KeyStudio 49i
Keyboard-based Music Production System
User Guide
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Table of Contents
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Introduction
1
Congratulations on your purchase of M-Audio KeyStudio 49i: a 49-key full-size, velocity sensitive USB keyboard, digital piano, audio
interface, and software package, designed for easy integration with your PC or Macintosh computer KeyStudio 49i is ideal for a
multitude of music creation applications
KeyStudio 49i is a USB keyboard controller and standalone digital piano It contains Octave shift buttons, Modulation and Pitch
Bend wheels, and a Piano Volume knob, all of which can be re-assigned to control different MIDI functions KeyStudio 49i is also a
computer audio interface featuring XLR microphone, 1/4” instrument, and RCA inputs, as well as two 1/4” outputs
KeyStudio 49i functions as a class-compliant device This means your computer will recognize the keyboard without the need
to install additional drivers This gives immediate access to all audio inputs and outputs as well as to the built-in MIDI interface
However, as you become more familiar with KeyStudio 49i, you may wish to take advantage of this product’s additional professional
features by installing the KeyStudio 49i drivers
Installing these drivers in Windows improves audio performance by reducing the time it takes for MIDI input (when using software
synthesizers) or audio input signals to appear as audio at your computer’s outputs In Windows, additional benefits from driver
installation include: using your new keyboard with more than one application at the same time (multi-client), sending large SysEx
messages, or using your KeyStudio 49i with Pro Tools M-Powered recording software or the included GM Module software
On a Macintosh computer, installing the M-Audio drivers enables you to use your KeyStudio 49i with Pro Tools M-Powered recording
software
Information on driver installation can be found in the “Connecting KeyStudio 49i to a Computer” chapter of this User Guide
About this User Guide
2
This User Guide covers setup and operation of the KeyStudio 49i USB keyboard, use of the M-Audio GM Module software, and
basic MIDI software setup KeyStudio comes bundled with recording software, but it can also be used with many third-party music
programs See your software’s documentation for more information on this
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4
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
KeyStudio 49i Features
3
Keyboard:
Built-in Audio Interface:
• 49-key velocity sensitive keyboard
• on-board piano sound
• 16-Bit, 44.1KHz, 2-in, 2-out audio interface
• XLR microphone input, 1/4” instrument input, and
stereo RCA inputs
• on-board piano reverb effect
• Pitch Bend wheel
• two rear-panel 1/4” audio outputs
• two front-panel 1/4” headphone outputs
• Modulation wheel; MIDI re-assignable
• Piano Volume knob; MIDI re-assignable
• Octave up/down buttons; MIDI re-assignable
• Sustain foot pedal input; MIDI re-assignable
• MIDI Out port
• dedicated Instrument and Microphone gain control
knobs with signal and peak LEDs
• Direct Monitor knob for near-zero latency monitoring
Power:
• 20 note polyphony
• USB or DC powered (with optional power supply)
• Edit Mode button for advanced functions and
programming
Software:
• bus-powered through USB or DC power for
standalone functionality
• M-Audio GM Module Standalone application and
plug-in
• driver installation not mandatory—simply connect and
power on
• Ableton Live Lite music creation software
What’s in the Box?
4
<
<
<
KeyStudio 49i MIDI controller keyboard / audio interface
Printed Quick Start Guide
M-Audio KeyStudio 49i CD-ROM
•
•
Software drivers and documentation
M-Audio GM Module standalone and plug-in application
<
<
Ableton Live Lite CD-ROM and registration card
USB cable
If any of the above listed items are missing, please contact the retailer where you purchased the product.
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5
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Minimum System Requirements
5
Standalone
Standalone operation refers to using KeyStudio without a computer An optional 9V, 500mA center-positive power supply (sold
separately) is required for standalone operation
Bus-Powered
In this mode of operation, KeyStudio is connected to a PC or Mac with a USB cable When using the KeyStudio 49i with your
computer, your computer system must meet the following minimum specifications
M-Audio KeyStudio 49i Hardware
and GM Module Software:
Windows XP (SP2)*
Windows Vista 32-bit
Mac OS X
• Pentium® III 1GHz or AMD K7
Athlon 1GHz
(CPU may be higher for laptops)
• Pentium® III 1GHz or AMD K7
Athlon 1Ghz
(CPU may be higher for laptops)
• Macintosh G4 1GHz†
• OS X 10.3.9 with 512 MB RAM
• OS X 10.4.9 with 512 MB RAM
• One native USB port
• 512 MB RAM
• 1 GB RAM
• One native USB port
• 128 MB Graphics Card
• One native USB port
• 350 MB free hard disk space for
GM Module
• 350 MB free hard disk space for
GM Module
• 350 MB free hard disk space for
GM Module
• CD-ROM drive for installation of
GM Module
• CD-ROM drive for installation of
GM Module
• CD-ROM drive for installation of
GM Module
†G3/G4 accelerator cards are not
supported.
*Home and Professional Edition only.
Windows Media Center Edition is not
currently supported.
M-Audio suggests you also check the minimum system requirements for any software applications you plan on using with your new
M-Audio hardware, as they may be greater than the above.
Important: Connect your Headphones or powered speakers to KeyStudio 49i. Sounds created by KeyStudio and from software
used with it will be available at the audio outputs on KeyStudio 49i (and not on the outputs of your computer’s built-in soundcard).
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6
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Controls and Connectors
6
Top Panel Diagram
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Top Panel Descriptions
1 Modulation Wheel (Modulation): This is an assignable controller with a default of controlling vibrato or tremolo
effects assigned to the instrument you are currently playing This type of real-time controller was originally introduced
on electronic keyboards to give the performer options such as adding vibrato, just like players of acoustic instruments
do If you are using your keyboard as a MIDI controller, the Modulation wheel transmits MIDI modulation (MIDI CC 01)
messages as it is moved Some external MIDI devices may not respond to modulation messages, and not all instruments
respond to modulation data sent from the Modulation wheel Check the MIDI implementation charts provided with your
other MIDI equipment or software for modulation details Details on how to change the function of this wheel can be
found in the “Advanced Features in Edit Mode” section
2 Headphone Outputs (Phones): These two output jacks accept standard 1/4” TRS headphone plugs, and are rated to
accept headphones in a broad range of impedances, between 32 and 600 ohms
3 Pitch Bend Wheel (Pitch Bend): The Pitch Bend wheel is used to bend the pitch of a note up or down This enables
you to play phrases not normally associated with keyboard playing, including guitar-style riffs If you are using your
keyboard as a MIDI controller, the Pitch Bend wheel transmits MIDI pitch bend messages as it is moved Some external
MIDI devices may not respond to pitch bend messages Check the MIDI implementation charts provided with your other
MIDI equipment or software for pitch bend details
4 Octave < > Buttons (Octave): By default, these buttons apply octave shift to the notes played on the keyboard
Pressing the Octave > button (right) will shift the notes played on the keyboard up by one octave When octave shift is
active (i e after pressing this button) the LED above this button will light Pressing the Octave < button (left) will shift the
notes played on the keyboard down by one octave Pressing both Octave buttons together will restore the default octave
(Octave shift = 0) Any lit LEDs will go out and the keyboard will now transmit MIDI notes that are not octave-shifted
The Octave buttons can also be assigned to send different MIDI data This is explained in the “Advanced Features in Edit
Mode” section
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
5 Edit Mode Button (Edit Mode): When this button is pressed, the keyboard will enter “Edit Mode ” While in Edit Mode,
the keys on the keyboard no longer send MIDI notes, and instead are used to select advanced functions and enter data
See the “Advanced Features in Edit Mode” section for more information on this topic
6 Master Volume Fader (Master Vol.): The Master Volume fader controls the main audio volume output
7 Microphone Gain Knob (Mic. Gain): The signal (green) LED illuminates when incoming audio signal is greater than
-20dB The peak (red) LED illuminates when incoming audio signal is greater than -1dB
8 Instrument Gain Knob (Inst. Gain): The signal (green) LED illuminates when incoming audio signal is greater than
-20dB The peak (red) LED illuminates when incoming audio signal is greater than -1dB ”
9 Mono Button (Mono): This is an analog button that sums the Microphone and Instrument inputs When active, input
signals will be routed to both, the left and the right side of your stereo speakers or headphones, making them appear
centered in the stereo panorama
When recording while the Mono Button is active, signals from the Microphone Input and Instrument Input will be merged
and recorded to both, the left and the right side of a stereo track in your recording software If signals are entering the
keyboard through the Aux inputs or if you’re playing the built-in Piano sound while recording, then all sounds will be
merged and recorded to the same audio track
This makes it easy to record an entire performance to a stereo track by the push of a button
Note: The Mono button does not affect signals from the Aux Inputs or the the build-in Piano sound.
10 Direct Monitor Knob (Direct Monitor): The Direct Monitor knob controls the amount of audio input signal flowing
directly to the 1/4” audio outputs
11 Piano Reset Button (Piano Reset): The Piano Reset button sends “All Notes Off” and “Reset All Controllers” MIDI
messages on MIDI channel 1 This button restores basic piano and keyboard controller functions, including resetting the
Modulation wheel, Piano Volume Knob, and Sustain Pedal to their default settings
12 Piano Volume Knob (Piano Vol.): This is an assignable controller with a default of controlling the volume of the piano
sound flowing to the 1/4” audio outputs Details on how to change the function of this knob can be found in the “Knob
Assign Key” section of the “Advanced Features in Edit Mode” section of this User Guide
13 Reverb On/Off Button (Reverb On/Off): This button engages the internal reverb effect of KeyStudio 49i The reverb
depth can be controlled via MIDI CC commands See the “Advanced Features in Edit Mode” chapter of this User Guide
for more information on this
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Rear Panel Descriptions:
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14 1/4” Audio Outputs (Output R—L (Mono)): These are unbalanced tip-sleeve (TS) audio outputs for the piano sound,
signal from all inputs, and audio signal coming from your computer If you are connecting to a mono (1 channel) device or
amplifier, use the left 1/4” output
15 Auxiliary RCA Inputs (Aux Input R—L): These inputs mix with the XLR and 1/4” inputs, and also send their signal to
the audio outputs These inputs can receive signal from a variety of sources including mixers, stereo receivers, and other
external sound producing equipment
16 1/4” Instrument Input (Instrument): This tip-sleeve (TS) unbalanced connector enables you to plug in an instrument,
such as an electric guitar or bass
17 XLR Microphone Audio Input (Microphone): This input accepts a dynamic microphone connected via a standard
three-pin balanced XLR cable
18 Sustain Pedal Jack (Sustain): You can plug any polarity foot pedal (not included) into the Sustain Pedal jack on your
KeyStudio 49i The keyboard will automatically detect the correct polarity when powering up If you want to reverse the
polarity, just make sure the pedal is pressed when you switch on your keyboard The sustain foot pedal is normally used
for sustaining the sound you are playing without having to keep your hands on the keyboard, just like a piano
19 MIDI Out Jack (MIDI Out): Your new MIDI controller can connect to optional external MIDI devices such as
synthesizers or sound modules By default, MIDI data created by KeyStudio 49i is sent to this MIDI output port However,
it is possible to configure KeyStudio to act as a USB to MIDI interface, allowing MIDI data from your computer to be sent
to this port Please see section “MIDI Out Mode Key” on page 26 for more information
20 USB Port: This enables you to connect to an available USB port on your computer using the USB cable provided
21 DC Power Supply Port (9V DC): Connect a 9V DC >500mA center-positive power supply (sold separately) to this jack
when using KeyStudio 49i in standalone mode
22 On/Off Switch: This On/Off switch turns KeyStudio 49i on and off
23 Kensington® Security Slot: This slot is compatible with Kensington® security cables to protect your device from theft
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Hardware Connections
7
Audio Inputs
A dynamic microphone can be connected to the XLR input located on the rear panel, and an instrument such as a guitar or bass can
be connected to the 1/4” input jack, also located on the rear panel Each of these two inputs has an independent preamp featuring a
dedicated gain control knob, and level and clip LEDs Two analog RCA inputs are also located on the back panel Signal from these
inputs is mixed with the Microphone and Instrument inputs before being routed through the USB connection to a connected Mac
or PC
Audio Outputs
Connect the two analog 1/4” outputs (located on the rear panel of the KeyStudio) to powered monitors, an amplifier, or a mixer You
may also monitor through headphones by connecting one or two sets of headphones to the 1/4” stereo headphone outputs, located
on the front panel
MIDI Connections
In addition to the USB MIDI connection between KeyStudio 49i and your computer, you can connect the MIDI output of the
KeyStudio 49i to an external MIDI device’s MIDI input This enables you to control an external synthesizer or sound module via your
computer, using the KeyStudio as a USB to MIDI interface, or as a standalone MIDI controller keyboard
Other Connections
A sustain pedal can be connected to the 1/4” Sustain pedal jack on the back of KeyStudio
Connecting KeyStudio 49i to a Computer
8
KeyStudio 49i functions as a class-compliant device, and your computer will recognize the keyboard without additional drivers This
gives immediate access to all audio inputs and outputs as well as to the built-in MIDI interface As you become more familiar with the
KeyStudio keyboard, you may wish to take advantage of this product’s additional professional features by installing the KeyStudio 49i
drivers
In Windows, these additional features include: using your new keyboard with more than one application at the same time (multi-
client), sending large SysEx messages, or using your KeyStudio 49i with Pro Tools M-Powered recording software or the included
GM Module software Installing the KeyStudio ASIO drivers in Windows also improves audio performance by reducing the time it
takes for MIDI input (when using software synthesizers) or audio input signal to appear as audio at your computer’s outputs
On a Macintosh computer, installing the M-Audio drivers enables you to use your KeyStudio 49i with Pro Tools M-Powered recording
software
The Windows and Mac OS X drivers are found on the KeyStudio 49i CD-ROM included with this package
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
KeyStudio 49i Windows Driver Installation
9
NOTE: If you are installing the drivers for KeyStudio 49i on your Windows XP or Windows Vista computer, disconnect your
KeyStudio until you are instructed to connect it.
To install the Windows drivers for KeyStudio 49i:
1 Insert the M-Audio KeyStudio 49i CD-ROM into your computer’s CD-ROM drive
2 The computer will automatically display the interactive install screen If your computer fails to launch the installer, manually
start it by clicking on Start > My Computer > M-Audio KeyStudio 49i
3 Choose the KeyStudio 49i keyboard from the pull down menu and click “Install ”
4 Follow the driver installer’s on-screen direction prompts
5 At various points in this installation process, you may be notified that the driver being installed has not passed Windows
Logo Testing, or asked whether the program you wish to run is a trusted application Click Continue Anyway or Install to
proceed with installation
6 Click “Finish” once the installer has completed the installation
7 Connect your KeyStudio 49i to an available USB port using the cable provided *
8 Make sure that the power switch on the back of the keyboard is in the “on” (I) position
9 You will be asked if you want to search the Internet for a driver Select “No, not this time” and click “Next ”
10 Windows will display a Found New Hardware Wizard
11 Choose “Install the software automatically,” and click Next
12 Follow the on-screen direction prompts and click “Finish” when the Found New Hardware Wizard has completed
*The single USB cable not only powers the keyboard but also sends MIDI data to and from your computer system.
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
KeyStudio 49i Macintosh Driver Installation
10
M-Audio driver installation is not required in order to use KeyStudio 49i with the GM Module software on your Macintosh
OS X computer These drivers are however, required for Pro Tools M-Powered use
NOTE: Disconnect your KeyStudio 49i keyboard from your computer until the appropriate driver files have been copied to your
hard drive. Be sure to leave your KeyStudio 49i disconnected until instructed to connect it below.
1 Download the most recent KeyStudio 49i Macintosh drivers by going to the Support > Drivers page at www m-audio com
2 Double-click the file once it has finished downloading
3 Follow the driver installer’s on-screen instructions During Installation, Mac OS X will ask you to enter your user name and
password Enter this information and click OK to confirm If you have not configured a password for your computer, leave
the password field blank and click OK If you are not the computer’s owner, ask the owner or your Administrator for the
missing information
4 Click “Close” once the installer has completed the installation and connect your KeyStudio 49i keyboard to your
computer using the USB cable provided *
5 Your KeyStudio 49i is now ready to use
*The single USB cable not only powers the keyboard but also sends MIDI data to and from your computer system.
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
KeyStudio 49i and the M-Audio GM Module Software
11
The M-Audio GM Module User Interface
Note: Installation instructions for the M-Audio GM Module software can be found in the printed Quick Start Guide included
with your KeyStudio 49i. The GM Module software requires the KeyStudio 49i hardware to be connected. Additionally,
Windows users will need to install the KeyStudio 49i drivers for the GM Module software to launch.
Overview
M-Audio GM Module is a 16-channel, multi-timbral General MIDI sound player The GM Module software provides 128 instruments
(0-127) It receives MIDI messages from your KeyStudio 49i USB keyboard, and sends audio signal out of the KeyStudio audio
outputs
Both the standalone and the plug-in versions of the software also contain a GM standard drum and percussion kit on channel 10
Its polyphony and the number of instances that can be run at the same time in plug-in mode are limited only by your computer’s
performance
The following is an explanation of the technical terms used in the previous paragraph Understanding these terms will not only help to
get the most out of M-Audio GM Module, but will also be useful on your path as an electronic musician
MIDI
MIDI is an abbreviation for Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIDI in itself is a means of digital communication– no sound is
transmitted over a MIDI connection, but only a series of digital messages that tell a connected sound generator (like the M-Audio
GM Module) what to do For example, if you hit the middle C on the KeyStudio keyboard, the keyboard will send a “Note On”
message, together with information about the pitch (middle C) and how hard or fast you hit the note (Velocity) The connected
sound generator will in turn play the sound for the middle C If you let go of middle C, the KeyStudio keyboard will send a “Note Off”
message for the same note and the sound generator will stop playing All this happens very fast and you usually don’t have to think
about it, but it’s good to know
When MIDI was invented, a number of additional rules and specifications were defined Some of them are directly responsible for
the way the M-Audio GM Module looks and functions:
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
16 Channels
It is no coincidence that M-Audio GM Module has 16 channels The definition of the MIDI standard specifies 16 MIDI channels
for every MIDI connection This means that up to 16 independent data streams (carrying Note On/Off messages etc ) can be
transmitted at the same time M-Audio GM Module makes use of all of them and can simultaneously play a different instrument on
each of its 16 synthesizer channels Always match the MIDI channel(s) you transmit on to the desired channel(s) of M-Audio GM
Module Channel 10 plays a special role in General MIDI compatible synthesizers You will always find the GM Drum Kit on this
channel
General MIDI
General MIDI is where M-Audio GM Module got its name GM stands for General MIDI While MIDI defines the principle used for
communication between musical instruments, the General MIDI standard defines what kind of sounds and features a GM-compliant
synthesizer has to offer This was necessary for compatibility between musicians and songwriters Imagine the following situation:
Musician A creates a MIDI song and sends it to Musician B for further refinement They are both using different synthesizer models
and when musician B plays the song back, it sounds completely different from what musician A had intended The GM standard
dictates that a compliant synthesizer has to have 128 standardized instruments (also called Patches) that are sorted and numbered
a certain way As an example, the first instrument in a GM compliant synthesizer is always the Acoustic Grand Piano If musicians A
and B are both using synthesizers that are GM compliant (regardless of the make and model of the synthesizer), then the song will
sound very similar when played back on either one of them Many of today’s synthesizers are General MIDI compliant or can operate
in a mode that allows for this M-Audio GM Module is based on the General MIDI standard Its instrument categories, instruments,
effects and settings are according to GM standard for maximum compatibility
128 Patches and the GM drum kit
As explained in the previous paragraph, General MIDI defines the 128 instruments (also called patches) a synthesizer has to offer
to be GM compliant A complete list of GM patches can be found in Appendix A Additionally, and also according to General MIDI
standard, M-Audio GM Module provides a Drum Kit on channel 10 All the used drum- and percussion sounds are mapped to the
keys as defined by the GM standard A GM drum mapping chart can be found in Appendix B
Multi-Timbral
Multi-Timbral means, that a synthesizer can produce multiple instrument sounds at the same time For example, play Piano on
channel 1, Bass on channel 2 and Drum sounds on channel 10 – all at the same time M-Audio GM Module can play different
instruments on all of its channels simultaneously and is therefore 16x multi-timbral
Polyphony
The polyphony of a synthesizer stands for the number of notes it can play simultaneously Some older synthesizers have very
limited polyphony For example, if a synthesizer has a polyphony of only 3 notes, you can play a 3-note chord with your left hand
without problems However, once you attempt to play an additional note with your right hand, you exceed the maxium polyphony by
attempting to play 4 notes at a time As a result, one of the notes played with your left hand will stop playing in favor of the new note
triggered with your right hand M-Audio GM Module has no such limitation and allows you to play as many notes at the same time as
your computer’s CPU can handle
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
GM Module Standalone Operation with KeyStudio 49i
When configured for standalone use, the KeyStudio keyboard is connected to the computer, and the GM Module software is
launched independently of any recording application With this setup, the software automatically receives MIDI messages from
your KeyStudio USB keyboard All sounds generated by the GM Module software will automatically be routed to the two 1/4” audio
outputs on the KeyStudio 49i keyboard In most cases, MIDI input or audio output selection and configuration is not necessary *
* Note: To optimize performance in Windows, you may wish to adjust the buffer setting within the KeyStudio 49i
software Control Panel. Please see the KeyStudio 49i Software Audio Control Panel section of this User Guide for
more information on this.
When the M-Audio GM Module software is launched in standalone mode, it sends a MIDI message to the KeyStudio keyboard This
message programs the Octave buttons on KeyStudio 49i to send program change messages The GM Module software always
opens with program zero selected on GM Module channel 1 This mutes GM Module, allowing only the KeyStudio 49i built-in piano
sound to be heard Pushing the Octave “>” button unmutes GM Module, and allows you to step through program numbers 1-127,
which trigger General MIDI sounds in the GM Module software (see the User Guide Appendix A) The built-in piano sound in
KeyStudio 49i will remain silent while playing any of the GM Module sounds when the software is in standalone mode If program
zero is once again selected on GM Module channel 1, the GM Module software will once again be muted, and the KeyStudio 49i
built-in piano sound will be heard
Audio Configuration
Windows
In Windows, the standalone version of the GM Module software provides additional audio and MIDI configuration settings
within a pull-down menu item, called “GM Module ” This menu includes the following items:
•
Preferences: Opens the Preferences Dialog This dialog includes the following parameters:
ꢀ MIDI Input Device: Lets you select the MIDI input for GM Module
ꢀ Audio Output Device: Lets you select the audio output for GM Module
Note: The KeyStudio 49i drivers need to be installed in order to use the GM Module software and for the KeyStudio 49i
audio outputs to appear here.
Macintosh
In Mac OS X, the standalone version of the GM Module software provides additional audio and MIDI configuration settings
within a pull-down menu item called ”GM Module ” This menu includes the following items:
•
•
About M-Audio GM Module: Opens the About box of GM module, which includes version information and credits
Preferences: Opens the Preferences dialog This dialog includes the following parameters:
ꢀ Audio Output Device: Lets you select the audio output for GM Module
ꢀ MIDI Input Device: Lets you select the MIDI input for GM Module
Note: KeyStudio 49i is pre-configured to transmit MIDI messages on MIDI channel 1. When initially using your
KeyStudio with the GM Module software, you will most likely only see activity on the first one of the Level Meters. See
the “Advanced MIDI Features in Edit Mode” section of this User Guide for instructions on how to change the MIDI
transmission channel in order to control any M-Audio GM Module channel.
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Using the M-Audio GM Module as a Plug-in
M-Audio GM Module works as a plug-in with many applications such as Pro Tools (RTAS), Cubase (VST) as well as Logic and
GarageBand (Audio Units) When running the GM Module software as a plug-in, your host application’s MIDI input settings
determine the MIDI information received by GM Module Some host applications can only address the first of the 16 channels
when using GM Module as a plug-in Load multiple instances of the M-Audio GM Module in several tracks of the host application
to overcome this limitation Some host applications allow a single instance of a plug-in to be used with multiple MIDI channels
but require additional configuration steps to achieve this We recommend making these additional settings since this method of
operation is far more CPU efficient when compared to the use of multiple instances of the plug-in within several tracks Consult your
host application’s documentation for details
Global Settings
The functions explained in this section affect all 16 channels of M-Audio GM Module
Load/Save
Clicking the area above the Load and Save buttons produces a drop-down list of any user-defined presets stored in the
M-Audio GM Module default preset folder (General MIDI Module Patches) This folder can be found within the General MIDI
Module Data folder defined during installation To load a preset from this location, select it from this drop-down menu To save
a preset, click the Save button Saving your custom preset within the default preset folder will add it to the drop-down menu
accessible by clicking in the area above the Load and Save buttons To load a preset stored in any other location than the
default preset folder, click the Load button and then browse to the folder that holds the preset The number of presets that can
be stored is virtually unlimited and only restricted by available hard drive space
Fine Tune
Click and hold the Fine Tune control, and drag up or down to fine-tune the pitch of all voices produced by M-Audio GM
Module
Transpose
Click and hold the Transpose control, and drag up or down to change the pitch of all voices produced by the M-Audio GM
module in half-note steps Select any value between -24 (2 Octaves down) and +24 (2 Octaves up)
Master Volume
Adjusts the volume of the entire M-Audio GM Module Click and hold the Master Volume control, and turn the dial clock-wise
to increase the volume level
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Channel Specific Settings
The M-Audio GM Module has 16 individual channels that correspond to the 16 channels defined in the MIDI specification All 16
channels of GM Module can simultaneously produce sounds Each of these channels can be set to a different instrument and has its
own Volume, Pan, Tone, Category/Instrument, Chorus, Reverb, Mute and Solo controls The displayed controls always only affect the
selected channel
Channels 1-16
To select a channel, click on its level meter located above the channel’s number * The selected channel will appear with an
outline around its level meter The set of controls to the right of the channel meter display will only affect the selected channel
The General MIDI standard provides for 16 MIDI channels, 15 of them with the same set of 128 available instruments
Channel 10 is an exception and plays a special role since this channel is always mapped to the General MIDI drum kit This
assignment is fixed and cannot be changed
* Important: Clicking the level meter of a channel selects that channel for editing and allows you to change its sound
patch, reverb level, chorus level, volume, and pan settings.
However, selecting a channel in the GM Module software does NOT mean that KeyStudio will trigger instruments on that
channel. To do that, you need to change the MIDI transmission channel on the KeyStudio 49i hardware to the corresponding
MIDI channel.
Example: To play the GM drum kit located on channel 10 of GM Module, change the MIDI transmission channel on
KeyStudio 49i to MIDI channel 10 (see chapter 16 for details). To alter the drum kit’s settings, click on level meter 10 in the
GM Module software, then move the on-screen controls to alter parameters like reverb or chorus level, drum kit volume, etc.
M (Mute)
This is the GM channel mute for a selected channel The level meters of muted channels appear in a lighter shade of gray and
will not show any meter activity – even if MIDI messages are received on this channel A muted channel does not output any
sound
S (Solo)
This is the GM channel solo for a selected channel Soloing a channel will mute all other 15 channels of the M-Audio GM
Module software Accordingly, all channels with exception of the Soloed channel will be displayed in a lighter shade of gray
and will not show any meter activity – even if MIDI messages are received on these channels Only the Soloed channel will
output sound while all other channels will remain silent
Note: If the GM Module is set to program zero in standalone mode so the KeyStudio 49i piano sound is heard, pressing
Solo on a different channel on the GM Module does not mute the KeyStudio 49i built-in piano sound.
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Category
The M-Audio GM Module arranges its sounds into the General MIDI standard categories Clicking this field produces a drop-
down menu of all categories Appendix A shows a list of all available categories and the contained instruments
Note: Although selecting a new Category changes the display of the Instrument control, it is necessary to select a
sound from the Instrument control to load it. This is useful when using the GM Module software in live performance
situations where it may be undesirable for the first sound in a category to immediately load. In such situations, it is
usually preferred to have the previous sound loaded until you select the particular sound from within a category.
Instrument
Clicking this field produces a drop-down menu of all patches within a category for selection Appendix A shows a list of all
available instruments and their categories
Note: When using the mouse to change instruments on the GM Module software, the built-in piano sound and sounds from
GM Module may play at the same time. This simultaneous playing of two sounds can be stopped by turning the KeyStudio
49i Local mode off. This silences the KeyStudio 49i built-in piano sound, and only allows sounds from GM Module to
be heard. See the Local Key portion of the Advanced MIDI Features in Edit Mode section of this User Guide for more
information on how to turn Local mode off.
Chorus
Applies a standard GM chorus to the selected channel Turn this dial clock-wise to increase- and counter clock-wise to
decrease the amount of chorus applied to the selected channel / instrument
Reverb
Applies a standard GM reverb to the selected channel Turn this dial clock-wise to increase- and counter clock-wise to
decrease the amount of Reverb applied to the selected channel / instrument
Volume
Sets the volume for the selected channel Turn this dial clock-wise to increase and counter clock-wise to decrease the volume
of the selected channel / instrument
Pan
Controls the pan position for the selected channel If the dial is centered, equal amounts of signal will be sent to both, the left
and the right side of the stereo panorama If the dial is moved clock-wise, the right side of the stereo panorama will increase in
level while the left side of the panorama will decrease in level As a result, an instrument will appear as if positioned further to
the right in the stereo panorama The opposite effect applies when turning this dial counter clock-wise
Tone
The tone control adjusts the brightness of the patch Turn this dial clock-wise for a brighter sound and counter clock-wise for a
decrease in brightness
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Getting Started with MIDI Music Creation Software
12
If you are new to MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), you may initially find it challenging to understand how KeyStudio
interacts with the computer You will find that using a computer-based sound source and recording system allows for access to
an extremely large array of high quality sounds, a large graphic user interface, and freedom to work with many music creation
applications A basic understanding of MIDI will enable you to take advantage of its wealth of creative possibilities
Pressing one of the keys of KeyStudio 49i causes the keyboard to send out MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) data MIDI
data gives instructions on how a sound should play These instructions dictate parameters such as what note to play, when to play it,
how loud to play it, and which sound to use
When using a virtual instrument within recording software such as Ableton Live Lite, data from the KeyStudio keyboard can be sent
to the sequencer software, routed to a virtual instrument that is loaded within that software, and sent to an audio output, turning MIDI
data into audible sounds For this, you must configure your music software to read MIDI data being sent from KeyStudio and play the
sound back accordingly In many music applications, this entails going into the Options, Preferences, or Device Set-Up menu in your
music software application and selecting the appropriate MIDI input device
In Windows XP and Windows Vista, the KeyStudio MIDI input will appear as “USB Audio Device” if the optional drivers have not
been installed After installing these drivers, KeyStudio will appear as “M-Audio KeyStudio IO ”* Please consult your software’s
documentation for instructions on how to configure the software for use with MIDI input devices
Figure A: Sample MIDI device dialog window without
Figure B: Sample MIDI device dialog window with
optional KeyStudio drivers installed.
optional KeyStudio drivers installed.
*The actual KeyStudio name displayed by the computer may vary slightly depending on what recording software is
being used.
In addition to selecting MIDI inputs, audio outputs must be selected to hear sounds created by virtual MIDI instruments Be sure
“M-Audio KeyStudio IO” or “USB Audio Device” is selected as the audio output within your recording software, and that you have
headphones connected to the headphone outputs on the front of KeyStudio or amplified speakers connected to 1/4” outputs on the
back of KeyStudio
In Windows XP and Windows Vista, the audio outputs of KeyStudio 49i will appear as “USB Audio Device” if the optional drivers are
not installed, and as “M-Audio KeyStudio IO Out 1/2” if theses drivers are installed As mentioned earlier in this section, the actual
KeyStudio name displayed by the computer may vary slightly depending on what recording software is being used
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
The KeyStudio 49i Software Audio Control Panel
(Windows Only)
13
When the KeyStudio 49i audio drivers are installed, the Control Panel software is also installed onto your computer system The
Control Panel gives you access to certain audio hardware parameters and status readouts
The M-Audio KeyStudio 49i Control Panel icon appears on the task bar (located close to the “clock”), and is also accessible from
the Windows Control Panel Double click the M-Audio Control Panel icon to open it
The following screenshot shows the KeyStudio 49i Control Panel in Windows XP
Latency
The Latency Page in the Windows XP and Windows Vista control panel enables you to adjust the unit’s buffer size in order to
achieve optimal balance between system stability and audio latency
Latency is defined as the time it takes for your MIDI input (when using software synthesizers) or audio input signals to appear as
audio at your computer’s outputs
Smaller buffer sizes result in lower latency, but may not function well with slower computer systems The Latency slider selects the
buffer size that KeyStudio 49i uses to handle digital audio streaming If you notice significant latency when using KeyStudio 49i, you
can experiment with lower settings If you experience stuttering or crackling in your audio playback, try using a higher latency setting
About
This page displays the KeyStudio 49i Control Panel, firmware, and driver version, and enables you to connect to the M-Audio
website for updates
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
KeyStudio 49i Audio Setup and Controls
14
Using the Mic and Instrument Inputs
Channel 1 of M-Audio KeyStudio 49i is a high gain, low noise microphone preamp It is a low impedance input with an XLR
connector for a dynamic microphone Channel 2 contains a high impedance instrument preamp, designed to add gain to an
electric guitar or bass, or even a high impedance microphone You may also attach a direct box or passive transformer to the
M-Audio KeyStudio Microphone Input (Channel 1), which will then allow you to plug another electric or acoustic guitar or other high
impedance instrument into the M-Audio KeyStudio’s Mic Input Additional information on using the Mic and Instrument inputs can be
found in the next two sections
Setting Input Gain
M-Audio KeyStudio 49i provides up to 45dB of gain on the Channel 1 Mic In and 35dB of gain on the Channel 2 Instrument
In Microphones, electric guitars, and electric basses typically emit a low signal level, requiring a “pre-amp” such as M-Audio
KeyStudio 49i provides
Plug in your microphone or instrument with the gain controls turned down, and turn the gain up incrementally while testing
the mic or playing the instrument When the green signal LED shows fairly consistent activity, you’ve reached a good signal
level for the M-Audio KeyStudio mic preamp Some users may wish to experiment a little further to find what audibly might be
referred to as a “sweet spot ” Note that when the red clip LED lights, it is indicating that the preamp output is very close to
peaking (-1 dB), and the input signal is on the threshold of distorting Let your ears be the judge, but when the clip LED lights
and stays lit, you are approaching or have reached distortion in your M-Audio KeyStudio signal
The best method to find the ideal recording level is to turn up the input gain, and then turn it down once you’ve started to
clip the input signal You must also consider the level that is being sent from M-Audio KeyStudio to your recording software
Check the input meters within your software and make sure that they are neither too low nor clipping (too “hot”) An
adjustment in gain on M-Audio KeyStudio may be necessary, but your optimal recording level within your software should
approach but never reach the maximum level Additionally, because the M-Audio KeyStudio 49i preamps provide quite a bit of
gain, it is recommended to turn the gain all the way down on unused inputs You will find more information on setting record
levels in the manual of your music software
Using the Aux Inputs
M-Audio KeyStudio 49i has a pair of line inputs labeled “Aux Input ” They are designed to interface with both the left and right input
from a stereo source, such as a synthesizer, drum machine, or CD player
Using computer software (like Ableton Live Lite or M-Audio Session) to record your MIDI sequences or KeyStudio 49i piano
performances as audio tracks allows you to apply software plug-in effects to these tracks MIDI sequences from an external sound
module can be recorded by connecting your external MIDI module’s audio outputs to your KeyStudio Aux inputs In Local On mode,
the KeyStudio 49i built-in piano sound can be recorded as audio by selecting the inputs of KeyStudio 49i within your recording
software and then playing the keyboard After recording, you can mix those tracks with other audio tracks (such as vocals and guitar)
entirely from within your computer
Important: The Aux inputs and the built-in piano sound blend with the Instrument and Microphone inputs before their
signals are sent to a connected computer via USB. If the Aux inputs or the built-in piano sound are used simultaneously
with the Instrument and Microphone inputs, the resulting recording will be a mix of the various signals. It is not possible
to separate these blended signals after a recording has been made. If you want to edit or mix the Piano, Microphone,
Instrument or Aux inputs after the recording has been made, then you will need to do the recording of each of these sound
sources one at a time and on separate tracks.
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Using Direct Monitoring
When a microphone or instrument is plugged into the inputs of M-Audio KeyStudio 49i, its signal needs to be converted to a digital
signal, which then gets sent to the computer via the USB cable From there, it gets sent to your music software and gets processed,
then turns around and comes back to the audio outputs Even though KeyStudio uses the latest hardware and software technology,
it might take a few fractions of a second to make this trip This delay (latency) is not a problem when playing back music, but it can
be distracting when recording music To compensate for this delay, M-Audio KeyStudio 49i has a feature called Direct Monitor
Direct Monitor sends the signal from the Channel 1 and 2 inputs directly to the Outputs, without any of the delay caused by traveling
to and from the computer The Direct Monitor knob controls the level of the signal from the Channel 1 and 2 inputs to the Main
and Headphone Outputs Use this knob to set the monitoring level of the mic or instrument that you are recording relative to the
audio tracks that are playing from your computer When using Direct Monitor, you will need to disable any monitoring feature in your
computer recording software. Otherwise, you will hear your input played back twice—once through Direct Monitor, and again from
your computer Either turn off record or input monitoring, mute the channels you are recording to, or send their output to
another bus
In a typical Direct Monitor application, plug your microphone and guitar into Channel 1 and Channel 2 on the rear panel Arm a
pair of inputs in your computer recording software and set their recording levels using the gain controls on the M-Audio KeyStudio
As detailed in the previous sections, you want the recording level to be as high as possible without distorting Make sure that the
recording software is not outputting the audio you’re recording, or else you will hear the signal played twice from the outputs Next,
set the Direct Monitor Level for your speakers or headphones and you are ready to record If you are recording your mic and guitar
while listening to tracks already recorded in your computer, you might want to listen once and set your Direct Monitor Level relative to
the tracks playing from your computer
The Mono Button
When this button is not pressed, the Microphone input will be sent to the Left Output and the Instrument input will be sent to the
Right Output This means that you will only hear yourself on one speaker instead of on both while recording one input source at a
time (Microphone or Instrument)
When the Mono button is pressed, the Microphone input sends its signal to both the Left and Right Outputs, and the Instrument
input also sends its signal to both the Left and Right Outputs This means that you will hear yourself on both speakers while
recording from any one input source
The Mono button does not only affect the way you hear yourself while recording (monitoring), but also how the signal is recorded by
your computer If the Mono button is active and you are recording to a stereo track in your sequencing software, any Mono source
(such as a Microphone or a connected instrument) will be recorded to both channels of the stereo track (left and right) and will
appear in the stereo center
If you want to record from the Microphone and Instrument inputs simultaneously, but would like the resulting recordings to remain
editable individually, then you must not activate the Mono button and will have to create two independent mono recording tracks in
your sequencing software The first mono track has to be configured to record from input 1 and the second mono track needs to be
configured to record from input 2 of KeyStudio 49i
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Sample Operating Scenarios
The following diagrams illustrate two scenarios, intended as examples of how M-Audio KeyStudio 49i might be used
Typical Setup #1
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Typical Setup #1 shows the M-Audio KeyStudio 49i with a microphone plugged into the Microphone input on Channel 1, and an
electric guitar plugged into the Instrument input on Channel 2. A CD player is plugged into the auxiliary inputs (the volume of the
CD player may need to be adjusted so the signal coming from the CD player does not distort). The main outputs (Output 1 and 2)
of M-Audio KeyStudio 49i are plugged into a monitoring system.
Typical Setup #2
-)$) /UT
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Typical Setup #2 shows a drum machine plugged into the Aux Inputs, with Outputs 1 and 2 plugged into a monitoring system. The
drum machine is also connected to the M-Audio KeyStudio MIDI Out.
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23
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Advanced MIDI Features in Edit Mode
15
The button to the left of the keys labeled “Edit Mode” is used to access additional advanced functions of the keyboard When this
button is pressed, the keyboard will enter Edit mode and the keys on the keyboard can be used to select functions and enter data
The light above the Edit Mode button indicates whether or not the keyboard is in Edit mode When in Edit mode, the black keys on
the keyboard are used for selecting functions, while the white keys are used for data entry and channel selection
Your keyboard will exit Edit mode as soon as either a function is selected or the CANCEL or ENTER key is pressed The light above
the Edit Mode button will turn off and the keyboard can then be used to play notes again Some functions do not require confirmation
via the Enter or Cancel keys When these functions are selected, the keyboard will automatically exit Edit mode and return to
Performance mode
Note: Not every music application can process all types of MIDI messages. Please consult your software’s documentation
for information on what messages it can accept.
Advanced Functions in Edit Mode
16
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Octave Buttons Options
The Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be assigned to control one of seven possible MIDI functions:
<
<
<
Octave Shift
Transpose
<
<
<
Bank LSB
<
Master Tune Setting
Bank MSB
MIDI Channel
Program Change
In the diagram above, the first seven black keys are labeled “Data = Octave, Data = Transpose, Data = Program, Data = Bank LSB,
Data = Bank MSB, Data = Channel and Data = Tuning ” These keys are used to select the desired alternate function of the Octave
buttons
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
To select an alternate function:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key that represents the function you want to assign to the Octave buttons KeyStudio will exit Edit mode
as soon as you push one of these keys
NOTE: Some of the functions the Octave buttons can be used for cannot send out a value less than zero. When used
to control these functions, both lights above the buttons will remain off, regardless of the current setting of that function.
The seven possible functions of the Octave buttons are:
1. Octave Shift
The Octave “<” and “>” buttons control octave shift by default Pressing the Octave > button (right) will shift the notes played
on the keyboard up by one octave Pressing the Octave < button (left) will shift the notes played on the keyboard down by one
octave Pressing both Octave buttons together will restore the default octave (Octave shift = 0) However, if these keys have
been programmed to control another function, you may wish to re-assign them to control octave shift once again
To assign the Octave “<” and “>” buttons to control octave shift:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above C1 (C#1), representing Data = Octave KeyStudio will exit Edit mode as soon as C#1 has
been pressed
< The Octave “+” and “-” Keys
Another method of shifting octaves is with the use of the black keys labeled Octave “+” and “-” on the Advanced
Functions in Edit Mode diagram This octave shift method can be useful when the Octave buttons have been
reassigned to control another MIDI function
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above D3 (D#3), representing “Octave +,” to shift the keyboard up by one octave It is
possible to shift the keyboard up a total of four octaves
3 Press the black key above C3 (C#3), representing “Octave -,” to shift the keyboard down by one octave It is
possible to shift the keyboard down a total of three octaves
4 When you have chosen your octave shift, either press C5 representing “ENTER” or press the Edit Mode button
to exit Edit mode
2. Transpose
In some cases it is useful to increase or decrease the transmitted pitch by a small number of semitones rather than a whole
octave For example, you may be playing a song with a singer and the singer is having trouble hitting the high notes In this
case, you can try reducing the pitch by one or more semitones This is achieved using a function called “Transpose ”
Transpose works similar to octave shift, except the shift is not limited to multiples of 12 semi-tones As with octave shift, there
are two ways of transposing the keyboard When in Edit mode, you can assign the Octave “<” and “>” buttons to control
the transpose feature Alternatively, you can use the black keys C#4 and D#4 to shift the transposition These black keys
represent “Transpose -” and “Transpose +” respectively
To assign the Octave “<” and “>” buttons to transpose:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above D1 (D#1), representing “Data = Transpose ” KeyStudio will exit Edit mode as soon as D#1
has been pressed
When the Octave buttons are assigned to transpose the keyboard, the lights above the buttons indicate the direction of the
transposition To return the keyboard’s transpose shift to zero, press both the Octave “<” and “>” buttons at the same time
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
To change the Transposition using the Transpose “+” and “-“ Keys in Edit mode:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above D4 (D#4), representing “Transpose +,” to shift the keyboard up by one semitone
3 Press the black key above C3 (C#3), representing “Transpose -,” to shift the keyboard down by one semitone
4 Press C5 representing “ENTER,” or press the Edit Mode button to exit Edit mode
3. Channel
MIDI data from the keyboard can be sent on any of 16 MIDI channels The KeyStudio default is to transmit MIDI data on
channel 1 However, certain MIDI performance or recording scenarios may require the keyboard to send data on a different
channel You can change the channel on which data is sent using the following method:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press one of the 16 channel keys from D1 to E3, whichever one represents the channel you need KeyStudio will exit
Edit mode as soon as a channel key has been pressed
For example, if a device specifies that you need to send data on channel 10, press the Edit Mode button, and then F2 to
select channel 10 This channel is usually dedicated to drum sounds when working with GM compatible synthesizers and GM
compatible sound modules (such as the M-Audio GM Module software)
The Octave “<” and “>” buttons can also be configured to control the MIDI transmission channel setting by pressing the Edit
Mode button and then C#2 This will allow the Octave “<” and “>” buttons to increment or decrement through the channels
When channel 16 is reached and “>” is pressed, channel 1 will be selected If the Octave “<” and “>” buttons are assigned
to vary the channel, the lights above the buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a channel with a negative
value Pressing both the “<” and “>” buttons together will recall the default setting, channel 1
4. Program Change
Program changes are used to change the MIDI instrument or synthesizer sounds you are controlling with your KeyStudio
Program change messages can be beneficial when using the KeyStudio keyboard to control MIDI sound modules or
synthesizers like M-Audio GM Module For an example, let’s change the instrument on M-Audio GM Module to a cello sound
To do this we need to send a program change of 42 to the GM Module software, which will select a cello sound from the
General MIDI Instruments standard list (see Appendix A)
Important: Be sure the M-Audio GM Module software is open on your computer, and your KeyStudio keyboard is
properly connected to your computer before attempting to send a program change.
There are two methods to send the program change:
A) Increment/Decrement Program Change:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above F1 (F#1)
Now the Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change the program
NOTE: When the GM Module software is launched in standalone mode, it sends a message to the KeyStudio keyboard
which automatically programs the Octave buttons to send program changes.
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
B) Quick Select Program Change
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above F4 (F#4), representing “Program ”
3 Press keys D4, then B3, then C5 This enters the combination: “4,” “2,” “ENTER ”
Now the keyboard is set to play the GM Module cello sound 42 (from the General MIDI Instruments standard list) The full
list of General MIDI program numbers is given in Appendix A at the end of this manual
Method A is useful if you want to cycle through different instruments for the purpose of comparing and choosing which
sound works best in your song Method B is more useful if you want to select a specific sound patch, as is the case here
If the Octave “<” and “>” buttons have been assigned to control the program number (Method A), the lights above the
buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a program with a negative value Pressing both the “<” and “>”
buttons together will recall Program 0, which selects the first sound patch on any synthesizer capable of processing MIDI
program changes
5. and 6. Bank LSB and Bank MSB
Program changes are the most commonly used messages to change instruments and voices However, the number of
instruments accessible using only the program change MIDI command is limited to 128 (0-127) Since some devices have
more than 128 voices, they require a method to organize their large number of sounds into banks These devices then
access the sounds within these banks by using program change messages See chapter 11, “MIDI Messages Explained”
for additional information Generally, these devices use Bank LSB (Least Significant Byte) and Bank MSB (Most Significant
Byte) change messages KeyStudio can send these bank change messages in two possible ways*:
A) Incremental/Decremental Bank LSB and Bank MSB Change:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above G1 (G#1) or A1 (A#1), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively
Now the Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change Bank LSB or Bank MSB
B) Using the Quick Select Method:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above G4 (G#4), or A4 (A#4), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively
3 Press keys C4, then B3 then C5 This enters the combination: “3,” “2,” “ENTER ”
As with Program changes, if the Octave “<” and “>” buttons are selected to vary the Bank LSB or MSB number (Method
A), the lights above the buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a Bank with a negative value Pressing
both the “<” and “>” buttons together will recall Bank 0
* Note: Bank change messages must be followed by a program change message in order to recall a sound. Bank
change messages by themselves do not activate a sound, but only locate and access a predefined location of a set
(bank) of 128 sounds.
7. Tuning
This key will assign the Octave buttons to increment or decrement the Master Tune Setting of the KeyStation 49i The tuning
range is +/- 50 cents When the Octave buttons are set to control Master Tune, each button press is 1 cent This only affects
the internal sound engine To assign the Octave buttons to affect the tuning of the built-in piano sound:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above D2 (D#2), representing “Data = Tuning ”
Now the Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to adjust the built-in piano sound’s mastering tuning
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Additional Edit mode black key functions include:
MIDI Out Mode Key
The MIDI Out Mode key (G#2) determines what data is sent to the external MIDI Out port Pressing this key in Edit mode will
toggle between two options:
1) MIDI coming from the computer via USB is sent to the external MIDI Out port
2) MIDI from the Keyboard is sent to the USB and external MIDI Out ports
When the keyboard is played with Local mode on (see the following Local Mode Key section) and MIDI Out set to send data
from the keyboard to the MIDI Out port, MIDI data will be transmitted from the keyboard to the external MIDI port and also via
USB to your computer Data coming from the PC will be discarded This is the default setting for KeyStudio
If the MIDI Out switch is set to USB however, the data coming from the host computer via USB will be sent directly to the
MIDI Out In this mode data from the keyboard is not sent to the MIDI Output port
In Edit mode, when this function key is pressed, the function is toggled and Edit mode is cancelled The keyboard returns to
Performance mode and the Edit Mode LED goes out
At any time, pressing the Piano Reset button or turning the keyboard off and back on, will restore the default setting
Local Key
The Local key (A#2) determines the source of the data stream that is routed to the built-in piano sound Pressing this key in
Edit mode will toggle between MIDI data received via USB from a connected computer, and MIDI data created by playing the
keyboard on KeyStudio 49i
The KeyStudio default setting is, that notes played on the KeyStudio 49i keyboard are routed directly to the built-in piano
sound The created MIDI data is simultaneously sent to a connected computer via USB and also to the MIDI Out port This is
the equivalent of Local On mode
When the Local mode key is toggled, the built-in piano sound will not be played by the piano keyboard (However, notes
played on the keyboard will continue to be sent out the MIDI Out port as well as to the computer via USB) This is not quite
the same as a simple Local On/Off switch because switching Local mode off also routes MIDI signals coming from the
computer via USB to the Piano sound
In standalone mode, the Local On/Off key allows a remote MIDI device to be controlled without the KeyStudio playing its
internal piano sound The piano sound cannot be played by MIDI signals entering the keyboard from a computer that is
connected via USB unless the Local Switch is set to Local Off * It is still possible however to have KeyStudio’s built-in piano
sound played via MIDI signals received from a connected computer and play along from the keyboard at the same time This
can be done with Local Mode set to off In this configuration, KeyStudio sends MIDI data to a computer sequencer via USB
The computer’s sequencer program needs to be configured to pass incoming MIDI signals back to KeyStudio 49i via USB
This is a common setting available in most MIDI sequencer programs and is often called “MIDI Thru” Please consult your
software’s user guide for instructions on how to activate this feature
*Note: When controlling KeyStudio 49i with sequencer software via USB MIDI, KeyStudio 49i must be set to Local Off
mode for its internal piano sound to be played by the sequencer.
In Edit mode, when the Local key is pressed, the function is toggled and Edit mode is cancelled The keyboard then returns to
Performance mode and the Edit Mode LED goes out At any time, pressing the Piano Reset button will restore this mode to
Local On Switching the keyboard off and on will also restore this setting back to its default
Local mode is often used to control a software synthesizer without layering the built-in piano sound on top of the software
synthesizer’s tone
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Panic
KeyStudio has been designed to make working with MIDI on your computer as simple as possible However, sometimes
things can go wrong There is a useful “Panic” function on KeyStudio 49i to counter this
If one or more of the loaded sound patches doesn’t sound as expected, it may mean that a MIDI CC has applied an undesired
effect or other type of sound modulation to that voice If you are unsure of which MIDI controller to adjust to eliminate the
effect, you can send a Panic MIDI message to set all controller values to their defaults
This feature sends “Reset All Controllers” and “All Notes OFF” messages on all MIDI channels This is very useful if you find
there are sustaining notes that you cannot stop, or if you want to remove applied MIDI CC effects without having to figure out
which CC is causing the effect to sound
To send a Panic MIDI message:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above F2 (F# 2), representing “Panic ”
3 Edit mode will exit, and there will no longer be any sustaining notes
Wheel Assign Key
It is possible to assign different MIDI controller numbers to the Modulation wheel These parameters are called MIDI
continuous controllers There are 128 MIDI continuous controllers (0-127, counting from and including zero) plus an additional
4 proprietary M-Audio controller numbers for a total of 132 assignable controls and features KeyStudio accepts controller
numbers 0-131 Numbers beyond 127 are a proprietary method M-Audio uses to simplify the transmission of certain,
otherwise more complicated multi-part MIDI messages A full list of controller values is given at the back of this manual in
Appendix C There are 132 (counting from and including zero to 131) MIDI continuous controllers (MIDI CC’s) For these
controller values to have any effect on the sound, the receiving software or device has to be able to read and respond to these
MIDI controller messages
Some useful MIDI CC’s are:
< 01 Modulation
< 07 Volume
< 10 Pan (balance)
< 05 Portamento Time
To assign a MIDI controller message to the Modulation wheel:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above F3 (F#3), representing “Wheel Assign ”
3 Use the Numerical Data Entry keys G3 – B4 to enter the number of the MIDI controller you want to assign to the
Modulation wheel
4 Press the Enter key (C5)
5 Move the Modulation wheel upwards to increase the value of the MIDI message sent
If you make an error while entering the numerical data value, you can press the CANCEL key (C1) to exit Edit mode
without changing the MIDI CC assigned to the Modulation wheel
As an example, let’s assign effect number 10 to the Modulation wheel This means the Modulation wheel will control Pan
(or balance):
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above C3 (C#3), representing “Wheel Assign ”
3 Press A3 to enter “1 ”
4 Press G3 to enter “0” so you have entered “10 ”
5 Press C5 for “ENTER ”
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29
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Knob Assign Key
As with the Modulation wheel, the Piano Volume knob can also be assigned to any of 132 controllers (0-131) shown at the
back of this manual in Appendix C
To assign the Piano Volume knob to a certain MIDI parameter:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press the black key above A3 (A#3), representing “Knob Assign ”
3 Use the Numerical Data Entry keys G3 – B4 to enter the number of the controller value you want to assign to the
Volume slider
4 Press C5 for “ENTER ”
If you make an error while entering the numerical data value, you can press the CANCEL key (C1) to exit Edit mode without
changing the MIDI CC assigned to the Volume slider
NOTE: Each time the keyboard is turned off, optional MIDI parameters assigned to the Piano Volume Knob or
Modulation wheel will be lost. Each time the keyboard is powered up, the Piano Volume knob will default to being
assigned to controlling the volume of the built-in piano sound and the Modulation wheel will default to being assigned to
modulation (MIDI CC 01).
Pedal Assign Key
Pressing this key in Edit mode (G#3) will let you change the MIDI CC assignment for the Sustain Pedal After this key is
pressed, the data entry numbers can be used to enter a MIDI CC number Performance mode is not restored until you press
the ENTER key or the CANCEL key If you press the ENTER key, the Sustain pedal becomes assigned to the MIDI CC
number entered using the data entry keys If you press the CANCEL key, no change will occur, and Performance mode is
restored
The Sustain pedal can be assigned to send standard MIDI CC’s up to 127 and extended custom messages from 128 to 131
The default for the Sustain pedal is sending MIDI Controller message 64
Default Key
The Default key is used to selectively reset controller assignments and other numeric parameters To reset a specific controller
assignment or numeric parameter, be sure you are in Edit mode Press the key for the parameter you would like to reset (Knob
Assign, Pedal Assign, or Wheel Assign), and then press the Default key When the Default key is pressed, the parameter is
reset to its default value, and Performance mode resumes
NOTE: Each time the keyboard is turned off, optional MIDI parameters assigned to specific hardware controllers will
be lost.
Changing Reverb Depth
The Modulation wheel and/or the Piano Volume knob can be re-assigned to control the depth of the built-in piano sound’s
reverb To do this:
1 Press the Edit Mode button
2 Press either the Wheel Assign (F#3) or Knob Assign (A#3) key
3 Press B4 to enter “9 ”
4 Press A3 to enter “1” so you have entered “91 ”
5 Press C5 for “ENTER ”
This setting can be undone by powering the unit off and back on, or by using the Default key as described in the next section
*As can be seen in Appendix C, 91 is the standard MIDI controller number for reverb depth.
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30
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
MIDI Messages In-Depth
17
Program & Bank Changes
When the MIDI standard was first established, it enabled the user to access only 128 different sounds using program change
messages (0-127) As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated and contain more sounds, bank change messages were included
in an updated MIDI specification to allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed
The language MIDI uses to communicate between musical instruments only allows for program change commands 0-127, for a
total of 128 possible programs (127 programs + program “0” = 128 programs total) Because of inherent limitations of the MIDI
communication protocol, the number of directly accessible programs (using program change messages) cannot easily be expanded
beyond 128 Thus, a system of banks, with 128 sounds in each, has been created that enables manufacturers to overcome the
128-sound MIDI limit
"ANK -3"
"ANK ,3"
0ROGRAM
128 banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the basic
principle used to expand the number of accessible
sounds However, to avoid reaching the new limit of
the resulting 16,384 possible sounds (128 banks
x 128 programs) accessible using a bank change
combined with a program change, another layer
of banks was added The result is a system of 128
banks that can contain 128 sub-banks in each
of them, which, in turn, can contain 128 sounds
(programs) within them
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK ,3" ꢀ
"ANK ,3" ꢁ
"ANK ,3" ꢂ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK -3" ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK ,3" ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
Bank change messages are useful when calling
up sounds from a large library that may exist in a
particular sound module or software synthesizer For
example, devices that are built according to Roland’s
GS specification or Yamaha’s XG specification
require you to specify a bank change in order to
access the extra voices that these devices provide
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK ,3" ꢀ
"ANK ,3" ꢁ
"ANK ,3" ꢂ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK -3" ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
MIDI CC 0 is the bank select MSB (Most Significant
Byte) message This MIDI message is 7-bit in size
and can be used to select any of 128 banks This
message can be used in conjunction with MIDI CC
32 which is bank select LSB (Least Significant
Byte): a separate 7-bit message allowing additional
selection of any of another 128 sub-banks The
combination of Bank MSB and LSB messages gives
a 14-bit message that can select any of a possible
16,384 banks Each bank can in turn contain 128
possible sounds selected via a separate program
change MIDI message This enables a user to
theoretically recall over two million programs directly,
using only MIDI commands However, most devices
only use a few different banks, and you can often
ignore the LSB message
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK ,3" ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK ,3" ꢀ
"ANK ,3" ꢁ
"ANK ,3" ꢂ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK -3" ꢂ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢀ
0ROGRAM ꢁ
0ROGRAM ꢂ
"ANK ,3" ꢁꢂꢃ
"ANK -3" ꢁꢂꢃ
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
You will find many MIDI devices respond to program change commands and many are organized according to the GM listing In
General MIDI devices, different sounds are organized in the same way from device to device Piano sounds are in their particular
place, string sounds are in their place, drum sounds are in their place, and so on All GM devices (both hardware and software
sound modules) are clearly labeled as such, so you know that their sounds are organized in the General MIDI structure When a GM
device receives a MIDI program change, it calls up a type of sound that you expect from the GM sound set All non-GM MIDI sound
modules call up unique sounds from their memory upon receiving MIDI program changes Since the sounds in a non-GM device are
not arranged in a particular order, you need to take a look at the device itself to see which sound you want and at which location in
the memory it resides Many VST instruments such as Native Instruments’ FM7 or the synth modules in Propellerhead Reason are
non-GM devices
You can send Program Change, Bank LSB and Bank MSB messages directly from the KeyStudio keyboard Please consult the
“Advanced KeyStudio 49i Features in Edit Mode“ section of this User Guide for further details
NRPN/RPNs
Non-registered parameter numbers (NRPN’s) are device-specific messages that enable you to control synthesizers and sound
modules via MIDI The MIDI specification defines open parameter numbers to allow manufacturers to specify their own controllers
The more common of these are registered by the MIDI Manufacturer’s Association and are now part of the MIDI specification (hence
the term Registered Parameter Numbers – RPN’s) (See Appendix C) Each NRPN/RPN has an associated 2-byte number The
two bytes allow for 128 values each (An RPN or NRPN message is made up of two parts: the MSB and the LSB message Both of
these messages together constitute an RPN or NRPN command ) This allows for 16,384 values in total
MIDI controllers 98 and 99 represent the NRPN LSB and MSB respectively, while 100 and 101 represent the RPN LSB and MSB
messages (see the MIDI controllers list in Appendix C) To transmit an NRPN/RPN message, these LSB and MSB controller
messages are sent along with their user-specified values A further controller message and value needs to be sent to specify the
(coarse or fine) value adjustment This is specified by controller number 6 (data entry) for coarse adjustments or number 38 for fine
adjustments
A list of NRPN’s is usually given in the user’s manual of any device that receives NRPN messages It is always necessary that the
NRPN MSB and LSB be sent together Both will be specified in the device’s manual
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32
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Troubleshooting
18
KeyStudio 49i is a quality, versatile MIDI controller that has been tested under a wide variety of conditions In the event that you
experience difficulty with your KeyStudio, this section covers some common issues and tips to help remedy problems
Problem 1: My KeyStudio keyboard suddenly stopped working after having performed fine since installation.
Solution 1: Close any music applications you are using, switch KeyStudio off, and restart your computer Once your
computer has completely restarted, switch KeyStudio back on
Problem 2: I have connected a sustain pedal to my M-Audio keyboard, but its function is reversed.
Solution 2: The polarity of the sustain pedal is calculated by the keyboard when it is powered up On power up, the sustain
pedal is assumed to be in the OFF position If you want the sustain pedal to be off when it is not pressed, make sure the pedal
is not pressed when you power up Also check to see if there is a polarity switch on your foot pedal It is possible to use this
switch to change foot pedal polarity as well Another way to intentionally reverse the sustain pedal’s operation is to keep it
pushed while powering on your KeyStudio keyboard
Problem 3: When I press a key, or attempt to monitor my microphone or instrument input, there is a noticeable delay
before I hear any sound.
Solution 3: This delay is known as latency, and latency can be adjusted by changing the buffer size setting in your M-Audio
Control Panel The goal is to set the buffer size as low as possible without experiencing artifacts in the audio Faster
computers generally allow for smaller buffer size settings, and thus less latency You can also avoid this problem by using the
Direct Monitor knob See the “Using Direct Monitoring” section in the “Audio Setup and Control” portion of this User Guide
for more information on this
Problem 4: I cannot locate the KeyStudio USB keyboard in my software’s MIDI devices dialog box.
Solution 4: KeyStudio requires a powered USB port Try plugging KeyStudio into a different USB port or powered USB hub
connected to your computer
Problem 5: I connected KeyStudio 49i to my Windows computer and noticed that a question mark appears in the
Windows Device Manager under Other Devices > M-Audio DFU. Does this indicate that there is a problem with
KeyStudio 49i?
Solution 5: Your new keyboard functions as a class-compliant device This means that upon connecting KeyStudio 49i to
your computer, KeyStudio will function as expected without the need to install additional drivers Installing the KeyStudio 49i
drivers extends the keyboard’s functionality, allowing large SysEx transfers, and multi-client support M-Audio DFU (device
firmware upgrade tool) is an additional component that is enabled when the KeyStudio 49i drivers are installed
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Problem 6: My synthesizer always recalls the sound next to the program number that I have sent to it from KeyStudio.
For example, if I send a program change with the number 40 (Violin), my software loads sound number 41 (Viola).
Solution 6: Some General MIDI modules count their sound patches from 1 – 128 instead of 0-127 Both methods are
common As a result, and depending on the sound module you use, there may be an offset of +/-1 between the sent program
change number and the recalled sound patch
Problem 7: No data is being transmitted out the MIDI Out port.
Solution 7: This is possibly the result of the KeyStudio MIDI Out mode being set to USB This mode can be toggled off and
on See the “Advance MIDI Features in Edit Mode” chapter in this User Guide for more information on this Another remedy for
this is to turn off the keyboard, then power it back up again The keyboard always defaults to MIDI Out Mode set to KYBD, so
this will bring the MIDI Out port in Standalone mode back to a usable state
Problem 8: In Windows, the computer plays no sound through the KeyStudio 49i audio outputs.
Solution 8:
•
•
Install the KeyStudio 49i drivers.
Open the Control Panel and double-click the System icon (under Performance and Maintenance if you are in
Category view)
•
•
Select the Hardware tab and click the Device Manager button.
Click the plus sign (“+”) next to Sound, Video and Game Controllers, and locate the KeyStudio 49i listing. If you see a
question mark or exclamation point next to it, or if you don’t see it listed, you may need to reinstall the driver software
•
•
Make sure your audio software has been set up to use KeyStudio.
Open your application’s audio settings page and check to see if the KeyStudio 49i’s ASIO, WDM, or Core Audio
drivers have been selected
Problem 9: I am unable to affect the volume or reverb of the built-in piano sound when using KeyStudio in Local Off
mode with a computer-based sequencer or software sound module.
Solution 9: This is normal considering that Local Off mode interrupts the connection between the keybed and controllers,
and the internal sound engine When using KeyStudio 49i with a software sequencer, be sure that the sequencer track that
is transmitting MIDI information to KeyStudio 49i is selected and configured to let incoming MIDI signal pass through In this
scenario, the volume and reverb controls should send MIDI information to your sequencer that will then be transmitted back to
KeyStudio See your software’s documentation for more information on this
Problem 10: I am unable to view input selection options and route audio from the KeyStudio microphone input into
Ableton Live Lite.
Solution 10: In Ableton Live Lite, click on View and be sure the In/Out option is checked On an audio track, select Ext In
and 1 from the audio input drop down menus Further information on this can be found in the Ableton Live Lite Help menu
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Technical Info
19
Caution: Electro Static Discharge, Electrical Fast Transient and Conducted RF interference may cause the unit malfunctioning In
such case, unplug the unit and plug it in again to restore normal operation
Note: Your M-Audio product has been tested to comply with FCC Standards FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE Modifications not
authorized by the manufacturer may void user’s authority to operate this device
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may
not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation
ASIO is a trademark of Steinberg Soft– und Hardware GmbH
VST is a trademark of Steinberg Soft– und Hardware GmbH
KeyStudio 49i
Tested to comply with
FCC standards
FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE
WARNING: This product contains chemicals, including lead, known to the State of California to cause cancer, and birth defects or
other reproductive harm Wash hands after handling.
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35
KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Appendices - Useful MIDI Data
20
Appendix A - General MIDI Instruments
Piano
Bass
Reed
Synthth Effects
0 Acoustic Grand Piano
1 Bright Acoustic Piano
2 Electric Grand Piano
3 Honky Tonk Piano
4 Electric Piano 1
5 Electric Piano 2
6 Harpsichord
32 Acoustic Bass
33 Electric Fingered Bass
34 Electric Picked Bass
35 Fretless Bass
36 Slap Bass 1
64 Soprano Sax
65 Alto Sax
66 Tenor Sax
67 Baritone Sax
68 Oboe
96 SFX Rain
97 SFX Soundtrack
98 SFX Crystal
99 SFX Atmosphere
100 SFX Brightness
101 SFX Goblins
102 SFX Echoes
103 SFX Sci- Fi
37 Slap Bass 2
69 English Horn
70 Bassoon
71 Clarinet
38 Synth Bass 1
39 Synth Bass 2
7 Clavinet
Chromatic Percussion
8 Celesta
Strings/ Orchestra
40 Violin
Pipe
Ethnic
72 Piccolo
73 Flute
104 Sitar
9 Glockenspiel
10 Music Box
11 Vibraphone
12 Marimba
41 Viola
105 Banjo
106 Shamisen
107 Koto
42 Cello
74 Recorder
75 Pan Flute
76 Bottle Blow
77 Shakuhachi
78 Whistle
79 Ocarina
43 Contrabass
44 Tremolo Strings
45 Pizzicato Strings
46 Orchestral Harp
47 Timpani
108 Kalimba
109 Bag Pipe
110 Fiddle
111 Shanai
13 Xylophone
14 Tubular bells
15 Dulcimer
Organ
Ensemble
Synthth Lead
Percussive
16 Drawbar Organ
17 Percussive Organ
18 Rock Organ
19 Church Organ
20 Reed Organ
21 Accordion
48 String Ensemble 1
49 String Ensemble 2 (Slow)
50 Synth Strings 1
51 Synth Strings 2
52 Choir Aahs
80 Synth Square Wave
81 Synth Sawtooth Wave
82 Synth Calliope
112 Tinkle Bell
113 Agogo
114 Steel Drums
115 Woodblock
116 Taiko Drum
117 Melodic Tom
118 Synth Drum
119 Reverse Cymbal
83 Synth Chiff
84 Synth Charang
53 Voice Oohs
85 Synth Voice
22 Harmonica
54 Synth Choir
86 Synth Fifths Sawtooth Wave
87 Synth Brass & Lead
23 Tango Accordion
55 Orchestral Hit
Guitar
Brass
Synthth Pad
Sound Effects
120 Guitar Fret Noise
121 Breath Noise
122 Seashore
24 Nylon Acoustic Guitar
25 Steel Acoustic Guitar
26 Jazz Electric Guitar
27 Clean Electric Guitar
28 Muted Electric Guitar
29 Overdrive Guitar
30 Distorted Guitar
31 Guitar Harmonics
56 Trumpet
88 New Age Synth Pad
89 Warm Synth Pad
90 Poly Synth Pad
91 Choir Synth Pad
92 Bowed Synth Pad
93 Metal Synth Pad
94 Halo Synth Pad
95 Sweep Synth Pad
57 Trombone
58 Tuba
59 Muted Trumpet
60 French Horn
61 Brass Section
62 Synth Brass 1
63 Synth Brass 2
123 Bird Tweet
124 Telephone Ring
125 Helicopter
126 Applause
127 Gun Shot
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Appendix B - Channel 10 Drum Map
Key# Drum Sound
Acoustic Bass Drum
Key#
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
Drum Sound
Ride Cymbal 2
Hi Bongo
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Bass Drum 1
Side Stick
Low Bongo
Mute Hi Conga
Open Hi Conga
Low Conga
High Timbale
Low Timbale
High Agogo
Low Agogo
Cabasa
Acoustic Snare
Hand Clap
Electric Snare
Low Floor Tom
Closed Hi-Hat
High Floor Tom
Pedal Hi-Hat
Low Tom
Open Hi-Hat
Low-Mid Tom
Hi-Mid Tom
Maracas
Short Whistle
Long Whistle
Short Guiro
Long Guiro
Crash Cymbal 1
High Tom
Ride Cymbal 1
Chinese Cymbal
Ride Bell
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Claves
Hi Wood Block
Low Wood Block
Mute Cuica
Open Cuica
Mute Triangle
Open Triangle
Tambourine
Splash Cymbal
Cowbell
Crash Cymbal 2
Vibraslap
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Appendix C - Standard MIDI Controller Numbers (MIDI CC’s)
00 Bank Select
40 Balance LSB
41 Controller 41
42 Pan LSB
80 Gen Purpose 5
81 Gen Purpose 6
82 Gen Purpose 7
83 Gen Purpose 8
84 Portamento Control
85 Controller 85
86 Controller 86
87 Controller 87
88 Controller 88
89 Controller 89
90 Controller 90
91 Reverb Depth
92 Tremelo Depth
93 Chorus Depth
94 Celeste (De- tune)
95 Phaser Depth
96 Data Increment
97 Data Decrement
98 NRPN LSB
Channel Mode Messages:
01 Modulation
120 All Sound off
02 Breath Control
03 Controller 3
121 Reset All Controllers
122 Local Control
43 Expression LSB
44 Controller 44
45 Controller 45
46 Controller 46
47 Controller 47
48 Gen Purpose 1 LSB
49 Gen Purpose 2 LSB
50 Gen Purpose 3 LSB
51 Gen Purpose 4 LSB
52 Controller 52
53 Controller 53
54 Controller 54
55 Controller 55
56 Controller 56
57 Controller 57
58 Controller 58
59 Controller 59
60 Controller 60
61 Controller 61
62 Controller 62
63 Controller 63
64 Sustain Pedal
65 Portamento
04 Foot Control
05 Portamento Time
06 Data Entry
123 All Notes Off
124 Omni Off
125 Omni On
07 Channel Volume
08 Balance
126 Mono On (Poly Off)
127 Poly On (Mono Off)
09 Controller 9
10 Pan
Extra RPN Messages:
128 Pitch Bend sensitivity
129 Fine Tune
11 Expression
12 Effects Controller 1
13 Effects Controller 2
14 Controller 14
15 Controller 15
16 Gen Purpose 1
17 Gen Purpose 2
18 Gen Purpose 3
19 Gen Purpose 4
20 Controller 20
21 Controller 21
22 Controller 22
23 Controller 23
24 Controller 24
25 Controller 25
26 Controller 26
27 Controller 27
28 Controller 28
29 Controller 29
30 Controller 30
31 Controller 31
32 Bank Select LSB
33 Modulation LSB
34 Breath Control LSB
35 Controller 35
36 Foot Control LSB
37 Portamento Time LSB
38 Data Entry LSB
39 Channel Volume LSB
130 Coarse Tune
131 Channel Pressure
99 NRPN MSB
100 RPN LSB
101 RPN MSB
102 Controller 102
103 Controller 103
104 Controller 104
105 Controller 105
106 Controller 106
107 Controller 107
108 Controller 108
109 Controller 109
110 Controller 110
111 Controller 111
112 Controller 112
113 Controller 113
114 Controller 114
115 Controller 115
116 Controller 116
117 Controller 117
118 Controller 118
119 Controller 119
66 Sostenuto
67 Soft Pedal
68 Legato Pedal
69 Hold 2
70 Sound Variation
71 Resonance
72 Release Time
73 Attack Time
74 Cut-off Frequency
75 Controller 75
76 Controller 76
77 Controller 77
78 Controller 78
79 Controller 79
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Appendix D - Additional RPN Messages
You may have noticed that although we have stated there are 128 MIDI controller messages (0 – 127), Appendix C shows 132
assignable controller messages This is because messages 128 – 131 are a different type of MIDI message, defined in the MIDI
Specification as RPN messages M-Audio has created four messages that are sent like MIDI CC’s, but actually transmit a series of
RPN messages This makes sending these complex multi-part messages as easy as sending a MIDI CC message You can assign
these to the controls on your KeyStudio keyboard in exactly the same way as any other MIDI controller message The RPN messages
control the following:
Controller
Number
128
MIDI Message
Use
Pitch Bend Sensitivity
Fine Tune
Alters the range of a pitch bend message
129
Adjusts the tuning of your sound module or synthesizer in small steps
Adjusts the tuning of your sound module or synthesizer in large steps
Adds a vibrato effect
130
Coarse Tune
131
Monophonic Aftertouch*
*Monophonic aftertouch is not an RPN message. However, it is an additional effect message defined in the General MIDI
specification and this is why we have included it in Appendix D.
Warranty
21
Warranty Terms
M-Audio warrants products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship, under normal use and provided that the product is
owned by the original, registered user Visit www m-audio com/warranty for terms and limitations applying to your specific product
Warranty Registration
Immediately registering your new M-Audio product entitles you to full warranty coverage and helps M-Audio develop and
manufacture the finest quality products available Register online at www m-audio com/register to receive FREE product updates
and for the chance to win M-Audio giveaways
© 2007 Avid Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Product features, specifications, system requirements and availability are subject
to change without notice. Avid, KeyStudio 49i, Session, Pro Tools and M-Audio are either trademarks or registered trademarks of
Avid Technology, Inc. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.
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KeyStudio 49i User Guide
Technical Specifications
22
44.1 kHz sampling rate unless otherwise stated
Mic Inputs
Input Impedance
Maximum Input Level at minimum gain
SNR
4 4k Ohms
-2 2 dBu (0 6 Vrms), balanced
-96 dB, A-weighted
Dynamic Range
96 dB, A-weighted
THD+N
0 004 % (-88 dB) @ -1 dBFS, 1 kHz
20 Hz to 20 kHz, +/- 0 5 dB
41 dB
Frequency Response
Available Pre-amp Gain
Instrument Input
Input Impedance
Maximum Input Level at minimum gain
SNR
1MOhm unbalanced
+12 dBV (4 Vrms)
-94 dB, A-weighted
Dynamic Range
94 dB, A-weighted
THD+N
0 00782 % (-82 1 dB) @ -1 dBFS, 1 kHz
20 Hz to 20 kHz, +/- 0 6 dB
40 dB
Frequency Response
Available Pre-amp Gain
Aux Inputs
Input Impedance
Maximum Input Level
SNR
10K Ohm unbalanced
+2 dBV unbalanced
-96 dB, A-weighted
Dynamic Range
THD+N
96 dB, A-weighted
< 0 005 % (-86 dB) @ -1 dBFS, 1 kHz
20 Hz to 20 kHz, +/- 0 5 dB
Frequency Response
Line Outputs
Output Impedance
Maximum Output Level
Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk
SNR
240 Ohm unbalanced
+1 8 dBV (1 2 Vrms)
< -88 dB @ 1 kHz
-103 dB, A-weighted
Dynamic Range
THD+N
95 dB, A-weighted
0 00391 % (-88 2 dB) @ -1 dBFS, 1 kHz
20 Hz to 20 kHz, +/- 0 1 dB
Frequency Response
Headphone Outputs
Maximum Output
-2 dBV (0 8 Vrms) into 32 ohms @ < 0 05% THD+N
18 2 mW into 32 ohms @ < 0 05% THD+N
32 to 600 ohms
Working Range
Frequency Response
20 Hz to 20 kHz, +/- 1 3 dB
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M-Audio USA
M-Audio Germany
5795 Martin Rd., Irwindale, CA 91706
Kuhallmand 34, D-74613 Ohringen, Germany
Technical Support
Technical Support
web:
e-mail:
tel (pro products):
tel (consumer products):
fax (shipping):
(626) 633-9055
(626) 633-9066
(626) 633-9032
tel
+49 (0)7941 - 9870030
+49 (0)7941 98 70070
fax:
Sales
e-mail:
tel:
Sales
e-mail:
tel:
1-866-657-6434
(626) 633-9070
+49 (0)7941 98 7000
+49 (0)7941 98 70070
fax:
fax:
Web
Web
M-Audio Canada
1400 St-Jean Baptiste Ave. #150, Quebec City,
Quebec G2E 5B7, Canada
M-Audio U.K.
Floor 6, Gresham House, 53 Clarenden Road,Watford
WD17 1LA, United Kingdom
Technical Support
Technical Support
e-mail:
phone:
fax:
e-mail:
+44 (0)1765 650072
+44 (0)1309 671301
(418) 872-0444
(418) 872-0034
tel:(Mac support):
tel: (PC support):
Sales
e-mail:
phone:
fax:
Sales
tel:
(866) 872-0444
+44 (0)1923 204010
+44 (0)1923 204039
fax:
(418) 872-0034
Web
Web:
M-Audio Japan
M-Audio France
Floor 6, Gresham House, 53 Clarenden Road,Watford
WD17 1LA, United Kingdom
アビッドテクノロジー株式会社 エムオーディオ事業部：〒
愛
知県名古屋市中区丸の内
|
460-0002
2-18-10
：
Avid Technology K.K. 2-18-10 Marunouchi, Naka-Ku, Nagoya, Japan 460-0002
Renseignements Commerciaux
カスタマーサポート（
）
Technical Support
e-mail :
tel :
0 810 001 105
環境専用
e-mail (Macintosh
tel :
):
e-mail :
（
）
052-218-0859 10:00~12:00/13:00~17:00
Assistance Technique
セールスに関するお問い合わせ（
）
Sales
PC :
0 820 000 731
e-mail:
MAC :
0 820 391 191
tel:
052-218-3375
Assistance Technique
fax:
052-218-0875
e-mail :
Web:
+33 (0)1 72 72 90 52
fax :
Site Web
070910_KyStu49i_UG_EN01
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