Leica GPS Receiver GSI16 User Manual

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GPS System 500  
Getting Started with the Format Manager  
Version 1.1  
English  
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Chapter Overview  
5
Introduction  
9
An Overview of Format Manager  
12  
23  
33  
38  
43  
46  
Quick Tour I - Creating a Report Style Output  
Quick Tour II - Creating a Leica GSI16 Output for use with Thematical Coding  
Quick Tour II - Creating a Leica GSI16 Output for use with Free Coding  
Appendix A - The Formatting Options for Export Variables  
Appendix B - The Setting Options  
Appendix C - Frequently asked questions  
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Chapter Overview  
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Contents  
Quick Tour III- Creating a Leica GSI16 Output  
Introduction to this book .............................. 5  
What is a format file? ................................................... 5  
What is the Format Manager? ...................................... 6  
Starting and exiting the Format Manager ....................... 7  
for use with Free Coding ........................... 33  
Lesson One - Creating the Export Formatstring - Code  
Information ..................................................................35  
LessonTwo-CreatingtheExportFormatstring-  
An Overview of Format Manager.................. 9  
Coordinate Information .................................................36  
Views .........................................................................10  
Appendix A - The Formatting Options for  
Quick Tour I - Creating a Report Style Output  
Export Variables .......................................... 38  
Settings .....................................................................39  
Flags ..........................................................................42  
...................................................................... 12  
Lesson One - Creating the Header and Footer ..............13  
LessonTwo-CreatingtheBlockTitles ........................15  
Lesson Three - Creating the Export Formatstrings output .  
..................................................................................15  
Appendix B - The Setting Options.............. 43  
Scales........................................................................43  
Units ..........................................................................44  
Defaultvalues .............................................................44  
Quick Tour II - Creating a Leica GSI16 Output  
for use with Thematical Coding ................ 23  
Lesson One - Creating the Export Formatstring - Code  
Information ..................................................................25  
LessonTwo-CreatingtheExportFormatstring-  
Appendix C - Frequently Asked Questions ...  
...................................................................... 46  
Coordinate Information .................................................29  
4
Contents  
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What is a format file?  
Introduction to this book  
The aim of this book is to help users in getting started with using the  
A format file is quite simply a "mask" or "filter" which allows  
Format Manager software to create format files (.frt files) that can be surveyed GPS data to be exported in any format as an ASCII text file.  
used with Leica GPS System 500.  
The format file can be used both in SKI-Pro and on the System 500  
sensor.  
The best way to learn how to use the Format Manager is to actually  
generate format files. There are 3 "Quick Tours" in this book which  
are step by step tutorials explaining how to create the following 3  
different format files:  
For example one user may wish to export post processed data from  
SKI-Pro in a standard Leica GSI16 format. A second user wishes to  
export RTK data from the sensor in a "Report Style" format.  
Ø Quick Tour I -  
Report Style format file  
Using the appropriate format file, the export of any data from the  
sensor and SKI-Pro into both these formats is possible. It is thus  
easily possible to build up a library of many different output formats.  
Ø Quick Tour II -  
Leica GSI16 output format file using  
thematical coding  
Each format file needs only to be created once and the same format  
file can be used on both the sensor and with SKI-Pro.  
Ø Quick Tour III - Leica GSI16 output format file using  
free coding  
It is recommended that you complete all of these Quick  
Tours. What you learn in Quick Tour I you will need to  
use in Quick Tours II and III.  
After completing these Quick Tours you should be able to appreciate  
the flexibility of format files and be able to create a format file for  
almost any output type you need.  
For example, it is possible to create both common output formats  
such as a Geodimeter type format or a Sokkia SDR33 format and an  
unlimited number of unique "report" style formats.  
Any surveyed data can be used with these format files. However,  
sample data is provided on the SKI-Pro CD which can be used with  
each of the Quick Tour format files.  
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Introduction to this book  
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What is the Format Manager?  
The Format Manager is the software that is used to create the format  
files. It is automatically installed onto your PC when you install SKI-  
Pro. You do not require a software protection key (dongle) to use the  
Format Manager.  
If you have not yet installed SKI-Pro on your PC, please refer to the  
Getting Started with SKI-Pro user manual for installation  
instructions.  
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Introduction to this book  
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Starting and exiting the Format Manager  
To start Format Manager:  
ØFrom the WindowsTM Start bar, click Programs  
ØSelect SKI-Pro  
To create a new format file:  
Upon starting the Format Manager, you can choose to create a new  
format file or open an existing format file.  
ØTo create a new format file, ensure that GPS500 is chosen as the  
Instrument Class and then click OK.  
ØSelect Format Manager  
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To exit Format Manager:  
Firstly ensure any changes you have made to a format file are  
saved.  
ØFrom the File menu click Exit or click on the  
icon of the Format  
manager main window.  
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Introduction to this book  
An Overview of Format Manager  
Format Manager runs on 32-bit Microsoft WindowsTM 95,98 or NT  
platforms. It is based on standard WindowsTM operating procedures  
and is therefore very easy to learn and to use  
The Menu options and Toolbar are used to navigate through the  
software.  
The Format Manager screen is divided into 3 sections - the Tree-  
View, the Edit-View and the Format String Preview sections.  
The size of each section can be adjusted by clicking and dragging  
the Section Separators.  
Menu options  
Toolbar  
Edit-View  
Tree-View  
Section Separators  
Format String  
Preview  
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Views  
Edit-View:  
Tree-View:  
After selecting a Header data block or an Export Formatstring  
from the tree view, the data that should be exported for that Header  
data block or an Export Formatstring is entered in the Edit-View.  
The tree view provides an overview of all the Header data blocks  
and all Export Formatstrings in an expandable hierachy of books  
and pages  
Double click on an item or click  
If an item is open, double click on it or click  
.
The Edit-View is basically similar to any text editor. Any text that is  
required to be included in the output file needs to be entered here.  
to expand it.  
to close it.  
In addition, if an Export Formatstring page is selected from the  
Tree-View then the Insert export variable dialog box appears.  
This allows any variables that are to be exported to be chosen.  
If a Header data block or an Export Formatstring contains data  
then the page is shown thus:  
Insert export variable dialog box  
Tree-View  
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An Overview of Format Manager  
Format String Preview:  
The Format String Preview section is simply a preview screen. It  
allows you to see how the text and export variables will look  
when the format file is used. No data can be entered in this screen.  
Example of how the Views may look  
whilst working in the Format Manager:  
In the Edit-View a mix of some text and  
export variables has been entered  
The Insert export  
variable dialog box  
is active because an  
Export Format  
String is selected in  
the Tree-View  
In the Tree-View the  
Fixpoint Export Format  
String has been selected  
In the Format String Preview you can see  
how the output data would appear when this  
format string is used  
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An Overview of Format Manager  
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Quick Tour I - Creating a Report Style Output  
This Quick Tour is a step-by-step tutorial to create a format file that  
will output data in a "report style" format.  
The following output is required:  
Header  
Block Titles  
Export Formatstrings  
Footer  
Note also the following characteristics of this format file:  
This format file has the following sections:  
Ÿ All the Export Formatstrings are left aligned.  
Ÿ Header information appearing only once at the head of the report.  
Ÿ A Block Title appears once over the actual surveyed data output.  
Ÿ The Coordinate values are output to 3dp but the CQ values are  
output to 2dp.  
Ÿ Export Formatstrings (the surveyed data) arranged in tab  
delimited columns.  
Ÿ There are 2 blank lines between the Header and the Block Titles  
and two blank lines between the Export Formatstrings and the  
Footer.  
Ÿ Footer information appearing only once at the end of the report.  
Ÿ Point TP306 was not coded when it was surveyed. In the output  
above, it is given a "default value" of NULL.  
A format file does not always have to include a  
Header, Block Titles or a Footer.  
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Quick Tour I - Creating a Report Style Output  
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Lesson One - Creating the Header and Footer  
In Leson One you will learn how to create the header and footer for  
the format file.  
ØIn the Tree-View open the Header folder  
and then the General folder.  
ØSelect the File Header page.  
Start-up the Format Manager:  
ØFrom the WindowsTM Start bar, click Programs, SKI-Pro and then  
click on Format Manager.  
The Format file type dialog box  
appears.  
Click in the Edit-View section and enter the text for the first line of the  
header.  
ØClick OK to create a GPS500 new  
format file.  
ØType the words Company Name and then then press Tab on your  
keyboard 7 times. Then type the words Company Address and  
then press Enter.  
The main Format Manager window appears.  
As you enter text in the Edit-View, the same text can be  
seen in the Formatstring-Preview section. Remember,  
you cannot enter text in this section - it is a preview  
screen of what is currently shown in the Edit-View.  
A space is shown as a and a tab is shown as a  
the Edit-View.  
in  
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ØUnderline the words Company Name and Company Address using = ØSelect the File Footer page.  
to underline the text. Press ENTER after entering the last =.  
ØEnter the rest of the header text. Enter 4 tabs before the words  
RTK Survey Report to centre this text. Press ENTER after the last  
=.  
Note how the File Header  
page has become grey to  
show that there is data  
entered for this page.  
ØPress ENTER 2 more times. This will put two empty lines before the  
text which will follow.  
Click in the Edit-View section and enter the text for the footer.  
ØPress ENTER twice. This will put two empty lines after the data that  
will be output and before the footer text.  
ØEnter 4 tabs and then type the words End of Data.  
You have now completed the header for this format file. We will now  
enter the footer details.  
You have completed the footer for this format file. We will now  
create the Block Titles.  
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Lesson Two - Creating the Block Titles  
Lesson Three - Creating the Export Formatstrings output  
A Block Title is text that will appear as a  
"title" above any surveyed data that will  
be output as Export Formatstrings.  
The Export Formatstrings are the actual surveyed data values that  
are required to output. For this format file we need to output the  
following export variables:  
ØIn the Tree-View open the Blocks  
folder and then select the Fixpoint (TPS/  
GPS) page.  
Ÿ Point ID  
Ÿ Coordinates - easting, northing and ellipsoidal height  
Ÿ Code ID  
Ÿ 3D Coordinate Quality  
Click in the Edit-View section and enter the text for the block title.  
An Export Formatstring can consist of both variables  
and text.  
ØEnter the text as shown below and then press ENTER. Use the - to  
underline the text.  
ØPress ENTER at the end of the last - . This will ensure the Export  
Formatstrings are output on a new line.  
ØIn the Tree-View open the Export Formatstrings folder and then  
open the Fixpoint (TPS/GPS) folder.  
ØSelect the Fixpoint  
Exportstring.  
Note there are two tabs between Easting and  
Northing and Height and Code. This is to space the  
output data correctly.  
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When you select an Export Formatstring, the Insert  
export variable dialog box becomes active. This  
allows the different variables you need for a format file  
to be chosen.  
Export Variables that have been selected are shown  
in the Edit-View with << >> brackets.  
For this format file, we only require 6 characters of the point ID to be  
output. (No point ID in our surveyed data has more than 6  
The first variable needed in this format file is the Point ID (Target)  
characters). We also require the point ID data to be left aligned.  
variable.  
ØDouble click on the Point ID (Target) export variable in the Edit-  
View. The Formatting options for export variable dialog box will  
appear.  
ØScroll the list box to find the Point ID  
(Target) variable. Select this variable either  
by double clicking on it, or by highlighting it  
and then pressing Insert.  
The Point Id (Target) variable will appear in the Edit-View.  
In the Format String Preview screen you can see how this  
variable will look when the format file is used (Format Manager uses  
a dummy point ID value).  
Note that because Point ID (Target) is a String (text)  
variable, the Representation, Sign, and Alternate  
Format options are grey. These settings only apply to  
Floating Point (numerical) variables such as grid or  
geodetic coordinates.  
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ØSelect the Alignment to be  
We now need to enter the coordinate variables.  
Left.  
ØClick in the Edit-View screen to put the cursor behind <<Point ID  
ØChoose the Length to be 6  
(Target)>> variable.  
and the Precision to be 6.  
ØEnter a tab which will separate the <<Point ID (Target)>> export  
ØClick OK.  
variable from the easting export variable.  
The example point ID in the Format String Preview screen will now  
apppear as left aligned with only 6 characters.  
Before entering the coordinate variables, we should consider  
something.  
Previously, after we had entered the variable <<Point ID (Target)>>  
we then had to set the alignment and the length and precision by  
using the Formatting options for export variable dialog box.  
A full description of using the Default settings for  
variables dialog box is given in Appendix A of this  
manual.  
This was because the default settings for alignment, length and  
precision were not as we required.  
It is possible to set the default settings for a newly selected variable.  
This would then mean we do not have to set the format settings  
individually for each of the coordinate export variables.  
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If you require these settings also to be applied to  
subsequently created format files, select the Apply to  
every new format option.  
ØFrom the Options menu or from the Toolbar select Defaults  
The following dialog appears - these are the current output settings  
that will be applied to any variable which is selected:  
ØEnsure the Apply to every new format option is selected.  
ØClick OK.  
We can now enter the easting, northing and height export variables.  
ØFrom the Insert export variable dialog  
box insert Target (East).  
However, the next 3 variables we will enter will be easting,  
northing and height. For these 3 variables we require the same  
format settings: Alignment to be left, the length to be 12 and the  
precision to be 3.  
ØEnter a tab.  
ØFrom the Insert export variable dialog  
box insert Target (North).  
ØEnter a tab.  
ØEdit the settings to those shown below.  
ØFrom the Insert export variable dialog box insert Local  
Ellipsoidal Height.  
ØEnter a tab.  
Ensure you choose the Local Ellipsoidal Height  
export variable not the Target (Elev) export variable.  
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If you select a wrong export variable, put the cursor to the right of  
that export variable by clicking just behind it and press Backspace.  
This will delete that export variable.  
We now need to choose the Code ID export variable. This is stored  
in the Code data block type.  
You should now see the following:  
To make export variables easier to find in the Insert  
export variables dialog box, they are sorted into  
different data block types. For example all code  
information is stored in the Code (TPS/GPS) data block  
type whereas all quality information is stored in the  
Quality information (GPS) data block type.  
Put the cursor behind the Local Ellipsoidal Height export variable  
and the tab by clicking in the Edit-View.  
ØDouble click on Local Ellipsoidal Height. The Formatting  
options for export variable dialog box will show the default  
settings you have previously set to be the default.  
ØFrom the Insert export variable dialog box select the Datablock-  
Type to be Code (TPS/GPS).  
ØClick Cancel.  
To output a Local Ellipsoidal Height in a format file, use  
the Local Ellipsoidal Height export variable. For this  
format file we need the local ellipsoidal height. This is  
because the sample data we will use with this format  
file has local ellipsoidal heights, not orthometric  
heights.  
ØScroll the Available variable list box to  
find Code ID. Double click on the Code  
ID or highlight the variable and click  
Insert.  
To output a local orthometric height in a format file, use  
the Target (Elev) export variable.  
ØEnter a tab.  
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The format settings for the Code ID export variable are however  
again different to those we have previously set to be default. Thus  
we need to edit the format settings for the Code ID export variable.  
Because this is the final export variable we need to enter a carriage  
return at the end of the line. This will ensure the information for each  
point will start on a new line.  
ØDouble click on the Code ID to activate the Formatting options  
ØPress Enter.  
for export variable dialog box.  
ØSelect the Alignment to be Left.  
ØChoose the Length to be 4 and the Precision to be 4.  
ØClick OK.  
The format settings are again different to those we have previously  
set to be default and need to be changed for the code ID.  
ØDouble click on the 3D Coordinate Quality to activate the  
Formatting options for export variable dialog box.  
You should now see the following:  
ØEnsure the Alignment is set to be Left.  
ØChange the Length to be 5 and the Precision to be 2.  
ØClick OK.  
You should now see the following:  
The final export variable to enter is the 3D Coordinate Quality.  
ØFrom the Insert export variable  
dialog box choose data block type  
Quality information (GPS) and the  
export variable.  
ØDouble click on the 3D Coordinate  
Quality or highlight the variable and click  
Insert.  
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It is of course possible to use this format file with surveyed points  
that were not coded. For these points, a default value would be  
assigned to these points.  
It is also possible to change the default values for  
Floating-Point variables (such as coordinate values)  
and Integer variables (such as angular values). Refer  
to Appendix B for a complete description of the use of  
the Settings dialog box.  
It is possible to edit the default values that are assigned to points that  
do not contain data for the export variables that are being used.  
The export formatstring and the format file is now complete and  
needs to be saved.  
ØFrom the Options menu or from the Toolbar select Formats  
.
The following dialog box will appear. Select the Default values tab.  
This shows the current default settings.  
ØFrom the File menu choose Save as...  
ØChoose the directory where you wish to save this format file. Give  
the format file a file name and click OK. The .frt extension is  
automatically added.  
ØChange the String default value to be NULL.  
It is recommended that all format files are stored in the  
same directory.  
This means that when this format file is used, any point surveyed  
without a code will be given the value NULL.  
ØClick OK.  
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Congratulations! You have created a Report Style format file that  
can be used with either SKI-Pro or on board the System 500 sensor.  
When you export the sample data using this format file, you should  
see the following output. If you do not, check the format file to  
identify the problem.  
It is recommended that you use the Real Time sample data to test this  
format file. Import this sample data into SKI-Pro and then export the  
data using this format file.  
If you are not sure how to use the format file in SKI-Pro, please refer  
to the Quick Tour I in the Getting Started with SKI-Pro user  
manual.  
When you installed SKI-Pro, the sample data should have been  
installed on your PC in the directory:  
The best way to test a format file is to use any sample  
data and inspect the output. The format file can then be  
edited until you are satisfied with the output.  
\SkiPro\Data\SampleData\Sys500\Realtime\.  
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Quick Tour II - Creating a Leica GSI16 Output for use with Thematical Coding  
Quick Tour II is a step-by-step tutorial to create a format file that will  
output data in the standard Leica GSI16 format for use with  
thematically coded data.  
A brief overview of the differences between  
Thematical and Free Coding  
Thematical coding means that when a point is coded in the  
field, the code information is directly connected to that  
Quick Tour II follows on from what you have learnt in  
surveyed point - it is a "property" of the point. For this reason,  
Quick Tour I. If you have not yet completed Quick Tour I,  
the code export variables have to be entered into the Fixpoint  
it is recommended that you do so.  
(TPS/GPS) Export Formatstring.  
When thematically coded points are exported with this format  
file, any code information connected with the surveyed points  
Note, this format file can only be used with data that has been coded  
is also output.  
using Thematical coding. This format file could not be used with  
data that was surveyed using Free coding. No code information  
would be output.  
Thematically coded data can be sorted by time or  
point ID when exported from SKI-Pro or the sensor.  
A GSI16 format file that can be used with data that has been coded  
with Free Coding will be created in Quick Tour III.  
Free coding means that when a code is selected in the field,  
that code is given only a time stamp. It is not connected directly  
to any surveyed point. For this reason, the code export  
variables have to be entered into the Code (TPS/GPS) Export  
Formatstring. When free coded survey data is exported it  
must be sorted by time.  
A brief overview of the differences between Thematical and Free  
coding is given here. For a full description, please refer to Chapter 8  
of the System 500 Technical Reference Manual which can be  
found on the SKI-Pro CD.  
When the data is exported, both the codes and the surveyed  
points will be exported in exactly the same chronological order  
in which they were collected in the field.  
Free coded data must be sorted by time when  
exported from SKI-Pro or the sensor.  
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The output shown below is required.  
In this format, the Export Formatstrings consist of both text and  
export variables. For each point, the code data is output on one line  
and then the point ID and coordinate data is output immediately on the  
following line.  
Incrementing  
Code ID  
Attributes 1,2 and 3  
block number  
Code data  
Point ID and  
coordinates  
Point ID  
Easting  
Northing  
Height  
Ÿ The length of the output variables must always be exactly 16. If the  
surveyed data contains less than 16 characters for any variable then  
the "fill" character must be 0. If the surveyed data that is output using  
this format file contains more than 16 characters, then the data must  
be truncated.  
Note also the following characteristics of this format file:  
Ÿ This format file does not include a Header, Block Titles or a  
Footer. It contains only one Export Formatstring.  
Ÿ The Coordinate values are output in mm values and contain no  
decimal point.  
Ÿ Attributes 2 and 3 for points p00003 to p00005 were not given a  
value when surveyed. In the output above, they are given a "default  
value" of 0.  
Ÿ All variables are right aligned.  
Ÿ Each line contains an incrementing number - the GSI block  
number  
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Lesson One - Creating the Export Formatstring - Code Information  
Choose to create a new format file.  
The first part of the code line is the text *41. This is not an export  
variable, but simply text.  
ØFrom the File menu or from the Toolbar select New  
ØEnter the text *41.  
ØClick OK to create a standard GPS 500 format file.  
ØExpand the tree view and select the Fixpoint (TPS/GPS)  
Exportstring.  
The next part of the code line is an incrementing block number. This is  
effectively a line counter which increases by 1 for each line that is  
output.  
ØFrom the Insert export variable list box, choose Blocknumber  
(GSI).  
We will enter the code export variables into the  
Fixpoint (TPS/GPS) Export Formartstring because this  
format file is for use with data surveyed using  
Thematical coding.  
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ØDouble click on the variable to access the Formatting options  
The remainder of the export variables in this line are the Code ID and  
for export variable dialog box.  
Attribute values 1, 2 and 3 all have the same format.  
ØSet the format options as shown below.  
They are all Right aligned, with a Length of 16, a Precision of 0  
and use the Fill Character of 0.  
Remember that it is possible to set the default format values for  
export variables.  
ØFrom the Options menu or from the Toolbar select Defaults  
ØSet the format options as shown below. Ensure to click the Use  
for every new format option.  
Note that when you choose to right align a variable you  
can choose between a space or zero as the fill  
character. For GSI formats, the fill character will  
always be zero.  
ØClick OK.  
The next character is a + sign immediately after the Blocknumber  
(GSI) export variable.  
Instead of setting the length of the variable to be 16,  
you could also set the length of the variable to be 8 and  
then enter 00000000 as text. The output would be  
exactly the same.  
ØEnter a +.  
26  
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We must also ensure that the number of characters output for any  
export variable is never more than 16. GSI16 format does not allow  
any export variable to be greater than 16 characters in length. We  
must therefore set the truncate flag.  
As mentioned at the beginning of the Quick Tour, any "gaps" in GSI16  
format must be filled with a 0. This means that we must ensure 0 is  
output for the points where codes or attribute values are not  
available.  
ØSelect the Flags tab view and tick the Truncate value option as  
shown below.  
ØFrom the Options menu or from the Toolbar select Formats  
.
ØSelect the Default values tab. Change the settings to those  
shown below.  
ØSet the format options as shown below. Ensure to click the Use  
for every new format option.  
This means that when this format file is used, any point without a  
code or attribute value, the code and attribute output will be 0.  
ØClick OK.  
ØClick OK  
A full description of using the Default settings for  
variables dialog box is given in Appendix A of this  
manual.  
A full description of using the Settings dialog box is  
given in Appendix B of this manual.  
27  
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ØFrom the Insert export variable list box, choose Code ID.  
Remember to select the Code (TPS/GPS) Datablock-Type first.  
ØEnter a space and then the text 42....+  
Complete the rest of the code line as shown below. Ensure you  
select the Attribute value export variables, not the Attribute  
Name export variable.  
All GSI16 output requires a space at the end of the line.  
ØAt the end of the line enter a space and then press Enter.  
28  
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Lesson Two - Creating the Export Formatstring - Coordinate Information  
The first part of the coordinate line is the same as the code line. It  
The next part of the line is the coordinate variables.  
again consists of text and the Blocknumber (GSI).  
For metric formats, the GSI format allows no decimal point in the  
output string which means the coordinates have to be output in mm.  
However, the coordinate data that will be output from SKI-Pro or the  
sensor will be in metres. It is therefore necessary to scale the  
coordinate values by 1000.  
ØEnter the text *11 and the Blocknumber (GSI) as described for  
the code line in Lesson One.  
Remember to set the format settings for the blocknumber as in  
Lesson One.  
ØFrom the Options menu or from the Toolbar select Formats  
.
The Setting dialog box will appear. Ensure the Scales tab view is  
selected.  
It is possible here to enter 4 differerent scale values for  
Angular, Linear, Temperature and Pressure type  
export variable. (Normally, GPS users would only be  
interested in scaling linear export variables such as  
coordinate values or baseline lengths).  
ØEnter a + as text.  
The next part of the line is the Point ID (Target). Enter the Point ID  
(Target) export variable as shown below.  
ØChange the Linear scale to be 1000.  
ØClick OK.  
29  
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A length of 17 is required because the sign of the export variable is  
included in the export variable. Thus we will have 16 actual numeric  
characters for the coordinate value and one character for the sign.  
We now need to define the Formatting options for the coordinate  
export variables.  
Since the easting, northing and height will all have exactly the same  
settings, it is more efficient to set the default format settings that will  
be applied to every subsequently selected export variable than to  
enter each export variable and then individually set the format  
settings for each variable.  
A precision of 0 is required because we do not want a decimal  
point or any decimal values in the output.  
ØSet the Length to 17 and the Precision to 0.  
ØFrom the Options menu or from the Toolbar select Defaults  
Set the format options as shown below.  
Notice that we have set the length of the output to be 17. However,  
if the actual length of the coordinate value that is output contains only  
12 characters then the "missing" characters need to be filled. The  
choice is to fill with either 0 or spaces. For a GSI format the spaces  
need to be filled with 0.  
ØSet the Fill character to be 0.  
ØEnsure to select the Use for every new format option.  
It is quite possible that a coordinate system could be used that may  
produce negative values for any of the coordinate values. For this  
reason the correct sign must always be included in the output.  
ØChoose Always for the Sign.  
30  
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ØEnter the remainder of the coordinate line as shown below. Do not  
enter the + charcter as text. Remember this will be output as part of  
the coordinate export variable itself.  
ØSelect the Flags tab view.  
ØEnsure the Allow scaling option is selected.  
This option means that any real or integer type export variable  
(coordinates, baselines, angular values...) will be scaled by the  
appropriate factor that was entered in the Scales dialog box. In this  
example, the coordinate values will be scaled by 1000.  
ØAt the end of the line enter a space and press ENTER  
The export formatstring and the format file is now complete and  
needs to be saved.  
ØFrom the File menu choose Save as...  
ØGive this format file a file name and click OK. The .frt extension is  
automatically added.  
Ensure that the Truncate value flag that we set for  
the code export variables is still selected.  
ØClick OK.  
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Congratulations! You have created a GSI16 format file that can be  
used with either SKI-Pro or on board the System 500 sensor.  
It is recommended that you use the Thematically Coded sample  
data to test this format file. Import this sample data into SKI-Pro and  
then export the data using this format file.  
When you installed SKI-Pro, the Thematical sample data should  
have been installed on your PC in:  
\SkiPro\Data\SampleData\Sys500\Thematic Coded\.  
When this sample data is exported using this format file, you should  
see the following output. If you do not, carefully check the format file  
to identify the problem.  
The best way to test a format file is to use any sample  
data and inspect the output. The format file can then be  
edited until you are satisfied with the output.  
32  
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Quick Tour III- Creating a Leica GSI16 Output for use with Free Coding  
Quick Tour III is a brief tutorial to create a format file that will output  
data in the standard Leica GSI16 format for use with free coded  
data. The actual creation and the export variables used for this  
format file is virtually identical to the format file we have just created  
in Quick Tour II.  
There is only one difference between this format file for use with  
free coding and the format file created in Quick Tour II for use with  
thematical coding.  
With this format file, the code export variables are entered into the  
Code (TPS/GPS) Exportstring. With the format file created in Quick  
Tour II, the code export variables were entered into the Fixpoint  
(TPS/GPS) Exportstring.  
Quick Tour III follows on from what you have learnt in  
Quick Tours I and II. If you have not yet completed  
Quick Tours I and II, it is recommended that you do  
so.  
Note, this format file can only be used with data that has been coded  
using Free coding. This format file could not be used with data that  
was surveyed using Thematical coding. No code information  
would be output.  
We have already created a GSI16 format file that can be used with  
data that has been thematically coded in Quick Tour II.  
For a brief description of the differences between Thematical and  
Free coding, refer to Quick Tour II. For a full description, please refer  
to Chapter 8 of the System 500 Technical Reference Manual  
which can be found on the SKI-Pro CD.  
33  
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The output shown below is required.  
Note here that the code road was only entered once, immediately  
before point p00003 was surveyed. Most CAD pakages will  
interperate that subsequent points (p00004 to p00005) will also use  
this code until a new code is entered. This is the correct way to  
survey with free codes.  
Code ID  
Attributes 1,2 and 3  
Incrementing  
block number  
Code data  
Point ID and  
coordinates  
Point ID  
Easting  
Northing  
Height  
The characteristics of this format file are identical to the format file  
created in Quick Tour II:  
Ÿ The length of the output variables must always be exactly 16. If the  
surveyed data contains less than 16 characters for any variable then  
the "fill" character must be 0. If the surveyed data that is output using  
this format file contains more than 16 characters, then the data must  
be truncated.  
Ÿ This format file does not include a Header, Block Titles or a  
Footer. It contains only two Export Formatstrings.  
Ÿ The Coordinate values are output in mm values and contain no  
decimal point.  
Ÿ Attributes 2 and 3 for the code road were not given a value when  
surveyed. In the output above, they are given a "default value" of 0.  
Ÿ All variables are right aligned.  
Ÿ Each line contains an incrementing number - the GSI block  
number  
34  
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Lesson One - Creating the Export Formatstring - Code Information  
Choose to create a new format file.  
To enter the code and attribute export variables, repeat exactly what  
we did for Lesson One of Quick Tour II. Refer back to this lesson if  
necessary.  
ØFrom the File menu or from the Toolbar select New  
ØClick OK to create a standard GPS 500 format file.  
Note, that when you activate the Formatting options  
for export variable dialog box, many of the settings  
will be correct. This is because we ticked the Use for  
every new format option in Quick Tour II.  
To create the export formatstring for the code information, repeat  
exactly what you did in Lesson One of Quick Tour II. The only  
difference is to enter the code information into the Code (TPS/GPS)  
Exportstring.  
After creating the code information export formartstring, you should  
see the following.  
We will enter the code export variables into the Code  
(TPS/GPS) Export Formartstring because this format  
file is for use with data surveyed using Free coding.  
ØExpand the tree view and select the Code (TPS/GPS)  
Exportstring.  
35  
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Lesson Two - Creating the Export Formatstring - Coordinate Information  
We now need to enter the coordinate information. Again, this is  
identical to what we did in Lesson Two of Quick Tour II.  
After creating the coordinate information export formartstring, you  
should see the following.  
ØExpand the tree view and select the Fixpoint (TPS/GPS)  
Exportstring.  
Once you have completed entering the coordinate information, save  
the format file.  
To create the export formatstring for the coordinate information,  
repeat exactly what you did in Lesson One of Quick Tour II. Refer  
back to this lesson if necessary.  
36  
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It is recommended that you use the Free Coded sample data to test  
this format file. Import this sample data into SKI-Pro and then export  
the data using this format file.  
When you installed SKI-Pro, the Free Coded sample data should  
have been installed on your PC in:  
\SkiPro\Data\SampleData\Sys500\Free Coded\  
When this sample data is exported using this format file, you should  
see the following output. If you do not, carefully check the format file  
to identify the problem.  
If you do not see any code information, it is possible  
that you have selected in the export setting options in  
SKI-Pro to sort the data by Point Id. Export the data  
again, this time sorting by Time.  
37  
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Appendix A - The Formatting Options for Export Variables  
This Appendix describes the different format options that are  
possible using the Formatting Options for Export Variables  
dialog box. Double click on any export variable to access this dialog  
box.  
It is possible to set the default Formatting Options for Export  
Variables. From the Options menu or from the Toolbar select  
Defaults  
.
The use of the options within this dialog box allows a large number  
of different output formats to be created.  
You can then define the formatting options that will be applied to  
every subsequently selected export variable for that particular  
format file.  
As mentioned in Quick Tour I only all format options are available if  
the selected export variable is a Floating point export variable. This  
type of variable normally contains a decimal point and a decimal  
value. An example of such an export variable is Coordinate  
(Easting).  
Additionally, if you wish those formatting options to also be applied  
and used in every subsequent format file you create, you should  
select the Use for every new format option.  
If the export variable is a String (text) variable or an Integer  
variable then not all format options are available. An example of a  
String variable is a Point ID. An example of an Integer variable is  
the degree part of the Latitude of a point.  
In the following descriptions of each format option it is stated if that  
option is applicable to String and/or Integer export variables.  
38  
Appendix A - The Formatting Options for Export Variables  
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Settings  
This section describes the options that are available on the Settings  
tab view of the Formatting options for export variables dialog  
box.  
Representation  
The representation allows a decimal or an exponential representation  
to be chosen. Does not apply to String and Integer export  
variables.  
Example (using Easting of 609.173):  
Normal -  
609.173  
Exp. basis e -  
Exp. basis E -  
6.092e+02  
6.092E+02  
Sign  
The sign controls if a sign (+ or -) will be output with the export  
variable. Does not apply to String export variables.  
Alignment  
Example 1 (using Easting of 123456.123):  
The alignment defines the orientation of the string within the defined  
string length. Applies also to String and Integer export variables.  
Only negative - 123456.123  
Example (using Point ID of 12345678):  
Always -  
+123456.123  
Left alignment -  
12345678  
12345678  
Right alignment -  
Example 2 (using Easting of -123456.123):  
Only negative - -123456.123  
Always -  
-123456.123  
39  
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Appendix A - The Formatting Options for Export Variables  
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Examples (using Point ID of 12345678):  
Alternate Format  
This is a functionality which may be introduced in the future. It has no  
function at the present time.  
Length  
Precision  
Truncation  
Output  
12345678  
45678  
00123  
00123  
12345  
12345  
1234567  
34567  
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
0
3
3
5
5
7
7
No  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
No  
Yes  
Length  
Defines the minimum length of the output. This length includes the  
sign (if selected to use) and the decimal point. Applies also to String  
and Integer export variables.  
Length 0 is not allowed. Maximum length is 20.  
It can be seen that using the correct length, precision and the  
truncation flag, any output can be achieved.  
See below in the description of Precision for examples of using the  
length.  
Note how a precision of 0 does not set the maximum  
length - the whole string is output (truncated if the  
truncation flag is set).  
Precision  
If the length is greater than the precision, the remaining  
spaces are filled with the fill character.  
This has different meaning for String and Integer variables and  
Floating point variables.  
Floating point variables: Precision defines the number of decimal  
places of the output. The examples below use a fill character of 0  
String and Integer variables: Precision defines the maximum  
length of the output.  
Examples (using Easting of 123456.12345):  
In the examples below, the output is shown for both using  
truncation and not using truncation is shown and uses 0 as the  
fill character (both truncation and the fill character are explained  
later).  
Length  
15  
Precision  
Output  
00000123456.123  
3
15  
6
00123456.123450  
Note that the length of 15 includes the decimal point.  
40  
Appendix A - The Formatting Options for Export Variables  
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Fill Character  
Units  
Fill characters are used to "fill" variables that have fewer characters  
than the defined length for that variable. Applies also to String and  
Integer export variables.  
The unit type as to how the data will be output for each variable can  
be defined. This setting will overide any unit setting in SKI-Pro or on  
the sensor. Does not apply to String export variables.  
Either spaces or 0 can be used as the fill character.  
Linear variables (such as coordinates, baseline lengths) can be set  
to metres, US feet, or Intl feet.  
In the example below, the output is right aligned and has a length  
of 7.  
Angular variables (such as convergence angle) can be set to  
radians, gons, degrees (sexagesimal), degrees (decimal) or  
mils.  
Examples (using Point ID of 12345):  
0 as fill character -  
0012345  
12345  
The Use system unit will read the instrument settings regardless of  
the Format Manager settings for that variable.  
space as fill character -  
The space fill character is automatically selected if a  
variable is left aligned.  
41  
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Appendix A - The Formatting Options for Export Variables  
Flags  
Flags are special "attributes" that can be set to export variables to  
increase the flexibility of the output format.  
Suppress rounding  
If this option is selected, the true value will be truncated (instead of  
rounded) at the specified precision. Does not apply to String and  
Integer variables.  
In the examples below, the Precision is set to 2.  
Example (using Easting of 123456.789):  
Flag Enabled (rounding suppressed) -  
123456.78  
Some flags are not applicable to String and Integer export variable  
types. For each flag it is stated in the following descriptions if that  
flag is applicable to these export variable types.  
Flag Disabled (rounding not suppressed) - 123456.79  
Truncate value  
If this option is selected, variable values will be truncated to reach  
the desired string length. Applies also to String and Integer  
variables.  
Allow scaling  
If this option is selected, variables will be multiplied by the entered  
scaling factor. Does not apply to String and Integer variables.  
In the examples below, the linear scale is set to 1000.  
Example (using Easting of 123456.789):  
In the examples below, the Length is set to 7.  
Example (using Easting of 123456.789):  
Flag Enabled (use scaling) - 123456789.000  
Flag Disabled (do not scale) - 123456.789  
Flag Enabled (truncate) -  
Flag Disabled (do not truncate) - 123456.789  
For Floating Point variables the truncation is always  
456.789  
from the left. For String and Integer only variables,  
the text can be truncated from the left or right  
depending on the Length and Precision settings.  
Please refer to the previous description on Precision.  
The scaling factors themselves are entered in the  
Settings dialog box. (From the Options menu or from  
the Toolbar select Formats  
).  
42  
Appendix A - The Formatting Options for Export Variables  
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Scales  
Appendix B - The Setting Options  
Scales can be defined for all export variable types. All export  
This Appendix describes the different format options that are  
variables will then be mutiplied by the specific scale factor.  
possible using the Settings dialog box. This is accessed from the  
Options menu or from the Toolbar select Formats  
.
Example (using Easting of 123456.12345):  
In the example below, the linear scale is set to 1000.  
Output - 123456123.45  
The use of the options within this dialog box allows the Units,  
Scaling factors and the export variable Default values to be set.  
If you wish to use scaling for an export variable,  
remember to set the Allow scaling flag for that export  
variable. Refer to Appendix A.  
If you wish the scaling values also to be used in every  
subsequent format file you create, you should select  
the Use for every new format option.  
43  
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Units  
Default values  
The units for angular, linear, temperature and pressure units can be  
selected. The output will then be converted into the selected units.  
This allows the default values to be defined that will be output for  
Floating Point, Integer and String export variables.  
ØExamples of Floating Point variables are coordinate or  
baseline length variables. They are variables which could contain  
a decimal point in their output.  
If you wish the unit settings also to be used in every  
subsequent format file you create, you should tick the  
Use for every new format option.  
ØAn example of an Integer variable is the degree part of the  
WGS84 coordinates. They are variables which do not contain a  
decimal point in their output.  
If you wish the units which are currently chosen on the  
instrument or in SKI-Pro to be output, you should select  
the Use instrument units option.  
ØExamples of String variables are Point ID or Code ID. They are  
purely text variables.  
44  
Appendix B - The Setting Options  
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The default value you enter will be output when that variable type  
(floating point, integer or string) is output but no actual data for that  
particular variable is available.  
For example, a simple format file is created which will output point ID,  
coordinates and code. However, during the survey, not every point is  
coded. When the format file is used with this survey data, the code  
ID that will be seen in the output for the points that have not been  
coded will be the default value.  
If you wish the default values you enter also to be used  
in every subsequent format file you create, you should  
tick the Use for every new format option.  
45  
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Appendix B - The Setting Options  
Appendix C - Frequently Asked Questions  
Q. Why has my data not come out on separate lines? It has  
scrolled around the screen.  
Example:  
You require GPS data to be output in a format that is similar as  
shown below  
This is because you have not pressed ENTER at the end of the  
output string. You must enter the complete output for a format file and  
the carriage return / line feed to create a new line is part of that  
format. This also applies to any footers, headers or block titles.  
Job Details...  
Name of job, Creator etc  
Point Details...  
Point ID, coordinates, CQ etc  
Baseline Information...  
Baseline lengths etc  
Q. Why do I see 1.00 for my local heights? I can see the  
proper heights in SKI-Pro.  
Each "type" of data (Job, Point details, Baseline information) is  
grouped together in blocks which allows complex format outputs to  
be created.  
You see 1.00 because this is the default export value for floating  
point export variables when you install Format Manager. This means  
that the export variable you have selected does not contain data.  
Check you have selected the correct export variable for your local  
height.  
However, the vast majority of format outputs can be created by just  
using the Fixpoint folder.  
Remember the Target (Elev) export variable will output local  
orthometric heights. The Local Ellipsoidal Height export variable  
will output local ellipsoidal heights.  
Not every export variable can be used in every folder.  
For example the Baseline Cofactor Qzz export  
variable could not be used in the Job folder. The  
baseline cofactor information would simply not be  
output.  
Q. Why are there so many export  
formatstrings in the tree view? Do I always  
have to use the Fixpoint exportstring folder?  
Using the different formatstring "folders" allows  
data of certain specific types to be grouped  
together.  
46  
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Appendix C - Frequently Asked Questions  
Q. Why has the code information not been output?  
Q. What is the String Pool?  
Are you using thematical coding or free coding?  
The string pool is a library for storing "strings" (combinations of  
export variables). This may be useful if you wish to use the same  
combination of export variables again and again in different format  
files.  
If you have coded with thematical coding then the code export  
variables must be entered into the Fixpoint (TPS/GPS) Exportstring.  
If you have entered the code export variables into the Code (TPS/  
GPS) Exportstring, no thematical code information will be output.  
Example: How to save strings into the string pool  
The format files created in Quick Tours I and II in this book can only  
be used with thematical codes. Please refer to Quick Tour II in this  
book for further information on thematical and free coding.  
You wish to use the combination of export variables shown below in  
other format files you will create.  
If you have coded with free coding then the code export variables  
must be entered into the Code (TPS/GPS) Exportstring. If you have  
entered the code export variables into the Fixpoint (TPS/GPS)  
Exportstring, no free code information will be output.  
ØRight click in the edit view or tree view sections of the screen to  
activate the String pool menu. Choose Save. Alternatively select the  
Additionally, when you export the surveyed data from the sensor or  
SKI-Pro, the data must be sorted by Time. If the surveyed data is  
sorted by Point Id, no free code information will be output.  
icon from the toolbar.  
ØEnter a name to identify this  
combination of export variables and  
save the combination to the string  
pool.  
The format file created in Quick Tour III in this book can only be used  
with free codes. Please refer to Quick Tour II in this book or Chapter  
8 of the System 500 Technical Reference Manual for further  
information on thematical and free coding.  
ØClick Save.  
47  
Getting Started with Format Manager-1.1.0en  
Appendix C - Frequently Asked Questions  
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Example: How to load strings from the string pool  
Any export variables or entered text that is present in  
the formatstring where you will load the string from the  
string pool will be deleted when you load the string.  
You now wish to create a different format file that will use this  
combination of export variables.  
ØOpen the tree view to access the Fixpoint  
Export Formatstring.  
ØRight click in the edit view or tree  
view sections of the screen to  
activate the String pool menu.  
Choose Load. Alternatively select the  
icon from the toolbar.  
The pool content shows what  
strings are currently stored in the  
pool.  
ØSelect the correct string and click  
Load.  
The combination of export variables  
will appear in the edit-view.  
48  
Getting Started with Format Manager-1.1.0en  
Appendix C - Frequently Asked Questions  
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Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg,  
Switzerland, has been certified as being  
equipped with a quality system which  
meets the International Standards of  
Quality Management and Quality  
Systems (ISO standard 9001) and Envi-  
ronmental Management Systems (ISO  
standard 14001).  
Total Quality Management-  
Our commitment to total customer  
satisfaction  
Ask your local Leica agent for more  
information about our TQM program  
Leica Geosystems AG  
CH-9435 Heerbrugg  
722431-1.1.0en  
(Switzerland)  
Phone +41 71 727 31 31  
Fax +41 71 727 46 73  
Printed in Switzerland - Copyright Leica Geosystems AG,  
Heerbrugg, Switzerland 2000  
Original text  
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