme interne pourrait vous blesser.  
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When Taking the Unit Out of The Country  
The use of this product may violate local laws and restrictions in some  
countries. If this is the case, we cannot assume any responsibility for  
violations resulting from the use of this product.  
Nikon  
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Notice concerning prohibition of copying or reproduction  
Note that simply being in possession of material which has been copied or  
reproduced by means of a scanner may be punishable by law.  
Items prohibited by law from being copied or reproduced  
Do not copy or reproduce paper money, coins, securities, government  
bonds, or local government bonds, even if such copies or reproductions  
are stamped “Sample”.  
The copying or reproduction of paper money, coins, or securities which  
are circulated in a foreign country is prohibited.  
The copying or reproduction of unused postage stamps or post cards  
issued by the government without obtaining approval from the govern-  
ment is prohibited.  
The copying or reproduction of stamps issued by the government and  
certified documents stipulated by law is prohibited.  
Cautions on certain copies and reproductions  
The government has issued cautions on copies or reproductions of  
securities issued by private companies (shares, bills, checks, gift  
certificates, etc.), commuter passes, or coupon tickets, except when a  
minimum of necessary copies are to be provided for business use by a  
company. Also, do not copy or reproduce passports issued by the  
government, licenses issued by public agencies and private groups, ID  
cards, and tickets, such as passes and meal coupons.  
Comply with copyright notices  
The copying or reproduction of works such as books, music, paintings,  
woodcut prints, maps, drawings, movies, and photographs which are  
copyrighted creative works is prohibited except when it is done for  
personal use at home or for similar restricted and non-commercial use.  
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Contents  
Contents  
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio  
Frequency Interference Statement ............................... iv  
Notice for customers in Canada .............................................. v  
Notice for customers in European countries............................ v  
Safety Precautions ........................................................... vi  
If You Notice Anything Abnormal....................................... x  
Storage and Operating Locations ...................................... x  
Precautions When Inserting the Film Holder ................... xiii  
When Taking the Unit Out of The Country ............................xiv  
Notice concerning prohibition of copying or reproduction...... xv  
1. Overview ........................................................................ 1  
1.1 Features .................................................................................. 2  
1.2 Operating Environment............................................................ 3  
2. Before Operation........................................................... 4  
2.1 Inspection ................................................................................ 4  
2.2 Accessories ............................................................................. 4  
2.3 Cleaning the Unit ..................................................................... 7  
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Contents  
3. Parts Identification ........................................................ 8  
3.1 Main Unit ................................................................................. 8  
Front panel .............................................................................. 8  
Rear panel ............................................................................. 10  
3.2 Film Holder FH-45 ................................................................. 12  
3.3 Film Holder FH-351 ............................................................... 13  
3.4 Film Holder FH-356 ............................................................... 14  
4. Connecting the LS-4500AF ........................................ 15  
4.1 Before Connection................................................................. 15  
4.2 Connecting the Power Cord .................................................. 16  
4.3 Connecting the SCSI Cable................................................... 17  
SCSI Chain Connection with Other Devices ......................... 19  
4.4 Setting the SCSI ID ............................................................... 21  
5. Operation ..................................................................... 22  
5.1 Turning on the Power ............................................................ 22  
5.2 Inserting and Ejecting the Film Holder................................... 24  
Inserting the Film Holder ....................................................... 24  
Ejecting the Film Holder ........................................................ 25  
6. Using the Film Holder ................................................. 26  
6.1 Usable Film............................................................................ 26  
6.2 Using the FH-45 for Sheet Film ............................................. 26  
6.3 Using the FH-351 for Mounted Film ...................................... 31  
6.4 Using the FH-356 for Strip Film ............................................. 34  
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Contents  
7. Replacing the Lamp .................................................... 37  
8. Transportation............................................................. 41  
Procedure for Locking before Transportation ........................ 41  
9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF.............................. 42  
12-bit A/D and LUT (Look Up Table) ..................................... 43  
Prescanning and absolute light energy ................................. 45  
Sharpness ............................................................................. 45  
Three scanning modes .......................................................... 47  
Three functions of the Eject button........................................ 47  
ASCII commands................................................................... 48  
10. Troubleshooting.......................................................... 49  
Appendix: Specifications .......................................... 51  
Index............................................................................. 53  
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1. Overview  
1. Overview  
Thank you for purchasing the Nikon Film Scanner LS-4500AF. This  
manual describes the procedures for unpacking, setting up, and connecting  
the scanner, with emphasis on hardware use and cautions.  
Please read this manual thoroughly to ensure proper operation of your  
scanner.  
For an explanation of how to scan and reproduce images with the LS-  
4500AF, please refer to the Software Manual.  
We hope that you will find this manual helpful.  
Nikon Film Scanner LS-4500AF User's Manual  
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1. Overview  
1.1 Features  
The LS-4500AF is an advanced type of film scanner capable of scanning 4  
x 5 inch and 120/220 formats, including 6 x 4.5, 6 x 6, 6 x 7, 6 x 9, (color/  
monochrome, negative/positive) at high speed and high resolution.  
Basic resolution: Loaded with the following two types of optical  
systems:  
1,000dpi x 2,000dpi (optical system for 4"x 5" film)  
3,000dpi x 3,000dpi (optical system for 35mm film)  
4"x 5" system achieves 2,000dpi x 2,000dpi through the interpolation  
Enables user to set resolution (dpi) by 1 dpi  
Effective scanning area:5"x 6" (optical system for 4"x 5" film)  
1.66"x 6" (optical system for 35mm film)  
High-speed scanning capability  
High quality images produced by using a 12 bit-A/D converter  
Autofocus function, eliminating the need for manual focusing  
Automatic set-up function achieved by a prescanning function  
User-defined sharpness function  
Low power consumption and power-saving function when not in use  
Three types of film carriers and masks are used to mount film according  
to aperture and frame size. All carriers can be rotated manually for  
exact alignment during scanning, except the 35mm 6-frame strip  
carrier.  
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1. Overview  
1.2 Operating Environment  
When installing the unit, leave space around and above it to ensure smooth  
operation. Please refer to the drawing below for the amount of space to be  
provided.  
6 inches  
6 inches  
6 inches  
Since an air inlet and a vent are provided on the side and rear of the unit,  
leave a space of 6 inches (15cm) when placing the unit near other devices.  
If possible, place a suitable cover over the unit to prevent dust accumulat-  
ing when it is stored.  
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2. Before Operation  
2. Before Operation  
2.1 Inspection  
Inspect the package to see whether any damage has occurred during  
shipment. If there is any damage to the package, please contact your  
retailer directly and do not unpack the unit.  
2.2 Accessories  
The following items are included with the LS-4500AF. When you open  
the package, check whether all the items are present. If there are any  
missing items, please contact your retailer immediately.  
Main body of LS-4500AF  
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2. Before Operation  
Power cord (1)  
SCSI cable (1)  
*The shape of the plug depends  
on the country of use.  
(50pin full pitch Dsub 25pin)  
Terminator (1)  
Spare lamp (1)  
LS-4500AF user’s manual(s)  
Software disk(s)  
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2. Before Operation  
A set of film holders for sheet film  
Film holder for sheet film (FH-45)  
11 masks for different film sizes  
For 4x5 size (1)  
For 6x9 size (1)  
For 6x8 size (1)  
For 6x7 size (1)  
For 6x6 size (1)  
For 6x4.5 size (1)  
For 35mm size (1)  
For 6x6 size x 2 frames (1)  
For 6x4.5 size x 2 frames (1)  
For 35mm size x 2 frames (1)  
For 35mm size x 4 frames (1)  
A set of film holders for 35mm mounted film  
Film holder for 35mm mounted film (FH-351)  
Tray for 4 frames of 35mm mounted film (1)  
Tray for 1 frame of 35mm mounted film (1)  
Strip film holder for 12 frames of 35mm film (FH-356)  
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2. Before Operation  
2.3 Cleaning the Unit  
When carrying out routine maintenance and cleaning, ensure that no  
volatile liquids such as alcohol, benzine, or thinner come into contact with  
the LS-4500AF as this may cause a failure, fire, or electric shock.  
Please observe the following points:  
Before cleaning, always turn the power off, and pull out the power plug.  
Since the front cover is made from plastic material, remove dust with a  
blower or a dry cloth.  
Use a soft, dry cloth to remove dust from the metal panel at the rear.  
If the unit has become badly soiled, clean with a cloth moistened with a  
neutral liquid detergent, then dry with a dry cloth.  
Avoid harsh substances such as alcohol, benzine, thinner, or pesticides,  
as they may damage the surface, or remove the exterior finish.  
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3. Parts Identification  
3. Parts Identification  
3.1 Main Unit  
Front panel  
Lamp Replacement Cover  
POWER LED  
BUSY LED  
ERROR LED  
Ventilation Slots  
Power Switch  
Eject Button  
Film Loading Slot  
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3. Parts Identification  
Power Switch:  
Eject Button:  
Directly turns the AC power on/off.  
Functions include ejecting film, moving the  
stage lock position.  
Film Loading Slot:  
Ventilation Slots:  
The film holder is inserted here.  
Since air is drawn in through these slots,  
make sure that they are not blocked by  
other equipment.  
POWER LED:  
BUSY LED:  
Lights when the power is turned on.  
Lights or flashes while the scanner is in  
operation.  
ERROR LED:  
Flashes if an error occurs during the  
scanning operation or light measurement.  
Lamp Replacement Cover: Provides access to the lamp for replace-  
ment.  
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3. Parts Identification  
Rear panel  
Fan  
Ventilation  
Slots  
SCSI ID Switch  
AC Inlet  
SCSI Connector  
Loching Screw  
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3. Parts Identification  
SCSI Connector:  
SCSI ID Switch:  
AC Inlet:  
For SCSI cable connection. (No difference  
between IN and OUT.)  
Sets the SCSI ID number. Numbers 1 to 9 are  
shown, of which numbers 0 to 7 are valid.  
Connect to the AC power source with the power  
cord provided.  
Locking Screw:  
Fan:  
When transporting the unit, fasten the screw to  
lock the stage.  
Since the fan motor inside the unit is constantly  
running, make sure that this fan is not blocked.  
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3. Parts Identification  
3.2 Film Holder FH-45  
Mask Positioning Holes  
slightly raised bars  
Mask  
Upper Glass Plate  
Holding Section  
Mask Positioning Pins  
Maske  
Angle Index  
Turntable  
Frame  
Glid  
Arrow  
Sliding Spring Catch  
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3. Parts Identification  
3.3 Film Holder FH-351  
Hinge  
Mount Holding Plate  
Aperture  
Sliding Spring Catch  
Fixed Spring  
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3. Parts Identification  
3.4 Film Holder FH-356  
Catch  
Film Holding Section  
Frame  
Catch  
Folding Handles  
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4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
4.1 Before Connection  
Before connecting the cables, confirm that the power of all devices,  
including the computer system and the LS-4500AF, is turned off.  
For an IBM PC/AT or compatible in which a SCSI board has not been  
installed, install a SCSI board as explained in the manual supplied with the  
board.  
When installing a SCSI board for the first time, be careful not to use the  
same number as used for another purpose such as an I/O address or inter-  
rupt number, or the graphic board DMA channel.  
Note: Make sure that the PC is powered off before installing the SCSI  
board.  
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4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
4.2 Connecting the Power Cord  
Before connecting the power cord, confirm that the unit's power switch is  
in the off position.  
Insert the female end of the supplied power cord into the AC inlet located  
on the rear panel, then insert the plug into the AC power outlet.  
The power source must be grounded.  
If possible, try to use an independent electric outlet. If the unit is  
connected to an outlet to which an electric household appliance, such  
as a vacuum cleaner or air-conditioner, is connected, the product may  
experience power source noise interference.  
Do not extend the power cord of the product, as this may cause mal-  
function.  
*The shape of the plug depends  
on the country of use.  
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4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
4.3 Connecting the SCSI Cable  
Before connecting the SCSI cable, confirm that every SCSI device, includ-  
ing the computer system, has been turned off.  
Connect the unit to the computer using the SCSI cable. After attaching the  
connector, be sure to lock it in place. You can connect the SCSI cable to  
either of the SCSI connectors on the rear panel of the unit.  
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4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
If the unit is the only connected SCSI device, or if the unit is connected at  
the end of the SCSI chain, attach a terminator (terminal resistance) to the  
other SCSI connector. At this point, remove the terminator of the other  
SCSI device that has been placed between them. The terminator is not  
needed when the unit is connected between other SCSI devices.  
Terminator  
When SCSI devices are connected, connect them so as not to make a loop,  
and attach terminators to both ends of the SCSI chain. Since the terminator  
is built into the host computer in most cases, the host computer should be at  
the end of the SCSI chain. The operation manuals of some notebook  
computers require a terminator to be attached outside the computer; please  
refer to the operation manual for the computer to which the unit is con-  
nected.  
Note: The SCSI cable used for SCSI connection should be of high-imped-  
ance type.  
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4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
SCSI Chain Connection with Other Devices  
If LS-4500AF is connected at the end of the SCSI chain;  
Connect the 50-pin full pitch connector of the SCSI cable to the SCSI  
connector located on the rear panel of the unit, and insert the other end  
to the SCSI connector of other SCSI device.  
Connect the supplied terminator (terminal resistance) to the other SCSI  
connector on the rear panel of the unit.  
Terminator inside  
If LS-4500AF is connected between the other SCSI devices;  
Connect the 50-pin full pitch connector of the SCSI cable to the SCSI  
connector located on the rear of the unit, and insert the other end to the  
SCSI connector of other SCSI device.  
Connect the other SCSI device by using the other SCSI connector on  
the rear panel of the unit.  
Connect the terminator (terminal resistance) to the SCSI device con-  
nected at the end of SCSI chain.  
Terminator inside  
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4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
Remarks  
The maximum number of SCSI devices that can be connected to one  
computer is eight. In the case of a host computer with a built-in SCSI  
hard disk or built-in CD-ROM, note that SCSI ID numbers have been  
pre-assigned for the host CPU and the SCSI devices.  
The SCSI cable must not be extended beyond a total length of 19 feet (6  
meters), or else failure may result.  
If you use the type of terminator that is inserted between the SCSI cable  
and SCSI interface connector, install a terminator independent of the  
other SCSI connector of the LS-4500AF.  
Terminators must be attached to the devices located at both ends of the  
SCSI chain.  
If the host computer is a Macintosh, the Macintosh itself will provide  
termination at one end of the chain.  
If the host computer is an IBM PC/AT or compatible, equipped with a  
SCSI board, the SCSI board itself will present termination at one end of  
the chain.  
Note that when a SCSI chain connection is made inside a computer, the  
end of the SCSI device inside the computer will become the end  
terminal.  
Before installing a SCSI board, be sure to read the user’s manual  
provided with the board. The numbers for the I/O address, interrupt  
level (INT) and DMA channel might be used for other interface boards  
and peripheral devices. If so, change them as explained in the manual.  
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4. Connecting the LS-4500AF  
4.4 Setting the SCSI ID  
The SCSI ID for the LS-4500AF is set at “5” when the unit is shipped. If  
other SCSI devices are connected to your computer, make sure that the  
SCSI ID for the LS-4500AF is different from those assigned to other SCSI  
devices.  
SCSI ID  
Note that in the case of a host computer which has a built-in SCSI hard  
disk or built-in CD-ROM, the ID numbers of the host CPU and each SCSI  
device have already been assigned.  
If the IDs are the same, you must change the ID number of the other SCSI  
device or the ID of the LS-4500AF to avoid any conflict.  
Remarks  
To change the ID, confirm that the LS-4500AF power is off. The ID  
cannot be changed when the power is on.  
As 7 has been assigned for the CPU and 0 has been assigned to the  
built-in hard disk for a Macintosh, and 0 and 7 have also been assigned  
to other personal computer systems, any number from 1 to 6 is recom-  
mended for the ID number.  
If the same ID numbers are assigned, the system might not function, or  
important data on the hard disk might be destroyed. It is therefore  
essential to check the ID numbers carefully before connecting the LS-  
4500AF.  
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5. Operation  
5. Operation  
5.1 Turning on the Power  
Before turning on the power, confirm that the locking screw is loosened.  
To loosen the locking screw  
Turn on the power of peripheral SCSI devices (including the LS-4500AF)  
first, and then turn on the host computer's power. As soon as the power is  
turned on, the POWER LED and BUSY LED light up. After stage move-  
ment has started, the BUSY LED begins flashing. After ejection of the  
stage (film holder), the lamp (the light source in the unit) lights for mea-  
surement of the characteristics of the lamp (a click will be heard, which is  
the sound of the switch being operated), and the stage is moved to the  
waiting position to complete the initial setting. The BUSY LED then goes  
out.  
After the BUSY LED has gone out, a command can be received from the  
interface. It takes about 30 seconds from when the power is turned on to  
when the BUSY LED goes out.  
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5. Operation  
Remarks  
When turning the power off, first turn off the host computer, then the  
peripheral SCSI devices, in order (in the reverse order to that in which  
the power was turned on).  
After turning the power off, wait at least five seconds before turning on  
again.  
Do not turn off the power while the unit is scanning or operating.  
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5. Operation  
5.2 Inserting and Ejecting the Film Holder  
Inserting the Film Holder  
Insert the film holder, in which the film has been set, into the film  
loading slot in the front panel of the unit, in the direction of the arrow.  
When the film holder is correctly set in the unit you will hear a click  
and the holder will be automatically inserted.  
Take care to insert the holder the right way round. Inserting the wrong  
side first will cause damage or malfunction.  
Caution  
On no account put your fingers inside the door of the film loading slot, as  
they may be caught and injured by the internal mechanism.  
Achtung  
Wegen Einklemm- und Verletzungsgefahr durch die interne Mechanik auf  
keinen Fall die Finger in die Tür des Filmladeschlitzes bringen.  
Attention  
En aucun cas ne placez un doigt dans la trappe de la fente de chargement  
du film car le mécanisme interne pourrait vous blesser.  
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5. Operation  
Ejecting the Film Holder  
When the Eject button on the front panel of the unit is pressed, the film  
holder will be ejected. You can then remove the holder from the slot by  
hand.  
When using driver software which has an eject function, the film holder  
can be activated by the host computer.  
The LS-4500AF does not perform automatic ejection when a scanning  
operation is completed. If the power has been turned off while the film  
holder is still loaded, turn the power on again. The film holder will be  
ejected by the initializing operation.  
Eject Button  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
6. Using the Film Holder  
6.1 Usable Film  
Transparent film of both negative and positive types can be scanned.  
A variety of film holders are provided for different types and sizes of  
film. Select the appropriate holder for the film to be used.  
Note: The scanning area of the LS-4500AF varies according to the scan  
resolution.  
5 x 6 inches (127 x 152mm) at 1,000dpi  
1.66 x 6 inches (42 x 152mm) at 3,000dpi  
6.2 Using the FH-45 for Sheet Film  
When scanning a sheet film, the FH-45 can be used. By using the FH-45,  
4 x 5, 6 x 9, 6 x 8, 6 x 7, 6 x 6, and 6 x 4.5 inch, and 35mm film, can all be  
scanned.  
Place the film in the holder on a dust-free surface.  
The film is secured with two anti-Newton treated glass plates. Take  
care to keep the glass plates clean while handling the holder.  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
Step 1  
Slide the sliding spring catch forward, and carefully raise the frame holding  
the upper glass plate. The frame supports itself in the upright position.  
Remove the film if scanning has been completed.  
Mask  
Upper Glass  
Plate  
Sliding Spring  
Catch  
Note: Confirm that the mask corresponds to the size of the film to be  
scanned. Scanning may not be performed properly if there is any transpar-  
ent area between the image on the film and the mask.  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
Step 2  
If the mask needs to be replaced, remove the mask from the mask position-  
ing pins on the turntable, and fix the new mask in place, fitting the mask  
positioning holes over the mask positioning pins. (The holes are of differ-  
ent sizes, corresponding to the different-sized positioning pins.) Slightly  
raised bars provided as a guide for the outer edges of the film will be  
visible on the upper side of the mask.  
Mask Positioning Holes  
Turntable  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
Step 3  
Place the film on the upper side of the mask, with the emulsion side  
downward. Slightly raised bars are provided around the aperture in the  
mask as a guide for the outer edges of the film. Refer to these to decide the  
position of the screen.  
Gently lower the frame holding the upper glass plate, taking care not to  
move the film.  
Fix the holding section of the frame firmly in place with the sliding spring  
catch.  
Film  
Holding Section  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
Step 4  
The arrow indicates the scanning direction. Set the image angle by rotating  
the turntable.  
For fine adjustment, refer to the angle index marked on the edge of the  
turntable. The index may not match over the entire circumference.  
Turntable  
Arrow  
Note: When rotating large-sized film, the length may exceed 5 inches, and  
scanning of some part of the film may be impossible.  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
6.3 Using the FH-351 for Mounted Film  
When scanning a mounted film, the FH-351 can be used.  
The maximum thickness of the mounted film is 3mm.  
The flatness of the film depends on the condition of the mount. If there  
is any problem with the flatness, use of a glass-type mount, or use of  
the FH-45 with the film removed from the mount, is recommended.  
Step 1  
Select the tray for one frame or four frames. When the tray for one frame  
is used, all the screens can be scanned at 3,000dpi.  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
To replace a tray, pull the sliding spring catch forward to release the tray,  
remove it, replace with a new tray, and secure it with the sliding spring  
catch.  
Step 2  
When a tray for one frame is fitted, check that the turntable and the back  
side of the depression in the tray do not interfere with each other.  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
When a mount is set in the tray for four frames, first slide the sliding spring  
catch and carefully open the mount holding plate. The frame supports  
itself in the upright position. If there is any mount for which scanning has  
been completed, remove it.  
Mount Holding  
Plate  
Sliding  
Spring Catch  
Put the mount on the mount plate after positioning it by means of the  
slightly raised bars; close the mount holding plate carefully; fix the mount  
holding plate firmly in place with the sliding spring catch. Make sure that  
the emulsion side is facing downward.  
Note: If there are fewer than four images to be scanned, add dummy films.  
Proper scanning may not be performed if any transparent area is left.  
Step 3  
The arrow indicates the scanning direction. Rotate the turntable to set the  
image angle.  
For fine adjustment, refer to the angle index marked on the edge of the  
turntable. The index may not match over the entire circumference.  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
6.4 Using the FH-356 for Strip Film  
When scanning a 35mm strip film, the FH-356 can be used.  
The maximum size of the strip film that can be scanned is six frames.  
The maximum number of strip films that can be scanned is three.  
The number of screens that can be scanned at one time is 4 frames x 3;  
that is, 12 images.  
If set in the film housing at the center part of the holder, scanning can  
be performed at 3,000dpi.  
The scanning area is decided by holding down the sections outside the  
image. If there is any problem with flatness, use of the FH-45 is  
recommended, with the film separated into individual frames.  
Step 1  
The small folding handle will be raised when it is slid; at this point, lift it  
up. Grasp the handle and pull it toward you; the cover will be disengaged  
from the catch section of the frame, at which point the cover can be  
opened. The cover will be held firmly in place while it is open.  
Folding Handle  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
Step 2  
Set the film in the film compartment with the emulsion side downward.  
The four frames aligned with the apertures can be scanned.  
The fourth image will be read.  
The third image will be read.  
The second image will be read.  
The first image will be read.  
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6. Using the Film Holder  
Step 3  
Carefully close the lid after positioning the images in the apertures at the  
front of the film compartment. Press the cover closed against the spring  
section of the frame and confirm that the catch is engaged. If the cover has  
not been closed securely, proper scanning may not be performed.  
Catch  
Step 4  
Press down the small folding handle on the cover. If the handle is not  
folded down, it may not be possible to insert the holder in the unit.  
Folding Handle  
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7. Replacing the Lamp  
7. Replacing the Lamp  
Note the following before replacing the lamp in case that the lamp is out of  
order.  
Before replacing the lamp, turn off the power and unplug the power  
cord.  
After the power cord has been unplugged, wait for approximately 15  
minutes or more for the lamp to cool down.  
Use JCR 12V 20W/G1/A1.  
Never use a LS-3510AF lamp (12V 35W). It may cause damage to the  
unit.  
Do not touch the bulb section of the lamp. Oil from your fingers will  
shorten the life of the lamp.  
The usual life of lamp used in the LS-4500AF is 2,000 hours. With normal  
use, the lamp will need to be replaced approximately once every two years.  
Step 1  
Wait for about 15 minutes for the lamp to cool down after the power cord  
has been unplugged, then open the cover on the top of the unit.  
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7. Replacing the Lamp  
Step 2  
Pull the knob on the inner cover to open the inner cover.  
Step 3  
Remove the metal clip securing the lamp, then press down the lamp holder  
lever to remove the lamp from the holder.  
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7. Replacing the Lamp  
Step 4  
Take the lamp out of the holder and remove the electrodes. The electrodes  
are only pushed in.  
Remarks  
Be careful not to pull out the electrode cord when the electrodes are  
removed. If the cord is pulled out, confirm that the cord does not interfere  
with the fan motor when it is put back in place.  
Step 5  
Fix the electrodes in the new lamp. Push the lamp into the holder so that  
the protruding section of the lamp shade is uppermost. Re-attach the metal  
clip. Check that the lamp is not tilted too far.  
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7. Replacing the Lamp  
Step 6  
Close the inner cover. Push the inner cover closed until it clicks, then close  
the outer cover.  
Step 7  
Connect the power cord and run the application software after turning on  
the power. If the application software has a command for lamp calibration,  
execute it. If the application software does not have a calibration function,  
and command entry is possible, enter “LCB” from the keyboard.  
The LS-4500AF registers the initial value of the lamp in the system. When  
the BUSY LED goes out, the operation is completed. The calibration  
operation is only necessary when the lamp is replaced, not in daily use.  
Calibration is performed when the power is turned on.  
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8. Transportation  
8. Transportation  
When transporting the unit, first remove the film holder following the  
procedure below. Move the stage to the position for transportation at the  
rear of the unit, fasten the locking screw, and pack using the original  
package box and packing material provided by Nikon. If the locking screw  
is not completely fastened, and the unit is subjected to excessive vibration  
or shock, the unit may be damaged.  
To fasten the locking screw  
Procedure for Locking before Transportation  
1. Remove the film holder by means of a normal eject operation.  
2. Keep the Eject button on the front panel of the unit pressed down for  
more than three seconds. The stage will move backward and stop at the  
transportation position. You will hear the stage moving. When the  
stage begins to move, release the Eject button. If you continue to press  
the Eject button during the transition to the transportation position,  
another eject operation will be carried out.  
3. When the BUSY LED goes out, turn the power off and remove the  
power cord and connection cable from the unit.  
4. Turn the locking screw on the back of the unit clockwise as far as it will  
go. The stage will then be fixed firmly in place.  
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9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
When operating the LS-4500AF, knowing the mechanism and operation of  
the unit will help to avoid problems and assist you in successfully scanning  
images.  
The fact is, however, that the performance of the LS-4500AF largely  
depends on the software driver. You can make good use of the LS-4500AF  
by fully understanding the operation of both the LS-4500AF and its  
software.  
Mechanism  
Halogen lamp  
Color filter  
Film  
CCD  
Lens  
Light from a halogen lamp is passed through red, green, and blue filters,  
and the film is irradiated with each kind of light. The light transmitted  
through the film is focused into an image on a linear CCD through an  
image formation lens.  
The film information on which photoelectric conversion is performed by  
the CCD, undergoes A/D conversion and signal processing after being  
amplified, and is sent to the host computer via the interface.  
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9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
The film is inserted from the front, moved in sequence and scanned.  
The LS-4500AF is a scanner of light source color switching type, film  
moving type, and surface sequence type.  
The machine has two optical systems, and scanning of both 4 x 5 inch film  
and 35mm film is possible by switching between them.  
12-bit A/D and LUT (Look Up Table)  
The LS-4500AF has a 12 bit A/D converter.  
12-bit resolution is thus possible (212 = 4096 levels). This can be converted  
to 8-bit data (28 = 256 levels) by using an LUT (look up table).  
The conversion from 12 to 8 bits is necessary because many systems deal  
with image data in 8-bit form.  
256  
Output  
0
4096  
Input  
If the number obtained by simply dividing the data by 16 (=4096/256) were  
output, the LUT would be meaningless. The LUT has the ability to  
condense data from 4096 levels to 256 levels, without a loss of white data  
while maintaining keeping black gradations (high density side).  
The LUT is used gamma (non-linearity) compensation of the output (as in  
the case of a CRT monitor).  
The LUT also provides for black tuning and white tuning.  
It is possible to intentionally lose black data or skip white data.  
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9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
256  
256  
Output  
Output  
0
0
4096  
4096  
Input  
Input  
White is being skipped  
Black is being lost  
CCD signal  
black  
A change of gradient means a change of gain. When a gamma value with  
twice the gradient is set for only half of the input, 256-step output will be  
obtained.  
However, note that setting a gamma value with a sharp gradient toward the  
black side means amplifying the noise element.  
In addition to an auto-LUT function, the LS-4500AF has an LUT function  
set by users, enabling downloading from an outside source.  
256  
Output  
0
4096  
Input  
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9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
Prescanning and absolute light energy  
Prescanning is the function which sets the light energy by scanning the  
black (maximum density) and white (minimum density) of the film.  
Therefore, the meanings of the numbers differ according to the film. In  
one film 10 steps (of 256 steps) may correspond to a density of 1.5, but  
correspond to a density of 1.7 in some other film.  
It is easier to understand the scanner as a TV camera than as a densitom-  
eter.  
A TV camera works with a diaphragm which opens in order to take in more  
light if the subject is dark. The light energy each time scanning is per-  
formed is not absolute light energy, but varies according to the film.  
While it is possible to set the light energy used by the LS-4500AF, the pre-  
scanning mode is recommended in order to obtain a better image.  
Auto setup is also possible by prescanning. Compensations can be made, if  
necessary.  
Sharpness  
Sharpness adjustment is achieved by means of a 3 x 3 matrix, which can be  
defined by the user. This is more easily understood if we use a simple  
figure. To simplify the explanation, consider sharpness as one-dimen-  
sional. Suppose that there is an output wave form as shown in the figure,  
and assume that the sharpness coefficient is -20 140 -20. This means  
multiplying the picture element of a subject by 120% and adding the  
elements of both ends multiplied by -20% (subtracting the elements at both  
ends multiplied by 20%). When this filter is applied to the wave form  
shown in the left-hand figure, the result will be as shown in the right-hand  
figure. A change can be seen at the rising point. The edge section is  
emphasized, as shown here.  
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9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
86  
80  
80  
80  
50  
50  
50  
50  
50  
44  
44=50*(-0.2)+50*(1.4)+80*(-0.2)  
86=50*(-0.2)+80*(1.4)+80*(-0.2)  
Such action, as demonstrated here, takes place in two-dimensions.  
Even if the sharpness appears to be weak on the monitor, it may occasion-  
ally be too great when printed out. You should therefore set a parameter  
suitable for your system.  
Since setting the + (plus) value has the effect of averaging (leveling), it is  
effective in reducing moire when moire is too conspicuous.  
Though the picture element multiplied by 1 = 100% is set for the conve-  
nience of this explanation, you should follow the directions in the software  
manual regarding the setting method.  
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9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
Three scanning modes  
The LS-4500AF has three scanning modes.  
Fast mode: Keeps scanning without stopping the stage while the  
interface operates. This mode is used for previewing. A limitation is  
that sharpness is not attainable.  
Normal mode: Stops at every line of picture elements to be scanned,  
but a small registration difference occurs because the data is scanned  
during transfer. This mode offers 30% – 50% faster scanning than high  
quality mode.  
High quality mode: Stops at every scanning line and discards data  
scanned during transfer, then scans data at the point where it stops  
again.  
The only difference between the three modes is a degree of registration  
difference, but no difference can be seen in density range. The density  
range is the same regardless of which mode is chosen for scanning.  
Three functions of the Eject button  
The Eject button has the following three functions:  
Ejects the film holder.  
Moves the stage (the structure on which the film holder is placed for  
moving) to a fixed position. Next, press the Eject button and take out  
the film. Continue to press the Eject button for at least three seconds.  
After the BUSY LED goes out, fasten the locking screw on the rear  
panel.  
Boots (starts) from EPROM. Turn on the power while pressing the  
Eject button. Stop pressing the Eject button after five seconds.  
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9. Technical Tips on the LS-4500AF  
ASCII commands  
The LS-4500AF has a function which interprets and executes ASCII  
commands. This function is not usually needed for application software.  
However, if a problem occurs, we may ask you by telephone or fax to take  
a simple troubleshooting measure by using this function to solve the  
problem.  
Do you have a “command execution” dialog in your applications? If so,  
please try executing it.  
Enter “EJ” from the keyboard and press the RETURN (ENTER) key; the  
LS-4500AF will execute an eject operation. The ASCII commands  
described in this manual are:  
LCB:  
Causes the scanner to memorize the characteristics of  
a lamp when a lamp is replaced.  
BT1:  
Makes the flash memory program valid.  
Makes the EPROM program valid.)  
(BTO:  
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10. Troubleshooting  
10. Troubleshooting  
If something unusual should occur during operation of the scanner, refer to  
the software manual and the troubleshooting section below.  
Scanning cannot be performed.  
Did you release the transportation locking screw? When the unit is  
shipped, the locking screw is locked. If the lock has not been released,  
release the lock following the directions in this manual.  
Is the SCSI cable connected?  
Is a high impedance SCSI cable being used?  
Have both ends of the SCSI connection been terminated?  
Is there duplication of the SCSI ID number?  
Is the SCSI board being used recommended by Nikon? (For Windows  
version)  
Do the settings of the I/O, INT, DMA channel, etc., on the SCSI board  
coincide with those of another board? (For Windows version)  
Has software been installed? For software installation and operation,  
refer to the software manual.  
Are the configuration settings, such as CONFIG.SYS, correct? Note  
that some configurations may be changed automatically when a Win-  
dows application or other applications is installed. (For Windows  
version)  
Have other SCSI devices (such as HD, MO, CD-ROM) been con-  
firmed?  
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10. Troubleshooting  
The recognition operation has been performed, but the result-  
ing images are totally dark or completely black.  
Is the lamp lit? Look through the fan slots in the rear panel to check  
whether the lamp light goes out when a scanning operation is per-  
formed.  
Poor image quality  
Is the film holder's glass plate soiled?  
Is the film loaded properly?  
Is the scanner given to vibrating during scanning?  
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Appendix: Specifications  
Appendix: Specifications  
Film used:  
Transparent film  
Scanning method:  
Sensor:  
Planar scanning, film moving type  
5,000 pixel CCD linear sensor  
12V 20W Halogen lamp  
Lamp:  
Color separation:  
Surface sequence 3-pass method (red, green,  
blue optical filter)  
Scanning area:  
5 x 6 inches (4 x 5 inch optical system) 1.66 x  
6 inches (35mm optical system)  
Optical resolution:  
1,000dpi x 2,000dpi (4 x 5 inch optical system)  
3,000dpi x 3,000dpi (35mm optical system)  
Interpolation resolution: 2,000dpi x 2,000dpi (4 x 5 inch optical system)  
3,000dpi maximum (35mm optical system)  
Resolution:  
From 50dpi to maximum resolution in 1dpi  
steps  
A/D conversion:  
Dynamic range:  
Output data:  
12 bits/color  
3.0 or more  
Monochrome, dither, full color (8 bits/color, 12  
bits/color)  
Scanning modes:  
Focus:  
Fast mode, normal mode, high quality mode  
Auto, manual  
Setup:  
Auto, manual  
Sharpness:  
3 x 3 matrix can be set by user  
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Appendix: Specifications  
Scanning times for reference:  
Standard film (maximum transparent density  
about 0.2), 3 colors, landscape  
35mm film  
1,800dpi, 2250 x 1500 (10.1MB)  
Approx. 90 seconds in high quality mode  
Approx. 60 seconds in normal mode  
3000dpi, 3900 x 2600 (30.4MB)  
Approx. 200 seconds in high quality mode  
Approx. 120 seconds in normal mode  
4 x 5 inch film  
600dpi, 2,500 x 2,000 (15MB)  
Approx. 150 seconds in high quality mode  
Approx. 110 seconds in normal mode  
1000dpi, 4500 x 3600 (48.6MB)  
Approx. 210 seconds in high quality mode  
Approx. 180 seconds in normal mode  
Film holder:  
3 types (35mm mount, sheet film, 35mm strip  
film)  
Interface:  
Size:  
SCSI-2 compliant  
11.6(W) x 9.8(H) x 16.5(D) inches  
(295 x 250 x 420mm)  
Weight:  
Approx. 28.9lbs (13kg)  
Power supply:  
AC 100 - 120V/AC 200 - 240V, 50/60Hz,  
0.80 - 0.4A  
Accoustic noise:  
less than 70dB(A)  
Power consumption:  
Approx. 45W when the power-saver is off  
Approx. 10W when the power-saver is on  
Temperature:  
Humidity:  
50˚F - 95˚F (10˚C - 35˚C)  
30% - 80% (no condensation)  
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Index  
Index  
Film holder for sheet film 6  
A
film holders for 35mm mounted film 6  
film holders for sheet film 6  
Film Holding Section 14  
Film Loading Slot 8, 9  
A/D 43  
AC Inlet 10, 11  
Accessories 4  
Angle index 12  
ASCII commands 48  
Fixed Spring 13  
Folding Handle 14, 34  
B
G
Before Operation 4  
Glid 12  
BUSY LED 8, 9  
H
C
Holding Section 12  
Cleaning the Unit 7  
connected at the end of the SCSI chain 19  
connected between the other SCSI devices  
19  
I
Inserting the Film Holder 24  
Connecting the LS-4500AF 15  
Connecting the Power Cord 16  
Connecting the SCSI Cable 17  
Connection with Other Devices 19  
L
Lamp Replacement Cover 8, 9  
Locking Screw 10, 11  
Look Up Table 43  
E
M
Eject Button 8, 9, 25  
Ejecting the Film Holder 25  
ERROR LED 8, 9  
Main body of LS-4500AF 4  
Main Unit 8  
Mask Positioning Holes 12  
Mask Positioning Pins 12  
Mechanism 42  
F
Fan 10, 11  
Mount Holding Plate 13  
Film Holder FH-351 13  
Film Holder FH-356 14  
Film Holder FH-45 12  
Film holder for 35mm mounted film 6  
O
Operating Environment 3  
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Index  
P
V
Parts Identification 8  
Ventilation Slots 8, 9  
POWER LED 8, 9  
Power Switch 8, 9  
Prescanning and absolute light energy 45  
Procedure for Locking 41  
R
Replacing the Lamp 37  
S
scanning modes 47  
SCSI Connector 10, 11  
SCSI ID Switch 10, 11  
Setting the SCSI ID 21  
Sharpness 45  
Sliding Spring Catch 12, 13  
Specifications 51  
Strip film holder for 12 frames of 35mm  
film 6  
T
Technical Tips 42  
Terminator 18  
Three functions of the Eject button 47  
Transportation 41  
Troubleshooting 49  
Turning on the Power 22  
Turntable 12  
U
Upper Glass Plate 12  
Usable Film 26  
Using the FH-351 31  
Using the FH-356 34  
Using the FH-45 26  
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