®
A Division of Cisco Systems, Inc.
10/100/1000 4-Port
VPN Router
User Guide
WIRED
Model No.
RV0041
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10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
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1
What’s in this Guide?
2
Chapter 2: Networking Basics
An Introduction to LANs
The Use of IP Addresses
Why do I need a VPN?
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What is a VPN?
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Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Router
The Front Panel
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The Back Panel
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Chapter 4: Connecting the Router
Overview
Connection Instructions
Chapter 5: Setting Up and Configuring the Router
Overview
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How to Access the Web-based Utility
System Summary Tab
Setup Tab - Network
Setup Tab - Password
Setup Tab - Time
Setup Tab - DMZ Host
Setup Tab - Forwarding
Setup Tab - UPnP Page
Setup Tab - One-to-One NAT
Setup Tab - MAC Clone
Setup Tab - DDNS
Setup Tab - Advanced Routing
DHCP Tab - Setup
DHCP Tab - Status
System Management Tab - SNMP
System Management Tab - Diagnostic
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System Management Tab - Factory Default
System Management Tab - Firmware Upgrade
System Management Tab - Restart
System Management Tab - Setting Backup
Port Management Tab - Port Setup
Port Management Tab - Port Status
Firewall Tab - General
Firewall Tab - Access Rules
Firewall Tab - Content Filter
VPN Tab - Summary
VPN Tab - Gateway to Gateway
VPN Tab - Client to Gateway
VPN Tab - VPN Pass Through
Log Tab - System Log
Log Tab - System Statistics
Wizard Tab
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Support Tab
Logout Tab
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter 75
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
For the Router’s Web-based Utility
Appendix C: Physical Setup of the Router
Setting up the Router
Appendix D: Battery Replacement
Replacing a Lithium Battery
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Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware
Appendix F: Windows Help
Appendix G: Glossary
Appendix H: Specifications
Appendix I: Warranty Information
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Appendix J: Regulatory Information
Appendix K: Contact Information
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List of Figures
Figure 2-1: VPN Router-to-VPN Router VPN
Figure 2-2: Computer-to-VPN Router VPN
Figure 3-1: Front Panel
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Figure 3-2: Back Panel
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Figure 4-1: Example of a Typical Network
Figure 5-1: Router’s IP Address
Figure 5-2: Login Screen
Figure 5-3: System Summary
Figure 5-4: Site Map
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Figure 5-5: Setup Tab - Network
Figure 5-6: WAN Connection Type - Obtain an IP Automatically
Figure 5-7: WAN Connection Type - Static IP
Figure 5-8: WAN Connection Type - PPPoE
Figure 5-9: WAN Connection Type - PPTP
Figure 5-10: Setup Tab - Password
Figure 5-11: Setup Tab - Time
Figure 5-12: Setup Tab - DMZ Host
Figure 5-13: Setup Tab - Forwarding
Figure 5-14: Port Range Forwarding - Service Management
Figure 5-15: Setup Tab - UPnP
Figure 5-16: Setup Tab - One-to-One NAT
Figure 5-17: Setup Tab - MAC Clone
Figure 5-18: Setup Tab - DDNS
Figure 5-19: Setup Tab - Advanced Routing
Figure 5-20: Setup Tab - Routing Table Entry List
Figure 5-21: DHCP Setup
Figure 5-22: DHCP Status
Figure 5-23: System Management Tab - SNMP
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Figure 5-24: System Management Tab - DNS Name Lookup
Figure 5-25: System Management Tab - Ping
Figure 5-26: System Management Tab - Factory Default
Figure 5-27: Are You Sure
Figure 5-28: System Management Tab - Firmware Upgrade
Figure 5-29: System Management Tab - Restart
Figure 5-30: System Management Tab - Setting Backup
Figure 5-31: Port Management Tab - Port Setup
Figure 5-32: Port Management Tab - Port Status
Figure 5-33: Firewall Tab - General
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Figure 5-34: Firewall Tab - Access Rules
Figure 5-35: Firewall Tab - Content Filter
Figure 5-36: VPN Tab - Summary
Figure 5-37: VPN Tab - Summary Detail
Figure 5-38: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway
Figure 5-39: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway Local Group Setup
Figure 5-40: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway Remote Group Setup
Figure 5-41: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway IPSec Setup
Figure 5-42: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway Advanced
Figure 5-43: VPN tab - Client to Gateway
Figure 5-44: VPN tab - Client to Gateway Local Group Setup
Figure 5-45: VPN tab - Client to Gateway Remote Group Setup
Figure 5-46: VPN tab - Client to Gateway IPSec Setup
Figure 5-47: VPN tab - Client to Gateway Advanced
Figure 5-48: VPN tab - VPN Pass Through
Figure 5-49: Log tab - System Log
Figure 5-50: Log tab - View Log
Figure 5-51: Log tab - System Statistics
Figure 5-52: Wizard tab
Figure 5-53: Basic Setup Wizard - Dual WAN or DMZ
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Figure 5-54: Basic Setup Wizard - Host and Domain Name
Figure 5-55: Basic Setup Wizard - Selecting WAN Connection Types
Figure 5-56: Basic Setup Wizard - Save Settings
Figure 5-57: Access Rule Wizard - What is Access Rules
Figure 5-58: Access Rule Wizard - Select the Action
Figure 5-59: Access Rule Wizard - Select the Service
Figure 5-60: Access Rule Wizard - Select the Source
Figure 5-61: Access Rule Wizard - Select the Destination
Figure 5-62: Access Rule Wizard - When it Works
Figure 5-63: Support tab
Figure 5-64: Access Rule Wizard - When it Works
Figure 5-65: Save Settings
Figure 5-66: Settings are Successful
Figure 5-67: Support
Figure B-1: IP Configuration Screen
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Figure B-2: MAC Address/Adapter Address
Figure B-3: MAC Address/Physical Address
Figure B-4: MAC Address Clone
Figure C-1: Mounting Brackets
Figure C-2: Attaching the Brackets to the Router and Rack-Mounting the Router 78
Figure C-3: Wall-Mounting the Router
Figure C-4: Wall-Mounting Hardware
Figure E-1: Upgrade Firmware
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10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
Bandwidth: the transmission capacity of
a given device or network
network: a series of computers or devices
connected for the purpose of data sharing,
storage, and/or transmission between users
Thank you for choosing the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router. The Linksys 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router is an
advanced Internet-sharing network solution for your small business needs. Like any router, it lets multiple
computers in your office share an Internet connection. But the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router allows you to
connect gigabit-equipped PCs for gigabit networking, as well as including four 10/100/1000 ports for network
connectivity.
Full-duplex: the ability of a networking device to
receive and transmit data simultaneously
The Virtual Private Network (VPN) capability creates encrypted “tunnels” through the Internet, allowing up to 50
remote office or traveling users to securely connect into your office network from off-site. Users connecting
through a VPN tunnel are attached to your company's network — with secure access to files, e-mail, and your
intranet — just as if they were in the building. You can also use the VPN capability to allow users on your small
office network to securely connect out to a corporate network.
LAN (Local Area Network): the computers
and networking products that make up the
network in your home or office.
Ethernet: a network protocol that specifies how
data is placed on and retrieved from a common
transmission medium.
The 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router can serve as a DHCP Server, and has a powerful SPI firewall to protect your
PCs against intruders and most known Internet attacks. It can be configured to filter internal users' access to the
Internet, and has IP address filtering so you can specify exactly who has access to your network. Configuration is
a snap with the web browser-based configuration utility.
firewall: security measures that protect the
resources of a local network from intruders
Browser: an application program that
provides a way to look at and interact with all
the information on the World Wide Web.
As the heart of your small office network, the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router gives you the connection reliability
your business needs.
IP: a protocol used to send data over a network
IP Address: the address used to identify a
computer or device on a network
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
1
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10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
What’s in this Guide?
This user guide covers the steps for setting up and using the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter describes the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router and this User Guide.
Chapter 2: Networking Basics
This chapter describes the basics of networking.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
This chapter describes the physical features of the Router.
Chapter 4: Connecting the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
This chapter instructs you on how to connect the Router to your network.
Chapter 5: Set Up and Configure the Router
This chapter explains how to use the Web-Based Utility to set up the Router and configure its settings.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix describes some problems and solutions, as well as frequently asked questions, regarding
installation and use of the 10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router.
•
Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for your Ethernet Adapter.
This appendix describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethernet adapter so you can use
the Router’s MAC address cloning feature.
Adapter: a device that adds network functionality to your PC.
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Appendix C: Physical Setup of the Router
This appendix describes the physical setup of the Router, including the installation of the mounting brackets.
mac address: the unique address that a
manufacturer assigns to each networking
Appendix D: Battery Replacement
This appendix instructs you how to replace the Router’s battery.
Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware
This appendix instructs you on how to upgrade the Router’s firmware if you should need to do so.
Appendix F: Windows Help
This appendix describes how you can use Windows Help for instructions about networking, such as installing
the TCP/IP protocol.
•
Appendix G: Glossary
This appendix gives a brief glossary of terms frequently used in networking.
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this Guide?
2
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Appendix H: Specifications
This appendix provides the Router’s technical specifications.
Appendix I: Warranty Information
This appendix supplies the Router’s warranty information.
Appendix J: Regulatory Information
This appendix supplies the Router’s regulatory information.
Appendix K: Contact Information
This appendix provides contact information for a variety of Linksys resources, including Technical Support.
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this Guide?
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10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
Chapter 2: Networking Basics
An Introduction to LANs
A Router is a network device that connects two networks together.
The Router connects your local area network (LAN), or the group of PCs in your home or office, to the Internet. The
Router processes and regulates the data that travels between these two networks.
NAT (Network Address Translation): NAT
technology translates IP addresses of a local area
network to a different IP address for the Internet.
The Router’s Network Address Translation (NAT) technology protects your network of PCs so users on the Internet
cannot “see” your PCs. This is how your LAN remains private. The Router protects your network by inspecting the
first packet coming in through the Internet port before delivery to the final destination on one of the Ethernet
ports. The Router inspects Internet port services like the web server, ftp server, or other Internet applications,
and, if allowed, it will forward the packet to the appropriate PC on the LAN side.
FTP: a standard protocol for sending files between
computers over a TCP/IP network and the Internet
packet: a unit of data sent over a network
The Use of IP Addresses
IP stands for Internet Protocol. Every device in an IP-based network, including PCs, print servers, and routers,
requires an IP address to identify its location, or address, on the network. This applies to both the Internet and
LAN connections.
There are two ways of assigning IP addresses to your network devices.
Static IP address: a fixed address
assigned to a computer or device that
is connected to a network.
A static IP address is a fixed IP address that you assign manually to a PC or other device on the network. Since a
static IP address remains valid until you disable it, static IP addressing ensures that the device assigned it will
always have that same IP address until you change it. Static IP addresses are commonly used with network
devices such as server PCs or print servers.
ISP: a company that provides access to the Internet
If you use the Router to share your cable or DSL Internet connection, contact your ISP to find out if they have
assigned a static IP address to your account. If so, you will need that static IP address when configuring the
Router. You can get the information from your ISP.
Dynamic IP address: a temporary IP
address assigned by a DHCP server.
DSL: an always-on broadband
connection over traditional phone lines
A dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a device on the network. These IP addresses are called
dynamic because they are only temporarily assigned to the PC or other device. After a certain time period, they
expire and may change. If a PC logs onto the network (or the Internet) and its dynamic IP address has expired, the
DHCP server will assign it a new dynamic IP address.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): a
protocol that lets one device on a local network, known
as a DHCP server, assign temporary IP addresses to the
other network devices, typically computers.
Chapter 2: Networking Basics
An Introduction to LANs
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A DHCP server can either be a designated PC on the network or another network device, such as the Router. By
default, the Router’s Internet Connection Type is Obtain an IP automatically (DHCP).
The PC or network device obtaining an IP address is called the DHCP client. DHCP frees you from having to assign
IP addresses manually every time a new user is added to your network.
For DSL users, many ISPs may require you to log on with a user name and password to gain access to the
Internet. This is a dedicated, high-speed connection type called Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE).
PPPoE is similar to a dial-up connection, but PPPoE does not dial a phone number when establishing a
connection. It also will provide the Router with a dynamic IP address to establish a connection to the Internet.
By default, a DHCP server (on the LAN side) is enabled on the Router. If you already have a DHCP server running
on your network, you MUST disable one of the two DHCP servers. If you run more than one DHCP server on your
network, you will experience network errors, such as conflicting IP addresses. To disable DHCP on the Router, see
the Basic Setup section in “Chapter 5: Setting up and Configuring the Router.”
Why do I need a VPN?
LAN: the computers and networking products that
make up your local network
Computer networking provides a flexibility not available when using an archaic, paper-based system. With this
flexibility, however, comes an increased risk in security. This is why firewalls were first introduced. Firewalls help
to protect data inside of a local network. But what do you do once information is sent outside of your local
network, when e-mails are sent to their destination, or when you have to connect to your company's network
when you are out on the road? How is your data protected?
NOTE: Since the Router is a device that connects two
networks, it needs two IP addresses—one for the
LAN, and one for the Internet. In this User Guide, you’ll
see references to the “Internet IP address” and the
“LAN IP address.”
That is when a VPN can help. VPNs are called Virtual Private Networks because they secure data moving outside
of your network as if it were still within that network.
When data is sent out across the Internet from your computer, it is always open to attacks. You may already have
a firewall, which will help protect data moving around or held within your network from being corrupted or
intercepted by entities outside of your network, but once data moves outside of your network - when you send
data to someone via e-mail or communicate with an individual over the Internet - the firewall will no longer
protect that data.
Since the Router uses NAT technology, the only IP
address that can be seen from the Internet for your
network is the Router’s Internet IP address. However,
even this Internet IP address can be blocked, so that
the Router and network seem invisible to the Internet.
At this point, your data becomes open to hackers using a variety of methods to steal not only the data you are
transmitting but also your network login and security data. Some of the most common methods are as follows:
1) MAC Address Spoofing
Packets transmitted over a network, either your local network or the Internet, are preceded by a packet header.
These packet headers contain both the source and destination information for that packet to transmit efficiently.
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A hacker can use this information to spoof (or fake) a MAC address allowed on the network. With this spoofed
MAC address, the hacker can also intercept information meant for another user.
2) Data Sniffing
Data “sniffing” is a method used by hackers to obtain network data as it travels through unsecured networks,
such as the Internet. Tools for just this kind of activity, such as protocol analyzers and network diagnostic tools,
are often built into operating systems and allow the data to be viewed in clear text.
3) Man in the middle attacks
Once the hacker has either sniffed or spoofed enough information, he can now perform a “man in the middle”
attack. This attack is performed, when data is being transmitted from one network to another, by rerouting the
data to a new destination. Even though the data is not received by its intended recipient, it appears that way to
the person sending the data.
These are only a few of the methods hackers use and they are always developing more. Without the security of
your VPN, your data is constantly open to such attacks as it travels over the Internet. Data travelling over the
Internet will often pass through many different servers around the world before reaching its final destination.
That's a long way to go for unsecured data and this is when a VPN serves its purpose.
What is a VPN?
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a connection between two endpoints - a VPN Router, for instance - in
different networks that allows private data to be sent securely over a shared or public network, such as the
Internet. This establishes a private network that can send data securely between these two locations or
networks.
This is done by creating a “tunnel”. A VPN tunnel connects the two PCs or networks and allows data to be
transmitted over the Internet as if it were still within those networks. Not a literal tunnel, it is a connection
secured by encrypting the data sent between the two networks.
encryption: encoding data to prevent it from being
read by unauthorized people
VPN was created as a cost-effective alternative to using a private, dedicated, leased line for a private network.
Using industry standard encryption and authentication techniques - IPSec, short for IP Security - the VPN creates
a secure connection that, in effect, operates as if you were directly connected to your local network. Virtual
Private Networking can be used to create secure networks linking a central office with branch offices,
telecommuters, and/or professionals on the road (travelers can connect to a VPN Router using any computer with
VPN client software that supports IPSec, such as SSH Sentinel.)
IPSec: a VPN protocol used to implement
secure exchange of packets at the IP layer
There are two basic ways to create a VPN connection:
Chapter 2: Networking Basics
What is a VPN?
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•VPN Router to VPN Router
•Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN Router
The VPN Router creates a “tunnel” or channel between two endpoints, so that data transmissions between them
are secure. A computer with VPN client software that supports IPSec can be one of the two endpoints. Any
computer with the built-in IPSec Security Manager (Microsoft 2000 and XP) allows the VPN Router to create a VPN
tunnel using IPSec). Other versions of Microsoft operating systems require additional, third-party VPN client
software applications that support IPSec to be installed.
VPN Router to VPN Router
An example of a VPN Router-to-VPN Router VPN would be as follows. (See Figure 2-1.) At home, a telecommuter
uses his VPN Router for his always-on Internet connection. His router is configured with his office's VPN settings.
When he connects to his office's router, the two routers create a VPN tunnel, encrypting and decrypting data. As
VPNs utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, the telecommuter now has a secure connection
to the central office's network, as if he were physically connected.
Figure 2-1: VPN Router-to-VPN Router VPN
Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN Router
The following is an example of a computer-to-VPN Router VPN. (See Figure 2-2.) In her hotel room, a traveling
businesswoman dials up her ISP. Her notebook computer has VPN client software that is configured with her
office's VPN settings. She accesses the VPN client software that supports IPSec and connects to the VPN Router
at the central office. As VPNs utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, the businesswoman now
has a secure connection to the central office's network, as if she were physically connected.
For additional information and instructions about creating your own VPN, please visit Linksys’s website at
Figure 2-2: Computer-to-VPN Router VPN
Chapter 2: Networking Basics
What is a VPN?
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Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Router
The Front Panel
The Router’s LEDs, ports, and Reset button are located on the front panel of the Router.
LAN
SFP
WAN
Figure 3-1: Front Panel
Ports
1-4 (Gigabit)
These four Gigabit (10/100/1000) ports connect to network devices, such as PCs,
print servers, or additional switches.
10/100 (WAN)
SFP
The 10/100 port connects to a cable or DSL modem.
The SFP (Small Fiber Pluggable) port can be used to connect a 10/100 network,
through either a hub or switch.
NOTE: The WAN and SFP ports cannot be used at the same time. One one of
these port may be used at a time.
LEDs
Diag
Orange. The Diag LED lights up when the system is not ready. The LED goes off when
the system is ready.
System
Green. The System LED lights up when the Router is powered on. If the LED is flashing,
the Router is running a diagnostic test.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Router
The Front Panel
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1-4 (Gigabit)
Green. The Gigabit LEDs serve two purposes. If an LED is continuously lit, the Router is
connected to a device through the corresponding port (1, 2, 3, or 4). If the LED is
flashing, the Router is actively sending or receiving data over that port.
10/100
SFP
Green. The 10/100 LED lights up when the Router is connected to your cable or DSL
modem.
Green. The SFP (Small Fiber Pluggable) LED lights up when connected to a 10/100
network.
Reset Button
The Reset button can be used in one of two ways:
If the Router is having problems connecting to the Internet, press the Reset button for
just a second with a paper clip or a pencil tip. This is similar to pressing the Reset
button on your PC to reboot it.
Boot: to start a device and cause it to
start executing instructions
If you are experiencing extreme problems with the Router and have tried all other
troubleshooting measures, press and hold in the Reset button for 30 seconds. This will
restore the factory defaults and clear all of the Router’s settings, such as port
forwarding or a new password.
The Back Panel
The Router’s Power port is located on the back panel of the Router.
Figure 3-2: Back Panel
Power
The Power port is where you connect the AC power cord.
Proceed to “Chapter 4: Connecting the Router.”
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Router
The Back Panel
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Chapter 4: Connecting the Router
Overview
To set up your network, you will do the following:
•
•
Connect the Router to one of your PCs according to the instructions in this chapter.
If necessary, configure your PCs to obtain an IP address automatically from the Router, according to
“Appendix F: Windows Help”. (By default, Windows 98, 2000, Millennium, and XP computers are set to obtain
an IP address automatically, so unless you have changed the default setting, then you will not need to
configure your PCs.)
•
Set up and configure the Router with the setting(s) provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) according
to “Chapter 5: Setting up and Configuring the Router.”
Broadband: an always-on, fast Internet connection
The installation technician from your ISP should have left the setup information with you after installing your
broadband connection. If not, you can call your ISP to request the information. Once you have the setup
information for your specific type of Internet connection, then you can begin installation and setup of the Router.
Notebook with
Ethernet Adapter
Cable or DSL
Modem
VPN Router
PC with Ethernet
Adapter
Figure 4-1: Example of a Typical Network
Chapter 4: Connecting the Router
Overview
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Hardware: the physical aspect of computers,
telecommunications, and other information technology devices
Connection Instructions
1. Before you begin, make sure that all of your hardware is powered off, including the Router, PCs, hubs,
switches, and cable or DSL modem.
2. Connect one end of an Ethernet network cable to one of the numbered ports on the front of the Router.
Connect the other end to an Ethernet port on a network device, e.g., a PC, print server, hub, or switch.
Repeat this step to connect more PCs or other network devices to the Router.
3. Connect your cable or DSL modem’s Ethernet cable to the Router’s Internet port.
4. Power on the cable or DSL modem and the other network device if using one.
5. Connect the included power cord to the Router’s Power port on the back of the Router, and plug the power
cord into an electrical outlet.
The System LED on the front panel will light up as soon as the power adapter is connected properly.
If you need to configure your PCs, proceed to “Appendix F: Windows Help.” Otherwise, proceed to
“Chapter 5: Setting Up and Configuring the Router.”
Chapter 4: Connecting the Router
Connection Instructions
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Chapter 5: Setting Up and Configuring the Router
Overview
The Router comes with a Web-based Utility that allows for easy set up and configuration. This chapter will explain
all of the functions in this Utility. (You can access the web-based utility by accessing 192.168.1.1.)
There are eleven main tabs in the Utility: System Summary, Setup, DHCP, System Management, Port
Management, Firewall, VPN, Log, Wizard, Support, and Logout. Sub-tabs are available when you click one of the
main tabs. The tabs are described below:
System Summary Tab
The System Summary Tab displays the Router’s current status and settings. This information is read only. Some
words are underlined on this screen and, if you click them, will take you to the Utility page appropriate for that
word.
Setup Tab
From this tab, you can set the basic settings on your network. The screens available from this tab include:
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•
Network. Enter the Internet connection and network settings on this screen.
Password. From this screen, you can change the Router’s password on this screen. For network security, you
should always change the password from its default setting.
•
•
Time. Change the time shown on the network from this screen.
DMZ Host. The DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) Host feature allows one network PC to be exposed to the Internet to
use special-purpose services such as Internet gaming or video conferencing.
•
Forwarding. Port forwarding can be used to set up public services on your network. You may use this function
to establish a Web server or FTP server via an IP Gateway.
•
•
UPnP. UPnP forwarding, set up on this screen, can be used to set up public services on your network.
One-to-One NAT. Like the DMZ feature, One-to-One NAT opens the NAT firewall for one computer, but does it
only for one Internet address. This feature is administered through this screen.
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•
MAC Clone. Some ISPs require that you register a MAC address. From this screen, you can “clone” your
network adapter's MAC address onto the Router. This prevents you from having to call your ISP to change the
registered MAC address to the Router's MAC address.
DDNS: the capability of having a website, FTP, or e-mail
server-with a dynamic IP address-use a fixed domain name
•
•
DDNS. DDNS (Dynamic DNS) service, on this screen, allows you to assign a fixed domain name to a dynamic
Internet IP address. This allows you to host your own Web, FTP or other type of TCP/IP server in your network.
Advanced Routing. The Router's dynamic routing feature can be set up on this screen to automatically adjust
to physical changes in the network's layout.
DHCP Tab
•
Setup. From this screen, you can enable/disable the DHCP server, set up client lease time, DHCP IP Range,
and the WINS Server IP address.
•
Status. This Status page is available to review DHCP Server Status.
System Management Tab
•
SNMP. SNMP, or Simple Network Management Protocol, is a network protocol that provides network
administrators with the ability to monitor the status of the Router and receive notification of any critical
events as they occur on the network. SNMP can be managed from this screen.
•
•
Diagnostic. From this screen, you can use the Router’s two built-in tools to troubleshoot network problems.
Factory Default. The “Factory Default” button on this screen can be used to clear all of your configuration
information and restore the Router to its factory default settings. Only use this feature if you wish to discard
all other configuration preferences.
•
•
•
Firmware Upgrade. Users can use the function on this screen to upgrade the Router’s firmware to the newest
version.
Restart. The recommended method of restarting your Router is to use the “Restart Router” button on this
screen. Restarting with this button will send out your log file before the box is reset.
Setting Backup. This screen allows you to make or import a backup file of your Preferences file for the Router.
Port Management Tab
•
•
Port Setup. From this screen, users can configure the functionality for each port.
Port Status. Users can choose this screen to see the status of a selected port.
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Firewall Tab
•
•
•
General. From this screen, you can configure the Router’s broadest settings for denying or allowing specific
users from accessing the Internet.
Access Rules. Access Rules determine how and when network traffic will be allowed access to the network
or to the Internet, determining when traffic is allowed to pass through the firewall.
Content Filter. This screen allows you to filter web access by site, keyword and time.
VPN Tab
•
•
•
Summary. The VPN Summary screen displays a quick view of VPN activity and status.
Gateway to Gateway. From this screen, users can administer tunnels between two VPN devices.
Client to Gateway. From this screen, tunnels between a Local VPN device and a mobile user can be
administered.
•
VPN Pass Through. This tab allows you to enable or disable IPSec Pass Through, PPTP Pass Through, and
L2TP Pass Through.
Log Tab
•
•
System Log. The System Log allows you to administer the Syslog, E-mail and Log Settings.
System Statistics. This screen displays the system statistics.
Wizard Tab
•
Wizard. Use this tab to access two Setup Wizards, the Basic Setup Wizard and Access Rule Setup Wizard.
Support Tab
•
Support. The buttons on this tab allow you to access the user guide and the Linksys website.
Logout Tab
•
Logout. Clicking this tab exits you from the Utility.
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How to Access the Web-based Utility
To access the Router’s Web-based Utility, launch Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, and enter the Router’s
default IP address, 192.168.1.1, in the Address field. Then, press the Enter key.
Figure 5-1: Router’s IP Address
A Login screen will appear asking you for your User name and Password. Enter admin in the User name field, and
enter admin in the Password field. Then, click the OK button.
System Summary Tab
The first screen that appears is System Summary Tab. This screen displays the Router’s current status and
settings. This information is read-only. Words that are underlined will, when clicked, open the Setup page for that
feature. On the right side of the screen and all other screens in the Utility will be a link to the Site Map, which has
links to all of the Utility’s tabs. Click the Site Map button to view the Site Map (shown in Figure 5-4). Then, click
on desired tab subject.
Figure 5-2: Login Screen
System Information
Serial Number: The Router’s serial number is displayed here.
Firmware version: This shows the current version number of the firmware installed on this unit.
CPU: This shows the type of processor installed on the Router.
DRAM: This displays the amount of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), in Megabytes, the Router has.
Flash: This displays the amount of Flash Memory, in Megabytes, the Router has.
System Up Time: This displays the length of time in Days, Hours, and Minutes that the Router has been active,
along with the current time.
Configuration
If you need help configuring the router, click the Setup Wizard button. A complete walk-through of the Setup
Wizard is shown in the Wizard Tab section.
Figure 5-3: System Summary
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Port Statistics
You can check the status of any of the Router’s ports simply by clicking the port number on the port diagram. If
the port is disabled, it will be red; if enabled, it will be black. If it is connected, it will be green.
This will open up a summary table. This summary table will show the port’s settings, such as Type, Link Status
(up or down), Port Disable (on or off), Priority (High or Normal), Speed Status (10Mbps,100Mbps, or 1000Mbps),
Duplex Status (half or full), Auto negotiation (enable or disable). The LAN ports can be configured from the LAN
Setup page of the LAN Management Tab.
Network Setting Status
LAN IP: This shows the Router’s current LAN IP Address, and hyperlinks to that section of the Setup Tab.
WAN IP: This shows the IP Address of the WAN port, hyperlinked to that section of the Setup Tab. When WAN is
set up to Obtain an IP automatically, two buttons will be shown here: Release and Renew. Click the Release
button to release the current IP Address and click the Renew button to update the DHCP Lease Time or get a new
IP. When the WAN port is set up with PPPoE or PPTP, these two buttons will be displayed as Connect and
Disconnect.
Figure 5-4: Site Map
Mode: This tells you if the Router’s Working Mode is Gateway or Router, hyperlinked to that section of the Setup
Tab
DNS: All DNS Server Addresses are displayed here, with hyperlinks to that section of the Setup Tab.
DNS the IP address of your ISP's server, which
translates the names of websites into IP addresses
DDNS: This shows if the DDNS status is On or Off, with hyperlinks to that section of the Setup Tab.
DMZ Host: If this feature is enabled, the DMZ Private Address will be displayed. This is also hyperlinked to that
section of the Setup Tab.
Firewall Setting Status
SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection): This shows if the SPI status is On or Off, hyperlinked to that section of the
Firewall Tab.
DoS (Denial of Service): This shows if the DoS status is On or Off, hyperlinked to that section of the Firewall Tab.
Block WAN Request: This shows if the Block WAN Request status is On or Off, hyperlinked to that section of the
Firewall Tab.
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VPN Setting Status
VPN Summary: This hyperlink will take you to the Summary page of the VPN Tab.
Tunnel(s) Used: This displays the amount of VPN Tunnels used.
Tunnel(s) Available: This displays the amount of VPN Tunnels available.
Current Connected (The Group Name of GroupVPN) users: This displays the amount of VPN users connected
via GroupVPN.
(If GroupVPN is disabled, it will show “No Group VPN was defined.”)
Log Setting Status:
This hyperlink will take you to the System Log page of the Log Tab.
If you have not set up the Log’s mail server, this will show “E-mail cannot be sent because you have not specified
an outbound SMTP server address.”
If you have set up the mail server but the log has not come out due to Log Queue Length and Log Time Threshold
settings, this will show “E-mail settings have been configured.”
If you have set up the mail server and the log has been sent to the mail server, this will show “E-mail settings
have been configured and sent out normally.”
If you have set up the mail server and the log cannot be sent to mail server successfully, this will show “E-mail
cannot be sent out, probably use incorrect settings.”
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Setup Tab - Network
The Setup screen contains all of the Router’s basic setup functions. These functions can be set from this screen
but normally don’t need to be adjusted, as the Router has been designed to be used in most network settings
without changing any of the default values. Some users, however, may need to enter additional information in
order to connect to the Internet through an ISP (Internet Service Provider) or broadband (DSL, cable modem)
carrier.
Network
Host Name & Domain Name: Some ISPs may require a Host Name and Domain Name for identification, and can
provide them to you. In most cases, though, leaving these fields blank will work.
LAN Setting
This shows the Router’s MAC Address, LAN IP Address and Subnet Mask. The MAC Address is the physical
address for the Router. The default value is 192.168.1.1 for IP address and 255.255.255.0 for the Subnet Mask.
Figure 5-5: Setup Tab - Network
WAN Interface Setting
Choose which port you wish to use, the WAN port (for connecting a broadband Internet connection) or the SFP
port, for 10/100 networking. Only one of these ports can be used at a time.
WAN Connection Type
Obtain an IP Automatically
If your ISP automatically assigns an IP Address, select Obtain an IP automatically. If you check the box for Use
the Following DNS Server Addresses, enter a specific DNS Server IP Address. Multiple DNS IP Settings are
common. In most cases, the first available DNS entry is used.
Figure 5-6: WAN Connection Type -
Obtain an IP Automatically
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Static IP
If you have to specify the WAN IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway Address, and DNS Server, select Static
IP. All of this information can be obtained from your ISP.
Figure 5-7: WAN Connection Type - Static IP
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) (most DSL users)
Your ISP will let you know whether PPPoE should be enabled or not, which will be determined by if they use this
protocol. To enable PPPoE:
1. Enter the User Name and Password you use to access your ISP account.
2. By selecting the Connect on Demand option, the PPPoE connection will be disconnected if it has been idle
for a period longer than the Max Idle Time setting.
3. By selecting the Keep Alive option, the Router will keep the connection alive by sending out a few data
packets at the Redial Period, so your Internet service thinks that the connection is still active.
Figure 5-8: WAN Connection Type - PPPoE
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
1. Enter the WAN IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway Address provided by your ISP.
2. Enter the User Name and Password you use to access your ISP account.
3. By selecting the Connect on Demand option, the connection will be disconnected if it has been idle for a
period longer than the Max Idle Time setting.
By selecting the Keep Alive option, the Router will keep the connection alive by sending out a few data packets
at the Redial Period, so your Internet service thinks that the connection is still active.
Figure 5-9: WAN Connection Type - PPTP
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Setup Tab - Password
The Router's default User Name and Password is admin. For greater network security, you should change the
Router's password from this default. If you leave the password field blank, all users on your network will be able
to access the Router simply by entering admin into the password field.
Old Password: Enter the old password.
NOTE: The password cannot be recovered if it is lost or forgotten. If the password is
lost or forgotten, you have to reset the Router to its factory default settings.
New Password: Enter a new password for the Router. Your password must be less than 64 alphanumeric
Figure 5-10: Setup Tab - Password
characters long and it can’t contain any spaces.
Confirm New Password: Re-enter the new password for confirmation.
Click the Save Settings button to save the Password settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the
changes.
Setup Tab - Time
Time
The Router uses the time settings to time stamp log events, to automatically update the Content Filter List, and to
synchronize time on your networked devices.
Set the local time with Set the local time using Network Time Protocol (NTP) automatically or Set the local
time Manually. When you choose to have the time set by using Network Time Protocol, the Router will
automatically connect to the NTP server whose address is input, providing the correct time.
Automatic: Select the Time Zone and enter the Daylight Saving and NTP Server. The default Time Zone is Pacific
Time.
Figure 5-11: Setup Tab - Time
Manual: Enter the Hours, Minutes, Seconds, Month, Day and Year.
Click the Save Settings button to save the Time settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the
changes.
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Setup Tab - DMZ Host
The DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) Host feature opens the firewall for one of your network’s users so they can access
the Internet to use a special-purpose service such as Internet gaming or video conferencing. This user, however,
is unprotected by the firewall.
To open the firewall for one network user to access one website, and visa versa, utilize the One-to-One NAT
feature.
Enter the DMZ Private IP Address to access the DMZ Host settings. The Default value zero (0) will deactivate
the DMZ Host.
Figure 5-12: Setup Tab - DMZ Host
Click the Save Settings button to save the DMZ Host setting or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the
changes.
http: the communications protocol used to
connect to servers on the World Wide Web.
Setup Tab - Forwarding
Port forwarding can be used to set up public services on your network. When users outside your network (i.e.,
from the Internet) make certain requests on your network, the Router can forward those requests to the
appropriate computers equipped to handle the requests. If, for example, you set port number 80 (HTTP) to be
forwarded to IP Address 192.168.1.2, then all HTTP requests from outside users will be forwarded to 192.168.1.2.
You may use this function to establish a Web server or FTP server via an IP Gateway. Be sure that you enter a
valid IP Address. (You may need to establish a static IP address in order to properly run an Internet server.) For
added security, those outside your network (i.e., from the Internet) will be able to communicate with the server
but they will not actually be connected. Those packets will simply be forwarded through the Router.
Figure 5-13: Setup Tab - Forwarding
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Port Range Forwarding
1. Select the Service from the pull-down menu, shown in Figure 5-15.
2. If the Service you need is not listed in the menu, please click the Service Management button to add the
new Service Name, and enter the Protocol and Port Range. This will open the Service Management screen.
Click the Add to List button. Then, click the Save Setting button. Click the Exit button.
3. Enter the IP Address of the server that you want the Internet users to access. Then enable the entry.
4. Click the Add to List button, and configure as many entries as you would like. You also can Delete selected
application.
Figure 5-14: Port Range Forwarding -
Service Management
Port Triggering
Some Internet applications or games use alternate ports to communicate between server and LAN host. When
you want to use those applications, enter the triggering (outgoing) port and alternate incoming port in this table.
The Router will forward the incoming packets to the LAN host.
1. Enter the application name, range of port numbers, and the incoming port range.
2. You can click the Add to List button, shown in Figure 5-15, to add Port Triggering or Delete selected
application.
Click the Save Settings button to save the settings, click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes, click
the Show Tables to see the details.
NOTE: The Router’s WAN IP (NAT Public) Address may not be included in a range.
NOTE: One-to-One NAT does not change the way the firewall functions work. Access to
machines on the LAN from the Internet will not be allowed unless Network Access Rules are set.
Chapter 5: Setting Up and Configuring the Router
Setup Tab - Forwarding
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Setup Tab - UPnP Page
UPnP forwarding can be used to set up public services on your network. Windows XP can modify those entries via
UPnP when UPnP function is enabled.
UPnP Function: Enable this function by selecting Yes. The default setting for this feature is No.
To add a UPnP function:
1. Select the Service from the pull-down menu.
2. If the Service you need is not listed in menu, please click the Service Management button to add the new
Service Name, and enter the Protocol and Port Range. Click the Add to List button. Then, click the Save
Setting button. Click the Exit button.
Figure 5-15: Setup Tab - UPnP
3. Enter the Name or IP Address of the server that you want the Internet users to access. Then enable the entry.
Click the Add to List button, and configure as many entries as you would like. You also can Delete selected
application. You can also see the specifics of each service you’ve added by clicking the Show Tables button.
Setup Tab - One-to-One NAT
One-to-One NAT opens the firewall for one network user a lot like the DMZ host feature. In this feature, however,
the network user is restricted to a single website.
To enable One-to-One NAT, check the Enable box at the top of the screen.
To set this up, you must define internal and external address ranges of equal length. Set the beginning of the
Private Range - this will be a range of IP Addresses on your network. Then, set the beginning of the Public Range
- this is the range of IP Addresses on the Internet. Lastly, set the Range Length. For however long this length is,
each first address will correspond and connect, as will the second, third, forth, etc. Up to 64 ranges may be
added. To map a single address, use a Range Length of 1.
Click the Save Settings button to save the settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
NOTE: One-to-One NAT does change the way the firewall functions work.
Access to machines on the LAN from the Internet will be allowed unless
Network Access Rules are set.
Figure 5-16: Setup Tab - One-to-One NAT
Chapter 5: Setting Up and Configuring the Router
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Setup Tab - MAC Clone
Some ISPs require that you register a MAC address. The MAC Clone feature “clones” your network adapter's MAC
address onto the Router, and prevents you from having to call your ISP to change the registered MAC address to
the Router's MAC address. The Router's MAC address is a 12-digit code assigned to a unique piece of hardware
for identification.
Enter the MAC Address in the User Defined WAN MAC Address field or select MAC Address from this PC.
Click Save Settings to save the MAC Cloning settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-17: Setup Tab - MAC Clone
Setup Tab - DDNS
DDNS (Dynamic DNS) service allows you to assign a fixed domain name to a dynamic WAN IP address. This
allows you to host your own Web, FTP or other type of TCP/IP server in your LAN.
Before configuring DDNS, you need to visit www.dyndns.org and register a domain name. (The DDNS service is
provided by DynDNS.org).
DDNS Service: The DDNS feature is disabled by default. To enable this feature, just select DynDNS.org or
3322.org from the pull-down menu, and enter the User name, Password, and Host Name of the account you set
up with the DDNS service.
Your IP Address: The current IP Address for the WAN port is displayed here. Because it is dynamic, this will
change.
Status: The status of the DDNS function and Internet status is displayed.
Figure 5-18: Setup Tab - DDNS
Click the Save Settings button to save the DDNS settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your
changes.
NOTE: This Router is also capable of dynamic routing from the DHCP tab. In many
cases, it is better to use dynamic routing because the function will allow the Router to
automatically adjust to physical changes in the network's layout. In order to use static
routing, the Router's DHCP settings must be disabled.
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Setup Tab - Advanced Routing
Dynamic Routing
The Router's dynamic routing feature can be used to automatically adjust to physical changes in the network's
layout. The Router uses the dynamic RIP protocol, which is a networking protocol to manage network
communications or communications between networks. It determines the route that the network packets take
based on the fewest number of hops between the source and the destination. The RIP protocol regularly
broadcasts routing information to other routers on the network.
Working Mode: Select Gateway mode if the Router is hosting your network’s connection to the Internet. Select
Router mode if the Router exists on a network with other routers, including a separate network gateway that
handles the Internet connection. When this Router is in Router Mode, you must have another router function as
the gateway in order for any computer connected to the Router to be able to connect to the Internet.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol): The Router, using the RIP protocol, calculates the most efficient route for the
network’s data packets to travel between the source and the destination, based upon the shortest paths.
Receive RIP versions: Choose the protocol for receiving data from the network. (None, RIPv1, RIPv2, Both RIPv1
and v2).
Figure 5-19: Setup Tab - Advanced Routing
Transmit RIP versions: Choose the protocol for transmitting data on the network. (None, RIPv1,
RIPv2-Broadcast, RIPv2-Multicast)
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Static Routing
You will need to configure Static Routing if there are multiple routers connected to your network. The static
routing function determines the path data follows over your network. Static routing allows different IP domain
users to access the Internet through this device. This is an advanced feature. Please proceed with caution.
To set up static routing, you should add routing entries in the Router's table that tell the device where to send all
incoming packets. All of your network routers should direct the default route entry to this Router.
Enter the following data to create a static route entry:
1. Destination IP: Enter the network address of the remote LAN segment. For a standard Class C IP domain, the
network address is the first three fields of the Destination LAN IP, while the last field should be zero.
Figure 5-20: Setup Tab - Routing Table Entry List
2. Subnet Mask: Enter the Subnet Mask used on the destination LAN IP domain. For Class C IP domains, the
Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
3. Default Gateway: If this Router is used to connect your network to the Internet, then your gateway IP is the
Router's IP Address. If you have another router handling your network's Internet connection, enter the IP
Address of that router instead.
default gateway: a device that forwards
Internet traffic from your local area network
4. Hop Count (max. 15): This value gives the number of nodes that a data packet passes through before reaching
its destination. A node is any device on the network, such as switches, PCs, etc.
node: a network junction or connection
point, typically a computer or work station
5. Interface: (LAN, WAN) This setting directs where the static route is going, either to a PC in your network or to
the Internet. If you’re connecting to a network, select LAN. If you’re connecting to another network through
the Internet, select WAN.
Click Add to list to add a route entry or click Delete Selected IP to delete the static route entry.
Click the Save Settings button to save the Routing settings, click the Cancel Changes button to undo your
changes or click the Show Routing Table button to view the current routing table.
Clicking the Show Routing Table button will open the Routing Table Entry List. This will show the routes you
have established, with network information, number of hops for each route, and the type of interface used. Click
the Refresh button to update the screen or Close to close it.
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DHCP Tab - Setup
Setup
The Router can be used as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server on your network. A DHCP server
assigns available IP addresses to each computer on your network automatically. If you choose to enable the
DHCP server option, you must configure all of the PCs on your LAN to connect to a DHCP server. (See Appendix F:
Windows Help.)
Enable DHCP Server: Check the box to enable the DHCP Server. If you already have a DHCP server on your
network, leave the box blank.
Dynamic IP
Client Lease Time: This is the amount of time each network PC will have an IP Address assigned to it before it
dynamically changes. The range is 5 ~ 43,200 Minutes.
Dynamic IP Range Start/End: Enter a starting IP address and ending IP address to make a range to assign
dynamic IPs. The default range is 100~149.
Static IP
Figure 5-21: DHCP Setup
The Static IP section of this screen is provided in the event you want the IP Addresses of certain PCs on your
network to remain static. In this event, enter the Static IP Address in the space provided, along with that PC’s
MAC Address.
Click Add to list to add a route entry or click Delete Selected IP to delete the static route entry.
DNS
For faster access to DNS Servers through the DHCP Server, enter the IP Address of the DNS Servers in the spaces
provided.
WINS
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) is a service that turns NetBIOS names to IP addresses. Enter the WINS
IP Address here. If you do not know the WINS, leave it as 0.
Click the Save Settings button to save the DHCP settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the
changes.
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DHCP Tab - Status
The DHCP Server Status reports the IP of the DHCP Server, the number of Dynamic IP Addresses and Static IP
Addresses Used, DHCP Addresses Available and Total Addresses within the Range set.
The Client Table shows the information related to each PC on the network: Client Host Name, IP Address, MAC
Address, and Leased Time. Click the Trash Can icon to terminate the DHCP lease, releasing the IP Address of the
Client Host, or click the Refresh button to refresh the Client Table.
System Management Tab - SNMP
SNMP, or Simple Network Management Protocol, is a network protocol that allows network administrators to
monitor the status of the Router and receive notification of any critical events as they occur. The Router supports
SNMP v1/v2c and all relevant Management Information Base II (MIBII) groups.
Figure 5-22: DHCP Status
To configure SNMP, enter the necessary information in the following fields:
SNMP Enable: SNMP is enabled by default. To disable the SNMP agent, click this box to remove the check mark.
System Name: Set the hostname far the Router.
System Contact: Enter the name of the network administrator who can be contacted with updates about the
Router.
System Location: The network administrator's contact information is placed into this field. Enter an E-mail
address, telephone number, or pager number.
Get Community Name: Create a name, no more than 64 alphanumeric characters in length, for a group or
community of administrators who can view SNMP data. The default value is “Public”.
Figure 5-23: System Management Tab - SNMP
Set Community Name: Create a name for a group or community of administrators who can receive SNMP traps,
messages regarding the Router’s status. A name of no more than 64 alphanumeric characters long must be
entered.
Trap Community Name: Type the Trap Community Name, which is the password sent with each trap to the
SNMP manager. A name of no more than 64 alphanumeric characters long must be entered.
Send SNMP Trap to: Enter the IP Address or Domain Name in this field where the Router can send traps.
Click the Save Settings button to save the SNMP settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your
changes.
Chapter 5: Setting Up and Configuring the Router
DHCP Tab - Status
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System Management Tab - Diagnostic
The Router has two built-in tools that will help with troubleshooting network problems.
DNS Name Lookup
The Domain Name Service (DNS) allows to look up websites by entering an easily remembered host name, such
lookup tool that will return the numerical TCP/IP address of a host name.
Enter the host name in the Look up the name field and click the Go button. Do not add the prefix “http://”,
otherwise the search will result in an “Address Resolving Failed” message. The Router will then query the DNS
server and display the result below.
Figure 5-24: System Management Tab -
DNS Name Lookup
NOTE: The DNS Server’s IP address must be entered in the Network page of the
Setup Tab (see Figure 5-5) for the DNS Name Lookup feature to function.
Ping
ping: an Internet utility used to determine
whether a particular IP address is online
The Ping test bounces a packet of data off an IP Address and back again to the sender. This test shows if the
Router is able to contact the remote host. If users on the network are having problems accessing services on the
Internet, try pinging the DNS server, or another machine at the ISP’s location. If this test is successful, try pinging
other IP Addresses. This will show if the problem lies with the ISP’s connection or the other IP Address.
Enter the IP address being pinged and click the Go button. The test will take a few seconds to complete. Once
completed, a message showing the results will be displayed at the bottom of the Web browser window. The
results include Packets transmitted / received / loss and Round Trip Time (Minimum, Maximum, and Average).
NOTE: The Ping test requires an IP address. The Router’s DNS Name
Lookup tool may be used to find the IP address.
Figure 5-25: System Management Tab - Ping
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System Management Tab - Factory Default
The Factory Default button can be used to clear all of your configuration information and restore the Router to its
factory default settings. Only use this feature if you wish to discard all other configuration preferences.
Click the Return to Factory Default Setting button if you want to restore the Router to the factory default
settings. After clicking the button, another screen, asking if you are sure you want to restore the settings to
default will appear. Click OK to continue. Another screen will then appear to show that the system is rebooting.
Figure 5-26: System Management Tab - Factory Default
Figure 5-27: Are You Sure
download: to receive a file transmitted over a network
System Management Tab - Firmware Upgrade
Firmware Upgrade
Use this function to upgrade the Router’s firmware to the newest version. If you have already downloaded the
firmware into your computer, then click the Browse button to look for the file. Then, click the Firmware Upgrade
Right Now button.
Firmware Download
Click the Firmware Download from Linksys Web Site button to download the Router’s Firmware from the
Linksys Support page. Select the Router from the pull-down menu and choose the firmware from the options.
After downloading the firmware, follow the Firmware Upgrade instructions above.
Figure 5-28: System Management Tab -
Firmware Upgrade
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System Management Tab - Restart
When restarting the Router, you should use this Restart tool. Restarting with this button will send out a log file
before the box is reset. Select the Active Firmware Version or Backup Firmware Version. Click the Restart
Router button to restart the Router and, when asked to confirm, click OK.
Figure 5-29: System Management Tab - Restart
System Management Tab - Setting Backup
From this screen, you can make a backup file of the Router’s Preferences.
Import Configuration File:
You will need to specify where your Preferences file is located. Click the Browse button and select a Preferences
file. This should have been previously saved using the Export button. After you select the file, click the Import
button. This process may take up to a minute. You will then need to restart the Router in order for the changes to
take effect.
Figure 5-30: System Management Tab -
Setting Backup
Export Configuration File:
Click the Export button and choose where you would like to store your Preferences file. This file will be called
“RV0041.exp” by default, but you may rename it if you wish. This process may take up to a minute.
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Port Management Tab - Port Setup
From this screen, you can configure the connection status for the WAN port, such as Priority, Speed, Duplex and
Auto Negotiation, as well as Priority and VLAN Group for LAN ports. The Speed and Duplex will always Auto
Negotiate on LAN ports.
Basic Per Port Config.
This screen is divided by the LAN ports and the WAN ports. The port information and modifications are displayed
according to the following columns.
LAN
Figure 5-31: Port Management Tab - Port Setup
Port ID: This signifies which port is being configured.
Interface: This column shows the type of port you are configuring.
Disable: Checking this box will disable the corresponding port.
Priority: Select High or Normal for Port-based QoS (Quality of Service). Port-based QoS is used to maximize
network performance and this setting allows you to prioritize performance on four LAN ports.
VLAN: For each LAN port, a VLAN (a Virtual LAN, or network within your network) can be established. Up to four
VLANs can be established.
WAN
Port ID: This signifies which port is being configured.
Interface: This column shows the type of WAN port you are configuring, either the RJ-45 port for Internet
connection or the SFP port for 10/100 networking.
Disable: Checking this box will disable the corresponding port.
Speed: This allows you to manually configure the per-port speed as 10Mbps, 100Mbps, or 1000Mbps. The SFP
interface can only be configured at 100Mbps.
Duplex: This configures the port to half-duplex or full-duplex throughput.
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Auto Negotiation: If enabled, the WAN port will be set as auto negotiated, which will automatically manage
speed and throughput. Auto-negotiation is not supported with the SFP interface. The speed will be always
100Mbps, and users have to configure the Duplex.
Half-Duplex: data transmission that can occur in two
directions over a single line, but only one direction at a time.
Click the Save Settings button to save the Port settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your
changes.
Port Management Tab - Port Status
Users can choose the port number from the pull down menu to see the status of the selected port.
The Summary table will show the settings for the selected port, such as Type, Link Status (up or down), Port
Activity (Enabled or Disabled), Priority (High or Normal), Speed Status (10Mbps, 100Mbps, or 1000Mbps), Duplex
Status (Half or Full), Auto negotiation (Enabled or Disabled).
Click the Refresh button to refresh the port status.
Figure 5-32: Port Management Tab - Port Status
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10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
Firewall Tab - General
From the Firewall Tab, you can configure the Router to deny or allow users from accessing the Internet or even
network servers. You can set up different packet filters for different users within your network based on their
network Port number or access from the Internet based on their IP addresses.
Firewall: The Firewall function is enabled by default. If this function is disabled, SPI, DoS, Block WAN Request
will also be disabled. Remote Management will be enabled and Access Rules and Content Filter will be disabled.
SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection): The Router's Firewall uses Stateful Packet Inspection to maintain connection
information that passes through the firewall. It will inspect all packets based on the established connection, prior
to passing the packets for processing through a higher protocol layer.
Figure 5-33: Firewall Tab - General
DoS (Denial of Service): Protect internal networks from Internet attacks, such as SYN Flooding, Smurf, LAND, Ping
of Death, IP Spoofing and reassembly attacks.
Block WAN Request: This feature is designed to prevent attacks through the Internet. When it is enabled, the
Router will drop both the unaccepted TCP request and ICMP packets from the WAN side. The hacker will not find
the Router by pinging the WAN IP address.
Remote Management: This Router supports remote management. If you want to manage this Router through the
WAN connection, click Enable. Then, specify which port you wish to use for remote management (eg. 80 or
8080).
Multicast Pass Through: IP Multicasting occurs when a single data transmission is sent to multiple recipients at
the same time. Using this feature, the Router allows IP multicast packets to be forwarded to the appropriate
computers.
multicasting: sending data to a
group of destinations at once
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit): This feature is enabled by default and should remain enabled. It specifies the
largest packet size permitted for network transmission. The default of MTU size is 1500 bytes.
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Firewall Tab - Access Rules
Network Access Rules evaluate the network traffic's Source IP address, Destination IP address, and IP protocol
type to decide if the IP traffic is allowed to pass through the firewall.
Use extreme caution when creating or deleting Network Access Rules, keeping in mind not to disable all firewall
protection or block all access to the Internet. Custom rules can be created to override Default Rules, but there are
four default rules that will be always active, and custom rules cannot override these six rules. These are:
* HTTP service from LAN side to RV0041 is always allowed.
* DHCP service from LAN side is always allowed.
* DNS service from LAN side is always allowed.
* Ping service from LAN side to RV0041 is always allowed.
* All traffic from the LAN to the WAN is allowed.
* All traffic from the WAN to the LAN is denied.
Figure 5-34: Firewall Tab - Access Rules
Jump to: Select from this pull-down menu which page of Rules you wish to display.
Entries Per Page: From this pull-down menu, you can select how many entries will be displayed per page.
The Network Access Rules are broken into a table, with these features:
Priority: This shows, from the number of Rules entered, the order of Rules having higher or lower priority.
Enable: Enable or disable Rules by clicking on the corresponding box.
Action: Allow or Deny traffic to or from specific network or Internet destinations.
Service: This shows the services on your network to which this Rule will apply?
Source Interface: This shows to which port this rule applies.
Source: Displays the source of the traffic affected by the Rule. For instance, if the source of the traffic is on your
network, this will display LAN. Any means that the traffic can originate from any source.
Destination: Displays the destination of the traffic affected by the Rule. For instance, if the destination of the
traffic is your network, this will display LAN. Any means that the traffic can go to any destination.
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Time: This displays the hours (in military time) during which the Rules apply.
Day: This displays the day(s) on which the Rule applies.
Edit: Clicking the Edit button will open the Add a New Access Rule screen, where you can edit any of your custom
rule’s settings.
Delete: Clicking the TrashCan icon will delete this Rule.
Click the Restore to Default Rules to restore the Network Access Rules to their default settings. To add a new
Network Access Rule and open the Add a New Access Rule screen, click the Add New Rule button.
Add a New Access Rule
Services
This screen allows you to set Access Rules, either through a Wizard, by clicking the Wizard button, or directly on
this screen, by entering the information in the spaces provided.
Services: Click Wizard to run the Access Rule Setup Wizard. To view the figures for the Access Rule Setup
Wizard, see Figure 5-65.
Action: Select Allow or Deny from the pull-down menu, depending on if you’d like to allow or deny access.
Service: Select the service from the Service pull-down menu. If the service you need is not listed in the menu,
click the Service Management button to add a new Service. Enter the Service Name, Protocol and Port Range,
and then click Add to list.
Source Interface: Select the source to which this service will apply. WAN sources are over the Internet. LAN
sources are within your network.
Source/Destination IP: For network sources and destinations, select Single for a single IP Address, and enter it.
For sources over the Internet, select Range for a range of IP Addresses, and enter that range. If you select ANY,
this source could be over a LAN or WAN.
Scheduling
Here you can select when this rule will apply, how often, and even at what specific times.
Click the Return button to return to the previous screen. Click the Save Settings button to save the Service
Management settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes. When your settings are correct,
a screen will let you know that settings are successful.
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Editing an Access Rule
To Edit an Access Rule, click the Edit button on the Access Rule screen. The Edit screen looks very much like the
screen for adding a new Access Rule. Enter your changes and click the Save Settings button to save the Service
Management settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes. When your settings are correct,
a screen will let you know that settings are successful. Click the Return button to return to the previous screen.
Firewall Tab - Content Filter
Forbidden Domains
This allows to you increase network security by blocking websites those in your network can access. Click the
Block Forbidden Domains box to enable this function. Then, enter in the IP Address(es) for those websites you
wish to restrict, clicking the Add to List button after you enter each IP Address.
Scheduling
Here you can select when this rule will apply, how often, and even at what specific times.
Click the Save Settings button when you finish the Content Filter settings, or click the Cancel Changes button to
undo your changes.
Figure 5-35: Firewall Tab - Content Filter
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10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
VPN Tab - Summary
Summary
The VPN Summary displays summary information about the VPN (Virtual Private Network), along with the Tunnel
Status and GroupVPN Status.
Summary: It shows the number of Tunnel(s) Used and Tunnel(s) Available. The 10/100/1000 4-port VPN Router
supports 50 tunnels.
Detail: Click the Detail button to see detail of the VPN Summary.
Tunnel Status:
Figure 5-36: VPN Tab - Summary
Add New Tunnel: Click the Add New Tunnel button to add a Gateway to Gateway or Client to Gateway tunnel.
Select the type of tunnel you’d like to add from the Mode Choose screen. A Gateway to Gateway tunnel is created
between two VPN routers. A Client to Gateway tunnel is created between the 10/100/1000 4-port VPN Router and
a PC using the Linksys VPN Client Software. Click the Add Now button, which will open the appropriate screen for
setting up that type of tunnel.
From this section, you can jump to different pages of tunnels and also select how many tunnels you would like
listed per page. These tunnels will then be displayed here, with the following information about each tunnel:
No.: As the tunnels are listed here, they are put in order, 1~50.
Name: This is the Tunnel Name or Group ID Name that you entered when creating the tunnel.
Status: This will show the status of the tunnel, whether it is Connected, Hostname Resolution Failed,
Resolving Hostname or Waiting for Connection. If you select Manual on the IPSec Setup page, this will show
Manual or no Tunnel Test function for Manual Keying Mode.
Phase2 Enct/Auth/Grp: This will show the Encryption type (DES/3DES), Authentication type (MD5/SHA1) and
Group (1/2/5) selected from the IPSec Setup sections of the Gateway to Gateway and Client to Gateway
screens. If you chose Manual mode, this field will show the Encryption and Authentication method set up in
Manual mode.
Local Group: This will show the IP address and subnet mask of the Local Group.
Remote Group: This will show the IP address and subnet mask of the Remote Group.
Remote Gateway: This will show the IP address of the Remote Gateway.
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Tunnel Test: Click the Connect button to verify the tunnel status. The test result will be updated in Status. If
the tunnel is connected, a Disconnect button will be available so you can disconnect the VPN connection.
Config.: This includes options for editing the tunnel, by clicking Edit, or deleting the tunnel, by clicking the
Trash Can.
Tunnel(s) Enable and Tunnel(s) Defined: This will show the amount of tunnels enabled and tunnels defined.
GroupVPN Status:
This section displays the status of VPN tunnels created with the Linksys VPN Client Software. These tunnels will
then be displayed here, with the following information about each tunnel:
Group Name: This will show the name you entered when creating the Client to Gateway tunnel.
Connected Tunnels: This will show the number of users logged in to the Group VPN.
Phase2 Enc/Auth/Grp: This will show the Encryption (DES/3DES), Authentication (MD5/SHA1) and Group
(1/2/5) selected from the IPSec Setup sections of the Gateway to Gateway and Client to Gateway screens.
Local Group: This will show the IP address and Subnet Mask of the Local Group set up.
Remote Client: This column will show the remote client authentication type that is used for this specific
GroupVPN.
Remote Clients Status: Clicking Detail List will display the Group Name, IP address and Connection Time of
this Group VPN.
Tunnel Test: Click the Connect button to verify the tunnel status. The test result will be updated in Status. If
the tunnel is connected, a Disconnect button will be available so you can disconnect the VPN connection.
Config.: This includes options for editing the tunnel, by clicking Edit, or deleting the tunnel, by clicking the
Trash Can.
Figure 5-37: VPN Tab - Summary Detail
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10/100/1000 4-Port VPN Router
VPN Tab - Gateway to Gateway
This screen allows you to create VPN tunnels between VPN routers. You can reach this page by clicking the
Gateway to Gateway tab.
Tunnel No.: This shows the number assigned to this tunnel, from 1~50, depending on how many tunnels you
have already set up.
Tunnel Name: Enter the Tunnel Name, such as LA Office, Branch Site, Corporate Site, etc. This is to allow you to
identify multiple tunnels, and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel.
Enable: Checking this box enables the VPN tunnel you’re creating.
Local Group Setup
The Local Group Setup section configures the local settings for the VPN tunnel you are creating. Remember, all
settings for the Local Group must be exactly the same as those for the Remote Group.
Local Security Gateway Type: There are five types. They are IP Only, IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication, Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication. The type of Local Security Gateway
Type must match the Remote Security Gateway Type of VPN devices in the other end of tunnel. The first three
options are easier to use because the IP Addresses are static and do not change.
IP Only: If you select IP Only, only the specific IP Address set will be able to access the tunnel. The Router’s
WAN IP address (set above) will automatically appear in this field.
Figure 5-38: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway
IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: This selection affords a greater amount of security because each
side of the tunnel must use the same IP Address as well as the same domain name. Only one domain name
can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the Remote
Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication: This selection affords a greater amount of security because
each side of the tunnel must use the same IP Address as well as the same email. Only one email address can
be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the Remote
Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of a domain name. Only one domain
name can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Figure 5-39: VPN tab - Gateway to
Gateway Local Group Setup
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Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr.(USER FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of an email address. Only one email
address can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Local Security Group Type. Select the local LAN user(s) that can use this VPN tunnel. Local Security Group Type
may be a single IP address, a Subnet or an IP address range. The Local Secure Group must match the Remote
Secure Group on the other end of the tunnel. Selecting IP Address allows only one computer, with the specific IP
Address, access to the tunnel. (The default IP is 192.168.1.0.) If you select Subnet, all computers on the local
subnet can access the tunnel. The default IP is 192.168.1.0, and default Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.192. If you
select IP Range, you can specify a range of IP Addresses to access the tunnel. The default IP Range is
192.168.1.0~254.
Remote Group Setup:
The Remote Group Setup section configures the remote settings for the VPN tunnel you are creating. Remember,
all settings for the Remote Group must be exactly the same as those for the Local Group.
Remote Security Gateway Type: There are five types. They are IP Only, IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication, Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication. The type of Remote Security
Gateway Type must match the Local Security Gateway Type of VPN devices in the other end of tunnel. The first
three options are easier to use because the IP Addresses are static and do not change.
Figure 5-40: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway
Remote Group Setup
IP Only: If you select IP Only, only the specific IP Address that you enter will be able to access the tunnel. It's
the IP Address of the remote VPN Router or device which you wish to communicate. The remote VPN device
can be another VPN Router or a VPN Server. If you know the static IP address of remote VPN device, select IP
address from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote VPN device, but the domain
name of remote VPN device is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain name on
the Internet. RV0041 will get the IP address of remote VPN device by DNS Resolved, and IP address of remote
VPN device will be displayed on VPN Status of Summary page.
IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: This selection affords a greater amount of security because each
side of the tunnel must use the same IP Address as well as the same domain name. Only one domain name
can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the Remote
Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel. If you know the static IP address of remote VPN device, select IP
address from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote VPN device, but the domain
name of remote VPN device is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain name on
the Internet. RV0041 will get the IP address of remote VPN device by DNS Resolved, and IP address of remote
VPN device will be displayed on VPN Status of Summary page.
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IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication: This selection affords a greater amount of security because
each side of the tunnel must use the same IP Address as well as the same email. Only one email address can
be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the Remote
Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel. If you know the static IP address of remote VPN device, select IP
address from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote VPN device, but the domain
name of remote VPN device is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain name on
the Internet. RV0041 will get the IP address of remote VPN device by DNS Resolved, and IP address of remote
VPN device will be displayed on VPN Status of Summary page.
Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of a domain name. Only one domain
name can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr.(USER FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of an email address. Only one email
address can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Remote Security Group Type. Select the local LAN user(s) that can use this VPN tunnel. Remote Security Group
Type may be a single IP address, a Subnet or an IP address range. The Remote Secure Group must match the
Local Secure Group on the other end of the tunnel. Selecting IP Address allows only one computer, with the spe-
cific IP Address, access to the tunnel. (The default IP is 192.168.1.0.) If you select Subnet, all computers on the
local subnet can access the tunnel. The default IP is 192.168.1.0, and default Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.192. If
you select IP Range, you can specify a range of IP Addresses to access the tunnel. The default IP Range is
192.168.1.0~254.
IPSec Setup
In order for any encryption to occur, the two ends of the tunnel must agree on the type of encryption and the way
the data will be decrypted. This is done by sharing a “key” to the encryption code. There are two Keying Modes
of key management, Manual and IKE with Preshared Key (automatic).
Manual
If you select Manual, you generate the key yourself, and no key negotiation is needed. Basically, manual key
management is used in small static environments or for troubleshooting purposes. Both sides must use the same
Key Management method.
Figure 5-41: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway
IPSec Setup
Incoming & Outgoing SPI (Security Parameter Index): SPI is carried in the ESP (Encapsulating Security
Payload Protocol) header and enables the receiver and sender to select the SA, under which a packet should be
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processed. The hexadecimal values is acceptable, and the valid range is 100~ffffffff. Each tunnel must have a
unique Inbound SPI and Outbound SPI. No two tunnels share the same SPI. The Incoming SPI here must match the
Outgoing SPI value at the other end of the tunnel, and vice versa
Encryption: There are two methods of encryption, DES and 3DES. The Encryption method determines the length
of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. DES is 56-bit encryption and 3DES is 168-bit encryption. 3DES is
recommended because it is more secure, and both sides must use the same Encryption method.
Authentication: There are two methods of authentication, MD5 and SHA. The Authentication method determines
a method to authenticate the ESP packets. MD5 is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.
SHA is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. SHA is recommended because it is more
secure, and both sides must use the same Authentication method.
Encryption Key: This field specifies a key used to encrypt and decrypt IP traffic, and the Encryption Key is
generated yourself. The hexadecimal value is acceptable in this field. Both sides must use the same Encryption
Key. If DES is selected, the Encryption Key is 16-bit. If users do not fill up to 16-bit, this field will be filled up to
16-bit automatically by 0. If 3DES is selected, the Encryption Key is 48-bit. If users do not fill up to 48-bit, this
field will be filled up to 48-bit automatically by 0.
Authentication Key: This field specifies a key used to authenticate IP traffic and the Authentication Key is
generated yourself. The hexadecimal value is acceptable in this field. Both sides must use the same
Authentication key. If MD5 is selected, the Authentication Key is 32-bit. If users do not fill up to 32-bit, this field
will be filled up to 32-bit automatically by 0. If SHA1 is selected, the Authentication Key is 40-bit. If users do not
fill up to 40-bit, this field will be filled up to 40-bit automatically by 0.
IKE with Preshared Key (automatic)
IKE is an Internet Key Exchange protocol that used to negotiate key material for SA (Security Association). IKE
uses the Pre-shared Key field to authenticate the remote IKE peer.
Phase 1 DH Group: Phase 1 is used to create a security association (SA). DH (Diffie-Hellman) is a key exchange
protocol that used during phase 1 of the authentication process to establish pre-shared keys. There are three
groups of different prime key lengths. Group 1 is 768 bits, Group 2 is 1,024 bits and Group 5 is 1,536 bits. If
network speed is preferred, select Group 1. If network security is preferred, select Group 5.
Phase 1 Encryption: There are two methods of encryption, DES and 3DES. The Encryption method determines
the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. DES is 56-bit encryption and 3DES is 168-bit
encryption. Both sides must use the same Encryption method. 3DES is recommended because it is more secure.
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Phase 1 Authentication: There are two methods of authentication, MD5 and SHA. The Authentication method
determines a method to authenticate the ESP packets. Both sides must use the same Authentication method.
MD5 is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.
SHA is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. SHA is recommended because it is more
secure, and both sides must use the same Authentication method.
Phase 1 SA Life Time: This field allows you to configure the length of time a VPN tunnel is active in Phase 1. The
default value is 28,800 seconds.
Perfect Forward Secrecy: If PFS is enabled, IKE Phase 2 negotiation will generate a new key material for IP
traffic encryption and authentication. If PFS is enabled, a hacker using brute force to break encryption keys is not
able to obtain other or future IPSec keys.
Phase 2 DH Group: There are three groups of different prime key lengths. Group1 is 768 bits, Group2 is 1,024
bits and Group 5 is 1,536 bits. If network speed is preferred, select Group 1. If network security is preferred,
select Group 5. You can choose the different Group with the Phase 1 DH Group you chose. If Perfect Forward
Secrecy is disabled, there is no need to setup the Phase 2 DH Group since no new key generated, and the key of
Phase 2 will be same with the key in Phase 1.
Phase 2 Encryption: Phase 2 is used to create one or more IPSec SAs, which are then used to key IPSec
sessions. There are two methods of encryption, DES and 3DES. The Encryption method determines the length of
the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. DES is 56-bit encryption and 3DES is 168-bit encryption. Both sides
must use the same Encryption method. If users enable the AH Hash Algorithm in Advanced, then it is
recommended to select Null to disable encrypting/decrypting ESP packets in Phase 2, but both sides of the
tunnel must use the same setting.
Phase 2 Authentication: There are two methods of authentication, MD5 and SHA. The Authentication method
determines a method to authenticate the ESP packets. Both sides must use the same Authentication method.
MD5 is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest. If users enable the AH Hash Algorithm in
Advanced, then it is recommended to select Null to disable authenticating ESP packets in Phase 2, but both sides
of the tunnel must use the same setting.
Phase 2 SA Life Time: This field allows you to configure the length of time a VPN tunnel is active. The default
value is 3,600 seconds.
Preshared Key: Use character and hexadecimal values in this field, e.g. “My_@123” or “4d795f40313233.” The
max entry of this field is 30-digit. Both sides must use the same Pre-shared Key. It’s recommended to change
Preshared keys regularly to maximize VPN security.
Click the Save Settings button to save the settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the changes.
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Advanced
For most users, the settings on the VPN page should be satisfactory. This device provides an advanced IPSec
setting page for some special users such as reviewers. Click the Advanced button to link you to that page.
Advanced settings are only for IKE with Preshared Key mode of IPSec.
Aggressive Mode: There are two types of Phase 1 exchanges: Main mode and Aggressive mode.
Figure 5-42: VPN tab - Gateway to Gateway
Advanced
Aggressive Mode requires half of the main mode messages to be exchanged in Phase 1 of the SA exchange. If
network security is preferred, select Main mode. When users select the Dynamic IP in Remote Security Gateway
Type, it will be limited as Aggressive Mode.
Compress (Support IP Payload compression Protocol (IP Comp): The Router supports IP Payload
Compression Protocol. IP Payload Compression is a protocol to reduce the size of IP datagrams. If Compress is
enabled, the Router will propose compression when initiating a connection. If the responders reject this propose,
the Router will not implement the compression. When the Router works as a responder, the Router will always
accept compression even without enabling compression.
Keep-Alive: This mechanism helps to keep up the connection of IPSec tunnels. Whenever a connection is
dropped and detected, it will be re-established immediately.
AH Hash Algorithm: AH (Authentication Header) protocol describe the packet format and the default standards
for packet structure. With the use of AH as the security protocol, protected is extended forward into IP header to
verify the integrity of the entire packet by use of portions of the original IP header in the hashing process. There
are two algorithms, MD5 and SHA1. MD5 produces a 128-bit digest to authenticate packet data and SHA1
produces a 160-bit digest to authenticate packet data. Both sides of the tunnel should use the same algorithm.
NetBIOS broadcast: Check the box to enable NetBIOS traffic to pass through the VPN tunnel. By default, RV0041
blocks these broadcasts.
Click the Save Settings button when you finish the settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the
changes.
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VPN Tab - Client to Gateway
With Tunnel Enabled
This screen allows you to create VPN tunnels from remote PCs (with Linksys VPN Client Software) to VPN routers.
You can reach this page by clicking the Client to Gateway tab or from the Mode Choose screen (figure 5-44).
Tunnel No.: This shows the number assigned to this tunnel, from 1~5, depending on how many tunnels you have
already set up.
Tunnel Name: Enter the Tunnel Name, such as LA Office, Branch Site, Corporate Site, etc. This is to allow you to
identify multiple tunnels, and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel.
Enable: Checking this box enables the VPN tunnel you’re creating.
Local Group Setup
The Local Group Setup section configures the local settings for the VPN tunnel you are creating. Remember, all
settings for the Local Group must be exactly the same as those for the Remote Group.
Local Security Gateway Type: There are five types. They are IP Only, IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication, Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication. The type of Local Security Gateway
Type must match the Remote Security Gateway Type of VPN devices in the other end of tunnel. The first three
options are easier to use because the IP Addresses are static and do not change.
Figure 5-43: VPN tab - Client to Gateway
IP Only: If you select IP Only, only the specific IP Address set will be able to access the tunnel. The Router’s
WAN IP address (set above) will automatically appear in this field.
IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: This selection affords a greater amount of security because each
side of the tunnel must use the same IP Address as well as the same domain name. Only one domain name
can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the Remote
Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication: This selection affords a greater amount of security because
each side of the tunnel must use the same IP Address as well as the same email. Only one email address can
be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the Remote
Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Figure 5-44: VPN tab - Client to Gateway
Local Group Setup
Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of a domain name. Only one domain
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name can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel. If you know the static IP address of remote VPN device,
select IP address from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote VPN device, but the
domain name of remote VPN device is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain
name on the Internet. RV0041 will get the IP address of remote VPN device by DNS Resolved, and IP address
of remote VPN device will be displayed on VPN Status of Summary page.
Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr.(USER FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of an email address. Only one email
address can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel. If you know the static IP address of remote VPN device,
select IP address from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote VPN device, but the
domain name of remote VPN device is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain
name on the Internet. RV0041 will get the IP address of remote VPN device by DNS Resolved, and IP address
of remote VPN device will be displayed on VPN Status of Summary page.
Local Security Group Type. Select the local LAN user(s) that can use this VPN tunnel. Local Security Group Type
may be a single IP address, a Subnet or an IP address range. The Local Secure Group must match the Remote
Secure Group on the other end of the tunnel. Selecting IP Address allows only one computer, with the specific IP
Address, access to the tunnel. (The default IP is 192.168.1.0.) If you select Subnet, all computers on the local
subnet can access the tunnel. The default IP is 192.168.1.0, and default Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.192. If you
select IP Range, you can specify a range of IP Addresses to access the tunnel. The default IP Range is
192.168.1.0~254.
Remote Group Setup:
The Remote Group Setup section configures the remote settings for the VPN tunnel you are creating. Remember,
all settings for the Remote Group must be exactly the same as those for the Local Group.
Figure 5-45: VPN tab - Client to Gateway
Remote Group Setup
Remote Security Gateway Type: There are five types. They are IP Only, IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication, Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN)
Authentication, Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication. The type of Remote Security
Gateway Type must match the Local Security Gateway Type of VPN devices in the other end of tunnel. The first
three options are easier to use because the IP Addresses are static and do not change.
IP Only: If you select IP Only, only the specific IP Address that you enter will be able to access the tunnel. It's
the IP Address of the remote VPN Router or device which you wish to communicate. The remote VPN device
can be another VPN Router or a VPN Server. If you know the static IP address of remote VPN device, select IP
address from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote VPN device, but the domain
name of remote VPN device is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain name on
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the Internet. RV0041 will get the IP address of remote VPN device by DNS Resolved, and IP address of remote
VPN device will be displayed on VPN Status of Summary page.
IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: f you know the static IP address of remote client, select IP address
from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote client, but the domain name of
remote client is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain name on the Internet.
RV082 will get the IP address of remote client by DNS Resolved, and IP address of remote client will be
displayed on VPN Status of Summary page. Then, enter the Domain Name as an ID, it can be not a real domain
name on Internet. The IP and Domain Name ID must be same with the Local setting of the remote client, and
the same IP and Domain Name ID can be only for one tunnel connection.
IP + E-mail Addr. (USER FQDN) Authentication: If you know the static IP address of remote client, select IP
address from drop-down menu. If you don't know the static IP address of remote client, but the domain name
of remote client is known, you can select IP by DNS Resolved, and enter the real domain name on the Internet.
RV082 will get the IP address of remote client by DNS Resolved, and IP address of remote client will be
displayed on VPN Status of Summary page. Then, enter E-mail Address as an ID.
Dynamic IP + Domain Name (FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of a domain name. Only one domain
name can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Dynamic IP + E-mail Addr.(USER FQDN) Authentication: This setting uses a dynamic IP address, which is
constantly changing. In addition, the tunnel is confirmed through use of an email address. Only one email
address can be used for one tunnel and may not be applied to another tunnel.These settings must match the
Remote Group Setup on the other end of the tunnel.
Remote Security Group Type. Select the local LAN user(s) that can use this VPN tunnel. Remote Security Group
Type may be a single IP address, a Subnet or an IP address range. The Remote Secure Group must match the
Local Secure Group on the other end of the tunnel. Selecting IP Address allows only one computer, with the
specific IP Address, access to the tunnel. (The default IP is 192.168.1.0.) If you select Subnet, all computers on
the local subnet can access the tunnel. The default IP is 192.168.1.0, and default Subnet Mask is
255.255.255.192. If you select IP Range, you can specify a range of IP Addresses to access the tunnel. The
default IP Range is 192.168.1.0~254.
With Group VPN enabled:
Further Remote Client Setup options become available when you select GroupVPN. There are three types of
Remote Client: Domain Name (FQDN), E-mail Address (User FQDN), and Microsoft XP/2000 VPN Client.
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Domain Name (FQDN) (Fully Qualified Domain Name): Enter the Domain Name of the Remote Client. When the
Remote Client requests to create a tunnel with the Router, the Router will act as a responder. The Domain Name
must match the local settings of the Remote Client.
E-mail Address (User FQDN): Enter the Email Address of the Remote Client. When the Remote Client requests to
create a tunnel with the Router, the Router will act as a responder. The Email Address must match the local
settings of the Remote Client.
Microsoft XP/2000 VPN Client: This option is used for Dynamic IP users (e.g. PPPoE or DHCP) which using
Microsoft VPN client. The difference between Microsoft and other VPN client is that Microsoft client does not
support Aggressive mode and FQDN/USER FQDN ID options.
IPSec Setup
In order for any encryption to occur, the two ends of the tunnel must agree on the type of encryption and the way
the data will be decrypted. This is done by sharing a “key” to the encryption code. There are two Keying Modes
of key management, Manual and IKE with Preshared Key (automatic). If GroupVPN is enabled, the key
management will be IKE with Preshared Key only.
Manual
If you select Manual, you generate the key yourself, and no key negotiation is needed. Basically, manual key
management is used in small static environments or for troubleshooting purposes. Both sides must use the
same Key Management method.
Figure 5-46: VPN tab - Client to Gateway
IPSec Setup
Incoming & Outgoing SPI (Security Parameter Index): SPI is carried in the ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload
Protocol) header and enables the receiver and sender to select the SA, under which a packet should be
processed. The hexadecimal values is acceptable, and the valid range is 100~ffffffff. Each tunnel must have a
unique Inbound SPI and Outbound SPI. No two tunnels share the same SPI. The Incoming SPI here must match the
Outgoing SPI value at the other end of the tunnel, and vice versa
Encryption: There are two methods of encryption, DES and 3DES. The Encryption method determines the length
of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. DES is 56-bit encryption and 3DES is 168-bit encryption. 3DES is
recommended because it is more secure, and both sides must use the same Encryption method.
Authentication: There are two methods of authentication, MD5 and SHA. The Authentication method determines
a method to authenticate the ESP packets. MD5 is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.
SHA is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. SHA is recommended because it is more
secure, and both sides must use the same Authentication method.
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Encryption Key: This field specifies a key used to encrypt and decrypt IP traffic, and the Encryption Key is
generated yourself. The hexadecimal value is acceptable in this field. Both sides must use the same Encryption
Key. If DES is selected, the Encryption Key is 16-bit. If users do not fill up to 16-bit, this field will be filled up to
16-bit automatically by 0. If 3DES is selected, the Encryption Key is 48-bit. If users do not fill up to 48-bit, this
field will be filled up to 48-bit automatically by 0.
Authentication Key: This field specifies a key used to authenticate IP traffic and the Authentication Key is
generated yourself. The hexadecimal value is acceptable in this field. Both sides must use the same
Authentication key. If MD5 is selected, the Authentication Key is 32-bit. If users do not fill up to 32-bit, this field
will be filled up to 32-bit automatically by 0. If SHA1 is selected, the Authentication Key is 40-bit. If users do not
fill up to 40-bit, this field will be filled up to 40-bit automatically by 0.
IKE with Preshared Key (automatic)
IKE is an Internet Key Exchange protocol that is used to negotiate key material for SA (Security Association). IKE
uses the Pre-shared Key field to authenticate the remote IKE peer.
Phase 1 DH Group: Phase 1 is used to create a security association (SA). DH (Diffie-Hellman) is a key exchange
protocol that is used during phase 1 of the authentication process to establish pre-shared keys. There are three
groups of different prime key lengths. Group 1 is 768 bits, Group 2 is 1,024 bits and Group 5 is 1,536 bits. If
network speed is preferred, select Group 1. If network security is preferred, select Group 5.
Phase 1 Encryption: There are two methods of encryption, DES and 3DES. The Encryption method determines
the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. DES is 56-bit encryption and 3DES is 168-bit
encryption. Both sides must use the same Encryption method. 3DES is recommended because it is more secure.
Phase 1 Authentication: There are two methods of authentication, MD5 and SHA. The Authentication method
determines a method to authenticate the ESP packets. Both sides must use the same Authentication method.
MD5 is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.
SHA is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. SHA is recommended because it is more
secure, and both sides must use the same Authentication method.
Phase 1 SA Life Time: This field allows you to configure the length of time a VPN tunnel is active in Phase 1. The
default value is 28,800 seconds.
Perfect Forward Secrecy: If PFS is enabled, IKE Phase 2 negotiation will generate a new key material for IP
traffic encryption and authentication. If PFS is enabled, a hacker using brute force to break encryption keys is not
able to obtain other or future IPSec keys.
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Phase 2 DH Group: There are three groups of different prime key lengths. Group1 is 768 bits, Group2 is 1,024
bits and Group 5 is 1,536 bits. If network speed is preferred, select Group 1. If network security is preferred,
select Group 5. You can choose the different Group with the Phase 1 DH Group you chose. If Perfect Forward
Secrecy is disabled, there is no need to setup the Phase 2 DH Group since no new key generated, and the key of
Phase 2 will be the same with the key in Phase 1.
Phase 2 Encryption: Phase 2 is used to create one or more IPSec SAs, which are then used to key IPSec
sessions. There are two methods of encryption, DES and 3DES. The Encryption method determines the length of
the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. DES is 56-bit encryption and 3DES is 168-bit encryption. Both sides
must use the same Encryption method. If users enable the AH Hash Algorithm in Advanced, then it is
recommended to select Null to disable encrypting/decrypting ESP packets in Phase 2, but both sides of the
tunnel must use the same setting.
Phase 2 Authentication: There are two methods of authentication, MD5 and SHA. The Authentication method
determines a method to authenticate the ESP packets. Both sides must use the same Authentication method.
MD5 is a one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest. If users enable the AH Hash Algorithm in
Advanced, then it is recommended to select Null to disable authenticating ESP packets in Phase 2, but both sides
of the tunnel must use the same setting.
Phase 2 SA Life Time: This field allows you to configure the length of time a VPN tunnel is active. The default
value is 3,600 seconds.
Preshared Key: Character and hexadecimal values are acceptable in this field, e.g. “My_@123” or
“4d795f40313233.” The max entry of this field is 30-digit. Both sides must use the same Pre-shared Key. It’s
recommended to change Preshared keys regularly to maximize VPN security.
Click the Save Settings button to save the settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the changes.
Advanced
For most users, the settings on the VPN page should be satisfactory. This device provides an advanced IPSec
setting page for some special users such as reviewers. Click the Advanced button to link you to that page.
Advanced settings are only for IKE with Preshared Key mode of IPSec.
Aggressive Mode: There are two types of Phase 1 exchanges: Main mode and Aggressive mode.
Figure 5-47: VPN tab - Client to Gateway Advanced
Aggressive Mode requires half of the main mode messages to be exchanged in Phase 1 of the SA exchange. If
network security is preferred, select Main mode. If network speed is preferred, select Aggressive mode. When
Group VPN is enabled, it will be limited as Aggressive Mode. If you select Dynamic IP in Remote Client Type in
tunnel mode, it will also be limited as Aggressive Mode.
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Compress (Support IP Payload compression Protocol (IP Comp)
The Router supports IP Payload Compression Protocol. IP Payload Compression is a protocol to reduce the size of
IP datagrams. If Compress is enabled, the Router will propose compression when initiating a connection. If the
responders reject this propose, the Router will not implement the compression. When the Router works as a
responder, the Router will always accept compression even without enabling compression.
Keep-Alive: This mechanism helps to keep up the connection of IPSec tunnels. Whenever a connection is
dropped and detected, it will be re-established immediately.
AH Hash Algorithm: AH (Authentication Header) protocol describes the packet format and the default standards
for packet structure. With the use of AH as the security protocol, protected is extended forward into IP header to
verify the integrity of the entire packet by use of portions of the original IP header in the hashing process. There
are two algorithms, MD5 and SHA1. MD5 produces a 128-bit digest to authenticate packet data and SHA1
produces a 160-bit digest to authenticate packet data.
NetBIOS broadcast: Check the box to enable NetBIOS traffic to pass through the VPN tunnel. By default, RV0041
blocks these broadcasts.
Click the Save Settings button when you finish the settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo the
changes.
VPN Tab - VPN Pass Through
IPSec Passthrough: IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a suite of protocols used to implement secure
exchange of packets at the IP layer. To allow IPSec Passthrough, click the Enabled button. To disable IPSec
Passthrough, click the Disabled button.
PPTP Pass Through: PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) Passthrough allows the Point-to-Point (PPP) to be
tunneled through an IP network. To allow PPTP Passthrough, click the Enabled button. To disable PPTP
Passthrough, click the Disabled button.
L2TP Passthrough: Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Passthrough is the method used to enable Point-to-Point
sessions via the Internet on the Layer 2 level. To allow L2TP Passthrough, click the Enabled button. To disable
L2TP Passthrough, click the Disabled button.
Figure 5-48: VPN tab - VPN Pass Through
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Log Tab - System Log
The System Log screen allows to configure the Router’s log, keeping track of the Router’s performance.
Syslog
Enable Syslog: Checking this box enables the Logging feature, called Syslog.
Syslog Server: In addition to the standard event log, the Router can send a detailed log to an external Syslog
server. Syslog is an industry-standard protocol used to capture information about network activity. The Router’s
Syslog captures all log activity and includes every connection source and destination IP address, IP service, and
number of bytes transferred. Enter the Syslog server name or IP address in the Syslog Server field. Click the
Save Settings button and then restart the Router for the change to take effect.
E-mail
Enable E-Mail Alert: Checking this box enables E-Mail Alert, which are emailed log entries and alerts.
Mail Server: If you wish to have any log or alert information E-mailed to you, then you must enter the name or
numerical IP address of your SMTP server. Your Internet Service Provider can provide you with this information.
Figure 5-49: Log tab - System Log
Send E-mail To: This is the E-mail address where the log files will be sent.
Log Queue Length (entries): This instructs the Router how often to email log entries by quantity of entries.
When the number of queues is reached (i.e. the queue length), the log is sent. The default length is 50 entries.
Log Time Threshold (minutes): This instructs the Router how frequently to email log entries by amount of time.
When the time threshold is reached, the log is sent. The default time is 10 minutes.
E-mail Log Now: Clicking the E-mail Log Now button immediately sends the log to the address in the Send
E-mail to field.
Log Setting
Alert Log
You can receive alert logs for any of these events when you check its box on the screen: Syn Flooding, IP
Spoofing, Win Nuke, Ping of Death and Unauthorized Login Attempt.
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General Log
You can receive alert logs for any of these events when you check its box on the screen: System Error Messages,
Deny Policies, Allow Policies, Content Filtering, Data Inspection, Authorized Login, Configuration Changes.
View System Log: Click this button to view all logs: System Log, Access Log, Firewall Log, or VPN Log.
Outgoing Log Table: Click this button to view information about the outgoing logs: LAN IP, Destination URL/IP and
Service/Port number.
Figure 5-50: Log tab - View Log
Incoming Log Table: Click this button to view information about the incoming logs: Source IP and Destination
Port number.
Clear Log Now: This button will clear out your log without e-mailing it. Clicking this button will delete all log
information.
Log Tab - System Statistics
This tab displays the system statistics including the Device Name, Status, IP Address, MAC Address, Subnet
Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS for LAN and WAN.
Figure 5-51: Log tab - System Statistics
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Wizard Tab
Use this tab to access the Router’s two Setup Wizards: the Basic Setup Wizard and the Access Rule Setup Wizard.
They will help you to set up the Router to access the Internet and set up a Firewall security policy, or Access Rule.
Figure 5-52: Wizard tab
Basic Setup
1. Click the Launch Now button to run the Basic Setup Wizard to quickly set up the Router to access the
Internet.
2. From the first screen a WAN interface. Select RJ-45 (10/100) to use the port as a WAN port or select SFP
(MiniGBIC) to use the port for 10/100 networking. Click Next to continue. Click Exit if you want to exit the
wizard.
Figure 5-53: Basic Setup Wizard -
RJ-45 or SFP (MiniGBIC)
3. The information on the next screen is used if your Internet Service Provider (ISP) requires a host and domain
name. Complete this information, if required by your ISP, and click Next to continue. Click Previous if you
want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
Figure 5-54: Basic Setup Wizard -
Host and Domain Name
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4. You will now need to set up the connection types for the WAN ports. These WAN Connection Types were
shown in Figures 5-6 through 5-11, and can be referred back to for help.
If you chose Obtain an IP automatically, select Use DNS Server provided by ISP (default) or Use the
Following DNS Server Addresses, if you want to enter a specific IP. Click Next to continue. Click Previous if
you want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
If you chose Static IP, enter the Static IP, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway provided by your ISP. Click
Next to continue. Click Previous if you want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the
wizard.
If you chose PPPoE, enter the User Name and Password provided by your ISP. Click Next to continue. Click
Previous if you want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
5. At the final screen, click Save Settings if you are satisfied with all of your settings. Click Previous if you
want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
Figure 5-55: Basic Setup Wizard -
Selecting WAN Connection Types
Figure 5-56: Basic Setup Wizard - Save Settings
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Access Rule Setup
You can access this Setup Wizard through the Wizard tab (shown in Figure 5-54) or by clicking the Wizard button
on the Add New Access Rule screen.
1. From the Wizard tab, click the Launch Now button to run the Access Rule Wizard to help you easily set up the
Firewall security policy for the Router.
2. The first screen to appear explains the Access Rules. Click Next to continue. Click Exit if you want to exit the
wizard.
Figure 5-57: Access Rule Wizard -
What is Access Rules
3. From the next screen choose if you’d like to Allow or Deny the action you’ll be choosing for the rule. Click
Next to continue. Click Previous if you want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the
wizard.
Figure 5-58: Access Rule Wizard -
Select the Action
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4. Next select the service from the drop-down menu that will be allowed or denied from the Service menu. Click
Next to continue. Click Previous if you want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the
wizard.
Figure 5-59: Access Rule Wizard -
Select the Service
5. From the next screen, select the Source from the Ethernet drop-down menu. Then, select the users from the
drop-down menu, Any, single, or Range. Click Next to continue. Click Previous if you want to return to the
previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
Figure 5-60: Access Rule Wizard -
Select the Source
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6. Next, choose the destination, either Any, Single, or Range, from the drop-down menu. Click Next to continue.
Click Previous if you want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
Figure 5-61: Access Rule Wizard -
Select the Destination
7. From the next screen, select the scheduling for the rule, Always, if the Rule is always in effect, or
Scheduling, if you want to define a range for a specific time and day of the week. Click Next to continue.
Click Previous if you want to return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
Figure 5-62: Access Rule Wizard - When it Works
8. At the final screen, if you don’t need to make any changes click Save Settings. Click Previous if you want to
return to the previous screen. Click Exit if you want to exit the wizard.
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Support Tab
On Line Manual
Click the On Line Manual button, and it will link to the Support page of the Linksys website. Click the
Downloads button from the Technical Support menu, then select the RV0041 from the drop-down menu, select
your operating system, then click Downloads for this Product. Click User Guide.
Linksys Web Site
Click the Linksys Web Site button, and it will link to the Support page of the Linksys Web Site, www.linksys.com.
Figure 5-63: Support tab
Logout Tab
The Logout tab is located on the upper left corner of the Web Interface. Clicking this tab will terminate the
management session. After you click the Logout tab, you will be asked to confirm that you want to terminate the
session. You will need to re-enter your User Name and Password to log in and continue to manage the Router.
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Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix provides solutions to problems that may occur during the installation and operation of the Router.
Read the descriptions below to help solve your problems. If you can't find an answer here, check the Linksys
Common Problems and Solutions
1. I need to set a static IP address on a PC.
The Router, by default, assigns an IP address range of 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.149 using the DHCP server
on the Router. To set a static IP address, you can only use the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and
192.168.1.150 to 192.168.1.254. Each PC or network device that uses TCP/IP must have a unique address to
identify itself in a network. If the IP address is not unique to a network, Windows will generate an IP conflict
error message. You can assign a static IP address to a PC by performing the following steps:
For Windows 98 and Millennium:
A. Click Start, Setting, and Control Panel. Double-click Network.
B. In The following network components are installed box, select the TCP/IP-> associated with your
Ethernet adapter. If you only have one Ethernet adapter installed, you will only see one TCP/IP line with no
association to an Ethernet adapter. Highlight it and click the Properties button.
C. In the TCP/IP properties window, select the IP address tab, and select Specify an IP address. Enter a
unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the Router. You can
only use an IP address in the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254.
Make sure that each IP address is unique for each PC or network device.
D. Click the Gateway tab, and in the New Gateway prompt, enter 192.168.1.1, which is the default IP
address of the Router. Click the Add button to accept the entry.
E. Click the DNS tab, and make sure the DNS Enabled option is selected. Enter the Host and Domain names
(e.g., John for Host and home for Domain). Enter the DNS entry provided by your ISP. If your ISP has not
provided the DNS IP address, contact your ISP to get that information or go to its website for the
information.
F. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP properties window, and click Close or the OK button for the Network
window.
G. Restart the computer when asked.
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For Windows 2000:
A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.
B. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using, and
select the Properties option.
C. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and
click the Properties button. Select Use the following IP address option.
D. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the Router.
You can only use an IP address in the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to
192.168.1.254.
E. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.
F. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).
G. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enter the
Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its
website to find the information.
H. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, and click the OK button in the
Local Area Connection Properties window.
I. Restart the computer if asked.
For Windows XP:
The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the default interface. If you are using the
Classic interface (where the icons and menus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the
instructions for Windows 2000.
A. Click Start and Control Panel.
B. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the Network Connections icon.
C. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using, and
select the Properties option.
D. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Click the
Properties button.
E. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the Router.
You can only use an IP address in the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to
192.168.1.254.
F. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.
G. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).
H. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enter the
Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its
website to find the information.
I. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click the OK button in the Local
Area Connection Properties window.
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2. I want to test my Internet connection.
A. Check your TCP/IP settings.
For Windows 98 and Millennium:
Refer to Windows Help for details. Make sure Obtain IP address automatically is selected in the settings.
For Windows 2000:
1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.
2. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using,
and select the Properties option.
3. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP),
and click the Properties button. Make sure that Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain
DNS server address automatically are selected.
4. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, and click the OK button in the
Local Area Connection Properties window.
5. Restart the computer if asked.
6. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, and click the OK button in the
Local Area Connection Properties window.
7. Restart the computer if asked.
For Windows XP:
The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the default interface. If you are using the
Classic interface (where the icons and menus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the
instructions for Windows 2000.
1. Click Start and Control Panel.
2. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the Network Connections icon.
3. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using,
and select the Properties option.
4. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click
the Properties button. Make sure that Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server
address automatically are selected.
B. Open a command prompt.
•
For Windows 98 and Millennium, click Start and Run. In the Open field, type command. Press the
Enter key or click the OK button.
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•
For Windows 2000 and XP, click Start and Run. In the Open field, type cmd. Press the Enter key or
click the OK button.
C. In the command prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key.
•
If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Router.
•
If you do NOT get a reply, check the cable, and make sure Obtain an IP address automatically is
selected in the TCP/IP settings for your Ethernet adapter.
D. In the command prompt, type ping followed by your Internet IP address and press the Enter key. The
Internet IP Address can be found in the web interface of the Router. For example, if your Internet IP
address is 1.2.3.4, you would enter ping 1.2.3.4 and press the Enter key.
•
If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Router.
•
If you do NOT get a reply, try the ping command from a different computer to verify that your original
computer is not the cause of the problem.
•
If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Internet. If you cannot open a webpage, try the
ping command from a different computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the
problem.
•
If you do NOT get a reply, there may be a problem with the connection. Try the ping command from a
different computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.
3. I am not getting an IP address on the Internet with my Internet connection.
A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that you have connectivity.
B. If you need to register the MAC address of your Ethernet adapter with your ISP, please see “Appendix B:
Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.” If you need to clone the MAC address
of your Ethernet adapter onto the Router, see the MAC Address Clone section of “Chapter 5: Setting Up
and Configuring the Router” for details.
C. Make sure you are using the right Internet settings. Contact your ISP to see if your Internet connection
type is DHCP, Static IP Address, or PPPoE (commonly used by DSL consumers). Please refer to the Basic
Setup section of “Chapter 5: Setting Up and Configuring the Router” for details on Internet Connection
Type settings.
D. Make sure you use the right cable. Check to see if the Internet LED is solidly lit.
E. Make sure the cable connecting from your cable or DSL modem is connected to the Router’s Internet port.
Verify that the Status page of the Router’s Web-based Utility shows a valid IP address from your ISP.
F. Turn off the computer, Router, and cable/DSL modem. Wait 30 seconds, and then turn on the Router,
cable/DSL modem, and computer. Check the Status tab of the Router’s Web-based Utility to see if you get
an IP address.
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4. I am not able to access the Router’s Web-based Utility Setup page.
A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that your computer is properly
connected to the Router.
B. Refer to “Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter” to verify that
your computer has an IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and DNS.
C. Set a static IP address on your system; refer to “Problem #1: I need to set a static IP address.”
D. Refer to “Problem #10: I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window (for PPPoE
users).”
5. I can’t get my Virtual Private Network (VPN) to work through the Router.
Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router, and go to
the VPN => VPN Pass Through tab. Make sure you have IPsec passthrough and/or PPTP passthrough
enabled.
VPNs that use IPSec with the ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload known as protocol 50) authentication will
work fine. At least one IPSec session will work through the Router; however, simultaneous IPSec sessions
may be possible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs.
VPNs that use IPSec and AH (Authentication Header known as protocol 51) are incompatible with the Router.
AH has limitations due to occasional incompatibility with the NAT standard.
Change the IP address for the Router to another subnet to avoid a conflict between the VPN IP address and
your local IP address. For example, if your VPN server assigns an IP address 192.168.1.X (X is a number from
1 to 254) and your local LAN IP address is 192.168.1.X (X is the same number used in the VPN IP address), the
Router will have difficulties routing information to the right location. If you change the Router’s IP address to
192.168.2.1, that should solve the problem. Change the Router’s IP address through the Basic Setup tab of
the Web-based Utility. If you assigned a static IP address to any computer or network device on the network,
you need to change its IP address accordingly to 192.168.2.Y (Y being any number from 1 to 254). Note that
each IP address must be unique within the network.
Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer that is connecting to the IPSec
server. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications” for
details.
6. I need to set up a server behind my Router.
To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respective port numbers they are using.
For example, port 80 (HTTP) is used for web; port 21 (FTP) is used for FTP, and port 25 (SMTP outgoing) and
port 110 (POP3 incoming) are used for the mail server. You can get more information by viewing the
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documentation provided with the server you installed. Follow these steps to set up port forwarding through
the Router’s Web-based Utility. We will be setting up web, ftp, and mail servers.
A. Access the Router’s Web-based Utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router. Go
to the Setup => Forwarding tab.
B. Select the Service from the pull-down menu. If the Service you need is not listed in the menu, click the
Service Management button to add the new Service Name, and enter the Protocol and Port Range. Click
the Add to List button. Then click the Save Setting button. Click the Exit button.
C. Enter the IP Address of the server that you want the Internet users to access. For example, if the web
server’s Ethernet adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check
“Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter” for details on getting an
IP address. Then check the Enable checkbox for the entry. Consider the examples below:
Application
Web server
Start and End
80 to 80
Protocol
Both
IP Address
Enable
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.101
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.102
X
X
X
X
FTP server
21 to 21
TCP
SMTP (outgoing)
POP3 (incoming)
25 to 25
Both
110 to 110
Both
D. Click the Add to List button, and configure as many entries as you like.
When you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
7. I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications.
If you want to play online games or use Internet applications, most will work without doing any port
forwarding or DMZ hosting. There may be cases when you want to host an online game or Internet
application. This would require you to set up the Router to deliver incoming packets or data to a specific
computer. This also applies to the Internet applications you are using. The best way to get the information on
what port services to use is to go to the website of the online game or application you want to use. Follow
these steps to set up online game hosting or use a certain Internet application:
A. Access the Router’s Web-based Utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router. Go
to the Setup => Forwarding tab.
B. Select the Service from the pull-down menu. If the Service you need is not listed in the menu, click the
Service Management button to add the new Service Name, and enter the Protocol and Port Range. For
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example, if you have a web server, you would enter the range 80 to 80. Click the Add to List button. Then
click the Save Setting button. Click the Exit button.
C. Enter the IP Address of the server that you want the Internet users to access. For example, if the web
server’s Ethernet adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check
“Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter” for details on getting an
IP address. Then check the Enable checkbox for the entry. Consider the examples below:
Application
UT
Start and End
7777 to 27900
27015 to 27015
5631 to 5631
500 to 500
Protocol
Both
IP Address
Enabled
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.105
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.100
X
X
X
X
Halflife
Both
PC Anywhere
VPN IPSEC
UDP
UDP
D. Click the Add to List button, and configure as many entries as you like.
When you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work.
If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or application to function properly, consider
exposing one PC to the Internet using DeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is available when an
application requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services to use. Make sure you
disable all the forwarding entries if you want to successfully use DMZ hosting, since forwarding has priority
over DMZ hosting. (In other words, data that enters the Router will be checked first by the forwarding settings.
If the port number that the data enters from does not have port forwarding, then the Router will send the data
to whichever PC or network device you set for DMZ hosting.) Follow these steps to set DMZ hosting:
A. Access the Router’s Web-based Utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router. Go
to the Setup => Forwarding tab.
B. Disable or remove the entries you have entered for forwarding. To delete an entry, select it and then click
the Delete selected application button. Keep this information in case you want to use it at a later time.
C. Click the DMZ Host tab.
D. Enter the Ethernet adapter’s IP address of the computer you want exposed to the Internet. This will
bypass the NAT security for that computer. Please refer to “Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP
Address for Your Ethernet Adapter” for details on getting an IP address.
Once completed with the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
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9. I forgot my password, or the password prompt always appears when saving settings to the Router.
Reset the Router to factory defaults by pressing the Reset button for ten seconds and then releasing it. If you
are still getting prompted for a password when saving settings, then perform the following steps:
A. Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router. Enter
the default password admin, and click the Setup => Password tab.
B. Enter the old password in the Old Password field.
C. Enter a different password in the New Password field, and enter the new password in the Confirm New
Password field to confirm the password.
D. Click the Save Settings button.
10.I am a PPPoE user, and I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window.
If you have proxy settings, you need to disable these on your computer. Because the Router is the gateway for
the Internet connection, the computer does not need any proxy settings to gain access. Please follow these
directions to verify that you do not have any proxy settings and that the browser you use is set to connect
directly to the LAN.
For Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher:
A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Internet Options.
B. Click the Connections tab.
C. Click the LAN settings button and remove anything that is checked.
D. Click the OK button to go back to the previous screen.
E. Click the option Never dial a connection. This will remove any dial-up pop-ups for PPPoE users.
For Netscape 4.7 or higher:
A. Start Netscape Navigator, and click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxies.
B. Make sure you have Direct connection to the Internet selected on this screen.
C. Close all the windows to finish.
11.To start over, I need to set the Router to factory default.
Hold the Reset button for up to 30 seconds and then release it. This will return the password, forwarding, and
other settings on the Router to the factory default settings. In other words, the Router will revert to its original
factory configuration.
12.I need to upgrade the firmware.
In order to upgrade the firmware with the latest features, you need to go to the Linksys website and download
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Web-based Utility to be automatically redirected to the download webpage. Go to System Management -
Firmware Upgrade, and click the Firmware Download from Linksys Web Site button. Select the Router
from the pull-down menu and choose the firmware from the options.
A. Extract the firmware file on your computer.
B. To upgrade the firmware, follow the steps in the Upgrade section found in “Chapter 5: Setting Up and
Configuring the Router” or “Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware.”
13.The firmware upgrade failed.
The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps to upgrade the firmware:
C. Set a static IP address on the PC; refer to “Problem #1, I need to set a static IP address.” Use the following
IP address settings for the computer you are using:
IP Address: 192.168.1.50
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
D. Perform the upgrade using the Router’s Web-based Utility through its System Management => Firmware
Upgrade tab.
If the firmware upgrade failed, the Router will still work using its current firmware.
If you want to use a backup firmware version, go to System Management => Restart. Select Backup
Firmware Version. Click the Restart Router button to restart the Router.
14.My DSL service’s PPPoE is always disconnecting.
PPPoE is not actually a dedicated or always-on connection. The DSL ISP can disconnect the service after a
period of inactivity, just like a normal phone dial-up connection to the Internet. There is a setup option to
“keep alive” the connection. This may not always work, so you may need to re-establish connection
periodically.
A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the
Router.
B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)
C. On the Basic Setup tab, select the option Keep Alive, and set the Redial Period option at 20 (seconds).
D. Click the Save Settings button.
E. Click the Status tab, and click the Connect button.
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F. You may see the login status display as Connecting. Press the F5 key to refresh the screen, until you see
the login status display as Connected.
If the connection is lost again, follow steps E and F to re-establish connection.
15.I can't access my email, web, or VPN, or I am getting corrupted data from the Internet.
The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting may need to be adjusted. By default, the MTU is set at 1500.
For most DSL users, it is strongly recommended to use MTU 1492. If you are having some difficulties,
perform the following steps:
A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the
Router.
B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)
C. Go to Firewall => General tab.
D. Look for the MTU option, and select Enable. In the Size field, enter 1492.
E. Click the Save Settings button to continue.
If your difficulties continue, change the Size to different values. Try this list of values, one value at a time, in
this order, until your problem is solved:
1462
1400
1362
1300
16.I need to use port triggering.
Port triggering looks at the outgoing port services used and will trigger the Router to open a specific port,
depending on which port an Internet application uses. Follow these steps:
A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the
Router.
B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)
C. Click the Setup => Forwarding tab.
D. Enter any name you want to use for the Application Name.
E. Enter the Start and End Ports of the Triggered Port Range. Check with your Internet application provider
for more information on which outgoing port services it is using.
F. Enter the Start and End Ports of the Forwarded Port Range. Check with your Internet application provider
for more information on which incoming port services are required by the Internet application.
Once completed with the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
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17.When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a time-out error or am prompted to retry.
• Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your workstation’s IP settings are correct (IP Address,
Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS). Restart the computer that is having a problem.
• If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check the Router. Ensure that it is connected and
powered on. Connect to it and check its settings. (If you cannot connect to it, check the LAN and power
connections.)
• If the Router is configured correctly, check your Internet connection (DSL/cable modem, etc.) to see if it is
working correctly. You can remove the Router to verify a direct connection.
• Manually configure the TCP/IP with a DNS address provided by your ISP.
• Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet
Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is
set to Never dial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy.
Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to the Internet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the maximum number of IP addresses that the Router will support?
The Router will support up to 253 IP addresses.
Is IPSec Passthrough supported by the Router?
Yes, enable or disable IPSec Passthrough on the VPN => VPN Pass Through tab.
Where is the Router installed on the network?
In a typical environment, the Router is installed between the cable/DSL modem and the LAN. Plug the Router into
the cable/DSL modem’s Ethernet port.
Does the Router support IPX or AppleTalk?
No. TCP/IP is the only protocol standard for the Internet and has become the global standard for communications.
IPX, a NetWare communications protocol used only to route messages from one node to another, and AppleTalk, a
communications protocol used on Apple and Macintosh networks, can be used for LAN to LAN connections, but
those protocols cannot connect from the Internet to the LAN.
What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for?
Network Address Translation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the private LAN to one public address that
is sent out to the Internet. This adds a level of security since the address of a PC connected to the private LAN is
never transmitted on the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Router to be used with low cost Internet accounts,
such as DSL or cable modems, when only one TCP/IP address is provided by the ISP. The user may have many
private addresses behind this single address provided by the ISP.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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Does the Router support any operating system other than Windows 98, Millennium, 2000, or XP?
Yes, but Linksys does not, at this time, provide technical support for setup, configuration or troubleshooting of
any non-Windows operating systems.
Does the Router support ICQ send file?
Yes, with the following fix: click ICQ menu => preference => connections tab=>, and check I am behind a
firewall or proxy. Then set the firewall time-out to 80 seconds in the firewall setting. The Internet user can then
send a file to a user behind the Router.
I set up an Unreal Tournament Server, but others on the LAN cannot join. What do I need to do?
If you have a dedicated Unreal Tournament server running, you need to create a static IP for each of the LAN
computers and forward ports 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, and 27900 to the IP address of the server. You can
also use a port forwarding range of 7777 to 27900. If you want to use the UT Server Admin, forward another port
(8080 usually works well but is used for remote admin. You may have to disable this.), and then in the
[UWeb.WebServer] section of the server.ini file, set the ListenPort to 8080 (to match the mapped port above) and
ServerName to the IP assigned to the Router from your ISP.
Can multiple gamers on the LAN get on one game server and play simultaneously with just one public IP
address?
It depends on which network game or what kind of game server you are using. For example, Unreal Tournament
supports multi-login with one public IP.
How do I get Half-Life: Team Fortress to work with the Router?
The default client port for Half-Life is 27005. The computers on your LAN need to have “+clientport 2700x”
added to the HL shortcut command line; the x would be 6, 7, 8, and on up. This lets multiple computers connect
to the same server. One problem: Version 1.0.1.6 won’t let multiple computers with the same CD key connect at
the same time, even if on the same LAN (not a problem with 1.0.1.3). As far as hosting games, the HL server does
not need to be in the DMZ. Just forward port 27015 to the local IP address of the server computer.
How can I block corrupted FTP downloads?
If you are experiencing corrupted files when you download a file with your FTP client, try using another FTP
program.
The web page hangs; downloads are corrupt, or nothing but junk characters are being displayed on the
screen. What do I need to do?
Force your Ethernet adapter to 10Mbps or half duplex mode, and turn off the “Auto-negotiate” feature of your
Ethernet adapter as a temporary measure. (Please look at the Network Control Panel in your Ethernet adapter’s
Advanced Properties tab.) Make sure that your proxy setting is disabled in the browser. Check our website at
www.linksys.com for more information.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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If all else fails in the installation, what can I do?
Reset the Router by holding down the Reset button for ten seconds. Reset your cable or DSL modem by powering
the unit off and then on. Obtain and flash the latest firmware release that is readily available on the Linksys
How can I be notified of new Router firmware upgrades?
All Linksys firmware upgrades are posted on the Linksys website at www.linksys.com, where they can be
downloaded for free. The Router’s firmware can be upgraded using the Web-based Utility. If the Router’s Internet
connection is working well, there is no need to download a newer firmware version, unless that version contains
new features that you would like to use. Downloading a more current version of Router firmware will not
enhance the quality or speed of your Internet connection, and may disrupt your current connection stability.
Will the Router function in a Macintosh environment?
Yes, but the Router’s setup pages are accessible only through Internet Explorer 5.0 or Netscape Navigator 5.0 or
higher for Macintosh.
I am not able to get the web configuration screen for the Router. What can I do?
You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g., Netscape Navigator or Internet
Explorer. Or remove the dial-up settings on your browser. Check with your browser documentation, and make
sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. Make sure that your browser is
set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and
then the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Never dial a connection. For Netscape
Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct
connection to the Internet.
What is DMZ Hosting?
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows one IP address (computer) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications
require multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. It is recommended that you set your computer with a static IP if you
want to use DMZ Hosting. To get the LAN IP address, see “Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address
for Your Ethernet Adapter.”
If DMZ Hosting is used, does the exposed user share the public IP with the Router?
No.
Does the Router pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions?
The Router allows PPTP packets to pass through.
Is the Router cross-platform compatible?
Any platform that supports Ethernet and TCP/IP is compatible with the Router.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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How many ports can be simultaneously forwarded?
Theoretically, the Router can establish 4,000 sessions at the same time, but you can only forward 30 ranges of
ports.
Does the Router replace a modem? Is there a cable or DSL modem in the Router?
No, this version of the Router must work in conjunction with a cable or DSL modem.
Which modems are compatible with the Router?
The Router is compatible with virtually any cable or DSL modem that supports Ethernet.
What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Router?
The maximum number depends on many factors. At least one IPSec session will work through the Router;
however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may be possible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs.
How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP addresses?
Ask your ISP to find out.
How do I get mIRC to work with the Router?
Under the Setup => Forwarding tab, set port forwarding to 113 for the PC on which you are using mIRC.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your
Ethernet Adapter
This section describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethernet adapter so you can use the MAC
address cloning feature of the Router. You can also find the IP address of your computer’s Ethernet adapter. This
IP address is used for the Router’s filtering, forwarding, and/or DMZ features. Follow the steps in this appendix to
find the adapter’s MAC or IP address in Windows 98, Me, 2000, or XP.
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter winipcfg. Then press the Enter key or the OK button.
2. When the IP Configuration screen appears, select the Ethernet adapter you have connected to the Router via a
CAT 5 Ethernet network cable.
3. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen. This is the MAC address for your
Ethernet adapter and is shown as a series of numbers and letters.
Figure B-1: IP Configuration Screen
The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC address cloning or MAC filtering.
The example in Figure C-2 shows the Ethernet adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Your computer may
show something different.
Note: The MAC address is also called the Adapter Address.
Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
Figure B-2: MAC Address/Adapter
Address
1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.
2. At the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.
Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
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3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen; it is the MAC address for your Ethernet
adapter. This appears as a series of numbers and letters.
The MAC address/Physical Address is what you will use for MAC address cloning or MAC filtering.
Note: The MAC address is also called the Physical Address.
The example in Figure C-3 shows the Ethernet adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Your computer may
show something different.
Figure B-3: MAC Address/Physical Address
For the Router’s Web-based Utility
For MAC address cloning, enter the MAC Address in the User Defined WAN MAC Address field or select MAC
Address from this PC.
Click Save Settings to save the MAC Cloning settings or click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Appendix B: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter
For the Router’s Web-based Utility
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Appendix C: Physical Setup of the Router
This section describes the physical setup of the Router, including the installation of the mounting brackets.
Setting up the Router
You can set the Router on a desktop, install it in a rack with attached brackets, or mount it on the wall.
Placement of the Router
Set the Router on a desktop or other flat, secure surface. Do not place excessive weight on top of the Router that
could damage the Router.
Rack-Mounting the Router
The Router comes with two brackets and eight screws for mounting on a 19-inch rack.
Figure C-1: Mounting Brackets
Appendix C: Physical Setup of the Router
Setting up the Router
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Line up the bracket holes with the holes in the Router and attach with the screws, using four on each side of the
Router. After the brackets are attached to the Router by screws, you can rack-mount it. Attach the Router to the
rack with two screws on each side.
Figure C-2: Attaching the Brackets to the Router and Rack-Mounting the Router
Appendix C: Physical Setup of the Router
Setting up the Router
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Wall-Mounting the Router
The Router has two holes on the bottom for wall-mounting. The horizontal distant between the two holes is 3.701
in (94mm). Install two screws or nails into the wall, 3.701 in (94 mm) apart. After the nails are secured on the
wall, line up the Router’s holes with the screws on the wall to wall-mount it. The suggested mounting hardware is
shown in Figure D-4.
Figure C-3: Wall-Mounting the Router
Appendix C: Physical Setup of the Router
Setting up the Router
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Figure C-4: Wall-Mounting Hardware
Appendix C: Physical Setup of the Router
Setting up the Router
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Appendix D: Battery Replacement
This section instructs the user on battery replacement.
Replacing a Lithium Battery
The Router has a lithium battery, number CR2032, on its main circuit board. This battery has an operating life of
about 1~2 years. When the battery loses its charge, the Router cannot update the correct time except when
connected to the NTP Server.
WARNING: The lithium battery can explode if replaced
incorrectly. It must be replaced with an equivalent CR2032
lithium battery. Do not replace this battery yourself. Contact
Linksys Technical Support.
Do not attempt to replace this battery yourself. You must call Linksys Technical Support to replace the battery.
Danger of explosion exists if the lithium battery is incorrectly replaced. The battery can only be replaced with the
same or equivalent type of CR2032 lithium battery.
Appendix D: Battery Replacement
Replacing a Lithium Battery
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Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware
You can use the Router’s Web-based Utility to upgrade the firmware; however, if you do so, you may lose the
settings you have configured on the Router.
To upgrade the Router’s firmware, follow these instructions:
1. Download the Router’s firmware upgrade file from the Linksys website, www.linksys.com or click the
Firmware Download from Linksys Web Site button. Select the Router from the pull-down menu and
choose the firmware from the options.
2. Extract the file on your computer.
3. Click the System Management Tab and then the Firmware Upgrade page.
4. On the Firmware Upgrade screen, enter the location of the extracted firmware upgrade file, or click the
Browse button to find this file.
5. Click the Firmware Upgrade Right Now button, and follow the on-screen instructions.
Figure E-1: Upgrade Firmware
Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware
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Appendix F: Windows Help
All Linksys networking products require Microsoft Windows. Windows is the most used operating system in the
world and comes with many features that help make networking easier. These features can be accessed through
Windows Help and are described in this appendix.
TCP/IP
Before a computer can communicate with the Router, TCP/IP must be enabled. TCP/IP is a set of instructions, or
protocol, all PCs follow to communicate over a wired or wireless network. Your PCs will not be able to utilize
networking without having TCP/IP enabled. Windows Help provides complete instructions on enabling TCP/IP.
Shared Resources
If you wish to share printers, folders, or files over your network, Windows Help provides complete instructions on
utilizing shared resources.
Network Neighborhood/My Network Places
Other PCs on your network will appear under Network Neighborhood or My Network Places (depending upon the
version of Windows you're running). Windows Help provides complete instructions on adding PCs to your
network.
Appendix F: Windows Help
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Appendix G: Glossary
Adapter - A device that adds network functionality to your PC.
Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given device or network.
Bit - A binary digit.
Boot - To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.
Broadband - An always-on, fast Internet connection.
Browser - An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the
World Wide Web.
Cable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turn connects to the
Internet.
DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) - The capability of having a website, FTP, or e-mail server-with a dynamic
IP address-use a fixed domain name.
Default Gateway - A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A protocol that lets one device on a local network, known as a
DHCP server, assign temporary IP addresses to the other network devices, typically computers.
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) - Removes the Router's firewall protection from one PC, allowing it to be “seen” from
the Internet.
DNS (Domain Name Server) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP
addresses.
Domain - A specific name for a network of computers.
Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.
Dynamic IP Address - A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
Appendix G: Glossary
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Encryption - Encoding data to prevent it from being read by unauthorized people.
Ethernet - A network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission
medium.
Firewall - Security measures that protect the resources of a local network from intruders.
Firmware - 1. In network devices, the programming that runs the device. 2. Programming loaded into read-only
memory (ROM) or programmable read-only memory (PROM) that cannot be altered by end-users.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A standard protocol for sending files between computers over a TCP/IP network and
the Internet.
Full Duplex - The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
Gateway - A system that interconnects networks.
Half Duplex - Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a
time.
Hardware - The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.
HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World
Wide Web.
IP (Internet Protocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
IP Address - The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
IPCONFIG - A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.
ISP (Internet Service Provider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.
LAN (Local Area Network) - The computers and networking products that make up the network in your home or
office.
MAC (Media Access Control) Address - The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking
device.
Multicasting - Sending data to a group of destinations at once.
Appendix G: Glossary
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NAT (Network Address Translation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different
IP address for the Internet.
Network - A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or
transmission between users.
Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
Packet - A unit of data sent over a network.
Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - A standard protocol used to retrieve e-mail stored on a mail server.
Port - 1. The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in a cable or an adapter. 2.
The virtual connection point through which a computer uses a specific application on a server.
PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication
(username and password) in addition to data transport.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be
tunneled through an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.
Router - A networking device that connects multiple networks together, such as a local network and the Internet.
Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications,
and other services.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a
“program”.
Static IP Address - A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask - An address code that determines the size of the network.
Appendix G: Glossary
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Switch - 1. Device that is the central point of connection for computers and other devices in a network, so data
can be shared at full transmission speeds. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an
electrical circuit.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires
acknowledgement from the recipient of data sent.
Telnet - A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that uses UDP and has no directory or
password capability.
Topology - The physical layout of a network.
TX Rate - Transmission Rate.
Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Upload - To transmit a file over a network.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address of a file located on the Internet.
VPN (Virtual Private Network) - A security measure to protect data as it leaves one network and goes to another
over the Internet.
WAN (Wide Area Network) - The Internet.
WINIPCFG - A Windows 98 and Millennium utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
Appendix G: Glossary
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Appendix H: Specifications
Standards
IEEE 802.3, 802.3u
Ports
4 10/100/100 Gigabit Ports, 1 10/100 RJ-45 Internet Port,
1 SFP Port
Button
Reset
Cabling Type
LEDs
Ethernet Category 5
System, Internet, SFP, Diag, 1-4
UPnP able/cert
Security Features
Yes
SPI Firewall, DES and 3DES Encryption for IPSec VPN Tunnel
Dimensions
(W x H x D)
11" x 1.75" x 9.50"
(279.4 mm x 44.45 mm x 241.3 mm)
Unit Weight
52 oz. (1.47 kg)
Power
Input: AC100~240V, 0.8A; Output: DC 3.3A/5A
FCC Class B, CE Class B
Certifications
Operating Temp.
Storage Temp.
Operating Humidity
Storage Humidity
0ºC to 40ºC (32ºF to 104ºF)
0ºC to 70ºC (32ºF to 158ºF)
10% to 85% Non-Condensing
5% to 90% Non-Condensing
Appendix H: Specifications
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Appendix I: Warranty Information
LIMITED WARRANTY
Linksys warrants to the original end user purchaser (“You”) that, for a period of one year, (the “Warranty Period”) Your
Linksys product will be free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. Your exclusive remedy and
Linksys's entire liability under this warranty will be for Linksys at its option to repair or replace the product or refund Your
purchase price less any rebates.
If the product proves defective during the Warranty Period call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a Return
Authorization Number. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HAND WHEN CALLING. When returning a product,
mark the Return Authorization Number clearly on the outside of the package and include a copy of your original proof of
purchase. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. You are responsible for shipping
defective products to Linksys. Linksys pays for UPS Ground shipping from Linksys back to You only. Customers located
outside of the United States of America and Canada are responsible for all shipping and handling charges.
ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE LIMITED
TO THE DURATION OF THE WARRANTY PERIOD. ALL OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED. Some jurisdictions do not
allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to You. This warranty gives
You specific legal rights, and You may also have other rights which vary by jurisdiction.
TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LINKSYS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST DATA, REVENUE OR PROFIT,
OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED REGARDLESS OF
THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, EVEN IF
LINKSYS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILL LINKSYS' LIABILITY EXCEED THE
AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT.
The foregoing limitations will apply even if any warranty or remedy provided under this Section fails of its essential
purpose. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above
limitation or exclusion may not apply to You.
Please direct all inquiries to: Linksys, P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623 USA.
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Appendix J: Regulatory Information
FCC STATEMENT
This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15
of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on,
the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
Increase the separation between the equipment or devices
Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver's
Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
INDUSTRY CANADA (CANADA)
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (EUROPE)
In compliance with the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC, Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, and Amendment Directive
93/68/EEC, this product meets the requirements of the following standards:
•
•
EN55022 Emission
EN55024 Immunity
Appendix J: Regulatory Information
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Appendix K: Contact Information
Need to contact Linksys?
Visit us online for information on the latest products and updates
to your existing products at:
ftp.linksys.com
Can't find information about a product you want to buy
on the web? Do you want to know more about networking
with Linksys products? Give our advice line a call at:
Or fax your request in to:
800-546-5797 (LINKSYS)
949-261-8868
If you experience problems with any Linksys product,
you can call us at:
800-326-7114
Don't wish to call? You can e-mail us at:
If any Linksys product proves defective during its warranty period,
you can call the Linksys Return Merchandise Authorization
department for obtaining a Return Authorization Number at:
(Details on Warranty and RMA issues can be found in the Warranty
Information section in this Guide.)
949-261-1288
Appendix K: Contact Information
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