Important Information
Warranty
The GPIB-SCSI-A is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two years from the date of shipment, as evidenced
by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the
warranty period. This warranty includes parts and labor.
The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions, due to defects
in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National
Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives
notice of such defects during the warranty period. National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be
uninterrupted or error free.
A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before
any equipment will be accepted for warranty work. National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are
covered by warranty.
National Instruments believes that the information in this document is accurate. The document has been carefully reviewed for technical
accuracy. In the event that technical or typographical errors exist, National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent
editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this edition. The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected.
In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it.
EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN, NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CUSTOMER’S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF
NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER. NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA, PROFITS, USE OF PRODUCTS, OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
THEREOF. This limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action, whether in contract or tort, including
negligence. Any action against National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues. National Instruments
shall not be liable for any delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control. The warranty provided herein does not cover
damages, defects, malfunctions, or service failures caused by owner’s failure to follow the National Instruments installation, operation, or
maintenance instructions; owner’s modification of the product; owner’s abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and power failure or surges, fire,
flood, accident, actions of third parties, or other events outside reasonable control.
Copyright
Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, storing in an information retrieval system, or translating, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of National
Instruments Corporation.
Trademarks
National Instruments™, NI™, NI-488™, NI-488.2™, NI-488.2M™, and ni.com™ are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation.
Product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.
Patents
The product described in this manual may be protected by one or more U.S. patents, foreign patents, or pending applications.
U.S. Patent No(s) 5,974,541, 5,964,892, 5,958,028, 5,987,530, 6,073,205. Other U.S. and International patents pending.
WARNING REGARDING USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS
(1) NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS AND TESTING FOR A LEVEL OF
RELIABILITY SUITABLE FOR USE IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH SURGICAL IMPLANTS OR AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN
ANY LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS WHOSE FAILURE TO PERFORM CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT
INJURY TO A HUMAN.
(2) IN ANY APPLICATION, INCLUDING THE ABOVE, RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS CAN BE
IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE FACTORS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO FLUCTUATIONS IN ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY,
COMPUTER HARDWARE MALFUNCTIONS, COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE FITNESS, FITNESS OF COMPILERS
AND DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE USED TO DEVELOP AN APPLICATION, INSTALLATION ERRORS, SOFTWARE AND
HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS, MALFUNCTIONS OR FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OR CONTROL
DEVICES, TRANSIENT FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (HARDWARE AND/OR SOFTWARE), UNANTICIPATED USES OR
MISUSES, OR ERRORS ON THE PART OF THE USER OR APPLICATIONS DESIGNER (ADVERSE FACTORS SUCH AS THESE ARE
HEREAFTER COLLECTIVELY TERMED “SYSTEM FAILURES”). ANY APPLICATION WHERE A SYSTEM FAILURE WOULD
CREATE A RISK OF HARM TO PROPERTY OR PERSONS (INCLUDING THE RISK OF BODILY INJURY AND DEATH) SHOULD
NOT BE RELIANT SOLELY UPON ONE FORM OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DUE TO THE RISK OF SYSTEM FAILURE. TO AVOID
DAMAGE, INJURY, OR DEATH, THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MUST TAKE REASONABLY PRUDENT STEPS TO
PROTECT AGAINST SYSTEM FAILURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO BACK-UP OR SHUT DOWN MECHANISMS.
BECAUSE EACH END-USER SYSTEM IS CUSTOMIZED AND DIFFERS FROM NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS' TESTING
PLATFORMS AND BECAUSE A USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MAY USE NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS IN
COMBINATION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS IN A MANNER NOT EVALUATED OR CONTEMPLATED BY NATIONAL
INSTRUMENTS, THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER IS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR VERIFYING AND VALIDATING
THE SUITABILITY OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS WHENEVER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE
INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN,
PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION.
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Compliance
FCC/Canada Radio Frequency Interference Compliance*
Determining FCC Class
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has rules to protect wireless communications from interference. The FCC
places digital electronics into two classes. These classes are known as Class A (for use in industrial-commercial locations only)
or Class B (for use in residential or commercial locations). Depending on where it is operated, this product could be subject to
restrictions in the FCC rules. (In Canada, the Department of Communications (DOC), of Industry Canada, regulates wireless
interference in much the same way.)
Digital electronics emit weak signals during normal operation that can affect radio, television, or other wireless products. By
examining the product you purchased, you can determine the FCC Class and therefore which of the two FCC/DOC Warnings
apply in the following sections. (Some products may not be labeled at all for FCC; if so, the reader should then assume these are
Class A devices.)
FCC Class A products only display a simple warning statement of one paragraph in length regarding interference and undesired
operation. Most of our products are FCC Class A. The FCC rules have restrictions regarding the locations where FCC Class A
products can be operated.
FCC Class B products display either a FCC ID code, starting with the letters EXN,
or the FCC Class B compliance mark that appears as shown here on the right.
FCC/DOC Warnings
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in strict accordance with the instructions
in this manual and the CE Mark Declaration of Conformity**, may cause interference to radio and television reception.
Classification requirements are the same for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Canadian Department
of Communications (DOC).
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by National Instruments could void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment under the FCC Rules.
Class A
Federal Communications Commission
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC
Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated
in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct
the interference at his own expense.
Canadian Department of Communications
This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Class B
Federal Communications Commission
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can
be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:
•
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
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Canadian Department of Communications
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Compliance to EU Directives
Readers in the European Union (EU) must refer to the Manufacturer's Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for information**
pertaining to the CE Mark compliance scheme. The Manufacturer includes a DoC for most every hardware product except for
those bought for OEMs, if also available from an original manufacturer that also markets in the EU, or where compliance is not
required as for electrically benign apparatus or cables.
To obtain the DoC for this product, click Declaration of Conformity at ni.com/hardref.nsf/. This website lists the DoCs
by product family. Select the appropriate product family, followed by your product, and a link to the DoC appears in Adobe
Acrobat format. Click the Acrobat icon to download or read the DoC.
*
Certain exemptions may apply in the USA, see FCC Rules §15.103 Exempted devices, and §15.105(c). Also available in
sections of CFR 47.
** The CE Mark Declaration of Conformity will contain important supplementary information and instructions for the user or
installer.
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Conventions
The following conventions are used in this manual:
This icon denotes a note, which alerts you to important information.
This icon denotes a caution, which advises you of precautions to take to
avoid injury, data loss, or a system crash.
bold
Bold text denotes the names of light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
italic
Italic text denotes variables, emphasis, a cross reference, or an introduction
to a key concept. This font also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word
or value that you must supply.
monospace
Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should enter from the
keyboard, sections of code, programming examples, and syntax examples.
This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives, paths, directories,
programs, subprograms, subroutines, device names, functions, operations,
variables, filenames and extensions, and code excerpts.
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Chapter 1
What You Need to Get Started ......................................................................................1-1
Chapter 2
Step 2. Connect the Cables..............................................................................2-9
Step 3. Switch On Your GPIB-SCSI-A...........................................................2-10
Installing NI-488.2.........................................................................................................2-10
Configuring the Software with ibconf (Optional)..........................................................2-11
Removing NI-488.2 (Optional)......................................................................................2-11
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Using NI-488.2 with Solaris
Introduction to ibic.........................................................................................................4-1
Programming Considerations ........................................................................................4-2
Appendix A
Troubleshooting and Common Questions
Appendix B
Specifications
© National Instruments Corporation
vii
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
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Contents
Appendix C
Technical Support Resources
Glossary
Index
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
viii
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ni.com
1
Introduction
This chapter explains how to use this manual, lists what you need to get
started, and briefly describes the GPIB-SCSI-A and NI-488.2 for Solaris.
What You Need to Get Started
❑ Solaris version 2.5.1 or higher installed on your Sun SPARC system
❑ One of the following GPIB-SCSI-A boxes:
–
–
100–120 VAC
220–240 VAC
❑ One of the following power cords:
–
–
–
–
–
–
U.S.A. standard power cord
U.K. power cord
Switzerland power cord
Australian power cord
Universal European power cord
North American power cord
❑ Standard 50-pin SCSI-1 terminator
❑ Type SCSI-G Cable: GPIB-SCSI-A (50-pin SCSI-1) to Sun SPARC
system (SCSI-2 50-pin)–1 m
❑ NI-488.2 for Solaris and GPIB-SCSI-A, Version 2.x CD
❑ Super-user privilege
❑ One of the following shielded GPIB cables, which you can purchase
from National Instruments:
–
–
Type X1 single-shielded cables (1, 2, or 4 m)
Type X2 double-shielded cables (1, 2, or 4 m)
© National Instruments Corporation
1-1
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Caution To meet FCC emission limits for this device, you must use a shielded
(Type X1 or X2) GPIB cable. Operating this equipment with a non-shielded cable
may interfere with radio and television reception.
GPIB Hardware Overview
The GPIB-SCSI-A is a high-performance interface product that
transparently handles data transfers between the SCSI and the GPIB.
The GPIB-SCSI-A is actually an 8-bit microcomputer that operates as a
full-function IEEE 488.2/SCSI Controller. It can turn any computer with
a SCSI port into a GPIB Talker/Listener/Controller or it can make any
device on the SCSI bus look like a GPIB device.
The GPIB-SCSI-A has all the software and logic required to implement
the physical and electrical characteristics of the ANSI/IEEE Standard
488.2-1987 and the ANSI Standard X3T9.2. It is able to interpret and
execute commands that you send to it over the GPIB or SCSI ports and
to perform all necessary GPIB-to-SCSI protocol conversions.
Standard GPIB cables can connect the GPIB-SCSI-A with up to 14 devices.
If you need to connect to more than 14 devices, you can add them to your
system using an IEEE 488 extender or expander, such as the National
Instruments GPIB-130, GPIB-120A, or GPIB-140A. Refer to Appendix B,
Specifications, for more information about the GPIB hardware
specifications and recommended operating conditions.
NI-488.2 Overview
NI-488.2 for Solaris consists of a loadable driver and utilities that transform
a Sun SPARC system running Solaris into an IEEE 488.2 (GPIB)
Controller with complete communications and bus management
capabilities.
NI-488.2 includes the following components:
•
•
•
•
C language interface
Software diagnostic utility
Interactive control utility
Interactive configuration utility
NI-488.2 supports multiple GPIB-SCSI-A boxes installed in a Sun SPARC
system, and is completely compatible with both IEEE 488 and IEEE 488.2
instruments.
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
1-2
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2
Installation
This chapter describes how to install NI-488.2 for Solaris and how to
configure and connect the GPIB-SCSI-A to your Sun SPARC system.
The NI-488.2 software included in this kit is intended for use with Sun
SPARC systems running Solaris 2.5.1 or higher.
Figure 2-1 shows the rear panel of the GPIB-SCSI-A.
A
ON
SCSI
OFF
B
O 1
N
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
O 1
N
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CTS 206-8
CTS 206-8
SW1
SW2
GPIB
Figure 2-1. GPIB-SCSI-A Rear Panel
Configuring the Hardware
The hardware configurations of the SCSI ID (Target ID) and the GPIB
primary address must match the software configuration in the system
configuration files and the NI-488.2 software.
The GPIB-SCSI-A is shipped from the factory with a 100-120 V or a
the voltage on the power supply matches the voltage that is supplied in
your area.
Caution Operating the GPIB-SCSI-A at any voltage other than the one specified on the
bottom of the unit could damage the unit. Replacement fuses must be the proper type and
rating. See Appendix B, Specifications, for fuse information.
© National Instruments Corporation
2-1
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
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Chapter 2
Installation
The GPIB-SCSI-A is shipped from the factory configured to operate
in SCSI (S) mode. Optional parity checking on the SCSI port is disabled.
The SCSI ID that the GPIB-SCSI-A responds to is set at 5, and the primary
GPIB address is set at 0. Additionally, the GPIB-SCSI-A kit is shipped
from the factory with a SCSI terminating resistor installed. Depending
on how you connect the GPIB-SCSI-A to your system, you may want
to remove the terminating resistor.
Note The only parameters available for configuration with this kit are the SCSI ID and the
GPIB address. Do not change any other switch settings from the factory default settings.
The factory default setting of the GPIB-SCSI-A Target ID is 5. To confirm
that a Target ID of 5 is available in your system, print out the startup
messages from the last time you booted with the following command:
dmesg
Among the startup messages are the devices found on the SCSI bus
and their respective Target ID numbers. If a Target ID of 5 is not available
in your system, select an unused Target ID (a number between 0 and 7)
and set the appropriate switch to that Target ID number (refer to the next
section, Configuration Switch Settings for SW1). Typically, Targets 1 and 3
are used by the internal disks, Target 4 is used by a tape drive (if you have
a tape drive), and Target 0 is used by an external disk drive. Target 7 is
always used by the Sun SPARC system central processing unit.
Configuration Switch Settings for SW1
The DIP switch at location SW1 on the rear panel (see Figure 2-1) is used
to configure the power-on primary GPIB address and SCSI ID of the
GPIB-SCSI-A. Figure 2-2 shows the factory default settings.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
O
N
CTS 206-8
SW1
Figure 2-2. SW1 Default Mode Switch Settings
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
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Chapter 2
Installation
The default settings of switches 1 through 3 are ON, OFF, ON, respectively,
to select the SCSI ID of 5. Switches 4 through 8 are OFF, indicating that the
GPIB primary address of the GPIB-SCSI-A is 0.
Tables 2-1 and 2-2 show the possible configurations of the eight switches
for SW1 and what each configuration indicates. Factory default settings are
in bold.
Table 2-1. SW1 Configuration Parameters for Switches 1 through 3
Switches
1
2
3
Indication
SCSI ID of 0
SCSI ID of 1
SCSI ID of 2
SCSI ID of 3
SCSI ID of 4
SCSI ID of 5
SCSI ID of 6
SCSI ID of 7
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Table 2-2. SW1 Configuration Parameters for Switches 4 through 8
Switches
4
5
6
7
8
Indication
OFF GPIB Primary Address 0
ON GPIB Primary Address 1
OFF GPIB Primary Address 2
ON GPIB Primary Address 3
OFF GPIB Primary Address 4
ON GPIB Primary Address 5
OFF GPIB Primary Address 6
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
GPIB Primary Address 7
© National Instruments Corporation
2-3
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
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Chapter 2
Installation
Table 2-2. SW1 Configuration Parameters for Switches 4 through 8 (Continued)
Switches
4
5
6
7
8
Indication
OFF GPIB Primary Address 8
ON GPIB Primary Address 9
OFF GPIB Primary Address 10
ON GPIB Primary Address 11
OFF GPIB Primary Address 12
ON GPIB Primary Address 13
OFF GPIB Primary Address 14
ON GPIB Primary Address 15
OFF GPIB Primary Address 16
ON GPIB Primary Address 17
OFF GPIB Primary Address 18
ON GPIB Primary Address 19
OFF GPIB Primary Address 20
ON GPIB Primary Address 21
OFF GPIB Primary Address 22
ON GPIB Primary Address 23
OFF GPIB Primary Address 24
ON GPIB Primary Address 25
OFF GPIB Primary Address 26
ON GPIB Primary Address 27
OFF GPIB Primary Address 28
ON GPIB Primary Address 29
OFF GPIB Primary Address 30
ON GPIB Primary Address 0
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
2-4
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Chapter 2
Installation
Configuration Switch Settings for SW2
The DIP switch at location SW2 on the rear panel (see Figure 2-1) is used
to configure the mode of operation for the GPIB-SCSI-A. These switch
settings should not be changed for use with the Sun SPARC system.
Figure 2-3 shows the factory default settings. Make sure that these switches
are set as shown in Figure 2-3. If they are not, set these switches as
indicated.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
O
N
CTS 206-8
SW2
Figure 2-3. SW2 Default Mode Switch Settings
Table 2-3 shows the factory default configurations of the eight switches
for SW2.
Table 2-3. Factory Default Configurations for SW2
Switch
Position
OFF
Indication
1–3
4
Reserved and should remain OFF
Double buffering is enabled
ON
5
OFF
GPIB-SCSI-A completes all data requests
to the count specified
6
7
8
ON
ON
GPIB-SCSI-A buffers data during data
transfer commands
GPIB-SCSI-A neither notices nor reports
SCSI parity errors
OFF
Operating in S (SCSI) mode
© National Instruments Corporation
2-5
GPIB-SCSI-A for Solaris
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Chapter 2
Installation
Using SCSI Terminating Resistors
Because of its high-speed capabilities, the SCSI bus is sensitive to the
electrical characteristics of the SCSI cabling. When a signal is sent through
the SCSI bus, it bounces back and creates echoes along the cabling. Any
device in the middle of the daisy-chained SCSI bus receives these signal
echoes. You should use terminating resistor packs to prevent echoes and
ensure proper termination of a signal. Read the documentation for each
device in your system to find out what kind of termination it provides.
If your GPIB-SCSI-A is located at the end of an SCSI bus, you can prevent
echoes by leaving the terminating resistor pack installed on one of the ports
on the rear panel of the GPIB-SCSI-A. Also, ensure that the device at the
other end of the SCSI bus (for example, the SCSI host in Figure 2-4) has
a terminating resistor installed. Remove the terminating resistor packs on
all devices except for the one at each end because SCSI signals are not
reliably passed along the SCSI bus after they reach a device with a
terminator.
Caution Never connect more than two sets of terminating resistors on an SCSI bus because
more than two sets might overload the signals and generate errors.
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Chapter 2
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Figure 2-4 shows where to install terminating resistors if the GPIB-SCSI-A
is located at the end of a system.
2
6
5
1
R
E
L
L
CSI-A
O
C
O
R
-S
T
N
PIB
4
G
C
I
S
S
8
8
4
-
E
E
E
I
E
IV
E
C
E
R
D
N
E
S
N
E
T
IS
L
K
L
A
T
Y
D
A
E
R
R
E
W
O
P
3
1
2
To GPIB Devices
Terminating Resistors
3
4
GPIB-SCSI-A
SCSI Tape Drive
5
6
SCSI Disk Drive
SCSI Host
Figure 2-4. Location of Terminating Resistors for GPIB-SCSI-A at End of SCSI Bus
If your GPIB-SCSI-A is not located at the end of the SCSI bus, remove
the terminating resistor pack from the rear panel of the GPIB-SCSI-A. Also
ensure that all other devices in the middle of the bus (for example, the SCSI
disk drive in Figure 2-5) do not have terminating resistors installed. The
devices at each end of the SCSI bus should have terminating resistors
installed.
© National Instruments Corporation
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Chapter 2
Installation
Figure 2-5 shows where to install terminating resistors if the GPIB-SCSI-A
is at a location other than the end of a system.
2
5
1
6
3
R
I-A
E
L
S
L
O
R
-SC
T
N
IB
P
O
C
G
I
S
C
S
8
8
4
-
E
E
IE
E
IV
E
C
E
R
D
N
E
S
N
E
T
S
I
L
K
L
A
T
Y
D
A
E
R
R
E
W
O
P
4
1
2
SCSI Tape Drive
Terminating Resistors
3
4
To GPIB Devices
GPIB-SCSI-A
5
6
SCSI Disk Drive
SCSI Host
Figure2-5. LocationofTerminatingResistorsforGPIB-SCSI-ANotatEndofSCSI Bus
Connecting the Hardware
The following are general instructions for connecting the GPIB-SCSI-A
to the Sun SPARC system. Consult the chapter on installing external drives
in the installation guide that came with your Sun SPARC system for
specific instructions and warnings.
There are two methods for connecting the GPIB-SCSI-A to the Sun SPARC
system. One method is connecting the GPIB-SCSI-A directly to the Sun
SPARC system unit by using a cable with the proper connectors at each
end. The other method is daisy-chaining. Daisy-chaining is a means of
connecting a number of SCSI devices to a host; thereby, a single port on
the host can serve a variable number of devices. Daisy-chaining is the
suggested method for connecting the GPIB-SCSI-A to the Sun SPARC
system.
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Chapter 2
Installation
Whether you are using a direct connection or daisy-chaining, there are four
basic steps to connecting the GPIB-SCSI-A.
1. Shut down your system and turn off your computer.
2. Connect the cables.
3. Switch on your GPIB-SCSI-A.
4. Power on your system.
Step 1. Shut Down the System
Complete the following steps to shut down your system:
1. Enter the shutdowncommand and turn off your computer. (You need
super-user privilege to do a shutdown.)
2. Unplug the power cord from the power outlet.
Step 2. Connect the Cables
Caution Never connect or disconnect SCSI cables when any device (computer, tape drive,
GPIB-SCSI-A, and so on) is powered on. Doing so can cause fuses to blow inside the
GPIB-SCSI-A and inside other SCSI devices that supply termination power (TERMPWR)
to the SCSI bus.
Complete the following steps to connect the cables:
1. Connect the SCSI cable to the GPIB-SCSI-A and fasten it securely.
Connect the other end to your SCSI system. Be sure to use only
shielded SCSI cables. Total cable length in your SCSI system should
be less than 6 m, and terminating resistors should be installed on both
ends, as described earlier in this chapter.
2. Connect the GPIB cable to the GPIB-SCSI-A and tighten the thumb
screws on the connector. Connect the other end to your GPIB system.
Be sure to use only shielded GPIB cables. Total cable length in your
GPIB system should be less than 20 m, with a maximum separation
of 4 m between any two devices. You should have no more than
15 devices in a GPIB system, and at least two-thirds of those devices
must be powered on.
3. Plug the power cord into an AC outlet of the correct voltage.
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Chapter 2
Installation
Step 3. Switch On Your GPIB-SCSI-A
Switch on your GPIB-SCSI-A by using the rocker switch on the rear panel.
The POWER LED should come on immediately and the READY
indicator on the front panel should come on after the GPIB-SCSI-A has
passed its power-on self-test, indicating that the unit is ready for operation.
If the READY indicator does not come on within 10 seconds after the unit
is powered on, recheck all connections and switch settings and retry the
power-on sequence. If the READY light still fails to come on, contact
National Instruments.
Step 4. Power On Your System
Complete the following steps to power on your system:
1. Plug the power cords of the Sun SPARC system and any other SCSI
equipment into a power outlet.
2. Power on all devices.
3. Power on your system.
Installing NI-488.2
Complete the following steps to install NI-488.2 for Solaris:
1. Insert the NI-488.2 for Solaris installation CD.
2. You must have superuser privilege before you can install NI-488.2 for
Solaris. If you are not already a superuser, type su rootand enter the
root password.
3. Add NI-488.2 to the operating system by entering the following
command.
a. On Solaris 2.5.1 or later versions, the CD automatically mounts
as soon as you insert the CD. If this feature is disabled on your
workstation, you must mount the CD by typing the following
command:
/usr/sbin/mount -o ro -F hsfs /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdrom/cdrom0
b. Enter the following command to add NI-488.2 to your system:
/usr/sbin/pkgadd -d /cdrom/cdrom0 NICscsia
4. Follow the instructions on your screen to complete the installation.
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Chapter 2
Installation
Configuring the Software with ibconf (Optional)
ibconfis an interactive utility you can use to examine or modify the
configuration of the driver. You might want to run ibconfto change
the settings of the software parameters. You must have super-user privilege
to run ibconf.
ibconfis largely self explanatory and contains help screens that explain
all commands and options. For more information on using ibconf, refer
to the NI-488.2M Software Reference Manual.
Complete the following steps to change the default parameters of your
NI-488.2 software. The driver should not be in use while you run ibconf.
1. Log on as super-user (root).
2. Type the following command to start ibconf:
ibconf
After you have installed and configured the software, you should verify the
installation. Refer to Chapter 3, Installation Verification.
Removing NI-488.2 (Optional)
If you ever decide to stop using your GPIB-SCSI-A, you can remove
NI-488.2 from your system. To remove NI-488.2 from the kernel
configuration, you must have superuser privilege and the driver must not
be in use.
Enter the following command to unload the software:
pkgrm NICscsia
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3
Installation Verification
This chapter describes how to verify the software installation.
The software installation test ibtstaverifies that the driver is installed
correctly. It checks for correct access to the device driver.
Run ibtstaby entering the following command:
ibtsta
If no error occurs in ibtsta, NI-488.2 is installed correctly.
If ibtstafails, it displays an error message that explains why the test
failed and how you can correct the problem. If you are unable to run
ibtstasuccessfully after you have followed the on-screen instructions,
refer to Appendix A, Troubleshooting and Common Questions.
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4
Using NI-488.2 with Solaris
This chapter helps you get started with NI-488.2 for Solaris.
Introduction to ibic
The NI-488.2 software includes the Interface Bus Interactive Control
utility, ibic. You can use ibicto enter NI-488 functions and
IEEE 488.2-style functions (also known as NI-488.2 routines) interactively
and display the results of the function calls automatically. Without writing
an application, you can use ibicto do the following:
•
•
•
•
Verify GPIB communication with your device quickly and easily
Become familiar with the commands of your device
Receive data from your GPIB device
Learn new NI-488.2 functions and routines before integrating them
into your application
•
Troubleshoot problems with your application
Enter the following command to run ibic:
ibic
For more information about ibic, refer to Chapter 6, ibic, in the
NI-488.2M Software Reference Manual.
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Chapter 4
Using NI-488.2 with Solaris
Programming Considerations
Depending on the programming language you use to develop your
application, you must include certain files, statements, or global variables
at the beginning of your application. For example, you must include the
header file sys/ugpib.hin your source code if you are using C/C++.
You must link the language interface library with your compiled source
code. Link the GPIB C language interface library using one of the
following commands, where example.cis your application name:
cc example.c -lgpib
or
cc example.c -dy -lgpib
or
cc example.c -dn -lgpib
-dyspecifies dynamic linking, which is the default method. It links the
application to libgpib.so. -dnspecifies static linking in the link editor.
It links the application to libgpib.a. For more information about
compiling and linking, see the manpages for ccand ld.
For information about each NI-488 function and IEEE 488.2-style
function, choosing a programming method, developing your application, or
compiling and linking, refer to the NI-488.2M Software Reference Manual.
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A
Troubleshooting and
Common Questions
This appendix describes how to troubleshoot problems and answers some
common questions. Also refer to Appendix B, Common Errors and Their
Solutions, in the NI-488.2M Software Reference Manual.
Troubleshooting
Caution The GPIB-SCSI-A contains circuitry that operates with hazardous voltages.
Refer service requirements to qualified personnel.
•
•
The SCSI cable must be securely connected to the GPIB-SCSI-A.
If the GPIB-SCSI-A is the last device on the SCSI bus, make sure that
you have placed the terminating resistor pack on one of the SCSI ports
to the Using SCSI Terminating Resistors section of Chapter 2,
Installation, for more information.
The SW1 DIP switch settings on the GPIB-SCSI-A should be set to
the correct SCSI ID (Target ID) and the correct GPIB primary address.
Refer to the Configuration Switch Settings for SW1 section of
Chapter 2, Installation, for more information.
•
•
The SW2 DIP switch should remain in the default configuration. Refer
to the Configuration Switch Settings for SW2 section of Chapter 2,
Installation, for more information.
Check the fuse.
Caution Replacement fuses must be of the proper type and rating. See Appendix B,
Specifications, for fuse information.
•
The GPIB-SCSI-A must be powered on.
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Appendix A
Troubleshooting and Common Questions
Common Questions
How do I know that my GPIB-SCSI-A and driver are installed
correctly?
The ibtstatest verifies that both the hardware and software are installed
correctly. Run ibtstaby entering the following command:
ibtsta
If no error occurs in ibtsta, NI-488.2 is installed correctly.
What do I do if the software verification test fails with an error?
If ibtstafails, make sure that no GPIB cables are connected to the
GPIB-SCSI-A. If necessary, remove and reinstall NI-488.2 from the CD.
If you already have completed the troubleshooting steps, contact National
Instruments.
What could be causing a problem if the installation process fails?
The most probable reason is that the GPIB-SCSI-A is at a different SCSI
Target ID than what you entered during installation. Reinstall using the
correct ID.
How should I check for errors in my GPIB application?
Examine the value of ibstaafter each NI-488 or NI-488.2 call. If a call
fails, the ERR bit of ibstais set and an error code is stored in iberr.
For more information about global status variables, refer to the following
sections in the NI-488.2M Software Reference Manual: the General
Programming Information section in Chapter 3, Understanding the
NI-488.2 Software, and Appendix B, Common Errors and Their Solutions.
When should I use ibic?
You can use ibicto practice communication with your instrument,
troubleshoot problems, and develop your application program. For more
information about ibic, refer to Chapter 6, ibic, in the NI-488.2M
Software Reference Manual.
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Appendix A
What is wrong if ibfind returns a –1?
The driver may not be installed correctly or the nodes may not have been
created when the driver was loaded. Try removing and reinstalling
NI-488.2 from the CD, as described in Chapter 2, Installation.
Also, the file may require read/write privileges you do not have, or you may
have renamed a device. Make sure that the device names in your application
program match the device names in ibconf.
How do I use an NI-488.2 language interface?
For information about using NI-488.2 language interfaces, refer Chapter 4,
Using NI-488.2 with Solaris. Also refer to the NI-488.2M Software
Reference Manual.
How do I communicate with my instrument over the GPIB?
Refer to the documentation that came from the instrument manufacturer.
The command sequences you use are totally dependent on the specific
instrument. The documentation for each instrument should include the
GPIB commands you need to communicate with it. In most cases, NI-488
device-level calls are sufficient for communicating with instruments. Refer
to Chapter 5, NI-488M Software Characteristics and Functions, in the
NI-488.2M Software Reference Manual, for more information.
What information should I have before I call National Instruments?
Please have the results of the diagnostic test ibtsta. You also should have
run ibicto try to find the source of your problem.
Does this driver work with 64-bit Solaris?
Yes. NI-488.2 for Solaris works with either 32-bit or 64-bit Solaris.
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B
Specifications
This appendix lists the electrical, environmental, and physical
specifications of the GPIB-SCSI-A and the recommended operating
conditions.
Electrical Characteristics
Power supply unit................................... 100 to 120 VAC 10%,
50/60 Hz input
or
220 to 240 VAC 10%,
50/60 Hz input
Maximum current requirement .............. 100 to 120 VAC, 90 mA
220 to 240 VAC, 45 mA
Fuse rating and type ............................... 100 to 120 VAC, 200 mA
UL/CSA approved
220 to 240 VAC, 125 mA
IEC approved
Environmental Characteristics
Temperature
Operating ....................................... 0 to 40 °C
Storage ............................................ –20 to 70 °C
Relative humidity
Operating ........................................ 10 to 90% noncondensing
conditions
Storage ............................................ 5 to 90% noncondensing
conditions
EMI ........................................................ FCC Class A Verified
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Appendix B
Specifications
Physical Characteristics
Overall case size .....................................74.5 by 190.2 by 250.9 mm
(2.934 by 7.489 by 9.88 in.)
Case material ..........................................All metal enclosure
Rack mounting........................................Single or dual kits available
Weight.....................................................1.81 kg (4 lb)
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C
Technical Support Resources
Web Support
National Instruments Web support is your first stop for help in solving
installation, configuration, and application problems and questions. Online
problem-solving and diagnostic resources include frequently asked
questions, knowledge bases, product-specific troubleshooting wizards,
manuals, drivers, software updates, and more. Web support is available
through the Technical Support section of ni.com.
NI Developer Zone
The NI Developer Zone at ni.com/zoneis the essential resource for
building measurement and automation systems. At the NI Developer Zone,
you can easily access the latest example programs, system configurators,
tutorials, technical news, as well as a community of developers ready to
share their own techniques.
Customer Education
National Instruments provides a number of alternatives to satisfy your
training needs, from self-paced tutorials, videos, and interactive CDs to
instructor-led hands-on courses at locations around the world. Visit the
Customer Education section of ni.comfor online course schedules,
syllabi, training centers, and class registration.
System Integration
If you have time constraints, limited in-house technical resources, or other
dilemmas, you may prefer to employ consulting or system integration
services. You can rely on the expertise available through our worldwide
network of Alliance Program members. To find out more about our
Alliance system integration solutions, visit the System Integration section
of ni.com.
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Appendix C
Technical Support Resources
Worldwide Support
National Instruments has offices located around the world to help address
your support needs. You can access our branch office Web sites from the
Worldwide Offices section of ni.com. Branch office Web sites provide
up-to-date contact information, support phone numbers, e-mail addresses,
and current events.
If you have searched the technical support resources on our Web site and
still cannot find the answers you need, contact your local office or National
Instruments corporate. Phone numbers for our worldwide offices are listed
at the front of this manual.
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Glossary
Prefix
m-
Meaning
milli-
Value
10–3
103
k-
kilo-
M-
mega-
106
°
degrees
percent
amperes
%
A
ANSI
C
American National Standards Institute
Celsius
DIP
DMA
EMI
g
dual inline package
direct memory access
electromagnetic interference
grams
GPIB
Hz
General Purpose Interface Bus
hertz
IEEE
in.
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
inches
lb
pounds
LED
m
light-emitting diode
meters
MB
RAM
s
megabytes of memory
random-access memory
seconds
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface (bus)
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Glossary
V
volts
VAC
VDC
volts alternating current
volts direct current
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Index
C
E
cables
electrical characteristics, B-1
environmental characteristics, B-1
connecting GPIB cable, 2-9
GPIB cable types, 1-1
caution
operating at wrong voltage, 2-1
cables, 2-9
SCSI bus, 2-6
getting started, 1-1
GPIB cables
disconnecting before running ibtsta, A-2
single shielded or double shielded, 1-1
GPIB communication, A-3
GPIB-SCSI-A
common questions, A-1
configuring
configuring, 2-1
GPIB-SCSI-A, 2-1
operating mode, 2-5
power-on primary GPIB address, 2-2
SCSI ID, 2-2
factory configuration, 2-2
methods for connecting to SPARC
system, 2-8
overview, 1-2
POWER LED, 2-10
software, 2-11
READY LED, 2-10
connecting cables, 2-9
rear panel (figure), 2-1
troubleshooting, A-1
connecting GPIB-SCSI-A to SPARC system
connecting cables, 2-9
powering on the GPIB-SCSI-A, 2-10
powering on your system, 2-10
shutting down the system, 2-9
connecting more than 14 devices, 1-2
customer education, C-1
I
ibconf
configuring software, 2-11
ibfind, A-3
ibic
using, 4-1, A-2
ibtsta
failure, A-2
verifying installation, A-2
installing
D
DIP switch SW1 settings, 2-2
DIP switch SW2 settings, 2-5
NI-488.2, 2-10
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Index
K
kit contents, 1-1
removing the software, 2-11
L
linking GPIB C language interface library to
source code, 4-2
SCSI bus
using terminating resistors, 2-6
shutting down the system, 2-9
N
installing, 2-10
National Instruments Web support, C-1
NI Developer Zone, C-1
NI-488.2
electrical characteristics, B-1
environmental characteristics, B-1
physical characteristics, B-2
superuser privilege
32-bit or 64-bit Solaris, A-3
components, 1-2
configuring with ibconf, 2-11
error checking, A-2
function information, 4-2
ibfind error, A-3
becoming superuser, 2-10
Instruments, C-1
ibic, 4-1, A-2
installing, 2-10
language interfaces, A-3
overview, 1-2
programming considerations, 4-2
removing, 2-11
target ID, 2-2, A-2
technical support resources, C-1
terminating resistors
bus, 2-6
verification error, A-2
GPIB-SCSI-A not at end point of SCSI
bus, 2-7
troubleshooting
O
overview
NI-488.2, 1-2
NI-488.2, A-1
W
P
Web support from National Instruments, C-1
worldwide technical support, C-2
physical characteristics, B-2
programming considerations, 4-2
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