LevelOne
GSW-2476
24-Port Gigabit w/ 4-Port SFP
Web Smart Switch
User Manual
Version 1.0-0608
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COMPLIANCES
FCC - Class A
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is
likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the
interference at his own expense.
You are cautioned that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void your authority to operate the equipment.
You may use unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) for RJ-45 connections - Category 3 or better for
10 Mbps connections, Category 5 or better for 100 Mbps connections, Category 5, 5e, or 6
for 1000 Mbps connections. For fiber optic connections, you may use 50/125 or 62.5/125
micron multimode fiber or 9/125 micron single-mode fiber.
iii
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COMPLIANCES
CE Mark Declaration of Conformance for EMI and
Safety (EEC)
This information technology equipment complies with the requirements of the Council
Directive 89/336/EEC on the Approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
Electromagnetic Compatibility and 73/23/EEC for electrical equipment used within certain
voltage limits and the Amendment Directive 93/68/EEC. For the evaluation of the
compliance with these Directives, the following standards were applied:
RFI Emission:
Immunity:
•
•
Limit class A according to EN 55022:1998
Limit class A for harmonic current emission according to
EN 61000-3-2/1995
•
Limitation of voltage fluctuation and flicker in low-voltage supply
system according to EN 61000-3-3/1995
•
•
Product family standard according to EN 55024:1998
Electrostatic Discharge according to EN 61000-4-2:1995
(Contact Discharge: ±4 kV, Air Discharge: ±8 kV)
•
•
•
•
Radio-frequency electromagnetic field according to EN 61000-4-3:1996
(80 - 1000 MHz with 1 kHz AM 80% Modulation: 3 V/m)
Electrical fast transient/burst according to EN 61000-4-4:1995 (AC/
DC power supply: ±1 kV, Data/Signal lines: ±0.5 kV)
Surge immunity test according to EN 61000-4-5:1995
(AC/DC Line to Line: ±1 kV, AC/DC Line to Earth: ±2 kV)
Immunity to conducted disturbances, Induced by radio-frequency
fields: EN 61000-4-6:1996 (0.15 - 80 MHz with
1 kHz AM 80% Modulation: 3 V/m)
•
•
Power frequency magnetic field immunity test according to
EN 61000-4-8:1993 (1 A/m at frequency 50 Hz)
Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity test
according to EN 61000-4-11:1994 (>95% Reduction @10 ms, 30%
Reduction @500 ms, >95% Reduction @5000 ms)
LVD:
•
EN 60950-1:2001
Warning: Do not plug a phone jack connector in the RJ-45 port. This may damage this device.
iv
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COMPLIANCES
Safety Compliance
Warning: Fiber Optic Port Safety
When using a fiber optic port, never look at the transmit laser while
it is powered on. Also, never look directly at the fiber TX port and
fiber cable ends when they are powered on.
CLASS I
LASER DEVICE
Avertissment: Ports pour fibres optiques - sécurité sur le plan optique
Ne regardez jamais le laser tant qu’il est sous tension. Ne regardez
jamais directement le port TX (Transmission) à fibres optiques et les
embouts de câbles à fibres optiques tant qu’ils sont sous tension.
DISPOSITIF LASER
DE CLASSE I
Warnhinweis: Faseroptikanschlüsse - Optische Sicherheit
Niemals ein Übertragungslaser betrachten, während dieses
eingeschaltet ist. Niemals direkt auf den Faser-TX-Anschluß und auf
LASERGERÄT
DER KLASSE I
die Faserkabelenden schauen, während diese eingeschaltet sind.
Power Cord Safety
Please read the following safety information carefully before installing this switch:
Warning: Installation and removal of the unit must be carried out by qualified personnel only.
•
•
•
•
•
The unit must be connected to an earthed (grounded) outlet to comply with international
safety standards.
Do not connect the unit to an A.C. outlet (power supply) without an earth (ground)
connection.
The appliance coupler (the connector to the unit and not the wall plug) must have a
configuration for mating with an EN 60320/IEC 320 appliance inlet.
The socket outlet must be near to the unit and easily accessible. You can only remove power
from the unit by disconnecting the power cord from the outlet.
This unit operates under SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) conditions according to
IEC 60950. The conditions are only maintained if the equipment to which it is connected
also operates under SELV conditions.
v
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COMPLIANCES
Important! Before making connections, make sure you have the correct cord set. Check it
(read the label on the cable) against the following:
Power Cord Set
U.S.A. and Canada
The cord set must be UL-approved and CSA certified.
The minimum specifications for the flexible cord are:
- No. 18 AWG - not longer than 2 meters, or 16 AWG.
- Type SV or SJ
- 3-conductor
The cord set must have a rated current capacity of at least 10 A
The attachment plug must be an earth-grounding type with NEMA
5-15P (15 A, 125 V) or NEMA 6-15P (15 A, 250 V) configuration.
Denmark
The supply plug must comply with Section 107-2-D1, Standard
DK2-1a or DK2-5a.
Switzerland
U.K.
The supply plug must comply with SEV/ASE 1011.
The supply plug must comply with BS1363 (3-pin 13 A) and be
fitted with a 5 A fuse which complies with BS1362.
The mains cord must be <HAR> or <BASEC> marked and be of
type HO3VVF3GO.75 (minimum).
Europe
The supply plug must comply with CEE7/7 (“SCHUKO”).
The mains cord must be <HAR> or <BASEC> marked and be of
type HO3VVF3GO.75 (minimum).
IEC-320 receptacle.
vi
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COMPLIANCES
Warnings and Cautionary Messages
Warning:
Warning:
This product does not contain any serviceable user parts.
Installation and removal of the unit must be carried out by qualified personnel
only.
Warning:
Warning:
When connecting this device to a power outlet, connect the field ground lead
on the tri-pole power plug to a valid earth ground line to prevent electrical
hazards.
This switch uses lasers to transmit signals over fiber optic cable. The lasers are
compliant with the requirements of a Class 1 Laser Product and are inherently
eye safe in normal operation. However, you should never look directly at a
transmit port when it is powered on.
Caution:
Caution:
Wear an anti-static wrist strap or take other suitable measures to prevent
electrostatic discharge when handling this equipment.
Do not plug a phone jack connector in the RJ-45 port. This may damage this
device. Les raccordeurs ne sont pas utilisé pour le système téléphonique!
Caution:
Use only twisted-pair cables with RJ-45 connectors that conform to FCC
standards.
Environmental Statement
The manufacturer of this product endeavours to sustain an environmentally-friendly policy
throughout the entire production process. This is achieved though the following means:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adherence to national legislation and regulations on environmental production standards.
Conservation of operational resources.
Waste reduction and safe disposal of all harmful un-recyclable by-products.
Recycling of all reusable waste content.
Design of products to maximize recyclables at the end of the product’s life span.
Continual monitoring of safety standards.
End of Product Life Span
This product is manufactured in such a way as to allow for the recovery and disposal of all
included electrical components once the product has reached the end of its life.
Manufacturing Materials
There are no hazardous nor ozone-depleting materials in this product.
Documentation
All printed documentation for this product uses biodegradable paper that originates from
sustained and managed forests. The inks used in the printing process are non-toxic.
vii
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COMPLIANCES
Purpose
This guide details the hardware features of this switch, including Its physical and
performance-related characteristics, and how to install the switch.
Audience
This guide is for system administrators with a working knowledge of network management.
You should be familiar with switching and networking concepts.
Related Publications
As part of the switch firmware, there is an online web-based help that describes all
management related features.
viii
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1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Network Management Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Description of Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
SFP Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Features and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
2
3
Introduction to Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Installing the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Selecting a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Ethernet Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Equipment Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Package Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Optional Rack-Mounting Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Rack Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Desktop or Shelf Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Installing an SFP Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Connecting to a Power Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Twisted-Pair Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Fiber Optic SFP Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Connectivity Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
5
Using the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Web Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Configuring the Logon Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Static MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Counter Config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Storm Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Port Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Cable Diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Trunks Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Trunk Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
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QOS Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
A
B
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
In-Band Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Reset the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Cable Testing for Existing Category 5 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
Fiber Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
C
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Switch Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
Management Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
Compliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
Glossary
Index
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table 1-1 Port Status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Table 4-2 Maximum 1000BASE-SX Fiber Optic Cable Length . . . . . . . 4-6
Table 4-3 Maximum 1000BASE-LX Fiber Optic Cable Length . . . . . . . 4-7
Table 4-4 Maximum 1000BASE-ZX Fiber Optic Cable Length . . . . . . 4-7
Table 4-5 Maximum Fast Ethernet Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Table 4-6 Maximum Ethernet Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Table 5-1 Web Page Configuration Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Table 5-2 Switch Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Table 5-3 Port Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Table A-1 Troubleshooting Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
Table B-1 10/100BASE-TX MDI and MDI-X Port Pinouts . . . . . . . . . B-2
Table B-2 1000BASE-T MDI and MDI-X Port Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
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Figure 5-5 System Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Figure 5-9 Upgrade Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Figure 5-10 Restart Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Figure 5-11 Set boot Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Figure 5-12 Restart Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Figure 5-13 Static MAC Address Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Figure 5-14 Counter Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Figure 5-15 Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Figure 5-16 Port Broadcast Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Figure 5-17 Port Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Figure 5-18 Cable Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
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FIGURES
Figure 5-23 802.1Q VLAN Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Figure 5-24 QoS Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Figure 5-25 Management Access Filter Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Figure 5-26 IGMP Snooping Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Figure 5-27 IGMP Snoop Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Figure B-1 RJ-45 Connector Pin Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Figure B-2 Straight-through Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Figure B-3 Crossover Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
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FIGURES
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CHAPTER
1
ABOUT GSW-2476
Overview
LevelOne GSW-2476 is an intelligent Layer 2 switch with 24 10/100/
*
1000BASE-T ports, four of which are combination ports that are shared
with four SFP transceiver slots (see Figure 1-1, Ports 21-24).
Port Status Indicators
10/100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ports
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
22
11
23
12
24
level
o n e
GSW-2476 24-Port Gigabit w/4-Port SFP Web Smart witch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
1000
Shared SFP Port
Link/Act
1000
Link/Act
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Power
21
22
23
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2
1000BASE-T/SFP Ports
Figure 1-1 Front Panel
Figure 1-2 Rear Panel
100-40V
50-608A
Power Socket
*
If an SFP transceiver is plugged in, the corresponding RJ-45 port is disabled for ports 21-24.
1-1
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ABOUT GSW-2476
Switch Architecture
The switch employs a wire-speed, non-blocking switching fabric. This
permits simultaneous wire-speed transport of multiple packets at low
latency on all ports. The switch also features full-duplex capability on all
ports, which effectively doubles the bandwidth of each connection.
The switch uses store-and-forward switching to ensure maximum data
integrity. With store-and-forward switching, the entire packet must be
received into a buffer and checked for validity before being forwarded.
This prevents errors from being propagated throughout the network.
Network Management Options
The switch contains a comprehensive array of LEDs for “at-a-glance”
monitoring of network and port status. They also include a management
agent that allows you to configure or monitor the switch using its
embedded management software.
1-2
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Description of Hardware
10/100/1000BASE-T Ports
The switch contains 24 RJ-45 ports that operate at 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps,
half or full duplex, or at 1000 Mbps, full duplex. Because all ports on the
switch support automatic MDI/MDI-X operation, you can use
straight-through cables for all network connections to PCs or servers, or to
other switches or hubs. (See “1000BASE-T Pin Assignments” on page
B-5.)
Each of these ports support auto-negotiation, so the optimum
transmission mode (half or full duplex), and data rate (10, 100, or
1000 Mbps) can be selected automatically. If a device connected to one of
these ports does not support auto-negotiation, the communication mode
of that port can be configured manually.
SFP Slots
The Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceiver slots are shared with
four of the RJ-45 ports (ports 21-24). In its default configuration, if an SFP
transceiver (purchased separately) is installed in a slot and has a valid link
on its port, the associated RJ-45 port is disabled and cannot be used. The
switch can also be configured to force the use of an RJ-45 port or SFP slot,
as required.
Port and Power Status LEDs
The switch includes a display panel for key system and port indications
that simplify installation and network troubleshooting. The LEDs, which
are located on the front panel for easy viewing, are shown below and
described in the following tables.
1-3
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ABOUT GSW-2476
4-Port SFP Web Smart Switch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
1000
Link/Act
1000
Link/Act
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Power
Power Status LED
Port Status LEDs
Figure 1-3 Port LEDs and Power LED
Table 1-1 Port Status LEDs
LED
Condition
Status
Fast Ethernet Ports (Ports 1-24)
Link/Act
(Link/Activity)
On/Flashing
Green
Port has established a valid network connection.
Flashing indicates activity.
Off
There is no valid link on the port.
Port is operating at 1000 Mbps.
Port is operating at 10 or 100 Mbps.
1000 Mbps
On Green
Off
Table 1-2 Power Status LED
LED
Condition
Green
Off
Status
Power
Internal power is operating normally.
Power off.
1-4
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FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Power Supply Socket
The power socket is located on the rear panel of the switch. The standard
power socket is for the AC power cord.
100-240V
50-60Hz 0.8A
Figure 1-4 Power Supply Socket
Features and Benefits
Connectivity
•
24 10/100/1000 Mbps ports for easy Gigabit Ethernet integration and
for protection of your investment in legacy LAN equipment.
•
Auto-negotiation enables each RJ-45 port to automatically select the
optimum communication mode (half or full duplex) if this feature is
supported by the attached device; otherwise the port can be configured
manually.
•
•
RJ-45 10/100/1000BASE-T ports support auto MDI/MDI-X pinout
selection.
Unshielded (UTP) cable supported on all RJ-45 ports: Category 3 or
better for 10 Mbps connections, Category 5 or better for 100 Mbps
connections, and Category 5, 5e, 6 or better for 1000 Mbps
connections.
•
IEEE 802.3-2005 Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet.
1-5
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ABOUT GSW-2476
Expandability
•
4 Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceiver slots (shared with
1000BASE-T ports)
•
Supports 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX and 1000BASE-ZX SFP
transceivers.
Performance
•
•
•
•
•
Transparent bridging.
Provides store-and-forward switching
Supports Jumbo frames up to 9.6 Kbytes
Supports flow control
Broadcast storm control
Management
•
“At-a-glance” LEDs for easy troubleshooting.
Network management agent
Supports web-based interface
•
•
1-6
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CHAPTER
2
NETWORK PLANNING
Introduction to Switching
A network switch allows simultaneous transmission of multiple packets via
non-crossbar switching. This means that it can partition a network more
efficiently than bridges or routers. Switches have, therefore, been
recognized as one of the most important building blocks for today’s
networking technology.
When performance bottlenecks are caused by congestion at the network
access point (such as the network card for a high-volume file server), the
device experiencing congestion (server, power user or hub) can be attached
directly to a switched port. And, by using full-duplex mode, the bandwidth
of the dedicated segment can be doubled to maximize throughput.
When networks are based on repeater (hub) technology, the distance
between end stations is limited by a maximum hop count. However, a
switch turns the hop count back to zero. So subdividing the network into
smaller and more manageable segments, and linking them to the larger
network by means of a switch, removes this limitation.
A switch can be easily configured in any Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, or
Gigabit Ethernet, network to significantly boost bandwidth while using
conventional cabling and network cards.
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NETWORK PLANNING
Application Examples
GSW-2476 is not only designed to segment your network, but also to
provide a wide range of options in setting up network connections. Some
typical applications are described below.
Collapsed Backbone
GSW-2476 is an excellent choice for mixed Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and
Gigabit Ethernet installations where significant growth is expected in the
near future. In a basic stand-alone configuration, it can provide direct full-
duplex connections for up to 24 workstations or servers. You can easily
build on this basic configuration, adding direct full-duplex connections to
workstations or servers. When the time comes for further expansion, just
connect to another hub or switch using one of the Gigabit Ethernet ports
built into the front panel, or a Gigabit Ethernet port on a plug-in SFP
transceiver.
In the figure below, the 24-port switch is operating as a collapsed backbone
for a small LAN. It is providing dedicated 10 Mbps full-duplex
connections to workstations, 100 Mbps full-duplex connections to power
users, and 1 Gbps full-duplex connections to servers.
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GSW-2476 24-Port Gigabit w/4-Port SFP Web Smart Switch
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...
...
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Servers
1 Gbps
Workstations
100 Mbps
Workstations
10 Mbps
Figure 2-1 Collapsed Backbone
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APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Central Wiring Closet
With 24 parallel bridging ports (i.e., 24 distinct collision domains), this
switch can collapse a complex network down into a single efficient bridged
node, increasing overall bandwidth and throughput.
In the figure below, the 1000BASE-T RJ-45 ports on the switch are
providing 1 Gbps full-duplex connections for up to 24 local segments. In
addition, the switch is also connecting remote servers over fiber optic
cable at 1 Gbps.
10/100/1000 Switch
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GSW-2476 24-Port Gigabit w/4-Port SFP Web Smart Switch
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Power 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Server Farm
10/100 Mbps Segments
...
...
Figure 2-2 Central Wiring Closet
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NETWORK PLANNING
Remote Connections with Fiber Cable
Fiber optic technology allows for longer cabling than any other media type.
A 1000BASE-SX (MMF) link can connect to a site up to 550 meters away,
a 1000BASE-LX (SMF) link up to 10 km, and a 1000BASE-ZX link up to
70 km. This allows a switch stack to serve as a collapsed backbone,
providing direct connectivity for a widespread LAN.
A 1000BASE-SX SFP transceiver can be used for a high-speed connection
between floors in the same building, and a 1000BASE-LX transceiver can
be used for high-bandwidth core connections between buildings in a
campus setting. For long-haul connections, a 1000BASE-ZX SFP
transceiver can be used to reach another site up to 100 kilometers away.
The figure below illustrates three GSW-2476 switches stack
interconnecting multiple segments with fiber cable.
Headquarters
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GSW-2476 24-Port Gigabit w/4-Port SFP Web Smart Switch
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Link/Act
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Link/Act
Power 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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1000BASE-SX MMF
(500 m)
Server Farm
1000BASE-LX SMF
(5 kilometers)
Remote Switch
Remote Switch
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GSW-2476 24-Port Gigabit w/4-Port SFP Web Smart Switch
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Shared SFP Port
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GSW-2476 24-Port Gigabit w/4-Port SFP Web Smart Switch
Link/Act
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10/100 Mbps Segments
...
...
Figure 2-3 Remote Connections with Fiber Cable
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APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Making VLAN Connections
The switch supports VLANs that can be used to organize any group of
network nodes into separate broadcast domains. VLANs confine
broadcast traffic to the originating group, and can eliminate broadcast
storms in large networks. This provides a more secure and cleaner network
environment.
VLANs can be based on untagged port groups, or traffic can be explicitly
tagged to identify the VLAN group to which it belongs. Untagged VLANs
can be used for small networks attached to a single switch. However,
tagged VLANs should be used for larger networks, and all the VLANs
assigned to the inter-switch links.
R&D
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GSW-2476 24-Port Gigabit w/4-Port SFP Web Smart Switch
VLAN 1
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Power 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Tagged
Ports
Untagged Ports
Tagged Port
VLAN
aware
switch
VLAN
unaware
switch
Finance
VLAN 2
Testing
R&D
Marketing
Finance
Testing
VLAN 3
VLAN 4
VLAN 1
VLAN 2
VLAN 3
Figure 2-4 Making VLAN Connections
Note: When connecting to a switch that does not support IEEE 802.1Q
VLAN tags, use untagged ports.
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NETWORK PLANNING
Application Notes
1. Full-duplex operation only applies to point-to-point access (such as
when a switch is attached to a workstation, server or another switch).
When the switch is connected to a hub, both devices must operate in
half-duplex mode.
2. For network applications that require routing between dissimilar
network types, you can attach the switch directly to a multi-protocol
router.
3. As a general rule, the length of fiber optic cable for a single switched
link should not exceed:
•
•
•
1000BASE-SX: 550 m (1805 ft) for multimode fiber
1000BASE-LX: 10 km (6.2 miles) for single-mode fiber
1000BASE-ZX: 70 km (43.5 miles) for single-mode fiber
However, power budget constraints must also be considered when
calculating the maximum cable length for your specific environment.
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CHAPTER
3
INSTALLING THE SWITCH
Selecting a Site
GSW-2476 can be mounted in a standard 19-inch equipment rack or on a
flat surface. Be sure to follow the guidelines below when choosing a
location.
• The site should:
- be at the center of all the devices you want to link and near a power
outlet.
- be able to maintain its temperature within 0 to 40 °C (32 to 104 °F) and
its humidity within 10% to 90%, non-condensing
- provide adequate space (approximately five centimeters or two inches)
on all sides for proper air flow
- be accessible for installing, cabling and maintaining the devices
- allow the status LEDs to be clearly visible
• Make sure twisted-pair cable is always routed away from power lines,
fluorescent lighting fixtures and other sources of electrical interference,
such as radios and transmitters.
• Make sure that the unit is connected to a separate grounded power outlet
that provides 100 to 240 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz, is within 2 m (6.6 feet) of
each device and is powered from an independent circuit breaker. As with
any equipment, using a filter or surge suppressor is recommended.
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INSTALLING THE SWITCH
Ethernet Cabling
To ensure proper operation when installing the switches into a network,
make sure that the current cables are suitable for 10BASE-T,
100BASE-TX or 1000BASE-T operation. Check the following criteria
against the current installation of your network:
• Cable type: Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) or shielded twisted pair (STP)
cables with RJ-45 connectors; Category 3 or better for 10BASE-T,
Category 5 or better for 100BASE-TX, and Category 5, 5e or 6 for
1000BASE-T.
• Protection from radio frequency interference emissions
• Electrical surge suppression
• Separation of electrical wires (switch related or other) and
electromagnetic fields from data based network wiring
• Safe connections with no damaged cables, connectors or shields
RJ-45 Connector
Figure 3-1 RJ-45 Connections
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EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST
Equipment Checklist
After unpacking GSW-2476 unit, check the contents to be sure you have
received all the components. Then, before beginning the installation, be
sure you have all other necessary installation equipment.
Package Contents
• GSW-2476
• Four adhesive foot pads
• Bracket Mounting Kit containing two brackets and eight screws for
attaching the brackets to the switch
• Power cord
• CD User Guide
Optional Rack-Mounting Equipment
If you plan to rack-mount the switches, be sure to have the following
equipment available:
• Four mounting screws for each device you plan to install in a rack—these
are not included
• A screwdriver
Mounting
GSW-2476 can be mounted in a standard 19-inch equipment rack or on a
desktop or shelf. Mounting instructions for each type of site follow.
Rack Mounting
Before rack mounting the switch, pay particular attention to the following
factors:
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INSTALLING THE SWITCH
• Temperature: Since the temperature within a rack assembly may be
higher than the ambient room temperature, check that the
rack-environment temperature is within the specified operating
temperature range (see page C-2).
• Mechanical Loading: Do not place any equipment on top of a
rack-mounted unit.
• Circuit Overloading: Be sure that the supply circuit to the rack assembly
is not overloaded.
• Grounding: Rack-mounted equipment should be properly grounded.
Particular attention should be given to supply connections other than
direct connections to the mains.
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MOUNTING
To rack-mount devices:
1. Attach the brackets to the device using the screws provided in the
Bracket Mounting Kit.
Shared
SFP
Port
21
22
23
24
Figure 3-2 Attaching the Brackets
2. Mount the device in the rack, using four rack-mounting screws (not
provided).
10
1
1
12
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22
S
hared
23
S
FP
Port
21
22
23
24
Figure 3-3 Installing the Switch in a Rack
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INSTALLING THE SWITCH
3. If installing a single switch only, turn to “Connecting to a Power
Source” at the end of this chapter.
4. If installing multiple switches, mount them in the rack, one below the
other, in any order.
Desktop or Shelf Mounting
1. Attach the four adhesive feet to the bottom of the first switch.
4
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G S W
l e v e l
Figure 3-4 Attaching the Adhesive Feet
2. Set the device on a flat surface near an AC power source, making sure
there are at least two inches of space on all sides for proper air flow.
3. If installing a single switch only, go to “Connecting to a Power Source”
at the end of this chapter.
4. If installing multiple switches, attach four adhesive feet to each one.
Place each device squarely on top of the one below, in any order.
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INSTALLING AN SFP TRANSCEIVER
Installing an SFP Transceiver
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The switch supports the following optional transceivers:
•
•
•
1000BASE-SX (GVT-0300)
1000BASE-LX (GVT-0301)
1000BASE-ZX (GVT-0302)
To install an SFP transceiver, do the following:
1. Consider network and cabling requirements to select an appropriate
transceiver type. Refer to “Connectivity Rules” on page 4-6.
2. Insert the transceiver with the optical connector facing outward and
the slot connector facing down. Note that SFP transceivers are keyed
so they can only be installed in one orientation.
3. Slide the transceiver into the slot until it clicks into place.
Note: SFP transceivers are hot-swappable. The switch does not need to
be powered off before installing or removing a transceiver.
However, always first disconnect the network cable before
removing a transceiver.
Note: SFP transceivers are not provided in the switch package.
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INSTALLING THE SWITCH
Connecting to a Power Source
To connect a device to a power source:
1. Insert the power cable plug directly into the socket located at the back
of the device.
100-240V
50-60Hz 0.8A
Figure 3-6 Power Socket
2. Plug the other end of the cable into a grounded, 3-pin, AC power
source.
Note: For international use, you may need to change the AC line
cord. You must use a line cord set that has been approved for
the socket type in your country.
3. Check the front-panel LEDs as the device is powered on to be sure
the Power LED is on. If not, check that the power cable is correctly
plugged in.
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CHAPTER
4
MAKING NETWORK
CONNECTIONS
Connecting Network Devices
GSW-2476 is designed to interconnect multiple segments (or collision
domains). It can be connected to network cards in PCs and servers, as well
as to hubs, switches or routers. It may also be connected to devices using
optional SFP transceivers.
Twisted-Pair Devices
connectors at both ends. Use Category 5, 5e or 6 cable for 1000BASE-T
connections, Category 5 or better for 100BASE-TX connections, and
Category 3 or better for 10BASE-T connections.
Cabling Guidelines
The RJ-45 ports on the switch support automatic MDI/MDI-X pinout
configuration, so you can use standard straight-through twisted-pair cables
to connect to any other network device (PCs, servers, switches, routers, or
hubs).
See Appendix B “Cables” for further information on cabling.
Caution: Do not plug a phone jack connector into an RJ-45
port. This will damage the switch. Use only twisted-pair cables
with RJ-45 connectors that conform to FCC standards.
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MAKING NETWORK CONNECTIONS
Connecting to PCs, Servers, Hubs and Switches
1. Attach one end of a twisted-pair cable segment to the device’s RJ-45
connector.
Figure 4-1 Making Twisted-Pair Connections
2. If the device is a PC card and the switch is in the wiring closet, attach
the other end of the cable segment to a modular wall outlet that is
connected to the wiring closet. (See “Network Wiring Connections”
on page 4-3.) Otherwise, attach the other end to an available port on
the switch.
Make sure each twisted pair cable does not exceed 100 meters (328 ft)
in length.
3. As each connection is made, the Link LED (on the switch)
corresponding to each port turns on to indicate that the connection is
valid.
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TWISTED-PAIR DEVICES
Network Wiring Connections
Today, the punch-down block is an integral part of many of the newer
equipment racks. It is actually part of the patch panel. Instructions for
follows.
1. Attach one end of a patch cable to an available port on the switch, and
the other end to the patch panel.
2. If not already in place, attach one end of a cable segment to the back
of the patch panel where the punch-down block is located, and the
other end to a modular wall outlet.
3. Label the cables to simplify future troubleshooting. See “Cable
Labeling and Connection Records” on page 4-8.
Equipment Rack
(side view)
Network Switch
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S54
Punch-Down Block
Patch Panel
Wall
Figure 4-2 Wiring Closet Connections
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MAKING NETWORK CONNECTIONS
Fiber Optic SFP Devices
An optional Gigabit SFP transceiver (1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX or
1000BASE-ZX) can be used for a backbone connection between switches,
or for connecting to a high-speed server.
Each single-mode fiber port requires 9/125 micron single-mode fiber
optic cable with an LC connector at both ends. Each multimode fiber optic
port requires 50/125 or 62.5/125 micron multimode fiber optic cabling
with an LC connector at both ends.
Warning: the switch use lasers to transmit signals over fiber optic cable.
The lasers are compliant with the requirements of a Class 1
Laser Product and are inherently eye safe in normal operation.
However, you should never look directly at a transmit port
when it is powered on.
Note: When selecting a fiber SFP device, considering safety, please make
sure that it can function at a temperature that is not less than the
recommended maximum operational temperature of the product.
You must also use an approved Laser Class 1 SFP transceiver.
1. Remove and keep the LC port’s rubber cover. When not connected to
a fiber cable, the rubber cover should be replaced to protect the optics.
2. Check that the fiber terminators are clean. You can clean the cable
plugs by wiping them gently with a clean tissue or cotton ball
moistened with a little ethanol. Dirty fiber terminators on fiber cables
will impair the quality of the light transmitted through the cable and
lead to degraded performance on the port.
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FIBER OPTIC SFP DEVICES
3. Connect one end of the cable to the LC port on the switch and the
other end to the LC port on the other device. Since LC connectors are
keyed, the cable can be attached in only one orientation.
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20
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1
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Figure 4-3 Making Connections to SFP Transceivers
4. As a connection is made, check the Link LED on the switch
corresponding to the port to be sure that the connection is valid.
The 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX and 1000BASE-ZX fiber optic ports
operate at 1 Gbps full duplex. The maximum length for fiber optic cable
operating at Gigabit speed will depend on the fiber type as listed under
“1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Collision Domain” on page 4-6.
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MAKING NETWORK CONNECTIONS
Connectivity Rules
When adding hubs (repeaters) to your network, please follow the
connectivity rules listed in the manuals for these products. However, note
that because switches break up the path for connected devices into
separate collision domains, you should not include the switch or connected
cabling in your calculations for cascade length involving other devices.
1000BASE-T Cable Requirements
All Category 5 UTP cables that are used for 100BASE-TX connections
should also work for 1000BASE-T, providing that all four wire pairs are
connected. However, it is recommended that for all critical connections, or
any new cable installations, Category 5e (enhanced Category 5) or
Category 6 cable should be used. The Category 5e specification includes
test parameters that are only recommendations for Category 5. Therefore,
the first step in preparing existing Category 5 cabling for running
1000BASE-T is a simple test of the cable installation to be sure that it
complies with the IEEE 802.3-2005 standards.
1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Collision Domain
Table 4-1 Maximum 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet Cable Length
Cable Type
Maximum Cable
Length
Connector
Category 5, 5e, 6 100-ohm UTP or STP 100 m (328 ft)
RJ-45
Table 4-2 Maximum 1000BASE-SX Fiber Optic Cable Length
Fiber Diameter
Fiber
Bandwidth
Cable Length
Range
Connector
62.5/125 micron
multimode fiber (MMF)
160 MHz/km
200 MHz/km
400 MHz/km
500 MHz/km
2-220 m (7-722 ft)
2-275 m (7-902 ft)
LC
LC
50/125 micron
multimode fiber (MMF)
2-500 m (7-1641 ft) LC
2-550 m (7-1805 ft) LC
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CONNECTIVITY RULES
Table 4-3 Maximum 1000BASE-LX Fiber Optic Cable Length
Fiber Diameter
Fiber
Bandwidth
Cable Length
Range
Connector
9/125 micron
single-mode fiber
N/A
2 m - 10km
(7 ft - 6.4 miles)
LC
Table 4-4 Maximum 1000BASE-ZX Fiber Optic Cable Length
Fiber Diameter
Fiber
Bandwidth
Cable Length
Range
Connector
9/125 micron
single-mode fiber
N/A
2 m - 70 km
(7 ft - 43.5 miles)
LC
100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Collision Domain
Table 4-5 Maximum Fast Ethernet Cable Length
Type
Cable Type
Maximum Cable
Length
Connector
100BASE-TX Category 5 or better
100-ohm UTP or STP
100 m (328 ft)
RJ-45
10 Mbps Ethernet Collision Domain
Table 4-6 Maximum Ethernet Cable Length
Type
Cable Type
Maximum Length
Connector
10BASE-T
Categories 3, 4, 5 or
better 100-ohm UTP
100 m (328 ft)
RJ-45
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MAKING NETWORK CONNECTIONS
Cable Labeling and Connection Records
When planning a network installation, it is essential to label the opposing
ends of cables and to record where each cable is connected. Doing so will
enable you to easily locate inter-connected devices, isolate faults and
change your topology without need for unnecessary time consumption.
To best manage the physical implementations of your network, follow
these guidelines:
• Clearly label the opposing ends of each cable.
• Using your building’s floor plans, draw a map of the location of all
network-connected equipment. For each piece of equipment, identify the
devices to which it is connected.
• Note the length of each cable and the maximum cable length supported
by the switch ports.
• For ease of understanding, use a location-based key when assigning
prefixes to your cable labeling.
• Use sequential numbers for cables that originate from the same
equipment.
• Differentiate between racks by naming accordingly.
• Label each separate piece of equipment.
• Display a copy of your equipment map, including keys to all
abbreviations at each equipment rack.
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CHAPTER
5
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Using the Web Interface
This switch provides an embedded HTTP web agent. Using a web browser
you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network
activity. The web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network
using a standard web browser (Internet Explorer 5.5 or above, or Mozilla
Firefox 1.0 or above).
Prior to accessing the switch from a web browser, be sure you have first
performed the following tasks:
1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default
gateway. (Defaults: IP address 192.168.2.10; Subnet mask
255.255.255.0; Gateway 0.0.0.0)
2. Set a new password using the web interface. (Default: “admin”).
Access to the web interface is controlled by the password. See
“Configuring the Logon Password” on page 5-15.
Note: If you cannot remember the switch's IP address, you can restore
the original settings by following the procedure described in the
“Troubleshooting” section.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Navigating the Web Browser Interface
To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a password. The
user has read/write access to all configuration parameters and statistics.
The default password for the switch is “admin.”
Note: If user input is not detected within five minutes, the current
session is terminated.
Home Page
When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home
page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu
on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side.
The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display
configuration parameters and statistics..
Figure 5-1 Home Page
5-2
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NAVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE
Configuration Options
Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a
configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the
Apply button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes
the web page configuration buttons.
Table 5-1 Web Page Configuration Buttons
Button
Apply
Cancel
Help
Action
Sets specified values to the system.
Discards all changes and restores current values.
Links directly to web help.
Notes:
To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer
is configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet
Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the
setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages”
should be “Every visit to the page.”
Panel Display
The web interface displays an image of the switch's ports. A port turns
green when the corresponding front-panel port is connected to another
device. To show port numbers, place the mouse pointer over the port.
Figure 5-2 Front Panel Indicators
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Main Menu
Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage
and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions.
The following table briefly describes the selections available from the
web-browser interface.
Table 5-2 Switch Main Menu
Menu
Description
Page
5-6
STATUS
Overview
Provides a basic system description, including
system name, IP address, port, trunk, and
VLAN information.
5-6
Statistics
Shows statistics for port, interface, and
RMON.
5-9
SYSTEM
Name
5-13
5-13
5-14
Shows the name of the switch.
LAN Settings
Sets the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and
gateway IP address.
Password
Tools
Changes the password.
5-15
5-16
Reset to Factory
Defaults
Force the switch to perform a power reset and 5-16
restore the original factory settings.
Upgrade Firmware
Upgrade the switch system firmware using a
file provided by LevelOne.
5-17
Upload/download
Configuration
Select this tool to Upload/download the
Switch system configuration file.
5-18
Set boot Image
Restart
Select this tool to set the active image.
Restarts the switch.
5-18
5-18
5-19
Static MAC
Adds static MAC addresses to the switch
MAC address table.
Counter Config
Selects traffic statistics you want to monitor.
5-20
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NAVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE
Table 5-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Menu
Description
Page
5-21
5-21
PORTS
Settings
Configure the speed and duplex mode of the
port.
Storm Control
Port Mirroring
Sets the broadcast storm control parameters.
5-23
5-24
Sets up the port mirroring features of the
switch to enable traffic monitoring.
Cable Diagnostic
TRUNKS
Diagnoses cable faults.
5-25
5-26
5-27
5-27
5-28
5-28
5-28
Membership
Specifies ports to group into static trunks
Configures trunk connection settings
Settings
VLANS
VLAN Membership
VLAN Port Config
Configure VLAN port groups.
Configures VLAN behavior for individual
ports and trunks.
QOS
5-33
Settings
Sets the priority of packets forwarded through 5-33
the switch.
Security
ACL
5-34
Sets up management access filter.
5-34
5-36
5-37
5-37
IGMP Snoop
Settings
Status
Sets up IGMP Snooping configuration
Shows IGMP Snooping instances and port
states.
LOGOUT
Quits to the Login page.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Web Configuration
Displaying Status Overview
You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location
and contact information.
Field Attributes
System Information
• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.
• Number of Ports – Number of built-in ports.
• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.
• Code Version – Version number of the code.
• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.
Address Information
• Management VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (this is set to 1 and
cannot be changed) all ports on the unit are members of VLAN 1. The
management station must always be attached to a port on VLAN 1.
• IP Address – Address of the VLAN to which the management station
is attached. (Note that the management station must always be on
VLAN 1. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255,
separated by periods.
• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for
routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.255.255.0)
• Gateway IP Address – IP address of the gateway router between the
switch and management stations that exist on other network segments.
(Default: 0.0.0.0)
• MAC Address – The physical layer address of the switch.
Port Information
• Type – Indicates the port type.
• Link Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
• Speed/Duplex Status – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.
• 10hdx: 10 Mbps half duplex.
• 10fdx: 10 Mbps full duplex.
• 100hdx: 100 Mbps half duplex.
• 100fdx: 100 Mbps full duplex.
• 1000fdx: 1000 Mbps full duplex.
• Flow Control Status – Indicates whether flow control is enabled or
disabled. (IEEE 802.3x, or Back-Pressure)
• Autonegotiation – Shows if auto-negotiation is enabled or disabled.
• Frame Type – Either “Tagged” or “All.” “Tagged” means that the port
will only send and receive VLAN-tagged packets. When set to “All,” the
port will also send and receive untagged packets.
• PVID – The VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on the
interface. (Default: 1)
Trunk Information
• Trunk – The trunk label. “T1” through “T8” are used as trunk labels.
• Type – All trunks and ports on this switch are 10/100/1000Mbps
• Trunk Status – Indicates the speed and duplex setting of the trunk. This
can be changed on the TRUNKS > Settings page.
• 10hdx: 10 Mbps half duplex.
• 10fdx: 10 Mbps full duplex.
• 100hdx: 100 Mbps half duplex.
• 100fdx: 100 Mbps full duplex.
• 1000fdx: 1000 Mbps full duplex.
• Ports – The ports that are members of the trunk.
VLAN Inoformation
• VLAN ID – A number in the range 1 - 4095 which identifies the VLAN.
• VLAN Member – A list of the ports that are members of the VLAN.
By default, all ports are members of VLAN 1.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Showing Port Statistics
You can display statistics on network traffic from the ports. These statistics
can be used to identify potential problems with the switch (such as a faulty
port or unusually heavy loading). All values displayed have been
accumulated since the last system reboot, but can be reset to zero by
clicking the CLEAR button. The current statistics are not displayed until
you click the REFRESH button.
Table 5-3 Port Statistics
Parameter
Description
Interface Statistics
Received Octets
The total number of octets received on the interface,
including framing characters.
Received Unicast Packets The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered
to a higher-layer protocol.
Received Errors
The number of inbound packets that contained errors
preventing them from being deliverable to a
higher-layer protocol.
Transmitted Multicast
Packets
The total number of packets that higher-level
protocols requested be transmitted, and which were
addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer,
including those that were discarded or not sent.
Transmitted Broadcast
Packets
The total number of packets that higher-level
protocols requested be transmitted, and which were
addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer,
including those that were discarded or not sent.
Received High Priority
Packets
The total number of received packets that set as High
Priority in the QoS settings.
Received Normal Priority The total number of received packets that set as
Packets Normal Priority in the QoS settings.
Transmitted High Priority The total number of transmitted packets that set as
Packets
High Priority in the QoS settings.
Transmitted Normal
Priority Packets
The total number of transmitted packets that set as
Normal Priority in the QoS settings.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Table 5-3 Port Statistics (Continued)
Description
Parameter
Received Multicast Packets The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to
a higher (sub-)layer, which were addressed to a
multicast address at this sub-layer.
Received Broadcast
Packets
The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to
a higher (sub-)layer, which were addressed to a
broadcast address at this sub-layer.
Transmitted Octets
The total number of octets transmitted out of the
interface, including framing characters.
Transmitted Unicast
Packets
The total number of packets that higher-level
protocols requested be transmitted to a
subnetwork-unicast address, including those that
were discarded or not sent.
Transmitted Errors
The number of outbound packets that could not be
transmitted because of errors.
Received Medium Priority The total number of received packets that set as
Packets
Medium Priority in the QoS settings.
Received Low Priority
Packets
The total number of received packets that set as Low
Priority in the QoS settings.
Transmitted Medium
Priority Packets
The total number of transmitted packets that set as
Medium Priority in the QoS settings.
Transmitted Low Priority The total number of transmitted packets that set as
Packets
Low Priority in the QoS settings.
RMON Statistics
Drop Events
The total number of events in which packets were
dropped due to lack of resources.
Received Frames
Multicast Frames
The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and
multicast) received.
The total number of good frames received that were
directed to this multicast address.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Table 5-3 Port Statistics (Continued)
Parameter
Description
Undersize Frames
The total number of frames received that were less
than 64 octets long (excluding framing bits, but
including FCS octets) and were otherwise well
formed.
Fragments
The total number of frames received that were less
than 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits, but
including FCS octets) and had either an FCS or
alignment error.
Collisions
The best estimate of the total number of collisions on
this Ethernet segment.
Received Bytes
Total number of bytes of data received on the
network. This statistic can be used as a reasonable
indication of Ethernet utilization.
Broadcast Frames
The total number of good frames received that were
directed to the broadcast address. Note that this does
not include multicast packets.
CRC/Alignment Errors
Oversize Frames
The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or
alignment errors).
The total number of frames received that were longer
than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but
including FCS octets) and were otherwise well
formed.
Jabbers
The total number of frames received that were longer
than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but
including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or
alignment error.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Table 5-3 Port Statistics (Continued)
Parameter
Description
64 Bytes Frames
The total number of frames (including bad packets)
received and transmitted that were 64 octets in length
(excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
65-127 Byte Frames
128-255 Byte Frames
256-511 Byte Frames
512-1023 Byte Frames
1024-1518 Byte Frames
The total number of frames (including bad packets)
received and transmitted where the number of octets
fall within the specified range (excluding framing bits
but including FCS octets).
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Web – Click STATUS, Statistics.
Figure 5-4 Port Statistics
Displaying System Name
You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name.
Field Attributes
• Switch Name – Name assigned to the switch system.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Web – Click System, Name.
Figure 5-5 System Name
Setting the Switch’s IP Address
This section describes how to configure an IP interface for management
access over the network. The IP address for this switch is 192.168.2.10 by
default. To manually configure an address, you need to change the switch’s
default settings (IP address 192.168.2.10 and netmask 255.255.255.0) to
values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to
establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations
that exist on another network segment.
Field Attributes
• DHCP Enabled – Check the box to enable DHCP. (default: disabled)
• LAN IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface that is allowed
management access. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to
255, separated by periods. (Default : 192.168.2.10)
• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for
routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.255.255.0)
• Gateway IP Address – IP address of the gateway router between this
device and management stations that exist on other network segments.
(Default: 0.0.0.0)
Note: If, at any point, you cannot remember the switch's IP address,
you can restore the original settings by following the procedure
described in the "Troubleshooting" section.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Manual Configuration
Web – Click System, LAN Settings. Enter the IP address, subnet mask and
gateway, then click APPLY. Note that if you change the switch IP address,
you must close the web interface and start a new session using the new IP
address.
Figure 5-6 LAN Settings
Configuring the Logon Password
The administrator has write access for all parameters governing the
onboard agent. You should therefore assign a new administrator password
as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place.
Field Attributes
• Password – Specifies the user password.
(Range: 1-16 characters plain text, case sensitive)
Note: If you cannot remember the password, you can restore the
original settings by following the procedure described in the
“Troubleshooting” on page 61.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Web – Click System, Password. To change the password for the
administrator, enter current password, the new password, confirm it by
entering it again, then click APPLY.
Figure 5-7 Password Settings
Tools
On the Tools page, you can restore the switch to default settings, upgrade
the firmware of the switch, or restart the switch.
Reset to Factory Defaults
Force the switch to restore the original factory settings. To reset the
switch, select "Reset to Factory Defaults" from the drop-down list and
click APPLY. The LAN IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway IP Address
will not be reset.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Web – Click System, Tools, Reset to Factory Defaults.
Figure 5-8 Reset to Factory Defaults
Upgrade Firmware
To Upgrade the switch system firmware, select “Upgrade Firmware” from
the Tools drop-down list then click on the “Browse” button to select the
firmware file. Click the APPLY button to upgrade the selected switch
firmware file.
Web – Click System, Tools, Upgrade Firmware.
Figure 5-9 Upgrade Firmware
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Upload/Download Configuration
Web – Click SYSTEM, Tools, Upload/Download Configuration. To
upload or download the configuration file, select "Upload/Download
Configuration" from the Tools drop-down list, then click "Upload" or
"Download", and then click on the "Browse" button to select the file.
Figure 5-10 Restart Switch
Set boot Image
Web – Click SYSTEM, Tools, Set boot Image. To set the bootimage, click
either “Image0“ or “Image1“to decide the active image, and then click
APPlY.
Figure 5-11 Set boot Image
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Restart Switch
Web – Click SYSTEM, Tools, Restart Switch. To restart the switch, select
from the Tools drop-down list, and then click APPLY. The reset will be
complete when the user interface displays the login page.
Figure 5-12 Restart Switch
Static MAC
Switches store the MAC addresses for all known devices in the attached
network. This information is used to forward traffic directly between the
inbound and outbound ports. All the MAC addresses learned by
monitoring traffic are stored in a dynamic address table, which removes
(ages out) any addresses that are not “seen” for a specified time period .
You can also manually configure static MAC addresses that are assigned to
specific ports on the switch. A static MAC address is bound to a specific
port and will not be moved or aged out. You can define up to 24 static
MAC addresses on the switch.
Add Static MAC
Type the static MAC address and associated VLAN ID (1-4095) into
corresponding fields in the Add Static MAC table. After clicking the ADD
button, a new page opens to configure the Destination Mask for this MAC
entry. Only one static MAC address can be added at a time.
Static MAC Address Configuration
This table shows the stored static MAC entries in MAC table.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Web – Click System, Static MAC. Enter the MAC address, VLAN ID, then
click ADD button to add a new static MAC address.
Figure 5-13 Static MAC Address Configuration
Counter Config
This page allows specific statistics to be selected for monitoring. It is
possible to monitor up to five transmit counters and five receive counters,
as well as 1 transmit byte counter and receive byte counter.
Please also note the following restrictions.
• Received Unicast Packets can be enabled after Received Multicast
Packets and Received Broadcast Packets are enabled.
• Received Multicast Packets and Received Broadcast Packets can be
disabled after Received Unicast Packets is disabled.
The above 2 rules are also applied to Transmitted Multicast Packets,
Transmitted Unicast Packets and Transmitted Broadcast Packets.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Web – Click System, Counter Config
Figure 5-14 Counter Configuration
Port Configuration
You can use the Port Configuration page to manually fix the speed, duplex
mode, and flow control.
Field Attributes
• Enable Jumbo Frames– Click to enable or disable Jumbo Frames.
• Speed/Duplex – Allows you to manually set the port speed and duplex
mode.
• Flow Control – Allows flow control to be enabled or disabled. When the
box is checked, flow control is enabled.
• Trunk – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Storm Control
Broadcast storms may occur when a device on your network is
malfunctioning, or if application programs are not well designed or
properly configured. If there is too much broadcast traffic on your
network, performance can be severely degraded or everything can come to
complete halt.
You can protect your network from broadcast storms by setting a
threshold for broadcast traffic for each port. Any broadcast packets
exceeding the specified threshold will then be dropped.
Field Attributes
• Type – List the type of traffic which can be rate limited, including ICMP,
learn frames, broadcast, multicast and flooded unicast frames.
• Enable Storm Control – Click the check box to enable storm control
for the specific frame type.
• Rate(number of frames per second) – The Rate field is set by a single
drop-down list. The same threshold is applied to every port on the
switch. When the threshold is exceeded, packets are dropped,
irrespective of the flow-control settings.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Web – Click PORTS, Storm Control. This page enables you to set the
broadcast storm control parameters for every port on the switch.
Figure 5-16 Port Broadcast Control
Port Mirroring
You can mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real-time
analysis. You can then attach a logic analyzer or RMON probe to the target
port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely
unobtrusive manner.
Field Attributes
• Ports to Mirror - Select the ports that you want to mirror from this
section of the page. A port will be mirrored when the"Mirroring
Enabled" check-box is checked.
• Port to Mirror to – The port that will “duplicate” or “mirror” the traffic
on the source port. Only incoming packets can be mirrored. Packets will
be dropped when the available egress bandwidth is less than ingress
bandwidth.
Note: If the total ingress bandwidth exceeds the mirror port’s egress
bandwidth, packets will eventually be dropped on ingress to the
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WEB CONFIGURATION
switch, which means they will not reach the mirror port or their
intended destination port. Input rate-limiting in conjunction with
port flow-control should be used to ensure that the total ingress
bandwidth never exceeds the egress bandwidth.
Web – Click PORTS, Port Mirroring.
Figure 5-17 Port Mirroring
Cable Diagnostic
You can perform cable diagnostics for all ports or selected ports to
diagnose any cable faults (short, open etc..) and feedback a distance to the
fault.
Field Attributes
• Cable Diagnostics – Cable diagnostics is performed on a per-port
basis. Select the port number from the drop-down list.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
• Cable Status – Shows the cable length, operating conditions and isolates
a variety of common faults that can occur on Category 5 twisted pair
cabling.
Web – Click PORTS, Port Mirroring.
Figure 5-18 Cable Diagnostics
Trunks Membership
This page allows you to create a maximum of eight trunks of up to eight
ports each. The Membership Table has one row for each port and ten
columns. Each row contains nine radio buttons which are used to indicate
which trunk (if any) the port belongs to.
Field Attributes
• Port – The front panel port number.
• Not a Trunk Member – If the radio button in this column is selected,
the port is not a member of any trunks. This is the default state.
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WEB CONFIGURATION
• Trunk T1-T8 – These columns correspond to the eight trunks that are
supported by the switch. To assign a port to a trunk, click on the radio
button in the corresponding column, then click APPLY.
Web – Click TRUNKS, Membership. To assign a port to a trunk, click the
required trunk number, then click APPLY.
Figure 5-19 Trunk Membership
Trunk Configuration
Field Attributes
• Trunk – Indicates trunk identification.
• Speed/Duplex – Allows you to manually set the port speed and duplex
mode for all ports in the trunk.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
• Flow Control – Allows flow control to be enabled or disabled. When the
box is checked, flow control is enabled.
• Ports – Indicates which ports belong to the trunk.
Web – Click TRUNKS, Settings.
Figure 5-20 Trunk Configuration
VLAN Settings
This page allows you to create and delete VLANs (Virtual LANs) and to
change the VLAN membership and behaviour of individual ports. VLANs
are powerful, but can be difficult to set up properly. Each row of the table
corresponds to one port or trunk; trunked ports cannot be configured
individually.
Introduction to VLANs
VLANs are logical partitions of the physical LAN. You can use VLANs to
increase network performance or improve internal network security.
If the network has adequate performance and security for your current
needs, it is recommended that you leave the VLAN settings in the default
configuration. The default configuration is as follows:
• All ports are members of VLAN 1
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WEB CONFIGURATION
• The switch management interface is on VLAN 1 (this cannot be
changed)
• All ports have a Port VLAN ID (PVID) of 1
• All ports can send and receive both VLAN-tagged and untagged packets
(that is, they are hybrid ports)
In the default configuration, any port is able to send traffic to any other
port and a PC connected to any port will be able to access the
management interface. Broadcast traffic, for example, will be flooded to all
ports on the switch.
There are three different parameters that can be configured for each port
on the switch; VLAN ID (VLAN membership), PVID and Packet Type.
Note that the ports within a trunk cannot be configured individually;
configure the trunk instead (trunks are labelled T1 to T8).
IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling (QinQ) is designed for service providers carrying
traffic for multiple customers across their networks. QinQ tunneling is
used to maintain customer-specific VLAN configurations even when
different customers use the same internal VLAN IDs. This is
accomplished by inserting Service Provider VLAN (SPVLAN) tags into
the customer’s frames when they enter the service provider’s network, and
then stripping the tags when the frames leave the network. QinQ tunneling
expands VLAN space by using this VLAN-in-VLAN hierarchy, preserving
the customer’s original tagged packets, and adding SPVLAN tags to each
frame (also called double tagging). Ports on the switch can be set to
support QinQ when providing a direct link to a service provider's network.
Field Attributes
• Port/Trunk – The port-number of the port or the ID of a trunk. This
cannot be changed.
• VLAN Awareness – VLAN aware ports will strip the VLAN tag from
received frames and insert the tag in transmitted frames (except PVID).
VLAN unaware ports will not strip the tag from received frames or insert
the tag in transmitted frames.
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
For QinQ operation, a customer port should be set to VLAN unaware
and a provider port (trunk port) should be set to VLAN aware.
• QinQ – A QinQ enabled port will accept packets up to 1526 bytes in
length, which means double tag header frames can be accepted.
QinQ should be enabled for provider ports but not for customer ports.
Note: QinQ “customer” ports are those ports that are connected to
normal VLAN aware switches in the customer’s network. QinQ
“network” ports are those which are connected to the service
provider's network. To tunnel packets through a service
provider’s metro network, QinQ needs to be enabled on the
network port.
• Packet Type – Sets the interface to accept all frame types, including
tagged or untagged frames, or only tagged frames. When set to receive
all frame types, any received frames that are untagged are assigned to the
default VLAN. PCs should be connected to ports with Packet Type set
to “All.” PCs cannot, in general, send or receive tagged packets. Switches
should be connected to each other with Packet Type set to “Tagged.” If
the Packet Type is set to “All,” the port can accept incoming tagged and
untagged packets. Untagged packets will be associated with the VLAN
identified by the PVID. Tagged packets will be dropped unless the port
is a member of the VLAN identified by the VLAN tag in the packet.
Outgoing packets will be tagged unless the packet’s VLAN ID is the
same as the PVID. If the Packet Type is set to “Tagged,” the port will
drop untagged packets and will only send and receive tagged packets.
Tagged packets will be dropped unless the port is a member of the
VLAN identified by the VLAN tag in the packet. The PVID has no
effect in this case.(Option: All, Tagged; Default: All)
• PVID – VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on the
interface. The PVID (Port VLAN ID) is the VLAN ID that is associated
with untagged, ingress packets. It is not possible to remove a port from
VLAN 1 unless its PVID has been changed to something other than 1.
The PVID has no effect on ports that have Packet Type set to Tagged.
(Default: 1)
5-30
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Web – Click VLANS, VLAN Settings. Fill in the required settings for each
interface, click Apply.
Figure 5-21 VLAN Settings
VLAN Memembership
You can create up to 255 VLANs based on 802.1Q standard and delete
VLANs (Virtual LANs) to change the VLAN membership and behaviour
of individual ports. You can create new VLAN group on Add VLAN
Group, and view every VLAN group ID on VLAN Group List.
Note: For QinQ application, the number of VLAN groups that would be
setup is equal to the number of customer ports. Each VLAN
group consists of two ports, customer port and network port. The
VID equals to PVID of the customer port. Network port is
member of the VLAN of customer port.
5-31
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
Web – Click VLANS, VLAN Membership. To add a new , type into the
VLAN ID (1-4095) of the VLAN group you want the new group to be,
then click Add to open up the 802.1Q VLAN Group window, on which
you can configure VLAN membership.
Figure 5-22 802.1Q VLAN Configuration
Figure 5-23 802.1Q VLAN Group
5-32
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WEB CONFIGURATION
QOS Settings
QoS (Quality of Service) is a mechanism that is used to prioritize certain
traffic as it is forward through the switch. Traffic can be classified as High
or Normal priority and, when the switch is heavily loaded, it is the Normal
priority packets that are dropped first. You can select how traffic is
prioritized by using one of the three QoS modes, which are selected using
the QoS Mode drop-down list.
Note: Only one QoS mode can be active at one time. It is not possible,
for example, to prioritize traffic using the DSCP value and 802.1p
tag.
QoS Disabled
QoS is turned off and all packets have equal priority.
802.1p
Packets are prioritzed using the content of the VLAN-tag. The 802.1p field
is held within the VLAN-tag of a packet. The field is three bits long so can
hold eight values; 0 - 7 inclusive. When QoS Mode is set to 802.1p, the
802.1p Configuration table appears which allows a priority (normal or
high) to be set for each of the eight values.
You can use the Prioritize Traffic drop-down list to quickly set the values
in the 802.1p Configuration table. Select All Normal Priority to set all
values to normal priority or select All High Priority to set all values to high
priority. Use Custom if you want to set each value individually.
Note: Because end-stations, like PCs, are not usually VLAN aware, they
do not create VLAN-tagged frames. As a result, this method of
prioritization is not ideal when there are a lot of PCs connected to
the switch.
DSCP
Packets are prioritized using the DSCP (Differentiated Services Code
Point) value.
5-33
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
The Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) is a six-bit field that is
contained within an IP (TCP or UDP) header. The six bits allow the DSCP
field to take any value in the range 0 - 63 inclusive. When QoS Mode is set
to DSCP, the DSCP Configuration table is displayed, which allows a
priority (normal or high) to be set for each of the DSCP values.
You can use the Prioritize Traffic drop-down list to quickly set the values
in the DSCP Configuration table. Select All Normal Priority to set all
values to normal priority or select All High Priority to set all values to high
priority. Use Custom if you want to set each value individually.
Web – Click QOS, Settings. In QoS Mode, select QoS Diabled, 802.1p, or
DSCP to configure the related parameters.
Figure 5-24 QoS Settings
Security
ACL
This page enables you to set up a management access filter on the switch.
With the Management Access Filter Configuration table, you can create a
list of up to 8 IP addresses or IP address groups that are allowed
management access to the switch through the web interface or SNMP. The
management interfaces are open to all IP addresses by default. Once you
add an entry to a filter list, access to that interface is restricted to the
5-34
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WEB CONFIGURATION
specified addresses. If anyone tries to access a management interface on
the switch from an invalid address, the switch will reject the connection.
Note: Invalid frames will not be able to access management interface,
but normal forwarding is not impacted.
Web – Click Security, ACL.
Figure 5-25 Management Access Filter Configuration
5-35
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CONFIGURING THE SWITCH
IGMP Snoop
The switch can use Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to filter
multicast traffic. IGMP Snooping monitors IGMP service requests passing
between multicast clients and servers, and dynamically configures the ports
which need to recieve the mulitcast traffic.
Note: For IGMPV3, the switch incudes basic support for reports only,
Source Multicast is not supported.
Settings
Field Attributes
IGMP Snooping Configuration
• IGMP Enabled - When enabled, the switch will monitor network traffic
to determine which hosts want to receive multicast traffic.
• Router Ports - Set if ports are conneting to the IGMP administrative
routers.
• Unregistered IPMC Flooding enabled - Set the forwarding mode for
unregistered (not-joined) IP multicast traffic. The traffic will flood when
enabled, and forward to router-ports only when disabled.
IGMP Snooping VLAN Configuration
• VLAN ID - The VLAN ID. This cannot be changed.
• IGMP Snooping Enabled -When enabled, the port will monitor
network traffic to determine which hosts want to receive the multicast
traffic.
• IGMP Querying Enabled - When enabled, the port can serve as the
Querier, which is responsible for asking hosts if they want to receive
multicast traffic.
5-36
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WEB CONFIGURATION
Web – Click IGMP Snoop, Settings.
Figure 5-26 IGMP Snooping Configuration
IGMP Status
Show the IGMP Snooping statistics for the whole switch
Field Attributes
• VLAN ID - VLAN ID number.
• Querier - Show whether Querying is enabled.
• Queries transmitted - Show the number of transmitted Query packets.
• Queries received - Show the number of received Query packets.
• v1 Reports - Show the number of received v1 Report packets.
• v2 Reports - Show the number of received v2 Report packets.
• v3 Reports - Show the number of received v2 Report packets.
• v3 Leave - Show the number of v3 leave packets received.
5-37
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APPENDIX
A
TROUBLESHOOTING
Diagnosing Switch Indicators
Table A-1 Troubleshooting Chart
Action
Symptom
Power LED is Off
•
Check connections between the switch, the power
cord, and the wall outlet.
•
•
Contact your dealer for assistance.
Contact LevelOne Technical Support.
Link LED is Off
•
•
•
•
•
Verify that the switch and attached device are powered
on.
Be sure the cable is plugged into both the switch and
corresponding device.
If the switch is installed in a rack, check the
connections to the punch-down block and patch panel.
Verify that the proper cable type is used and its length
does not exceed specified limits.
Check the adapter on the attached device and cable
connections for possible defects. Replace the defective
adapter or cable if necessary.
A-1
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TROUBLESHOOTING
Power and Cooling Problems
If the power indicator does not turn on when the power cord is plugged in,
you may have a problem with the power outlet, power cord, or internal
power supply. However, if the unit powers off after running for a while,
check for loose power connections, power losses or surges at the power
outlet, and verify that the fans on the unit are unobstructed and running
prior to shutdown. If you still cannot isolate the problem, then the internal
power supply may be defective.
Installation
Verify that all system components have been properly installed. If one or
more components appear to be malfunctioning (such as the power cord or
network cabling), test them in an alternate environment where you are sure
that all the other components are functioning properly.
In-Band Access
You can access the management agent in the switch from anywhere within
the attached network using a Web browser, or other network management
software tools. However, you must first configure the switch with a valid
IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. If you have trouble
establishing a link to the management agent, check to see if you have a
valid network connection. Then verify that you entered the correct IP
address. Also, be sure the port through which you are connecting to the
switch has not been disabled. If it has not been disabled, then check the
network cabling that runs between your remote location and the switch.
A-2
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RESET THE SWITCH
Reset the Switch
As situation requires, you might want to reset the switch and to restore to
the default settings. To reset the switch:
1. Unplug the power cord from the power socket.
2. Unplug all cables from the ports.
3. Use an Ethernet cable to connect port 1 to port 2.
4. Plug the power cord back to the power socket
5. Wait at least 40 seconds before unplugging cables from port 1 and
port 2.
Note: After resetting the switch, every setting, including password and IP
address, will restore to the default value.
A-3
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TROUBLESHOOTING
A-4
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APPENDIX
B
CABLES
Twisted-Pair Cable and Pin Assignments
For 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX connections, a twisted-pair cable must have
two pairs of wires. For 1000BASE-T connections the twisted-pair cable
must have four pairs of wires. Each wire pair is identified by two different
colors. For example, one wire might be green and the other, green with
white stripes. Also, an RJ-45 connector must be attached to both ends of
the cable.
Caution: Each wire pair must be attached to the RJ-45 connectors in a
specific orientation.
Caution: DO NOT plug a phone jack connector into any RJ-45 port.
Use only twisted-pair cables with RJ-45 connectors that
conform with FCC standards.
Figure B-1 illustrates how the pins on the RJ-45 connector are numbered.
Be sure to hold the connectors in the same orientation when attaching the
wires to the pins.
8
8
1
1
Figure B-1 RJ-45 Connector Pin Numbers
B-1
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CABLES
10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Pin Assignments
Use unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable for
RJ-45 connections: 100-ohm Category 3 or better cable for 10 Mbps
connections, or 100-ohm Category 5 or better cable for 100 Mbps
connections. Also be sure that the length of any twisted-pair connection
does not exceed 100 meters (328 feet).
The RJ-45 ports on the switch base unit support automatic MDI/MDI-X
operation, so you can use straight-through cables for all network
connections to PCs or servers, or to other switches or hubs. In
straight-through cable, pins 1, 2, 3, and 6, at one end of the cable, are
connected straight through to pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 at the other end of the
cable. When using any RJ-45 port on the switch, you can use either
straight-through or crossover cable.
Table B-1 10/100BASE-TX MDI and MDI-X Port Pinouts
Pin
MDI Signal Name
MDI-X Signal Name
1
2
3
6
Transmit Data plus (TD+)
Transmit Data minus (TD-) Receive Data minus (RD-)
Receive Data plus (RD+)
Receive Data minus (RD-)
Not used
Receive Data plus (RD+)
Transmit Data plus (TD+)
Transmit Data minus (TD-)
Not used
4,5,7,8
Note: The “+” and “-” signs represent the polarity of the wires that
make up each wire pair.
B-2
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TWISTED-PAIR CABLE AND PIN ASSIGNMENTS
Straight-Through Wiring
If the twisted-pair cable is to join two ports and only one of the ports has
an internal crossover (MDI-X), the two pairs of wires must be
straight-through. (When auto-negotiation is enabled for any RJ-45 port on
the switch, you can use either straight-through or crossover cable to
connect to any device type.)
You must connect all four wire pairs as shown in the following diagram to
support Gigabit Ethernet connections.
EIA/TIA 568B RJ-45 Wiring Standard
10/100BASE-TX Straight-through Cable
White/Orange Stripe
Orange
White/Green Stripe
Blue
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
End A
End B
White/Blue Stripe
Green
White/Brown Stripe
Brown
Figure B-2 Straight-through Wiring
B-3
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CABLES
Crossover Wiring
If the twisted-pair cable is to join two ports and either both ports are
labeled with an “X” (indicating MDI-X) or neither port is labeled with an
“X” (which indicates MDI), a crossover must be implemented in the
wiring. (When auto-negotiation is enabled for any RJ-45 port on the
switch, you can use either straight-through or crossover cable to connect
to any device type.)
You must connect all four wire pairs as shown in the following diagram to
support Gigabit Ethernet connections.
EIA/TIA 568B RJ-45 Wiring Standard
10/100BASE-TX Crossover Cable
White/Orange Stripe
Orange
White/Green Stripe
Blue
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
End A
End B
White/Blue Stripe
Green
White/Brown Stripe
Brown
Figure B-3 Crossover Wiring
B-4
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TWISTED-PAIR CABLE AND PIN ASSIGNMENTS
1000BASE-T Pin Assignments
All 1000BASE-T ports support automatic MDI/MDI-X operation, so you
can use straight-through cables for all network connections to PCs or
servers, or to other switches or hubs.
The table below shows the 1000BASE-T MDI and MDI-X port pinouts.
These ports require that all four pairs of wires be connected. Note that for
1000BASE-T operation, all four pairs of wires are used for both transmit
and receive.
Use 100-ohm Category 5, 5e or 6 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or
shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable for 1000BASE-T connections. Also be
sure that the length of any twisted-pair connection does not exceed 100
meters (328 feet).
Table B-2 1000BASE-T MDI and MDI-X Port Pinouts
Pin
1
MDI Signal Name
MDI-X Signal Name
Bi-directional Data One Plus (BI_D1+)
Bi-directional Data One Minus (BI_D1-)
Bi-directional Data Two Plus (BI_D2+)
Bi-directional Data Three Plus (BI_D3+)
Bi-directional Data Two Plus (BI_D2+)
Bi-directional Data Two Minus (BI_D2-)
Bi-directional Data One Plus (BI_D1+)
Bi-directional Data Four Plus (BI_D4+)
2
3
4
Bi-directional Data Three Minus (BI_D3-) Bi-directional Data Four Minus (BI_D4-)
5
Bi-directional Data Two Minus (BI_D2-)
Bi-directional Data Four Plus (BI_D4+)
Bi-directional Data Four Minus (BI_D4-)
Bi-directional Data One Minus (BI_D1-)
Bi-directional Data Three Plus (BI_D3+)
Bi-directional Data Three Minus (BI_D3-)
6
7
8
Cable Testing for Existing Category 5 Cable
Installed Category 5 cabling must pass tests for Attenuation, Near-End
Crosstalk (NEXT), and Far-End Crosstalk (FEXT). This cable testing
information is specified in the ANSI/TIA/EIA-TSB-67 standard.
Additionally, cables must also pass test parameters for Return Loss and
Equal-Level Far-End Crosstalk (ELFEXT). These tests are specified in the
ANSI/TIA/EIA-TSB-95 Bulletin, “The Additional Transmission
Performance Guidelines for 100 Ohm 4-Pair Category 5 Cabling.”
B-5
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CABLES
Note that when testing your cable installation, be sure to include all patch
cables between switches and end devices.
Adjusting Existing Category 5 Cabling to Run 1000BASE-T
If your existing Category 5 installation does not meet one of the test
parameters for 1000BASE-T, there are basically three measures that can be
applied to try and correct the problem:
1. Replace any Category 5 patch cables with high-performance Category
5e or Category 6 cables.
2. Reduce the number of connectors used in the link.
3. Reconnect some of the connectors in the link.
Fiber Standards
The current TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) 568-A
specification on optical fiber cabling consists of one recognized cable type
for horizontal subsystems and two cable types for backbone subsystems.
Horizontal 62.5/125 micron multimode (two fibers per outlet).
Backbone 62.5/125 micron multimode or single mode.
TIA 568-B will allow the use of 50/125 micron multimode optical fiber in
both the horizontal and backbone in addition to the types listed above. All
optical fiber components and installation practices must meet applicable
building and safety codes.
B-6
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APPENDIX C
SPECIFICATIONS
Physical Characteristics
Ports
20 10/100/1000BASE-T, with auto-negotiation
4 10/100/1000BASE-T shared with 4 SFP transceiver slots.
Network Interface
Ports 1-24: RJ-45 connector, auto MDI/X
10BASE-T: RJ-45 (100-ohm, UTP cable; Category 3 or better)
100BASE-TX: RJ-45 (100-ohm, UTP cable; Category 5 or better)
1000BASE-T: RJ-45 (100-ohm, UTP or STP cable; Category 5, 5e, or 6)
*Maximum Cable Length - 100 m (328 ft)
Buffer Architecture
400 Kbytes
Aggregate Bandwidth
48 Gbps
Switching Database
8K MAC address entries, 1K static MAC addresses;
LEDs
System: Power
Port: Link/Act, 1000
Weight
3.72 kg (8.44 lbs)
C-1
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SPECIFICATIONS
Size
44.0 x 17.1 x 4.3 cm (17.0 x 6.7 x 1.7 in.)
Temperature
Operating: 0 to 40 °C (32 to 104 °F)
Storage: -40 to 70 °C (-40 to 158 °F)
Humidity
Operating: 10% to 90% (non-condensing)
AC Input
100 to 240 V, 50-60 Hz, 0.8 A
Power Supply
Internal, auto-ranging transformer: 100 to 240 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz
Power Consumption
28 Watts
Maximum Current
0.25 A @ 115 VAC
0.12 A @ 230 VAC
Switch Features
Forwarding Mode
Store-and-forward
Throughput
Wire speed
Management Features
In-Band Management
Web manager
C-2
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STANDARDS
Software Loading
HTTP in-band
Standards
IEEE 802.3-2005
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LAN
IEEE 802.1X, Port-Based Network Access Control, 2001
ISO/IEC 8802-3
Compliances
CE Mark
Emissions
FCC Class A
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SPECIFICATIONS
C-4
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GLOSSARY
10BASE-T
IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over two pairs of
Category 3 or better UTP cable.
100BASE-TX
IEEE 802.3u specification for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet over two pairs of
Category 5 or better UTP cable.
1000BASE-LX
IEEE 802.3z specification for Gigabit Ethernet over two strands of
50/125, 62.5/125 or 9/125 micron core fiber cable.
1000BASE-SX
IEEE 802.3z specification for Gigabit Ethernet over two strands of
50/125 or 62.5/125 micron core fiber cable.
1000BASE-T
IEEE 802.3ab specification for Gigabit Ethernet over 100-ohm Category
5 or 5e twisted-pair cable (using all four wire pairs).
1000BASE-ZX
Specification for long-haul Gigabit Ethernet over two strands of 9/125
micron core fiber cable.
Auto-Negotiation
Signalling method allowing each node to select its optimum operational
mode (e.g., speed and duplex mode) based on the capabilities of the node
to which it is connected.
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GLOSSARY
Bandwidth
The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies available for
network signals. Also synonymous with wire speed, the actual speed of the
data transmission along the cable.
Collision
A condition in which packets transmitted over the cable interfere with each
other. Their interference makes both signals unintelligible.
Collision Domain
Single CSMA/CD LAN segment.
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) is the
communication method employed by Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, or Gigabit
Ethernet.
End Station
A workstation, server, or other device that does not forward traffic.
Ethernet
A network communication system developed and standardized by DEC,
Intel, and Xerox, using baseband transmission, CSMA/CD access, logical
bus topology, and coaxial cable. The successor IEEE 802.3 standard
provides for integration into the OSI model and extends the physical layer
and media with repeaters and implementations that operate on fiber, thin
coax and twisted-pair cable.
Fast Ethernet
A 100 Mbps network communication system based on Ethernet and the
CSMA/CD access method.
Glossary-2
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GLOSSARY
Full Duplex
Transmission method that allows two network devices to transmit and
receive concurrently, effectively doubling the bandwidth of that link.
Gigabit Ethernet
A 1000 Mbps network communication system based on Ethernet and the
CSMA/CD access method.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
IEEE 802.3
Defines carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
access method and physical layer specifications.
IEEE 802.3ab
Defines CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications for
1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet. (Now incorporated in IEEE 802.3-2002.)
IEEE 802.3u
Defines CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications for
100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet. (Now incorporated in IEEE 802.3-2002.)
IEEE 802.3x
Defines Ethernet frame start and stop requests and timers used for flow
control on full-duplex links. (Now incorporated in IEEE 802.3-2002.)
IEEE 802.3z
Defines CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications for
1000BASE Gigabit Ethernet. (Now incorporated in IEEE 802.3-2005.)
LAN Segment
Separate LAN or collision domain.
Glossary-3
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GLOSSARY
Layer 2
Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This
is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes
on traffic based on MAC addresses.
LED
Light emitting diode used for monitoring a device or network condition.
Link Segment
Length of twisted-pair or fiber cable joining a pair of repeaters or a
repeater and a PC.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A group of interconnected computers and support devices.
Management Information Base (MIB)
An acronym for Management Information Base. It is a set of database
objects that contains information about the device.
Media Access Control (MAC)
A portion of the networking protocol that governs access to the
transmission medium, facilitating the exchange of data between network
nodes.
Modal Bandwidth
Bandwidth for multimode fiber is referred to as modal bandwidth because
it varies with the modal field (or core diameter) of the fiber. Modal
bandwidth is specified in units of MHz per km, which indicates the
amount of bandwidth supported by the fiber for a one km distance.
Network Diameter
Wire distance between two end stations in the same collision domain.
Glossary-4
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GLOSSARY
Redundant Power Supply (RPS)
A backup power supply unit that automatically takes over in case the
primary power supply should fail.
RJ-45 Connector
A connector for twisted-pair wiring.
Switched Ports
Ports that are on separate collision domains or LAN segments.
TIA
Telecommunications Industry Association
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Protocol suite that includes TCP as the primary transport protocol, and IP
as the network layer protocol.
UTP
Unshielded twisted-pair cable.
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same
collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point
in the network. A VLAN serves as a logical workgroup with no physical
barriers, allowing users to share information and resources as though
located on the same LAN.
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GLOSSARY
Glossary-6
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INDEX
Numerics
10 Mbps connectivity rules 4-7
100 Mbps connectivity rules 4-7
1000 Mbps connectivity rules 4-6
1000BASE-LX fiber cable lengths 4-7
1000BASE-SX fiber cable lengths 4-6
1000BASE-T
10 Mbps 4-7
1000 Mbps 4-6
contents of package 3-3
cooling problems A-2
pin assignments B-5
ports 1-3
1000BASE-ZX fiber cable lengths 4-7
100BASE-TX
cable lengths 4-7
D
ports 1-3
10BASE-T ports 1-3
10BASE-T/100BASE-TX pin
assignments B-2
E
electrical interference, avoiding 3-1
Ethernet connectivity rules 4-6, 4-7
A
adhesive feet, attaching 3-6
air flow requirements 3-1
applications
F
collapsed backbone 2-2
remote connections 2-3
VLAN connections 2-3, 2-5
features C-2
B
G
brackets, attaching 3-5
buffer size C-1
grounding for racks 3-4
C
I
cable
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet 1-5
Ethernet cable compatibility 3-2
labeling and connection records 4-8
lengths 4-7
IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet 1-5
IEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet 1-5
IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet 1-5
indicators, LED 1-3
cleaning fiber terminators 4-4
Index-1
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INDEX
installation
P
connecting devices to the switch 4-2
desktop or shelf mounting 3-6
port connections 4-1
power requirements 3-1
problems A-2
passwords
administrator setting 5-15
rack mounting 3-3
site requirements 3-1
wiring closet connections 4-7
IP address
100BASE-TX/10BASE-T B-2
port, statistics 5-9
ports, connecting to 4-1
power, connecting to 3-8
problems, troubleshooting A-1
setting 5-14
L
laser safety 4-4
LC port connections 4-4
LED indicators
Power 1-4
rear panel receptacles 1-5
problems A-1
location requirements 3-1
pinouts B-5
rubber foot pads, attaching 3-6
M
main menu 5-4
management
agent 1-2
screws for rack mounting 3-3
site selelction 3-1
SNMP agent 1-2
specifications
compliances C-2, C-3
environmental C-2
physical C-1
features 1-6, C-2, C-3
SNMP 1-2
mounting the switch
in a rack 3-3
on a desktop or shelf 3-6
power C-2
standards
compliance C-3
IEEE C-3
statistics
N
network
connections 4-1
examples 2-2
port 5-9
status LEDs 1-3
surge suppressor, using 3-1
Index-2
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INDEX
switch architecture 1-2
switching, introduction to 2-1
V
tagging 2-5
T
temperature within a rack 3-4
troubleshooting
W
in-band access A-2
Web interface
power and cooling problems A-2
switch indicators A-1
twisted-pair connections 4-1
access requirements 5-1
configuration buttons 5-3
home page 5-2
menu list 5-4
panel display 5-3
U
user password 5-15
Index-3
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INDEX
Index-4
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GSW-2476
E082006-JC-R01
150000022600H
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